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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1980" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_1_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 1 of the United States Code">Title 1</a> - General Provisions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_2_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 2 of the United States Code">Title 2</a> - The Congress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_3_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 3 of the United States Code">Title 3</a> - The President</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_4_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 4 of the United States Code">Title 4</a> - Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Title 5</a> - Government Organization and Employees</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_6_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 6 of the United States Code">Title 6</a> - Domestic Security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_7_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 7 of the United States Code">Title 7</a> - Agriculture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">Title 8</a> - Aliens and Nationality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_9_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 9 of the United States Code">Title 9</a> - Arbitration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10</a> - Armed Forces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_11_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 11 of the United States Code">Title 11</a> - Bankruptcy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 12 of the United States Code">Title 12</a> - Banks and Banking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_13_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 13 of the United States Code">Title 13</a> - Census</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">Title 14</a> - Coast Guard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">Title 15</a> - Commerce and Trade</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_16_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 16 of the United States Code">Title 16</a> - Conservation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">Title 17</a> - Copyrights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">Title 18</a> - Crimes and Criminal Procedure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_19_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 19 of the United States Code">Title 19</a> - Customs Duties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_20_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 20 of the United States Code">Title 20</a> - Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_21_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 21 of the United States Code">Title 21</a> - Food and Drugs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_22_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 22 of the United States Code">Title 22</a> - Foreign Relations and Intercourse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_23_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 23 of the United States Code">Title 23</a> - Highways</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_24_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 24 of the United States Code">Title 24</a> - Hospitals and Asylums</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_25_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 25 of the United States Code">Title 25</a> - Indians</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_26_of_the_United_States_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Title 26 of the United States Code">Title 26</a> - Internal Revenue Code</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_27_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 27 of the United States Code">Title 27</a> - Intoxicating Liquors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">Title 28</a> - Judiciary and Judicial Procedure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_29_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 29 of the United States Code">Title 29</a> - Labor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_30_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 30 of the United States Code">Title 30</a> - Mineral Lands and Mining</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">Title 31</a> - Money and Finance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">Title 32</a> - National Guard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_33_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 33 of the United States Code">Title 33</a> - Navigation and Navigable Waters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_34_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 34 of the United States Code">Title 34</a> - Crime Control and Law Enforcement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_35_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 35 of the United States Code">Title 35</a> - Patents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36</a> - Patriotic Societies and Observances</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_37_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 37 of the United States Code">Title 37</a> - Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_38_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 38 of the United States Code">Title 38</a> - Veterans' Benefits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_39_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 39 of the United States Code">Title 39</a> - Postal Service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_40_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 40 of the United States Code">Title 40</a> - Public Buildings, Properties, and Works</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_41_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 41 of the United States Code">Title 41</a> - Public Contracts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">Title 42</a> - The Public Health and Welfare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_43_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 43 of the United States Code">Title 43</a> - Public Lands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_44_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 44 of the United States Code">Title 44</a> - Public Printing and Documents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_45_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 45 of the United States Code">Title 45</a> - Railroads</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_46_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 46 of the United States Code">Title 46</a> - Shipping</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_47_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 47 of the United States Code">Title 47</a> - Telecommunications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_48_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 48 of the United States Code">Title 48</a> - Territories and Insular Possessions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_49_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 49 of the United States Code">Title 49</a> - Transportation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">Title 50</a> - War and National Defense</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_51_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 51 of the United States Code">Title 51</a> - National and Commercial Space Programs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_52_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 52 of the United States Code">Title 52</a> - Voting and Elections</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_53_of_the_United_States_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Title 53 of the United States Code">Title 53</a> - [Reserved]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_54_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 54 of the United States Code">Title 54</a> - National Park Service and Related Programs</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Code_sidebar" title="Template:United States Code sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Code_sidebar" title="Template talk:United States Code sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Code_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Code sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Title 5 of the United States Code</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Positive_law_(United_States_Code)" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive law (United States Code)">positive law title</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> with the heading "<b>Government Organization And Employees</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provisions">Provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Title 5 contains organizational and administrative provisions directing the federal government, including the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privacy_Act_of_1974" title="Privacy Act of 1974">Privacy Act of 1974</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Review_Act" title="Congressional Review Act">Congressional Review Act</a> as well as authorization for government reorganizations such as <a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Plan_No._3" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Plan No. 3">Reorganization Plan No. 3</a>. The title also contains various federal employee and civil service laws of the United States, including authorization for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management" title="United States Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</a> and the <a href="/wiki/General_Schedule_(US_civil_service_pay_scale)" title="General Schedule (US civil service pay scale)">General Salary Schedule</a> and <a href="/wiki/Executive_Schedule" title="Executive Schedule">Executive Schedule</a> classification systems. It also is the Title that specifies Federal holidays (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">5 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103">§ 6103</a>). In addition, there is an appendix to Title 5 but it is not itself considered positive law. It contains reorganization plans.