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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governmental_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governmental_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Governmental functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governmental_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Electoral mandates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Assembly_of_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Assembly_of_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>National Assembly of France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly_of_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate_of_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_of_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Senate of France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate_of_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Regional Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>General Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Municipal Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_of_communes_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_of_communes_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Community of communes Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_of_communes_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UMP_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UMP_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>UMP presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UMP_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_bid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_bid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Presidential bid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_bid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political positions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political positions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economy,_budget_and_taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy,_budget_and_taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Economy, budget and taxation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy,_budget_and_taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Domestic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conviction_for_fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conviction_for_fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conviction for fraud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conviction_for_fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2F_Conseil_affair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2F_Conseil_affair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>2F Conseil affair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2F_Conseil_affair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_Mans_race" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_Mans_race"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Le Mans race</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_Mans_race-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرنسوا فيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنسوا فيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransua_Fiyon" title="Fransua Fiyon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransua Fiyon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%81" title="ফ্রঁসোয়া ফিইয়োঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রঁসোয়া ফিইয়োঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Франсуа Фіён – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Франсуа Фіён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Франсуа Фіён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Франсуа Фіён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Франсоа Фийон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франсоа Фийон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC_%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Φρανσουά Φιγιόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρανσουά Φιγιόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرانسوا فیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسوا فیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%88%98%EC%95%84_%ED%94%BC%EC%9A%A9" title="프랑수아 피용 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑수아 피용" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1_%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ֆրանսուա Ֆիյոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսուա Ֆիյոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89" title="फ़्राँस्वा फ़ियॉ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्राँस्वा फ़ियॉ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פרנסואה פיון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנסואה פיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფრანსუა ფიიონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანსუა ფიიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Fillon" title="Franciscus Fillon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Fillon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransu%C4%81_Fijons" title="Fransuā Fijons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fransuā Fijons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Франсоа Фијон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франсоа Фијон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرنسوا فيون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنسوا فيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A8%E3%83%B3" title="フランソワ・フィヨン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランソワ・フィヨン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F_%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ហ្រាន្ដកូស ហ្វីឡុន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ្រាន្ដកូស ហ្វីឡុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Фийон, Франсуа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фийон, Франсуа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86" title="فرانسوا فیلۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرانسوا فیلۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Франсоа Фијон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франсоа Фијон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="ฟร็องซัว ฟียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟร็องซัว ฟียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Франсуа Фійон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франсуа Фійон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E6%B0%B8" title="弗朗索瓦·菲永 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗朗索瓦·菲永" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="François Fillon" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E6%B0%B8" title="弗朗索瓦·菲永 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗朗索瓦·菲永" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101410#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French politician, former prime minister</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fillon" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fillon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fillon (disambiguation)">Fillon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">François Fillon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_2010.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_2010.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_2010.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Fillon in 2010</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 May 2007 – 15 May 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Ecology">Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 February 2012 – 16 May 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Kosciusko-Morizet" title="Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet">Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Bricq" title="Nicole Bricq">Nicole Bricq</a><br />(Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(France)" title="Ministry of National Education (France)">Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 March 2004 – 31 May 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Ferry" title="Luc Ferry">Luc Ferry</a><br />(National Education and Research)<br /><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Loos" title="François Loos">François Loos</a><br />(Higher Education)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_de_Robien" title="Gilles de Robien">Gilles de Robien</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Social_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Social Affairs (France)">Minister of Social Affairs, Labour and Solidarity</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 May 2002 – 30 March 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Guigou" title="Élisabeth Guigou">Élisabeth Guigou</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Jean-Louis Borloo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Regional_Council_(France)" title="President of the Regional Council (France)">President of the Regional Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 March 1998 – 16 May 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Guichard" title="Olivier Guichard">Olivier Guichard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jean-Luc Harousseau</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Posts,_Telegraphs,_and_Telephones" title="Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones">Minister delegate for Posts, Telecommunications and Space</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 November 1995 – 2 June 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself<br />(Information Technologies and Posts)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Christian Pierret</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Information_(France)" title="Minister of Information (France)">Information Technologies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Posts,_Telegraphs,_and_Telephones" title="Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones">Posts</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 May 1995 – 7 November 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Alain Juppé</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">José Rossi<br />(Industry, Posts and Telecommunications and External Trade)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franck_Borotra" title="Franck Borotra">Franck Borotra</a><br />(Industry, Posts and Telecommunications)<br />Himself<br />(Information Technologies and Posts)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Higher Education and Research">Minister of Higher Education and Research</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 March 1993 – 11 May 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Édouard Balladur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Curien" title="Hubert Curien">Hubert Curien</a><br />(Research)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Departmental_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Departmental Council">President of the General Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 April 1992 – 20 March 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michel_d%27Ailli%C3%A8res" title="Michel d'Aillières">Michel d'Aillières</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roland_du_Luart" title="Roland du Luart">Roland du Luart</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">François Charles Armand Fillon</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1954-03-04</span>) </span>4 March 1954<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 70)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> (since 2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a> (until 2002)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> (2002–2015)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Fillon" title="Penelope Fillon">Penelope Clarke</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="28 June 1980">1980</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maine_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maine (France)">University of Maine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Descartes_University" title="Paris Descartes University">Paris Descartes University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="François Fillon's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_Signature.svg/128px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_Signature.svg/192px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_Signature.svg/256px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="82" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>François Charles Armand Fillon</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fʁɑ̃swa<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃaʁl<span class="wrap"> </span>aʁmɑ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>fijɔ̃]</a></span>; born 4 March 1954) is a French retired politician who served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> from 2007 to 2012 under President <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-decret_premier_ministre_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decret_premier_ministre-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the nominee of <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> (previously known as the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a>), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a> in which he ranked third in the first round of voting. </p><p>Fillon became <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Social_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Social Affairs (France)">Minister of Labour</a> in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the <a href="/wiki/35-hour_workweek" title="35-hour workweek">35-hour working week</a> law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Education_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of National Education (France)">Minister of National Education</a> he proposed the much debated <a href="/wiki/Fillon_law,_2005" title="Fillon law, 2005">Fillon law on Education</a>. </p><p>In 2005, Fillon was elected <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">senator</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a> department. His role as a political advisor in <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>'s successful race for president led to his becoming prime minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential elections</a>. </p><p>Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the <a href="/wiki/2016_The_Republicans_(France)_presidential_primary" title="2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary">2016 The Republicans presidential primary</a>, defeating <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a>. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a>. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "<a href="/wiki/Fillon_affair" title="Fillon affair">Penelopegate</a>" due to the involvement of <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Fillon" title="Penelope Fillon">his wife</a>. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%, and was therefore excluded from the runoff between the top two finishers. </p><p>In 2020, Fillon was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed against the sentence. In May 2022, the sentence was shortened to four years in prison (three of them suspended). </p><p>In December 2021, Fillon was named as a member of the Board of Directors of <a href="/wiki/Sibur" title="Sibur">SIBUR</a> Holding, the largest integrated petrochemical company in Russia. He resigned from this position in February 2022, following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a>, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_notary" title="Civil law notary">civil law notary</a>, while his mother, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Fillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Fillon (page does not exist)">Anne Soulet Fillon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Fillon" class="extiw" title="fr:Anne Fillon">fr</a>]</span>, is a history professor of <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basque</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His younger brother, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Fillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Fillon (page does not exist)">Pierre</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Fillon" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Fillon">fr</a>]</span> is the president of <a href="/wiki/Automobile_Club_de_l%27Ouest" title="Automobile Club de l'Ouest">Automobile Club de l'Ouest</a>, responsible for the organization and management of the <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a> auto race.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His youngest brother, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Fillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique Fillon (page does not exist)">Dominique</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Fillon" class="extiw" title="fr:Dominique Fillon">fr</a>]</span>, is a pianist and jazz musician.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_2007-05-06_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_2007-05-06-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fillon received a <a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalauréat</a> in 1972. He then studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maine_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maine (France)">University of Maine</a> in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Advanced_Studies" title="Master of Advanced Studies">master of Advanced Studies</a> (<i>diplôme d'études approfondies</i>) in public law from <a href="/wiki/Paris_Descartes_University" title="Paris Descartes University">Paris Descartes University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governmental_functions">Governmental functions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governmental functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Minister of Higher Education and Research: 1993–1995.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Minister of Information Technologies and Posts: May – November 1995.</li> <li>Minister responsible for Posts, Telecommunications and Space: 1995–1997.</li> <li>Minister of Social Affairs, Labour and Solidarity: 2002–2004.</li> <li>Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research: 2004–2005.</li> <li>Prime minister: 2007–2012.</li> <li>February to May 2012: he assumed the functions of the Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing, after the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Kosciusko-Morizet" title="Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet">Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet</a> who became spokeswoman of Nicolas Sarkozy's presidential campaign.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_mandates">Electoral mandates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electoral mandates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Assembly_of_France">National Assembly of France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National Assembly of France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>President of the Rally-UMP Group in the National Assembly: November 2012 – January 2013.</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> for Paris (<a href="/wiki/Paris%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Paris's 2nd constituency">2nd constituency</a>): 2012–2017.</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe%27s_4th_constituency" title="Sarthe's 4th constituency">4th constituency</a>): 1981–1993 (became minister in 1993); 1997–2002 (became minister in 2002); re-elected in 2007 but he became prime minister. Elected in 1981, re-elected in 1986, 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002, and 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senate_of_France">Senate of France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Senate of France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Senator for <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>: 2005–2007 (became prime minister in 2007, and he appears again as a member of the National Assembly of France in June 2007). Elected in 2004, remained as minister. Reelected in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regional_Council">Regional Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regional Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>President of the Regional Council of <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>: 1998–2002 (resignation).</li> <li>Vice-president of the Regional Council of <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>: 2002–2004.</li> <li>Regional councillor of <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>: 1998–2007 (Resignation). Reelected in 2004. Elected in <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a> constituency.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_Council">General Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: General Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>President of the General Council of <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>: 1992–1998. Reelected in 1994.</li> <li>Vice President of the General Council of <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>: 1985–1992.</li> <li>General councillor of the <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>, elected in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of France">canton</a> of Sablé-sur-Sarthe: 1981–1998. Reelected in 1985, 1992.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Municipal_Council">Municipal Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Municipal Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Sabl%C3%A9-sur-Sarthe" title="Sablé-sur-Sarthe">Sablé-sur-Sarthe</a> : 1983–2001. Reelected in 1989, 1995.</li> <li>Municipal councillor of <a href="/wiki/Sabl%C3%A9-sur-Sarthe" title="Sablé-sur-Sarthe">Sablé-sur-Sarthe</a>: 1983–2001. Reelected in 1989, 1995.</li> <li>Municipal councillor of <a href="/wiki/Solesmes,_Sarthe" title="Solesmes, Sarthe">Solesmes</a>: 2001–2014. Reelected in 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Community_of_communes_Council">Community of communes Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Community of communes Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>President of the <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_de_communes" title="Communauté de communes">Communauté de communes</a> of Sablé-sur-Sarthe: 2001–2012 (resignation). Reelected in 2008.</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_de_communes" title="Communauté de communes">Communauté de communes</a> of Sablé-sur-Sarthe: 2001–2014. Reelected in 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="Cabinet of François Fillon">Cabinet of François Fillon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_(226).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28226%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28226%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28226%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28226%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28226%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28226%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>François Fillon speaking in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_%C3%A0_l%27Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_%C3%A0_l%27Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_%C3%A0_l%27Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_%C3%A0_l%27Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_%C3%A0_l%27Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_%C3%A0_l%27Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_%C3%A0_l%27Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>François Fillon speaking in front of the National Assembly</figcaption></figure> <p>The day after <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> became president he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By appointing as Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Santini" title="André Santini">André Santini</a>, who had been indicted in the <a href="/wiki/Fondation_Hamon_affair" title="Fondation Hamon affair"><i>Fondation Hamon</i> affair</a> on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Balladur_jurisprudence" title="Balladur jurisprudence">Balladur jurisprudence</a>", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed.<sup id="cite_ref-BJ_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BJ-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as prime minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a>, Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, was appointed to succeed Fillon as prime minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UMP_presidential_election">UMP presidential election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: UMP presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cop%C3%A9" title="Jean-François Copé">Jean-François Copé</a>) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner. </p><p>Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. He formed a new parliamentary faction, the <a href="/wiki/Rassemblement-UMP_group" title="Rassemblement-UMP group">Rassemblement-UMP group</a>. </p><p>In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_bid">Presidential bid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Presidential bid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fillon entered the <a href="/wiki/2016_The_Republicans_(France)_presidential_primary" title="2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary">2016 The Republicans presidential primary</a>, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian21112016_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian21112016-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a> in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the runoff on 27 November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as The Republicans' nominee in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the presidency against the Socialist candidate <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Hamon" title="Benoît Hamon">Benoît Hamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>. However, revelations of <a href="/wiki/Fillon_affair" title="Fillon affair">series of political scandals</a> at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provoked consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy,_budget_and_taxation"><span id="Economy.2C_budget_and_taxation"></span>Economy, budget and taxation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy, budget and taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Fillon attending the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2016)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> he is more liberal than his mentor <a href="/wiki/Philippe_S%C3%A9guin" title="Philippe Séguin">Philippe Séguin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rue89.com_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rue89.com-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year",<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and reiterated this promise in 2012<sup id="cite_ref-ladepeche.fr_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ladepeche.fr-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG. </p><p>As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fillon has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program (<i>securité sociale</i>) to work better with fewer payments. </p><p>Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.