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<span>Federal law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confirmation_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confirmation_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Confirmation process</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Confirmation_process-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Confirmation process subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Confirmation_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Salary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_Cabinet_and_Cabinet-rank_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_Cabinet_and_Cabinet-rank_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Current Cabinet and Cabinet-rank officials</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_Cabinet_and_Cabinet-rank_officials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current Cabinet and Cabinet-rank officials subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_Cabinet_and_Cabinet-rank_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vice_president_and_the_heads_of_the_executive_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_president_and_the_heads_of_the_executive_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vice president and the heads of the executive departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_president_and_the_heads_of_the_executive_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet-level_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet-level_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cabinet-level officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet-level_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_executive_and_Cabinet-level_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_executive_and_Cabinet-level_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Former executive and Cabinet-level departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_executive_and_Cabinet-level_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renamed_heads_of_the_executive_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renamed_heads_of_the_executive_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Renamed heads of the executive departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renamed_heads_of_the_executive_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions_intermittently_elevated_to_Cabinet-rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions_intermittently_elevated_to_Cabinet-rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Positions intermittently elevated to Cabinet-rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions_intermittently_elevated_to_Cabinet-rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_Cabinet_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_Cabinet_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Proposed Cabinet departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_Cabinet_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabinet of the United States</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="مجلس وزراء الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس وزراء الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabinet_d%27os_Estaus_Unius" title="Gabinet d'os Estaus Unius – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gabinet d'os Estaus Unius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_Prezident_Administrasiyas%C4%B1" title="ABŞ Prezident Administrasiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Prezident Administrasiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE" title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের মন্ত্রিসভা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের মন্ত্রিসভা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Kabinet Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kabinet Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabinet_dels_Estats_Units" title="Gabinet dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gabinet dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Kabinet Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kabinet Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_yr_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Cabinet yr Unol Daleithiau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cabinet yr Unol Daleithiau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA%27s_regering" title="USA's regering – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="USA's regering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Kabinett der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kabinett der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_valitsus" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide valitsus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide valitsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Υπουργικό Συμβούλιο των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπουργικό Συμβούλιο των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabinete_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Gabinete de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gabinete de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabineto_de_Usono" title="Kabineto de Usono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kabineto de Usono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کابینه ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کابینه ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Cabinet (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cabinet (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%82%B4%EA%B0%81" title="미국 내각 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 내각" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका की कैबिनेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका की कैबिनेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Kabinet Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kabinet Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Amerika_Serikat" title="Kabinet Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kabinet Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabinetto_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Gabinetto degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gabinetto degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הקבינט של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקבינט של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consilium_Ministrorum_Civitatum_Foederatarum_Americae" title="Consilium Ministrorum Civitatum Foederatarum Americae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Consilium Ministrorum Civitatum Foederatarum Americae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_kabinets" title="ASV kabinets – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV kabinets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtini%C5%B3_Valstij%C5%B3_Kabinetas" title="Jungtinių Valstijų Kabinetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinių Valstijų Kabinetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok_sz%C3%B6vets%C3%A9gi_korm%C3%A1ny%C3%A1nak_tagjai" title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok szövetségi kormányának tagjai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok szövetségi kormányának tagjai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Кабинет на Соединетите Американски Држави – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кабинет на Соединетите Американски Држави" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Kabinet Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kabinet Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3" title="アメリカ合衆国内閣 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国内閣" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAs_regjering" title="USAs regjering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="USAs regjering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabinet_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Gabinet Stanów Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gabinet Stanów Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabinete_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Gabinete dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gabinete dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinetul_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Cabinetul Statelor Unite ale Americii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cabinetul Statelor Unite ale Americii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Кабинет США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кабинет США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cabinet of the United States" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Spojen%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_americk%C3%BDch" title="Kabinet Spojených štátov amerických – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kabinet Spojených štátov amerických" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کابینەی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کابینەی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кабинет Сједињених Америчких Држава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кабинет Сједињених Америчких Држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Sjedinjenih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Kabinet Sjedinjenih Država – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kabinet Sjedinjenih Država" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_hallitus" title="Yhdysvaltain hallitus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain hallitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_federala_regering" title="USA:s federala regering – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s federala regering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="คณะรัฐมนตรีสหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คณะรัฐมนตรีสหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Bakanlar_Kurulu" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Bakanlar Kurulu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Bakanlar Kurulu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Уряд Сполучених Штатів Америки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уряд Сполучених Штатів Америки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BB%99i_c%C3%A1c_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Nội các Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nội các Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="美國內閣 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國內閣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%98%81" title="美国内阁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国内阁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Principal advisory body to the president of the United States</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Cabinet of the United States</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/80px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/120px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/160px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Great Seal of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/220px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/330px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/440px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1835" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">President Joe Biden's Cabinet</a> pictured in July 2021</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">March 4, 1789<span class="noprint"><br />(235 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1789-03-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Inferred (<a href="/wiki/Opinion_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Opinion Clause">Opinion Clause</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Advisory body to the president of the United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Room_(White_House)" title="Cabinet Room (White House)">Cabinet Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 members, plus the Vice President: <ul><li>15 <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">principal officers</a></li> <li>10 <a href="#Cabinet-level_officials">other members</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet/">www.whitehouse.