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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Islamic Law</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">243,321 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Islamic Law</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Islamic_Law">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_743984" data-work_id="743984" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/743984/2009_Islamische_Stiftungen_zwischen_juristischer_Norm_und_sozialer_Praxis_Einleitung">2009 Islamische Stiftungen zwischen juristischer Norm und sozialer Praxis: Einleitung</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/743984" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6faffef279799d4aefb858dd1e3fb12" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4262662,"asset_id":743984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4262662/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="492038" href="https://onb.academia.edu/LucianReinfandt">Lucian Reinfandt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="492038" type="text/json">{"id":492038,"first_name":"Lucian","last_name":"Reinfandt","domain_name":"onb","page_name":"LucianReinfandt","display_name":"Lucian Reinfandt","profile_url":"https://onb.academia.edu/LucianReinfandt?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/492038/168194/33595259/s65_lucian.reinfandt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_743984 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="743984"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 743984, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_743984", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=743984]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_743984").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_743984").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="743984"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam">Medieval Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6739" type="text/json">{"id":6739,"name":"Medieval Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=743984]'), work: {"id":743984,"title":"2009 Islamische Stiftungen zwischen juristischer Norm und sozialer Praxis: Einleitung","created_at":"2011-07-14T03:53:39.722-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/743984/2009_Islamische_Stiftungen_zwischen_juristischer_Norm_und_sozialer_Praxis_Einleitung?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_743984","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4262662,"asset_id":743984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":492038,"first_name":"Lucian","last_name":"Reinfandt","domain_name":"onb","page_name":"LucianReinfandt","display_name":"Lucian Reinfandt","profile_url":"https://onb.academia.edu/LucianReinfandt?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/492038/168194/33595259/s65_lucian.reinfandt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":6739,"name":"Medieval Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":23326,"name":"Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administration?f_ri=540"},{"id":25118,"name":"Medieval Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":26067,"name":"Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development?f_ri=540"},{"id":995931,"name":"Waqf Studies: Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waqf_Studies_Concept?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4994168" data-work_id="4994168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4994168/Two_Waqfs_of_%E1%B9%ACamgh%C4%81dj_Bughr%C4%81_Kh%C4%81n_in_Samar%E1%B8%B3and_Waqf_documents_of_the_11th_century_for_Madrasa_and_Hospital_in_Samar%E1%B8%B3and_Text_Translation_Study_LAP_2012_Sh_Kamoliddin_M_Mahmudova_B_Musametov">Two Waqfs of Ṭamghādj Bughrā Khān in Samarḳand. Waqf documents of the 11th century for Madrasa and Hospital in Samarḳand. Text-Translation-Study. LAP, 2012. Sh. Kamoliddin. M. Mahmudova, B. Musametov.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the middle of the 20th century the texts of two waqf documents, drawn up in the 11th century in Arabic in Samarḳand, were discovered, which are of great significance for studying the history and culture of Central Asia of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4994168" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the middle of the 20th century the texts of two waqf documents, drawn up in the 11th century in Arabic in Samarḳand, were discovered, which are of great significance for studying the history and culture of Central Asia of the Ḳarakhanid period. One of them was drawn up for madrasa, and the second for the hospital in Samarḳand, which were donated for public use as a charitable donation by the Ḳarakhanid ruler of Samarḳand Ṭamghādj Bughrā Khān (ruled in 444-460/1052-1068) in the month of Radjab 458/June 1066. The originals of these two documents have not reached us, but their text was included in some works on jurisprudence by medieval jurists. Many manuscripts of these works, containing copies of these two documents, are kept in various manuscript collections of the world. In the Shāh-i Zinda complex at the Afrāsiyāb settlement in Samarḳand, the remains of a monumental building were excavated, which were identified with the madrasa of Ṭamghādj Bughrā Khān. The present book consists of a critical edition of two waqf documents of Ṭamghādj Bughrā Khān, a Russian translation and a detailed historical-geographical and archaeological-topographic commentary with the involvement of data from archaeological and toponymical studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4994168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="914db0870a970aa6109b624a069e55d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41308625,"asset_id":4994168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41308625/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2749607" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BahodirMusametov">Bahodir Musametov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2749607" type="text/json">{"id":2749607,"first_name":"Bahodir","last_name":"Musametov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BahodirMusametov","display_name":"Bahodir Musametov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BahodirMusametov?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2749607/891723/71541423/s65_bahodir.musametov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4994168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4994168"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4994168, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4994168", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4994168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4994168").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4994168").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4994168"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rare_Books_and_Manuscripts">Rare Books and Manuscripts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4669" type="text/json">{"id":4669,"name":"Rare Books and Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rare_Books_and_Manuscripts?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6032" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_Studies">Central Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6032" type="text/json">{"id":6032,"name":"Central Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6663" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscript_Studies">Manuscript Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6663" type="text/json">{"id":6663,"name":"Manuscript Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscript_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4994168]'), work: {"id":4994168,"title":"Two Waqfs of Ṭamghādj Bughrā Khān in Samarḳand. Waqf documents of the 11th century for Madrasa and Hospital in Samarḳand. Text-Translation-Study. LAP, 2012. Sh. Kamoliddin. M. Mahmudova, B. Musametov.","created_at":"2013-11-04T21:33:19.620-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4994168/Two_Waqfs_of_%E1%B9%ACamgh%C4%81dj_Bughr%C4%81_Kh%C4%81n_in_Samar%E1%B8%B3and_Waqf_documents_of_the_11th_century_for_Madrasa_and_Hospital_in_Samar%E1%B8%B3and_Text_Translation_Study_LAP_2012_Sh_Kamoliddin_M_Mahmudova_B_Musametov?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_4994168","summary":"In the middle of the 20th century the texts of two waqf documents, drawn up in the 11th century in Arabic in Samarḳand, were discovered, which are of great significance for studying the history and culture of Central Asia of the Ḳarakhanid period. One of them was drawn up for madrasa, and the second for the hospital in Samarḳand, which were donated for public use as a charitable donation by the Ḳarakhanid ruler of Samarḳand Ṭamghādj Bughrā Khān (ruled in 444-460/1052-1068) in the month of Radjab 458/June 1066. The originals of these two documents have not reached us, but their text was included in some works on jurisprudence by medieval jurists. Many manuscripts of these works, containing copies of these two documents, are kept in various manuscript collections of the world. In the Shāh-i Zinda complex at the Afrāsiyāb settlement in Samarḳand, the remains of a monumental building were excavated, which were identified with the madrasa of Ṭamghādj Bughrā Khān. The present book consists of a critical edition of two waqf documents of Ṭamghādj Bughrā Khān, a Russian translation and a detailed historical-geographical and archaeological-topographic commentary with the involvement of data from archaeological and toponymical studies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41308625,"asset_id":4994168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2749607,"first_name":"Bahodir","last_name":"Musametov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BahodirMusametov","display_name":"Bahodir Musametov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BahodirMusametov?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2749607/891723/71541423/s65_bahodir.musametov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":4669,"name":"Rare Books and Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rare_Books_and_Manuscripts?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":6032,"name":"Central Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":6663,"name":"Manuscript Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscript_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":7155,"name":"Central Asia (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia_History_?f_ri=540"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":13098,"name":"Islam in Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_Central_Asia?f_ri=540"},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=540"},{"id":29606,"name":"Archaeology of Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Central_Asia?f_ri=540"},{"id":114816,"name":"Waqf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waqf_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":995931,"name":"Waqf Studies: Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waqf_Studies_Concept?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42799958" data-work_id="42799958" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42799958/Pre_Modern_Islamic_Medical_Ethics_and_Graeco_Islamic_Jewish_Embryology">Pre-Modern Islamic Medical Ethics and Graeco-Islamic-Jewish Embryology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the, hitherto comparatively unexplored, reception of Greek embryology by medieval Muslim jurists. The article elaborates on the views attributed to Hippocrates (d. ca. 375 BC), which received attention from both... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42799958" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the, hitherto comparatively unexplored, reception of Greek embryology by medieval Muslim jurists. The article elaborates on the views attributed to Hippocrates (d. ca. 375 BC), which received attention from both Muslim physicians, such as Avicenna (d. 1037), and their Jewish peers living in the Muslim world including Ibn Jumay (d. ca. 1198) and Moses Maimonides (d. 1204). The religio-ethical implications of these Graeco-Islamic-Jewish embryological views were fathomed out by the two medieval Muslim jurists Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (d. 1285) and Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 1350). By putting these medieval religio-ethical discussions into the limelight, the article aims to argue for a two-pronged thesis. Firstly, pre-modern medical ethics did exist in the Islamic tradition and available evidence shows that this field had a multidisciplinary character where the Islamic scriptures and the Graeco-Islamic-Jewish medical legacy were highly intertwined. This information problematizes the postulate claiming that medieval Muslim jurists were hostile to the so-called 'ancient sciences'. Secondly, these medieval religio-ethical discussions remain playing a significant role in shaping the nascent field of contemporary Islamic bioethics. However, examining the exact character and scope of this role still requires further academic ventures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42799958" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5dffdb684d41b9a4c190a34cdc983350" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63028169,"asset_id":42799958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63028169/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2935753" href="https://cilecenter.academia.edu/MohammedGhaly">Mohammed Ghaly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2935753" type="text/json">{"id":2935753,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Ghaly","domain_name":"cilecenter","page_name":"MohammedGhaly","display_name":"Mohammed Ghaly","profile_url":"https://cilecenter.academia.edu/MohammedGhaly?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2935753/1108816/1382768/s65_islam.bioethics.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42799958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42799958"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42799958, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42799958", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42799958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42799958").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42799958").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42799958"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4258" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryology">Embryology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4258" type="text/json">{"id":4258,"name":"Embryology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryology?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7368" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion">Science and Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7368" type="text/json">{"id":7368,"name":"Science and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30600" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Jurisprudence">Islamic Jurisprudence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30600" type="text/json">{"id":30600,"name":"Islamic Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Jurisprudence?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42799958]'), work: {"id":42799958,"title":"Pre-Modern Islamic Medical Ethics and Graeco-Islamic-Jewish Embryology","created_at":"2020-04-20T12:42:58.718-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42799958/Pre_Modern_Islamic_Medical_Ethics_and_Graeco_Islamic_Jewish_Embryology?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_42799958","summary":"This article examines the, hitherto comparatively unexplored, reception of Greek embryology by medieval Muslim jurists. The article elaborates on the views attributed to Hippocrates (d. ca. 375 BC), which received attention from both Muslim physicians, such as Avicenna (d. 1037), and their Jewish peers living in the Muslim world including Ibn Jumay (d. ca. 1198) and Moses Maimonides (d. 1204). The religio-ethical implications of these Graeco-Islamic-Jewish embryological views were fathomed out by the two medieval Muslim jurists Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (d. 1285) and Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 1350). By putting these medieval religio-ethical discussions into the limelight, the article aims to argue for a two-pronged thesis. Firstly, pre-modern medical ethics did exist in the Islamic tradition and available evidence shows that this field had a multidisciplinary character where the Islamic scriptures and the Graeco-Islamic-Jewish medical legacy were highly intertwined. This information problematizes the postulate claiming that medieval Muslim jurists were hostile to the so-called 'ancient sciences'. Secondly, these medieval religio-ethical discussions remain playing a significant role in shaping the nascent field of contemporary Islamic bioethics. However, examining the exact character and scope of this role still requires further academic ventures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63028169,"asset_id":42799958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2935753,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Ghaly","domain_name":"cilecenter","page_name":"MohammedGhaly","display_name":"Mohammed Ghaly","profile_url":"https://cilecenter.academia.edu/MohammedGhaly?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2935753/1108816/1382768/s65_islam.bioethics.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":4258,"name":"Embryology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryology?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":7368,"name":"Science and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":30600,"name":"Islamic Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Jurisprudence?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":37055,"name":"Religion and Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Science?f_ri=540"},{"id":82917,"name":"Ignaz Goldziher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ignaz_Goldziher?f_ri=540"},{"id":289102,"name":"Islamic bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_bioethics?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223709,"name":"Islamic law and jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_law_and_jurisprudence-1?f_ri=540"},{"id":1275302,"name":"Al-Qarafi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Qarafi?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4799209" data-work_id="4799209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4799209/Globalization_Liberalism_and_Western_Concepts_of_Intellectual_Property_Law_A_Need_of_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_People_and_the_Cultural_Diversity_in_Contemporary_World">Globalization, Liberalism and Western Concepts of Intellectual Property Law : A Need of Protection of the Rights of Indigenous People and the Cultural Diversity in Contemporary World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"The increasing sensibility regarding intangible cultural heritage provides momentum to better define a legal framework for the protection of these peculiar immaterial goods. This article questions whether the current intellectual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4799209" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"The increasing sensibility regarding intangible cultural heritage provides momentum to better define a legal framework for the protection of these peculiar immaterial goods. This article questions whether the current intellectual property rights (IPRs) regime represents an adequate model of protection vis-à-vis intangible cultural heritage. A plethora of caveats must be taken into consideration, starting with the desirability of the commodification of intangible cultural heritage, i.e. its exploitation and commercialization through the IPRs regime, but also including the outlining of the legal instruments needed for guaranteeing adequate advantages for the countries and communities representing the sources of origin of the intangible goods.  <br />After framing the crucial issues detected in literature regarding intangible cultural heritage, the article investigates the ways in which the actual IPRs regime grants protection to intangible goods. Our evaluation supports the idea that, without a many-faceted remodeling, current intellectual property laws represent an unsatisfactory mechanism for protecting intangible cultural heritage. This inadequacy is rooted in the inefficacy of IPRs under the patent and copyright regimes in ensuring the protection of cultural heritage, while also falling short of fostering an appropriate comprehensive social policy."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4799209" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89ab43ca39fc8f284e345bdb54673424" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32098233,"asset_id":4799209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32098233/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6021545" href="https://wvu.academia.edu/PaoloDavideFarah">Paolo Davide Farah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6021545" type="text/json">{"id":6021545,"first_name":"Paolo Davide","last_name":"Farah","domain_name":"wvu","page_name":"PaoloDavideFarah","display_name":"Paolo Davide Farah","profile_url":"https://wvu.academia.edu/PaoloDavideFarah?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6021545/2596226/3016412/s65_paolo_davide.farah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4799209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4799209"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4799209, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4799209", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4799209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4799209").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4799209").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4799209"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="967" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property">Intellectual Property</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="967" type="text/json">{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4799209]'), work: {"id":4799209,"title":"Globalization, Liberalism and Western Concepts of Intellectual Property Law : A Need of Protection of the Rights of Indigenous People and the Cultural Diversity in Contemporary World","created_at":"2013-10-17T04:23:50.762-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4799209/Globalization_Liberalism_and_Western_Concepts_of_Intellectual_Property_Law_A_Need_of_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_People_and_the_Cultural_Diversity_in_Contemporary_World?