<sup id="cite_ref-ladepeche.fr_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ladepeche.fr-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Domestic policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against <a href="/wiki/Civil_solidarity_pact" title="Civil solidarity pact">civil solidarity pacts</a> in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2016-11-23_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_2016-11-23-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2016-11-23_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_2016-11-23-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2016-11-23_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_2016-11-23-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fillon blamed the <a href="/wiki/2017_social_unrest_in_French_Guiana" title="2017 social unrest in French Guiana">2017 social unrest in French Guiana</a> on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesstrikesshutdownfrenchguiana_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesstrikesshutdownfrenchguiana-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_2007_10_08_lech_kaczynski_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/POL_2007_10_08_lech_kaczynski_04.jpg/220px-POL_2007_10_08_lech_kaczynski_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/POL_2007_10_08_lech_kaczynski_04.jpg/330px-POL_2007_10_08_lech_kaczynski_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/POL_2007_10_08_lech_kaczynski_04.jpg/440px-POL_2007_10_08_lech_kaczynski_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Fillon with Polish President <a href="/wiki/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Lech Kaczyński">Lech Kaczyński</a>, October 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_18_June_2009_(174).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_18_June_2009_%28174%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_18_June_2009_%28174%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_18_June_2009_%28174%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_18_June_2009_%28174%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_18_June_2009_%28174%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_18_June_2009_%28174%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3184" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>Fillon with President of the European Commission <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a>, June 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_with_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_14_September_2009-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dmitry_Medvedev_with_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_14_September_2009-3.jpg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_with_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_14_September_2009-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dmitry_Medvedev_with_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_14_September_2009-3.jpg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_with_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_14_September_2009-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dmitry_Medvedev_with_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_14_September_2009-3.jpg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_with_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_14_September_2009-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Fillon with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, September 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>-linked groups<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has stridently warned against the threat of "<a href="/wiki/Islamic_totalitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic totalitarianism">Islamic totalitarianism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-econo_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econo-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has called for dialogue with Syria under <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a><sup id="cite_ref-econo_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econo-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with the Russian Federation, under <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon,<sup id="cite_ref-ftcom_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftcom-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-econ27Nov_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econ27Nov-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Fillon himself rejects that description.<sup id="cite_ref-polit_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polit-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fillon lives with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Fillon" title="Penelope Fillon">Penelope</a>, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>) of woodland on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/River_Sarthe" class="mw-redirect" title="River Sarthe">River Sarthe</a> 4 km east of the monastery village of <a href="/wiki/Solesmes,_Sarthe" title="Solesmes, Sarthe">Solesmes</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Sabl%C3%A9-sur-Sarthe" title="Sablé-sur-Sarthe">Sablé-sur-Sarthe</a>, and about halfway between Le Mans and <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>. They had lived in various other properties, always in the <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_2007-05-06_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_2007-05-06-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fillon has a reputation as an <a href="/wiki/Anglophile" title="Anglophile">Anglophile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2007-05-18_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_2007-05-18-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, <i>née</i> Clarke, was born in <a href="/wiki/Llanover" title="Llanover">Llanover</a> in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They met while she was teaching English during her <a href="/wiki/Gap_year" title="Gap year">gap year</a> in <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a>, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_2007-05-06_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_2007-05-06-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2007-05-06_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_2007-05-06-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> and the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2007-05-18_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_2007-05-18-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-france_in_london_2015-06-17_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-france_in_london_2015-06-17-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophthalmologist">ophthalmic specialist</a> (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conviction_for_fraud">Conviction for fraud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Conviction for fraud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fillon_affair" title="Fillon affair">Fillon affair</a></div> <p>In January 2017, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Canard_encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9" title="Le Canard enchaîné">Le Canard enchaîné</a></i> published an article in which <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Fillon" title="Penelope Fillon">Penelope Fillon</a> was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's "<i>assistante parlementaire</i>" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_deux_Mondes" title="Revue des deux Mondes">Revue des deux Mondes</a></i> on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_hearing" title="Preliminary hearing">preliminary hearing</a> immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate"<sup id="cite_ref-willsher_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-willsher-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 January, new reporting by <i>Le Canard enchaîné</i> found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 March 2017, the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLCIFF" class="extiw" title="fr:OCLCIFF">OCLCIFF</a> (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a> department.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a> had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that <i>Bienvenue Place Beauvau</i>, a book co-authored by <a href="/wiki/Didier_Hassoux" title="Didier Hassoux">Didier Hassoux</a> of <i>Le Canard enchaîné</i>, suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-lefigcabinetnoiralelyseedidierhassouxdement_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lefigcabinetnoiralelyseedidierhassouxdement-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-franceinfoonnajamaisecritca_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-franceinfoonnajamaisecritca-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hassoux denied this was the case.<sup id="cite_ref-lefigcabinetnoiralelyseedidierhassouxdement_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lefigcabinetnoiralelyseedidierhassouxdement-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-franceinfoonnajamaisecritca_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-franceinfoonnajamaisecritca-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few prime ministers to ever go on trial.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their lawyers appealed against the sentence and he remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 May 2022, a French appeals court reduced Fillon's prison sentence shortened to four years with three years suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-reduced_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reduced-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife Penelope would be given a suspended two-year prison sentence for the embezzlement charge, down from three years suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-reduced_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reduced-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court maintained fines of €375,000 for each of them.<sup id="cite_ref-reduced_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reduced-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2F_Conseil_affair">2F Conseil affair</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2F Conseil affair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Canard_encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9" title="Le Canard enchaîné">Le Canard enchaîné</a></i> reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Le_Mans_race">Le Mans race</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Le Mans race"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24-hour</a> sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Automobile_Club_de_l%27Ouest" title="Automobile Club de l'Ouest">Automobile Club de l'Ouest</a>, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans_Legend" title="Le Mans Legend">Le Mans Legend</a> historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour <a href="/wiki/Circuit_de_la_Sarthe" title="Circuit de la Sarthe">circuit</a> and in a number of other classic road rallies.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmes_academiques_Commandeur_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palmes academiques Commandeur ribbon"><img alt="Palmes academiques Commandeur ribbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palmes_academiques_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/60px-Palmes_academiques_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palmes_academiques_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/90px-Palmes_academiques_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palmes_academiques_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/120px-Palmes_academiques_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Palmes_acad%C3%A9miques" title="Ordre des Palmes académiques">Order of Academic Palms</a> (2004)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/60px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/90px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_national_du_M%C3%A9rite" title="Ordre national du Mérite">National Order of Merit</a> (21 November 2007 – Automatic six months after taking office)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg/60px-Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg/90px-Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Order of Legion of Honour</a> (2012)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Toka-sho_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/JPN_Toka-sho_BAR.svg/60px-JPN_Toka-sho_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/JPN_Toka-sho_BAR.svg/90px-JPN_Toka-sho_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/JPN_Toka-sho_BAR.svg/120px-JPN_Toka-sho_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Paulownia_Flowers#Foreign_recipients" title="Order of the Paulownia Flowers">Order of the Paulownia Flowers</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/60px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/90px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/120px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun</a> (9 May 2013)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Bourgi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Bourgi (page does not exist)">Robert Bourgi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070519071357/http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/francais_attente/salle_de_presse/communique_concernant_la_nommination_du_premier_ministre.76689.html">"Communiqué de la Présidence de la République concernant la nomination du Premier ministre"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a>. 