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks US-politics-sidebar vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b>This article is part of a series on the</b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States"><small>Politics of the </small><br />United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/110px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/165px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/220px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_United_States_treaties" title="List of the United States treaties">Treaties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></b></li></ul> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(118th)_US_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/49px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/74px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/98px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:118th_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/54px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/82px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/108px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a> (R)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Steve Scalise</a> (R)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Hakeem Jeffries</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_district" class="mw-redirect" title="United States congressional district">Congressional districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">list</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Non-voting members</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President Pro Tempore</a> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> (R)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_branch_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch of the United States">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">Federal agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Kagan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Jackson</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">Inferior Courts of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade"> Court of International Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Alien_Terrorist_Removal_Court" title="United States Alien Terrorist Removal Court">Alien Terrorist Removal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Judicial_Panel_on_Multidistrict_Litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation">Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court_of_Review" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b> National elections</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_midterm_election" title="United States midterm election">Midterm elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-year_election" title="Off-year election">Off-year elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Primary elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Presidential primary</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b> Elections by state and territory</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Alabama" title="Elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Alaska" title="Elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Arizona" title="Elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Arkansas" title="Elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colorado" title="Elections in Colorado"> Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Connecticut" title="Elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Delaware" title="Elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Florida" title="Elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Elections in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hawaii" title="Elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Idaho" title="Elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Illinois" title="Elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indiana" title="Elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iowa" title="Elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kansas" title="Elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kentucky" title="Elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Louisiana" title="Elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Maine" title="Elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Maryland" title="Elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="List of elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Michigan" title="Elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Minnesota" title="Elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mississippi" title="Elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Missouri" title="Elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Montana" title="Elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nebraska" title="Elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nevada" title="Elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="Elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Jersey" title="Elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Mexico" title="Elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Carolina" title="Elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Dakota" title="Elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ohio" title="Elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oklahoma" title="Elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oregon" title="Elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="Elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Carolina" title="Elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Dakota" title="Elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tennessee" title="Elections in Tennessee"> Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Texas" title="Elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Utah" title="Elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vermont" title="Elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Virginia" title="Elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="Elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wisconsin" title="Elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wyoming" title="Elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_American_Samoa" title="Elections in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guam" title="Elections in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Elections in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Elections in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Elections in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Elections in the District of Columbia">Elections in the District of Columbia</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_elections_in_the_United_States" title="List of elections in the United States">List of elections</a>)</b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmentalism in the United States">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_States" title="Feminism in the United States">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Monarchism in the United States">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_the_United_States" title="Populism in the United States">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism_in_the_United_States" title="Protectionism in the United States">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism in the United States">Socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture_of_the_United_States" title="Political culture of the United States">Political culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_polarization_in_the_United_States" title="Political polarization in the United States">Political polarization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territorial</a> government</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislatures</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Courts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local government</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">District of Columbia government</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">District Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Mayor of the District of Columbia">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Court_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Superior Court of the District of Columbia">Superior Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>: <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_United_States" title="List of diplomatic missions of the United States">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_United_States" title="List of diplomatic missions in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_passport" title="United States passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_United_States_citizens" title="Visa requirements for United States citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_United_Nations" title="United States and the United Nations">United States and the United Nations</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">P5</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Japan–United States relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93American_relations" title="Arab–American relations">Arab League</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Politics of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Politics of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cabinet of the United States</b> is the principal official advisory body to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. The Cabinet generally meets with the president in <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Room_(White_House)" title="Cabinet Room (White House)">a room adjacent to the Oval Office</a> in the West Wing of the White House. The president chairs the meetings but is not formally a member of the Cabinet. The <a href="/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of the United States">vice president of the United States</a> serves in the Cabinet by statute. The heads of departments, appointed by the president and confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>, are members of the Cabinet, and acting department heads also participate in Cabinet meetings whether or not they have been officially nominated for Senate confirmation. The president may designate heads of other agencies and non-Senate-confirmed members of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a> as members of the Cabinet. </p><p>The Cabinet does not have any collective executive powers or functions of its own, and no votes need to be taken. There are 26 members: the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a>, 15 department heads, and 10 Cabinet-level officials, all except two of whom require <a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent#United_States" title="Advice and consent">Senate confirmation</a>. During Cabinet meetings, the members sit in the order in which their respective department was created, with the earliest being closest to the president and the newest farthest away.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The members of the Cabinet whom the president appoints serve <a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">at the pleasure of the president</a>. The president can dismiss them from office at any time without the approval of the Senate or downgrade their Cabinet membership status (the <a href="/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of the United States">vice president of the United States</a> is elected not appointed and serves in the Cabinet by statute). Functionally, the president may give wide latitude to department heads and often it is legally possible for a Cabinet member to exercise certain powers over his or her own department against the president's wishes, but in practice this is highly unusual due to the threat of dismissal. The president also has the authority to organize the Cabinet, such as instituting committees. Like all federal public officials, Cabinet members are also subject to <a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">impeachment</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and trial in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors". </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a> does not explicitly establish a Cabinet. The Cabinet's role is inferred from the language of the <a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Opinion Clause</a> (Article<span class="nowrap"> </span>II, Section<span class="nowrap"> </span>2, Clause<span class="nowrap"> </span>1) of the Constitution for principal officers of departments to provide advice to the president. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fifth Amendment</a> authorizes the vice president, together with a majority of the heads of the executive departments, to declare the president "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office". The heads of the executive departments are—if eligible—in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">presidential line of succession</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State-dining-room-polk-cabinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/State-dining-room-polk-cabinet.jpg/220px-State-dining-room-polk-cabinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/State-dining-room-polk-cabinet.jpg/330px-State-dining-room-polk-cabinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/State-dining-room-polk-cabinet.jpg/440px-State-dining-room-polk-cabinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> and his Cabinet in 1846: the first Cabinet to be photographed.</figcaption></figure> <p>The tradition of the Cabinet arose out of the debates at the 1787 <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a> regarding whether the president would exercise executive authority solely or collaboratively with a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet of ministers</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">privy council</a>. As a result of the debates, the Constitution (Article<span class="nowrap"> </span>II, Section<span class="nowrap"> </span>1, Clause<span class="nowrap"> </span>1) vests "the executive power" in the president singly, and authorizes—but does not compel—the president (Article<span class="nowrap"> </span>II, Section<span class="nowrap"> </span>2, Clause<span class="nowrap"> </span>1) to "require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A2EssayGaziano_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A2EssayGaziano-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution does not specify what the executive departments will be, how many there will be, or what their duties will be. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, the first president of the United States, organized his principal officers into a Cabinet, and it has been part of the executive branch structure ever since. Washington's Cabinet consisted of five members: himself, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Edmund Randolph</a>. Vice President <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> was not included in Washington's Cabinet because the position was initially regarded as a legislative officer (president of the Senate).