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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cyprus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cyprus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etymology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistoric_and_ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric_and_ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistoric and ancient period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric_and_ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Ottoman Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 British Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_and_inter-communal_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_and_inter-communal_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Independence and inter-communal violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_and_inter-communal_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1974_coup_d'état,_invasion,_and_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1974_coup_d'état,_invasion,_and_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 1974 coup d'état, invasion, and division </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1974_coup_d'état,_invasion,_and_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Post-division </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Water supply </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exclaves_and_enclaves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exclaves_and_enclaves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Exclaves and enclaves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exclaves_and_enclaves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law,_justice_and_human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law,_justice_and_human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Law, justice and human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law,_justice_and_human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Mass media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Cyprus</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 258 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-258" aria-hidden="true" > 258 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D3%80%D1%8D_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81" title="ДыгъапӀэ Къыпрыс – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ДыгъапӀэ Къыпрыс" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Zypern" title="Republik Zypern – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Republik Zypern" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%86%E1%8C%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%88%B5" title="ቆጵሮስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቆጵሮስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kypros" title="Kypros – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kypros" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="सायप्रस – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सायप्रस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipros" title="Cipros – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cipros" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="قبرص – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قبرص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chipre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3" title="ܩܘܦܪܘܣ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܦܪܘܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Կիպրոս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կիպրոս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipru" title="Chipru – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Chipru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipro_(payis)" title="Cipro (payis) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cipro (payis)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="চাইপ্ৰাছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চাইপ্ৰাছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xipre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="साइप्रस – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="साइप्रस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADpere" title="Chípere – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chípere" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr" title="Kipr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kipr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="قیبریس جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیبریس جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="সাইপ্রাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাইপ্রাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku-p%C3%AD-l%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Ku-pí-lō͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ku-pí-lō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Кипр Республикаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кипр Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кіпр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіпр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кіпр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіпр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="साइप्रस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="साइप्रस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saepras" title="Saepras – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Saepras" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Република Кипър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Република Кипър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Zypern" title="Republik Zypern – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Republik Zypern" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="སེ་པི་རི་སི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེ་པི་རི་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipar" title="Kipar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kipar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Kiprenez" title="Republik Kiprenez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Kiprenez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xipre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Кипр Республики – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кипр Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsipre" title="Tsipre – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tsipre" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kypr" title="Kypr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kypr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Chipre" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saipurasi" title="Saipurasi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Saipurasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cipru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypern" title="Cypern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cypern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="قبرص – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قبرص" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kypros" title="Kypros – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kypros" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Zypern" title="Republik Zypern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik Zypern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_%C5%81ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Béésh Łichíiʼii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh Łichíiʼii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypern" title="Cypern – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Cypern" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="साइप्रस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="साइप्रस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCpros" title="Küpros – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Küpros" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κύπρος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύπρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кипр Республикась – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кипр Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chipre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipro" title="Kipro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kipro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipri" title="Chipri – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Chipri" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zipre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="قبرس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قبرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BDpros" title="Kýpros – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kýpros" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chypre_(pays)" title="Chypre (pays) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chypre (pays)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syprus" title="Syprus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Syprus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibris" title="Kibris – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kibris" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipri" title="Cipri – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cipri" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chipir" title="An Chipir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chipir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Cheeprey" title="Yn Cheeprey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Cheeprey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipra_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Kipra Respublikası – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kipra Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ACopras" title="Cìopras – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cìopras" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chipre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B8" title="સાયપ્રસ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સાયપ્રસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐌿𐍀𐍂𐍅𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌿𐍀𐍂𐍅𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="सायप्रस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="सायप्रस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="키프로스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키프로스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupelo" title="Kupelo – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kupelo" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Կիպրոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիպրոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="साइप्रस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साइप्रस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypernska" title="Cypernska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Cypernska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipar" title="Cipar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cipar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipro" title="Chipro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chipro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="সাইপ্রাস – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সাইপ্রাস" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypro" title="Cypro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cypro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cypria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BDpur" title="Kýpur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kýpur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cipro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קפריסין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפריסין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸೈಪ್ರಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೈಪ್ರಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsipri" title="Tsipri – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tsipri" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კვიპროსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვიპროსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyper" title="Cyper – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Cyper" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobros" title="Kobros – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kobros" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipure" title="Shipure – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Shipure" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupro" title="Kupro – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kupro" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipros" title="Kipros – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kipros" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip" title="Chip – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chip" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_(p%C3%A9yi)" title="Chip (péyi) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chip (péyi)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEpros" title="Kîpros – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kîpros" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipre" title="Cipre – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cipre" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Kipriyota" title="Repuvlika Kipriyota – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Kipriyota" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ປະເທດໄຊປຣັດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດໄຊປຣັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipra" title="Kipra – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kipra" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipra" title="Kipra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kipra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zypern" title="Zypern – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zypern" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipras" title="Kipras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kipras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ipro" title="Çipro – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Çipro" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipros" title="Cipros – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cipros" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipru" title="Kipru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kipru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cipro" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprusi_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Ciprusi Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ciprusi Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="साइप्रस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="साइप्रस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кипар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кипар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblikan%27_i_Kipra" title="Repoblikan' i Kipra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Repoblikan' i Kipra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സൈപ്രസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈപ്രസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aipru" title="Ċipru – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċipru" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haipara" title="Haipara – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Haipara" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="सायप्रस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सायप्रस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კვიპროსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კვიპროსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="قبرص – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قبرص" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="قبرس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قبرس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81" title="ꯁꯤꯄ꯭ꯔꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯄ꯭ꯔꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-b%C4%AB-l%C3%B4" title="Gṳ̆-bī-lô – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gṳ̆-bī-lô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Xipre" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кипра – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кипра" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဆိုက်ပရပ်စ်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိုက်ပရပ်စ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syprus" title="Syprus – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Syprus" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="साइप्रस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साइप्रस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="साइप्रस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="साइप्रस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9" title="キプロス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キプロス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cipro" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zypern" title="Zypern – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Zypern" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siipris" title="Siipris – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Siipris" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Kypros" title="Republikken Kypros – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Republikken Kypros" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Kypros" title="Republikken Kypros – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Republikken Kypros" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chypre" title="Chypre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chypre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiprus" title="Kiprus – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kiprus" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chipre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B8" title="ସାଇପ୍ରସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାଇପ୍ରସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saayippires" title="Saayippires – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Saayippires" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr_Respublikasi" title="Kipr Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kipr Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8" title="ਸਾਇਪ੍ਰਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਇਪ੍ਰਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="सायप्रस – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सायप्रस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr%C3%B4" title="Kiprô – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Kiprô" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="قبرص – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قبرص" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Chipre" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="قبرس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قبرس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saipros" title="Saipros – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Saipros" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94" title="ស៊ីប – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ីប" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipre" title="Kipre – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kipre" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cipro" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saipras" title="Saipras – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Saipras" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_Zypern" title="Republiek Zypern – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Republiek Zypern" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypr" title="Cypr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cypr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κύπρος – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κύπρος" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chipre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr" title="Kipr – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kipr" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1br%C4%B1z_Cumhuriyeti" title="Qıbrız Cumhuriyeti – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qıbrız Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cipru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipra" title="Cipra – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Cipra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipru" title="Kipru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kipru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ціпрус – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ціпрус" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Республика Кипр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Республика Кипр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuperu" title="Kuperu – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kuperu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="सायप्रस – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सायप्रस" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱟᱥ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱟᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzipru" title="Tzipru – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tzipru" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zypern" title="Zypern – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Zypern" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiproja" title="Qiproja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qiproja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cipru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA" title="සයිප්‍රසය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සයිප්‍රසය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="قبرس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قبرس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISayiphro" title="ISayiphro – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="ISayiphro" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciper" title="Ciper – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ciper" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8A" title="Кѷпръ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Кѷпръ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyper" title="Cyper – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cyper" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aw-badeedka_Qabrus" title="Aw-badeedka Qabrus – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aw-badeedka Qabrus" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="قوبرس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قوبرس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipruskondre" title="Sipruskondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sipruskondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кипар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кипар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipar" title="Kipar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kipar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Siprus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyproksen_tasavalta" title="Kyproksen tasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kyproksen tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypern" title="Cypern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cypern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsipre" title="Tsipre – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tsipre" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="சைப்பிரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சைப்பிரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubrus_(tamurt)" title="Qubrus (tamurt) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Qubrus (tamurt)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipre" title="Cipre – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cipre" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кипр Республикасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кипр Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%82%89%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းသၢႆႉပရႅတ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသၢႆႉပရႅတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="సైప్రస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సైప్రస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Xipre" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศไซปรัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศไซปรัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saipalesi" title="Saipalesi – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Saipalesi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8C%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%86%E1%8F%8D" title="ᏌᎢᏆᏍ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏌᎢᏆᏍ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr_Respublikasy" title="Kipr Respublikasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kipr Respublikasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuburut" title="Kuburut – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kuburut" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кипр" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кіпр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіпр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="قبرص – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قبرص" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3" title="سىپرۇس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سىپرۇس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipro" title="Sipro – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sipro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr" title="Kipr – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kipr" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_S%C3%ADp" title="Cộng hòa Síp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Síp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipre%C3%A4n" title="Sipreän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sipreän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCpr%C3%BCs" title="Küprüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Küprüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AEpe" title="Chîpe – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Chîpe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="賽普勒斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsipre" title="Tsipre – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tsipre" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciip%C3%ABr" title="Ciipër – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ciipër" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF" title="塞浦路斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塞浦路斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="ציפערן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ציפערן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADpr%C3%B9" title="Kíprù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kíprù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF" title="塞浦路斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塞浦路斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet%C3%AA_Q%C4%B1br%C4%B1si" title="Cumhuriyetê Qıbrısi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyetê Qıbrısi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cyprus&params=35_N_33_E_type:country_region:CY_scale:2500000_source:GNS">35°N 33°E / 35°N 33°E / 35; 33</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from editing it"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mediterranean island country in the Middle East</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the country. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cyprus (disambiguation)">Cyprus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">Cypress</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Cyprus</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>)</li><li>Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>)</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cyprus"><img alt="Flag of Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/125px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/188px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Cyprus_(2006).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Cyprus"><img alt="Coat of arms of Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Cyprus_%282006%29.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Cyprus_%282006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Cyprus_%282006%29.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Cyprus_%282006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Cyprus_%282006%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Cyprus_%282006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="518" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cyprus" title="Coat of arms of Cyprus"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> (English: "<a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Hymn to Liberty</a>") <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymn_to_liberty_instrumental.oga&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymn_to_liberty_instrumental.oga&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymn_to_liberty_instrumental.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymn_to_liberty_instrumental.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_Cyprus_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Republic of Cyprus in dark green, territory de jure but not controlled in light green"><img alt="Location of the Republic of Cyprus in dark green, territory de jure but not controlled in light green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Republic_of_Cyprus_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Republic_of_Cyprus_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Republic_of_Cyprus_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Republic_of_Cyprus_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Republic_of_Cyprus_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Republic_of_Cyprus_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of the Republic of Cyprus in dark green, territory <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">de jure but not controlled</a> in light green</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cyprus&params=35_10_N_33_22_E_type:city">35°10′N 33°22′E / 35.167°N 33.367°E / 35.167; 33.367</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minority languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Arabic" title="Cypriot Arabic">Cypriot Arabic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernaculars</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot Greek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Turkish" title="Cypriot Turkish">Cypriot Turkish</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="line-height:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a></li><li style="line-height:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a></li><li style="line-height:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Armenian Cypriots</a></li><li style="line-height:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Cypriots" title="Maronite Cypriots">Maronite Cypriots</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020; including Northern Cyprus)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">72.3% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">25.0% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.9% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.8% other<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot people">Cypriot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Cyprus" title="Vice President of Cyprus">Vice-President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Vacant<a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Cyprus)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the House of Representatives (Cyprus)">President of the House of Representatives</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Annita_Demetriou" title="Annita Demetriou">Annita Demetriou</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Cyprus)" title="House of Representatives (Cyprus)">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>from the United Kingdom</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/London-Z%C3%BCrich_Agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="London-Zürich Agreements">London-Zürich Agreements</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 February 1959</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence proclaimed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 August 1960</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Cyprus)" title="Independence Day (Cyprus)">Independence Day</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 October 1960</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total<a href="#cite_note-island-6">[c]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,251 km2 (3,572 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">162nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.11<a href="#cite_note-CIA-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2021 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 923,272<a href="#cite_note-7">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">123.4<a href="#cite_note-island-6">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[5]</a>/km2 (319.6/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">82nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $55.140 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2024-10">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">124th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $59,858<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2024-10">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">31st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $34.790 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2024-10">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">105th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $37,767<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2024-10">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">28th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 29.4<a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>low inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.907<a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">29th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+02:00 (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+03:00 (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Cyprus" title="Telephone numbers in Cyprus">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Cyprus" title="Telephone numbers in Cyprus">+357</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CY" title="ISO 3166-2:CY">CY</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.cy" title=".cy">.cy</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[e]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Cyprus<a href="#cite_note-14">[f]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsaɪprəs/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f0\/En-us-Cyprus.ogg\/En-us-Cyprus.