17 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/francais_attente/salle_de_presse/communique_concernant_la_nommination_du_premier_ministre.76689.html">the original</a> on 19 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+de+la+Pr%C3%A9sidence+de+la+R%C3%A9publique+concernant+la+nomination+du+Premier+ministre&rft.pub=%C3%89lys%C3%A9e+Palace&rft.date=2007-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felysee.fr%2Felysee%2Felysee.fr%2Ffrancais_attente%2Fsalle_de_presse%2Fcommunique_concernant_la_nommination_du_premier_ministre.76689.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-decret_premier_ministre-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-decret_premier_ministre_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000649193">"Décret du 17 mai 2007 portant nomination du Premier ministre"</a> (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9cret+du+17+mai+2007+portant+nomination+du+Premier+ministre&rft.pub=Legifrance.gouv.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexte.do%3FcidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000000649193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ouest-france.fr/deces-danne-fillon-mere-de-lex-premier-ministre-344598">"Décès d'Anne Fillon, mère de l'ex-Premier ministre"</a>. <i>Ouest France</i>. France. 17 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145333/http://www.ouest-france.fr/deces-danne-fillon-mere-de-lex-premier-ministre-344598">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pierre Fillon, président de l'ACO : « La naissance de l'Hypercar connaît un vrai succès »"</a>. <i>Le Maine Libre</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/06/wfra206.xml">the original</a> on 17 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Welshwoman+prepares+for+life+in+French+No+10&rft.date=2007-05-07&rft.aulast=Willsher&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.au=Finan%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F06%2Fwfra206.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pratique.leparisien.fr/biographies/biographies-personnalites-politiques/hommes-politiques/francois-fillon-1400002104#xtref=https://www.google.com/">"François Fillon - Biographie - Le Parisien"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121173149/http://pratique.leparisien.fr/biographies/biographies-personnalites-politiques/hommes-politiques/francois-fillon-1400002104#xtref=https://www.google.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+-+Biographie+-+Le+Parisien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpratique.leparisien.fr%2Fbiographies%2Fbiographies-personnalites-politiques%2Fhommes-politiques%2Ffrancois-fillon-1400002104%23xtref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMédia" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Média, Prisma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/francois_fillon">"François Fillon - La biographie de François Fillon avec Gala.fr"</a>. <i>Gala.fr</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423063807/http://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/francois_fillon">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gala.fr&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+-+La+biographie+de+Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+avec+Gala.fr&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9dia&rft.aufirst=Prisma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gala.fr%2Fstars_et_gotha%2Ffrancois_fillon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/personnalite/francois-fillon/biographie/">"François Fillon - biographie du candidat à l'élection présidentielle 2017"</a>. <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Monde</i></span>.fr</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082857/http://www.lemonde.fr/personnalite/francois-fillon/biographie/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22French-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22fr%22%3ELe+Monde%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+French-language+text.fr&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+-+biographie+du+candidat+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9lection+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpersonnalite%2Ffrancois-fillon%2Fbiographie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/francais/interventions/2007/mai/composition_du_gouvernement.77059.html">Communiqué de la Présidence de la République concernant la composition du gouvernement de M. François FILLON, Premier ministre.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070520065627/http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/francais/interventions/2007/mai/composition_du_gouvernement.77059.html">Archived</a> 20 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a>, 18 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BJ-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BJ_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/994735.html?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=994735">La mise en examen de M. Santini n'a pas empêché sa nomination au gouvernement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017144623/http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/994735.html?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=994735">Archived</a> 17 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i></span>, 22 June 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130124205533/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hpOGaxTeaNGH_zzhmwFmv6PxFwdw?docId=CNG.0564d0a57f651a32ac4df0651e203ac0.01">"AFP: Sarkozy clears decks for French government reshuffle"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hpOGaxTeaNGH_zzhmwFmv6PxFwdw?docId=CNG.0564d0a57f651a32ac4df0651e203ac0.01">the original</a> on 24 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFP%3A+Sarkozy+clears+decks+for+French+government+reshuffle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5hpOGaxTeaNGH_zzhmwFmv6PxFwdw%3FdocId%3DCNG.0564d0a57f651a32ac4df0651e203ac0.01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/15/world/europe/15france.html?src=twrhp">"French Prime Minister Reappointed"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 14 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150107223843/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/15/world/europe/15france.html?src=twrhp">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=French+Prime+Minister+Reappointed&rft.date=2010-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F15%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F15france.html%3Fsrc%3Dtwrhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/70068/1/blogs.lse.ac.uk-Fillon%20vs%20Jupp%C3%A9%20What%20policy%20differences%20are%20there%20between%20the%20French%20centre-rights%20candidates.pdf">"Fillon vs Juppé: What policy differences are there between the French centre-right's candidates?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>eprints.lse.ac.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015523/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/70068/1/blogs.lse.ac.uk-Fillon%20vs%20Jupp%C3%A9%20What%20policy%20differences%20are%20there%20between%20the%20French%20centre-rights%20candidates.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eprints.lse.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Fillon+vs+Jupp%C3%A9%3A+What+policy+differences+are+there+between+the+French+centre-right%27s+candidates%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lse.ac.uk%2F70068%2F1%2Fblogs.lse.ac.uk-Fillon%2520vs%2520Jupp%25C3%25A9%2520What%2520policy%2520differences%2520are%2520there%2520between%2520the%2520French%2520centre-rights%2520candidates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParienté2012" class="citation news cs1">Parienté, Samuel Laurent et Jonathan (18 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2012/12/18/l-accord-a-l-ump-decrypte_1807849_823448.html">"UMP : l'accord entre Fillon et Copé décrypté"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401071149/http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2012/12/18/l-accord-a-l-ump-decrypte_1807849_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=UMP+%3A+l%27accord+entre+Fillon+et+Cop%C3%A9+d%C3%A9crypt%C3%A9&rft.date=2012-12-18&rft.aulast=Parient%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Laurent+et+Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2012%2F12%2F18%2Fl-accord-a-l-ump-decrypte_1807849_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian21112016-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian21112016_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willsher, Kim, and Matthew Weaver, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/21/who-is-francois-fillon-the-man-who-ended-sarkozys-dream">"Who is François Fillon – the man who ended Sarkozy's dream?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121140713/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/21/who-is-francois-fillon-the-man-who-ended-sarkozys-dream">Archived</a> 21 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2016" class="citation news cs1">Barber, Tony (20 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/2bbff644-af60-11e6-9c37-5787335499a0">"Fillon shakes up France's unpredictable presidential race"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121165735/https://www.ft.com/content/2bbff644-af60-11e6-9c37-5787335499a0">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Fillon+shakes+up+France%27s+unpredictable+presidential+race&rft.date=2016-11-20&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F2bbff644-af60-11e6-9c37-5787335499a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-idUSKBN13M001?il=0">"France's Juppe concedes defeat, backs Fillon in presidential election"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 27 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814180035/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-idUSKBN13M001?il=0">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France%27s+Juppe+concedes+defeat%2C+backs+Fillon+in+presidential+election&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-election-idUSKBN13M001%3Fil%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2016" class="citation news cs1">Barber, Tony (27 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/879eeb24-b4dc-11e6-ba85-95d1533d9a62">"François Fillon: now the favourite to be France's next president"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130111748/https://www.ft.com/content/879eeb24-b4dc-11e6-ba85-95d1533d9a62">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon%3A+now+the+favourite+to+be+France%27s+next+president&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F879eeb24-b4dc-11e6-ba85-95d1533d9a62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugues2017" class="citation web cs1">Hugues, Pascale (7 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/presidentielle/l-affaire-fillon-vue-d-allemagne-07-02-2017-2102924_3121.php">"L'affaire Fillon vue d'Allemagne"</a>. <i>Le Point</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200223134539/https://www.lepoint.fr/presidentielle/l-affaire-fillon-vue-d-allemagne-07-02-2017-2102924_3121.php">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=L%27affaire+Fillon+vue+d%27Allemagne&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft.aulast=Hugues&rft.aufirst=Pascale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpresidentielle%2Fl-affaire-fillon-vue-d-allemagne-07-02-2017-2102924_3121.