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_4799209","summary":"\"The increasing sensibility regarding intangible cultural heritage provides momentum to better define a legal framework for the protection of these peculiar immaterial goods. This article questions whether the current intellectual property rights (IPRs) regime represents an adequate model of protection vis-à-vis intangible cultural heritage. A plethora of caveats must be taken into consideration, starting with the desirability of the commodification of intangible cultural heritage, i.e. its exploitation and commercialization through the IPRs regime, but also including the outlining of the legal instruments needed for guaranteeing adequate advantages for the countries and communities representing the sources of origin of the intangible goods. \r\nAfter framing the crucial issues detected in literature regarding intangible cultural heritage, the article investigates the ways in which the actual IPRs regime grants protection to intangible goods. Our evaluation supports the idea that, without a many-faceted remodeling, current intellectual property laws represent an unsatisfactory mechanism for protecting intangible cultural heritage. This inadequacy is rooted in the inefficacy of IPRs under the patent and copyright regimes in ensuring the protection of cultural heritage, while also falling short of fostering an appropriate comprehensive social policy.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32098233,"asset_id":4799209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6021545,"first_name":"Paolo Davide","last_name":"Farah","domain_name":"wvu","page_name":"PaoloDavideFarah","display_name":"Paolo Davide Farah","profile_url":"https://wvu.academia.edu/PaoloDavideFarah?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6021545/2596226/3016412/s65_paolo_davide.farah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":2095,"name":"Corporate Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=540"},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=540"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=540"},{"id":12281,"name":"Business Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":13151,"name":"Intellectual Property Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=540"},{"id":21479,"name":"Cultural Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Diversity?f_ri=540"},{"id":22464,"name":"Intellectual Property Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Rights?f_ri=540"},{"id":128406,"name":"Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Knowledge_and_Intellectual_Property_Rights?f_ri=540"},{"id":175320,"name":"Indegenous People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indegenous_People?f_ri=540"},{"id":476367,"name":"Preferential Trade Agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preferential_Trade_Agreements?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223672,"name":"WTO/GATT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_GATT?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223673,"name":"Arab countries' integration into the global trading system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_countries_integration_into_the_global_trading_system?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223674,"name":"Finance and banking law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_banking_law?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36316549" data-work_id="36316549" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36316549/Principles_of_Islamic_Law_and_the_Methods_of_Interpretation_of_the_Texts_Usul_al_Fiqh_">Principles of Islamic Law and the Methods of Interpretation of the Texts (Usul al-Fiqh)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the past couple decades, interest in learning and teaching Islamic law has increased in both the Muslim and non-Muslim world. The popularity of Islamic banking and finance has especially triggered scholarly studies in this field, since... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36316549" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the past couple decades, interest in learning and teaching Islamic law has increased in both the Muslim and non-Muslim world. The popularity of Islamic banking and finance has especially triggered scholarly studies in this field, since the study of uṣūl al-fiqh is the essence of comprehending the law revealed by the Lawgiver. In order to fully implement the intention of the Lawgiver in the field of tashrī‘, as well as in Islamic banking and finance, properly learning the components of uṣūl al-fiqh is highly essential for those who are both theorists and practitioners. A better understanding of the principles of Islamic law and the methods of interpretation of the texts is necessary to appropriately convey the message of the eternal sources to the experts, just as a driver’s licence is necessary to drive a car and a medical certificate is necessary to practice medicine − without these certificates, one may cause a serious accident or death. Such an understanding will protect students, especially those of the younger, technologically advanced generation, from reckless approaches towards aḥkām of the Qur’ān and the Sunnah. Studying the principles of Islamic law, uṣūl al-fiqh, is as essential as studying other sciences to be qualified in Islamic sciences, since they are a manifestation of divine law, which reflects the rules (aḥkām) derived from the main sources, the Qur’ān and the Sunnah, which are simply called the Sharī‘ah.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36316549" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="403d0aca76a0e803284409610cca61d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99222986,"asset_id":36316549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99222986/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217301" href="https://marmara.academia.edu/PROFDRSAIMKAYADIBI">PROF. DR. SAIM KAYADIBI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217301" type="text/json">{"id":217301,"first_name":"PROF. DR. SAIM","last_name":"KAYADIBI","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"PROFDRSAIMKAYADIBI","display_name":"PROF. DR. SAIM KAYADIBI","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/PROFDRSAIMKAYADIBI?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217301/97053/29998311/s65_prof._dr._saim.kayadibi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36316549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36316549"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36316549, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36316549", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36316549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36316549; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36316549"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36316549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36316549"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36316549; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36316549]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36316549").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36316549").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36316549"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Finance">Islamic Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21928" type="text/json">{"id":21928,"name":"Islamic Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Finance?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30831" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_">Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30831" type="text/json">{"id":30831,"name":"Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93304" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usul_al_Fiqh">Usul al Fiqh</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="93304" type="text/json">{"id":93304,"name":"Usul al Fiqh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usul_al_Fiqh?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36316549]'), work: {"id":36316549,"title":"Principles of Islamic Law and the Methods of Interpretation of the Texts (Usul al-Fiqh)","created_at":"2018-04-03T00:34:41.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36316549/Principles_of_Islamic_Law_and_the_Methods_of_Interpretation_of_the_Texts_Usul_al_Fiqh_?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_36316549","summary":"In the past couple decades, interest in learning and teaching Islamic law has increased in both the Muslim and non-Muslim world. The popularity of Islamic banking and finance has especially triggered scholarly studies in this field, since the study of uṣūl al-fiqh is the essence of comprehending the law revealed by the Lawgiver. In order to fully implement the intention of the Lawgiver in the field of tashrī‘, as well as in Islamic banking and finance, properly learning the components of uṣūl al-fiqh is highly essential for those who are both theorists and practitioners. A better understanding of the principles of Islamic law and the methods of interpretation of the texts is necessary to appropriately convey the message of the eternal sources to the experts, just as a driver’s licence is necessary to drive a car and a medical certificate is necessary to practice medicine − without these certificates, one may cause a serious accident or death. Such an understanding will protect students, especially those of the younger, technologically advanced generation, from reckless approaches towards aḥkām of the Qur’ān and the Sunnah. Studying the principles of Islamic law, uṣūl al-fiqh, is as essential as studying other sciences to be qualified in Islamic sciences, since they are a manifestation of divine law, which reflects the rules (aḥkām) derived from the main sources, the Qur’ān and the Sunnah, which are simply called the Sharī‘ah. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99222986,"asset_id":36316549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217301,"first_name":"PROF. DR. SAIM","last_name":"KAYADIBI","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"PROFDRSAIMKAYADIBI","display_name":"PROF. DR. SAIM KAYADIBI","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/PROFDRSAIMKAYADIBI?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217301/97053/29998311/s65_prof._dr._saim.kayadibi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":21928,"name":"Islamic Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Finance?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":30831,"name":"Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":93304,"name":"Usul al Fiqh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usul_al_Fiqh?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30145020" data-work_id="30145020" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30145020/The_Problem_withWhat_is_Questions_the_Literalism_of_Islamic_Law_and_the_Importance_of_Being_Islamic_Review_of_Shahab_Ahmeds_What_is_Islam">The Problem with`What is . . .?' Questions, the Literalism of Islamic Law, and the Importance of Being Islamic: Review of Shahab Ahmed's What is Islam?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30145020" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7160bc47161fa328658d8f7002107a4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50602262,"asset_id":30145020,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50602262/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63230" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/MairajSyed">Mairaj Syed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63230" type="text/json">{"id":63230,"first_name":"Mairaj","last_name":"Syed","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"MairajSyed","display_name":"Mairaj Syed","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/MairajSyed?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63230/1399174/77553446/s65_mairaj.syed.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30145020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30145020"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30145020, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30145020", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30145020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30145020; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30145020"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30145020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30145020"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30145020; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30145020]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30145020").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30145020").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30145020"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30145020]'), work: {"id":30145020,"title":"The Problem with`What is . . .?' 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Because the act of abortion is a criminal offense with murder of candidate human lives in the womb. However, other... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30712732" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: Perform Abortion is basically prohibited under any law whatsoever, either in the positive law and in Islamic law. Because the act of abortion is a criminal offense with murder of candidate human lives in the womb. However, other conditions then gives leeway do this forbidden actions, such as in cases of rape and medical emergencies, which, if not performed abortions would result in danger to the life of the mother. Therefore, the debate will be this exception still occurs. So it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the issue.<br />Keywords: Abortion, Rape, Medical Emergencies</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30712732" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8403310986b6f3da5c436123d0a513f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52157392,"asset_id":30712732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52157392/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32595755" href="https://uika-bogor.academia.edu/JurnalMizanUIKABogor">Jurnal Mizan UIKA Bogor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32595755" type="text/json">{"id":32595755,"first_name":"Jurnal Mizan","last_name":"UIKA Bogor","domain_name":"uika-bogor","page_name":"JurnalMizanUIKABogor","display_name":"Jurnal Mizan UIKA Bogor","profile_url":"https://uika-bogor.academia.edu/JurnalMizanUIKABogor?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32595755/9736350/10845758/s65_jurnal_mizan.uika_bogor.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30712732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30712732"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30712732, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30712732", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30712732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30712732; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30712732"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30712732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30712732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30712732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30712732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30712732").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30712732").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30712732"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30712732]'), work: {"id":30712732,"title":"DUE ABORTION RAPE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW: Munawaroh","created_at":"2017-01-03T01:04:12.298-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30712732/DUE_ABORTION_RAPE_AND_EMERGENCY_MEDICAL_ACCORDING_TO_ISLAMIC_LAW_Munawaroh?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_30712732","summary":"Abstract: Perform Abortion is basically prohibited under any law whatsoever, either in the positive law and in Islamic law. Because the act of abortion is a criminal offense with murder of candidate human lives in the womb. However, other conditions then gives leeway do this forbidden actions, such as in cases of rape and medical emergencies, which, if not performed abortions would result in danger to the life of the mother. Therefore, the debate will be this exception still occurs. So it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the issue.\nKeywords: Abortion, Rape, Medical Emergencies\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52157392,"asset_id":30712732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32595755,"first_name":"Jurnal Mizan","last_name":"UIKA Bogor","domain_name":"uika-bogor","page_name":"JurnalMizanUIKABogor","display_name":"Jurnal Mizan UIKA Bogor","profile_url":"https://uika-bogor.academia.edu/JurnalMizanUIKABogor?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32595755/9736350/10845758/s65_jurnal_mizan.uika_bogor.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74353777" data-work_id="74353777" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74353777/Legal_analogy_in_Islamic_law_and_common_law_Masalik_Al_Illah_obiter_dicta_and_distinguishing_compared">Legal analogy in Islamic law and common law: Masalik Al-'Illah, obiter dicta and distinguishing compared</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">THIS IS NOT MY (FAJRI&amp;#39;s) WORK, BUT OF DR MAJDAH ZAWAWI, I AM UPLOADING THIS ON HER BEHALF Legal analogy is the most common method of legal reasoning in most legal systems. However, there are differences in the application of legal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74353777" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">THIS IS NOT MY (FAJRI&amp;#39;s) WORK, BUT OF DR MAJDAH ZAWAWI, I AM UPLOADING THIS ON HER BEHALF Legal analogy is the most common method of legal reasoning in most legal systems. However, there are differences in the application of legal analogy in the civil legal system if compared to its application in the Islamic legal system. The main aim of this article is to look into the discrepancies in applying legal analogy between these two legal systems, primarily by looking into the utilization of the method of masalik al-&amp;#39;illah under Islamic law as compared to the theory of ratio decidendi, and distinguishing under the civil law.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74353777" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3d53bde86d01bddaea37c786f0a8611" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":94934138,"asset_id":74353777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94934138/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28459465" href="https://iium.academia.edu/MajdahZawawi">Majdah Zawawi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28459465" type="text/json">{"id":28459465,"first_name":"Majdah","last_name":"Zawawi","domain_name":"iium","page_name":"MajdahZawawi","display_name":"Majdah Zawawi","profile_url":"https://iium.academia.edu/MajdahZawawi?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28459465/8038636/9002749/s65_majdah.zawawi.jpg_oh_6ba014f2eb2a422c0598f49dd4df62a1_oe_55b94834___gda___1433904122_7277e1793798c2b37ac9445ebf3c598e"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74353777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74353777"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74353777, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74353777", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74353777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74353777").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74353777").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74353777"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="542" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="542" type="text/json">{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="546" type="text/json">{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74353777]'), work: {"id":74353777,"title":"Legal analogy in Islamic law and common law: Masalik Al-'Illah, obiter dicta and distinguishing compared","created_at":"2022-03-23T00:15:23.214-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74353777/Legal_analogy_in_Islamic_law_and_common_law_Masalik_Al_Illah_obiter_dicta_and_distinguishing_compared?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_74353777","summary":"THIS IS NOT MY (FAJRI\u0026amp;#39;s) WORK, BUT OF DR MAJDAH ZAWAWI, I AM UPLOADING THIS ON HER BEHALF Legal analogy is the most common method of legal reasoning in most legal systems. However, there are differences in the application of legal analogy in the civil legal system if compared to its application in the Islamic legal system. The main aim of this article is to look into the discrepancies in applying legal analogy between these two legal systems, primarily by looking into the utilization of the method of masalik al-\u0026amp;#39;illah under Islamic law as compared to the theory of ratio decidendi, and distinguishing under the civil law.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":94934138,"asset_id":74353777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28459465,"first_name":"Majdah","last_name":"Zawawi","domain_name":"iium","page_name":"MajdahZawawi","display_name":"Majdah Zawawi","profile_url":"https://iium.academia.edu/MajdahZawawi?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28459465/8038636/9002749/s65_majdah.zawawi.jpg_oh_6ba014f2eb2a422c0598f49dd4df62a1_oe_55b94834___gda___1433904122_7277e1793798c2b37ac9445ebf3c598e"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic 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href="https://www.academia.edu/16747153/%CE%9F%CE%B9_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B4%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF_Pre_islamic_Arab_Religions_of_the_Peninsula_The_Expected_and_the_Unexpected_Athens_2015">Οι προϊσλαμικές θρησκείες της Αραβικής Χερσονήσου: Το Αναμενόμενο και το Απροσδόκητο Pre-islamic Arab Religions of the Peninsula: The Expected and the Unexpected, Athens 2015</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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Such incentives are put in place by means of legislation and enforced with the help of regulatory agencies. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36622137" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A well-regulated economic system requires incentives that reward productive and withhold rewards from unproductive activity. Such incentives are put in place by means of legislation and enforced with the help of regulatory agencies. A well-managed system will allocate resources more efficiently than a system in which income may be gained without active participation in economic activity, by lending at interest in particular, which invariably increases the prices of finished goods without, however, adding any value. Interest-based lending produces a range of important, though rarely highlighted, side effects. They include inefficiency, indebtedness, instability, inflation, unemployment, slow or declining economic growth, and an uneven distribution of wealth. 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href="https://univ-emir.academia.edu/AmaraAllaoua">Allaoua Amara</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13571111" type="text/json">{"id":13571111,"first_name":"Allaoua","last_name":"Amara","domain_name":"univ-emir","page_name":"AmaraAllaoua","display_name":"Allaoua Amara","profile_url":"https://univ-emir.academia.edu/AmaraAllaoua?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13571111/3790860/44071699/s65_allaoua.amara.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37611074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37611074"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37611074, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37611074", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37611074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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data-work_id="22319037" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22319037/Beyond_Beliefs_Deconstructing_the_Dominant_Narratives_of_the_Islamization_of_Pakistans_Law">Beyond Beliefs: Deconstructing the Dominant Narratives of the Islamization of Pakistan's Law</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The discourse on the 'Islamization' of laws in the legal systems of post-colonial Muslim states is dominated by two conflicting narratives. The dominant Western narrative views the Islamization of laws as the reincarnation of narrow and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22319037" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The discourse on the 'Islamization' of laws in the legal systems of post-colonial Muslim states is dominated by two conflicting narratives. The dominant Western narrative views the Islamization of laws as the reincarnation of narrow and archaic laws embodied in discriminatory statutes. In contrast, the dominant narrative of political Islam deems it as the cure-all for a range of social, political and economic ills afflicting that particular Muslim state. This Paper presents a deeper insight into the Islamization of Pakistan's law. Pakistan has three decades of experience with incorporating shari'a law into its Common Law system, an experience which has been characterized by a constant struggle between the dominant Western and Islamist narratives. Pakistan's experience helps us deconstruct the narratives and discourses surrounding Islamization and understand that the project of incorporating Islamic laws in a modern Muslim society must be based upon indigenous demands and undertaken in accordance with the organically evolving norms of recognition, interpretation, modification and enforcement in that society. Furthermore, substantive law cannot be understood or enforced outside of a legal system, its legal culture(s) and professional discourse(s), and of the broader socio-political dialectics that give context and relevance to it. Therefore, we need to shift focus to the systemic problems deeply ingrained in Pakistan's legal system that allow law and legal processes to be used to prolong disputes and cause harassment. Islamic legality can, in fact, play a significant role in breaking down the resistance that vested interests may offer to such a restructuring of the legal system along more egalitarian lines.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22319037" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61b55189b5e79254c26bad965e09214a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42958665,"asset_id":22319037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42958665/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43737988" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/MoeenCheema">Moeen Cheema</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43737988" type="text/json">{"id":43737988,"first_name":"Moeen","last_name":"Cheema","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"MoeenCheema","display_name":"Moeen Cheema","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/MoeenCheema?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43737988/11673564/108170664/s65_moeen.cheema.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22319037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22319037"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22319037, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22319037", }); 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The dominant Western narrative views the Islamization of laws as the reincarnation of narrow and archaic laws embodied in discriminatory statutes. In contrast, the dominant narrative of political Islam deems it as the cure-all for a range of social, political and economic ills afflicting that particular Muslim state. This Paper presents a deeper insight into the Islamization of Pakistan's law. Pakistan has three decades of experience with incorporating shari'a law into its Common Law system, an experience which has been characterized by a constant struggle between the dominant Western and Islamist narratives. Pakistan's experience helps us deconstruct the narratives and discourses surrounding Islamization and understand that the project of incorporating Islamic laws in a modern Muslim society must be based upon indigenous demands and undertaken in accordance with the organically evolving norms of recognition, interpretation, modification and enforcement in that society. Furthermore, substantive law cannot be understood or enforced outside of a legal system, its legal culture(s) and professional discourse(s), and of the broader socio-political dialectics that give context and relevance to it. Therefore, we need to shift focus to the systemic problems deeply ingrained in Pakistan's legal system that allow law and legal processes to be used to prolong disputes and cause harassment. Islamic legality can, in fact, play a significant role in breaking down the resistance that vested interests may offer to such a restructuring of the legal system along more egalitarian lines.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42958665,"asset_id":22319037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43737988,"first_name":"Moeen","last_name":"Cheema","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"MoeenCheema","display_name":"Moeen Cheema","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/MoeenCheema?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43737988/11673564/108170664/s65_moeen.cheema.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":18729,"name":"Comparative Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Criminal_Law?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37584209" data-work_id="37584209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37584209/%C4%B0slamdini_yoksulluk_kitap_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC_docx">İslamdini yoksulluk kitap bölümü.docx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37584209" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa4af6a9da80c92296ab4067bb768174" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57564215,"asset_id":37584209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57564215/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33262040" href="https://yalova.academia.edu/ElifYukselOktay">Elif Yuksel Oktay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33262040" type="text/json">{"id":33262040,"first_name":"Elif","last_name":"Yuksel Oktay","domain_name":"yalova","page_name":"ElifYukselOktay","display_name":"Elif Yuksel Oktay","profile_url":"https://yalova.academia.edu/ElifYukselOktay?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33262040/70348906/58765600/s65_elif.yuksel_oktay.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37584209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37584209"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37584209, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37584209", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37584209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37584209").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37584209").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37584209"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="736" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics">Islamic Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="736" type="text/json">{"id":736,"name":"Islamic Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25329" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics_and_Finance">Islamic Economics and Finance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25329" type="text/json">{"id":25329,"name":"Islamic Economics and Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics_and_Finance?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37584209]'), work: {"id":37584209,"title":"İslamdini yoksulluk kitap bölümü.docx","created_at":"2018-10-14T16:23:25.486-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37584209/%C4%B0slamdini_yoksulluk_kitap_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC_docx?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_37584209","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57564215,"asset_id":37584209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33262040,"first_name":"Elif","last_name":"Yuksel Oktay","domain_name":"yalova","page_name":"ElifYukselOktay","display_name":"Elif Yuksel Oktay","profile_url":"https://yalova.academia.edu/ElifYukselOktay?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33262040/70348906/58765600/s65_elif.yuksel_oktay.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":736,"name":"Islamic Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":25329,"name":"Islamic Economics and Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics_and_Finance?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34596486" data-work_id="34596486" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34596486/The_Norton_Anthology_of_World_Religions_Islam_edited_by_Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe">The Norton Anthology of World Religions: Islam, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The W.W. Norton Company has developed something of a reputation for producing definitive anthologies; as a young undergraduate I vividly recall lugging around two hefty volumes of The Norton Anthology of English Literature over three... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34596486" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The W.W. Norton Company has developed something of a reputation for producing definitive anthologies; as a young undergraduate I vividly recall lugging around two hefty volumes of The Norton Anthology of English Literature over three tiring years. It was with some excitement then that I opened the Islam volume of the recently published Norton Anthology of World Religions. Could we expect the same canon-shaping selection of primary texts that capture, in this case, the lifeblood of Islamic literary production over 14 centuries condensed into a single, accessible, English-language volume? The answer, after some lengthy and very pleasant perusal, has transpired to be a resounding yes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34596486" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="168469d127985eab08933e905f17f798" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54462036,"asset_id":34596486,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54462036/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9411004" href="https://cardiff.academia.edu/RiyazTimol">Dr Riyaz Timol</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9411004" type="text/json">{"id":9411004,"first_name":"Dr Riyaz","last_name":"Timol","domain_name":"cardiff","page_name":"RiyazTimol","display_name":"Dr Riyaz Timol","profile_url":"https://cardiff.academia.edu/RiyazTimol?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9411004/5890953/19542124/s65_dr_riyaz.timol.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34596486 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34596486"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34596486, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34596486", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34596486]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34596486").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34596486").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34596486"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies">Islamic Contemporary Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4979" type="text/json">{"id":4979,"name":"Islamic Contemporary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Philosophy">Islamic Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5674" type="text/json">{"id":5674,"name":"Islamic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Philosophy?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6544" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education">Islamic Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6544" type="text/json">{"id":6544,"name":"Islamic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34596486]'), work: {"id":34596486,"title":"The Norton Anthology of World Religions: Islam, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe","created_at":"2017-09-18T04:29:43.505-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34596486/The_Norton_Anthology_of_World_Religions_Islam_edited_by_Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_34596486","summary":"The W.W. Norton Company has developed something of a reputation for producing definitive anthologies; as a young undergraduate I vividly recall lugging around two hefty volumes of The Norton Anthology of English Literature over three tiring years. It was with some excitement then that I opened the Islam volume of the recently published Norton Anthology of World Religions. Could we expect the same canon-shaping selection of primary texts that capture, in this case, the lifeblood of Islamic literary production over 14 centuries condensed into a single, accessible, English-language volume? The answer, after some lengthy and very pleasant perusal, has transpired to be a resounding yes. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54462036,"asset_id":34596486,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9411004,"first_name":"Dr Riyaz","last_name":"Timol","domain_name":"cardiff","page_name":"RiyazTimol","display_name":"Dr Riyaz Timol","profile_url":"https://cardiff.academia.edu/RiyazTimol?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9411004/5890953/19542124/s65_dr_riyaz.timol.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":4979,"name":"Islamic Contemporary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":5674,"name":"Islamic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Philosophy?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":6544,"name":"Islamic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=540"},{"id":31841,"name":"History of Islamic Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Islamic_Civilization?f_ri=540"},{"id":35081,"name":"Islamic Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Intellectual_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":45018,"name":"Islamic History and Muslim Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History_and_Muslim_Civilization?f_ri=540"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":444224,"name":"Islamic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Literature?f_ri=540"},{"id":571509,"name":"Arabic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_and_Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":835103,"name":"Religius and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religius_and_Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":877973,"name":"Islamic teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_teaching?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30262748" data-work_id="30262748" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30262748/Review_What_is_Islam_by_Shahab_Ahmed_Islam_and_Christian_Muslim_Relations">Review: What is Islam by Shahab Ahmed ~ Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">‘[A] valid concept of “Islam” must denote and connote all possible “Islams,” whether abstract or “real,” mental or social’ (104)... Ahmed seeks to avoid two major pitfalls: (1) making Islam into a static essence or a category within an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30262748" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">‘[A] valid concept of “Islam” must denote and connote all possible “Islams,” whether abstract or “real,” mental or social’ (104)... Ahmed seeks to avoid two major pitfalls: (1) making Islam into a static essence or a category within an essentialist framework – such as proscription/prescription, ‘religion’,‘civilization’, ‘culture’, ‘orthodoxy’, etc., and (2) rendering Islam into a totally incoherent concept by conceding that there are as many islams as there are communities or individuals. Ahmed’s thesis (presented in Chapter 5) is that Islam is best conceptualized as a process of meaning-making or hermeneutical engagement in which the human agent engages with the Divine Revelation granted to Muhammad in one or more of this Revelation’s hierarchical dimensions – Pre-Text, Text, and Con-Text – in order to constitute meaning for himself."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30262748" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5b2005475cfbc8d5a78a186705f09d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50730133,"asset_id":30262748,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50730133/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1650421" href="https://augustana.academia.edu/KhalilAndani">Khalil Andani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1650421" type="text/json">{"id":1650421,"first_name":"Khalil","last_name":"Andani","domain_name":"augustana","page_name":"KhalilAndani","display_name":"Khalil Andani","profile_url":"https://augustana.academia.edu/KhalilAndani?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1650421/573459/35118166/s65_khalil.andani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30262748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30262748"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30262748, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30262748", }); 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data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies">Migration Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14730" type="text/json">{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16747610]'), work: {"id":16747610,"title":"Στα μονοπάτια του Ισλάμ: Μουσουλμανικές προσεγγίσεις\nIslamic Pathways: Muslim Aproaches, Athens 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Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4240885" data-work_id="4240885" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4240885/_Aisha_bint_Abi_Bakr_and_Her_Contributions_to_the_Formation_of_the_Islamic_Tradition_">"A'isha bint Abi Bakr and Her Contributions to the Formation of the Islamic Tradition"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">‘A’isha bint Abi Bakr (d. 678 CE) is probably best known today as a wife of the Prophet Muhammad, whose life is particularly notable due to her involvement in several dramatic events which subsequently loomed large in inter-Muslim... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4240885" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">‘A’isha bint Abi Bakr (d. 678 CE) is probably best known today as a wife of the Prophet Muhammad, whose life is particularly notable due to her involvement in several dramatic events which subsequently loomed large in inter-Muslim sectarian polemic. However, her portrayal in many Sunni medieval texts from a variety of literary genres as an authority on subjects ranging from law to variant readings of the Quran is beginning to receive more scholarly attention. This article brings together existing critical research on the presentation of ‘A’isha in classical Muslim works as a source of legal traditions and hadiths as well as a transmitter of the Quran, summarizes some of my own research, and points to ways that her image as an intellectual figure continues to be important to many Muslims today.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4240885" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3aad6392fea76940d091fee417752405" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42477900,"asset_id":4240885,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42477900/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5134502" href="https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/AishaGeissinger">Ash Geissinger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5134502" type="text/json">{"id":5134502,"first_name":"Ash","last_name":"Geissinger","domain_name":"carleton-ca","page_name":"AishaGeissinger","display_name":"Ash Geissinger","profile_url":"https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/AishaGeissinger?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5134502/2253118/11107628/s65_aisha.geissinger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4240885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4240885"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4240885, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4240885", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4240885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4240885; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4240885"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4240885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4240885"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4240885; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4240885]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4240885").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4240885").