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 6, 1966, Title 5 was enacted as <a href="/wiki/Positive_law_(United_States_Code)" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive law (United States Code)">positive law</a> by Pub. L. 89–554 (80 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-80-378">378</a>). Prior to the 1966 positive law recodification, Title 5 had the heading, "Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Congress moved the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Advisory_Committee_Act" title="Federal Advisory Committee Act">Federal Advisory Committee Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_Act_of_1978" title="Inspector General Act of 1978">Inspector General Act of 1978</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_Government_Act" title="Ethics in Government Act">Ethics in Government Act</a> from the Title 5 Appendix to Title 5 itself.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_I—The_Agencies_Generally"><span id="Part_I.E2.80.94The_Agencies_Generally"></span>Part I—The Agencies Generally</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Part I—The Agencies Generally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I">Part I</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-1">Chapter 1</a>—Organization</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-3">Chapter 3</a>—Powers</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-4">Chapter 4</a>—Inspectors General</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-5">Chapter 5</a>—Administrative Procedure</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-6">Chapter 6</a>—The Analysis of Regulatory Functions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-7">Chapter 7</a>—Judicial Review</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-8">Chapter 8</a>—Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-9">Chapter 9</a>—Executive Reorganization</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-10">Chapter 10</a>—Federal Advisory Committees</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_II—Civil_Service_Functions_and_Responsibilities"><span id="Part_II.E2.80.94Civil_Service_Functions_and_Responsibilities"></span>Part II—Civil Service Functions and Responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Part II—Civil Service Functions and Responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-II">Part II</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-II/chapter-11">Chapter 11</a>—Office of Personnel Management</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-II/chapter-12">Chapter 12</a>—Merit Systems Protection Board, Office of Special Counsel, and Employee Right of Action</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-II/chapter-13">Chapter 13</a>—Special Authority</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-II/chapter-14">Chapter 14</a>—Agency Chief Human Capital Officers</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-II/chapter-15">Chapter 15</a>—Political Activity of Certain State and Local Employees</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_III—Employees"><span id="Part_III.E2.80.94Employees"></span>Part III—Employees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Part III—Employees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III">Part III</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-A">Subpart A</a>—General Provisions <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-A/chapter-21">Chapter 21</a>—Definitions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-A/chapter-23">Chapter 23</a>—Merit System Principles</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-A/chapter-29">Chapter 29</a>—Commissions, Oaths, Records, and Reports</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-B">Subpart B</a>—Employment and Retention <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-B/chapter-31">Chapter 31</a>—Authority for employment</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-B/chapter-33">Chapter 33</a>—Examination, selection, and placement</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-B/chapter-34">Chapter 34</a>—Part-time career employment opportunities</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-B/chapter-35">Chapter 35</a>—Retention preference, voluntary separation incentive payments, restoration, and reemployment</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-B/chapter-37">Chapter 37</a>—Information technology exchange program</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-C">Subpart C</a>—Employee Performance <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-C/chapter-41">Chapter 41</a>—Training</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-C/chapter-43">Chapter 43</a>—Performance appraisal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-C/chapter-45">Chapter 45</a>—Incentive awards</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-C/chapter-47">Chapter 47</a>—Personnel research programs and demonstration projects</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-C/chapter-48">Chapter 48</a>—Agency personnel demonstration project</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-D">Subpart D</a>—Pay and Allowances <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-D/chapter-51">Chapter 51</a>—Classification</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-D/chapter-53">Chapter 53</a>—Pay rates and systems</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-D/chapter-54">Chapter 54</a>—Human capital performance fund</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-D/chapter-55">Chapter 55</a>—Pay administration</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-D/chapter-57">Chapter 57</a>—Travel, transportation, and subsistence</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-D/chapter-59">Chapter 59</a>—Allowances</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-E">Subpart E</a>—Attendance and Leave <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-E/chapter-61">Chapter 61</a>—Hours of work</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-E/chapter-63">Chapter 63</a>—Leave</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-E/chapter-65">Chapter 65</a>—Telework</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-F">Subpart F</a>—Labor-Management and Employee Relations <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-F/chapter-71">Chapter 71</a>—Labor-management relations</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-F/chapter-72">Chapter 72</a>—Antidiscrimination; Right to petition Congress</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-F/chapter-73">Chapter 73</a>—Suitability, security, and conduct</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-F/chapter-75">Chapter 75</a>—Adverse actions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-F/chapter-77">Chapter 77</a>—Appeals</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-F/chapter-79">Chapter 79</a>—Services to employees</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G">Subpart G</a>—Insurance and Annuities <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-81">Chapter 81</a>—Compensation for work injuries</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-83">Chapter 83</a>—Retirement</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-84">Chapter 84</a>—Federal employees' retirement system</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-85">Chapter 85</a>—Unemployment compensation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-87">Chapter 87</a>—Life insurance</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-89">Chapter 89</a>—Health insurance</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-89A">Chapter 89A</a>—Enhanced dental benefits</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-89B">Chapter 89B</a>—Enhanced vision benefits</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-G/chapter-90">Chapter 90</a>—Long-term care insurance</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-H">Subpart H</a>—Access to Criminal History Record Information <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-H/chapter-91">Chapter 91</a>—Access to criminal history records for national security and other purposes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-H/chapter-92">Chapter 92</a>—Prohibition on criminal history inquiries prior to conditional offer</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I">Subpart I</a>—Miscellaneous <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I/chapter-95">Chapter 95</a>—Personnel flexibilities relating to the Internal Revenue Service</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I/chapter-96">Chapter 96</a>—Personnel flexibilities relating to land management agencies</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I/chapter-97">Chapter 97</a>—Department of Homeland Security</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I/chapter-98">Chapter 98</a>—National Aeronautics and Space Administration</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I/chapter-99">Chapter 99</a>—Department of Defense personnel authorities</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I/chapter-101">Chapter 101</a>—Federal Emergency Management Agency personnel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I/chapter-102">Chapter 102</a>—United States Secret Service Uniformed Division personnel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-I/chapter-103">Chapter 103</a>—Department of State</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-J">Subpart J</a>—Enhanced Personnel Security Programs <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-III/subpart-J/chapter-110">Chapter 110</a>—Enhanced Personnel Security Programs</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_IV—Ethics_Requirements"><span id="Part_IV.E2.80.94Ethics_Requirements"></span>Part IV—Ethics Requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Part IV—Ethics Requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-IV">Part IV</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-IV/chapter-131">Chapter 131</a>—Ethics in Government</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscode.house.gov">"United States Code"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Office of the Law Revision Counsel</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Code&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Law+Revision+Counsel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuscode.house.