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/ump-differences-ideologiques-entre-cope-fillon-et-juppe-josee-pauchat-michael-darmon-carole-barjon-407650.html">UMP : Au-delà des postures, quelles différences idéologiques entre Copé, Fillon et Juppé</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204215459/http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/ump-differences-ideologiques-entre-cope-fillon-et-juppe-josee-pauchat-michael-darmon-carole-barjon-407650.html">Archived</a> 4 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sur atlantico.fr du <span class="nowrap">3 juillet 2012</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rue89.com-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rue89.com_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rue89.com/rue89-politique/2012/11/16/dans-la-tete-de-francois-fillon-236999">Infographie : dans la tête de François Fillon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130918184319/http://www.rue89.com/rue89-politique/2012/11/16/dans-la-tete-de-francois-fillon-236999">Archived</a> 18 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sur rue89.com du <span class="nowrap">16 novembre 2012</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5juYWCdyl6Q_CoFhBeBsGXuKIAshA">Fillon affirme être à la tête d'un État en "faillite"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> sur google.com, article AFP, du <span class="nowrap">22 septembre 2007</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ladepeche.fr-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ladepeche.fr_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ladepeche.fr_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2012/05/04/1345058-fillon-defend-le-bilan-du-quinquennat.html">Castres. Fillon défend le bilan du quinquennat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721222130/http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2012/05/04/1345058-fillon-defend-le-bilan-du-quinquennat.html">Archived</a> 21 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sur ladepeche.fr du <span class="nowrap">4 mai 2012</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2012/02/14/regle-or-referendum-fillon_n_1275736.html">Règle d'Or: Fillon pour un référendum après l'élection présidentielle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170206115815/http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2012/02/14/regle-or-referendum-fillon_n_1275736.html">Archived</a> 6 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sur Huffingtonpost.fr du <span class="nowrap">14 février 2012</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Francois-Fillon-L-assommoir-fiscal-tue-l-economie-525526">François Fillon: "L'assommoir fiscal tue l'économie"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170127211932/http://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Francois-Fillon-L-assommoir-fiscal-tue-l-economie-525526">Archived</a> 27 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sur Parismatch.com du <span class="nowrap">27 août 2013</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21710928-former-prime-minister-takes-67-vote-complete-stunning-upset-frances-republicans">"France's Republicans choose François Fillon to battle Marine Le Pen for the presidency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 27 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128060729/http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21710928-former-prime-minister-takes-67-vote-complete-stunning-upset-frances-republicans">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=France%27s+Republicans+choose+Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+to+battle+Marine+Le+Pen+for+the+presidency&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F21710928-former-prime-minister-takes-67-vote-complete-stunning-upset-frances-republicans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-20/french-thatcherite-upends-2017-race-pledging-to-shrink-the-state">"French Thatcherite Upends 2017 Race Pledging to Shrink the State"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225122832/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-20/french-thatcherite-upends-2017-race-pledging-to-shrink-the-state">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=French+Thatcherite+Upends+2017+Race+Pledging+to+Shrink+the+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-11-20%2Ffrench-thatcherite-upends-2017-race-pledging-to-shrink-the-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2016" class="citation news cs1">Samuel, Henry (30 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/27/francois-fillon-set-face-marine-le-pen-winning-french-presidential/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'France wants action': Thatcherite Francois Fillon promises radical reforms after winning presidential primary"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180327064605/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/27/francois-fillon-set-face-marine-le-pen-winning-french-presidential/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2018</span> – via www.telegraph.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=%27France+wants+action%27%3A+Thatcherite+Francois+Fillon+promises+radical+reforms+after+winning+presidential+primary&rft.date=2016-11-30&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F11%2F27%2Ffrancois-fillon-set-face-marine-le-pen-winning-french-presidential%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParis2016" class="citation news cs1">Paris, Adam Sage (28 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/france-splash-pd5gh7dtd">"Thatcherite victor vows sharp shock for France"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200223141545/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/france-splash-pd5gh7dtd">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span> – via www.thetimes.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thatcherite+victor+vows+sharp+shock+for+France&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft.aulast=Paris&rft.aufirst=Adam+Sage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ffrance-splash-pd5gh7dtd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Francois-Fillon-L-assommoir-fiscal-tue-l-economie-525526">François Fillon : "L'assommoir fiscal tue l'économie"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170127211932/http://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Francois-Fillon-L-assommoir-fiscal-tue-l-economie-525526">Archived</a> 27 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sur parismatch.com du <span class="nowrap">27 août 2013</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/presidentielle-primaire-droite/20161120.OBS1455/primaire-a-droite-ce-que-contient-le-programme-tres-conservateur-de-francois-fillon.html">"Primaire à droite : ce que contient le programme très conservateur de François Fillon"</a>. 27 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204831/https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/presidentielle-primaire-droite/20161120.OBS1455/primaire-a-droite-ce-que-contient-le-programme-tres-conservateur-de-francois-fillon.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primaire+%C3%A0+droite+%3A+ce+que+contient+le+programme+tr%C3%A8s+conservateur+de+Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fpolitique%2Fpresidentielle-primaire-droite%2F20161120.OBS1455%2Fprimaire-a-droite-ce-que-contient-le-programme-tres-conservateur-de-francois-fillon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.midilibre.fr/2013/01/31/quand-fillon-votait-contre-la-depenalisation-de-l-homosexualite-et-le-pacs,636283.php">"Quand Fillon votait contre la dépénalisation de l'homosexualité et le PACS"</a> [When Fillon voted against the decriminalisation of homosexuality and PACS]. <i>Midi Libre</i> (in French). Societe du Journal Midi Libre S.A. 31 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203201407/http://www.midilibre.fr/2013/01/31/quand-fillon-votait-contre-la-depenalisation-de-l-homosexualite-et-le-pacs,636283.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Midi+Libre&rft.atitle=Quand+Fillon+votait+contre+la+d%C3%A9p%C3%A9nalisation+de+l%27homosexualit%C3%A9+et+le+PACS&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midilibre.fr%2F2013%2F01%2F31%2Fquand-fillon-votait-contre-la-depenalisation-de-l-homosexualite-et-le-pacs%2C636283.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_2016-11-23-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2016-11-23_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2016-11-23_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2016-11-23_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2016" class="citation web cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (23 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/23/francois-fillon-french-right-favourite-election">"How François Fillon became the French right's new hope"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161126231537/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/23/francois-fillon-french-right-favourite-election">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+became+the+French+right%27s+new+hope&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fnov%2F23%2Ffrancois-fillon-french-right-favourite-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimesstrikesshutdownfrenchguiana-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimesstrikesshutdownfrenchguiana_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeden2017" class="citation news cs1">Breeden, Aurelien (27 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/27/world/europe/french-guiana-general-strike-france.html">"Strikes Shut Down French Guiana, With Effects Resonating in Paris"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331102148/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/27/world/europe/french-guiana-general-strike-france.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Strikes+Shut+Down+French+Guiana%2C+With+Effects+Resonating+in+Paris&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft.aulast=Breeden&rft.aufirst=Aurelien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F27%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrench-guiana-general-strike-france.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFERASMUS2016" class="citation news cs1">ERASMUS (24 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2016/11/europe-islam-and-salafism">"As European authorities target Salafism, the word needs parsing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161126192809/http://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2016/11/europe-islam-and-salafism">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=As+European+authorities+target+Salafism%2C+the+word+needs+parsing&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft.au=ERASMUS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Ferasmus%2F2016%2F11%2Feurope-islam-and-salafism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-econo-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-econo_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-econo_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21710616-fran-ois-fillon-former-pm-takes-lead-over-favourite-alain-jupp-republican-primary">"A Republican primary upset knocks Nicolas Sarkozy out of France's presidential race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 20 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161127075609/http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21710616-fran-ois-fillon-former-pm-takes-lead-over-favourite-alain-jupp-republican-primary">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2016</span>. <q>Ties became particularly close between Messrs Fillon and Putin ....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+and+the+danger+of+dancing+with+the+Russian+bear&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft.aulast=Heisbourg&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F8832b0ea-b33b-11e6-9c37-5787335499a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-econ27Nov-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-econ27Nov_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21710867-former-prime-ministers-programme-economically-liberal-and-culturally-conservative-fran-ois">"François Fillon's win in France's Republican primaries upends the presidential race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 26 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161127055233/http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21710867-former-prime-ministers-programme-economically-liberal-and-culturally-conservative-fran-ois">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon%27s+win+in+France%27s+Republican+primaries+upends+the+presidential+race&rft.date=2016-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F21710867-former-prime-ministers-programme-economically-liberal-and-culturally-conservative-fran-ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polit-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-polit_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.eu/article/francois-fillon-thatcherite-with-a-thing-for-russia-juppe-france/">"François Fillon, Thatcherite with a thing for Russia"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. 21 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130114348/http://www.politico.eu/article/francois-fillon-thatcherite-with-a-thing-for-russia-juppe-france/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 23 November 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2007" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Matthew (7 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110923212303/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2604132.ece">"Madame Rosbif pricks Gallic pride"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2604132.ece">the original</a> on 23 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Madame+Rosbif+pricks+Gallic+pride&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticle2604132.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_2007-05-06-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2007-05-06_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2007" class="citation news cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (6 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/france/story/0,,2073838,00.html">"Sarkozy's first hundred days"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+%E2%80%93+Minister+for+National+Education%2C+Higher+Education+and+Research&rft.pub=Embassy+of+France+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2004-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambafrance-us.org%2Fatoz%2Fbio%2Fbio_fillon.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-france_in_london_2015-06-17-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-france_in_london_2015-06-17_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2015" class="citation news cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (17 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franceinlondon.com/en-Events-in-London-5821-Francois-Fillon-in-London-on-17th-June-Politics--london-17th-june.html">"François Fillon in London on 17th June"</a>. <i>France in London</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Why+do+European+companies+bother+to+hire+ex-politicians%3F&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2F21728975-month-gerhard-schr-der-starts-new-job-rosneft-why-do-european-companies-bother&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/6654397.stm">"Welsh wife of new French premier"</a>. 