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4240885"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender">Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7024" type="text/json">{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120722" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith">Hadith</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120722" type="text/json">{"id":120722,"name":"Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="645648" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Intellectual_History">Muslim Intellectual History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="645648" type="text/json">{"id":645648,"name":"Muslim Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Intellectual_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4240885]'), work: {"id":4240885,"title":"\"A'isha bint Abi Bakr and Her Contributions to the Formation of the Islamic Tradition\"","created_at":"2013-08-14T05:35:33.286-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4240885/_Aisha_bint_Abi_Bakr_and_Her_Contributions_to_the_Formation_of_the_Islamic_Tradition_?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_4240885","summary":"‘A’isha bint Abi Bakr (d. 678 CE) is probably best known today as a wife of the Prophet Muhammad, whose life is particularly notable due to her involvement in several dramatic events which subsequently loomed large in inter-Muslim sectarian polemic. However, her portrayal in many Sunni medieval texts from a variety of literary genres as an authority on subjects ranging from law to variant readings of the Quran is beginning to receive more scholarly attention. This article brings together existing critical research on the presentation of ‘A’isha in classical Muslim works as a source of legal traditions and hadiths as well as a transmitter of the Quran, summarizes some of my own research, and points to ways that her image as an intellectual figure continues to be important to many Muslims today.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42477900,"asset_id":4240885,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5134502,"first_name":"Ash","last_name":"Geissinger","domain_name":"carleton-ca","page_name":"AishaGeissinger","display_name":"Ash Geissinger","profile_url":"https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/AishaGeissinger?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5134502/2253118/11107628/s65_aisha.geissinger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":120722,"name":"Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":645648,"name":"Muslim Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Intellectual_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26505047" data-work_id="26505047" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26505047/Sicurezza_della_navigazione_diritto_internazionale_e_legislazione_penale_comparata_gli_strumenti_di_contrasto_alla_pirateria_marittima_in_Europa_Africa_ed_Asia_Riv_Coop_Giur_Int_52_2016_">Sicurezza della navigazione, diritto internazionale e legislazione penale comparata: gli strumenti di contrasto alla pirateria marittima in Europa, Africa ed Asia (Riv. Coop. Giur. Int. 52/2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26505047" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f0dcd6de7ebe4a9c1bdfdd0d2228e4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46801753,"asset_id":26505047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46801753/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38010228" href="https://cactus-co.academia.edu/EmanuelePerrotta">Emanuele Perrotta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38010228" type="text/json">{"id":38010228,"first_name":"Emanuele","last_name":"Perrotta","domain_name":"cactus-co","page_name":"EmanuelePerrotta","display_name":"Emanuele Perrotta","profile_url":"https://cactus-co.academia.edu/EmanuelePerrotta?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38010228/10643630/35236415/s65_emanuele.perrotta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26505047 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26505047"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26505047, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26505047", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26505047 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26505047; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26505047"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26505047 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26505047"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26505047; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26505047]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26505047").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26505047").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26505047"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="537" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice">Criminal Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="537" type="text/json">{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="546" type="text/json">{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26505047]'), work: {"id":26505047,"title":"Sicurezza della navigazione, diritto internazionale e legislazione penale comparata: gli strumenti di contrasto alla pirateria marittima in Europa, Africa ed Asia (Riv. Coop. Giur. Int. 52/2016)","created_at":"2016-06-26T04:59:07.422-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26505047/Sicurezza_della_navigazione_diritto_internazionale_e_legislazione_penale_comparata_gli_strumenti_di_contrasto_alla_pirateria_marittima_in_Europa_Africa_ed_Asia_Riv_Coop_Giur_Int_52_2016_?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_26505047","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46801753,"asset_id":26505047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38010228,"first_name":"Emanuele","last_name":"Perrotta","domain_name":"cactus-co","page_name":"EmanuelePerrotta","display_name":"Emanuele Perrotta","profile_url":"https://cactus-co.academia.edu/EmanuelePerrotta?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38010228/10643630/35236415/s65_emanuele.perrotta.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":3836,"name":"Maritime Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":6617,"name":"United Nations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Nations?f_ri=540"},{"id":8869,"name":"Law of the Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_the_Sea?f_ri=540"},{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=540"},{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":18729,"name":"Comparative Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Criminal_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":44490,"name":"Diritto Internazionale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Internazionale?f_ri=540"},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=540"},{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=540"},{"id":102064,"name":"Diritto Penale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Penale?f_ri=540"},{"id":158307,"name":"Diritto Della Navigazione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Della_Navigazione?f_ri=540"},{"id":182993,"name":"Maritime Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Piracy?f_ri=540"},{"id":1713532,"name":"Diritto Marittimo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Marittimo?f_ri=540"},{"id":1764267,"name":"Piratería Marítima","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pirater%C3%ADa_Mar%C3%ADtima?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40473776" data-work_id="40473776" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40473776/Islam_and_the_State_in_Ibn_Taymiyya_Translation_and_Analysis">Islam and the State in Ibn Taymiyya: Translation and Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">'Proto-Salafist' 14th century theologian Ibn Taymiyya is recognised as the intellectual forefather of contemporary Salafism and Jihadism. This volume offers a unique approach to the study of Ibn Taymiyya, by offering an English... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40473776" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">'Proto-Salafist' 14th century theologian Ibn Taymiyya is recognised as the intellectual forefather of contemporary Salafism and Jihadism. This volume offers a unique approach to the study of Ibn Taymiyya, by offering an English translation of his fundamental political treatise, The Office of Islamic Government, and shorter collections from The Collected Fatwas and The Prophetic Way, and Islamic Governance in Reconciling between the Ruler and the Ruled. The volume not only sheds light on these primary sources through translation and annotation, but also offers a theoretical analysis of Ibn Taymiyya's thought and how his legal viewpoint can be reconciled with current trends in Islamic political theory. The analysis provides an overview of Ibn Taymiyya's geo-political context, and offers an original study of his normative political thought. In examining the contemporary implications of Ibn Taymiyya's political theology, the authors explore his doctrine of the Islamic state in the context of Islamic decolonial theory.<br /><br />Islam and the State in Ibn Taymiyya will appeal to academics in the fields of political science and religious studies, particularly within the field of Islamic history.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40473776" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc45b3ec3c8ba28a7f6c518f6018cca8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77808631,"asset_id":40473776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77808631/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34971184" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JaanIslam">Jaan Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34971184" type="text/json">{"id":34971184,"first_name":"Jaan","last_name":"Islam","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"JaanIslam","display_name":"Jaan Islam","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/JaanIslam?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34971184/10184359/111354478/s65_jaan.islam.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40473776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40473776"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40473776, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40473776", }); 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This volume offers a unique approach to the study of Ibn Taymiyya, by offering an English translation of his fundamental political treatise, The Office of Islamic Government, and shorter collections from The Collected Fatwas and The Prophetic Way, and Islamic Governance in Reconciling between the Ruler and the Ruled. The volume not only sheds light on these primary sources through translation and annotation, but also offers a theoretical analysis of Ibn Taymiyya's thought and how his legal viewpoint can be reconciled with current trends in Islamic political theory. The analysis provides an overview of Ibn Taymiyya's geo-political context, and offers an original study of his normative political thought. In examining the contemporary implications of Ibn Taymiyya's political theology, the authors explore his doctrine of the Islamic state in the context of Islamic decolonial theory.\n\nIslam and the State in Ibn Taymiyya will appeal to academics in the fields of political science and religious studies, particularly within the field of Islamic history.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77808631,"asset_id":40473776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34971184,"first_name":"Jaan","last_name":"Islam","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"JaanIslam","display_name":"Jaan Islam","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/JaanIslam?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34971184/10184359/111354478/s65_jaan.islam.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":6502,"name":"Mamluk Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mamluk_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":13095,"name":"History of Caliphates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Caliphates?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":66015,"name":"Shariah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shariah?f_ri=540"},{"id":70603,"name":"Secularism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secularism?f_ri=540"},{"id":80338,"name":"Ibn Taymiyya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Taymiyya?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37927989" data-work_id="37927989" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37927989/Does_Ab%C5%AB_%E1%B8%A4an%C4%ABfah_Reject_Sound_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_in_Order_to_Formulate_Legal_Rulings_A_Study_of_Ab%C5%AB_%E1%B8%A4an%C4%ABfahs_Us%C5%ABl_and_His_Competency_in_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth">Does Abū Ḥanīfah Reject Sound Ḥadīth in Order to Formulate Legal Rulings? A Study of Abū Ḥanīfah's Usūl and His Competency in Ḥadīth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nu’mān Bin Thābit, better known by his kunyah, Abū Ḥanīfah, has been subject to much criticism due to his supposed lack of knowledge in Ḥadīth and Ḥadīth studies. The methodology of the Ḥanafīs has been similarly scrutinized as it is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37927989" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nu’mān Bin Thābit, better known by his kunyah, Abū Ḥanīfah, has been subject to much criticism due to his supposed lack of knowledge in Ḥadīth and Ḥadīth studies. The methodology of the Ḥanafīs has been similarly scrutinized as it is infamously known to diverge from the other schools in their methodological usage of the sources in deriving legal rulings. Where the other orthodox schools use a methodology derived from al-Shāfi’ī's combination of the reports and opinion, Abū Ḥanīfah is known to have ruled from the Qur’ān more-so than from the reports. A particular aspect of the discussion is the idea that he took his own opinion over the clear textual sources of the Sunnah i.e. the Ḥadīth reports. However, what has been overlooked is the way in which Abū Ḥanīfah used the Ḥadīth and how he understood them. Rather than having a weakness in Ḥadīth, as purported by some, Abū Ḥanīfah had a unique understanding of Ḥadīth, and subjected them to great scrutiny in order to derive the truest rendition of God’s law on earth. Rather than a detraction from Prophetic reports, it seems that there has been a lack of understanding when it comes to the Usūl of Abū Ḥanīfah.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37927989" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="caa1286e7dfcbafa953ac13e41701033" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57940438,"asset_id":37927989,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57940438/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56530360" href="https://soas.academia.edu/EissaDar">Eissa Dar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56530360" type="text/json">{"id":56530360,"first_name":"Eissa","last_name":"Dar","domain_name":"soas","page_name":"EissaDar","display_name":"Eissa Dar","profile_url":"https://soas.academia.edu/EissaDar?f_ri=540","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37927989 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37927989"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37927989, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37927989", }); 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A Study of Abū Ḥanīfah's Usūl and His Competency in Ḥadīth","created_at":"2018-12-06T13:47:49.749-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37927989/Does_Ab%C5%AB_%E1%B8%A4an%C4%ABfah_Reject_Sound_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_in_Order_to_Formulate_Legal_Rulings_A_Study_of_Ab%C5%AB_%E1%B8%A4an%C4%ABfahs_Us%C5%ABl_and_His_Competency_in_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_37927989","summary":"Nu’mān Bin Thābit, better known by his kunyah, Abū Ḥanīfah, has been subject to much criticism due to his supposed lack of knowledge in Ḥadīth and Ḥadīth studies. The methodology of the Ḥanafīs has been similarly scrutinized as it is infamously known to diverge from the other schools in their methodological usage of the sources in deriving legal rulings. Where the other orthodox schools use a methodology derived from al-Shāfi’ī's combination of the reports and opinion, Abū Ḥanīfah is known to have ruled from the Qur’ān more-so than from the reports. A particular aspect of the discussion is the idea that he took his own opinion over the clear textual sources of the Sunnah i.e. the Ḥadīth reports. However, what has been overlooked is the way in which Abū Ḥanīfah used the Ḥadīth and how he understood them. Rather than having a weakness in Ḥadīth, as purported by some, Abū Ḥanīfah had a unique understanding of Ḥadīth, and subjected them to great scrutiny in order to derive the truest rendition of God’s law on earth. Rather than a detraction from Prophetic reports, it seems that there has been a lack of understanding when it comes to the Usūl of Abū Ḥanīfah.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57940438,"asset_id":37927989,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56530360,"first_name":"Eissa","last_name":"Dar","domain_name":"soas","page_name":"EissaDar","display_name":"Eissa Dar","profile_url":"https://soas.academia.edu/EissaDar?f_ri=540","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":30831,"name":"Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_?f_ri=540"},{"id":34259,"name":"Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principles_of_Islamic_Jurisprudence_Usul_al-Fiqh_?f_ri=540"},{"id":45018,"name":"Islamic History and Muslim Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History_and_Muslim_Civilization?f_ri=540"},{"id":88028,"name":"Early Hanafis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hanafis?f_ri=540"},{"id":93304,"name":"Usul al Fiqh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usul_al_Fiqh?f_ri=540"},{"id":120722,"name":"Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith?f_ri=540"},{"id":320714,"name":"Hanafism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hanafism?f_ri=540"},{"id":320715,"name":"Abu Hanifah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abu_Hanifah?f_ri=540"},{"id":577696,"name":"Hanafi jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hanafi_jurisprudence?f_ri=540"},{"id":824027,"name":"Imam Abu Hanifa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imam_Abu_Hanifa?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223708,"name":"Qur'anic and Hadith sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Hadith_sciences?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20269730" data-work_id="20269730" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20269730/Me%C5%9Fhur_S%C3%BCnnetin_Dindeki_Yeri_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_">Meşhur Sünnetin Dindeki Yeri (السنة المشهورة ومكانتها في الفقه الإسلامي)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Kitabın pdf.sine şu linkten ulaşabilirsiniz. Sadece kişisel okuma içindir, ticari amaçla kullanılamaz.  29.03.2022 <br /> <br /><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tiqdTR70P8AGqgHSB5RobiumGJ6HCTK9/view?usp=sharing" rel="nofollow">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tiqdTR70P8AGqgHSB5RobiumGJ6HCTK9/view?usp=sharing</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20269730" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="394433cc08754287d106d4576105051b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41137665,"asset_id":20269730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41137665/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34691723" href="https://comu.academia.edu/MehmetAliYARGI">Mehmet Ali YARGI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34691723" type="text/json">{"id":34691723,"first_name":"Mehmet Ali","last_name":"YARGI","domain_name":"comu","page_name":"MehmetAliYARGI","display_name":"Mehmet Ali YARGI","profile_url":"https://comu.academia.edu/MehmetAliYARGI?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34691723/10125618/21091771/s65_mehmet_ali.yargi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20269730 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20269730"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20269730, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20269730", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20269730]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20269730").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20269730").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20269730"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30831" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_">Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30831" type="text/json">{"id":30831,"name":"Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34259" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principles_of_Islamic_Jurisprudence_Usul_al-Fiqh_">Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34259" type="text/json">{"id":34259,"name":"Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principles_of_Islamic_Jurisprudence_Usul_al-Fiqh_?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20269730]'), work: {"id":20269730,"title":"Meşhur Sünnetin Dindeki Yeri (السنة المشهورة ومكانتها في الفقه الإسلامي)","created_at":"2016-01-14T11:26:22.303-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20269730/Me%C5%9Fhur_S%C3%BCnnetin_Dindeki_Yeri_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_20269730","summary":"Kitabın pdf.sine şu linkten ulaşabilirsiniz. Sadece kişisel okuma içindir, ticari amaçla kullanılamaz. 29.03.2022\r\n\r\nhttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1tiqdTR70P8AGqgHSB5RobiumGJ6HCTK9/view?usp=sharing\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41137665,"asset_id":20269730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34691723,"first_name":"Mehmet Ali","last_name":"YARGI","domain_name":"comu","page_name":"MehmetAliYARGI","display_name":"Mehmet Ali YARGI","profile_url":"https://comu.academia.edu/MehmetAliYARGI?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34691723/10125618/21091771/s65_mehmet_ali.yargi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":30831,"name":"Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":34259,"name":"Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principles_of_Islamic_Jurisprudence_Usul_al-Fiqh_?