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, until there was a vacancy in the presidency (which did not occur until the death of <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> in 1841) it was not certain that a vice president <a href="/wiki/Tyler_precedent" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyler precedent">would be allowed to serve as president for the duration of the original term</a> as opposed to merely acting as president until new elections could be held. It was not until the 20th century that vice presidents were regularly included as members of the Cabinet and came to be regarded primarily as a member of the executive branch. </p><p>Presidents have used Cabinet meetings of selected principal officers but to widely differing extents and for different purposes. During President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s administration, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a> advocated the use of a parliamentary-style Cabinet government. However, Lincoln rebuffed Seward. While <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> was a professor he also advocated a parliamentary-style Cabinet but after becoming president he did not implement it in his administration. In recent administrations, Cabinets have grown to include key White House staff in addition to department and various agency heads. President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> formed seven sub-cabinet councils to review many policy issues, and subsequent presidents have followed that practice.<sup id="cite_ref-A2EssayGaziano_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A2EssayGaziano-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_law">Federal law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Federal law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Title_3_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 3 of the United States Code">3 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/3/302">§ 302</a> with regard to delegation of authority by the president, it is provided that "nothing herein shall be deemed to require express authorization in any case in which such an official would be presumed in law to have acted by authority or direction of the president." This pertains directly to the heads of the executive departments as each of their offices is created and specified by statutory law (hence the presumption) and thus gives them the authority to act for the president within their areas of responsibility without any specific delegation. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/3110">§ 3110</a> (also known as the 1967 Federal Anti-Nepotism statute), federal officials are prohibited from appointing their immediate family members to certain governmental positions, including those in the Cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Vacancies_Reform_Act_of_1998" title="Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998">Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998</a>, an administration may appoint acting heads of department from employees of the relevant department. These may be existing high-level career employees, from political appointees of the outgoing administration (for new administrations), or sometimes lower-level appointees of the administration.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confirmation_process">Confirmation process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Confirmation process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Top_Left_Cabinet_Image.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Top_Left_Cabinet_Image.png/220px-Top_Left_Cabinet_Image.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Top_Left_Cabinet_Image.png/330px-Top_Left_Cabinet_Image.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Top_Left_Cabinet_Image.png/440px-Top_Left_Cabinet_Image.png 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Historical makeup of the Cabinet of the United States by year.</figcaption></figure> <p>The heads of the executive departments and all other federal agency heads are nominated by the president and then presented to the Senate for <a href="/wiki/Appointments_Clause" title="Appointments Clause">confirmation or rejection</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">simple majority</a> (although before the use of the "<a href="/wiki/Nuclear_option" title="Nuclear option">nuclear option</a>" during the <a href="/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">113th United States Congress</a>, they could have been blocked by <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a>, requiring <a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">cloture</a> to be invoked by <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">5</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> to further consideration). If approved, they receive their <a href="/wiki/Commission_(document)" title="Commission (document)">commission scroll</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">sworn in</a>, and begin their duties. When the Senate is not in session, the president can appoint acting heads of the executive departments, and do so at the beginning of their term. </p><p>An elected vice president does not require Senate confirmation, nor does the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a>, which is an appointed staff position of the Executive Office of the President. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Office </th> <th>Senate confirmation review committee </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Foreign Relations Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Finance Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Energy and Natural Resources Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition,_and_Forestry" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry">Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a> </td> <td>Finance Committee (official)<br />Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee (consult) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a> </td> <td>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Energy and Natural Resources Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a> </td> <td>Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Veterans Affairs Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a> </td> <td>Finance Committee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Select Committee on Intelligence</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Budget" title="United States Senate Committee on the Budget">Budget Committee</a><br />Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> </td> <td>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Environment and Public Works Committee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Small_Business_and_Entrepreneurship" title="United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship">Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salary">Salary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Salary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Executive_Schedule" title="Executive Schedule">Executive Schedule</a></div> <p>The heads of the executive departments and most other senior federal officers at cabinet or sub-cabinet level receive their salary under a fixed five-level pay plan known as the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Schedule" title="Executive Schedule">Executive Schedule</a>, which is codified in <a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">Title 5 of the United States Code</a>. Twenty-one positions, including the heads of the executive departments and others, receiving Level<span class="nowrap"> </span>I pay are listed in <a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/5312">§ 5312</a>, and those forty-six positions on Level<span class="nowrap"> </span>II pay (including the number two positions of the executive departments) are listed in <a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/5313">§ 5313</a>. As of January 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Level<span class="nowrap"> </span>I annual pay was set at $235,600. </p><p>The annual salary of the vice president is $235,300.<sup id="cite_ref-Executive_Order_13686_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Executive_Order_13686-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The salary level was set by the Government Salary Reform Act of 1989, which provides an automatic <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">cost of living adjustment</a> for federal employees. The vice president receives the same pension as other members of Congress as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">president of the Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_Cabinet_and_Cabinet-rank_officials">Current Cabinet and Cabinet-rank officials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current Cabinet and Cabinet-rank officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet of Joe Biden</a></div> <p>The individuals listed below were nominated by President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> to form his Cabinet and were confirmed by the United States Senate on the date noted or are serving as acting department heads by his request, pending the confirmation of his nominees. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Vice_President_and_the_Heads_of_the_Executive_Departments"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice_president_and_the_heads_of_the_executive_departments">Vice president and the heads of the executive departments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vice president and the heads of the executive departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">United States federal executive departments</a></div> <p>The Cabinet permanently includes the vice president and the heads of 15 executive departments, listed here according to their <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession#Current_order_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">order of succession to the presidency</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">speaker of the House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">president <i>pro tempore</i> of the Senate</a> follow the vice president and precede the secretary of state in the order of succession, but both are in the legislative branch and are not part of the Cabinet. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Cabinet </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Constituting instrument)</span> </th> <th scope="col">Incumbent </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="date">Took office </th></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Vice President"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_3:_Electoral_College" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">(Constitution, Article II, Section I)</a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Harris, Kamala"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/100px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/150px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/200px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> </td> <td>January 20, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of State"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="890" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_22_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 22 of the United States Code">22 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/2651a">§ 2651a</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Blinken, Antony"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken%27s_Official_Department_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Secretary_Blinken%27s_Official_Department_Photo.jpg/100px-Secretary_Blinken%27s_Official_Department_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Secretary_Blinken%27s_Official_Department_Photo.jpg/150px-Secretary_Blinken%27s_Official_Department_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Secretary_Blinken%27s_Official_Department_Photo.jpg/200px-Secretary_Blinken%27s_Official_Department_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="7920" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> </td> <td>January 26, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of the Treasury"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="246" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">31 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/301">§ 301</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Yellen, Janet"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Janet_Yellen_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Secretary_Janet_Yellen_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/101px-Secretary_Janet_Yellen_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Secretary_Janet_Yellen_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/152px-Secretary_Janet_Yellen_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Secretary_Janet_Yellen_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/202px-Secretary_Janet_Yellen_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="835" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> </td> <td>January 26, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Defense"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="578" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">10 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/113">§ 113</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Austin, Lloyd"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin,_official_portrait,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg/100px-Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg/150px-Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg/200px-Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> </td> <td>January 22, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Attorney General"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/503">§ 503</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Garland, Merrick"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attorney_General_Merrick_Garland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Attorney_General_Merrick_Garland.jpg/100px-Attorney_General_Merrick_Garland.