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Cyprus.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/En-us-Cyprus.ogg/En-us-Cyprus.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Cyprus.ogg" title="File:En-us-Cyprus.ogg">ⓘ</a>), officially the Republic of Cyprus,<a href="#cite_note-15">[g]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. Although it is geographically located in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a>, its cultural identity and <a href="/wiki/Geopolitical" class="mw-redirect" title="Geopolitical">geopolitical</a> make-up are overwhelmingly <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast European</a>. It is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.<a href="#cite_note-16">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[10]</a> It is located southeast of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, northwest of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, and north of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Its capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>. Cyprus also hosts the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British-controlled</a> military bases <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>, whilst the northeast portion of the island is de facto governed by the self-declared <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a>, which is separated from the Republic of Cyprus by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">United Nations Buffer Zone</a>. Cyprus was first settled by hunter-gatherers around 13,000 years ago, with farming settlements emerging a few thousand years later. During the late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, Cyprus (then called <a href="/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya">Alashiya</a>) developed an urbanised society closely connected to the wider Mediterranean world. Cyprus experienced waves of settlement by <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greeks</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd millennium BC</a>. It was subsequently occupied by several empires, including the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptians">Ancient Egyptians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a>, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>. Subsequent rule by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Dynasty">Ptolemaic Egypt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Arab caliphates</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lusignan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusignan dynasty">French Lusignans</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> was followed by over <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">three centuries of Ottoman rule</a> between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until 1914).<a href="#cite_note-Lausanne-18">[11]</a> Cyprus was placed under the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s administration based on the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a> in 1878, and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914. The future of the island became a matter of disagreement between the two prominent ethnic communities, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a>. From the 19th century onwards, the Greek Cypriot population pursued <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a> (union with Greece), which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-19">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[13]</a> The Turkish Cypriot population initially advocated for the continuation of British rule, then demanded the annexation of the island to Turkey; in the 1950s, together with Turkey, they established a policy of <a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">taksim</a> (the partition of Cyprus and the creation of a Turkish polity in the north of the island).<a href="#cite_note-21">[14]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">nationalist violence in the 1950s</a>, Cyprus was <a href="/wiki/London_and_Z%C3%BCrich_Agreements" title="London and Zürich Agreements">granted independence in 1960</a>.<a href="#cite_note-independence-22">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">crisis of 1963–64</a> brought further <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">intercommunal violence between the two communities</a>, displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots into <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_enclaves" title="Turkish Cypriot enclaves">enclaves</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hoffmeister_2006-23">[16]</a>: 56–59 <a href="#cite_note-Intercommunal_Violence-24">[17]</a> and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic. On 15 July 1974, <a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">a coup d'état</a> was staged by <a href="/wiki/EOKA_B" title="EOKA B">Greek Cypriot nationalists</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[19]</a> and elements of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–1974">Greek military junta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hoff-27">[20]</a> This action precipitated the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a> on 20 July,<a href="#cite_note-28">[21]</a> which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus and the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_refugees" title="Cypriot refugees">displacement</a> of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots<a href="#cite_note-29">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[23]</a> and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots.<a href="#cite_note-31">[24]</a> A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">established by unilateral declaration in 1983</a>, which was widely condemned by the <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a> and led to Turkey being the only country to <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">recognise</a> the new state. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">an ongoing dispute</a>. Cyprus is a major <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Cyprus">tourist destination</a> with an advanced <a href="/wiki/High_income_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="High income economy">high-income economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[27]</a> It has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> since 1961 and was a <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement">founding member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> until it <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus in the European Union">joined the European Union</a> on 1 May 2004.<a href="#cite_note-35">[28]</a> On 1 January 2008, it joined the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[29]</a> Cyprus has long maintained <a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Cyprus–NATO relations">good relations</a> with <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> while refusing to join it, but confirmed in 2024 that it now intends to officially join.<a href="#cite_note-37">[30]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geology_of_Cyprus-SkiriotissaMine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Geology_of_Cyprus-SkiriotissaMine.jpg/220px-Geology_of_Cyprus-SkiriotissaMine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Geology_of_Cyprus-SkiriotissaMine.jpg/330px-Geology_of_Cyprus-SkiriotissaMine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Geology_of_Cyprus-SkiriotissaMine.jpg/440px-Geology_of_Cyprus-SkiriotissaMine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>A copper mine in Cyprus. In antiquity, Cyprus was a major source of copper.</figcaption></figure> The earliest attested reference to Cyprus is the 15th century BC <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}</style>𐀓𐀠𐀪𐀍, ku-pi-ri-jo,<a href="#cite_note-38">[31]</a> meaning "Cypriot" (Greek: Κύπριος), written in <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> syllabic script.<a href="#cite_note-39">[32]</a> The classical Greek form of the name is Κύπρος (Kýpros). The etymology of the name is unknown. Suggestions include: <ul><li>the Greek word for the <a href="/wiki/Cupressus" title="Cupressus">Mediterranean cypress tree</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cupressus_sempervirens" title="Cupressus sempervirens">Cupressus sempervirens</a>), κυπάρισσος (kypárissos)</li> <li>the Greek name of the <a href="/wiki/Lawsonia_inermis" title="Lawsonia inermis">henna tree</a> (Lawsonia alba), κύπρος (kýpros)</li> <li>an <a href="/wiki/Eteocypriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eteocypriot">Eteocypriot</a> word for copper. It has been suggested, for example, that it has roots in the <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a> word for copper (zubar) or for <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> (kubar), from the large deposits of copper ore found on the island.<a href="#cite_note-Beekes_2009-40">[33]</a></li></ul> Through overseas trade, the island has given its name to the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> word for copper through the phrase aes Cyprium, "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to Cuprum.<a href="#cite_note-Beekes_2009-40">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[34]</a> The standard <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a> relating to Cyprus or its people or culture is <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cypriot (disambiguation)">Cypriot</a>. The terms Cypriote and Cyprian (later <a href="/wiki/Cyprian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cyprian (disambiguation)">a personal name</a>) are also used, though less frequently. The state's official name in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> literally translates to "Cypriot Republic" in English, but this translation is not used officially; "Republic of Cyprus" is used instead. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">History of Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cypriot_history" title="Timeline of Cypriot history">Timeline of Cypriot history</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Choirokoitia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Choirokoitia.jpg/220px-Choirokoitia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Choirokoitia.jpg/330px-Choirokoitia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Choirokoitia.jpg/440px-Choirokoitia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Archaeological site of <a href="/wiki/Khirokitia" title="Khirokitia">Khirokitia</a> with early remains of human habitation during the Aceramic Neolithic period (reconstruction)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_and_ancient_period">Prehistoric and ancient period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Cyprus" title="Prehistoric Cyprus">Prehistoric Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus" title="Ancient history of Cyprus">Ancient history of Cyprus</a></div> Hunter-gatherers first arrived on Cyprus around 13–12,000 years ago (11,000 to 10,000 BC), based on dating of sites like <a href="/wiki/Aetokremnos" title="Aetokremnos">Aetokremnos</a> on the south coast and the inland site of Vretsia Roudias.<a href="#cite_note-42">[35]</a> The arrival of the first humans coincides with the extinction of the 75 cm (2.46 ft) high <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus">Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus</a> and 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) tall <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Dwarf_Elephant" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus Dwarf Elephant">Cyprus dwarf elephant</a>, the only large mammals native to the island.<a href="#cite_note-43">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> farming communities emerged on the island by around 10,500 years ago (8500 BC).<a href="#cite_note-44">[37]</a> Remains of an eight-month-old cat were discovered buried with a human body at a separate <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> site in Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-45">[38]</a> The grave is estimated to be 9,500 years old (7500 BC), predating <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> civilisation and pushing back the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat" title="Domestication of the cat">earliest known feline-human association</a> significantly.<a href="#cite_note-46">[39]</a> The remarkably well-preserved Neolithic village of <a href="/wiki/Khirokitia" title="Khirokitia">Khirokitia</a> is a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, dating to approximately 6800 BC.<a href="#cite_note-47">[40]</a> During the Late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, from around 1650 BC Cyprus (identified in whole or part as <a href="/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya">Alashiya</a> in contemporary texts) became more connected to the wider Mediterranean world driven by the trade in <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> extracted from the Troodos Mountains, which stimulated the development of urbanised settlements across the island, with records suggesting that Cyprus at this time was ruled by "kings" who corresponded with the leaders of other Mediterranean states (like the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaohs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom of Egypt</a>, as documented in the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna letters</a>).<a href="#cite_note-48">[41]</a> The first recorded name of a Cypriot king is Kushmeshusha, as appears on letters sent to <a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a> in the 13th century BC.<a href="#cite_note-49">[42]</a> At the end of the Bronze Age, the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement.<a href="#cite_note-50">[43]</a> The first wave consisted of <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greek</a> traders, who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC.<a href="#cite_note-51">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the <a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age_collapse" title="Late Bronze Age collapse">Late Bronze Age collapse</a> of Mycenaean Greece from 1100 to 1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[47]</a> Cyprus occupies an important role in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, being the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a>, and home to <a href="/wiki/Cinyras" title="Cinyras">King Cinyras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teucer" title="Teucer">Teucer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pygmalion_(mythology)" title="Pygmalion (mythology)">Pygmalion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[48]</a> Literary evidence suggests an early Phoenician presence at <a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a>, which was under <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyrian</a> rule at the beginning of the 10th century BC.<a href="#cite_note-56">[49]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> merchants who were believed to come from <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonised</a> the area and expanded the political influence of Kition. After c. 850 BC, the sanctuaries [at the Kathari site] were rebuilt and reused by the Phoenicians.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kition,_Zeus_Keraunios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kition%2C_Zeus_Keraunios.jpg/170px-Kition%2C_Zeus_Keraunios.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kition%2C_Zeus_Keraunios.jpg/255px-Kition%2C_Zeus_Keraunios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kition%2C_Zeus_Keraunios.jpg/340px-Kition%2C_Zeus_Keraunios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>Zeus Keraunios, 500–480 BC, Nicosia museum</figcaption></figure> Cyprus is at a strategic location in the Eastern Mediterranean.<a href="#cite_note-57">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[52]</a> It was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> for a century starting in 708 BC, before a brief spell under Egyptian rule and eventually <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> rule in 545 BC.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> The Cypriots, led by <a href="/wiki/Onesilus" title="Onesilus">Onesilus</a>, king of Salamis, joined their fellow Greeks in the <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionian</a> cities during the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Revolt" title="Ionian Revolt">Ionian Revolt</a> in 499 BC against the Achaemenids. The revolt was suppressed, but Cyprus managed to maintain a high degree of autonomy and remained inclined towards the Greek world.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> During the whole period of the Persian rule, there is a continuity in the reign of the Cypriot kings and during their rebellions they were crushed by Persian rulers from Asia Minor, which is an indication that the Cypriots were ruling the island with directly regulated relations with the Great King and there was not a Persian <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Parpas-60">[53]</a> The Kingdoms of Cyprus enjoyed special privileges and a semi-autonomous status, but they were still considered vassal subjects of the Great King.<a href="#cite_note-Parpas-60">[53]</a> The island was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 333 BC and Cypriot navy helped Alexander during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(332_BC)" title="Siege of Tyre (332 BC)">siege of Tyre (332 BC)</a>. The Cypriot fleet was also sent to help <a href="/wiki/Amphoterus_(admiral)" title="Amphoterus (admiral)">Amphoterus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[54]</a> In addition, Alexander had two Cypriot generals <a href="/wiki/Stasander" title="Stasander">Stasander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stasanor" title="Stasanor">Stasanor</a> both from the <a href="/wiki/Soli,_Cyprus" title="Soli, Cyprus">Soli</a> and later both became satraps in Alexander's empire. Following Alexander's death, the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Babylon" title="Partition of Babylon">division of his empire</a>, and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">Wars of the Diadochi</a>, Cyprus became part of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Egypt</a>. It was during this period that the island was fully <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenised</a>. In 58 BC Cyprus was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> and became <a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Roman Cyprus</a> in 22 BC.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Cyprus in the Middle Ages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicosia_by_Giacomo_Franco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nicosia_by_Giacomo_Franco.jpg/220px-Nicosia_by_Giacomo_Franco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nicosia_by_Giacomo_Franco.jpg/330px-Nicosia_by_Giacomo_Franco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nicosia_by_Giacomo_Franco.jpg/440px-Nicosia_by_Giacomo_Franco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Nicosia" title="Walls of Nicosia">Walls of Nicosia</a> were built by the Venetians to defend the city in case of an Ottoman attack.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrenia_01-2017_img11_Castle_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kyrenia_01-2017_img11_Castle_exterior.jpg/220px-Kyrenia_01-2017_img11_Castle_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kyrenia_01-2017_img11_Castle_exterior.jpg/330px-Kyrenia_01-2017_img11_Castle_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kyrenia_01-2017_img11_Castle_exterior.jpg/440px-Kyrenia_01-2017_img11_Castle_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5093" data-file-height="3183" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_Castle" title="Kyrenia Castle">Kyrenia Castle</a> was originally built by the Byzantines and enlarged by the Venetians.</figcaption></figure> When the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> was divided into Eastern and Western parts in 286, Cyprus became part of the East Roman Empire (also called the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>), and would remain so for some 900 years. Under Byzantine rule, the Greek orientation that had been prominent since antiquity developed the strong Hellenistic-Christian character that continues to be a hallmark of the Greek Cypriot community.<a href="#cite_note-Keefe_1993-62">[55]</a> Beginning in 649, Cyprus endured repeated attacks and raids launched by <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>. Many were quick raids, but others were large-scale attacks in which many Cypriots were killed and great wealth carried off or destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-Keefe_1993-62">[55]</a> The city of <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis</a> was destroyed and never rebuilt.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> Byzantine control remained stronger in the northern coast, the Arabs exerted more influence in the south. In 688, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> and Caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a> signed a treaty whereby Cyprus would be paying an equal amount of tribute to the Caliphate and tax to the Empire, but would remain politically neutral to both while being retained as a province administered by the Empire. There are no Byzantine churches which survive from this period, and the island entered a period of impoverishment.<a href="#cite_note-63">[56]</a> Full Byzantine rule was restored in 965, when Emperor <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas" title="Nikephoros II Phokas">Nikephoros II Phokas</a> scored decisive victories on land and sea.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> In 1156 <a href="/wiki/Raynald_of_Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Raynald of Châtillon">Raynald of Châtillon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thoros_II" title="Thoros II">Thoros II of Armenia</a> brutally sacked Cyprus over a period of three weeks, stealing so much plunder and capturing so many of the leading citizens and their families for ransom, that the island took generations to recover. Several Greek priests were mutilated and sent away to Constantinople.<a href="#cite_note-64">[57]</a> In 1185 <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Komnenos_of_Cyprus" title="Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus">Isaac Komnenos</a>, a member of the Byzantine imperial family, took over Cyprus and declared it independent of the Empire. In 1191, during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a> captured the island from Isaac.<a href="#cite_note-65">[58]</a> He used it as a major supply base that was relatively safe from the <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracens</a>. A year later Richard sold the island to the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, who, following a bloody revolt, in turn sold it to <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a>. His brother and successor <a href="/wiki/Aimery_of_Cyprus" title="Aimery of Cyprus">Aimery</a> was recognised as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">King of Cyprus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> Following the death in 1473 of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Cyprus" title="James II of Cyprus">James II</a>, the last Lusignan king, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cornaro" title="Catherine Cornaro">Catherine Cornaro</a>, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a> in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> The Venetians fortified <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> by building the <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Nicosia" title="Walls of Nicosia">Walls of Nicosia</a>, and used it as an important commercial hub. Throughout Venetian rule, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> frequently raided Cyprus. In 1539 the Ottomans destroyed <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a> and so fearing the worst, the Venetians also fortified <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyrenia" title="Kyrenia">Kyrenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> Although the Lusignan French aristocracy remained the dominant social class in Cyprus throughout the medieval period, the former assumption that Greeks were treated only as serfs on the island<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> is no longer considered by academics to be accurate. It is now accepted that the medieval period saw increasing numbers of Greek Cypriots elevated to the upper classes, a growing Greek <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle ranks</a>,<a href="#cite_note-66">[59]</a> and the Lusignan royal household even marrying Greeks. This included King <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Cyprus" title="John II of Cyprus">John II of Cyprus</a> who married <a href="/wiki/Helena_Palaiologina" title="Helena Palaiologina">Helena Palaiologina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_Cyprus">Ottoman Cyprus</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Ortelius_KB_PPN369376781-073av-073br.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Atlas_Ortelius_KB_PPN369376781-073av-073br.jpg/220px-Atlas_Ortelius_KB_PPN369376781-073av-073br.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Atlas_Ortelius_KB_PPN369376781-073av-073br.jpg/330px-Atlas_Ortelius_KB_PPN369376781-073av-073br.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Atlas_Ortelius_KB_PPN369376781-073av-073br.jpg/440px-Atlas_Ortelius_KB_PPN369376781-073av-073br.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2194" /></a><figcaption>Cypri insvla nova descript 1573, Ioannes á Deutecum f[ecit]. Map of Cyprus newly drawn by Johannes van Deutecom, 1573.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Ottoman Cyprus</a></div> In 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus massacre">massacred</a> many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-68">[61]</a> The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the first significant demographic change since antiquity took place with the formation of a Muslim community.<a href="#cite_note-69">[62]</a> Soldiers who fought in the conquest settled on the island and Turkish peasants and craftsmen were brought to the island from <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[63]</a> This new community also included banished Anatolian tribes, "undesirable" persons and members of various "troublesome" Muslim sects, as well as a number of new converts on the island.<a href="#cite_note-71">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buyuk_Han,_Nicosia_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Buyuk_Han%2C_Nicosia_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Buyuk_Han%2C_Nicosia_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Buyuk_Han%2C_Nicosia_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Buyuk_Han%2C_Nicosia_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Buyuk_Han%2C_Nicosia_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Buyuk_Han%2C_Nicosia_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Han" title="Büyük Han">Büyük Han</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">caravanserai</a> in Nicosia, is an example of the surviving Ottoman architecture in Cyprus.</figcaption></figure> The Ottomans abolished the <a href="/wiki/Feudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal">feudal</a> system previously in place and applied the <a href="/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Millet (Ottoman Empire)">millet system</a> to Cyprus, under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a> was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot population and acted as mediator between Christian Greek Cypriots and the Ottoman authorities. This status ensured that the Church of Cyprus was in a position to end the constant encroachments of the Roman Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-72">[65]</a> Ottoman rule of Cyprus was at times indifferent, at times oppressive, depending on the temperaments of the sultans and local officials.<a href="#cite_note-Ottoman-73">[66]</a> The ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians.<a href="#cite_note-74">[67]</a> By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians.<a href="#cite_note-75">[68]</a> The Muslim population included numerous <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-Christians">crypto-Christians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Jennings_1992-76">[69]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Linobambaki" title="Linobambaki">Linobambaki</a>, a crypto-Catholic community that arose due to religious persecution of the Catholic community by the Ottoman authorities;<a href="#cite_note-Jennings_1992-76">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[70]</a> this community would assimilate into the Turkish Cypriot community during British rule.<a href="#cite_note-78">[71]</a> As soon as the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Kyprianos_of_Cyprus" title="Kyprianos of Cyprus">Kyprianos</a>, and four other bishops.<a href="#cite_note-79">[72]</a> In 1828, modern Greece's first president <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a> called for union of Cyprus with Greece, and numerous minor uprisings took place.<a href="#cite_note-80">[73]</a> Reaction to Ottoman misrule led to uprisings by both Greek and Turkish Cypriots, although none were successful. After centuries of neglect by the Ottoman Empire, the poverty of most of the people and the ever-present tax collectors fueled Greek nationalism, and by the 20th century the idea of <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">union</a> with newly independent Greece was firmly rooted among Greek Cypriots.<a href="#cite_note-Ottoman-73">[66]</a> Under Ottoman rule, numeracy, school enrolment and literacy rates were all low. They persisted some time after Ottoman rule ended, and then increased rapidly during the twentieth century.<a href="#cite_note-81">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Cyprus">British Cyprus</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history of Cyprus">Modern history of Cyprus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hosting_the_British_flag_at_Nicosia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hosting_the_British_flag_at_Nicosia.jpg/170px-Hosting_the_British_flag_at_Nicosia.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hosting_the_British_flag_at_Nicosia.jpg/255px-Hosting_the_British_flag_at_Nicosia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hosting_the_British_flag_at_Nicosia.jpg/340px-Hosting_the_British_flag_at_Nicosia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1189" /></a><figcaption>Hoisting the British flag at Nicosia</figcaption></figure> In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a>, Cyprus was <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">leased</a> to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> which de facto took over its administration in 1878 (though, in terms of sovereignty, Cyprus remained a <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> Ottoman territory until 5 November 1914, together with <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Egypt and Sudan</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Lausanne-18">[11]</a> in exchange for guarantees that Britain would use the island as a base to protect the Ottoman Empire against possible Russian aggression.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cypriot_demonstration_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cypriot_demonstration_1930.jpg/220px-Cypriot_demonstration_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cypriot_demonstration_1930.jpg/330px-Cypriot_demonstration_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cypriot_demonstration_1930.jpg/440px-Cypriot_demonstration_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriot</a> demonstrations for <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a> (union with Greece) in 1930</figcaption></figure> The island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, on 5 November 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus and declared the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Khedive" title="Khedive">Khedivate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Egypt and Sudan</a> a <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Sultanate and British protectorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lausanne-18">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> In October 1915, Britain offered Cyprus to Greece, ruled by King <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine I of Greece</a>, on the condition that Greece join the war on the side of the British and went to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a>’s assistance, in order to fulfill her Treaty obligations under the <a href="/wiki/Greek%E2%80%93Serbian_Alliance_of_1913" title="Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913">Serbo-Greek pact</a> of May 1913.<a href="#cite_note-Stavridis-82">[75]</a> It gave Greece a golden “opportunity” in achieving <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a> with Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-Stavridis-82">[75]</a> Alternatively it was a “lost opportunity” when the <a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Zaimis</a> administration declined the British proposal.<a href="#cite_note-Stavridis-82">[75]</a> In 1923, under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne_(1923)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Lausanne (1923)">Treaty of Lausanne</a>, the nascent Turkish republic relinquished any claim to Cyprus,<a href="#cite_note-83">[76]</a> and in 1925 it was declared a British <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-53">[46]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, many Greek and Turkish Cypriots enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Regiment" title="Cyprus Regiment">Cyprus Regiment</a>. The Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the <a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a>, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with large Greek populations in the former Ottoman Empire, including Cyprus and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> with a capital in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, and was actively pursued by the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot Orthodox Church">Cypriot Orthodox Church</a>, which had its members educated in Greece. These religious officials, together with Greek military officers and professionals, some of whom still pursued the Megali Idea, would later found the guerrilla organisation <a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a> (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters).<a href="#cite_note-84">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[78]</a> The Greek Cypriots viewed the island as historically Greek and believed that union with Greece was a natural right.<a href="#cite_note-Diez_2002-86">[79]</a> In the 1950s, the pursuit of enosis became a part of the Greek national policy.<a href="#cite_note-87">[80]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_riot_in_Nicosia_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Street_riot_in_Nicosia_1956.jpg/220px-Street_riot_in_Nicosia_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Street_riot_in_Nicosia_1956.jpg/330px-Street_riot_in_Nicosia_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Street_riot_in_Nicosia_1956.jpg/440px-Street_riot_in_Nicosia_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>A British soldier facing a crowd of Greek Cypriot demonstrators in Nicosia (1956)</figcaption></figure> Initially, the Turkish Cypriots favoured the continuation of the British rule.<a href="#cite_note-88">[81]</a> However, they were alarmed by the Greek Cypriot calls for enosis, as they saw the union of <a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Crete</a> with Greece, which led to the exodus of <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Cretan Turks</a>, as a precedent to be avoided,<a href="#cite_note-89">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[83]</a> and they took a pro-partition stance in response to the militant activity of EOKA.<a href="#cite_note-91">[84]</a> The Turkish Cypriots also viewed themselves as a distinct ethnic group of the island and believed in their having a separate right to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> from Greek Cypriots.<a href="#cite_note-Diez_2002-86">[79]</a> Meanwhile, in the 1950s, Turkish leader <a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Menderes</a> considered Cyprus an "extension of Anatolia", rejected the partition of Cyprus along ethnic lines and favoured the annexation of the whole island to Turkey. Nationalistic slogans centred on the idea that "Cyprus is Turkish" and the ruling party declared Cyprus to be a part of the Turkish homeland that was vital to its security. Upon realising that the fact that the Turkish Cypriot population was only 20% of the islanders made annexation unfeasible, the national policy was changed to favour partition. The slogan "Partition or Death" was frequently used in Turkish Cypriot and Turkish protests starting in the late 1950s and continuing throughout the 1960s. Although after the Zürich and London conferences Turkey seemed to accept the existence of the Cypriot state and to distance itself from its policy of favouring the partition of the island, the goal of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot leaders remained that of creating an independent Turkish state in the northern part of the island.<a href="#cite_note-92">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bellingeri_2005-93">[86]</a> In January 1950, the Church of Cyprus organised a <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_enosis_referendum,_1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot enosis referendum, 1950">referendum</a> under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation,<a href="#cite_note-94">[87]</a> where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis.<a href="#cite_note-95">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmeister_2006-23">[16]</a>: 9  The Greeks were 80.2% of the total island's population at the time (<a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">census 1946</a>). Restricted autonomy under a constitution was proposed by the British administration but eventually rejected. In 1955 the EOKA organisation was founded, seeking union with Greece through armed struggle. At the same time the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Resistance_Organisation" title="Turkish Resistance Organisation">Turkish Resistance Organisation</a> (TMT), calling for Taksim, or partition, was established by the Turkish Cypriots as a counterweight.<a href="#cite_note-97">[90]</a> British officials also tolerated the creation of the Turkish underground organisation TMT The Secretary of State for the Colonies in a letter dated 15 July 1958 had advised the Governor of Cyprus not to act against TMT despite its illegal actions so as not to harm British relations with the Turkish government.<a href="#cite_note-Bellingeri_2005-93">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_and_inter-communal_violence">Independence and inter-communal violence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_crisis_of_1963%E2%80%9364" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus crisis of 1963–64">Cyprus crisis of 1963–64</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/135px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/203px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/270px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1184" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068,_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg/127px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg/191px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg/254px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="776" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The first president of Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a> (left), and the first vice-president of Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%B1l_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk" title="Fazıl Küçük">Fazıl Küçük</a> (right)</div></div></div></div> During British rule, the future of the island became a matter of disagreement between the two prominent ethnic communities, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a>, who made up 77% of the population in 1960, and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a>, who made up 18% of the population. From the 19th century onwards, the Greek Cypriot population pursued <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a>, union with <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-98">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[92]</a> The Turkish Cypriot population initially advocated the continuation of the British rule, then demanded the annexation of the island to Turkey, and in the 1950s, together with Turkey, established a policy of <a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">taksim</a>, the partition of Cyprus and the creation of a Turkish polity in the north.<a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg/220px-Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg/330px-Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg/440px-Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4250" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic map of Cyprus according to the 1960 census</figcaption></figure> Cyprus was <a href="/wiki/London_and_Z%C3%BCrich_Agreements" title="London and Zürich Agreements">granted independence</a> in 1960, following an armed campaign spearheaded by EOKA.<a href="#cite_note-independence-22">[15]</a> As per the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_and_London_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich and London Agreement">Zürich and London Agreement</a>, Cyprus officially attained independence on 16 August 1960, and at the time had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others.<a href="#cite_note-Solsten2-101">[94]</a> The UK retained the two <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Base Areas">Sovereign Base Areas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>, while government posts and public offices were allocated by ethnic quotas, giving the minority Turkish Cypriots a permanent veto, 30% in parliament and administration, and granting the three mother-states guarantor rights. However, the division of power as foreseen by the constitution soon resulted in legal impasses and discontent on both sides, and nationalist militants started training again, with the military support of Greece and Turkey respectively. The Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkish Cypriots under the 1960 constitution were too extensive and designed the <a href="/wiki/Akritas_plan" title="Akritas plan">Akritas plan</a>, which was aimed at reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots, persuading the international community about the correctness of the changes and violently subjugating Turkish Cypriots in a few days should they not accept the plan.<a href="#cite_note-Solsten1-102">[95]</a> Tensions were heightened when Cypriot President Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a> called for <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_and_London_Agreement#13_Amendments_proposed_by_Makarios_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich and London Agreement">constitutional changes</a>, which were rejected by Turkey<a href="#cite_note-Hoffmeister_2006-23">[16]</a>: 17–20  and opposed by Turkish Cypriots.<a href="#cite_note-Solsten1-102">[95]</a> Intercommunal violence <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">erupted</a> on 21 December 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police. The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots,<a href="#cite_note-103">[96]</a> destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000–30,000 Turkish Cypriots. The crisis resulted in the end of the Turkish Cypriot involvement in the administration and their claiming that it had lost its legitimacy;<a href="#cite_note-Hoffmeister_2006-23">[16]</a>: 56–59  the nature of this event is still controversial. In some areas, Greek Cypriots prevented Turkish Cypriots from travelling and entering government buildings, while some Turkish Cypriots willingly withdrew due to the calls of the Turkish Cypriot administration.<a href="#cite_note-104">[97]</a> Turkish Cypriots started living in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_enclaves" title="Turkish Cypriot enclaves">enclaves</a>. The republic's structure was changed, unilaterally, by Makarios, and Nicosia was divided by the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Cyprus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Line (Cyprus)">Green Line</a>, with the deployment of <a href="/wiki/UNFICYP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFICYP">UNFICYP</a> troops.<a href="#cite_note-Hoffmeister_2006-23">[16]</a>: 56–59  In 1964, Turkey threatened to invade Cyprus<a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a> in response to the continuing <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cypriot intercommunal violence</a>, but this was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory.<a href="#cite_note-106">[99]</a> Meanwhile, by 1964, enosis was a Greek policy and would not be abandoned; Makarios and the Greek prime minister <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">Georgios Papandreou</a> agreed that enosis should be the ultimate aim and King <a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece" title="Constantine II of Greece">Constantine</a> wished Cyprus "a speedy union with the mother country". Greece dispatched 10,000 troops to Cyprus to counter a possible Turkish invasion.<a href="#cite_note-107">[100]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">crisis of 1963–64</a> had brought further <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">intercommunal violence</a> between the two communities, displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots into <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_enclaves" title="Turkish Cypriot enclaves">enclaves</a><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmeister_2006-23">[16]</a>: 56–59 <a href="#cite_note-Intercommunal_Violence-24">[17]</a> and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1974_coup_d'état,_invasion,_and_division">1974 coup d'état, invasion, and division</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">1974 Cypriot coup d'état</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG/220px-Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG/330px-Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG/440px-Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Varosha,_Famagusta" title="Varosha, Famagusta">Varosha (Maraş)</a>, a suburb of Famagusta, was abandoned when its inhabitants fled in 1974 and remains under Turkish military control.</figcaption></figure> On 15 July 1974, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–1974">Greek military junta</a> under <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Ioannides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitrios Ioannides">Dimitrios Ioannides</a> carried out a <a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">coup d'état</a> in Cyprus, to <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">unite the island with Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[103]</a> The coup ousted president <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a> and replaced him with pro-<a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a> nationalist <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Sampson" title="Nikos Sampson">Nikos Sampson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[104]</a> In response to the coup,<a href="#cite_note-117">[h]</a> five days later, on 20 July 1974, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish army invaded</a> the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guarantee_(1960)" title="Treaty of Guarantee (1960)">Treaty of Guarantee</a>. This justification has been rejected by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and the international community.<a href="#cite_note-118">[110]</a> The Turkish air force began bombing Greek positions in Cyprus, and hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Paratroopers" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratroopers">paratroopers</a> were dropped in the area between Nicosia and Kyrenia, where well-armed Turkish Cypriot enclaves had been long-established; while off the Kyrenia coast, Turkish troop ships landed 6,000 men as well as tanks, trucks and armoured vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-119">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[112]</a> Three days later, when a ceasefire had been agreed,<a href="#cite_note-Craig_2001-121">[113]</a> Turkey had landed 30,000 troops on the island and captured Kyrenia, the corridor linking Kyrenia to Nicosia, and the Turkish Cypriot quarter of Nicosia itself.<a href="#cite_note-Craig_2001-121">[113]</a> The junta in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, and then the Sampson regime in Cyprus fell from power. In Nicosia, <a href="/wiki/Glafkos_Clerides" class="mw-redirect" title="Glafkos Clerides">Glafkos Clerides</a> temporarily assumed the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-Craig_2001-121">[113]</a> But after the peace negotiations in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, the Turkish government reinforced their Kyrenia bridgehead and started a second invasion on 14 August.<a href="#cite_note-122">[114]</a> The invasion resulted in <a href="/wiki/Morphou" title="Morphou">Morphou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karpass_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Karpass Peninsula">Karpass</a>, Famagusta and the <a href="/wiki/Mesaoria" title="Mesaoria">Mesaoria</a> coming under Turkish control. International pressure led to a ceasefire, and by then 36% of the island had been taken over by the Turks and 180,000 Greek Cypriots had been evicted from their homes in the north.<a href="#cite_note-123">[115]</a> At the same time, around 50,000 Turkish Cypriots were displaced to the north and settled in the properties of the displaced Greek Cypriots. Among a variety of sanctions against Turkey, in mid-1975 the US Congress imposed an arms embargo on Turkey for using US-supplied equipment during the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-124">[116]</a> There were 1,534 Greek Cypriots<a href="#cite_note-125">[117]</a> and 502 Turkish Cypriots<a href="#cite_note-126">[118]</a> missing as a result of the fighting from 1963 to 1974. The Republic of Cyprus has <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> over the entire island, including its <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a>, with the exception of the Sovereign Base Areas of <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>, which remain under the UK's control according to the <a href="/wiki/London-Z%C3%BCrich_Agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="London-Zürich Agreements">London and Zürich Agreements</a>. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts: the area under the effective control of the Republic, in the south and west and comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north,<a href="#cite_note-127">[119]</a> administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, covering about 36% of the island's area. Another nearly 4% of the island's area is covered by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">UN buffer zone</a>. The international community considers the northern part of the island to be territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces.<a href="#cite_note-133">[i]</a> The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law and amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-division">Post-division</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cy-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cy-map.png/350px-Cy-map.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cy-map.png/525px-Cy-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Cy-map.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the division of Cyprus</figcaption></figure> After the restoration of constitutional order and the return of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a> to Cyprus in December 1974, Turkish troops remained, occupying the northeastern portion of the island. In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)">Turkish Cypriot parliament</a>, led by the Turkish Cypriot leader <a href="/wiki/Rauf_Denkta%C5%9F" title="Rauf Denktaş">Rauf Denktaş</a>, <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">proclaimed</a> the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which is recognised only by Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-4">[3]</a> The events of the summer of 1974 dominate the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">politics</a> on the island, as well as <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Turkish relations">Greco-Turkish relations</a>. <a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Turkish settlers</a> have been settled in the north with the encouragement of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot states. The Republic of Cyprus considers their presence a violation of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention">Geneva Convention</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hoffmeister_2006-23">[16]</a>: 56–59  whilst many Turkish settlers have since severed their ties to Turkey and their second generation considers Cyprus to be their homeland.<a href="#cite_note-135">[126]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_Foreign_Ministers_Gymnich_Meeting_in_Cyprus._7.-8._September_2012_(7954502290).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EU_Foreign_Ministers_Gymnich_Meeting_in_Cyprus._7.-8._September_2012_%287954502290%29.jpg/220px-EU_Foreign_Ministers_Gymnich_Meeting_in_Cyprus._7.-8._September_2012_%287954502290%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EU_Foreign_Ministers_Gymnich_Meeting_in_Cyprus._7.-8._September_2012_%287954502290%29.jpg/330px-EU_Foreign_Ministers_Gymnich_Meeting_in_Cyprus._7.-8._September_2012_%287954502290%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EU_Foreign_Ministers_Gymnich_Meeting_in_Cyprus._7.-8._September_2012_%287954502290%29.jpg/440px-EU_Foreign_Ministers_Gymnich_Meeting_in_Cyprus._7.-8._September_2012_%287954502290%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3130" data-file-height="1949" /></a><figcaption>Foreign Ministers of the European Union countries in Limassol during Cyprus Presidency of the EU in 2012</figcaption></figure> The Turkish invasion, the ensuing occupation and the declaration of independence by the TRNC have been condemned by United Nations resolutions, which are reaffirmed by the Security Council every year.<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Close_to_the_buffer_zone_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Close_to_the_buffer_zone_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Close_to_the_buffer_zone_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Close_to_the_buffer_zone_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Close_to_the_buffer_zone_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Close_to_the_buffer_zone_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Close_to_the_buffer_zone_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3920" data-file-height="2940" /></a><figcaption>Street in the divided capital of Nicosia</figcaption></figure> Attempts to resolve the Cyprus dispute have continued. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan" title="Annan Plan">Annan Plan</a>, drafted by then UN Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a>, was put to a <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Annan_Plan_referendums,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot Annan Plan referendums, 2004">referendum</a> in both Cypriot administrations. 65% of Turkish Cypriots voted in support of the plan and 74% Greek Cypriots voted against the plan, claiming that it disproportionately favoured Turkish Cypriots and gave unreasonable influence over the nation to Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-137">[128]</a> In total, 66.7% of the voters <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Annan_Plan_referendum,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot Annan Plan referendum, 2004">rejected the Annan Plan</a>. On 1 May 2004 Cyprus joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, together with nine other countries.<a href="#cite_note-138">[129]</a> Cyprus was accepted into the EU as a whole, although the EU legislation is suspended in Northern Cyprus until a final settlement of the Cyprus problem. Efforts have been made to enhance freedom of movement between the two sides. In April 2003, Northern Cyprus unilaterally eased checkpoint restrictions, permitting Cypriots to cross between the two sides for the first time in 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-139">[130]</a> In March 2008, a wall that had stood for decades at the boundary between the Republic of Cyprus and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">UN buffer zone</a> was demolished.<a href="#cite_note-140">[131]</a> The wall had cut across <a href="/wiki/Ledra_Street" title="Ledra Street">Ledra Street</a> in the heart of Nicosia and was seen as a strong symbol of the island's 32-year division. On 3 April 2008, Ledra Street was reopened in the presence of Greek and Turkish Cypriot officials.<a href="#cite_note-141">[132]</a> The two sides relaunched reunification talks in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-142">[133]</a> but these collapsed in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-143">[134]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> warned in February 2019 that Cyprus was selling <a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">EU passports</a> to <a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian oligarch">Russian oligarchs</a>, and thus would allow <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organised crime</a> syndicates to infiltrate the EU.<a href="#cite_note-144">[135]</a> In 2020, leaked documents revealed a wider range of former and current officials from Afghanistan, China, Dubai, Lebanon, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine and Vietnam who bought a Cypriot citizenship prior to a change of the law in July 2019.<a href="#cite_note-145">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[137]</a> Since 2020 Cyprus and Turkey have been <a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Turkey_maritime_zones_dispute" title="Cyprus–Turkey maritime zones dispute">engaged in a dispute</a> over the extent of their <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zones</a>, ostensibly sparked by oil and gas exploration in the area.<a href="#cite_note-147">[138]</a> In November 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Confidential" title="Cyprus Confidential">Cyprus Confidential</a> data leak published by the <a href="/wiki/International_Consortium_of_Investigative_Journalists" title="International Consortium of Investigative Journalists">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists</a> showed the country's financial network entertaining strong links with Russian oligarchs and high-up figures in the Kremlin, supporting the regime of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[139]</a> In July 2024, on the 50th anniversary of the Turkish invasion of Northern Cyprus, Turkish President Erdoğan rejected a United Nations-endorsed plan for a federal government and supported the idea of having two separate states within Cyprus. Greek Cypriots immediately rejected Erdoğan's two-state proposal, calling it a "non-starter".<a href="#cite_note-149">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Geography of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_sentinel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cyprus_sentinel2.jpg/220px-Cyprus_sentinel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cyprus_sentinel2.jpg/330px-Cyprus_sentinel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cyprus_sentinel2.jpg/440px-Cyprus_sentinel2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="18202" data-file-height="11181" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> image of Cyprus taken in 2022</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_caves_Cape_Greco_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sea_caves_Cape_Greco_9.jpg/220px-Sea_caves_Cape_Greco_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sea_caves_Cape_Greco_9.jpg/330px-Sea_caves_Cape_Greco_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sea_caves_Cape_Greco_9.jpg/440px-Sea_caves_Cape_Greco_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3305" /></a><figcaption>Sea caves at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Greco" title="Cape Greco">Cape Greco</a></figcaption></figure> Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Italian islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, both in terms of area and population.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-4">[3]</a> It is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">world's 80th largest by area</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">world's 51st largest by population</a>. It measures 240 kilometres (149 mi) long from end to end and 100 kilometres (62 mi) wide at its widest point, with Turkey 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the north. It lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/34th_parallel_north" title="34th parallel north">34°</a> and <a href="/wiki/36th_parallel_north" title="36th parallel north">36° N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/32nd_meridian_east" title="32nd meridian east">32°</a> and <a href="/wiki/35th_meridian_east" title="35th meridian east">35° E</a>. Other neighbouring territories include Syria and Lebanon to the east and southeast (105 and 108 kilometres (65 and 67 mi), respectively), Israel 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the southeast, The Gaza Strip 427 kilometres (265 mi) to the southeast, Egypt 380 kilometres (236 mi) to the south, and Greece to the northwest: 280 kilometres (174 mi) to the small <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanesian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a> (Megisti), 400 kilometres (249 mi) to <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> and 800 kilometres (497 mi) to the Greek mainland. Cyprus is at the crossroads of three continents, with some sources placing Cyprus in Europe,<a href="#cite_note-150">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[143]</a> and some sources placing Cyprus in Western Asia and the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-153">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-4">[3]</a> The physical relief of the island is dominated by two mountain ranges, the <a href="/wiki/Troodos_Mountains" title="Troodos Mountains">Troodos Mountains</a> and the smaller <a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_Mountains" title="Kyrenia Mountains">Kyrenia Range</a>, and the central plain they encompass, the <a href="/wiki/Mesaoria" title="Mesaoria">Mesaoria</a>. The Mesaoria plain is drained by the <a href="/wiki/Pedieos_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedieos River">Pedieos River</a>, the longest on the island. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western portions of the island and account for roughly half its area. The highest point on Cyprus is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus_(Cyprus)" title="Mount Olympus (Cyprus)">Mount Olympus</a> at 1,952 m (6,404 ft), in the centre of the Troodos range. The narrow Kyrenia Range, extending along the northern coastline, occupies substantially less area, and elevations are lower, reaching a maximum of 1,024 m (3,360 ft). The island lies within the <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolian Plate">Anatolian Plate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[145]</a> Cyprus contains the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Mediterranean_forests" title="Cyprus Mediterranean forests">Cyprus Mediterranean forests</a> ecoregion.<a href="#cite_note-155">[146]</a> It had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 7.06/10, ranking it 59th globally out of 172 countries.<a href="#cite_note-156">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitically</a>, the island is subdivided into four main segments. The Republic of Cyprus occupies the southern two-thirds of the island (59.74%). The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus occupies the northern third (34.85%), and the United Nations-controlled <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Cyprus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Line (Cyprus)">Green Line</a> provides a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_zone" title="Buffer zone">buffer zone</a> that separates the two and covers 2.67% of the island. Lastly, there are <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Base Areas">two bases under British sovereignty</a> on the island: <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>, covering the remaining 2.74%. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_UN_tower,_North_Nicosia,_Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg/220px-Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg/330px-Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg/440px-Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2870" data-file-height="4990" /></a><figcaption>UN tower in the buffer zone</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cyprus" title="Climate of Cyprus">Climate of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chionistra_winter_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Chionistra_winter_1.JPG/220px-Chionistra_winter_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Chionistra_winter_1.JPG/330px-Chionistra_winter_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Chionistra_winter_1.JPG/440px-Chionistra_winter_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Troodos_Mountains" title="Troodos Mountains">Troodos Mountains</a> experience heavy snowfall in winter.</figcaption></figure> Cyprus has a <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical climate</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a> type (in the north-eastern part of the island) – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classifications</a> Csa and BSh,<a href="#cite_note-157">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[149]</a> with very mild winters (on the coast) and warm to hot summers. Snow is possible only in the Troodos Mountains in the central part of island. Rain occurs mainly in winter, with summer being generally dry. Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-159">[150]</a> The average annual temperature on the coast is around 24 °C (75 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).<a href="#cite_note-160">[151]</a> Sunshine hours on the coast are around 3,200 per year, from an average of 5–6 hours of sunshine per day in December to an average of 12–13 hours in July.<a href="#cite_note-161">[152]</a> This is about double that of cities in the northern half of Europe; for comparison, London receives about 1,540 per year.<a href="#cite_note-London_climate-162">[153]</a> In December, London receives about 50 hours of sunshine<a href="#cite_note-London_climate-162">[153]</a> while coastal locations in Cyprus about 180 hours (almost as much as in May in London). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kouris_Dam_-_overflow_day_8_April_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kouris_Dam_-_overflow_day_8_April_2012.jpg/220px-Kouris_Dam_-_overflow_day_8_April_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kouris_Dam_-_overflow_day_8_April_2012.jpg/330px-Kouris_Dam_-_overflow_day_8_April_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kouris_Dam_-_overflow_day_8_April_2012.jpg/440px-Kouris_Dam_-_overflow_day_8_April_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kouris_Dam" title="Kouris Dam">Kouris Dam</a> overflow in April 2012</figcaption></figure> Cyprus suffers from a chronic shortage of water. The country relies heavily on rain to provide household water, but in the past 30 years average yearly precipitation has decreased.<a href="#cite_note-Meteo-163">[154]</a> Between 2001 and 2004, exceptionally heavy annual rainfall pushed water reserves up, with supply exceeding demand, allowing total storage in the island's reservoirs to rise to an all-time high by the start of 2005. However, since then demand has increased annually – a result of local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists – while supply has fallen as a result of more frequent droughts<a href="#cite_note-Meteo-163">[154]</a> (<a href="/wiki/2006_European_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 European heat wave">2006 European heat wave</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_European_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 European heat wave">2018 European heat wave</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_European_heat_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 European heat waves">2019 European heat waves</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_European_heat_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 European heat waves">2022 European heat waves</a>). Dams remain the principal source of water both for domestic and agricultural use; Cyprus has a total of 108 dams and reservoirs, with a total water storage capacity of about 330,000,000 m3 (1.2×1010 cu ft).