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":93304,"name":"Usul al Fiqh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usul_al_Fiqh?f_ri=540"},{"id":95178,"name":"Islamic Classical Jurisprudence (fiqh)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Classical_Jurisprudence_fiqh_?f_ri=540"},{"id":106300,"name":"Fiqh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiqh?f_ri=540"},{"id":139592,"name":"Quran and Sunnah Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Sunnah_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":293905,"name":"Sunna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunna?f_ri=540"},{"id":571509,"name":"Arabic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_and_Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":855740,"name":"الفقه و أصوله","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223709,"name":"Islamic law and jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_law_and_jurisprudence-1?f_ri=540"},{"id":1524860,"name":"Islamic Teology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Teology?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60156306" data-work_id="60156306" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60156306/Balancing_Individual_Rights_Religious_Law_and_Equality_Landmark_Decisions_from_Egypt_Kuwait_and_Tunisia">Balancing Individual Rights, Religious Law and Equality Landmark Decisions from Egypt, Kuwait and Tunisia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Landmark Decisions for Comparative Research In many countries of the Middle East and North Africa, the institutions charged with constitutional review have undergone substantial reform in recent decades, indicating a rising awareness of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60156306" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Landmark Decisions for Comparative Research<br /><br />In many countries of the Middle East and North Africa, the institutions charged with constitutional review have undergone substantial reform in recent decades, indicating a rising awareness of the constitutional review as a potent instrument. New courts have been created (e.g. Iraq 2004), and existing courts have been attributed new competences and procedures (e.g. Tunisia 2014, Morocco 2017). Most courts have expanded their role and relevance (e.g. Egypt and Kuwait), shaping political and societal change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60156306" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7aab15eb3fba302eff0954e43a8fb725" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73721446,"asset_id":60156306,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73721446/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44446286" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaSchoellerSchletter">Anja Schoeller-Schletter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44446286" type="text/json">{"id":44446286,"first_name":"Anja","last_name":"Schoeller-Schletter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnjaSchoellerSchletter","display_name":"Anja Schoeller-Schletter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaSchoellerSchletter?f_ri=540","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60156306 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60156306"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60156306, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60156306", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60156306]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60156306").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60156306").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60156306"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law">Comparative Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7554" type="text/json">{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27673" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sharia">Sharia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27673" type="text/json">{"id":27673,"name":"Sharia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sharia?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60156306]'), work: {"id":60156306,"title":"Balancing Individual Rights, Religious Law and Equality Landmark Decisions from Egypt, Kuwait and Tunisia","created_at":"2021-10-27T11:15:47.422-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60156306/Balancing_Individual_Rights_Religious_Law_and_Equality_Landmark_Decisions_from_Egypt_Kuwait_and_Tunisia?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_60156306","summary":"Landmark Decisions for Comparative Research\n\nIn many countries of the Middle East and North Africa, the institutions charged with constitutional review have undergone substantial reform in recent decades, indicating a rising awareness of the constitutional review as a potent instrument. New courts have been created (e.g. Iraq 2004), and existing courts have been attributed new competences and procedures (e.g. Tunisia 2014, Morocco 2017). Most courts have expanded their role and relevance (e.g. Egypt and Kuwait), shaping political and societal change.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73721446,"asset_id":60156306,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44446286,"first_name":"Anja","last_name":"Schoeller-Schletter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnjaSchoellerSchletter","display_name":"Anja Schoeller-Schletter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaSchoellerSchletter?f_ri=540","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":27673,"name":"Sharia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sharia?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":36910,"name":"Human Rights under International Law and Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_under_International_Law_and_Islamic_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":59678,"name":"Derecho constitucional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_constitucional?f_ri=540"},{"id":60575,"name":"Islamic Law and Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law_and_Legal_Theory?f_ri=540"},{"id":66015,"name":"Shariah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shariah?f_ri=540"},{"id":92907,"name":"Islamic Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Family_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":259691,"name":"Shariah and Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shariah_and_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":313243,"name":"Droit Constitutionnel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_Constitutionnel?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223709,"name":"Islamic law and jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_law_and_jurisprudence-1?f_ri=540"},{"id":1918411,"name":"Droit constitutionnel comparé","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_constitutionnel_compar%C3%A9?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7107347" data-work_id="7107347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7107347/Panique_%C3%A0_La_Mecque_%C3%89crire_la_fitna_au_temps_des_ch%C3%A9rifs_hasanides_d%C3%A9but_IXe_XVe_si%C3%A8cle_">Panique à La Mecque. Écrire la fitna au temps des chérifs hasanides (début IXe/XVe siècle)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A partir de l'étude du chapitre 38 de l'ouvrage du savant mecquois al-Fâsî (m. 1429), Shîfâ' al-gharâm bi-akhbâr al-balad al-harâm, consacré à l'histoire du hajj, cet article tente d'identifier les modes de représentation du pouvoir... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7107347" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A partir de l'étude du chapitre 38 de l'ouvrage du savant mecquois al-Fâsî (m. 1429), Shîfâ' al-gharâm bi-akhbâr al-balad al-harâm, consacré à l'histoire du hajj, cet article tente d'identifier les modes de représentation du pouvoir mecquois dans l'oeuvre d'al-Fâsî. Il suggère que le récit récurrent des fitnas qui déchirèrent la cité sainte au moment du pèlerinage était une manière de <br />mieux en neutraliser les effets et les traces, à un moment où s'affirmait un nouveau pouvoir local fort, autour du chérif Hasan b. 'Ajlân.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7107347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9dae4f59db957525300db798a185341c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33749804,"asset_id":7107347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33749804/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="172232" href="https://unistra.academia.edu/EricVallet">Eric Vallet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="172232" type="text/json">{"id":172232,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Vallet","domain_name":"unistra","page_name":"EricVallet","display_name":"Eric Vallet","profile_url":"https://unistra.academia.edu/EricVallet?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/172232/43170/36664480/s65_eric.vallet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7107347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7107347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7107347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7107347", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7107347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7107347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7107347"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7107347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7107347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7107347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7107347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7107347").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7107347").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7107347"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2603" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History">Middle East History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2603" type="text/json">{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7107347]'), work: {"id":7107347,"title":"Panique à La Mecque. Écrire la fitna au temps des chérifs hasanides (début IXe/XVe siècle)","created_at":"2014-05-20T16:45:27.526-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7107347/Panique_%C3%A0_La_Mecque_%C3%89crire_la_fitna_au_temps_des_ch%C3%A9rifs_hasanides_d%C3%A9but_IXe_XVe_si%C3%A8cle_?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_7107347","summary":"A partir de l'étude du chapitre 38 de l'ouvrage du savant mecquois al-Fâsî (m. 1429), Shîfâ' al-gharâm bi-akhbâr al-balad al-harâm, consacré à l'histoire du hajj, cet article tente d'identifier les modes de représentation du pouvoir mecquois dans l'oeuvre d'al-Fâsî. Il suggère que le récit récurrent des fitnas qui déchirèrent la cité sainte au moment du pèlerinage était une manière de \r\nmieux en neutraliser les effets et les traces, à un moment où s'affirmait un nouveau pouvoir local fort, autour du chérif Hasan b. 'Ajlân.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33749804,"asset_id":7107347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":172232,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Vallet","domain_name":"unistra","page_name":"EricVallet","display_name":"Eric Vallet","profile_url":"https://unistra.academia.edu/EricVallet?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/172232/43170/36664480/s65_eric.vallet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=540"},{"id":3784,"name":"Pilgrimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage?f_ri=540"},{"id":6502,"name":"Mamluk Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mamluk_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":6739,"name":"Medieval Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam?f_ri=540"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":13992,"name":"Abbasid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abbasid_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":14288,"name":"History of the Islamic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Islamic_World?f_ri=540"},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=540"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=540"},{"id":16155,"name":"Mamluk History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mamluk_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":25118,"name":"Medieval Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":34414,"name":"Abbasids (Islamic History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abbasids_Islamic_History_?f_ri=540"},{"id":81894,"name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Ages?f_ri=540"},{"id":114733,"name":"Mecca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mecca?f_ri=540"},{"id":165257,"name":"Islamic Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Historiography?f_ri=540"},{"id":558958,"name":"Hajj Pilgrims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hajj_Pilgrims?f_ri=540"},{"id":735672,"name":"Arabic Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11818332 coauthored" data-work_id="11818332" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11818332/Secular_Law_in_an_Islamic_Polity_The_Ottoman_Case_European_Journal_of_Economic_and_Political_Studies">Secular Law in an Islamic Polity: The Ottoman Case, European Journal of Economic and Political Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this study is twofold. Firstly it puts that long before the foundation of Turkish Republic, the Ottoman sultans from the 18th century on gradually secularized their legal systems through transplanting Western codes and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11818332" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this study is twofold. Firstly it puts that long before the foundation of Turkish<br />Republic, the Ottoman sultans from the 18th century on gradually secularized their legal<br />systems through transplanting Western codes and institutions with the exception of<br />civil code. Secondly and more assertively it argues that this secularization process did<br />not evoke a serious struggle between the religious and political authorities as it did in<br />the West thanks to the political conventions and legal characteristics the Ottoman state<br />carried along from its very beginning on. Secularism began to pose serious problems<br />from the first years of Turkish Republic on when the Kemalist establishment set about<br />extending the area of legal secularism and turning it to an ideology which can be called<br />as ultrasecularism or Kemalist laïcité with an aim to socially engineer society in a topdown<br />fashion by legal instrumentalism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11818332" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c3b628b9cd12c29a4f2107083f86829" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37226294,"asset_id":11818332,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37226294/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122528" href="https://deakin.academia.edu/IhsanYilmaz">Ihsan Yilmaz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122528" type="text/json">{"id":122528,"first_name":"Ihsan","last_name":"Yilmaz","domain_name":"deakin","page_name":"IhsanYilmaz","display_name":"Ihsan Yilmaz","profile_url":"https://deakin.academia.edu/IhsanYilmaz?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122528/32760/15114869/s65_ihsan.yilmaz.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-11818332">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-11818332"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HuseyinGundogdu">Huseyin Gundogdu</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-11818332'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-11818332').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11818332 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11818332"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11818332, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11818332", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11818332 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11818332; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11818332"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11818332 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11818332"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11818332; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11818332]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11818332").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11818332").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11818332"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11818332]'), work: {"id":11818332,"title":"Secular Law in an Islamic Polity: The Ottoman Case, European Journal of Economic and Political Studies","created_at":"2015-04-06T15:33:47.667-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11818332/Secular_Law_in_an_Islamic_Polity_The_Ottoman_Case_European_Journal_of_Economic_and_Political_Studies?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_11818332","summary":"The aim of this study is twofold. Firstly it puts that long before the foundation of Turkish\nRepublic, the Ottoman sultans from the 18th century on gradually secularized their legal\nsystems through transplanting Western codes and institutions with the exception of\ncivil code. Secondly and more assertively it argues that this secularization process did\nnot evoke a serious struggle between the religious and political authorities as it did in\nthe West thanks to the political conventions and legal characteristics the Ottoman state\ncarried along from its very beginning on. Secularism began to pose serious problems\nfrom the first years of Turkish Republic on when the Kemalist establishment set about\nextending the area of legal secularism and turning it to an ideology which can be called\nas ultrasecularism or Kemalist laïcité with an aim to socially engineer society in a topdown\nfashion by legal instrumentalism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37226294,"asset_id":11818332,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122528,"first_name":"Ihsan","last_name":"Yilmaz","domain_name":"deakin","page_name":"IhsanYilmaz","display_name":"Ihsan Yilmaz","profile_url":"https://deakin.academia.edu/IhsanYilmaz?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122528/32760/15114869/s65_ihsan.yilmaz.jpg"},{"id":29244603,"first_name":"Huseyin","last_name":"Gundogdu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HuseyinGundogdu","display_name":"Huseyin Gundogdu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HuseyinGundogdu?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29244603/10891482/12154656/s65_huseyin.gundogdu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=540"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4061037" data-work_id="4061037" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4061037/Sovereignty_and_Subordination_in_Crimean_Ottoman_Relations_Sixteenth_Eighteenth_Centuries_">Sovereignty and Subordination in Crimean-Ottoman Relations (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4061037" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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data-has-card-for-user="399547" href="https://uw.academia.edu/NataliaKrolikowska">Natalia Krolikowska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="399547" type="text/json">{"id":399547,"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Krolikowska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"NataliaKrolikowska","display_name":"Natalia Krolikowska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/NataliaKrolikowska?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/399547/124828/144659/s65_natalia.krolikowska.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4061037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4061037"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4061037, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4061037", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4061037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4061037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4061037"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4061037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4061037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4061037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4061037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4061037").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4061037").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4061037"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6034" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mongolian_Studies">Mongolian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6034" type="text/json">{"id":6034,"name":"Mongolian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mongolian_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies">Ottoman Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8122" type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4061037]'), work: {"id":4061037,"title":"Sovereignty and Subordination in Crimean-Ottoman Relations (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries)","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:05:11.825-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4061037/Sovereignty_and_Subordination_in_Crimean_Ottoman_Relations_Sixteenth_Eighteenth_Centuries_?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_4061037","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31593123,"asset_id":4061037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":399547,"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Krolikowska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"NataliaKrolikowska","display_name":"Natalia Krolikowska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/NataliaKrolikowska?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/399547/124828/144659/s65_natalia.krolikowska.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":6034,"name":"Mongolian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mongolian_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":27236,"name":"Crimean Tatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crimean_Tatar?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40752300" data-work_id="40752300" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40752300/H%C4%B0KMET_YURDU_Cilt_10_Say%C4%B1_20_2017_2">HİKMET YURDU, Cilt: 10, Sayı: 20, 2017/2</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40752300" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c1ff5af471823c8e88a7cf81add045f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61033725,"asset_id":40752300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61033725/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33223043" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HikmetYurdu">Hikmet Yurdu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33223043" type="text/json">{"id":33223043,"first_name":"Hikmet","last_name":"Yurdu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HikmetYurdu","display_name":"Hikmet Yurdu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HikmetYurdu?