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Attorney_General_Merrick_Garland.jpg/150px-Attorney_General_Merrick_Garland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Attorney_General_Merrick_Garland.jpg/200px-Attorney_General_Merrick_Garland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> </td> <td>March 11, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of the Interior"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="251" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_43_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 43 of the United States Code">43 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/43/1451">§ 1451</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Haaland, Deb"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Deb_Haaland,_official_headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Secretary_Deb_Haaland%2C_official_headshot.jpg/100px-Secretary_Deb_Haaland%2C_official_headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Secretary_Deb_Haaland%2C_official_headshot.jpg/150px-Secretary_Deb_Haaland%2C_official_headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Secretary_Deb_Haaland%2C_official_headshot.jpg/200px-Secretary_Deb_Haaland%2C_official_headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="2333" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> </td> <td>March 16, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Agriculture"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg/75px-US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg/113px-US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg/150px-US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="582" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_7_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 7 of the United States Code">7 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/2202">§ 2202</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Vilsack, Tom"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20210427-OSEC-TEW-001_Agriculture_Secretary_Tom_Vilsack_(51148817903).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/20210427-OSEC-TEW-001_Agriculture_Secretary_Tom_Vilsack_%2851148817903%29.jpg/99px-20210427-OSEC-TEW-001_Agriculture_Secretary_Tom_Vilsack_%2851148817903%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/20210427-OSEC-TEW-001_Agriculture_Secretary_Tom_Vilsack_%2851148817903%29.jpg/149px-20210427-OSEC-TEW-001_Agriculture_Secretary_Tom_Vilsack_%2851148817903%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/20210427-OSEC-TEW-001_Agriculture_Secretary_Tom_Vilsack_%2851148817903%29.jpg/198px-20210427-OSEC-TEW-001_Agriculture_Secretary_Tom_Vilsack_%2851148817903%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2765" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> </td> <td>February 24, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Commerce"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">15 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1501">§ 1501</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Raimondo, Gina"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gina_Raimondo_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gina_Raimondo_%28cropped%29.jpg/103px-Gina_Raimondo_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gina_Raimondo_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-Gina_Raimondo_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gina_Raimondo_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-Gina_Raimondo_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1857" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> </td> <td>March 3, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Labor"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_29_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 29 of the United States Code">29 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/29/551">§ 551</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Su, Julie"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Julie_Su_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Julie_Su_Portrait.jpg/100px-Julie_Su_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Julie_Su_Portrait.jpg/150px-Julie_Su_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Julie_Su_Portrait.jpg/199px-Julie_Su_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3567" data-file-height="4616" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td>March 11, 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Health and Human Services"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/75px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/113px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/150px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="406" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953,<br />67 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-67-631">631</a> and <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/3501">§ 3501</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Becerra, Xavier"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HHS_Xavier_Becerra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/HHS_Xavier_Becerra.jpg/100px-HHS_Xavier_Becerra.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/HHS_Xavier_Becerra.jpg/150px-HHS_Xavier_Becerra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/HHS_Xavier_Becerra.jpg/200px-HHS_Xavier_Becerra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> </td> <td>March 19, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Housing and Urban Development"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="365" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/3532">§ 3532</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Todman, Adrianne"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrianne_Todman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Adrianne_Todman.jpg/101px-Adrianne_Todman.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Adrianne_Todman.jpg/152px-Adrianne_Todman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Adrianne_Todman.jpg/202px-Adrianne_Todman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1267" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td>March 22, 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Transportation"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/75px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/113px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg/150px-United_States_Department_of_Transportation_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="248" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_49_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 49 of the United States Code">49 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/49/102">§ 102</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Buttigieg, Pete"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg,_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg/100px-Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg/150px-Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg/200px-Pete_Buttigieg%2C_Secretary_of_Transportation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4787" data-file-height="5985" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> </td> <td>February 3, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Energy"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/7131">§ 7131</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Granholm, Jennifer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Jennifer_Granholm_(June_2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary Jennifer Granholm"><img alt="Secretary Jennifer Granholm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Secretary_Jennifer_Granholm_%28June_2021%29.jpg/99px-Secretary_Jennifer_Granholm_%28June_2021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Secretary_Jennifer_Granholm_%28June_2021%29.jpg/149px-Secretary_Jennifer_Granholm_%28June_2021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Secretary_Jennifer_Granholm_%28June_2021%29.jpg/198px-Secretary_Jennifer_Granholm_%28June_2021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3451" data-file-height="4313" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> </td> <td>February 25, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Education"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Education.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Education.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Education.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Education.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Education.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Education.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Education.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="544" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_20_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 20 of the United States Code">20 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/20/3411">§ 3411</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Cardona, Miguel"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Education_Miguel_Cardona,_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Secretary_of_Education_Miguel_Cardona%2C_official_portrait.jpg/100px-Secretary_of_Education_Miguel_Cardona%2C_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Secretary_of_Education_Miguel_Cardona%2C_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Secretary_of_Education_Miguel_Cardona%2C_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Secretary_of_Education_Miguel_Cardona%2C_official_portrait.jpg/200px-Secretary_of_Education_Miguel_Cardona%2C_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a> </td> <td>March 2, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Veterans Affairs"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Seal_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Seal_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Seal_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_38_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 38 of the United States Code">38 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/38/303">§ 303</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="McDonough, Denis"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_McDonough,_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Secretary_McDonough%2C_official_photo.jpg/100px-Secretary_McDonough%2C_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Secretary_McDonough%2C_official_photo.jpg/150px-Secretary_McDonough%2C_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Secretary_McDonough%2C_official_photo.jpg/200px-Secretary_McDonough%2C_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a> </td> <td>February 9, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Secretary of Homeland Security"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="247" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_6_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 6 of the United States Code">6 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/6/112">§ 112</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Mayorkas, Alejandro"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Mayorkas_Official_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Secretary_Mayorkas_Official_Photo.jpg/100px-Secretary_Mayorkas_Official_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Secretary_Mayorkas_Official_Photo.jpg/150px-Secretary_Mayorkas_Official_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Secretary_Mayorkas_Official_Photo.jpg/199px-Secretary_Mayorkas_Official_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> </td> <td>February 2, 2021 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cabinet-level_officials">Cabinet-level officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cabinet-level officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president may designate additional positions to be members of the Cabinet, which can vary under each president. They are not in the line of succession and are not necessarily <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Officer of the United States">officers of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WH_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Cabinet-level officials </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Incumbent </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="date">Term began </th></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/906">§ 906</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_11735" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 11735">11735</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Regan, Michael"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg/100px-Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg/150px-Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg/200px-Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Michael S. Regan</a> </td> <td>March 11, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Director of the Office of Management and Budget"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-OfficeOfManagementAndBudget-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/US-OfficeOfManagementAndBudget-Seal.svg/75px-US-OfficeOfManagementAndBudget-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/US-OfficeOfManagementAndBudget-Seal.svg/113px-US-OfficeOfManagementAndBudget-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/US-OfficeOfManagementAndBudget-Seal.svg/150px-US-OfficeOfManagementAndBudget-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">31 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/502">§ 502</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_11541" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 11541">11541</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_11609" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 11609">11609</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_11717" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 11717">11717</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Young, Shalanda"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shalanda_Young,_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg/100px-Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg/150px-Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg/200px-Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Shalanda Young</a> </td> <td>March 24, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Director of National Intelligence"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">50 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/3023">§ 3023</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Haines, Avril"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avril-Haines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Avril-Haines.jpg/99px-Avril-Haines.