17 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200223134539/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/6654397.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span> – via news.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Welsh+wife+of+new+French+premier&rft.date=2007-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fwales%2F6654397.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/elections-presidentielle-legislatives-2017/2017/01/25/emploi-de-penelope-fillon-comment-les-fillonistes-organisent-la-defense-du-candidat_1543935"><i>Emploi de Penelope Fillon : comment les fillonistes organisent la défense du candidat</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170128205052/http://www.liberation.fr/elections-presidentielle-legislatives-2017/2017/01/25/emploi-de-penelope-fillon-comment-les-fillonistes-organisent-la-defense-du-candidat_1543935">Archived</a> 28 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, on <i>Libération</i> (accessed on 28 January 2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-willsher-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-willsher_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillsher2017" class="citation news cs1">Willsher, Kim (4 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/04/francois-fillon-french-president-chances-sink-penelopegate">"François Fillon sinks in polls after 'Penelopegate' scandal"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205010837/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/04/francois-fillon-french-president-chances-sink-penelopegate">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+sinks+in+polls+after+%27Penelopegate%27+scandal&rft.date=2017-02-04&rft.aulast=Willsher&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Ffeb%2F04%2Ffrancois-fillon-french-president-chances-sink-penelopegate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesechos.fr/elections/francois-fillon/0211733645832-laffaire-penelope-fillon-vue-par-la-presse-etrangere-2060342.php"><i>Les révélations du Canard Enchaîné sur les rémunérations perçues par la femme de François Fillon n’ont pas manqué de faire réagir, de Londres, à Moscou en passant par Berlin et Madrid</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126155425/http://www.lesechos.fr/elections/francois-fillon/0211733645832-laffaire-penelope-fillon-vue-par-la-presse-etrangere-2060342.php">Archived</a> 26 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, on <i>Les Échos</i> (France) (accessed on 28 January 2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/en-direct/a-chaud/32864-fillon-sondage-presidentielle2017-affaire-penelope-fillon.html"><i>Affaire Penelope Fillon : la popularité du candidat en chute libre, d'après ce sondage</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129192653/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/en-direct/a-chaud/32864-fillon-sondage-presidentielle2017-affaire-penelope-fillon.html">Archived</a> 29 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, on <i>tempsreel.nouvelobs.com</i> (accessed on 28 January 2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillsher2017" class="citation news cs1">Willsher, Kim (31 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/31/francois-fillon-faces-fresh-claims-over-paying-wife-and-children">"François Fillon faces fresh claims over paying wife and children"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131221300/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/31/francois-fillon-faces-fresh-claims-over-paying-wife-and-children">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+faces+fresh+claims+over+paying+wife+and+children&rft.date=2017-01-31&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Willsher&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjan%2F31%2Ffrancois-fillon-faces-fresh-claims-over-paying-wife-and-children&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">lefigaro.fr: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2017/02/06/35003-20170206LIVWWW00144-affaire-fillon-conference-penelopegate-alain-juppe.php"><i>Fillon: «Rien ne me fera changer d'avis, je suis candidat à l'élection présidentielle»</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170206153248/http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2017/02/06/35003-20170206LIVWWW00144-affaire-fillon-conference-penelopegate-alain-juppe.php">Archived</a> 6 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonde.fr2017" class="citation news cs1">Monde.fr, Le (4 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/affaire-penelope-fillon/article/2017/03/04/affaire-fillon-perquisition-dans-le-chateau-sarthois-du-couple_5089427_5070021.html">"Affaire Fillon : perquisition dans le château sarthois du couple"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114606/http://www.lemonde.fr//affaire-penelope-fillon/article/2017/03/04/affaire-fillon-perquisition-dans-le-chateau-sarthois-du-couple_5089427_5070021.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Affaire+Fillon+%3A+perquisition+dans+le+ch%C3%A2teau+sarthois+du+couple&rft.date=2017-03-04&rft.aulast=Monde.fr&rft.aufirst=Le&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Faffaire-penelope-fillon%2Farticle%2F2017%2F03%2F04%2Faffaire-fillon-perquisition-dans-le-chateau-sarthois-du-couple_5089427_5070021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/politique/perquisition-au-domicile-des-epoux-fillon-a-paris-02-03-2017-6727212.php">"Perquisition au domicile des époux Fillon à Paris"</a>. 23 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305091441/http://www.leparisien.fr/politique/perquisition-au-domicile-des-epoux-fillon-a-paris-02-03-2017-6727212.php">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perquisition+au+domicile+des+%C3%A9poux+Fillon+%C3%A0+Paris&rft.date=2017-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fperquisition-au-domicile-des-epoux-fillon-a-paris-02-03-2017-6727212.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHausser2017" class="citation web cs1">Hausser, Anita (6 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/jour-ou-francois-fillon-reussi-rebattre-cartes-et-ou-francois-baroin-gagne-journee-2982732.html">"Le jour où François Fillon a réussi à rebattre les cartes (et où François Baroin a gagné sa journée...)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Atlantico.fr" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantico.fr">atlantico.fr</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317073644/http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/jour-ou-francois-fillon-reussi-rebattre-cartes-et-ou-francois-baroin-gagne-journee-2982732.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atlantico.fr&rft.atitle=Le+jour+o%C3%B9+Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+a+r%C3%A9ussi+%C3%A0+rebattre+les+cartes+%28et+o%C3%B9+Fran%C3%A7ois+Baroin+a+gagn%C3%A9+sa+journ%C3%A9e...%29&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=Hausser&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantico.fr%2Fdecryptage%2Fjour-ou-francois-fillon-reussi-rebattre-cartes-et-ou-francois-baroin-gagne-journee-2982732.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FAZ.net 7 March 2017 / Michaela Wiegel: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/-gpf-8vn3w"><i>Der „Trump-Moment“ der Republikaner</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214204236/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/francois-fillon-der-franzoesische-trump-14913212.html">Archived</a> 14 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lefigcabinetnoiralelyseedidierhassouxdement-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lefigcabinetnoiralelyseedidierhassouxdement_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lefigcabinetnoiralelyseedidierhassouxdement_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/03/23/97001-20170323FILWWW00419-cabinet-noir-a-l-elysee-didier-hassoux-dement-les-propos-de-fillon.php">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Cabinet noir" à l'Elysée: Didier Hassoux dément les propos de Fillon"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i>. 23 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170324022031/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/03/23/97001-20170323FILWWW00419-cabinet-noir-a-l-elysee-didier-hassoux-dement-les-propos-de-fillon.php">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=%22Cabinet+noir%22+%C3%A0+l%27Elys%C3%A9e%3A+Didier+Hassoux+d%C3%A9ment+les+propos+de+Fillon&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2017%2F03%2F23%2F97001-20170323FILWWW00419-cabinet-noir-a-l-elysee-didier-hassoux-dement-les-propos-de-fillon.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-franceinfoonnajamaisecritca-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franceinfoonnajamaisecritca_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-franceinfoonnajamaisecritca_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/francois-fillon/penelope-fillon/francois-hollande-et-le-cabinet-noir-on-n-a-jamais-ecrit-ca-selon-un-des-auteurs_2111685.html">"François Hollande et le "cabinet noir" : "On n'a jamais écrit ça", dit un des auteurs du livre cité par François Fillon"</a>. <i>France Info</i>. 23 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170325205300/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/francois-fillon/penelope-fillon/francois-hollande-et-le-cabinet-noir-on-n-a-jamais-ecrit-ca-selon-un-des-auteurs_2111685.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+Info&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Hollande+et+le+%22cabinet+noir%22+%3A+%22On+n%27a+jamais+%C3%A9crit+%C3%A7a%22%2C+dit+un+des+auteurs+du+livre+cit%C3%A9+par+Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Ffrancois-fillon%2Fpenelope-fillon%2Ffrancois-hollande-et-le-cabinet-noir-on-n-a-jamais-ecrit-ca-selon-un-des-auteurs_2111685.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-24/former-french-prime-minister-and-wife-go-on-trial-for-fraud">"Former French prime minister and wife go on trial for alleged fraud"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 24 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703152809/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-24/former-french-prime-minister-and-wife-go-on-trial-for-fraud">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Former+French+prime+minister+and+wife+go+on+trial+for+alleged+fraud&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2020-02-24%2Fformer-french-prime-minister-and-wife-go-on-trial-for-fraud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBisserbe2020" class="citation news cs1">Bisserbe, Noemie (29 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/former-french-prime-minister-sentenced-to-prison-on-corruption-charges-11593447376?mod=e2tw%3C/ref%3E%3Cref%3Ehttps://www.france24.com/en/20200311-prosecutors-ask-for-jail-time-for-french-ex-pm-fillon-over-fake-jobs">"Former French Prime Minister Sentenced to Prison on Corruption Charges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731175553/https://www.wsj.com/articles/former-french-prime-minister-sentenced-to-prison-on-corruption-charges-11593447376?mod=e2tw%3C%2Fref%3E%3Cref%3Ehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20200311-prosecutors-ask-for-jail-time-for-french-ex-pm-fillon-over-fake-jobs">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Former+French+Prime+Minister+Sentenced+to+Prison+on+Corruption+Charges&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft.aulast=Bisserbe&rft.aufirst=Noemie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fformer-french-prime-minister-sentenced-to-prison-on-corruption-charges-11593447376%3Fmod%3De2tw%253C%2Fref%253E%253Cref%253Ehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20200311-prosecutors-ask-for-jail-time-for-french-ex-pm-fillon-over-fake-jobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCondomines2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Condomines, Anaïs (29 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2020/06/29/francois-fillon-condamne-a-deux-ans-ferme-ira-t-il-en-prison_1792802">"François Fillon, condamné à deux ans ferme, ira-t-il en prison ?"</a>. <i>Libération.fr</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117050914/https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2020/06/29/francois-fillon-condamne-a-deux-ans-ferme-ira-t-il-en-prison_1792802">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration.fr&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon%2C+condamn%C3%A9+%C3%A0+deux+ans+ferme%2C+ira-t-il+en+prison+%3F&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft.aulast=Condomines&rft.aufirst=Ana%C3%AFs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fchecknews%2F2020%2F06%2F29%2Ffrancois-fillon-condamne-a-deux-ans-ferme-ira-t-il-en-prison_1792802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reduced-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reduced_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reduced_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reduced_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220509-former-french-pm-fillon-jailed-on-appeal-over-fake-jobs-scandal-involving-his-wife">"French court upholds one-year sentence for ex-PM Fillon in 'fake jobs' scandal"</a>. France 24. 