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33223043/9846196/10974021/s65_hikmet.yurdu.jpg_oh_7cfce7e4afb82cf30318d33a2aa19a3f_oe_56472ca9___gda___1448051264_91d583fb26c71744e7ab33f5cb84795d"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40752300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40752300"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40752300, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40752300", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40752300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40752300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40752300"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40752300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40752300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40752300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40752300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40752300").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40752300").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40752300"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Philosophy">Islamic Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5674" type="text/json">{"id":5674,"name":"Islamic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Philosophy?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam">Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15866" type="text/json">{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40752300]'), work: {"id":40752300,"title":"HİKMET YURDU, Cilt: 10, Sayı: 20, 2017/2","created_at":"2019-10-27T06:02:22.296-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40752300/H%C4%B0KMET_YURDU_Cilt_10_Say%C4%B1_20_2017_2?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_40752300","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61033725,"asset_id":40752300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33223043,"first_name":"Hikmet","last_name":"Yurdu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HikmetYurdu","display_name":"Hikmet Yurdu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HikmetYurdu?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33223043/9846196/10974021/s65_hikmet.yurdu.jpg_oh_7cfce7e4afb82cf30318d33a2aa19a3f_oe_56472ca9___gda___1448051264_91d583fb26c71744e7ab33f5cb84795d"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":5674,"name":"Islamic 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36994097" data-work_id="36994097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36994097/The_Bible_The_Quran_and_Science_By_DR_Maurice_Bucaille">The Bible The Quran and Science By DR. Maurice Bucaille</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In his objective study of the texts, Maurice Bucaille clears' away many preconceived ideas about the Old Testament, the Gospels and the Quran. He tries, in this collection of Writings, to separate what belongs to Revelation from what is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36994097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In his objective study of the texts, Maurice Bucaille clears' away many preconceived ideas about the Old Testament, the Gospels and the Quran. He tries, in this collection of Writings, to separate what belongs to Revelation from what is the product of error or human interpretation. <br /><br /> His study sheds new light on the Holy Scriptures. At the end of a gripping account, he places the Believer before a point of cardinal importance: the continuity of a Revelation emanating from the same God, with modes of expression that differ in the course of time. It leads us to meditate upon those factors which, in our day, should spiritually unite rather than divide-Jews, Christians and Muslims.<br /><br />As a surgeon, Maurice Bucaille has often been in a situation where he was able to examine not only people's bodies, but their souls. This is how he was struck by the existence of Muslim piety and by aspects of Islam which remain unknown to the vast majority of non-Muslims. In his search for explanations which are otherwise difficult to obtain, he learnt Arabic and studied the Quran. In it, he was surprised to find statements on natural phenomena whose meaning can only be understood through modern scientific knowledge.<br /><br />He then turned to the question of the authenticity of the writings that constitute the Holy Scriptures of the monotheistic religions. Finally, in the case of the Bible, he proceeded to a confrontation between these writings and scientific data.<br /><br />The results of his research into the Judeo-Christian Revelation and the Quran are set out in this book.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36994097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92a2a105ad09c5a50b7a4bd805f4513a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56943079,"asset_id":36994097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56943079/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24830359" href="https://cairo.academia.edu/ProfAsik">Abubakar Surajo Ibrahim Kirare</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24830359" type="text/json">{"id":24830359,"first_name":"Abubakar","last_name":"Surajo Ibrahim Kirare","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"ProfAsik","display_name":"Abubakar Surajo Ibrahim Kirare","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/ProfAsik?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24830359/8984527/39255908/s65_abubakar.surajo_ibrahim_kirare.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36994097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36994097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36994097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36994097", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36994097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36994097").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36994097").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36994097"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">38</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36994097]'), work: {"id":36994097,"title":"The Bible The Quran and Science By DR. Maurice Bucaille","created_at":"2018-07-06T08:54:12.527-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36994097/The_Bible_The_Quran_and_Science_By_DR_Maurice_Bucaille?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_36994097","summary":"In his objective study of the texts, Maurice Bucaille clears' away many preconceived ideas about the Old Testament, the Gospels and the Quran. He tries, in this collection of Writings, to separate what belongs to Revelation from what is the product of error or human interpretation. \n\n His study sheds new light on the Holy Scriptures. At the end of a gripping account, he places the Believer before a point of cardinal importance: the continuity of a Revelation emanating from the same God, with modes of expression that differ in the course of time. It leads us to meditate upon those factors which, in our day, should spiritually unite rather than divide-Jews, Christians and Muslims.\n\nAs a surgeon, Maurice Bucaille has often been in a situation where he was able to examine not only people's bodies, but their souls. This is how he was struck by the existence of Muslim piety and by aspects of Islam which remain unknown to the vast majority of non-Muslims. In his search for explanations which are otherwise difficult to obtain, he learnt Arabic and studied the Quran. In it, he was surprised to find statements on natural phenomena whose meaning can only be understood through modern scientific knowledge.\n\nHe then turned to the question of the authenticity of the writings that constitute the Holy Scriptures of the monotheistic religions. Finally, in the case of the Bible, he proceeded to a confrontation between these writings and scientific data.\n\nThe results of his research into the Judeo-Christian Revelation and the Quran are set out in this book.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56943079,"asset_id":36994097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24830359,"first_name":"Abubakar","last_name":"Surajo Ibrahim Kirare","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"ProfAsik","display_name":"Abubakar Surajo Ibrahim Kirare","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/ProfAsik?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24830359/8984527/39255908/s65_abubakar.surajo_ibrahim_kirare.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=540"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=540"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=540"},{"id":2063,"name":"Hebrew Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Language?f_ri=540"},{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=540"},{"id":4173,"name":"Hebrew Bible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible?f_ri=540"},{"id":5326,"name":"Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity?f_ri=540"},{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":6586,"name":"Bible Translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bible_Translation?f_ri=540"},{"id":6870,"name":"Gospels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gospels?f_ri=540"},{"id":7434,"name":"Synoptic Gospels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synoptic_Gospels?f_ri=540"},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=540"},{"id":9882,"name":"History Of The Bible/Biblical Canon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_The_Bible_Biblical_Canon?f_ri=540"},{"id":10946,"name":"Biblical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Theology?f_ri=540"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=540"},{"id":26305,"name":"Bible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bible?f_ri=540"},{"id":28495,"name":"Islam and Christianity: relations and exchange of ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_and_Christianity_relations_and_exchange_of_ideas?f_ri=540"},{"id":32065,"name":"Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible_and_Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=540"},{"id":33314,"name":"Torah/Pentateuch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torah_Pentateuch?f_ri=540"},{"id":40785,"name":"Biblical Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Exegesis?f_ri=540"},{"id":46362,"name":"Gospel of John","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gospel_of_John?f_ri=540"},{"id":94860,"name":"Islam and Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_and_Christianity?f_ri=540"},{"id":145979,"name":"Prophets of the Hebrew Bible/\"Old Testament\"","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prophets_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_Old_Testament_?f_ri=540"},{"id":164590,"name":"Torah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torah?f_ri=540"},{"id":445280,"name":"Hebrew Bible/Old Testament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible_Old_Testament?f_ri=540"},{"id":593699,"name":"The Synoptic Gospels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Synoptic_Gospels?f_ri=540"},{"id":636986,"name":"Torah Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torah_Study?f_ri=540"},{"id":747207,"name":"Prefaces to the Gospels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefaces_to_the_Gospels?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223708,"name":"Qur'anic and Hadith sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Hadith_sciences?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223710,"name":"Muslim philosophy and thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_philosophy_and_thought?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73576195" data-work_id="73576195" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73576195/The_Hanafis">The Hanafis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although Hanafism historically was, and remains, the largest school of legio-ritual thought (madhhab) in Islam by number of followers, it has not garnered as much attention in the occidental academe as it's lesser adhered to counterpart... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73576195" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although Hanafism historically was, and remains, the largest school of legio-ritual thought (madhhab) in Islam by number of followers, it has not garnered as much attention in the occidental academe as it's lesser adhered to counterpart Sunni schools of thought.  Amongst contemporary Hanafis there is a debate, which recently emerged about what actually was the ‘true’ early Hanafi legal theory (usul al-fiqh) that was espoused by the eponymous Abu Hanifa (699-767 C.E). A pair of British Hanafis wrote Hanafi Principles of Testing Hadith to repudiate contemporaneous Hanafis who allegedly adopted hadith criticism methods from the Shafi’i school (Shukurov 2015). Meanwhile, the accused textualist Ḥanafīs said regarding the book Hanafi Principles of Testing Hadith, “The only thing worthwhile in the book is its binding and the quality of paper used” (Cheema 2016). These polemics are both engaging in ritual critique demonstrating not only the heterogeneity of Hanafism but also how a legio-ritual school in Islam is a series on continuing debates between various Muslim scholars. Hanafism emerged out of early debates between, the Ahl al-Hadith (AH) and the Ahl al-Ra`y (AR). Abu Hanifa, like his teachers, was from the Kufan camp of the AR. This historiographical secondary literature review aims to give a broad history of the madhhab from its inception to contemporary times with an emphasis on ritual theory, ritual practice, the various strains of Hanafi doctrine, and their genealogies. In the terms of ritual studies, ritual theory is the “myth,” or way of explaining why the ritual practice should take place (Dudgeon 2019, 90-92).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73576195" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b7df691e5ea8f360360724141b52d8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99137674,"asset_id":73576195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99137674/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51678501" href="https://emory.academia.edu/HamzaDudgeon">Hamza Dudgeon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51678501" type="text/json">{"id":51678501,"first_name":"Hamza","last_name":"Dudgeon","domain_name":"emory","page_name":"HamzaDudgeon","display_name":"Hamza Dudgeon","profile_url":"https://emory.academia.edu/HamzaDudgeon?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51678501/17779116/83650225/s65_hamza.dudgeon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73576195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73576195"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73576195, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73576195", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73576195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73576195; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73576195"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73576195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73576195"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73576195; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73576195]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73576195").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73576195").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73576195"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7197" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_China">Islam in China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7197" type="text/json">{"id":7197,"name":"Islam in China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_China?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15799" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies">Hadith Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15799" type="text/json">{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73576195]'), work: {"id":73576195,"title":"The Hanafis","created_at":"2022-03-11T21:11:01.464-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73576195/The_Hanafis?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_73576195","summary":"Although Hanafism historically was, and remains, the largest school of legio-ritual thought (madhhab) in Islam by number of followers, it has not garnered as much attention in the occidental academe as it's lesser adhered to counterpart Sunni schools of thought. Amongst contemporary Hanafis there is a debate, which recently emerged about what actually was the ‘true’ early Hanafi legal theory (usul al-fiqh) that was espoused by the eponymous Abu Hanifa (699-767 C.E). A pair of British Hanafis wrote Hanafi Principles of Testing Hadith to repudiate contemporaneous Hanafis who allegedly adopted hadith criticism methods from the Shafi’i school (Shukurov 2015). Meanwhile, the accused textualist Ḥanafīs said regarding the book Hanafi Principles of Testing Hadith, “The only thing worthwhile in the book is its binding and the quality of paper used” (Cheema 2016). These polemics are both engaging in ritual critique demonstrating not only the heterogeneity of Hanafism but also how a legio-ritual school in Islam is a series on continuing debates between various Muslim scholars. Hanafism emerged out of early debates between, the Ahl al-Hadith (AH) and the Ahl al-Ra`y (AR). Abu Hanifa, like his teachers, was from the Kufan camp of the AR. This historiographical secondary literature review aims to give a broad history of the madhhab from its inception to contemporary times with an emphasis on ritual theory, ritual practice, the various strains of Hanafi doctrine, and their genealogies. In the terms of ritual studies, ritual theory is the “myth,” or way of explaining why the ritual practice should take place (Dudgeon 2019, 90-92).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99137674,"asset_id":73576195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51678501,"first_name":"Hamza","last_name":"Dudgeon","domain_name":"emory","page_name":"HamzaDudgeon","display_name":"Hamza Dudgeon","profile_url":"https://emory.academia.edu/HamzaDudgeon?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51678501/17779116/83650225/s65_hamza.dudgeon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":7197,"name":"Islam in China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_China?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":21209,"name":"Islam in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_India?f_ri=540"},{"id":21360,"name":"Somalia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somalia?f_ri=540"},{"id":30831,"name":"Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_?f_ri=540"},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":88028,"name":"Early Hanafis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hanafis?f_ri=540"},{"id":88034,"name":"Al-Maturidi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Maturidi?f_ri=540"},{"id":93304,"name":"Usul al Fiqh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usul_al_Fiqh?f_ri=540"},{"id":110911,"name":"Somali studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somali_studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":230355,"name":"Maturidism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maturidism?f_ri=540"},{"id":238214,"name":"Mihna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mihna?f_ri=540"},{"id":314293,"name":"al-Maturidiyya: Hanafita Kalam School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/al-Maturidiyya_Hanafita_Kalam_School?f_ri=540"},{"id":320714,"name":"Hanafism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hanafism?f_ri=540"},{"id":320715,"name":"Abu Hanifah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abu_Hanifah?f_ri=540"},{"id":577696,"name":"Hanafi jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hanafi_jurisprudence?f_ri=540"},{"id":2013908,"name":"Mecelle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mecelle?f_ri=540"},{"id":2051081,"name":"Hanafı Usul al-Fıqh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hanaf%C4%B1_Usul_al-F%C4%B1qh?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2550552" data-work_id="2550552" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2550552/_Eschatology_History_and_the_Common_Link_A_Study_in_Methodology_in_Herbert_Berg_ed_Method_and_Theory_in_the_Study_of_Islamic_Origins_Leiden_2003_179_208">"Eschatology, History, and the Common Link: A Study in Methodology", in: Herbert Berg (ed.), Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins, Leiden 2003, 179-208</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2550552" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="220f22682d67fc74dc966ab3de527a9a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31111523,"asset_id":2550552,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31111523/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1950450" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AndreasGoerke">Andreas Goerke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1950450" type="text/json">{"id":1950450,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Goerke","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"AndreasGoerke","display_name":"Andreas Goerke","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AndreasGoerke?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1950450/874007/15036454/s65_andreas.goerke.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2550552 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2550552"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2550552, 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2550552]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2550552").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2550552").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2550552"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1270" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Literature">Arabic Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1270" type="text/json">{"id":1270,"name":"Arabic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Literature?