<a href="#cite_note-164">[155]</a> Water <a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalination</a> plants are gradually being constructed to deal with recent years of prolonged drought. The Government has invested heavily in the creation of water desalination plants which have supplied almost 50 per cent of domestic water since 2001. Efforts have also been made to raise public awareness of the situation and to encourage domestic water users to take more responsibility for the conservation of this increasingly scarce commodity.<a href="#cite_note-165">[156]</a> Turkey has built a water pipeline under the Mediterranean Sea from <a href="/wiki/Anamur" title="Anamur">Anamur</a> on its southern coast to the northern coast of Cyprus, to supply Northern Cyprus with potable and irrigation water (see <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_Water_Supply_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cyprus Water Supply Project">Northern Cyprus Water Supply Project</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Mediterranean_forests" title="Cyprus Mediterranean forests">Cyprus Mediterranean forests</a></div> Cyprus is home to a number of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species, including the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_mouse" title="Cypriot mouse">Cypriot mouse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Quercus_alnifolia" title="Quercus alnifolia">golden oak</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_brevifolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedrus brevifolia">Cyprus cedar</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_plants_of_Cyprus" title="List of endemic plants of Cyprus">List of endemic plants of Cyprus</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Politics of Cyprus</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christodoulides2019a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Christodoulides2019a.jpg/150px-Christodoulides2019a.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Christodoulides2019a.jpg/225px-Christodoulides2019a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Christodoulides2019a.jpg/300px-Christodoulides2019a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1315" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President of Cyprus</a> since February 2023</figcaption></figure> Cyprus is a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a>. The head of state and of the government is elected by a process of <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> for a five-year term. Executive power is exercised by the government with legislative power vested in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Cyprus)" title="House of Representatives (Cyprus)">House of Representatives</a> whilst the Judiciary is independent of both the executive and the legislature. The 1960 Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative and judicial branches as well as a complex system of checks and balances including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots. The executive was led by a Greek Cypriot president and a Turkish Cypriot vice-president elected by their respective communities for five-year terms and each possessing a right of veto over certain types of legislation and executive decisions. Legislative power rested on the House of Representatives who were also elected on the basis of separate voters' rolls. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parlanet_cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Parlanet_cyprus.jpg/220px-Parlanet_cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Parlanet_cyprus.jpg/330px-Parlanet_cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Parlanet_cyprus.jpg/440px-Parlanet_cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Nicosia" title="Presidential Palace, Nicosia">Presidential Palace, Nicosia</a></figcaption></figure> Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot">Turkish Cypriot</a> seats in the House have remained vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus. As of 2007, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Cyprus)" title="House of Representatives (Cyprus)">House of Representatives</a> had 56 members elected for a five-year term by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, and three observer members representing the <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Cyprus">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Cyprus">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maronites_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronites in Cyprus">Maronite</a> minorities. Twenty-four seats were allocated to the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> community but have remained vacant since 1964. The political environment was dominated by the communist <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Working_People" title="Progressive Party of Working People">AKEL</a>, the liberal conservative <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Rally" title="Democratic Rally">Democratic Rally</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Cyprus)" title="Democratic Party (Cyprus)">Democratic Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Social_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for Social Democracy">EDEK</a>. In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Christofias" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitris Christofias">Dimitris Christofias</a> became the country's first Communist head of state. Due to his involvement in the <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Cypriot_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis">2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis</a>, Christofias did not run for re-election in 2013. The Presidential election in 2013 resulted in <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Rally" title="Democratic Rally">Democratic Rally</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Nicos_Anastasiades" title="Nicos Anastasiades">Nicos Anastasiades</a> winning 57.48% of the vote. As a result, Anastasiades was sworn in on 28 February 2013. Anastasiades was re-elected with 56% of the vote in the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_presidential_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot presidential election, 2018">2018 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[159]</a> On 28 February 2023, <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a>, the winner of the 2023 presidential <a href="/wiki/2023_Cypriot_presidential_election" title="2023 Cypriot presidential election">election</a> run-off, was sworn in as the eighth president of the Republic of Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-169">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Districts of Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Cyprus" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus">List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus</a></div> The Republic of Cyprus is divided into six districts: <a href="/wiki/Nicosia_District" title="Nicosia District">Nicosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Famagusta_District" title="Famagusta District">Famagusta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_District" title="Kyrenia District">Kyrenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larnaca_District" title="Larnaca District">Larnaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limassol_District" title="Limassol District">Limassol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paphos_District" title="Paphos District">Paphos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[161]</a> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 550px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_districts_not_named.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Cyprus_districts_not_named.svg/550px-Cyprus_districts_not_named.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Cyprus_districts_not_named.svg/825px-Cyprus_districts_not_named.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Cyprus_districts_not_named.svg/1100px-Cyprus_districts_not_named.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="645" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; left:198px; top:196px"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia_District" title="Nicosia District">Nicosia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:150px; top:280px"><a href="/wiki/Limassol_District" title="Limassol District">Limassol</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:276px; top:256px"><a href="/wiki/Larnaca_District" title="Larnaca District">Larnaca</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:42px; top:244px"><a href="/wiki/Paphos_District" title="Paphos District">Paphos</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:345px; top:154px"><a href="/wiki/Famagusta_District" title="Famagusta District">Famagusta</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:216px; top:121px"><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_District" title="Kyrenia District">Kyrenia</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exclaves_and_enclaves">Exclaves and enclaves</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhekelia_Power_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dhekelia_Power_Station.jpg/220px-Dhekelia_Power_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dhekelia_Power_Station.jpg/330px-Dhekelia_Power_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dhekelia_Power_Station.jpg/440px-Dhekelia_Power_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4101" data-file-height="2394" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dhekelia_Power_Station" title="Dhekelia Power Station">Dhekelia Power Station</a></figcaption></figure> Cyprus has four <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclaves</a>, all in territory that belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">British Sovereign Base Area of Dhekelia</a>. The first two are the villages of <a href="/wiki/Ormidhia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ormidhia">Ormidhia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xylotymvou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xylotymvou">Xylotymvou</a>. The third is the <a href="/wiki/Dhekelia_Power_Station" title="Dhekelia Power Station">Dhekelia Power Station</a>, which is divided by a British road into two parts. The northern part is the <a href="/wiki/Electricity_Authority_of_Cyprus" title="Electricity Authority of Cyprus">EAC</a> refugee settlement. The southern part, even though located by the sea, is also an exclave because it has no <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a> of its own, those being UK waters.<a href="#cite_note-171">[162]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">UN buffer zone</a> runs up against Dhekelia and picks up again from its east side off <a href="/wiki/Ayios_Nikolaos,_SBA" title="Ayios Nikolaos, SBA">Ayios Nikolaos</a> and is connected to the rest of Dhekelia by a thin land corridor. In that sense the buffer zone turns the <a href="/wiki/Paralimni" title="Paralimni">Paralimni</a> area on the southeast corner of the island into a de facto, though not <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>, exclave. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Foreign relations of Cyprus</a></div> The Republic of Cyprus is a member of the following international groups: <a href="/wiki/Australia_Group" title="Australia Group">Australia Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">CN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">CE</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFSP" class="mw-redirect" title="CFSP">CFSP</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBRD" class="mw-redirect" title="EBRD">EBRD</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">EIB</a>, <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>, <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAEA" class="mw-redirect" title="IAEA">IAEA</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBRD" class="mw-redirect" title="IBRD">IBRD</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICAO" class="mw-redirect" title="ICAO">ICAO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="International Chamber of Commerce">ICC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">ICCt</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">ITUC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFAD" class="mw-redirect" title="IFAD">IFAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/IHO" class="mw-redirect" title="IHO">IHO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Meteorological_Organization" title="International Meteorological Organization">IMO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOC" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC">IOC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union" title="Inter-Parliamentary Union">IPU</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU">ITU</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIGA" class="mw-redirect" title="MIGA">MIGA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">NAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Suppliers_Group" title="Nuclear Suppliers Group">NSG</a>, <a href="/wiki/OPCW" class="mw-redirect" title="OPCW">OPCW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">PCA</a>, UN, <a href="/wiki/UNCTAD" class="mw-redirect" title="UNCTAD">UNCTAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a>, <a href="/wiki/UPU" class="mw-redirect" title="UPU">UPU</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Confederation_of_Labour" title="World Confederation of Labour">WCL</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Customs_Organization" title="World Customs Organization">WCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">WFTU</a>, <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>, <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a>, <a href="/wiki/WMO" class="mw-redirect" title="WMO">WMO</a>, <a href="/wiki/WToO" class="mw-redirect" title="WToO">WToO</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">WTO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[163]</a> Cyprus is the 88th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cyprus_7_October_2010-2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cyprus_7_October_2010-2.jpeg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cyprus_7_October_2010-2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cyprus_7_October_2010-2.jpeg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cyprus_7_October_2010-2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cyprus_7_October_2010-2.jpeg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cyprus_7_October_2010-2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Welcoming ceremony of the former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian president</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> by the soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a> is the main military institution of the Republic of Cyprus. It is a <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> force, with land, air and naval elements. Historically all male citizens were required to spend 24 months serving in the National Guard after their 17th birthday, but in 2016 this period of compulsory service was reduced to 14 months.<a href="#cite_note-174">[165]</a> Annually, approximately 10,000 persons are trained in recruit centres. Depending on their awarded speciality the conscript recruits are then transferred to speciality training camps or to operational units. While until 2016 the armed forces were mainly conscript based, since then a large professional enlisted institution has been adopted (ΣΥΟΠ), which combined with the reduction of conscript service produces an approximate 3:1 ratio between conscript and professional enlisted. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law,_justice_and_human_rights">Law, justice and human rights</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Police" title="Cyprus Police">Cyprus Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Human rights in Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_Justice_old_square_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus_Cyprus_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_old_square_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus_Cyprus_2.jpg/220px-Supreme_Court_of_Justice_old_square_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus_Cyprus_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_old_square_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus_Cyprus_2.jpg/330px-Supreme_Court_of_Justice_old_square_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus_Cyprus_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_old_square_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus_Cyprus_2.jpg/440px-Supreme_Court_of_Justice_old_square_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus_Cyprus_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>Supreme Court of Justice</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Police" title="Cyprus Police">Cyprus Police</a> (Greek: Αστυνομία Κύπρου, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: Kıbrıs Polisi) is the only National Police Service of the Republic of Cyprus and is under the Ministry of Justice and Public Order since 1993.<a href="#cite_note-175">[166]</a> In "Freedom in the World 2011", Freedom House rated Cyprus as "free".<a href="#cite_note-176">[167]</a> In January 2011, the Report of the Office of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> on the question of Human Rights in Cyprus noted that the ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island "including freedom of movement, human rights pertaining to the question of missing persons, discrimination, the right to life, freedom of religion, and economic, social and cultural rights".<a href="#cite_note-177">[168]</a> The constant focus on the division of the island can sometimes mask other human rights issues.<a href="#cite_note-178">[169]</a> Prostitution is rife, and the island has been criticized for its role in the sex trade as one of the main routes of <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a> from Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-179">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[171]</a> In 2014, Turkey was ordered by the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> to pay well over $100m in compensation to Cyprus for the invasion;<a href="#cite_note-181">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> announced that it would ignore the judgment.<a href="#cite_note-182">[173]</a> In 2014, a group of Cypriot refugees and a European parliamentarian, later joined by the Cypriot government, filed a complaint to the International Court of Justice, accusing Turkey of violating the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> by directly or indirectly transferring <a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">its civilian population</a> into occupied territory.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Other violations of the Geneva and the Hague Conventions—both ratified by Turkey—amount to what archaeologist Sophocles Hadjisavvas called "the organised destruction of Greek and Christian heritage in the north".<a href="#cite_note-Hadjisavvas_2015-183">[174]</a> These violations include looting of cultural treasures, deliberate destruction of churches, neglect of works of art, and altering the names of important historical sites, which was condemned by the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_on_Monuments_and_Sites" title="International Council on Monuments and Sites">International Council on Monuments and Sites</a>. Hadjisavvas has asserted that these actions are motivated by a Turkish policy of erasing the Greek presence in Northern Cyprus within a framework of ethnic cleansing. But some perpetrators are just motivated by greed and are seeking profit.<a href="#cite_note-Hadjisavvas_2015-183">[174]</a> Art law expert Alessandro Chechi has classified the connection of cultural heritage destruction to ethnic cleansing as the "Greek Cypriot viewpoint", which he reports as having been dismissed by two <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">PACE</a> reports. Chechi asserts joint Greek and Turkish Cypriot responsibility for the destruction of cultural heritage in Cyprus, noting the destruction of Turkish Cypriot heritage in the hands of Greek Cypriot extremists.<a href="#cite_note-184">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cyprus" title="Economy of Cyprus">Economy of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_central_bank_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cyprus_central_bank_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/170px-Cyprus_central_bank_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cyprus_central_bank_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/255px-Cyprus_central_bank_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cyprus_central_bank_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/340px-Cyprus_central_bank_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3035" data-file-height="1477" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Cyprus" title="Central Bank of Cyprus">Central Bank of Cyprus</a></figcaption></figure> In the early 21st century, Cyprus boasted a prosperous service-based economy that made it the wealthiest of the ten countries that joined the European Union in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Econ-185">[176]</a> However, the Cypriot economy was later damaged by the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">global financial crisis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_sovereign-debt_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European sovereign-debt crisis">Eurozone crisis</a>. In June 2012, the Cypriot government announced it would need €1.8 billion in foreign aid to support the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Popular_Bank" title="Cyprus Popular Bank">Cyprus Popular Bank</a>, and this was followed by <a href="/wiki/Fitch_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitch Group">Fitch</a> downgrading Cyprus's credit rating to <a href="/wiki/Junk_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Junk status">junk status</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_2012-186">[177]</a> Fitch stated Cyprus would need an additional €4 billion to support its banks and the downgrade was mainly due to the exposure of <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Cyprus" title="Bank of Cyprus">Bank of Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Popular_Bank" title="Cyprus Popular Bank">Cyprus Popular Bank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Bank" title="Hellenic Bank">Hellenic Bank</a>, Cyprus's three largest banks, to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_government-debt_crisis" title="Greek government-debt crisis">Greek financial crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_2012-186">[177]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BlueEurozone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlueEurozone.svg/220px-BlueEurozone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlueEurozone.svg/330px-BlueEurozone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlueEurozone.svg/440px-BlueEurozone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Cyprus is part of a monetary union, the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a> (dark blue) and of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Market_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal Market (European Union)">EU single market</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Cypriot_financial_crisis" title="2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis">2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis</a> led to an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a> in March 2013 to split Cyprus Popular Bank, into a "bad" bank which would be wound down over time and a "good" bank which would be absorbed by the Bank of Cyprus. In return for a €10 billion <a href="/wiki/Bailout" title="Bailout">bailout</a> from the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, often referred to as the "troika", the Cypriot government was required to impose a significant <a href="/wiki/Haircut_(finance)" title="Haircut (finance)">haircut</a> on <a href="/wiki/Deposit_insurance" title="Deposit insurance">uninsured deposits</a>, a large proportion of which were held by wealthy <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> who used Cyprus as a <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax haven</a>. Insured deposits of €100,000 or less were not affected.<a href="#cite_note-187">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[180]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limassol_New_General_Hospital_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Limassol_New_General_Hospital_03.JPG/170px-Limassol_New_General_Hospital_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Limassol_New_General_Hospital_03.JPG/255px-Limassol_New_General_Hospital_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Limassol_New_General_Hospital_03.JPG/340px-Limassol_New_General_Hospital_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2225" /></a><figcaption>Limassol General Hospital</figcaption></figure> Cyprus made a staggering[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] economic recovery in the 2010s,<a href="#cite_note-190">[181]</a> and according to the 2023 International Monetary Fund estimates, Cyprus' <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">per capita GDP</a> at <a href="/wiki/International_dollar" title="International dollar">$</a>54,611 is the highest in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a>, though slightly below the European Union average.<a href="#cite_note-191">[182]</a> Tourism, financial services and shipping are significant parts of the economy, and Cyprus has been sought as a base for several offshore businesses due its low tax rates and <a href="/wiki/Ease_of_doing_business_index" title="Ease of doing business index">ease of doing business</a>. Robust growth was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s, due to the focus placed by Cypriot governments on meeting the criteria for admission to the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-192">[183]</a> The Cypriot government adopted the euro as the national currency on 1 January 2008, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_pound" title="Cypriot pound">Cypriot pound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Econ-185">[176]</a> Cyprus is the last EU member fully isolated from energy interconnections and it is expected that it will be connected to European network via the <a href="/wiki/EuroAsia_Interconnector" class="mw-redirect" title="EuroAsia Interconnector">EuroAsia Interconnector</a>, a 2000 MW <a href="/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current" title="High-voltage direct current">high-voltage direct current</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine_power_cable" title="Submarine power cable">undersea power cable</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/EuroAsia_Interconnector" class="mw-redirect" title="EuroAsia Interconnector">EuroAsia Interconnector</a> will connect Greek, Cypriot, and Israeli power grids. It is a leading Project of Common Interest of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and also priority Electricity Highway Interconnector Project.<a href="#cite_note-194">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[186]</a> In recent years significant quantities of offshore natural gas have been discovered in the area known as <a href="/wiki/Block_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Block 12">Aphrodite</a> (at the exploratory drilling block 12) in Cyprus's exclusive economic zone (<a href="/wiki/EEZ" class="mw-redirect" title="EEZ">EEZ</a>),<a href="#cite_note-196">[187]</a> about 175 kilometres (109 miles) south of Limassol at 33°5'40″N and 32°59'0″E.<a href="#cite_note-197">[188]</a> However, Turkey's offshore drilling companies have accessed both natural gas and oil resources since 2013.<a href="#cite_note-198">[189]</a> Cyprus demarcated its maritime border with Egypt in 2003, with Lebanon in 2007,<a href="#cite_note-199">[190]</a> and with Israel in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-200">[191]</a> In August 2011, the US-based firm <a href="/wiki/Noble_Energy" title="Noble Energy">Noble Energy</a> entered into a production-sharing agreement with the Cypriot government regarding the block's commercial development.<a href="#cite_note-201">[192]</a> Turkey, which does not recognise the border agreements of Cyprus with its neighbours,<a href="#cite_note-202">[193]</a> threatened to mobilise its naval forces if Cyprus proceeded with plans to begin drilling at Block 12.<a href="#cite_note-203">[194]</a> Cyprus's drilling efforts have the support of the US, EU, and UN, and on 19 September 2011 drilling in Block 12 began without any incidents being reported.<a href="#cite_note-204">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cyprus" title="Transport in Cyprus">Transport in Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Cyprus">Communications in Cyprus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranes_Limassol_Harbour_20110703.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cranes_Limassol_Harbour_20110703.jpg/200px-Cranes_Limassol_Harbour_20110703.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cranes_Limassol_Harbour_20110703.jpg/300px-Cranes_Limassol_Harbour_20110703.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cranes_Limassol_Harbour_20110703.jpg/400px-Cranes_Limassol_Harbour_20110703.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Limassol" title="Port of Limassol">port of Limassol</a>, the busiest in Cyprus</div></div></div></div> Cyprus is one of only three EU nations in which vehicles drive on the <a href="/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Right- and left-hand traffic">left-hand side of the road</a>, a remnant of British rule. <a href="/wiki/Roads_and_motorways_in_Cyprus" title="Roads and motorways in Cyprus">A series of motorways</a> runs along the coast from <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ayia_Napa" title="Ayia Napa">Ayia Napa</a>, with two motorways running inland to Nicosia, one from Limassol and one from <a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>. Per capita private car ownership is the 29th-highest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-205">[196]</a> There were approximately 344,000 privately owned vehicles, and a total of 517,000 registered motor vehicles in the Republic of Cyprus in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-206">[197]</a> In 2006, plans were announced to improve and expand bus services and other public transport throughout Cyprus, with the financial backing of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> Development Bank. In 2010 the new bus network was implemented.<a href="#cite_note-207">[198]</a> Cyprus has two international airports in the government-controlled areas, the busier one being in <a href="/wiki/Larnaca_International_Airport" title="Larnaca International Airport">Larnaca</a> and the other in <a href="/wiki/Paphos_International_Airport" title="Paphos International Airport">Paphos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[199]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ercan_International_Airport" title="Ercan International Airport">Ercan International Airport</a> is the only active one in the non-government-controlled areas, but all international flights there must have a stopover in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-209">[200]</a> The main <a href="/wiki/Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour">harbours</a> of the island are <a href="/wiki/Limassol_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Limassol Port">Limassol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>, which service cargo, passenger and <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a>. <a href="/wiki/CYTA" class="mw-redirect" title="CYTA">Cyta</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Public_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public ownership">state-owned</a> telecommunications company, manages most telecommunications and Internet connections on the island. However, following deregulation of the sector, a few private telecommunications companies emerged, including <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Telecom" title="Monaco Telecom">epic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cablenet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cablenet (page does not exist)">Cablenet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OTEnet_Telecom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OTEnet Telecom (page does not exist)">OTEnet Telecom</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_Telecom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega Telecom (page does not exist)">Omega Telecom</a> and <a href="/wiki/PrimeTel" title="PrimeTel">PrimeTel</a>. In the non-government-controlled areas of Cyprus, two different companies administer the mobile phone network: <a href="/wiki/Turkcell" title="Turkcell">Turkcell</a> and <a href="/wiki/KKTC_Telsim" title="KKTC Telsim">KKTC Telsim</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Demographics of Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Cyprus" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus">List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus-demography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cyprus-demography.png/220px-Cyprus-demography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cyprus-demography.png/330px-Cyprus-demography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cyprus-demography.png/440px-Cyprus-demography.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Population growth, 1961–2003 (numbers for the entire island, excluding Turkish settlers residing in Northern Cyprus)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cypruspop-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cypruspop-2010.svg/220px-Cypruspop-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cypruspop-2010.svg/330px-Cypruspop-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cypruspop-2010.svg/440px-Cypruspop-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>2010 population by age and gender</figcaption></figure> According to the Republic of Cyprus' website, the population in the government controlled areas was 918,100 at the 2021 Census, with the most populous district being Nicosia (38%), followed by Limassol (28%).