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Avril-Haines.jpg/149px-Avril-Haines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Avril-Haines.jpg/198px-Avril-Haines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="562" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a> </td> <td>January 21, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="510" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">50 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/3036">§ 3036</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Burns, William J."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CIA_Director_Burns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CIA_Director_Burns.jpg/100px-CIA_Director_Burns.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CIA_Director_Burns.jpg/150px-CIA_Director_Burns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CIA_Director_Burns.jpg/200px-CIA_Director_Burns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">William J. Burns</a> </td> <td>March 19, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="United States Trade Representative"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/75px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/113px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/150px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_19_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 19 of the United States Code">19 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/19/2171">§ 2171</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Tai, Katherine"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_Tai,_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg/100px-Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg/200px-Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a> </td> <td>March 18, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Ambassador to the United Nations"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/75px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/113px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/150px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_22_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 22 of the United States Code">22 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/287">§ 287</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Thomas-Greenfield, Linda"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg/99px-Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg/149px-Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg/198px-Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4190" data-file-height="5237" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a> </td> <td>February 25, 2021<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Council of Economic Advisers"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_Economic_Advisers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Council_of_Economic_Advisers.png/75px-Council_of_Economic_Advisers.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Council_of_Economic_Advisers.png/113px-Council_of_Economic_Advisers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Council_of_Economic_Advisers.png/150px-Council_of_Economic_Advisers.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">15 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1023">§ 1023</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Bernstein, Jared"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jared_Bernstein,_CEA_Member.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jared_Bernstein%2C_CEA_Member.jpg/100px-Jared_Bernstein%2C_CEA_Member.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jared_Bernstein%2C_CEA_Member.jpg/150px-Jared_Bernstein%2C_CEA_Member.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jared_Bernstein%2C_CEA_Member.jpg/200px-Jared_Bernstein%2C_CEA_Member.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Jared Bernstein</a> </td> <td>July 10, 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Administrator of the Small Business Administration"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Small_Business_Administration.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Small_Business_Administration.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Small_Business_Administration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Small_Business_Administration.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Small_Business_Administration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Small_Business_Administration.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Small_Business_Administration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="365" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">15 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/633">§ 633</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Guzman, Isabel"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isabella_Casillas_Guzman,_SBA_Administrator.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Isabella_Casillas_Guzman%2C_SBA_Administrator.png/100px-Isabella_Casillas_Guzman%2C_SBA_Administrator.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Isabella_Casillas_Guzman%2C_SBA_Administrator.png/150px-Isabella_Casillas_Guzman%2C_SBA_Administrator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Isabella_Casillas_Guzman%2C_SBA_Administrator.png/200px-Isabella_Casillas_Guzman%2C_SBA_Administrator.png 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="4489" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a> </td> <td>March 17, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Office of Science and Technology Policy"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg/75px-US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg/113px-US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg/150px-US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/6612">§ 6612</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Prabhakar, Arati"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Arati_Prabhakar_by_Sun_L._Vega,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dr._Arati_Prabhakar_by_Sun_L._Vega%2C_2015.jpg/100px-Dr._Arati_Prabhakar_by_Sun_L._Vega%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dr._Arati_Prabhakar_by_Sun_L._Vega%2C_2015.jpg/150px-Dr._Arati_Prabhakar_by_Sun_L._Vega%2C_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dr._Arati_Prabhakar_by_Sun_L._Vega%2C_2015.jpg/200px-Dr._Arati_Prabhakar_by_Sun_L._Vega%2C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a> </td> <td>October 3, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="White House Chief of Staff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/76/19">76–19</a>, 53 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-53-561">561</a>, enacted <span data-sort-value="000000001939-04-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 3, 1939</span>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_8248" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 8248">8248</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_10452" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 10452">10452</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_12608" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 12608">12608</a>)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Zients, Jeff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeff_Zients,_WHCOS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jeff_Zients%2C_WHCOS.jpg/100px-Jeff_Zients%2C_WHCOS.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jeff_Zients%2C_WHCOS.jpg/150px-Jeff_Zients%2C_WHCOS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jeff_Zients%2C_WHCOS.jpg/200px-Jeff_Zients%2C_WHCOS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a> </td> <td>February 7, 2023 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_executive_and_Cabinet-level_departments">Former executive and Cabinet-level departments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Former executive and Cabinet-level departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">Department of War</a> (1789–1947), headed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">secretary of war</a>: renamed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a> (1798–1949), headed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">secretary of the Navy</a>: became a military department within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office Department</a> (1829–1971), headed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">postmaster general</a>: reorganized as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">independent agency</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="National Military Establishment">National Military Establishment</a> (1947–1949), headed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">secretary of Defense</a>: created by the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a> and recreated as the Department of Defense in 1949.</li> <li>Department of the Army (1947–1949), headed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">secretary of the Army</a>: became a military department within the Department of Defense.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> (1947–1949), headed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">secretary of the Air Force</a>: became a military department within the Department of Defense.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renamed_heads_of_the_executive_departments">Renamed heads of the executive departments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Renamed heads of the executive departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a>: created in July 1781 and renamed Secretary of State in September 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a>: created in 1789 and was renamed as Secretary of the Army by the National Security Act of 1947. The 1949 Amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 made the secretary of the Army a subordinate to the secretary of defense.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" title="United States Department of Commerce and Labor">Secretary of Commerce and Labor</a>: created in 1903 and renamed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> in 1913 when its labor functions were transferred to the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">secretary of labor</a>.</li> <li>Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare: created in 1953 and renamed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a> in 1979 when its education functions were transferred to the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">secretary of education</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_intermittently_elevated_to_Cabinet-rank">Positions intermittently elevated to Cabinet-rank</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Positions intermittently elevated to Cabinet-rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> (1921–1923, 1929–present)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a> (1953–1989, 1993–2001, 2009–2018, 2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a> (1953–1961, 1969–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> (1953–1961, 1974–1977, 1993–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a> (1969–1977, 1981–1985, 1992–1993): A title used by high-ranking political advisers to the president of the United States and senior members of the Executive Office of the President since the Nixon administration.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Incumbents with Cabinet rank included <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anne_L._Armstrong" title="Anne L. Armstrong">Anne Armstrong</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">United States Trade Representative</a> (1975–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a> (1977–1981, 1993–2001, 2009–2017, 2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> (1981–1989, 1995–2001)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a> (1993–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy</a> (1993–2009)<sup id="cite_ref-czar_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czar-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-csm_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csm-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a> (1994–2001, 2012–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> (1996–2001): Created as an independent agency in 1979, raised to Cabinet rank in 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-rank_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rank-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dropped from Cabinet rank in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-cqfema_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cqfema-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a> (2017–2021, 2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_Cabinet_departments">Proposed Cabinet departments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Proposed Cabinet departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Department of Industry and Commerce, proposed by Secretary of the Treasury <a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">William Windom</a> in a speech given at a Chamber of Commerce dinner in May 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Natural Resources, proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower administration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nixon_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">1976 GOP national platform</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by <a href="/wiki/William_M._Daley" title="William M. Daley">Bill Daley</a> (as a consolidation of the Departments of the Interior and Energy, and the Environmental Protection Agency).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Peace" title="Department of Peace">Department of Peace</a>, proposed by <a href="/wiki/Founding_Father" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding Father">Founding Father</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a> in 1793, Senator <a href="/wiki/Matthew_M._Neely" title="Matthew M. Neely">Matthew Neely</a> in the 1930s, Congressman <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a>, 2020 and 2024 presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a>, and other members of the U.S. Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schuman_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuman-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Social Welfare, proposed by President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> in January 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-Roosevelt_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roosevelt-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Public Works, proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in January 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-Roosevelt_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roosevelt-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Conservation (renamed Department of the Interior), proposed by President Franklin Roosevelt in January 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-Roosevelt_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roosevelt-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, proposed by President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Business and Labor, proposed by President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Community Development, proposed by President Richard Nixon; to be chiefly concerned with rural infrastructure development.<sup id="cite_ref-Nixon_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Human Resources, proposed by President Richard Nixon; essentially a revised Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.<sup id="cite_ref-Nixon_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Economic Affairs, proposed by President Richard Nixon; essentially a consolidation of the Departments of Commerce, Labor, and Agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Environmental Protection, proposed by Senator <a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Arlen Specter</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Intelligence, proposed by former <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_McConnell_(U.S._Naval_officer)" title="Mike McConnell (U.S. Naval officer)">Mike McConnell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Global Development, proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Global_Development" title="Center for Global Development">Center for Global Development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Art, proposed by <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Business, proposed by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> as a consolidation of the U.S. Department of Commerce's core business and trade functions, the Small Business Administration, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Office of the U.S. Trade Representative</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Export%E2%80%93Import_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Export–Import Bank of the United States">Export-Import Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Private_Investment_Corporation" title="Overseas Private Investment Corporation">Overseas Private Investment Corporation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Trade_and_Development_Agency" title="United States Trade and Development Agency">U.S. Trade and Development Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Education and the Workforce, proposed by President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> as a consolidation of the Departments of Education and Labor.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Health and Public Welfare, proposed by President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> as a renamed Department of Health and Human Services.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Economic Development, proposed by Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> to replace the Commerce Department, subsume other agencies like the Small Business Administration and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">Patent and Trademark Office</a>, and include research and development programs, worker training programs, and export and trade authorities like the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative with the single goal of creating and protecting American jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Technology, proposed by businessman and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Culture, patterned on similar departments in many foreign nations, proposed by, among others, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Moss" title="Murray Moss">Murray Moss</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Jeva Lange.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>When he was SEC Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pitt" title="Harvey Pitt">Harvey Pitt</a> proposed that the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> be elevated to Cabinet level. In July 2002, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> wrote: "<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> members of Congress joined administration officials today in ridiculing Harvey L. Pitt's request that his pay be increased and his job as chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission be elevated to Cabinet rank ... evoking an outpouring of bipartisan scorn."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pitt had tried to insert a provision into corporate antifraud legislation increasing his pay by 21%, and also elevating his status to Cabinet level, at a time when the stock markets had sunk to five-year lows and some congressional leaders were calling for his resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-autoab_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoab-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Cabinet" title="Black Cabinet">Black Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_trust" title="Brain trust">Brain trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet of Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="Cabinet of the Confederate States of America">Cabinet of the Confederate States of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Cabinet" title="Kitchen Cabinet">Kitchen Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of African-American United States Cabinet members">List of African-American United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of Hispanic and Latino American United States Cabinet members">List of Hispanic and Latino American United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of female United States Cabinet members">List of female United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign-born_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of foreign-born United States Cabinet members">List of foreign-born United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_held_multiple_United_States_Cabinet-level_positions" title="List of people who have held multiple United States Cabinet-level positions">List of people who have held multiple United States Cabinet-level positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Cabinet_members_who_have_served_more_than_eight_years" title="List of United States Cabinet members who have served more than eight years">List of United States Cabinet members who have served more than eight years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_political_appointments_across_party_lines" title="List of United States political appointments across party lines">List of United States political appointments that crossed party lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Wapniacl" title="St. Wapniacl">St. Wapniacl</a> (historical mnemonic acronym)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">United States presidential line of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsuccessful_nominations_to_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Unsuccessful nominations to the Cabinet of the United States">Unsuccessful nominations to the Cabinet of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/west-wing/cabinet-room.htm">"Cabinet Room—White House Museum"</a>. <i>www.whitehousemuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whitehousemuseum.org&rft.atitle=Cabinet+Room%E2%80%94White+House+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousemuseum.org%2Fwest-wing%2Fcabinet-room.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrakash" class="citation web cs1">Prakash, Sai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/2/essays/76/executive-vesting-clause">"Essays on Article II:Executive Vesting Clause"</a>. <i>The Heritage Guide to The Constitution</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Heritage+Guide+to+The+Constitution&rft.atitle=Essays+on+Article+II%3AExecutive+Vesting+Clause&rft.aulast=Prakash&rft.aufirst=Sai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fconstitution%2F%23%21%2Farticles%2F2%2Fessays%2F76%2Fexecutive-vesting-clause&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A2EssayGaziano-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A2EssayGaziano_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A2EssayGaziano_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaziano" class="citation web cs1">Gaziano, Todd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/2/essays/88/opinion-clause">"Essays on Article II: Opinion Clause"</a>. <i>The Heritage Guide to The Constitution</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Heritage+Guide+to+The+Constitution&rft.atitle=Essays+on+Article+II%3A+Opinion+Clause&rft.aulast=Gaziano&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fconstitution%2F%23%21%2Farticles%2F2%2Fessays%2F88%2Fopinion-clause&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/john-adams/">"John Adams · George Washington's Mount Vernon"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180517153631/http://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/john-adams/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Adams+%C2%B7+George+Washington%27s+Mount+Vernon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountvernon.org%2Flibrary%2Fdigitalhistory%2Fdigital-encyclopedia%2Farticle%2Fjohn-adams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWulwickMacchiarola1995" class="citation journal cs1">Wulwick, Richard P.; Macchiarola, Frank J. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stetson.edu/law/lawreview/media/congressional-interference-with-the-presidents-power-to-appoint-24-3.pdf">"Congressional Interference With The President's Power To Appoint"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Stetson Law Review</i>. <b>XXIV</b>: 625–652. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116101457/http://www.stetson.edu/law/lawreview/media/congressional-interference-with-the-presidents-power-to-appoint-24-3.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stetson+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Congressional+Interference+With+The+President%27s+Power+To+Appoint&rft.volume=XXIV&rft.pages=625-652&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Wulwick&rft.aufirst=Richard+P.&rft.au=Macchiarola%2C+Frank+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stetson.edu%2Flaw%2Flawreview%2Fmedia%2Fcongressional-interference-with-the-presidents-power-to-appoint-24-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierce2009" class="citation news cs1">Pierce, Olga (January 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/who-runs-departments-before-heads-are-confirmed-090122">"Who Runs Departments Before Heads Are Confirmed?"</a>. <i>ProPublica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000058/https://www.propublica.org/article/who-runs-departments-before-heads-are-confirmed-090122">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ProPublica&rft.atitle=Who+Runs+Departments+Before+Heads+Are+Confirmed%3F&rft.date=2009-01-22&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propublica.org%2Farticle%2Fwho-runs-departments-before-heads-are-confirmed-090122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Executive_Order_13686-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Executive_Order_13686_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObama2014" class="citation web cs1">Obama, Barack (December 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/pay-executive-order-2015-adjustments-of-certain-rates-of-pay.pdf">"Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Executive Order 13686</i>. The White House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201181710/https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/pay-executive-order-2015-adjustments-of-certain-rates-of-pay.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Executive+Order+13686&rft.atitle=Adjustments+of+Certain+Rates+of+Pay&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft.aulast=Obama&rft.aufirst=Barack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opm.gov%2Fpolicy-data-oversight%2Fpay-leave%2Fsalaries-wages%2Fpay-executive-order-2015-adjustments-of-certain-rates-of-pay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurcell2005" class="citation web cs1">Purcell, Patrick J. (January 21, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/RL30631.pdf">"Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CRS Report for Congress</i>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103064138/https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/RL30631.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CRS+Report+for+Congress&rft.atitle=Retirement+Benefits+for+Members+of+Congress&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Freference%2Fresources%2Fpdf%2FRL30631.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WH-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WH_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_White_House" class="citation web cs1">The <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet/">"The Cabinet"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cabinet&rft.au=The+White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fadministration%2Fcabinet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs existed under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> from October 20, 1781, to March 3, 1789, the day before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a> came into force.