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7992" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eschatology_and_Apocalypticism">Eschatology and Apocalypticism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7992" type="text/json">{"id":7992,"name":"Eschatology and Apocalypticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eschatology_and_Apocalypticism?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2550552]'), work: {"id":2550552,"title":"\"Eschatology, History, and the Common Link: A Study in Methodology\", in: Herbert Berg (ed.), Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins, Leiden 2003, 179-208","created_at":"2013-02-10T22:01:44.720-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2550552/_Eschatology_History_and_the_Common_Link_A_Study_in_Methodology_in_Herbert_Berg_ed_Method_and_Theory_in_the_Study_of_Islamic_Origins_Leiden_2003_179_208?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_2550552","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31111523,"asset_id":2550552,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1950450,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Goerke","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"AndreasGoerke","display_name":"Andreas Goerke","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AndreasGoerke?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1950450/874007/15036454/s65_andreas.goerke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":1270,"name":"Arabic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Literature?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":7992,"name":"Eschatology and Apocalypticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eschatology_and_Apocalypticism?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":10939,"name":"Apocalyptic Eschatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apocalyptic_Eschatology?f_ri=540"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":14578,"name":"Method and Theory in the Study of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method_and_Theory_in_the_Study_of_Religion?f_ri=540"},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=540"},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=540"},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":116844,"name":"Qur'an","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran-3?f_ri=540"},{"id":165257,"name":"Islamic Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Historiography?f_ri=540"},{"id":250021,"name":"Biography of the Prophet Muhammad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad?f_ri=540"},{"id":362095,"name":"Common Link Based Isnad-Matn Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Common_Link_Based_Isnad-Matn_Analysis?f_ri=540"},{"id":474553,"name":"Islamic Origins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Origins?f_ri=540"},{"id":1019143,"name":"The Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Hadith?f_ri=540"},{"id":1019145,"name":"Koran \u0026 Koran Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Koran_and_Koran_Exegesis?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37571955" data-work_id="37571955" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37571955/%C4%B0slam_D%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCnce_Atlas%C4%B1_Deb%C3%BBs%C3%AE">İslam Düşünce Atlası- Debûsî</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on "the duty to promote the success of the company. Tags: Companies Act 2006 model articles, Companies Act 2006 summary companies act... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4550919" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on "the duty to promote the success of the company. <br /> <br />Tags: <br />Companies Act 2006 model articles, Companies Act 2006 summary <br />companies act 2006 pdf <br />companies act 2006 model articles <br />companies act 2006 regulations 2013 <br />Companies Act 2006 UK <br />UK Companies Act 2006</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4550919" data-share-source="work_strip" 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2006","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Companies_Act_2006?f_ri=540"},{"id":1197942,"name":"Social Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science?f_ri=540"},{"id":1490464,"name":"Directors' Duties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Directors_Duties-1?f_ri=540"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36930724" data-work_id="36930724" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36930724/The_implications_of_unbelief_Tracing_the_emergence_of_distinctively_Shi%CA%BFi_notions_regarding_the_food_and_impurity_of_non_Muslims">The implications of unbelief: Tracing the emergence of distinctively Shiʿi notions regarding the food and impurity of non-Muslims</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The distinctively Shiʿi conception of non-Muslims as bearers of a contagious form of impurity emerges gradually, reaching its classical form only in the 5th/11th century. Contrary to common scholarly presumptions, Q. 9.28 does not... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36930724" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The distinctively Shiʿi conception of non-Muslims as bearers of a contagious form of impurity emerges gradually, reaching its classical form only in the 5th/11th century. Contrary to common scholarly presumptions, Q. 9.28 does not constitute the point of origin for this conception but rather serves as retroactive justification for its validity. This essay utilizes ḥadīth collections and works of law from the 2nd/8th through 5th/11th centuries to trace the emergence of Shiʿi notions regarding the impurity of non-Muslims and the parallel emergence of distinctively Shiʿi norms regarding the meat of animals slaughtered by non-Muslims. It concludes by suggesting that the differences between Sunni and Shiʿi notions regarding the food and impurity of non-Muslims reflect the different ways in which Sunnis and Shiʿi conceive of the Islamic community itself.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36930724" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e229c05c82a343077b6b7386846c148e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56880900,"asset_id":36930724,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56880900/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56816952" href="https://colby.academia.edu/DavidFreidenreich">David Freidenreich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56816952" type="text/json">{"id":56816952,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Freidenreich","domain_name":"colby","page_name":"DavidFreidenreich","display_name":"David Freidenreich","profile_url":"https://colby.academia.edu/DavidFreidenreich?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56816952/19970236/19761905/s65_david.freidenreich.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36930724 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36930724"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36930724, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36930724", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36930724]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36930724").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36930724").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36930724"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Studies">Food Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43678" type="text/json">{"id":43678,"name":"Food Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55325" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish-Christian-Muslim_relations_in_the_Middle_Ages">Jewish-Christian-Muslim relations in the Middle Ages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55325" type="text/json">{"id":55325,"name":"Jewish-Christian-Muslim relations in the Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish-Christian-Muslim_relations_in_the_Middle_Ages?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146740" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impurity">Impurity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="146740" type="text/json">{"id":146740,"name":"Impurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impurity?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36930724]'), work: {"id":36930724,"title":"The implications of unbelief: Tracing the emergence of distinctively Shiʿi notions regarding the food and impurity of non-Muslims","created_at":"2018-06-27T13:48:33.222-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36930724/The_implications_of_unbelief_Tracing_the_emergence_of_distinctively_Shi%CA%BFi_notions_regarding_the_food_and_impurity_of_non_Muslims?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_36930724","summary":"The distinctively Shiʿi conception of non-Muslims as bearers of a contagious form of impurity emerges gradually, reaching its classical form only in the 5th/11th century. Contrary to common scholarly presumptions, Q. 9.28 does not constitute the point of origin for this conception but rather serves as retroactive justification for its validity. This essay utilizes ḥadīth collections and works of law from the 2nd/8th through 5th/11th centuries to trace the emergence of Shiʿi notions regarding the impurity of non-Muslims and the parallel emergence of distinctively Shiʿi norms regarding the meat of animals slaughtered by non-Muslims. It concludes by suggesting that the differences between Sunni and Shiʿi notions regarding the food and impurity of non-Muslims reflect the different ways in which Sunnis and Shiʿi conceive of the Islamic community itself.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56880900,"asset_id":36930724,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56816952,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Freidenreich","domain_name":"colby","page_name":"DavidFreidenreich","display_name":"David Freidenreich","profile_url":"https://colby.academia.edu/DavidFreidenreich?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56816952/19970236/19761905/s65_david.freidenreich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":43678,"name":"Food Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":55325,"name":"Jewish-Christian-Muslim relations in the Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish-Christian-Muslim_relations_in_the_Middle_Ages?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":146740,"name":"Impurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impurity?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":479337,"name":"Shiism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shiism-2?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7025305" data-work_id="7025305" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7025305/Islam_as_an_Ethical_Tradition_of_International_Relations">Islam as an Ethical Tradition of International Relations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The paper discusses the role that Islamic values can play in articulating Islam as an ethical tradition that can shape the international relations.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7025305" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35d418e64d7dc01279fecaf3b21ddfb5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33683063,"asset_id":7025305,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33683063/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3388" href="https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan">Muqtedar Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3388" type="text/json">{"id":3388,"first_name":"Muqtedar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"MuqtedarKhan","display_name":"Muqtedar Khan","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3388/1418/93215313/s65_muqtedar.khan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7025305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7025305"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7025305, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7025305", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7025305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7025305; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7025305"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7025305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7025305"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7025305; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7025305]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7025305").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7025305").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7025305"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">145</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements">New Religious Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120" type="text/json">{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7025305]'), work: {"id":7025305,"title":"Islam as an Ethical Tradition of International Relations","created_at":"2014-05-12T14:08:31.459-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7025305/Islam_as_an_Ethical_Tradition_of_International_Relations?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_7025305","summary":"The paper discusses the role that Islamic values can play in articulating Islam as an ethical tradition that can shape the international relations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33683063,"asset_id":7025305,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3388,"first_name":"Muqtedar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"MuqtedarKhan","display_name":"Muqtedar Khan","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3388/1418/93215313/s65_muqtedar.khan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=540"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=540"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=540"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=540"},{"id":211,"name":"Sociology of Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Culture?f_ri=540"},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=540"},{"id":378,"name":"Area Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":736,"name":"Islamic Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics?f_ri=540"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=540"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=540"},{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=540"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=540"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=540"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=540"},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=540"},{"id":904,"name":"Normative Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normative_Ethics?f_ri=540"},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=540"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=540"},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=540"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=540"},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=540"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=540"},{"id":1271,"name":"Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=540"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=540"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=540"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=540"},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=540"},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":2397,"name":"Religious Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Education?f_ri=540"},{"id":2504,"name":"Research Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Ethics?f_ri=540"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=540"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=540"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=540"},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=540"},{"id":2604,"name":"Israel Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=540"},{"id":3291,"name":"History and Classical tradition studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Classical_tradition_studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=540"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=540"},{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance?f_ri=540"},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=540"},{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=540"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=540"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=540"},{"id":4565,"name":"Law and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Religion?f_ri=540"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=540"},{"id":4979,"name":"Islamic Contemporary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies?f_ri=540"},{"id":4986,"name":"Public Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Relations?f_ri=540"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity 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jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_law_and_jurisprudence-1?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223710,"name":"Muslim philosophy and thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_philosophy_and_thought?f_ri=540"},{"id":1223711,"name":"Contemporary Muslim society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Muslim_society?f_ri=540"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8817976" data-work_id="8817976" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8817976/Female_genital_mutilation_FGM_and_male_circumcision_Should_there_be_a_separate_ethical_discourse">Female genital mutilation (FGM) and male circumcision: Should there be a separate ethical discourse?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is sometimes argued that the non-therapeutic, non-consensual alteration of children’s genitals should be discussed in two separate ethical discourses: one for girls (in which such alterations should be termed ‘female genital... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8817976" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is sometimes argued that the non-therapeutic, non-consensual alteration of children’s genitals should be discussed in two separate ethical discourses: one for girls (in which such alterations should be termed ‘female genital mutilation’ or FGM), and one for boys (in which such alterations should be termed ‘male circumcision’). In this article, I call into question the moral and empirical basis for such a distinction, and argue that all children—whether female, male, or intersex—should be free from having parts of their genitals removed unless there is a pressing medical indication.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8817976" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d96813867a798e8e0ab3cbe2646d578e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47841915,"asset_id":8817976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47841915/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="377433" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/BrianDEarp">Brian D . 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Wansbrough and the Problem of Islamic Origins in Recent Scholarship: A Farewell to the Traditional Account [2012] / Book Chapter</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1534641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1727e1f9fa46c069df67d8240b34a6f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12707707,"asset_id":1534641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12707707/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="394782" href="https://slu.academia.edu/CarlosSegovia">Carlos Segovia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="394782" type="text/json">{"id":394782,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Segovia","domain_name":"slu","page_name":"CarlosSegovia","display_name":"Carlos Segovia","profile_url":"https://slu.academia.edu/CarlosSegovia?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/394782/578537/153946041/s65_carlos.segovia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1534641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1534641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1534641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1534641", }); 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The notes are from the chapters related to worship. The notes are based on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44553010" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">These are my notes on the Hanbali fiqh text Akhsar al-Mukhtasarat, which is one of the fundamental books studied by Hanbalis in the beginning of their studies. The notes are from the chapters related to worship. The notes are based on the explanation of Sh. Yusuf ibn Sadiq al-Hanbali from Egypt.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44553010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="645efbc21912f699a01c47907531bc84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65003234,"asset_id":44553010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65003234/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32382486" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RameezAbid">Rameez Abid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32382486" type="text/json">{"id":32382486,"first_name":"Rameez","last_name":"Abid","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"RameezAbid","display_name":"Rameez Abid","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RameezAbid?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32382486/11094864/37642720/s65_rameez.abid.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44553010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44553010"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44553010, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44553010", }); 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The notes are from the chapters related to worship. The notes are based on the explanation of Sh. Yusuf ibn Sadiq al-Hanbali from Egypt.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65003234,"asset_id":44553010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32382486,"first_name":"Rameez","last_name":"Abid","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"RameezAbid","display_name":"Rameez Abid","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RameezAbid?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32382486/11094864/37642720/s65_rameez.abid.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":30600,"name":"Islamic Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Jurisprudence?