<a href="#cite_note-210">[201]</a> The Nicosia Metropolitan area, consisting of seven municipalities, is the largest urban area on the island with a population of 255,309.<a href="#cite_note-211">[202]</a> As per the first population census after independence, carried out in December 1960 and covering the entire island, Cyprus had a total population of 573,566, of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others.<a href="#cite_note-Solsten2-101">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hatay_2007-212">[203]</a> The CIA World Factbook calculated that in 2001, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> comprised 77%, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a> 18%, and others 5% of the total Cypriot population.<a href="#cite_note-213">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hadjipavlou_2002-214">[205]</a> Due to the inter-communal ethnic tensions between 1963 and 1974, an island-wide census was regarded as impossible. Nevertheless, the Cypriot government conducted one in 1973, without the Turkish Cypriot populace.<a href="#cite_note-215">[206]</a> According to this census, the Greek Cypriot population was 482,000. One year later, in 1974, the Cypriot government's Department of Statistics and Research estimated the total population of Cyprus at 641,000; of whom 506,000 (78.9%) were Greeks, and 118,000 (18.4%) Turkish.<a href="#cite_note-216">[207]</a> After the military occupation of part of the island in 1974, the government of Cyprus conducted six more censuses: in 1976, 1982, 1992, 2001, 2011 and 2021; these excluded the Turkish population which was resident in non-government-controlled areas of the island.<a href="#cite_note-Hatay_2007-212">[203]</a> In addition to this, the Republic of Cyprus is home to 110,200 foreign permanent residents<a href="#cite_note-217">[208]</a> and an estimated 10,000–30,000 undocumented illegal immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-218">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hadjipavlou_2002-214">[205]</a> As of 2011, there were 10,520 people of <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Russians in Cyprus">Russian</a> origin living in Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-219">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[211]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="column">Nationality </th> <th scope="column">Population (2011) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Greece </th> <td>29,321 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom </th> <td>24,046 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Romania </th> <td>23,706 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Bulgaria </th> <td>18,536 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Philippines </th> <td>9,413 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Russia </th> <td>8,164 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Sri Lanka </th> <td>7,269 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Vietnam </th> <td>7,028 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Syria </th> <td>3,054 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> India </th> <td>2,933 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the 2006 census carried out by Northern Cyprus, there were 256,644 (<a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>) people living in Northern Cyprus. 178,031 were citizens of Northern Cyprus, of whom 147,405 were born in Cyprus (112,534 from the north; 32,538 from the south; 371 did not indicate what region of Cyprus they were from); 27,333 born in Turkey; 2,482 born in the UK and 913 born in Bulgaria. Of the 147,405 citizens born in Cyprus, 120,031 say both parents were born in Cyprus; 16,824 say both parents born in Turkey; 10,361 have one parent born in Turkey and one parent born in Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-221">[212]</a> In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a> estimated that the total population of the island was 1.1 million,<a href="#cite_note-222">[213]</a> of which there were an estimated 300,000 residents in the north, perhaps half of whom were <a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">either born in Turkey</a> or are children of such settlers.<a href="#cite_note-223">[214]</a> The villages of <a href="/wiki/Rizokarpaso" title="Rizokarpaso">Rizokarpaso</a> (in Northern Cyprus), Potamia (in Nicosia district) and <a href="/wiki/Pyla" title="Pyla">Pyla</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Larnaca_District" title="Larnaca District">Larnaca District</a>) are the only settlements remaining with a mixed Greek and Turkish Cypriot population.<a href="#cite_note-224">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup" title="Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup">Y-Dna haplogroups</a> are found at the following frequencies in Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)">J</a> (43.07% including 6.20% J1), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E1b1b_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)">E1b1b</a> (20.00%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup R1 (Y-DNA)">R1</a> (12.30% including 9.2% R1b), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_F_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup F (Y-DNA)">F</a> (9.20%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)">I</a> (7.70%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_K_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)">K</a> (4.60%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_A_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)">A</a> (3.10%).<a href="#cite_note-225">[216]</a> J, K, F and E1b1b haplogroups consist of lineages with differential distribution within Middle East, North Africa and Europe. Outside Cyprus there are significant and thriving diasporas – both a <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Greek Cypriot diaspora">Greek Cypriot diaspora</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a> – in the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, Greece and Turkey. According to <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, approximately 1,250 <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> live in Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-226">[217]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Cyprus" title="Template:Largest cities of Cyprus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Cyprus" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Cyprus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Cyprus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Cyprus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest municipalities in Cyprus <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Cyprus 2021 Population and Housing Census<a href="#cite_note-aftodioikisi_2023_f780-227">[218]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Cyprus" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Cyprus">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">District</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Cyprus" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus"> Pop.</a> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Fascinating_view_of_Nicosia_during_day_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicosia"><img alt="Nicosia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fascinating_view_of_Nicosia_during_day_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG/120px-Fascinating_view_of_Nicosia_during_day_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fascinating_view_of_Nicosia_during_day_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG/180px-Fascinating_view_of_Nicosia_during_day_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fascinating_view_of_Nicosia_during_day_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG/240px-Fascinating_view_of_Nicosia_during_day_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Limassol_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Limassol"><img alt="Limassol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View_of_Limassol_01.JPG/120px-View_of_Limassol_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View_of_Limassol_01.JPG/180px-View_of_Limassol_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View_of_Limassol_01.JPG/240px-View_of_Limassol_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2751" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia_District" title="Nicosia District">Nicosia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">173,175 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Izgled-Strovolos-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strovolos"><img alt="Strovolos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Izgled-Strovolos-5.jpg/120px-Izgled-Strovolos-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Izgled-Strovolos-5.jpg/180px-Izgled-Strovolos-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Izgled-Strovolos-5.jpg/240px-Izgled-Strovolos-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Strovolos" title="Strovolos">Strovolos</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Larnaca_01-2017_img31_Salt_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Larnaca"><img alt="Larnaca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Larnaca_01-2017_img31_Salt_Lake.jpg/120px-Larnaca_01-2017_img31_Salt_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Larnaca_01-2017_img31_Salt_Lake.jpg/180px-Larnaca_01-2017_img31_Salt_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Larnaca_01-2017_img31_Salt_Lake.jpg/240px-Larnaca_01-2017_img31_Salt_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4226" data-file-height="2641" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Limassol_District" title="Limassol District">Limassol</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">124,054 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Strovolos" title="Strovolos">Strovolos</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia_District" title="Nicosia District">Nicosia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,123 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Larnaca_District" title="Larnaca District">Larnaca</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">68,194 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lakatamia" title="Lakatamia">Lakatamia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia_District" title="Nicosia District">Nicosia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">53,273 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Agios_Athanasios,_Cyprus" title="Agios Athanasios, Cyprus">Agios Athanasios</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Limassol_District" title="Limassol District">Limassol</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">42,936 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Famagusta_District" title="Famagusta District">Famagusta</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">42,526 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paphos_District" title="Paphos District">Paphos</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">37,297 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia" title="Kyrenia">Kyrenia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_District" title="Kyrenia District">Kyrenia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,207 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paralimni" title="Paralimni">Paralimni</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Famagusta_District" title="Famagusta District">Famagusta</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,709 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Religion in Cyprus</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Religion in Cyprus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research</a>)<a href="#cite_note-228">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-4">[3]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:78%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">78%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:20%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">None</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Kykko_Monastery_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kykko_Monastery_2.jpg/180px-Kykko_Monastery_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kykko_Monastery_2.jpg/270px-Kykko_Monastery_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kykko_Monastery_2.jpg/360px-Kykko_Monastery_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg/180px-Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg/270px-Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg/360px-Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4765" data-file-height="3176" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kykkos_Monastery" title="Kykkos Monastery">Kykkos Monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pedoulas" title="Pedoulas">Pedoulas</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Hala_Sultan_Tekke" title="Hala Sultan Tekke">Hala Sultan Tekke</a> near <a href="/wiki/Larnaca_Salt_Lake" title="Larnaca Salt Lake">Larnaca Salt Lake</a> (right)</div></div></div></div> The majority of Greek Cypriots identify as <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, specifically <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Greek Orthodox</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CIA-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[221]</a> whereas most Turkish Cypriots are adherents of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President of Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a>, was an <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hala_Sultan_Tekke" title="Hala Sultan Tekke">Hala Sultan Tekke</a>, situated near the <a href="/wiki/Larnaca_Salt_Lake" title="Larnaca Salt Lake">Larnaca Salt Lake</a> is an object of <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> for Muslims. According to the 2001 census carried out in the government-controlled areas,<a href="#cite_note-231">[222]</a> 94.8% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a>, 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Armenian_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Armenian religion in Cyprus">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a>, 1.5% Roman Catholic, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, and 0.6% Muslim. There is also a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cyprus" title="History of the Jews in Cyprus">Jewish community on Cyprus</a>. The remaining 1.3% adhered to other religious denominations or did not state their religion. The Greek Orthodox, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>, and both the Maronite and <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a> Catholics are constitutionally recognised denominations and exempt from taxes.<a href="#cite_note-232">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Languages of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Alphabet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Armenian_Alphabet.jpg/220px-Armenian_Alphabet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Armenian_Alphabet.jpg/330px-Armenian_Alphabet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Armenian_Alphabet.jpg/440px-Armenian_Alphabet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>The Armenian Alphabet at the <a href="/wiki/Melkonian_Educational_Institute" title="Melkonian Educational Institute">Melkonian Educational Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> is recognised as a minority language in Cyprus.</figcaption></figure> Cyprus has two official languages, Greek and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Maronite_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot Maronite Arabic">Cypriot Maronite Arabic</a> are recognised as minority languages.<a href="#cite_note-235">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[227]</a> Although without official status, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is widely spoken and features widely on road signs and in public notices and advertisements.<a href="#cite_note-237">[228]</a> English was the sole official language during British colonial rule and the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> until 1960, and continued to be used (de facto) in courts of law until 1989 and in legislation until 1996.<a href="#cite_note-Euromosaic-238">[229]</a> In 2010, 80.4% of Cypriots were proficient in English as a <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[230]</a> Russian is widely spoken among the country's minorities, residents and citizens of post-Soviet countries, and <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, after English and Greek, is the third language used on many signs of shops and restaurants, particularly in Limassol and Paphos. In addition, in 2006, 12% of the population spoke <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and 5% spoke <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[231]</a> The everyday spoken language of Greek Cypriots is <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot Greek</a>, and that of Turkish Cypriots is <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Turkish" title="Cypriot Turkish">Cypriot Turkish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Euromosaic-238">[229]</a> These <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernaculars</a> both differ from their <a href="/wiki/Standard_language" title="Standard language">standard registers</a> significantly.<a href="#cite_note-Euromosaic-238">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Education in Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Izgled-Faneromeni_shool_and_the_Mausoleum_of_the_Martyrs_of_9_July_1821,_Nicosia-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Izgled-Faneromeni_shool_and_the_Mausoleum_of_the_Martyrs_of_9_July_1821%2C_Nicosia-2.jpg/220px-Izgled-Faneromeni_shool_and_the_Mausoleum_of_the_Martyrs_of_9_July_1821%2C_Nicosia-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Izgled-Faneromeni_shool_and_the_Mausoleum_of_the_Martyrs_of_9_July_1821%2C_Nicosia-2.jpg/330px-Izgled-Faneromeni_shool_and_the_Mausoleum_of_the_Martyrs_of_9_July_1821%2C_Nicosia-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Izgled-Faneromeni_shool_and_the_Mausoleum_of_the_Martyrs_of_9_July_1821%2C_Nicosia-2.jpg/440px-Izgled-Faneromeni_shool_and_the_Mausoleum_of_the_Martyrs_of_9_July_1821%2C_Nicosia-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faneromeni_School" title="Faneromeni School">Faneromeni School</a> is the oldest all-girl primary school in Cyprus.</figcaption></figure> Cyprus has a highly developed system of primary and secondary education offering both public and private education. The high quality of instruction can be attributed in part to the fact that nearly 7% of the GDP is spent on education which makes Cyprus one of the top three spenders of education in the EU along with Denmark and Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-241">[232]</a> Cyprus was ranked 27th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-242">[233]</a> State schools are generally seen as equivalent in quality of education to private-sector institutions. However, the value of a state high-school diploma is limited by the fact that the grades obtained account for only around 25% of the final grade for each topic, with the remaining 75% assigned by the teacher during the semester, in a minimally transparent way. Cypriot universities (like universities in Greece) ignore high school grades almost entirely for admissions purposes. While a high-school diploma is mandatory for university attendance, admissions are decided almost exclusively on the basis of scores at centrally administered university entrance examinations that all university candidates are required to take. The majority of Cypriots receive their higher education at Greek, British, Turkish, other European and North American universities. Cyprus currently[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] has the highest percentage of citizens of <a href="/wiki/Legal_working_age" title="Legal working age">working age</a> who have higher-level education in the EU at 30% which is ahead of Finland's 29.5%. In addition, 47% of its population aged 25–34 have tertiary education, which is the highest in the EU. The body of Cypriot students is highly mobile, with 78.7% studying in a university outside Cyprus. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagkiprio_High_school_entrance_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pagkiprio_High_school_entrance_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/170px-Pagkiprio_High_school_entrance_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pagkiprio_High_school_entrance_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/255px-Pagkiprio_High_school_entrance_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pagkiprio_High_school_entrance_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/340px-Pagkiprio_High_school_entrance_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The entrance of the historic <a href="/wiki/Pancyprian_Gymnasium" title="Pancyprian Gymnasium">Pancyprian Gymnasium</a></figcaption></figure> Greek and Turkish Cypriots share many cultural traits, while also possessing some differences. Several traditional food (such as <a href="/wiki/Souvla" title="Souvla">souvla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">halloumi</a>) and beverages are similar,<a href="#cite_note-243">[234]</a> as well as expressions and ways of life. Hospitality and buying or offering food and drinks for guests or others are common among both. In both communities, music, dance and art are integral parts of social life and many artistic, verbal and nonverbal expressions, traditional dances such as <a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">tsifteteli</a>, similarities in dance costumes and importance placed on social activities are shared between the communities.<a href="#cite_note-244">[235]</a> However, the two communities have distinct religions and religious cultures, with the Greek Cypriots traditionally being <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Greek Orthodox</a> and Turkish Cypriots traditionally being <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslims">Sunni Muslims</a>, which has partly hindered cultural exchange.<a href="#cite_note-245">[236]</a> Greek Cypriots have influences from Greece and Christianity, while Turkish Cypriots have influences from Turkey and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Limassol_Carnival_Festival" title="Limassol Carnival Festival">Limassol Carnival Festival</a> is an annual <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a> which is held at <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, in Cyprus. The event which is very popular in Cyprus was introduced in the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerinBurdick197982-246">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Classic_aristocratic_houses_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Classic_aristocratic_houses_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/170px-Classic_aristocratic_houses_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Classic_aristocratic_houses_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/255px-Classic_aristocratic_houses_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Classic_aristocratic_houses_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg/340px-Classic_aristocratic_houses_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Typical Cypriot architecture in old part of <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cypriot_artists" title="List of Cypriot artists">List of Cypriot artists</a></div> The art history of Cyprus can be said to stretch back up to 10,000 years, following the discovery of a series of <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> period carved figures in the villages of <a href="/wiki/Khoirokoitia" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoirokoitia">Khoirokoitia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lempa_(Lemba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lempa (Lemba)">Lempa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[238]</a> The island is the home to numerous examples of high quality religious <a href="/wiki/Icon_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Icon painting">icon painting</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/List_of_painted_churches_in_Cyprus" title="List of painted churches in Cyprus">many painted churches</a>. Cypriot architecture was heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/French_Gothic_architecture" title="French Gothic architecture">French Gothic</a> and Italian <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">renaissance</a> introduced in the island during the era of Latin domination (1191–1571). A well known traditional art that dates at least from the 14th century is the <a href="/wiki/Lefkara_lace" title="Lefkara lace">Lefkara lace</a>, which originates from the village of <a href="/wiki/Pano_Lefkara" title="Pano Lefkara">Lefkara</a>. Lefkara lace is recognised as an <a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">intangible cultural heritage</a> (ICH) by UNESCO, and it is characterised by distinct design patterns, and its intricate, time-consuming production process. Another local form of art that originated from Lefkara is the production of Cypriot Filigree (locally known as Trifourenio), a type of jewellery that is made with twisted threads of silver. In modern times Cypriot art history begins with the painter Vassilis Vryonides (1883–1958) who studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-248">[239]</a> Arguably the two founding fathers of modern Cypriot art were Adamantios Diamantis (1900–1994) who studied at London's <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a> and Christophoros Savva (1924–1968) who also studied in London, at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art" title="Saint Martin's School of Art">Saint Martin's School of Art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-249">[240]</a> In 1960, Savva founded, together with Welsh artist Glyn Hughes, Apophasis [Decision], the first independent cultural centre of the newly established Republic of Cyprus. In 1968, Savva was among the artists representing Cyprus in its inaugural Pavilion at the 34th Venice Biennale. English Cypriot Artist <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glynhughesart.com/">Glyn HUGHES</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619052247/http://glynhughesart.com/">Archived</a> 19 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1931–2014.<a href="#cite_note-250">[241]</a> In many ways these two artists set the template for subsequent Cypriot art and both their artistic styles and the patterns of their education remain influential to this day. In particular the majority of Cypriot artists still train in England<a href="#cite_note-251">[242]</a> while others train at art schools in Greece and local art institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_College_of_Art" title="Cyprus College of Art">Cyprus College of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nicosia" title="University of Nicosia">University of Nicosia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Institute of Technology">Frederick Institute of Technology</a>. One of the features of Cypriot art is a tendency towards figurative painting although <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual art</a> is being rigorously promoted by a number of art "institutions" and most notably the Nicosia Municipal Art Centre. Municipal art galleries exist in all the main towns and there is a large and lively commercial art scene. Other notable Greek Cypriot artists include Helene Black, <a href="/wiki/Kalopedis_family" title="Kalopedis family">Kalopedis family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panayiotis_Kalorkoti" title="Panayiotis Kalorkoti">Panayiotis Kalorkoti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicos_Nicolaides" title="Nicos Nicolaides">Nicos Nicolaides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stass_Paraskos" title="Stass Paraskos">Stass Paraskos</a>, Arestís Stasí, <a href="/wiki/Telemachos_Kanthos" title="Telemachos Kanthos">Telemachos Kanthos</a>, Konstantia Sofokleous and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Achilleos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Achilleos">Chris Achilleos</a>, and Turkish Cypriot artists include <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_G%C3%BCney" title="İsmet Güney">İsmet Güney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruzen_Atakan" title="Ruzen Atakan">Ruzen Atakan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutlu_%C3%87erkez" title="Mutlu Çerkez">Mutlu Çerkez</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Music of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laghouto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Laghouto.jpg/170px-Laghouto.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Laghouto.jpg/255px-Laghouto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Laghouto.jpg/340px-Laghouto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Laouto" title="Laouto">Laouto</a>, dominant instrument of the Cypriot traditional music</figcaption></figure> The traditional <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> of Cyprus has several common elements with <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Music">Arabic Music</a>, all of which have descended from Byzantine music, including Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot dances such as the tillirkotissa, as well as the Middle Eastern-inspired <a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">tsifteteli</a> and arapies. There is also a form of musical poetry known as chattista which is often performed at traditional feasts and celebrations. The instruments commonly associated with Cyprus folk music are the violin ("fkiolin"), <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a> ("laouto"), Cyprus flute (<a href="/wiki/Fipple_flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Fipple flute">pithkiavlin</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">oud</a> ("outi"), <a href="/wiki/Kanonaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanonaki">kanonaki</a> and percussions (including the "<a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">tamboutsia</a>"). Composers associated with traditional Cypriot music include <a href="/wiki/Solon_Michaelides" title="Solon Michaelides">Solon Michaelides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marios_Tokas" title="Marios Tokas">Marios Tokas</a>, Evagoras Karageorgis and Savvas Salides. Among musicians is also the acclaimed pianist <a href="/wiki/Cyprien_Katsaris" title="Cyprien Katsaris">Cyprien Katsaris</a>, composer <a href="/wiki/Andreas_G._Orphanides" title="Andreas G. Orphanides">Andreas G. Orphanides</a>, and composer and artistic director of the European Capital of Culture initiative <a href="/wiki/Marios_Joannou_Elia" title="Marios Joannou Elia">Marios Joannou Elia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">Popular music</a> in Cyprus is generally influenced by the Greek <a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFka" class="mw-redirect" title="Laïka">Laïka</a> scene; artists who play in this genre include international <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Music recording sales certification">platinum</a> star <a href="/wiki/Anna_Vissi" title="Anna Vissi">Anna Vissi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-252">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Evridiki" title="Evridiki">Evridiki</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarbel" title="Sarbel">Sarbel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a> have been supported by the emergence of Cypriot rap and the <a href="/wiki/Urban_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban music">urban music</a> scene at <a href="/wiki/Ayia_Napa" title="Ayia Napa">Ayia Napa</a>, while in the last years the <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> scene is growing, especially through the participation of many Cypriot artists at the annual <a href="/wiki/Reggae_Sunjam" title="Reggae Sunjam">Reggae Sunjam</a> festival. Is also noted Cypriot rock music and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ntekhno" title="Éntekhno">Éntekhno</a> rock is often associated with artists such as <a href="/wiki/Michalis_Hatzigiannis" title="Michalis Hatzigiannis">Michalis Hatzigiannis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alkinoos_Ioannidis" title="Alkinoos Ioannidis">Alkinoos Ioannidis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Metal</a> also has a small following in Cyprus represented by bands such as Armageddon (rev.16:16), Blynd, <a href="/wiki/Winter%27s_Verge" title="Winter's Verge">Winter's Verge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methysos" title="Methysos">Methysos</a> and Quadraphonic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_literature" title="Cypriot literature">Cypriot literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_(Napoli,_1969)_-_BEIC_6353768.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_%28Napoli%2C_1969%29_-_BEIC_6353768.jpg/170px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_%28Napoli%2C_1969%29_-_BEIC_6353768.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_%28Napoli%2C_1969%29_-_BEIC_6353768.jpg/255px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_%28Napoli%2C_1969%29_-_BEIC_6353768.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_%28Napoli%2C_1969%29_-_BEIC_6353768.jpg/340px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_%28Napoli%2C_1969%29_-_BEIC_6353768.jpg 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium" title="Zeno of Citium">Zeno of Citium</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoic</a> school of philosophy</figcaption></figure> Literary production of the antiquity includes the <a href="/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria">Cypria</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poem</a>, probably composed in the late 7th century BC and attributed to <a href="/wiki/Stasinus" title="Stasinus">Stasinus</a>. The Cypria is one of the first specimens of Greek and European poetry.<a href="#cite_note-256">[247]</a> The Cypriot <a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium" title="Zeno of Citium">Zeno of Citium</a> was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy. Epic poetry, notably the "acritic songs", flourished during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. Two chronicles, one written by <a href="/wiki/Leontios_Machairas" title="Leontios Machairas">Leontios Machairas</a> and the other by <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Boustronios" title="Georgios Boustronios">Georgios Boustronios</a>, cover the entire Middle Ages until the end of Frankish rule (4th century–1489). Poèmes d'amour written in medieval Greek Cypriot date back from the 16th century. Some of them are actual translations of poems written by <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bembo" title="Bembo">Bembo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariosto" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariosto">Ariosto</a> and G. <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Sannazaro" title="Jacopo Sannazaro">Sannazzaro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[248]</a> Many Cypriot scholars fled Cyprus at troubled times, such as <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kigalas" title="Ioannis Kigalas">Ioannis Kigalas</a> (c. 1622–1687) who migrated from Cyprus to Italy in the 17th century, several of his works have survived in books of other scholars.