9 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+court+upholds+one-year+sentence+for+ex-PM+Fillon+in+%27fake+jobs%27+scandal&rft.date=2022-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20220509-former-french-pm-fillon-jailed-on-appeal-over-fake-jobs-scandal-involving-his-wife&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lci.fr/elections/selon-le-canard-enchaine-francois-fillon-aurait-touche-50-000-dollars-pour-jouer-l-intermediaire-entre-poutine-et-un-homme-d-affaires-2029830.html">"François Fillon aurait touché 50.000 dollars pour jouer l'intermédiaire entre Poutine et un milliardaire libanais, selon le "Canard enchaîné"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. LCI. 21 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322032352/http://www.lci.fr/elections/selon-le-canard-enchaine-francois-fillon-aurait-touche-50-000-dollars-pour-jouer-l-intermediaire-entre-poutine-et-un-homme-d-affaires-2029830.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+aurait+touch%C3%A9+50.000+dollars+pour+jouer+l%27interm%C3%A9diaire+entre+Poutine+et+un+milliardaire+libanais%2C+selon+le+%22Canard+encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9%22&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lci.fr%2Felections%2Fselon-le-canard-enchaine-francois-fillon-aurait-touche-50-000-dollars-pour-jouer-l-intermediaire-entre-poutine-et-un-homme-d-affaires-2029830.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandprix.com/ns/ns19110.html">"Le Mans racer to be France's next Prime Minister?"</a>. GrandPrix.com. 7 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070512010911/http://www.grandprix.com/ns/ns19110.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Mans+racer+to+be+France%27s+next+Prime+Minister%3F&rft.pub=GrandPrix.com&rft.date=2007-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandprix.com%2Fns%2Fns19110.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportscar365.com/industry/behind-the-title-pierre-fillon/">"behind the title Pierre Fillon"</a>. sportscar365.com. 9 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630091203/http://sportscar365.com/industry/behind-the-title-pierre-fillon/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=behind+the+title+Pierre+Fillon&rft.pub=sportscar365.com&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportscar365.com%2Findustry%2Fbehind-the-title-pierre-fillon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090212214944/http://www.20minutes.fr/article/195987/Politique-Fillon-decore-de-la-Grand-croix-de-l-ordre-national-du-merite-par-Sarkozy.php">"20minutes.fr"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20minutes.fr/article/195987/Politique-Fillon-decore-de-la-Grand-croix-de-l-ordre-national-du-merite-par-Sarkozy.php">the original</a> on 12 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20minutes.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.20minutes.fr%2Farticle%2F195987%2FPolitique-Fillon-decore-de-la-Grand-croix-de-l-ordre-national-du-merite-par-Sarkozy.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Fillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:François Fillon">François Fillon</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516195836/http://www.blog-fillon.com/">François Fillon's blog</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070413151755/http://www.lefigaro.fr/election-presidentielle-2007/20070412.WWW000000360_nicolas_sarkozy_francois_fillon_a_le_profil_dun_premier_ministre.html">Le Figaro interview</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?2732">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michel_d%27Ailli%C3%A8res" title="Michel d'Aillières">Michel d'Aillières</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Departmental_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Departmental Council">President of the General Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a> </b><br />1992–1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roland_du_Luart" title="Roland du Luart">Roland du Luart</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Curien" title="Hubert Curien">Hubert Curien</a></div><i><b>as Minister of Research </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Higher Education and Research">Minister of Higher Education and Research</a> </b><br />1993–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/1998_French_regional_elections#Presidents_of_the_Regional_Council" title="1998 French regional elections">José Rossi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Information_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Information Ministers of France">Information Technologies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Posts,_Telegraphs,_and_Telephones" title="Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones">Posts</a> </b><br />1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Franck_Borotra" title="Franck Borotra">Franck Borotra</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Posts,_Telegraphs,_and_Telephones" title="Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones">Minister responsible for Posts, Telecommunications and Space</a> </b><br />1995–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vosges%27_2nd_constituency#Historic_Representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Vosges' 2nd constituency">Christian Pierret</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Guichard" title="Olivier Guichard">Olivier Guichard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a> </b><br />1998–2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/2004_French_regional_elections#Pays_de_la_Loire" title="2004 French regional elections">Jean-Luc Harousseau</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Guigou" title="Élisabeth Guigou">Élisabeth Guigou</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Social_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Social Affairs (France)">Minister of Social Affairs, Labour and Solidarity</a> </b><br />2002–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Jean-Louis Borloo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Ferry" title="Luc Ferry">Luc Ferry</a></div><i><b>as Minister of National Education and Research </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(France)" title="Ministry of National Education (France)">Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research</a> </b><br />2004–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_de_Robien" title="Gilles de Robien">Gilles de Robien</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Loos" title="François Loos">François Loos</a></div><i><b>as Minister of Higher Education </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Kosciusko-Morizet" title="Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet">Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ecology,_Sustainable_Development,_Transport_and_Housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing">Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing</a> </b><br />2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Bricq" title="Nicole Bricq">Nicole Bricq</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> </b><br />2007–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a></div><i><b>as Former Prime Minister </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/French_order_of_precedence" title="French order of precedence">Order of precedence of France</a><br /><i>Former Prime Minister</i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a></div><i><b>as Former Prime Minister </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_5th_Duke_of_Richelieu" title="Armand Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Dessolles,_1st_Marquis_Dessolles" title="Jean Joseph Dessolles, 1st Marquis Dessolles">Dessolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie,_duc_Decazes" title="Élie, duc Decazes">Decazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_5th_Duke_of_Richelieu" title="Armand Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Gay,_1st_Viscount_of_Martignac" title="Jean Baptiste Gay, 1st Viscount of Martignac">Martignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Laffitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pierre_P%C3%A9rier" title="Casimir Pierre Périer">Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maurice_G%C3%A9rard" title="Étienne Maurice Gérard">Gérard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Maret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Treviso" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Treviso">Mortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Dupont de l'Eure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">Arago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis-Eugène Cavaignac">Cavaignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Barrot" title="Odilon Barrot">Barrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Henri_d%27Hautpoul" title="Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul">Hautpoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Faucher" title="Léon Faucher">Faucher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Ollivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cousin-Montauban,_Comte_de_Palikao" title="Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao">Cousin-Montauban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense" title="Government of National Defense">Government of<br />National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Trochu" title="Louis-Jules Trochu">Trochu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Broglie,_4th_Duke_of_Broglie" title="Albert de Broglie, 4th Duke of Broglie">A. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey" title="Ernest Courtot de Cissey">Cissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Simon" title="Jules Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Broglie,_4th_Duke_of_Broglie" title="Albert de Broglie, 4th Duke of Broglie">A. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan_de_Rochebou%C3%ABt" title="Gaëtan de Rochebouët">Rochebouët</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waddington" title="William Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goblet" title="René Goblet">Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Floquet" title="Charles Floquet">Floquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Loubet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Casimir-Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_M%C3%A9line" title="Jules Méline">Méline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Waldeck-Rousseau" title="Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau">Waldeck-Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Combes" title="Émile Combes">Combes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sarrien" title="Ferdinand Sarrien">Sarrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Monis" title="Ernest Monis">Monis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Millerand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leygues" title="Georges Leygues">Leygues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Steeg" title="Théodore Steeg">Steeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Bouisson" title="Fernand Bouisson">Bouisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional<br />Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Gouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie" title="André Marie">Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Laniel" title="Joseph Laniel">Laniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Mendès France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Mollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Bourgès-Maunoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard" title="Félix Gaillard">Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Chaban-Delmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mauroy" title="Pierre Mauroy">Mauroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Rocard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Balladur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Jospin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Raffarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Villepin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Ayrault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Valls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cazeneuve" title="Bernard Cazeneuve">Cazeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Castex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Borne" title="Élisabeth Borne">Borne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Attal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_France" title="Chief minister of France">Chief minister of France</a> (pre-Revolution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Deputy Prime Minister</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Fillon_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fillon_I" title="Template:Fillon I"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fillon_I" title="Template talk:Fillon I"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fillon_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fillon I"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Fillon_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">First <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fillon</a> government</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Fillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kouchner" title="Bernard Kouchner">Bernard Kouchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Morin" title="Hervé Morin">Hervé Morin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Alliot-Marie" title="Michèle Alliot-Marie">Michèle Alliot-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brice_Hortefeux" title="Brice Hortefeux">Brice Hortefeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachida_Dati" title="Rachida Dati">Rachida Dati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Jean-Louis Borloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_W%C5%93rth" class="mw-redirect" title="Éric Wœrth">Éric