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2022" class="citation web cs1">Howard, Spencer (September 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hoover.blogs.archives.gov/2022/09/07/curtis-at-cabinet-meetings/">"Did Vice President Charles Curtis attend Hoover's Cabinet meetings?"</a>. <i>Hoover Heads</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hoover+Heads&rft.atitle=Did+Vice+President+Charles+Curtis+attend+Hoover%E2%80%99s+Cabinet+meetings%3F&rft.date=2022-09-07&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhoover.blogs.archives.gov%2F2022%2F09%2F07%2Fcurtis-at-cabinet-meetings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?n=clayton-yeutter&pid=184350162">"Clayton Yeutter's Obituary"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181231194056/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?n=clayton-yeutter&pid=184350162">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Clayton+Yeutter%27s+Obituary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fobituaries%2Fwashingtonpost%2Fobituary.aspx%3Fn%3Dclayton-yeutter%26pid%3D184350162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTenet2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Tenet" title="George Tenet">Tenet, George</a> (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atcenterofstormm00tene"><i>At the Center of the Storm</i></a></span>. London: HarperCollins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atcenterofstormm00tene/page/136">136</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-114778-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-114778-4"><bdi>978-0-06-114778-4</bdi></a>. <q>Under President Clinton, I was a Cabinet member—a legacy of John Deutch's requirement when he took the job as DCI—but my contacts with the president, while always interesting, were sporadic. I could see him as often as I wanted but was not on a regular schedule. Under President Bush, the DCI lost its Cabinet-level status.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+the+Center+of+the+Storm&rft.place=London&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-114778-4&rft.aulast=Tenet&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatcenterofstormm00tene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-com_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenfeld,_Gabriel2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Schoenfeld, Gabriel (July–August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/the-cia-follies--cont-d--10897?page=all">"The CIA Follies (Cont'd.)"</a>. <i>Commentary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2009</span>. <q>Though he was to lose the Cabinet rank he had enjoyed under Clinton, he came to enjoy "extraordinary access" to the new President, who made it plain that he wanted to be briefed every day.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commentary&rft.atitle=The+CIA+Follies+%28Cont%27d.%29&rft.date=2007-07%2F2007-08&rft.au=Schoenfeld%2C+Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commentarymagazine.com%2Fviewarticle.cfm%2Fthe-cia-follies--cont-d--10897%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSciolino,_Elaine1996" class="citation news cs1">Sciolino, Elaine (September 29, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/us/cia-chief-charts-his-own-course.html">"C.I.A. Chief Charts His Own Course"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530062105/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/us/cia-chief-charts-his-own-course.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2009</span>. <q>It is no secret that Mr. Deutch initially turned down the intelligence position, and was rewarded for taking it by getting Cabinet rank.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=C.I.A.+Chief+Charts+His+Own+Course&rft.date=1996-09-29&rft.au=Sciolino%2C+Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F09%2F29%2Fus%2Fcia-chief-charts-his-own-course.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-czar-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-czar_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinton,_Bill1993" class="citation web cs1">Clinton, Bill (July 1, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721050309/http://clinton6.nara.gov/1993/07/1993-07-01-presidents-remarks-at-swearing-in-of-lee-brown.html">"Remarks by the President and Lee Brown, Director of Office of National Drug Control Policy"</a>. White House. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clinton6.nara.gov/1993/07/1993-07-01-presidents-remarks-at-swearing-in-of-lee-brown.html">the original</a> on July 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2009</span>. <q>We are here today to install a uniquely qualified person to lead our nation's effort in the fight against illegal drugs and what they do to our children, to our streets, and to our communities. And to do it for the first time from a position sitting in the President's Cabinet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+by+the+President+and+Lee+Brown%2C+Director+of+Office+of+National+Drug+Control+Policy&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.au=Clinton%2C+Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclinton6.nara.gov%2F1993%2F07%2F1993-07-01-presidents-remarks-at-swearing-in-of-lee-brown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csm-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-csm_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook,_Dave2009" class="citation news cs1">Cook, Dave (March 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://features.csmonitor.com/politics/2009/03/11/new-drug-czar-gets-lower-rank-promise-of-higher-visibility/">"New drug czar gets lower rank, promise of higher visibility"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090315040317/http://features.csmonitor.com/politics/2009/03/11/new-drug-czar-gets-lower-rank-promise-of-higher-visibility/">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2009</span>. <q>For one thing, in the Obama administration the Drug Czar will not have Cabinet status, as the job did during George W. Bush's administration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=New+drug+czar+gets+lower+rank%2C+promise+of+higher+visibility&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft.au=Cook%2C+Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffeatures.csmonitor.com%2Fpolitics%2F2009%2F03%2F11%2Fnew-drug-czar-gets-lower-rank-promise-of-higher-visibility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rank-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rank_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970116185236/http://www.fema.gov/home/NWZ96/cabinet.htm">"President Clinton Raises FEMA Director to Cabinet Status"</a> (Press release). Federal Emergency Management Agency. February 26, 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fema.gov/home/NWZ96/cabinet.htm">the original</a> on January 16, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Clinton+Raises+FEMA+Director+to+Cabinet+Status&rft.pub=Federal+Emergency+Management+Agency&rft.date=1996-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fema.gov%2Fhome%2FNWZ96%2Fcabinet.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cqfema-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cqfema_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler,_Daniel2008" class="citation web cs1">Fowler, Daniel (November 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081129170848/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=hsnews-000002988269&cpage=1">"Emergency Managers Make It Official: They Want FEMA Out of DHS"</a>. CQ Politics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=hsnews-000002988269&cpage=1">the original</a> on November 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2010</span>. <q>During the Clinton administration, FEMA Administrator James Lee Witt met with the Cabinet. His successor in the Bush administration, Joe M. Allbaugh, did not.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emergency+Managers+Make+It+Official%3A+They+Want+FEMA+Out+of+DHS&rft.pub=CQ+Politics&rft.date=2008-11-19&rft.au=Fowler%2C+Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqpolitics.com%2Fwmspage.cfm%3FdocID%3Dhsnews-000002988269%26cpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span>(Archived March 3, 2010, by WebCite at</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1881/05/13/archives/a-department-of-commerce.html">"A Department of Commerce"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 13, 1881.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Department+of+Commerce&rft.date=1881-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1881%2F05%2F13%2Farchives%2Fa-department-of-commerce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gFiOK24ZASgC&q=Eisenhower+proposes+Department+of+Natural+Resources&pg=PA159"><i>Improving Management and Organization in Federal Natural Resources and Environmental Functions: Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, U. S. Senate</i></a>. Diane Publishing. April 1, 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780788148743" title="Special:BookSources/9780788148743"><bdi>9780788148743</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114195305/https://books.google.com/books?id=gFiOK24ZASgC&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=Eisenhower%20proposes%20Department%20of%20Natural%20Resources#v=onepage&q=Eisenhower%20proposes%20Department%20of%20Natural%20Resources">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books. <q>Chairman Stevens. Thank you very much. I think both of you are really pointing in the same direction as this Committee. I do hope we can keep it on a bipartisan basis. Mr. Dean, when I was at the Interior Department, I drafted Eisenhower's Department of Natural Resources proposal, and we have had a series of them that have been presented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Improving+Management+and+Organization+in+Federal+Natural+Resources+and+Environmental+Functions%3A+Hearing+Before+the+Committee+on+Governmental+Affairs%2C+U.+S.+Senate&rft.pub=Diane+Publishing&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.isbn=9780788148743&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgFiOK24ZASgC%26q%3DEisenhower%2Bproposes%2BDepartment%2Bof%2BNatural%2BResources%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nixon-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nixon_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nixon_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nixon_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=2951">"116—Special Message to the Congress on Executive Branch Reorganization"</a>. <i>The University of California, Santa Barbara—The American Presidency Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214101500/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=2951">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2017</span>. <q>The administration is today transmitting to the Congress four bills which, if enacted, would replace seven of the present executive departments and several other agencies with four new departments: the Department of Natural Resources, the Department of Community Development, the Department of Human Resources and the Department of Economic Affairs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+California%2C+Santa+Barbara%E2%80%94The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=116%E2%80%94Special+Message+to+the+Congress+on+Executive+Branch+Reorganization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D2951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25843">"Republican Party Platform of 1976"</a>. <i>The University of California, Santa Barbara—The American Presidency Project</i>. August 18, 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094440/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25843">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+California%2C+Santa+Barbara%E2%80%94The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=Republican+Party+Platform+of+1976&rft.date=1976-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D25843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThrush,_Glenn2013" class="citation web cs1">Thrush, Glenn (November 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2013/11/locked-in-the-cabinet-99374_Page3.html">"Locked in the Cabinet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131117102623/http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2013/11/locked-in-the-cabinet-99374_Page3.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Locked+in+the+Cabinet&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.au=Thrush%2C+Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2013%2F11%2Flocked-in-the-cabinet-99374_Page3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRush1806" class="citation book cs1">Rush, Benjamin, M.D. (1806). "A plan of a Peace-Office for the United States". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essaysliterarym00rushgoog"><i>Essays, Literary, Moral and Philosophical</i></a> (2nd ed.). Thomas and William Bradford, Philadelphia. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essaysliterarym00rushgoog/page/n197">183</a>–188<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2010</span>. <q>benjamin rush peace plan office.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+plan+of+a+Peace-Office+for+the+United+States&rft.btitle=Essays%2C+Literary%2C+Moral+and+Philosophical.&rft.pages=183-188&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thomas+and+William+Bradford%2C+Philadelphia&rft.date=1806&rft.aulast=Rush&rft.aufirst=Benjamin%2C+M.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fessaysliterarym00rushgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuman-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schuman_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuman1969" class="citation book cs1">Schuman, Frederick L. (1969). <i>Why a Department of Peace</i>. Beverly Hills: Another Mother for Peace. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/339785">339785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+a+Department+of+Peace&rft.place=Beverly+Hills&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Another+Mother+for+Peace&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F339785&rft.aulast=Schuman&rft.aufirst=Frederick+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720174929/http://www.thepeacealliance.org/content/view/54/130/">"History of Legislation to Create a Dept. of Peace"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepeacealliance.org/content/view/54/130/">the original</a> on July 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Legislation+to+Create+a+Dept.+of+Peace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepeacealliance.org%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F54%2F130%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roosevelt-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roosevelt_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roosevelt_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roosevelt_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15342">"10—Summary of the Report of the Committee on Administrative Management"</a>. <i>The University of California, Santa Barbara—The American Presidency Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164512/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15342">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2017</span>. <q>Overhaul the more than 100 separate departments, boards, commissions, administrations, authorities, corporations, committees, agencies and activities which are now parts of the Executive Branch, and theoretically under the President, and consolidate them within twelve regular departments, which would include the existing ten departments and two new departments, a Department of Social Welfare, and a Department of Public Works. Change the name of the Department of Interior to Department of Conservation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+California%2C+Santa+Barbara%E2%80%94The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=10%E2%80%94Summary+of+the+Report+of+the+Committee+on+Administrative+Management&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D15342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=8699">"23—Special Message to the Congress Transmitting Reorganization Plan 1 of 1962"</a>. <i>The University of California, Santa Barbara—The American Presidency Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214002721/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=8699">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+California%2C+Santa+Barbara%E2%80%94The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=23%E2%80%94Special+Message+to+the+Congress+Transmitting+Reorganization+Plan+1+of+1962&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D8699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=28141">"121–Special Message to the Congress: The Quality of American Government"</a>. <i>The University of California, Santa Barbara—The American Presidency Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214002341/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=28141">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2017</span>. <q>In my State of the Union Address, and later in my Budget and Economic Messages to the Congress, I proposed the creation of a new Department of Business and Labor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+California%2C+Santa+Barbara%E2%80%94The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=121%E2%80%93Special+Message+to+the+Congress%3A+The+Quality+of+American+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D28141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3608">"33—Special Message to the Congress on Rural Development"</a>. <i>The University of California, Santa Barbara—The American Presidency Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214002722/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3608">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2017</span>. <q>The new Department of Economic Affairs would include many of the offices that are now within the Departments of Commerce, Labor and Agriculture. A large part of the Department of Transportation would also be relocated here, including the United States Coast Guard, the Federal Railroad Administration, the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, the National Transportation Safety Board, the Transportation Systems Center, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Motor Carrier Safety Bureau and most of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Small Business Administration, the Science Information Exchange program from the Smithsonian Institution, the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Office of Technology Utilization from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration would also be included in the new Department.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+California%2C+Santa+Barbara%E2%80%94The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=116%E2%80%94Special+Message+to+the+Congress+on+Executive+Branch+Reorganization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D2951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/Notebook/Note_02-RMSP3.htm">"Public Notes on 02-RMSP3"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613094946/http://www.ontheissues.org/Notebook/Note_02-RMSP3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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November 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theweek.com&rft.atitle=Hey+Joe%E2%80%94appoint+a+culture+secretary&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Farticles%2F949759%2Fhey-joe--appoint-culture-secretary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Labaton (July 25, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/25/business/sec-chief-draws-ridicule-in-quest-for-higher-status.html">"S.E.C. Chief Draws Ridicule In Quest for Higher Status,"</a> <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autoab-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autoab_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabaton2002" class="citation news cs1">Labaton, Stephen (October 9, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/09/business/top-democrats-and-white-house-battle-over-sec-chairman.html">"Top Democrats and White House Battle Over S.E.C. Chairman"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Top+Democrats+and+White+House+Battle+Over+S.E.C.+Chairman&rft.date=2002-10-09&rft.aulast=Labaton&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F10%2F09%2Fbusiness%2Ftop-democrats-and-white-house-battle-over-sec-chairman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Labaton (November 6, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/06/business/sec-s-embattled-chief-resigns-in-wake-of-latest-political-storm.html">"S.E.C.'s Embattled Chief Resigns In Wake of Latest Political Storm,"</a> <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/opinion/editorials/article/SEC-Harvey-Chairman-Pitt-shows-a-tin-ear-2099758.php">"SEC Chairman Harvey Pitt shows a tin ear,"</a> <i>Houston Chronicle</i>, July 25, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/business/article/lawmakers-blast-pitt-s-pay-request-2069371.php">"Lawmakers blast Pitt's pay request"</a>. <i>Chron</i>. July 25, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chron&rft.atitle=Lawmakers+blast+Pitt%27s+pay+request&rft.date=2002-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fbusiness%2Farticle%2Flawmakers-blast-pitt-s-pay-request-2069371.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabinet+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bennett, Anthony. <i>The American President's Cabinet</i>. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-60691-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-60691-4">0-333-60691-4</a>. A study of the U.S. Cabinet from Kennedy to Clinton.</li> <li>Grossman, Mark. <i>Encyclopedia of the United States Cabinet</i> (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO; three volumes, 2000; reprint, New York: Greyhouse Publishing; two volumes, 2010). A history of the United States and Confederate States Cabinets, their secretaries, and their departments.</li> <li>Rudalevige, Andrew. "The President and the Cabinet", in Michael Nelson, ed., <i>The Presidency and the Political System</i>, 8th ed. (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2006).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Becerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Blinken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Cardona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Granholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Haaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Mayorkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Raimondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Su</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Todman</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Vilsack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Yellen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="White House Logo"><img alt="White House Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/100px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/150px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/200px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="58" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Cabinet-level_officials">Cabinet-level members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Guzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Thomas-Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Zients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>a</sup> acting<br /><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet of Joe Biden</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_executive_departments_of_the_United_States_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Template:United States federal executive departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Template talk:United States federal executive departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States federal executive departments"><abbr title="Edit this 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Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" title="United States Department of Commerce and Labor">Commerce and Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare">Health, Education, and Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_precedence_in_the_United_States*" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Template:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Template talk:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="Edit this 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href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <b><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></b></li> <li>Former President <b><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></b></li> <li>Former President <b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></b></li> <li>Former President <b><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b></li> <li>Former President <b><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></b></li> <li>Former President <b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></b></li> <li>Former Vice President <b><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></b></li> <li>Former Vice President <b><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b></li> <li>Former Vice President <b><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></b></li> <li>Former Vice President <b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_United_States" title="Ambassadors of the United States">Ambassadors of the United States</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></i></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <b><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a></b></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <b><a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">David Souter</a></b></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <b><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a></b></li> <li><i>Members of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cabinet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Senate President pro tempore</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a></b></li> <li><i>Members of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Senate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Governors of the States (by order of statehood)</a></i></li> <li><i>Members of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>*not including acting officeholders, visiting dignitaries, auxiliary executive and military personnel and most diplomats</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Cabinets_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Cabinets_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National Cabinets of North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Cabinet of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Bahamas" title="Cabinet of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barbados" title="Cabinet of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Belize" title="Cabinet of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Dominica" title="Cabinet of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Cabinet of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Grenada" title="Cabinet of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Haiti" title="Cabinet of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Jamaica" title="Cabinet of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Mexico" title="Cabinet of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Cabinet of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Cabinet of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Cabinet of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet of the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&oldid=1258795282">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_United_States&oldid=1258795282</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Cabinet of the 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