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+5+of+the+United+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscode.house.gov">"United States Code"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Office of the Law Revision Counsel</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Code&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Law+Revision+Counsel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuscode.house.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+5+of+the+United+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.heinonline.org/"><i>United States Code (1964)</i></a>. Washington, DC: U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary. 1965. p. 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Code+%281964%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=U.S.+House+Committee+on+the+Judiciary&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.heinonline.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+5+of+the+United+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/117/public/286?link-type=html">117–286 (text)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/117/public/286?link-type=pdf&.pdf">(PDF)</a>, 136 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-136-4196">4196</a>; Act of 2022-12-27.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>{Wikisource|United States Code/Title 5|USC Title 5}} </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/usc.cgi?ACTION=BROWSE&title=5usc">U.S. Code Title 5</a>, via <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/5">U.S. Code Title 5</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCTitles" title="Template:USCTitles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCTitles" title="Template talk:USCTitles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCTitles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCTitles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Code" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_1_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 1 of the United States Code">1: General Provisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_2_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 2 of the United States Code">2: The Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_3_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 3 of the United States Code">3: The President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_4_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 4 of the United States Code">4: Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">5: Government Organization and Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_6_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 6 of the United States Code">6: Domestic Security (formerly titled Surety Bonds)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_7_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 7 of the United States Code">7: Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8: Aliens and Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_9_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 9 of the United States Code">9: Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">10: Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_11_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 11 of the United States Code">11: Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 12 of the United States Code">12: Banks and Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_13_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 13 of the United States Code">13: Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">14: Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">15: Commerce and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_16_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 16 of the United States Code">16: Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">17: Copyrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18: Crimes and Criminal Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_19_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 19 of the United States Code">19: Customs Duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_20_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 20 of the United States Code">20: Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_21_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 21 of the United States Code">21: Food and Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_22_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 22 of the United States Code">22: Foreign Relations and Intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_23_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 23 of the United States Code">23: Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_24_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 24 of the United States Code">24: Hospitals and Asylums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_25_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 25 of the United States Code">25: Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">26: Internal Revenue Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_27_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 27 of the United States Code">27: Intoxicating Liquors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_29_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 29 of the United States Code">29: Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_30_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 30 of the United States Code">30: Mineral Lands and Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">31: Money and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">32: National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_33_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 33 of the United States Code">33: Navigable Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_34_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 34 of the United States Code">34: Crime Control and Law Enforcement (formerly titled Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_35_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 35 of the United States Code">35: Patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">36: Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_37_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 37 of the United States Code">37: Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_38_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 38 of the United States Code">38: Veterans' Benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_39_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 39 of the United States Code">39: Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_40_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 40 of the United States Code">40: Public Buildings, Properties, and Public Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_41_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 41 of the United States Code">41: Public Contracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42: The Public Health and Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_43_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 43 of the United States Code">43: Public Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_44_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 44 of the United States Code">44: Public Printing and Documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_45_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 45 of the United States Code">45: Railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_46_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 46 of the United States Code">46: Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_47_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 47 of the United States Code">47: Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_48_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 48 of the United States Code">48: Territories and Insular Possessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_49_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 49 of the United States Code">49: Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">50: War and National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_51_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 51 of the United States Code">51: National and Commercial Space Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_52_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 52 of the United States Code">52: Voting and Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_54_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 54 of the United States Code">54: National 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