Wœrth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Boutin" title="Christine Boutin">Christine Boutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Darcos" title="Xavier Darcos">Xavier Darcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Valérie Pécresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Albanel" title="Christine Albanel">Christine Albanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roselyne_Bachelot" title="Roselyne Bachelot">Roselyne Bachelot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of France"><img alt="Coat of Arms of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/50px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/100px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of France</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Fillon_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fillon_II" title="Template:Fillon II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fillon_II" title="Template talk:Fillon II"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fillon_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fillon II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Fillon_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Second <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fillon</a> government</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Fillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Jean-Louis Borloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Alliot-Marie" title="Michèle Alliot-Marie">Michèle Alliot-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kouchner" title="Bernard Kouchner">Bernard Kouchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Morin" title="Hervé Morin">Hervé Morin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brice_Hortefeux" title="Brice Hortefeux">Brice Hortefeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Darcos" title="Xavier Darcos">Xavier Darcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_W%C5%93rth" class="mw-redirect" title="Éric Wœrth">Éric Wœrth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Besson" title="Éric Besson">Éric Besson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Chatel" title="Luc Chatel">Luc Chatel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Valérie Pécresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mitterrand" title="Frédéric Mitterrand">Frédéric Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roselyne_Bachelot" title="Roselyne Bachelot">Roselyne Bachelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mercier" title="Michel Mercier">Michel Mercier</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of France"><img alt="Coat of Arms of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/50px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/100px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of France</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2017 French presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2017 French presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2017 French presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2017_French_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 French presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">EM</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">FN</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/2017_Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign" title="2017 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign">campaign</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Fillon</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">LFI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Hamon" title="Benoît Hamon">Benoît Hamon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">DLF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lassalle" title="Jean Lassalle">Jean Lassalle</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistons!" class="mw-redirect" title="Résistons!">RES</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Poutou" title="Philippe Poutou">Philippe Poutou</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">NPA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Asselineau" title="François Asselineau">François Asselineau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Union_(2007)" title="Popular Republican Union (2007)">UPR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Arthaud" title="Nathalie Arthaud">Nathalie Arthaud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">LO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cheminade" title="Jacques Cheminade">Jacques Cheminade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Solidarity_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity and Progress">SP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101410#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101410#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101410#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114365674">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1223971">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1782126/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm98X49CtQtfTwKYhHcT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134218086">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007059907">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12389021r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12389021r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810619581305606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/3009">Sycomore</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032969376">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Republicans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Republicans_(France)" title="Template:The Republicans (France)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Republicans_(France)" title="Template talk:The Republicans (France)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Republicans_(France)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Republicans (France)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Republicans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)"><span style="color:white;">The Republicans</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement#Leadership" title="Union for a Popular Movement"><span style="color:white;">Predecessors</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a> (1947–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_of_Social_Republicans" title="National Centre of Social Republicans">National Centre of Social Republicans</a> (1954–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_New_Republic" title="Union for the New Republic">Union for the New Republic</a> (1958–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_for_the_Republic" title="Union of Democrats for the Republic">Union of Democrats for the Republic</a> (1967–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a> (1976–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> (2002–2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a> (2016 <i>ad interim</i>, 2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Leonetti" title="Jean Leonetti">Jean Leonetti</a> (2019 <i>ad interim</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Jacob_(politician)" title="Christian Jacob (politician)">Christian Jacob</a> (2019–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Genevard" title="Annie Genevard">Annie Genevard</a> (2022 <i>ad interim</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Éric Ciotti</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Secretaries-general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Woerth" title="Éric Woerth">Éric Woerth</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Accoyer" title="Bernard Accoyer">Bernard Accoyer</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Genevard" title="Annie Genevard">Annie Genevard</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lien_Pradi%C3%A9" title="Aurélien Pradié">Aurélien Pradié</a> (2019–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Fillon</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Valérie Pécresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_The_Republicans_(France)_presidential_primary" title="2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary">2016 presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_The_Republicans_(France)_leadership_election" title="2017 The Republicans (France) leadership election">2017 leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_The_Republicans_(France)_leadership_election" title="2019 The Republicans (France) leadership election">2019 leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_The_Republicans_congress" title="2021 The Republicans congress">2021 presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_The_Republicans_(France)_leadership_election" title="2022 The Republicans (France) leadership election">2022 leadership election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Parliamentary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_group_(National_Assembly)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republicans group (National Assembly)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_group_(Senate)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republicans group (Senate)">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Template:Union for a Popular Movement"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Template talk:Union for a Popular Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Union for a Popular Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement"><span style="color:white;">Union for a Popular Movement</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic#Leadership" title="Rally for the Republic"><span style="color:white;">Predecessors</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a> (1947–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_of_Social_Republicans" title="National Centre of Social Republicans">National Centre of Social Republicans</a> (1954–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_New_Republic" title="Union for the New Republic">Union for the New Republic</a> (1958–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_for_the_Republic" title="Union of Democrats for the Republic">Union of Democrats for the Republic</a> (1967–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a> (1976–2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Presidents</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a> (2002–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cop%C3%A9" title="Jean-François Copé">Jean-François Copé</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (2014–2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Vice Presidents</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Gaudin" title="Jean-Claude Gaudin">Jean-Claude Gaudin</a> (2002–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Chatel" title="Luc Chatel">Luc Chatel</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Kosciusko-Morizet" title="Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet">Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet</a> (2014–2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Secretaries-General</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Douste-Blazy" title="Philippe Douste-Blazy">Philippe Douste-Blazy</a> (2002–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_M%C3%A9haignerie" title="Pierre Méhaignerie">Pierre Méhaignerie</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Devedjian" title="Patrick Devedjian">Patrick Devedjian</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a> (2008–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cop%C3%A9" title="Jean-François Copé">Jean-François Copé</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Tabarot" title="Michèle Tabarot">Michèle Tabarot</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Chatel" title="Luc Chatel">Luc Chatel</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a> (2014–2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;;width:1%">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;;width:1%">Prime Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</a> (2002–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a> (2005–2007)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Fillon</a> (2007–2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;;width:1%">Congresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Union_for_a_Popular_Movement_leadership_election" title="2002 Union for a Popular Movement leadership election">2002</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Union_for_a_Popular_Movement_leadership_election" title="2004 Union for a Popular Movement leadership election">2004</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Union_for_a_Popular_Movement_leadership_election" title="2012 Union for a Popular Movement leadership election">2012</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0051AE; color:white;;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Strong_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="The Strong Right">The Strong Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Right" title="The Social Right">The Social Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_and_Humanist_France" title="Modern and Humanist France">Modern and Humanist France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism,_a_way_forward_for_France" title="Gaullism, a way forward for France">Gaullism, a way forward for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Popular_Right" title="The Popular Right">The Popular Right</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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