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":88031,"name":"Hanbali 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Sexual Assault Laws in Islamic States: A Comparison of Tunisia and Pakistan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27401321" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8bdfd9e48075f8b366b57dd46cfb823" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47656410,"asset_id":27401321,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law">International Human Rights Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5321" type="text/json">{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5551" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Law">Immigration Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5551" type="text/json">{"id":5551,"name":"Immigration Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27401321]'), work: {"id":27401321,"title":"Reforming Sexual Assault Laws in Islamic States: A Comparison of Tunisia and 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2282426/Ijtihad_as_Activism_Human_Rights_Women_s_Rights_and_the_Shari_a">Ijtihad as Activism: Human Rights, Women’s Rights, and the Shari’a</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2282426" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f0c86ef12e277ddd8d337fd9ffcd605" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30331907,"asset_id":2282426,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_feminism">Islamic feminism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16802" type="text/json">{"id":16802,"name":"Islamic feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_feminism?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2282426]'), work: {"id":2282426,"title":"Ijtihad as Activism: Human Rights, Women’s Rights, and the Shari’a","created_at":"2012-12-12T07:07:33.908-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2282426/Ijtihad_as_Activism_Human_Rights_Women_s_Rights_and_the_Shari_a?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_2282426","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30331907,"asset_id":2282426,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":972586,"first_name":"Ayodeji","last_name":"Perrin","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"AyodejiPerrin","display_name":"Ayodeji 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38799633/Ahmet_Akman_Eski_Vak%C4%B1flar_Hukuku_ve_%C4%B0daresi">Ahmet Akman Eski Vakıflar Hukuku ve İdaresi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38799633" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a949e5b6d79ca25d460ae3093f1e01be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58890498,"asset_id":38799633,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button 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window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38799633"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38799633 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38799633"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38799633; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38799633]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38799633").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38799633").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38799633"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38799633]'), work: {"id":38799633,"title":"Ahmet Akman Eski Vakıflar Hukuku ve 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u-mb0x js-work-card work_36817012" data-work_id="36817012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36817012/_Whoever_Imitates_a_People_Becomes_One_of_Them_A_Hadith_and_its_Interpreters">" Whoever Imitates a People Becomes One of Them " : A Hadith and its Interpreters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the canonization of the Prophetic hadith, " Whoever imitates a people becomes one of them, " which became the keynote expression of tashabbuh (reprehensible imitation), a Sunni doctrine commonly invoked by religious... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36817012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the canonization of the Prophetic hadith, " Whoever imitates a people becomes one of them, " which became the keynote expression of tashabbuh (reprehensible imitation), a Sunni doctrine commonly invoked by religious authorities to distinguish Muslims from non-Muslims. First, I analyze how the Partisans of Hadith transmitted and classified the hadith, highlighting the pivotal role of Abū Dāwūd (d. 275/889) in canonizing the tradition. I then trace the divergent trajectories of its interpretation over time, especially the glosses of two brilliant Damascenes: Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) and Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī (d. 1061/1651). This study draws not only from hadith commentaries but also from treatises on law, ethics, and Sufism, illustrating how hadith interpretation takes place in multiple Islamic literary genres. A detailed appendix catalogues the collections of hadith that transmit the tradition; compares different narrations in order to date and locate its circulation; and visually maps its isnād networks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36817012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="94ac7caa385d2af3d308267e30d21712" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57815526,"asset_id":36817012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57815526/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4745" href="https://lafayette.academia.edu/YoushaaPatel">Youshaa Patel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4745" type="text/json">{"id":4745,"first_name":"Youshaa","last_name":"Patel","domain_name":"lafayette","page_name":"YoushaaPatel","display_name":"Youshaa Patel","profile_url":"https://lafayette.academia.edu/YoushaaPatel?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4745/10085647/11252289/s65_youshaa.patel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36817012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36817012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36817012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36817012", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36817012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36817012").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36817012").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36817012"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15799" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies">Hadith Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15799" type="text/json">{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80338" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="80338" type="text/json">{"id":80338,"name":"Ibn Taymiyya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Taymiyya?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100936" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitation">Imitation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="100936" type="text/json">{"id":100936,"name":"Imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitation?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36817012]'), work: {"id":36817012,"title":"\" Whoever Imitates a People Becomes One of Them \" : A Hadith and its Interpreters","created_at":"2018-06-10T13:11:05.829-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36817012/_Whoever_Imitates_a_People_Becomes_One_of_Them_A_Hadith_and_its_Interpreters?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_36817012","summary":"This article examines the canonization of the Prophetic hadith, \" Whoever imitates a people becomes one of them, \" which became the keynote expression of tashabbuh (reprehensible imitation), a Sunni doctrine commonly invoked by religious authorities to distinguish Muslims from non-Muslims. First, I analyze how the Partisans of Hadith transmitted and classified the hadith, highlighting the pivotal role of Abū Dāwūd (d. 275/889) in canonizing the tradition. I then trace the divergent trajectories of its interpretation over time, especially the glosses of two brilliant Damascenes: Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) and Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī (d. 1061/1651). This study draws not only from hadith commentaries but also from treatises on law, ethics, and Sufism, illustrating how hadith interpretation takes place in multiple Islamic literary genres. A detailed appendix catalogues the collections of hadith that transmit the tradition; compares different narrations in order to date and locate its circulation; and visually maps its isnād networks.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57815526,"asset_id":36817012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4745,"first_name":"Youshaa","last_name":"Patel","domain_name":"lafayette","page_name":"YoushaaPatel","display_name":"Youshaa Patel","profile_url":"https://lafayette.academia.edu/YoushaaPatel?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4745/10085647/11252289/s65_youshaa.patel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":80338,"name":"Ibn Taymiyya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Taymiyya?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":100936,"name":"Imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitation?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":360640,"name":"Inter-religious Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inter-religious_Relations?f_ri=540"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33736567" data-work_id="33736567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33736567/Hristiyan_Bat%C4%B1_K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BCn%C3%BCn_Ana_Kayna%C4%9F%C4%B1_K%C4%B0T%C3%82B_I_MUKADDESE_Kutsall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_%C3%9Czerine_%C5%9Eaban_Kuzgun_Hoca">Hristiyan Batı Kültürünün Ana Kaynağı KİTÂB-I MUKADDESE Kutsallığı Üzerine / Şaban Kuzgun Hoca</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33736567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15b0a994fccd7ca28a0ec7828bd47e88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53730566,"asset_id":33736567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53730566/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12117599" href="https://uludag.academia.edu/Sev%C3%A2d%C3%BClAzam">Sevâdül A'zam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12117599" type="text/json">{"id":12117599,"first_name":"Sevâdül","last_name":"A'zam","domain_name":"uludag","page_name":"SevâdülAzam","display_name":"Sevâdül A'zam","profile_url":"https://uludag.academia.edu/Sev%C3%A2d%C3%BClAzam?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12117599/3983651/16775461/s65_sev_d_l.a_zam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33736567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33736567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33736567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33736567", }); 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Hele buna İcmâ’ı eklerseniz, söylenilebilecek hiçbir... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13226857" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hakîkatte, şu makâle sâhibi tarafından da i’tiraf edildiği gibi, otuz küsûr Sahâbî’den yüz yetmiş küsûr rivâyetle gelen bir husûsun îmân eden akıllı kimseye göre tartışılır yanı olamaz. Hele buna İcmâ’ı eklerseniz, söylenilebilecek hiçbir şey kalmaz. Lâkin, îmân mevzûudur; tartışma götürmez, deyip saçma ve hezeyanlarına toz kondurmayan şarkıyyâtçı Hristiyanların ihdâs ettikleri -kesin îmân düstûrları da dâhil- istisnâsız İslâmî her mes’lede aslolan uydurma olmaktır, şeklindeki bilimsel dogma artık onların içimizdeki şâkirdlerince yeni bir îmân esâsı hâlini aldı. Nihâyet bu peşin ithâmın anaforundan kurtulmanız için sebebler âlemi size yetmeyecek kadar dardır. Vesvese bile olamayacak sebebler ileri sürülerek fâhişelik töhmetiyle yüzü kara edilmek istenen iffet âbidesi bir genç kıza, hadi fâhişe olmadığını isbât et, denildikten sonra, onun, töhmet dayanaklarına nisbetle yerden arş kadar yüksek olan hüccetlerinin bile yeterli delîl kabûl edilmediğini görüyoruz…</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13226857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="943f404306cc065c6913c07460aeaef2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37986612,"asset_id":13226857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37986612/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12117599" href="https://uludag.academia.edu/Sev%C3%A2d%C3%BClAzam">Sevâdül A'zam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12117599" type="text/json">{"id":12117599,"first_name":"Sevâdül","last_name":"A'zam","domain_name":"uludag","page_name":"SevâdülAzam","display_name":"Sevâdül A'zam","profile_url":"https://uludag.academia.edu/Sev%C3%A2d%C3%BClAzam?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12117599/3983651/16775461/s65_sev_d_l.a_zam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13226857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13226857"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13226857, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13226857", }); 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Hele buna İcmâ’ı eklerseniz, söylenilebilecek hiçbir şey kalmaz. Lâkin, îmân mevzûudur; tartışma götürmez, deyip saçma ve hezeyanlarına toz kondurmayan şarkıyyâtçı Hristiyanların ihdâs ettikleri -kesin îmân düstûrları da dâhil- istisnâsız İslâmî her mes’lede aslolan uydurma olmaktır, şeklindeki bilimsel dogma artık onların içimizdeki şâkirdlerince yeni bir îmân esâsı hâlini aldı. Nihâyet bu peşin ithâmın anaforundan kurtulmanız için sebebler âlemi size yetmeyecek kadar dardır. Vesvese bile olamayacak sebebler ileri sürülerek fâhişelik töhmetiyle yüzü kara edilmek istenen iffet âbidesi bir genç kıza, hadi fâhişe olmadığını isbât et, denildikten sonra, onun, töhmet dayanaklarına nisbetle yerden arş kadar yüksek olan hüccetlerinin bile yeterli delîl kabûl edilmediğini görüyoruz…","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37986612,"asset_id":13226857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12117599,"first_name":"Sevâdül","last_name":"A'zam","domain_name":"uludag","page_name":"SevâdülAzam","display_name":"Sevâdül A'zam","profile_url":"https://uludag.academia.edu/Sev%C3%A2d%C3%BClAzam?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12117599/3983651/16775461/s65_sev_d_l.a_zam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic 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Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35428729]'), work: {"id":35428729,"title":"Adnan Demircan - Kızların Gömülerek Öldürülmesi ve Çok Kadınla Evlilik.pdf","created_at":"2017-12-14T05:26:36.338-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35428729/Adnan_Demircan_K%C4%B1zlar%C4%B1n_G%C3%B6m%C3%BClerek_%C3%96ld%C3%BCr%C3%BClmesi_ve_%C3%87ok_Kad%C4%B1nla_Evlilik_pdf?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_35428729","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55289465,"asset_id":35428729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31969635,"first_name":"Yasin","last_name":"Çinar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Yasıncınar","display_name":"Yasin Çinar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Yas%C4%B1nc%C4%B1nar?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31969635/15079547/63053479/s65_yasin._inar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=540","nofollow":false},{"id":981391,"name":"CÂHİLİYE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C%C3%82H%C4%B0L%C4%B0YE?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36080912" data-work_id="36080912" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36080912/%C4%B0SLAM_HUKUKU_ARA%C5%9ETIRMALARI_DERG%C4%B0S%C4%B0">İSLAM HUKUKU ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Saygıdeğer alanında uzman hocalarımızın katkılarıyla oluşturulan bu değerli makaleyi sizlerle paylaşmak istedim (İslam hukuku ile alakalı meselelere yaklaşımlar )</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36080912" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c8143ca7e42472cde9668c9c5540688" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55969564,"asset_id":36080912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55969564/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71967951" href="https://balikesir.academia.edu/EmreUSTA">Emre USTA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71967951" type="text/json">{"id":71967951,"first_name":"Emre","last_name":"USTA","domain_name":"balikesir","page_name":"EmreUSTA","display_name":"Emre USTA","profile_url":"https://balikesir.academia.edu/EmreUSTA?f_ri=540","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36080912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36080912"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36080912, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36080912", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36080912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36080912; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36080912"); 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class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36080912"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36080912]'), work: {"id":36080912,"title":"İSLAM HUKUKU ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ","created_at":"2018-03-05T06:25:09.738-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36080912/%C4%B0SLAM_HUKUKU_ARA%C5%9ETIRMALARI_DERG%C4%B0S%C4%B0?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_36080912","summary":"Saygıdeğer alanında uzman hocalarımızın katkılarıyla oluşturulan bu değerli makaleyi sizlerle paylaşmak istedim (İslam hukuku ile alakalı meselelere yaklaşımlar )","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55969564,"asset_id":36080912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71967951,"first_name":"Emre","last_name":"USTA","domain_name":"balikesir","page_name":"EmreUSTA","display_name":"Emre USTA","profile_url":"https://balikesir.academia.edu/EmreUSTA?f_ri=540","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37636552" data-work_id="37636552" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37636552/%C5%9E%C3%82F%C4%B0%C3%8E_MEZHEB%C4%B0N%C4%B0N_TE%C5%9EEKK%C3%9CL_S%C3%9CREC%C4%B0_DR_Tezi_PhD_Thesis_">ŞÂFİÎ MEZHEBİNİN TEŞEKKÜL SÜRECİ (DR Tezi/PhD Thesis)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Şâfiî mezhebi, günümüze intikal eden dört büyük Sünnî fıkıh mezhebinden birisidir. Muhammed b. İdris eş-Şâfiî’ye (ö. 204/820) nispet edilen bu mezheb, Hanefî ve Mâlikî mezheblerinden sonra ortaya çıkmış ve Şâfiî’nin geliştirdiği yeni usûl... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37636552" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Şâfiî mezhebi, günümüze intikal eden dört büyük Sünnî fıkıh mezhebinden birisidir. Muhammed b. İdris eş-Şâfiî’ye (ö. 204/820) nispet edilen bu mezheb, Hanefî ve Mâlikî mezheblerinden sonra ortaya çıkmış ve Şâfiî’nin geliştirdiği yeni usûl anlayışı doğrultusunda, geriye bıraktığı furû fıkıh mirası üzerinde şekillenmiştir. Hicrî ikinci yüzyılın hâkim iki fıkıh ekolü konumundaki Hanefîler ve Mâlikîlerden farklılaşan yeni bir usûl anlayışı geliştirmiş olan Şâfiî’nin görüşleri, ashab olarak anılan yakın öğrencileri ve müteakip nesillerin çalışmaları neticesinde bir fıkıh<br />mezhebine dönüşmüştür. Bir yüzyılı aşkın bir süreç dâhilinde muhtelif alanlarda yaşanan gelişmeler, Şâfiî mezhebini güçlü ve etkin bir fıkıh mezhebi haline getirmiştir. Bu tezde, hicrî üçüncü asırla dördüncü asrın başlarında Şâfiî fıkıh çevresinde yaşanan gelişmeler çerçevesinde mezhebin teşekkül süreci incelenmektedir. Şâfiî’nin ashabı, onların öğrencileri ve üçüncü nesille sınırlanan bu çalışma, Şâfiî fıkıh çevresinde yaşanan ve mezhebin teşekkül sürecine katkı sağlamış muhtelif gelişme alanlarını bahse konu etmekte ve hicrî dördüncü asrın başları itibarıyla Şâfiî mezhebinin ulaştığı noktanın tespitini hedeflemektedir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37636552" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ed6fb2bafbdeae1e82e01c910a75509" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57621461,"asset_id":37636552,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57621461/download_file?st=MTczMjczODI5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15597770" href="https://marmara.academia.edu/NailOkuyucu">Nail Okuyucu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15597770" type="text/json">{"id":15597770,"first_name":"Nail","last_name":"Okuyucu","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"NailOkuyucu","display_name":"Nail Okuyucu","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/NailOkuyucu?f_ri=540","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15597770/4211724/20452666/s65_nail.okuyucu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37636552 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37636552"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37636552, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37636552", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37636552]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37636552").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37636552").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37636552"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34258" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formation_and_Development_of_the_Islamic_Legal_Schools_Madhahib_">Formation and Development of the Islamic Legal Schools (Madhahib)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34258" type="text/json">{"id":34258,"name":"Formation and Development of the Islamic Legal Schools (Madhahib)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formation_and_Development_of_the_Islamic_Legal_Schools_Madhahib_?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528270" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Islamic_law">History of Islamic law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="528270" type="text/json">{"id":528270,"name":"History of Islamic law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Islamic_law?f_ri=540","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37636552]'), work: {"id":37636552,"title":"ŞÂFİÎ MEZHEBİNİN TEŞEKKÜL SÜRECİ (DR Tezi/PhD Thesis)","created_at":"2018-10-23T12:35:33.346-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37636552/%C5%9E%C3%82F%C4%B0%C3%8E_MEZHEB%C4%B0N%C4%B0N_TE%C5%9EEKK%C3%9CL_S%C3%9CREC%C4%B0_DR_Tezi_PhD_Thesis_?f_ri=540","dom_id":"work_37636552","summary":"Şâfiî mezhebi, günümüze intikal eden dört büyük Sünnî fıkıh mezhebinden birisidir. 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