<a href="#cite_note-258">[249]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannis_Kigalas_(1622-1687)_Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ioannis_Kigalas_%281622-1687%29_Cyprus.jpg/170px-Ioannis_Kigalas_%281622-1687%29_Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ioannis_Kigalas_%281622-1687%29_Cyprus.jpg/255px-Ioannis_Kigalas_%281622-1687%29_Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ioannis_Kigalas_%281622-1687%29_Cyprus.jpg/340px-Ioannis_Kigalas_%281622-1687%29_Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="1274" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kigalas" title="Ioannis Kigalas">Ioannis Kigalas</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1622–1687) was a <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> born <a href="/wiki/Greek_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek people">Greek</a> Cypriot scholar and professor of philosophy who was largely active in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-259">[250]</a></figcaption></figure> Hasan Hilmi Efendi, a Turkish Cypriot poet, was rewarded by the Ottoman sultan <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a> and said to be the "sultan of the poems".<a href="#cite_note-260">[251]</a> Modern Greek Cypriot literary figures include the poet and writer <a href="/wiki/Costas_Montis" title="Costas Montis">Costas Montis</a>, poet <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Charalambides" title="Kyriakos Charalambides">Kyriakos Charalambides</a>, poet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michalis_Pasiardis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michalis Pasiardis (page does not exist)">Michalis Pasiardis</a>, writer <a href="/wiki/Nicos_Nicolaides" title="Nicos Nicolaides">Nicos Nicolaides</a>, Stylianos Atteshlis, <a href="/wiki/Altheides" title="Altheides">Altheides</a>, Loukis Akritas<a href="#cite_note-261">[252]</a> and Demetris Th. Gotsis. <a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Lipertis" title="Dimitris Lipertis">Dimitris Lipertis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasilis_Michaelides" title="Vasilis Michaelides">Vasilis Michaelides</a> and Pavlos Liasides are folk poets who wrote poems mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot-Greek</a> dialect.<a href="#cite_note-262">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[254]</a> Among leading Turkish Cypriot writers are <a href="/wiki/Osman_T%C3%BCrkay" title="Osman Türkay">Osman Türkay</a>, twice nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>,<a href="#cite_note-264">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zker_Ya%C5%9F%C4%B1n" title="Özker Yaşın">Özker Yaşın</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neriman_Cahit" title="Neriman Cahit">Neriman Cahit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urkiye_Mine_Balman" title="Urkiye Mine Balman">Urkiye Mine Balman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ya%C5%9F%C4%B1n" title="Mehmet Yaşın">Mehmet Yaşın</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ne%C5%9Fe_Ya%C5%9F%C4%B1n" title="Neşe Yaşın">Neşe Yaşın</a>. There is an increasingly strong presence of both temporary and permanent emigre Cypriot writers in world literature, as well as writings by second and third-generation Cypriot writers born or raised abroad, often writing in English. This includes writers such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Paraskos" title="Michael Paraskos">Michael Paraskos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Stephanides" title="Stephanos Stephanides">Stephanos Stephanides</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[256]</a> Examples of Cyprus in foreign literature include the works of Shakespeare, with most of the play <a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> set on the island of Cyprus. British writer <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Durrell" title="Lawrence Durrell">Lawrence Durrell</a> lived in Cyprus from 1952 until 1956, during his time working for the British colonial government on the island, and wrote the book <a href="/wiki/Bitter_Lemons" title="Bitter Lemons">Bitter Lemons</a> about his time in Cyprus which won the second <a href="/wiki/Duff_Cooper_Prize" title="Duff Cooper Prize">Duff Cooper Prize</a> in 1957. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_media">Mass media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Cyprus">Media of Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Cyprus" title="Television in Cyprus">Television in Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Cyprus">Radio in Cyprus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cinema of Cyprus</a></div> In the 2015 Freedom of the Press report of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus were ranked "free". The Republic of Cyprus scored 25/100 in <a href="/wiki/Press_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Press freedom">press freedom</a>, 5/30 in Legal Environment, 11/40 in Political Environment, and 9/30 in Economic Environment (the lower scores the better).<a href="#cite_note-266">[257]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> rank the Republic of Cyprus 24th out of 180 countries in the 2015 World Press Freedom Index, with a score of 15.62.<a href="#cite_note-267">[258]</a> The law provides for <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">press</a>, and the government generally respects these rights in practice. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combine to ensure freedom of speech and of the press. The law prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government generally respects these prohibitions in practice.<a href="#cite_note-268">[259]</a> Local television companies in Cyprus include the state owned <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation</a> which runs two television channels. In addition on the Greek side of the island there are the private channels ANT1 Cyprus, Plus TV, Mega Channel, Sigma TV, Nimonia TV (NTV) and New Extra. In Northern Cyprus, the local channels are <a href="/wiki/Bayrak" title="Bayrak">BRT</a>, the Turkish Cypriot equivalent to the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation, and a number of private channels. The majority of local arts and cultural programming is produced by the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation and BRT, with local arts documentaries, review programmes and filmed drama series. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cinema of Cyprus</a></div> The most worldwide known Cypriot director, to have worked abroad, is <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cacoyannis" title="Michael Cacoyannis">Michael Cacoyannis</a>. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, George Filis produced and directed Gregoris Afxentiou, Etsi Prodothike i Kypros, and The Mega Document. In 1994, Cypriot film production received a boost with the establishment of the Cinema Advisory Committee. In 2000, the annual amount set aside for filmmaking in the national budget was <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_pound" title="Cypriot pound">CYP£</a>500,000 (about €850,000). In addition to government grants, Cypriot co-productions are eligible for funding from the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eurimages" title="Eurimages">Eurimages</a> Fund, which finances European film co-productions. To date, four feature films on which a Cypriot was an executive producer have received funding from Eurimages. The first was I Sphagi tou Kokora (1996), followed by Hellados (unreleased), To Tama (1999), and O Dromos gia tin Ithaki (2000).<a href="#cite_note-269">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vin_et_gastronomie_chypriotes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vin_et_gastronomie_chypriotes.jpg/220px-Vin_et_gastronomie_chypriotes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vin_et_gastronomie_chypriotes.jpg/330px-Vin_et_gastronomie_chypriotes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vin_et_gastronomie_chypriotes.jpg/440px-Vin_et_gastronomie_chypriotes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Cypriot <a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">meze</a></figcaption></figure> During the medieval period, under the French Lusignan monarchs of Cyprus an elaborate form of courtly cuisine developed, fusing French, Byzantine and Middle Eastern forms. The Lusignan kings were known for importing Syrian cooks to Cyprus, and it has been suggested that one of the key routes for the importation of Middle Eastern recipes into France and other Western European countries, such as blancmange, was via the Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus. These recipes became known in the West as vyands de Chypre, or foods of Cyprus, and the food historian William Woys Weaver has identified over one hundred of them in English, French, Italian and German recipe books of the Middle Ages. One that became particularly popular across Europe in the medieval and early modern periods was a stew made with chicken or fish called malmonia, which in English became mawmeny.<a href="#cite_note-270">[261]</a> Another example of a Cypriot food ingredient entering the Western European canon is the cauliflower, still popular and used in a variety of ways on the island today, which was associated with Cyprus from the early Middle Ages. Writing in the 12th and 13th centuries the Arab botanists <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-%27Awwam" title="Ibn al-'Awwam">Ibn al-'Awwam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Baitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Baitar">Ibn al-Baitar</a> claimed the vegetable had its origins in Cyprus,<a href="#cite_note-271">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[263]</a> and this association with the island was echoed in Western Europe, where cauliflowers were originally known as Cyprus cabbage or Cyprus colewart. There was also a long and extensive trade in cauliflower seeds from Cyprus, until well into the sixteenth century.<a href="#cite_note-273">[264]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halloumislice_zoom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Halloumislice_zoom.jpg/170px-Halloumislice_zoom.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Halloumislice_zoom.jpg/255px-Halloumislice_zoom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Halloumislice_zoom.jpg/340px-Halloumislice_zoom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Cypriot <a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Halloumi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cafes_in_a_stoa_small_path_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cafes_in_a_stoa_small_path_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG/170px-Cafes_in_a_stoa_small_path_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cafes_in_a_stoa_small_path_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG/255px-Cafes_in_a_stoa_small_path_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cafes_in_a_stoa_small_path_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG/340px-Cafes_in_a_stoa_small_path_in_Nicosia_Republic_of_Cyprus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Cypriot style café in an arcade in <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></figcaption></figure> Although much of the Lusignan food culture was lost after the fall of Cyprus to the Ottomans in 1571, a number of dishes that would have been familiar to the Lusignans survive today, including various forms of tahini and houmous, zalatina, skordalia and pickled wild song birds called ambelopoulia. <a href="/wiki/Ambelopoulia" title="Ambelopoulia">Ambelopoulia</a>, which is today highly controversial, and illegal, was exported in vast quantities from Cyprus during the Lusignan and Venetian periods, particularly to Italy and France. In 1533 the English traveller to Cyprus, John Locke, claimed to have seen the pickled wild birds packed into large jars, of which 1200 jars were exported from Cyprus annually.<a href="#cite_note-274">[265]</a> Also familiar to the Lusignans would have been <a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Halloumi</a> cheese, which some food writers today claim originated in Cyprus during the Byzantine period<a href="#cite_note-275">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[268]</a> although the name of the cheese itself is thought by academics to be of Arabic origin.<a href="#cite_note-Papademas_117-278">[269]</a> There is no surviving written documentary evidence of the cheese being associated with Cyprus before the year 1554, when the Italian historian <a href="/wiki/Florio_Bustron" title="Florio Bustron">Florio Bustron</a> wrote of a sheep-milk cheese from Cyprus he called calumi.<a href="#cite_note-Papademas_117-278">[269]</a> Halloumi (Hellim) is commonly served sliced, grilled, fried and sometimes fresh, as an appetiser or <a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">meze</a> dish. Seafood and fish dishes include squid, octopus, <a href="/wiki/Red_mullet" title="Red mullet">red mullet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/European_seabass" title="European seabass">sea bass</a>. Cucumber and tomato are used widely in salads. Common vegetable preparations include potatoes in olive oil and parsley, pickled cauliflower and beets, asparagus and <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a>. Other traditional delicacies are meat marinated in dried coriander seeds and wine, and eventually dried and smoked, such as lountza (smoked <a href="/wiki/Pork_loin" title="Pork loin">pork loin</a>), charcoal-grilled lamb, <a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">souvlaki</a> (pork and chicken cooked over charcoal), and <a href="/wiki/Sheftalia" title="Sheftalia">sheftalia</a> (minced meat wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Mesentery" title="Mesentery">mesentery</a>). Pourgouri (<a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">bulgur</a>, cracked wheat) is the traditional source of carbohydrate other than bread, and is used to make the delicacy <a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">koubes</a>. Fresh vegetables and fruits are common ingredients. Frequently used vegetables include courgettes, green peppers, <a href="/wiki/Okra" title="Okra">okra</a>, green beans, artichokes, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and grape leaves, and pulses such as beans, broad beans, peas, black-eyed beans, chick-peas and lentils. The most common fruits and nuts are pears, apples, grapes, oranges, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_orange" title="Mandarin orange">mandarines</a>, nectarines, <a href="/wiki/Medlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Medlar">medlar</a>, blackberries, cherry, strawberries, figs, watermelon, melon, avocado, lemon, pistachio, almond, chestnut, walnut, and hazelnut. Cyprus is also well known for its desserts, including lokum (also known as <a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Turkish delight</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Soutzoukos" class="mw-redirect" title="Soutzoukos">Soutzoukos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[270]</a> This island has <a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indications_in_the_European_Union#General_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indications in the European Union">protected geographical indication (PGI)</a> for its lokum produced in the village of <a href="/wiki/Geroskipou" title="Geroskipou">Geroskipou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spyros_Kyprianou_Athletic_Center_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Spyros_Kyprianou_Athletic_Center_11.JPG/220px-Spyros_Kyprianou_Athletic_Center_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Spyros_Kyprianou_Athletic_Center_11.JPG/330px-Spyros_Kyprianou_Athletic_Center_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Spyros_Kyprianou_Athletic_Center_11.JPG/440px-Spyros_Kyprianou_Athletic_Center_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="1629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spyros_Kyprianou_Athletic_Center" title="Spyros Kyprianou Athletic Center">Spyros Kyprianou Athletic Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a></figcaption></figure> Sport governing bodies include the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Football_Association" title="Cyprus Football Association">Cyprus Football Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Basketball_Federation" title="Cyprus Basketball Federation">Cyprus Basketball Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Volleyball_Federation" title="Cyprus Volleyball Federation">Cyprus Volleyball Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Automobile_Association" title="Cyprus Automobile Association">Cyprus Automobile Association</a>, Cyprus Badminton Federation,<a href="#cite_note-282">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Cricket_Association" title="Cyprus Cricket Association">Cyprus Cricket Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Rugby_Federation" title="Cyprus Rugby Federation">Cyprus Rugby Federation</a> and the Cyprus Pool Association. Notable sports teams in the Cyprus leagues include <a href="/wiki/APOEL_FC" title="APOEL FC">APOEL FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anorthosis_Famagusta_FC" title="Anorthosis Famagusta FC">Anorthosis Famagusta FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/AC_Omonia" title="AC Omonia">AC Omonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/AEL_Lemesos" class="mw-redirect" title="AEL Lemesos">AEL Limassol FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollon_Limassol_FC" title="Apollon Limassol FC">Apollon Limassol FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nea_Salamis_Famagusta_FC" title="Nea Salamis Famagusta FC">Nea Salamis Famagusta FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympiakos_Nicosia" title="Olympiakos Nicosia">Olympiakos Nicosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/AEK_Larnaca_FC" title="AEK Larnaca FC">AEK Larnaca FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aris_Limassol_FC" title="Aris Limassol FC">Aris Limassol FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/AEL_Limassol_B.C." title="AEL Limassol B.C.">AEL Limassol B.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keravnos_B.C." title="Keravnos B.C.">Keravnos B.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollon_Limassol_B.C." title="Apollon Limassol B.C.">Apollon Limassol B.C.</a> Stadiums or sports venues include the <a href="/wiki/GSP_Stadium" title="GSP Stadium">GSP Stadium</a> (the largest in the Republic of Cyprus-controlled areas), <a href="/wiki/Tsirion_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsirion Stadium">Tsirion Stadium</a> (second largest), <a href="/wiki/Neo_GSZ_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo GSZ Stadium">Neo GSZ Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonis_Papadopoulos_Stadium" title="Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium">Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammochostos_Stadium" title="Ammochostos Stadium">Ammochostos Stadium</a>. <a href="/wiki/Makario_Stadium" title="Makario Stadium">Makario Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alphamega_Stadium" title="Alphamega Stadium">Alphamega Stadium</a>. In the 2008–09 season, <a href="/wiki/Anorthosis_Famagusta_FC" title="Anorthosis Famagusta FC">Anorthosis Famagusta FC</a> was the first Cypriot team to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> Group stage. Next season, <a href="/wiki/APOEL_FC" title="APOEL FC">APOEL FC</a> qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage, and reached the last 8 of the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_UEFA_Champions_League" title="2011–12 UEFA Champions League">2011–12 UEFA Champions League</a> after finishing top of its group and beating French <a href="/wiki/Olympique_Lyonnais" title="Olympique Lyonnais">Olympique Lyonnais</a> in the Round of 16. The <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_national_rugby_union_team" title="Cyprus national rugby union team">Cyprus national rugby union team</a> known as The Moufflons currently holds the record for most consecutive international wins, which is especially notable as the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Rugby_Federation" title="Cyprus Rugby Federation">Cyprus Rugby Federation</a> was only formed in 2006. Footballer <a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Kaiafas" title="Sotiris Kaiafas">Sotiris Kaiafas</a> won the <a href="/wiki/European_Golden_Shoe" title="European Golden Shoe">European Golden Shoe</a> in the 1975–76 season; Cyprus is the smallest country by population to have one of its players win the award. Tennis player <a href="/wiki/Marcos_Baghdatis" title="Marcos Baghdatis">Marcos Baghdatis</a> was ranked 8th in the world, was a finalist at the Australian Open, and reached the <a href="/wiki/The_Championships,_Wimbledon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Championships, Wimbledon">Wimbledon</a> semi-final, all in 2006. High jumper <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Ioannou" title="Kyriakos Ioannou">Kyriakos Ioannou</a> achieved a jump of 2.35m at the 11th <a href="/wiki/IAAF_World_Championships_in_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="IAAF World Championships in Athletics">IAAF World Championships in Athletics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan, in 2007, winning the bronze medal. He has been ranked third in the world. In motorsports, <a href="/wiki/Tio_Ellinas" title="Tio Ellinas">Tio Ellinas</a> is a successful race car driver, currently racing in the <a href="/wiki/GP3_Series" title="GP3 Series">GP3 Series</a> for Marussia <a href="/wiki/Manor_Motorsport" title="Manor Motorsport">Manor Motorsport</a>. There is also mixed martial artist <a href="/wiki/Costas_Philippou" title="Costas Philippou">Costas Philippou</a>, who competed in <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Fighting_Championship" title="Ultimate Fighting Championship">UFC</a>'s middleweight division from 2011 until 2015. Costas holds a 6–4 record in UFC bouts. Also notable for a Mediterranean island, the siblings <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Papamichalopoulos" title="Christopher Papamichalopoulos">Christopher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Papamichalopoulou" title="Sophia Papamichalopoulou">Sophia Papamichalopoulou</a> qualified for the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They were the only athletes who managed to qualify and thus represented <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics" title="Cyprus at the 2010 Winter Olympics">Cyprus at the 2010 Winter Olympics</a>. The country's first ever Olympic medal, a silver medal, was won by the sailor <a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Kontides" title="Pavlos Kontides">Pavlos Kontides</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Laser_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Laser class">Men's Laser class</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_regions_of_Anatolia" title="Ancient regions of Anatolia">Ancient regions of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cyprus-related_articles" title="Index of Cyprus-related articles">Index of Cyprus-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cyprus" title="Outline of Cyprus">Outline of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cypriots" title="List of Cypriots">List of notable Cypriots</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> Informational notes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The Greek national anthem was adopted in 1966 by a decision of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers" title="Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> The vice presidency is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot. However the post has been vacant since the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-4">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-island-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-island_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-island_6-1">b</a> Including Northern Cyprus, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">UN buffer zone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Government-controlled areas of the Republic of Cyprus. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a> domain is also used, shared with other <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> member states. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Κύπρος, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: Kýpros <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ˈcipros]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: Kıbrıs <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[ˈkɯbɾɯs]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, romanized: Kypriakí Dimokratía, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[cipriaˈci ðimokraˈti.a]</a>, lit: Cypriot Republic; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[ˈkɯbɾɯs ˈdʒumhuɾijeti]</a>, lit: Republic of Cyprus </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> See:<a href="#cite_note-112">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[109]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> See:<a href="#cite_note-128">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[124]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> Citations <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813155316/http://www.presidency.gov.cy/presidency/presidency.nsf/prc34_en/prc34_en?OpenDocument">"National Anthem"</a>. presidency.gov.cy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.gov.cy/presidency/presidency.nsf/prc34_en/prc34_en?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=presidency.gov.cy&rft.atitle=National+Anthem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.gov.cy%2Fpresidency%2Fpresidency.nsf%2Fprc34_en%2Fprc34_en%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/cyprus/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020">"Cyprus"</a>. Global Religious Future. Pew Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717053131/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/cyprus/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Religious+Future&rft.atitle=Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalreligiousfutures.org%2Fcountries%2Fcyprus%2Freligious_demography%23%2F%3Faffiliations_religion_id%3D0%26affiliations_year%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus">"Cyprus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a> (2024 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Retrieved 9 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Cyprus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fcyprus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2010.zip">(Archived 2010 edition.)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/PressRelease?id=66208">"Census of Population and Housing 2021, Preliminary Results by District, Municipality/Community"</a>. Nicosia: Statistical Service of Cyprus. 4 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524094953/https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/PressRelease?id=66208">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing+2021%2C+Preliminary+Results+by+District%2C+Municipality%2FCommunity&rft.place=Nicosia&rft.pub=Statistical+Service+of+Cyprus&rft.date=2023-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cystat.gov.cy%2Fen%2FPressRelease%3Fid%3D66208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150507213545/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ASCII-Data/DISK_NAVIGATION_ASCII.htm">"World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, DB02: Stock Indicators"</a>. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Population Division">Population Division</a>. New York. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ASCII-Data/DISK_NAVIGATION_ASCII.htm">the original</a> on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations%2C+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2012+Revision%2C+DB02%3A+Stock+Indicators&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FASCII-Data%2FDISK_NAVIGATION_ASCII.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF_2024-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2024_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2024_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2024_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2024_10-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=423,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024"</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2024&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2024-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D423%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2023%26ey%3D2025%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"</a>. Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. 28 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091832/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalised+disposable+income+%E2%80%93+EU-SILC+survey&rft.place=Luxembourg&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft.date=2023-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftessi190%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F2024&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPariona2017" class="citation news cs1">Pariona, Amber (4 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-islands-in-the-mediterranean-sea.html">"Biggest Islands In The Mediterranean Sea By Area"</a>. WorldAtlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180512043924/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-islands-in-the-mediterranean-sea.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WorldAtlas&rft.atitle=Biggest+Islands+In+The+Mediterranean+Sea+By+Area&rft.date=2017-08-04&rft.aulast=Pariona&rft.aufirst=Amber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fbiggest-islands-in-the-mediterranean-sea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNag2017" class="citation news cs1">Nag, Oishimaya Sen (15 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-most-populated-islands-in-the-mediterranean-sea.html">"The Most Populated Islands In The Mediterranean Sea"</a>. WorldAtlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180512043814/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-most-populated-islands-in-the-mediterranean-sea.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WorldAtlas&rft.atitle=The+Most+Populated+Islands+In+The+Mediterranean+Sea&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Oishimaya+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-most-populated-islands-in-the-mediterranean-sea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lausanne-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lausanne_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lausanne_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lausanne_18-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne">"Treaty of Lausanne"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130112221242/http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Lausanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwi.lib.byu.edu%2Findex.php%2FTreaty_of_Lausanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaustmannKer-Lindsay2008" class="citation book cs1">Faustmann, Hubert; Ker-Lindsay, James (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AzIXtVdDDwgC&pg=PA48">The Government and Politics of Cyprus</a>. Peter Lang. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-096-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-096-4"><bdi>978-3-03911-096-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517121228/https://books.google.com/books?id=AzIXtVdDDwgC&pg=PA48#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Government+and+Politics+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-03911-096-4&rft.aulast=Faustmann&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft.au=Ker-Lindsay%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAzIXtVdDDwgC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri2009" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Farid (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f82Jn_H4VukC&pg=PA25">Historical Dictionary of Cyprus</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810862982" title="Special:BookSources/9780810862982"><bdi>9780810862982</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517123640/https://books.google.com/books?id=f82Jn_H4VukC&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780810862982&rft.aulast=Mirbagheri&rft.aufirst=Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df82Jn_H4VukC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrimikliniotis2012" class="citation book cs1">Trimikliniotis, Nicos (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zS_HAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104">Beyond a Divided Cyprus: A State and Society in Transformation</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-10080-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-10080-1"><bdi>978-1-137-10080-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517121219/https://books.google.com/books?id=zS_HAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+a+Divided+Cyprus%3A+A+State+and+Society+in+Transformation&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-137-10080-1&rft.aulast=Trimikliniotis&rft.aufirst=Nicos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzS_HAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-independence-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-independence_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-independence_22-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.cy/parliamenteng/index.htm">Cyprus date of independence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613002758/http://www.parliament.cy/parliamenteng/index.htm">Archived</a> 13 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (click on Historical review) </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffmeister_2006-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmeister_2006_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmeister_2006_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmeister_2006_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmeister_2006_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmeister_2006_23-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmeister_2006_23-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmeister_2006_23-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmeister,_Frank2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmeister, Frank (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZXbg3ZwvGoC">Legal aspects of the Cyprus problem: Annan Plan and EU accession</a>. EMartinus Nijhoff Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15223-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15223-6"><bdi>978-90-04-15223-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517123627/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZXbg3ZwvGoC">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+aspects+of+the+Cyprus+problem%3A+Annan+Plan+and+EU+accession&rft.pub=EMartinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15223-6&rft.au=Hoffmeister%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZXbg3ZwvGoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Intercommunal_Violence-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Intercommunal_Violence_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intercommunal_Violence_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/13.htm">"U.S. Library of Congress – Country Studies – Cyprus – Intercommunal Violence"</a>. Countrystudies.us. 21 December 1963. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623135118/http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/13.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Library+of+Congress+%E2%80%93+Country+Studies+%E2%80%93+Cyprus+%E2%80%93+Intercommunal+Violence&rft.pub=Countrystudies.us&rft.date=1963-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fcyprus%2F13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson2005" class="citation book cs1">Mallinson, William (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA81">Cyprus: A Modern History</a>. I. B. Tauris. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8"><bdi>978-1-85043-580-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517121124/https://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA81">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-580-8&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHEjkuhF2GsMC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2297653.stm">"website"</a>. BBC News. 4 October 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040726144124/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2297653.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2004. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=website&rft.date=2002-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2297653.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoff-27"><a href="#cite_ref-hoff_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmeister,_Frank2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmeister, Frank (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZXbg3ZwvGoC">Legal aspects of the Cyprus problem: Annan Plan and EU accession</a>. EMartinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 34–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15223-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15223-6"><bdi>978-90-04-15223-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+aspects+of+the+Cyprus+problem%3A+Annan+Plan+and+EU+accession&rft.pages=34-5&rft.pub=EMartinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15223-6&rft.au=Hoffmeister%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZXbg3ZwvGoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyal_Benvenisti2012" class="citation book cs1">Eyal Benvenisti (23 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKgeX_sdQG0C&pg=PA191">The International Law of Occupation</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958889-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958889-3"><bdi>978-0-19-958889-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910212611/https://books.google.com/books?id=JKgeX_sdQG0C&pg=PA191">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Law+of+Occupation&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958889-3&rft.au=Eyal+Benvenisti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJKgeX_sdQG0C%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Barbara Rose Johnston, Susan Slyomovics. Waging War, Making Peace: Reparations and Human Rights (2009), American Anthropological Association Reparations Task Force, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jOU9_BQU9SYC&pg=PA211">p. 211</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412133508/https://books.google.com/books?id=jOU9_BQU9SYC&pg=PA211">Archived</a> 12 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Morelli, Vincent. Cyprus: Reunification Proving Elusive (2011), DIANE Publishing, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dyWwReoc81oC&pg=PA10">p. 10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413033218/https://books.google.com/books?id=dyWwReoc81oC&pg=PA10&">Archived</a> 13 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Borowiec, Andrew. Cyprus: A Troubled Island (2000), Greenwood Publishing Group, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hzEDg6-d80MC&pg=PA125">p. 125</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412142842/https://books.google.com/books?id=hzEDg6-d80MC&pg=PA125">Archived</a> 12 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesley_PenderRichard_Sharpley2005" class="citation book cs1">Lesley Pender; Richard Sharpley (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R9r90RAJM5cC&pg=PA273">The Management of Tourism</a>. SAGE. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-4022-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-4022-7"><bdi>978-0-7619-4022-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910231130/https://books.google.com/books?id=R9r90RAJM5cC&pg=PA273">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Management+of+Tourism&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-4022-7&rft.au=Lesley+Pender&rft.au=Richard+Sharpley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR9r90RAJM5cC%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Sharpley2012" class="citation book cs1">Richard Sharpley (16 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=id8Me6CogPYC&pg=PT296">Tourism Development and the Environment: Beyond Sustainability?</a>. Routledge. p. 296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-57330-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-57330-9"><bdi>978-1-136-57330-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918182700/https://books.google.com/books?id=id8Me6CogPYC&pg=PT296">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2015. 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Channel View Publications. p. 334. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873150-34-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873150-34-4"><bdi>978-1-873150-34-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918222742/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wvo1sIjZH3UC&pg=PA334">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+and+Development%3A+Concepts+and+Issues&rft.pages=334&rft.pub=Channel+View+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-873150-34-4&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+Richard&rft.au=Telfer%2C+David+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWvo1sIjZH3UC%26pg%3DPA334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160209210107/http://www.nam.gov.za/background/background.htm#4">"The Non-Aligned Movement: Background Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>. 21 September 2001. 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Retrieved 13 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Herald&rft.atitle=Cyprus+Wants+U.S.+Help+to+Join+NATO%2C+But+Turkey+Stands+in+the+Way&rft.date=2024-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalherald.com%2Fcyprus-wants-u-s-help-to-join-nato-but-turkey-stands-in-the-way%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrange1980" class="citation book cs1">Strange, John (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c9QUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA154">Caphtor : Keftiu : a new investigation</a>. Leiden: Brill. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06256-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06256-6"><bdi>978-90-04-06256-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911013629/https://books.google.com/books?id=c9QUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA154">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caphtor+%3A+Keftiu+%3A+a+new+investigation&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-90-04-06256-6&rft.aulast=Strange&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9QUAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeolexicon.com/">Palaeolexicon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203111627/http://palaeolexicon.com/">Archived</a> 3 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Word study tool of ancient languages </li> <li id="cite_note-Beekes_2009-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beekes_2009_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beekes_2009_40-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">R. S. P. Beekes</a>, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 805 (s.v. "Κύπρος"). </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Fisher, Fred H. Cyprus: Our New Colony And What We Know About It. London: George Routledge and Sons, 1878, pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsakalosEfstratiouBassiakosKazantzaki2021" class="citation journal cs1">Tsakalos, Evangelos; Efstratiou, Nikos; Bassiakos, Yannis; Kazantzaki, Maria; Filippaki, Eleni (1 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/716100">"Early Cypriot Prehistory: On the Traces of the Last Hunters and Gatherers on the Island—Preliminary Results of Luminescence Dating"</a>. 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The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 10 (3): 412–435. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15564894.2015.1060277">10.1080/15564894.2015.1060277</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1556-4894">1556-4894</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528133150/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15564894.2015.1060277">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Island+and+Coastal+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Neolithic+Voyages+to+Cyprus%3A+Wind+Patterns%2C+Routes%2C+and+Mechanisms&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=412-435&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15564894.2015.1060277&rft.issn=1556-4894&rft.aulast=Bar-Yosef+Mayer&rft.aufirst=Daniella+E.&rft.au=Kahanov%2C+Yaacov&rft.au=Roskin%2C+Joel&rft.au=Gildor%2C+Hezi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F15564894.2015.1060277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade2007" class="citation news cs1">Wade, Nicholas (29 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/health/29iht-29cat.6404420.html">"Study Traces Cat's Ancestry to Middle East"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509004708/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/health/29iht-29cat.6404420.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Study+Traces+Cat%27s+Ancestry+to+Middle+East&rft.date=2007-06-29&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F29%2Fhealth%2F29iht-29cat.6404420.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2004" class="citation news cs1">Walton, Marsha (9 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html">"Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071222092756/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ancient+burial+looks+like+human+and+pet+cat&rft.date=2004-04-09&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Marsha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2004%2FTECH%2Fscience%2F04%2F08%2Fcats.cyprus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Simmons, A. H. Faunal extinction in an island society: pygmy hippopotamus hunters of Cyprus. New York: Springer 1999, p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCwYwyEBXEAC&pg=PA15">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412181518/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCwYwyEBXEAC&pg=PA15">Archived</a> 12 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnappMeyer2023" class="citation journal cs1">Knapp, A. Bernard; Meyer, Nathan (1 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/724597">"Merchants and Mercantile Society on Late Bronze Age Cyprus"</a>. American Journal of Archaeology. 127 (3): 309–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F724597">10.1086/724597</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9114">0002-9114</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118180509/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/724597">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024. 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Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7449-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7449-1"><bdi>978-1-4008-7449-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517121631/https://books.google.com/books?id=_M1bCgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1177+B.C.%3A+The+Year+Civilization+Collapsed&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-7449-1&rft.au=Eric+H.+Cline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_M1bCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Thomas, Carol G. and Conant, Craig: The Trojan War, pp. 121–122. 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Santa Barbara, CA, US: Greenwood Publishing Group 2005. p. 64. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UzASgBf2W10C&pg=PA98">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151203171026/https://books.google.com/books?id=UzASgBf2W10C&pg=PA98">Archived</a> 3 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Stass Paraskos, The Mythology of Cyprus (London: Orage Press, 2016) p.1f </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadjisavvas2013" class="citation book cs1">Hadjisavvas, Sophocles (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111945/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~semitic/wl/publications/2012/hadjisavvas.html">The Phoenician Period Necropolis of Kition, Volume I</a>. 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Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-4855-6&rft.au=Michael+Spilling&rft.au=Jo-ann+Spilling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DldSQLD985i4C%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parpas-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parpas_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parpas_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParpas" class="citation web cs1">Parpas, Andreas P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/8861166">"Alexander the Great and the Kingdoms of Cyprus – a Reconsideration"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807195911/https://www.academia.edu/8861166">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great+and+the+Kingdoms+of+Cyprus+%E2%80%93+a+Reconsideration&rft.aulast=Parpas&rft.aufirst=Andreas+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F8861166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0530%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D6%3Asection%3D3">"Arrian, Anabasis, 3.6.3"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807201301/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0530:book%3D3:chapter%3D6:section%3D3">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arrian%2C+Anabasis%2C+3.6.3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A2008.01.0530%253Abook%253D3%253Achapter%253D6%253Asection%253D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keefe_1993-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keefe_1993_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keefe_1993_62-1">b</a> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeefeSolsten1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Keefe, Eugene K.; Solsten, Eric (1993). "Historical Setting". In Solsten, Eric (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/92036090/">Cyprus: A Country Study</a> (Fourth ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 10–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8444-0752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8444-0752-6"><bdi>0-8444-0752-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+Setting&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=10-12&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8444-0752-6&rft.aulast=Keefe&rft.aufirst=Eugene+K.&rft.au=Solsten%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F92036090%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Metcalf" title="Michael Metcalf">Metcalf, David Michael</a> (2009). Byzantine Cyprus, 491–1191. Cyprus Research Centre. pp. 32–33, 427–421.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Cyprus%2C+491%E2%80%931191&rft.pages=32-33%2C+427-421&rft.pub=Cyprus+Research+Centre&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=David+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Norwich, J. J. (1995) Byzantium: The Decline and Fall. London: Viking, p. 121 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Riddle, J.M. A History of the Middle Ages. Lanham, MD, US: Rowman & Littlefield 2008. p. 326. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rhWpPr93KjMC&pg=PA326">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915220219/https://books.google.com/books?id=rhWpPr93KjMC&pg=PA326">Archived</a> 15 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> See James G. Schryver, 'Colonialism or Conviviencia in Frankish Cyprus?' in I.W. Zartman (ed.), Understanding Life in the Borderlands: Boundaries in Depth and in Motio (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2010) pp. 133–159; see also Evangelia Skoufari "Cyprus during the 16th century: a Frankish kingdom, a Venetian colony, a multicultural society", in Joves pensant la Mediterrània – Mar de diàleg, no. 5 dir. Enric Olivé Serret, Tarragona, Publicacions de la Universitat Rovira y Virgili, Tarragona 2008, pp. 283–295. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Benjamin Arbel, David Jacoby, Intercultural Contacts in the Medieval Mediterranean, (London: Taylor and Francis, 1996) p. 45 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Solsten1991" class="citation web cs1">Eric Solsten, ed. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/7.htm">"Cyprus: A Country Study"</a>. Countrystudies.us. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117041546/http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/7.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Cyprus%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.date=1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fcyprus%2F7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson2005" class="citation book cs1">Mallinson, William (30 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA81">Cyprus: A Modern History</a>. I. B. Tauris. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8"><bdi>978-1-85043-580-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517121124/https://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA81">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2005-06-30&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-580-8&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHEjkuhF2GsMC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrhonlu2010" class="citation cs2">Orhonlu, Cengiz (2010), "The Ottoman Turks Settle in Cyprus", in Inalcık, Halil (ed.), The First International Congress of Cypriot Studies: Presentations of the Turkish Delegation, Institute for the Study of Turkish Culture, p. 99</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ottoman+Turks+Settle+in+Cyprus&rft.btitle=The+First+International+Congress+of+Cypriot+Studies%3A+Presentations+of+the+Turkish+Delegation&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+Turkish+Culture&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Orhonlu&rft.aufirst=Cengiz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings1993" class="citation cs2">Jennings, Ronald (1993), Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571–1640, New York University Press, p. 232, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4181-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4181-8"><bdi>978-0-8147-4181-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christians+and+Muslims+in+Ottoman+Cyprus+and+the+Mediterranean+World%2C+1571%E2%80%931640&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-4181-8&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mallinson, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/Embassies/Embassy_Madrid.nsf/all/6A33D29D666143A6C1257A36002ECA14/$file/ChipreUnaVisionHistorica.pdf?openelement">"Cyprus a Historical Overview (Chipre Una Visión Historica)"</a> (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus website (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017133438/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/Embassies/Embassy_Madrid.nsf/all/6A33D29D666143A6C1257A36002ECA14/$file/ChipreUnaVisionHistorica.pdf?openelement">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+Republic+of+Cyprus+website&rft.atitle=Cyprus+a+Historical+Overview+%28Chipre+Una+Visi%C3%B3n+Historica%29&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.cy%2Fmfa%2FEmbassies%2FEmbassy_Madrid.nsf%2Fall%2F6A33D29D666143A6C1257A36002ECA14%2F%24file%2FChipreUnaVisionHistorica.pdf%3Fopenelement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ottoman-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ottoman_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ottoman_73-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/7.htm">Cyprus – Ottoman Rule</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117041546/http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/7.htm">Archived</a> 17 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Library of Congress </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatay2007" class="citation cs2">Hatay, Mete (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prio.org/Global/upload/Cyprus/Publications/Is%20the%20Turkish%20Cypriot%20Population%20Shrinking.pdf">Is the Turkish Cypriot population shrinking?</a> (PDF), International Peace Research Institute, p. 19, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-7288-244-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-7288-244-9"><bdi>978-82-7288-244-9</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702022552/https://www.prio.org/Global/upload/Cyprus/Publications/Is%20the%20Turkish%20Cypriot%20Population%20Shrinking.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2015, retrieved 7 May 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+the+Turkish+Cypriot+population+shrinking%3F&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-82-7288-244-9&rft.aulast=Hatay&rft.aufirst=Mete&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prio.org%2FGlobal%2Fupload%2FCyprus%2FPublications%2FIs%2520the%2520Turkish%2520Cypriot%2520Population%2520Shrinking.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Osmanli Nufusu 1830–1914 by <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Karpat" title="Kemal Karpat">Kemal Karpat</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975-333-169-X" title="Special:BookSources/975-333-169-X">975-333-169-X</a> and Die Völker des Osmanischen by Ritter zur Helle von Samo. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jennings_1992-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jennings_1992_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jennings_1992_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Jennings1992" class="citation book cs1">Ronald Jennings (1 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dslYF9LopnMC&pg=PT596">Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571–1640</a>. NYU Press. pp. 596–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4318-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4318-8"><bdi>978-0-8147-4318-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412181717/https://books.google.com/books?id=dslYF9LopnMC&pg=PT596">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christians+and+Muslims+in+Ottoman+Cyprus+and+the+Mediterranean+World%2C+1571%E2%80%931640&rft.pages=596-&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-4318-8&rft.au=Ronald+Jennings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdslYF9LopnMC%26pg%3DPT596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaptain_A._R._Savile1878" class="citation book cs1">Captain A. R. Savile (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nxj9a-Stax4C&pg=PA130">Cyprus</a>. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 130. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911024127/https://books.google.com/books?id=nxj9a-Stax4C&pg=PA130">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1878&rft.au=Captain+A.+R.+Savile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnxj9a-Stax4C%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrysostomos_Pericleous2009" class="citation book cs1">Chrysostomos Pericleous (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PHQAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131">Cyprus Referendum: A Divided Island and the Challenge of the Annan Plan</a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-193-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-193-9"><bdi>978-0-85771-193-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911014545/https://books.google.com/books?id=PHQAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Referendum%3A+A+Divided+Island+and+the+Challenge+of+the+Annan+Plan&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-193-9&rft.au=Chrysostomos+Pericleous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPHQAAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri2010" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Farid (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f82Jn_H4VukC">Historical dictionary of Cyprus</a> ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. pp. xxvii, 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6298-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6298-2"><bdi>978-0-8108-6298-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Cyprus&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=xxvii%2C+124&rft.edition=%5BOnline-Ausg.%5D.&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6298-2&rft.aulast=Mirbagheri&rft.aufirst=Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df82Jn_H4VukC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_MallinsonBill_Mallinson2005" class="citation book cs1">William Mallinson; Bill Mallinson (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cyprusmodernhist00mall">Cyprus: a modern history</a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cyprusmodernhist00mall/page/n30">10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8"><bdi>978-1-85043-580-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+a+modern+history&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-580-8&rft.au=William+Mallinson&rft.au=Bill+Mallinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcyprusmodernhist00mall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaten,_Jörg2016" class="citation book cs1">Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-50718-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-50718-0"><bdi>978-1-107-50718-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Global+Economy.+From+1500+to+the+Present.&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-50718-0&rft.au=Baten%2C+J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stavridis-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stavridis_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stavridis_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stavridis_82-2">c</a> Stavridis, Stavros Terry (31 July 1993), Greek-Cypriot Enosis of October 1915: “A Lost Opportunity?”. <a href="/wiki/La_Trobe_University" title="La Trobe University">La Trobe University</a>. p. 289. Retrieved 5 August 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXypolia2011" class="citation journal cs1">Xypolia, Ilia (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6">"'Cypriot Muslims among Ottomans, Turks and British"</a>. Bogazici Journal. 25 (2): 109–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6">10.21773/boun.25.2.6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1300-9583">1300-9583</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bogazici+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Cypriot+Muslims+among+Ottomans%2C+Turks+and+British&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109-120&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6&rft.issn=1300-9583&rft.aulast=Xypolia&rft.aufirst=Ilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21773%252Fboun.25.2.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKer-Lindsay2011" class="citation book cs1">Ker-Lindsay, James (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xTL382g5sWwC">The Cyprus Problem: What Everyone Needs to Know</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 14–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975716-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975716-9"><bdi>978-0-19-975716-9</bdi></a>. <q>They hoped that the transfer of administration would pave the way for the island to be united with Greece—an aspiration known as 'enosis.' At the time, these calls for enosis were not just limited to Cyprus. Instead, Cyprus was part of a wider political movement ... This overarching political ambition was known as the Megali Idea (Great Idea).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyprus+Problem%3A+What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know&rft.pages=14-5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975716-9&rft.aulast=Ker-Lindsay&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxTL382g5sWwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLange2011" class="citation book cs1">Lange, Matthew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ac2NRpHoY3EC">Educations in Ethnic Violence: Identity, Educational Bubbles, and Resource Mobilization</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-50544-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-50544-4"><bdi>978-1-139-50544-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Educations+in+Ethnic+Violence%3A+Identity%2C+Educational+Bubbles%2C+and+Resource+Mobilization&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-139-50544-4&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAc2NRpHoY3EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diez_2002-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diez_2002_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diez_2002_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiez2002" class="citation book cs1">Diez, Thomas (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A4QTUWBEC2kC&pg=PA83">The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict: Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union</a>. Manchester University Press. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6079-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6079-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-6079-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Union+and+the+Cyprus+Conflict%3A+Modern+Conflict%2C+Postmodern+Union&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6079-3&rft.aulast=Diez&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA4QTUWBEC2kC%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuth2009" class="citation book cs1">Huth, Paul (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NIAc-R5fgQoC">Standing Your Ground: Territorial Disputes and International Conflict</a>. University of Michigan Press. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02204-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02204-5"><bdi>978-0-472-02204-5</bdi></a>. <q>From early 1950s onward Greece has favored union with Cyprus through a policy of enosis</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standing+Your+Ground%3A+Territorial+Disputes+and+International+Conflict&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-472-02204-5&rft.aulast=Huth&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNIAc-R5fgQoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadakisPeristianisWelz2006" class="citation book cs1">Papadakis, Yiannis; Peristianis, Nicos; Welz, Gisela (18 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wzPG7b_m4swC&pg=PA2">Divided Cyprus: Modernity, History, and an Island in Conflict</a>. Indiana University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-11191-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-11191-3"><bdi>978-0-253-11191-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divided+Cyprus%3A+Modernity%2C+History%2C+and+an+Island+in+Conflict&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006-07-18&rft.isbn=978-0-253-11191-3&rft.aulast=Papadakis&rft.aufirst=Yiannis&rft.au=Peristianis%2C+Nicos&rft.au=Welz%2C+Gisela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwzPG7b_m4swC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsachenko2012" class="citation book cs1">Isachenko, Daria (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQeVnXmjBzYC&pg=PA37">The Making of Informal States: Statebuilding in Northern Cyprus and Transdniestria</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-39207-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-39207-6"><bdi>978-0-230-39207-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Informal+States%3A+Statebuilding+in+Northern+Cyprus+and+Transdniestria&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-39207-6&rft.aulast=Isachenko&rft.aufirst=Daria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFQeVnXmjBzYC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPericleous2009" class="citation book cs1">Pericleous, Chrysostomos (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PHQAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">Cyprus Referendum: A Divided Island and the Challenge of the Annan Plan</a>. I.B. Tauris. pp. 135–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-193-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-193-9"><bdi>978-0-85771-193-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Referendum%3A+A+Divided+Island+and+the+Challenge+of+the+Annan+Plan&rft.pages=135-6&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-193-9&rft.aulast=Pericleous&rft.aufirst=Chrysostomos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPHQAAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri2009" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Farid (2009). Historical Dictionary of Cyprus. Scarecrow Press. p. xiv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6298-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6298-2"><bdi>978-0-8108-6298-2</bdi></a>. <q>Greek Cypriots engaged in a military campaign for enosis, union with Greece. Turkish Cypriots, in response, expressed their desire for taksim, partition of the island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=xiv&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6298-2&rft.aulast=Mirbagheri&rft.aufirst=Farid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehlul_(Behlul)_Ozkan_(Ozkan)2012" class="citation book cs1">Behlul (Behlul) Ozkan (Ozkan) (26 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kCArlsRcHUMC&pg=PA199">From the Abode of Islam to the Turkish Vatan: The Making of a National Homeland in Turkey</a>. Yale University Press. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18351-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18351-1"><bdi>978-0-300-18351-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915212612/https://books.google.com/books?id=kCArlsRcHUMC&pg=PA199">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>In line with the nationalist rhetoric that "Cyprus is Turkish", Menderes predicated his declaration upon the geographic proximity between Cyprus and Anatolia, thereby defining "Cyprus as an extension of Anatolia". It was striking that Menderes rejected partitioning the island into two ethnic states, a position that would define Turkey's foreign policy regarding Cyprus after 1957</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Abode+of+Islam+to+the+Turkish+Vatan%3A+The+Making+of+a+National+Homeland+in+Turkey&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012-06-26&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18351-1&rft.au=Behlul+%28Behlul%29+Ozkan+%28Ozkan%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkCArlsRcHUMC%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellingeri_2005-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingeri_2005_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingeri_2005_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._BellingeriT._Kappler2005" class="citation book cs1">G. Bellingeri; T. Kappler (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pUcSji-f1zYC&pg=PA27">Cipro oggi</a>. Casa editrice il Ponte. pp. 27–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-89465-07-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-89465-07-3"><bdi>978-88-89465-07-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911010743/https://books.google.com/books?id=pUcSji-f1zYC&pg=PA27">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>The educational and political mobilisation between 1948–1958, aiming at raising Turkish national consciousness, resulted in the involving Turkey as motherland in the Cyprus Question. From then on, Turkey, would work hand in hand with the Turkish Cypriot leadership and the British government to oppose the Greek Cypriot demand for Enosis and realise the partition of Cyprus, which meanwhile became the national policy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cipro+oggi&rft.pages=27-29&rft.pub=Casa+editrice+il+Ponte&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-88-89465-07-3&rft.au=G.+Bellingeri&rft.au=T.+Kappler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpUcSji-f1zYC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrob-Fitzgibbon2011" class="citation book cs1">Grob-Fitzgibbon, Benjamin (2011). Imperial Endgame: Britain's Dirty Wars and the End of Empire. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-30038-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-30038-5"><bdi>978-0-230-30038-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Endgame%3A+Britain%27s+Dirty+Wars+and+the+End+of+Empire&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-230-30038-5&rft.aulast=Grob-Fitzgibbon&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDale_C._Tatum2002" class="citation book cs1">Dale C. Tatum (1 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=70NxlYekQIgC&pg=PA43">Who Influenced Whom?: Lessons from the Cold War</a>. University Press of America. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-2444-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-2444-2"><bdi>978-0-7618-2444-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012220734/http://books.google.com/books?id=70NxlYekQIgC&pg=PA43">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Influenced+Whom%3F%3A+Lessons+from+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-2444-2&rft.au=Dale+C.+Tatum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D70NxlYekQIgC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKourvetaris,_George_A.1999" class="citation book cs1">Kourvetaris, George A. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bE5oAAAAMAAJ&q=90%25">Studies on modern Greek society and politics</a>. East European Monographs. p. 347. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-432-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-432-7"><bdi>978-0-88033-432-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517125913/https://books.google.com/books?id=bE5oAAAAMAAJ&q=90%25">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+on+modern+Greek+society+and+politics&rft.pages=347&rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-432-7&rft.au=Kourvetaris%2C+George+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbE5oAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D90%2525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar_V._Mavratsas" class="citation web cs1">Caesar V. Mavratsas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605233259/http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/www.cyprus-conflict.net/mavratsas.html">"Politics, Social Memory, and Identity in Greek Cyprus since 1974"</a>. cyprus-conflict.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/www.cyprus-conflict.net/mavratsas.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Politics%2C+Social+Memory%2C+and+Identity+in+Greek+Cyprus+since+1974&rft.pub=cyprus-conflict.net&rft.au=Caesar+V.+Mavratsas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprus-conflict.net%2Fwww.cyprus-conflict.net%2Fmavratsas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaustmannKer-Lindsay2008" class="citation book cs1">Faustmann, Hubert; Ker-Lindsay, James (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AzIXtVdDDwgC&pg=PA48">The Government and Politics of Cyprus</a>. Peter Lang. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-096-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-096-4"><bdi>978-3-03911-096-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517121228/https://books.google.com/books?id=AzIXtVdDDwgC&pg=PA48#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Government+and+Politics+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-03911-096-4&rft.aulast=Faustmann&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft.au=Ker-Lindsay%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAzIXtVdDDwgC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri2009" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Farid (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f82Jn_H4VukC&pg=PA25">Historical Dictionary of Cyprus</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810862982" title="Special:BookSources/9780810862982"><bdi>9780810862982</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517123640/https://books.google.com/books?id=f82Jn_H4VukC&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780810862982&rft.aulast=Mirbagheri&rft.aufirst=Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df82Jn_H4VukC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrimikliniotis2012" class="citation book cs1">Trimikliniotis, Nicos (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zS_HAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104">Beyond a Divided Cyprus: A State and Society in Transformation</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-10080-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-10080-1"><bdi>978-1-137-10080-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517121219/https://books.google.com/books?id=zS_HAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+a+Divided+Cyprus%3A+A+State+and+Society+in+Transformation&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-137-10080-1&rft.aulast=Trimikliniotis&rft.aufirst=Nicos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzS_HAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Solsten2-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Solsten2_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Solsten2_101-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/21.htm">Eric Solsten, ed. Cyprus: A Country Study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511100228/http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/21.htm">Archived</a> 11 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 1991. </li> <li id="cite_note-Solsten1-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Solsten1_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Solsten1_102-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/12.htm">Eric Solsten, ed. Cyprus: A Country Study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012050603/http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/12.htm">Archived</a> 12 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 1991. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Oberling, Pierre. The road to Bellapais (1982), Social Science Monographs, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIK6AAAAIAAJ&q=According+to+official+records%2C+364+Turkish+Cypriots+and+174+Greek+Cypriots+were+killed+during+the+1963-1964+crisis.">p. 120</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428082807/https://books.google.com/books?id=XIK6AAAAIAAJ&q=According+to+official+records,+364+Turkish+Cypriots+and+174+Greek+Cypriots+were+killed+during+the+1963-1964+crisis.">Archived</a> 28 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "According to official records, 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the 1963–1964 crisis." </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKer-Lindsay2011" class="citation book cs1">Ker-Lindsay, James (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xTL382g5sWwC">The Cyprus Problem: What Everyone Needs to Know</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 35–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975716-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975716-9"><bdi>978-0-19-975716-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517123104/https://books.google.com/books?id=xTL382g5sWwC">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyprus+Problem%3A+What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know&rft.pages=35-6&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975716-9&rft.aulast=Ker-Lindsay&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxTL382g5sWwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/10/newsid_3037000/3037898.stm">"1964: Guns fall silent in Cyprus"</a>. BBC News. 24 April 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217190225/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/10/newsid_3037000/3037898.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1964%3A+Guns+fall+silent+in+Cyprus&rft.date=2004-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Faugust%2F10%2Fnewsid_3037000%2F3037898.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob_M._Landau1979" class="citation book cs1">Jacob M. Landau (1979). Johnson's 1964 letter to Inonu and Greek lobbying of the White House. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johnson%27s+1964+letter+to+Inonu+and+Greek+lobbying+of+the+White+House&rft.pub=Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem%2C+Leonard+Davis+Institute+for+International+Relations&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Jacob+M.+Landau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri2014" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Farid (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Znp9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28">Cyprus and International Peacemaking 1964–1986</a>. Routledge. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-67752-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-67752-6"><bdi>978-1-136-67752-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517125857/https://books.google.com/books?id=Znp9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+and+International+Peacemaking+1964%E2%80%931986&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-136-67752-6&rft.aulast=Mirbagheri&rft.aufirst=Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZnp9AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadakis2003" class="citation journal cs1">Papadakis, Yiannis (2003). "Nation, narrative and commemoration: political ritual in divided Cyprus". History and Anthropology. 14 (3): 253–270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0275720032000136642">10.1080/0275720032000136642</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143231403">143231403</a>. <q>culminating in the 1974 coup aimed at the annexation of Cyprus to Greece</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+and+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Nation%2C+narrative+and+commemoration%3A+political+ritual+in+divided+Cyprus&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=253-270&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0275720032000136642&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143231403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Papadakis&rft.aufirst=Yiannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinBiddissTallett2011" class="citation book cs1">Atkin, Nicholas; Biddiss, Michael; Tallett, Frank (23 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1QyXCTW_MCQC">The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9072-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9072-8"><bdi>978-1-4443-9072-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517125914/https://books.google.com/books?id=1QyXCTW_MCQC">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wiley-Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Modern+European+History+Since+1789&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011-05-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9072-8&rft.aulast=Atkin&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Biddiss%2C+Michael&rft.au=Tallett%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1QyXCTW_MCQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Journal of international law and practice, Volume 5. Detroit College of Law at Michigan State University. 1996. p. 204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+international+law+and+practice%2C+Volume+5&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Detroit+College+of+Law+at+Michigan+State+University&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111221060408/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911440,00.html">"Cyprus: Big Troubles over a Small Island"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. 29 July 1974. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911440,00.html">the original</a> on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Cyprus%3A+Big+Troubles+over+a+Small+Island&rft.date=1974-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C911440%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonen2011" class="citation book cs1">Ronen, Yaël (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4OEHtL5xoroC">Transition from Illegal Regimes under International Law</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49617-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49617-9"><bdi>978-1-139-49617-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517125752/https://books.google.com/books?id=4OEHtL5xoroC">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020. <q>Tensions escalated again in July 1974, following a coup d'état by Greek Cypriots favouring a union of Cyprus with Greece. In response to the coup, Turkey invaded Cyprus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transition+from+Illegal+Regimes+under+International+Law&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49617-9&rft.aulast=Ronen&rft.aufirst=Ya%C3%ABl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4OEHtL5xoroC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryantPapadakis2012" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Rebecca; Papadakis, Yiannis (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y4WUhDjksUUC">Cyprus and the Politics of Memory: History, Community and Conflict</a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-107-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-107-7"><bdi>978-1-78076-107-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517125819/https://books.google.com/books?id=y4WUhDjksUUC">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020. <q>In response to the coup, Turkey launched a military offensive in Cyprus that divided the island along the Green Line, which now splits the entire island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+and+the+Politics+of+Memory%3A+History%2C+Community+and+Conflict&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-107-7&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.au=Papadakis%2C+Yiannis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy4WUhDjksUUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiez2002" class="citation book cs1">Diez, Thomas (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A4QTUWBEC2kC">The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict: Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union</a>. Manchester University Press. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6079-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6079-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-6079-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517125754/https://books.google.com/books?id=A4QTUWBEC2kC">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020. <q>Turkey did, however, act unilaterally in 1974, in response to a military coup in Cyprus instigated by the military junta ruling then in Greece with the apparent objective of annexing the island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Union+and+the+Cyprus+Conflict%3A+Modern+Conflict%2C+Postmodern+Union&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6079-3&rft.aulast=Diez&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA4QTUWBEC2kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKer-LindsayFaustmannMullen2011" class="citation book cs1">Ker-Lindsay, James; Faustmann, Hubert; Mullen, Fiona (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1QEn3G4L7MC">An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus</a>. I.B. Tauris. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848856783" title="Special:BookSources/9781848856783"><bdi>9781848856783</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517124237/https://books.google.com/books?id=R1QEn3G4L7MC">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>Divided since 1974, when Turkish forces invaded in response to a Greek led coup, many observers felt that taking in the island would either be far too risky or far too problematic.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Island+in+Europe%3A+The+EU+and+the+Transformation+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781848856783&rft.aulast=Ker-Lindsay&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Faustmann%2C+Hubert&rft.au=Mullen%2C+Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR1QEn3G4L7MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri2009" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Faruk (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f82Jn_H4VukC">Historical Dictionary of Cyprus</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6298-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6298-2"><bdi>978-0-8108-6298-2</bdi></a>. <q>On 20 July 1974, in response to the coup and justifying its action under the Treaty of Guarantee, Turkey landed forces in Kyrenia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6298-2&rft.aulast=Mirbagheri&rft.aufirst=Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df82Jn_H4VukC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2008" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Christine (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qnFCAgAAQBAJ">International Law and the Use of Force</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-102162-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-102162-6"><bdi>978-0-19-102162-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517124202/https://books.google.com/books?id=qnFCAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+and+the+Use+of+Force&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-102162-6&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqnFCAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaki_Theodoracopulos1978" class="citation book cs1">Taki Theodoracopulos (1 January 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPscAAAAYAAJ">The Greek Upheaval: Kings, Demagogues, and Bayonets</a>. Caratzas Bros. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89241-080-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89241-080-4"><bdi>978-0-89241-080-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911011201/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPscAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Upheaval%3A+Kings%2C+Demagogues%2C+and+Bayonets&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Caratzas+Bros.&rft.date=1978-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-89241-080-4&rft.au=Taki+Theodoracopulos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZPscAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_SolstenLibrary_of_Congress._Federal_Research_Division1993" class="citation book cs1">Eric Solsten; Library of Congress. Federal Research Division (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5UuFAAAAIAAJ">Cyprus, a country study</a>. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-0752-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-0752-4"><bdi>978-0-8444-0752-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905234346/https://books.google.com/books?id=5UuFAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%2C+a+country+study&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8444-0752-4&rft.au=Eric+Solsten&rft.au=Library+of+Congress.+Federal+Research+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5UuFAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craig_2001-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Craig_2001_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craig_2001_121-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craig_2001_121-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrendan_O'MalleyIan_Craig2001" class="citation book cs1">Brendan O'Malley; Ian Craig (25 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4Jz3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA195">The Cyprus Conspiracy: America, Espionage and the Turkish Invasion</a>. I.B. Tauris. pp. 195–197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-016-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-016-9"><bdi>978-0-85773-016-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412182115/https://books.google.com/books?id=4Jz3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA195">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyprus+Conspiracy%3A+America%2C+Espionage+and+the+Turkish+Invasion&rft.pages=195-197&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2001-06-25&rft.isbn=978-0-85773-016-9&rft.au=Brendan+O%27Malley&rft.au=Ian+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4Jz3AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumantra_Bose2009" class="citation book cs1">Sumantra Bose (30 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KKZcgOJPjVkC&pg=PA86">Contested Lands: Israel-Palestine, Kashmir, Bosnia, Cyprus, and Sri Lanka</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02856-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02856-2"><bdi>978-0-674-02856-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412133548/https://books.google.com/books?id=KKZcgOJPjVkC&pg=PA86">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Lands%3A+Israel-Palestine%2C+Kashmir%2C+Bosnia%2C+Cyprus%2C+and+Sri+Lanka&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02856-2&rft.au=Sumantra+Bose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKKZcgOJPjVkC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> U.S. Congressional Record, V. 147, Pt. 3, 8 March 2001 to 26 March 2001 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJ9DhiRRtIoC&pg=PA4095">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910224624/https://books.google.com/books?id=fJ9DhiRRtIoC&pg=PA4095">Archived</a> 10 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Turkey and the United States: The Arms Embargo Period. Praeger Publishers (5 August 1986). 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275921415" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275921415"><bdi>978-0275921415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+and+the+United+States%3A+The+Arms+Embargo+Period&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers+%285+August+1986%29&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0275921415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927202937/http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=34064&cat_id=1">"Over 100 missing identified so far"</a>. Cyprus Mail. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=34064&cat_id=1">the original</a> on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cyprus+Mail&rft.atitle=Over+100+missing+identified+so+far&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprus-mail.com%2Fnews%2Fmain.php%3Fid%3D34064%26cat_id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014514/http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=30795&cat_id=1">"Missing cause to get cash injection"</a>. Cyprus Mail. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=30795&cat_id=1">the original</a> on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cyprus+Mail&rft.atitle=Missing+cause+to+get+cash+injection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprus-mail.com%2Fnews%2Fmain.php%3Fid%3D30795%26cat_id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1984/scres84.htm">"According to the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 550 and 541"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090319123420/http://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1984/scres84.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=According+to+the+United+Nations+Security+Council+Resolutions+550+and+541&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fdocuments%2Fsc%2Fres%2F1984%2Fscres84.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Consortium_for_Church-State_Research._Conference2007" class="citation book cs1">European Consortium for Church-State Research. Conference (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hogL92shGUIC&pg=PA50">Churches and Other Religious Organisations as Legal Persons: Proceedings of the 17th Meeting of the European Consortium for Church and State Research, Höör (Sweden), 17–20 November 2005</a>. Peeters Publishers. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-429-1858-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-429-1858-0"><bdi>978-90-429-1858-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412144859/https://books.google.com/books?id=hogL92shGUIC&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>There is little data concerning recognition of the 'legal status' of religions in the occupied territories, since any acts of the 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' are not recognized by either the Republic of Cyprus or the international community.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churches+and+Other+Religious+Organisations+as+Legal+Persons%3A+Proceedings+of+the+17th+Meeting+of+the+European+Consortium+for+Church+and+State+Research%2C+H%C3%B6%C3%B6r+%28Sweden%29%2C+17%E2%80%9320+November+2005&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-429-1858-0&rft.au=European+Consortium+for+Church-State+Research.+Conference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhogL92shGUIC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley2010" class="citation book cs1">Quigley (6 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iTR3BQ0aJ6UC&pg=PA164">The Statehood of Palestine</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49124-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49124-2"><bdi>978-1-139-49124-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906001102/https://books.google.com/books?id=iTR3BQ0aJ6UC&pg=PA164">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>The international community found this declaration invalid, on the ground that Turkey had occupied territory belonging to Cyprus and that the putative state was therefore an infringement on Cypriot sovereignty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statehood+of+Palestine&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-09-06&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49124-2&rft.au=Quigley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiTR3BQ0aJ6UC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathalie_Tocci2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Tocci" title="Nathalie Tocci">Nathalie Tocci</a> (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T6Z0Io3kQZ4C&pg=PA56">EU Accession Dynamics and Conflict Resolution: Catalysing Peace Or Consolidating Partition in Cyprus?</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4310-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4310-4"><bdi>978-0-7546-4310-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915202840/https://books.google.com/books?id=T6Z0Io3kQZ4C&pg=PA56">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>The occupied territory included 70 percent of the island's economic potential with over 50 percent of the industrial ... In addition, since partition Turkey encouraged mainland immigration to northern Cyprus. ... The international community, excluding Turkey, condemned the unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) as a.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EU+Accession+Dynamics+and+Conflict+Resolution%3A+Catalysing+Peace+Or+Consolidating+Partition+in+Cyprus%3F&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2004-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4310-4&rft.au=Nathalie+Tocci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT6Z0Io3kQZ4C%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr_Anders_WivelRobert_Steinmetz2013" class="citation book cs1">Dr Anders Wivel; Robert Steinmetz (28 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iUeWqEjS6-IC&pg=PA165">Small States in Europe: Challenges and Opportunities</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9958-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9958-9"><bdi>978-1-4094-9958-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922110421/https://books.google.com/books?id=iUeWqEjS6-IC&pg=PA165">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>To this day, it remains unrecognised by the international community, except by Turkey</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+States+in+Europe%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-9958-9&rft.au=Dr+Anders+Wivel&rft.au=Robert+Steinmetz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiUeWqEjS6-IC%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Neville2013" class="citation book cs1">Peter Neville (22 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dVosJPY04xAC&pg=PA293">Historical Dictionary of British Foreign Policy</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7371-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7371-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-7371-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918212811/https://books.google.com/books?id=dVosJPY04xAC&pg=PA293">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>Ecevit ordered the army to occupy the Turkish area on 20 July 1974. It became the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, but Britain, like the rest of the international community, except Turkey, refused to extend diplomatic recognition to the enclave. British efforts to secure Turkey's removal from its surrogate territory after 1974 failed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+British+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013-03-22&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7371-1&rft.au=Peter+Neville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdVosJPY04xAC%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Ker-LindsayHubert_FaustmannFiona_Mullen2011" class="citation book cs1">James Ker-Lindsay; Hubert Faustmann; Fiona Mullen (15 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1QEn3G4L7MC&pg=PA15">An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus</a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-678-3"><bdi>978-1-84885-678-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918194718/https://books.google.com/books?id=R1QEn3G4L7MC&pg=PA15">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>Classified as illegal under international law, and now due to Cyprus' accession into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> is also an illegal occupation of EU territory.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Island+in+Europe%3A+The+EU+and+the+Transformation+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2011-05-15&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-678-3&rft.au=James+Ker-Lindsay&rft.au=Hubert+Faustmann&rft.au=Fiona+Mullen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR1QEn3G4L7MC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofhu0005unse_j7e0">Encyclopedia of Human Rights, Volume 5</a>. Oxford University Press. 2009. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofhu0005unse_j7e0/page/460">460</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195334029" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195334029"><bdi>978-0195334029</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Human+Rights%2C+Volume+5&rft.pages=460&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0195334029&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofhu0005unse_j7e0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprusun.org/?cat=52">"Full list UN Resolutions on Cyprus"</a>. Un.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930051656/http://www.cyprusun.org/?cat=52">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+list+UN+Resolutions+on+Cyprus&rft.pub=Un.int&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprusun.org%2F%3Fcat%3D52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalley2005" class="citation book cs1">Palley, Claire (18 May 2005). An International Relations Debacle: The UN Secretary-general's Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus 1999–2004. Hart Publishing. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84113-578-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84113-578-6"><bdi>978-1-84113-578-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+International+Relations+Debacle%3A+The+UN+Secretary-general%27s+Mission+of+Good+Offices+in+Cyprus+1999%E2%80%932004&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Hart+Publishing&rft.date=2005-05-18&rft.isbn=978-1-84113-578-6&rft.aulast=Palley&rft.aufirst=Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Stephanos Constantinides & Joseph Joseph, 'Cyprus and the European Union: Beyond Accession', Études helléniques/Hellenic Studies 11 (2), Autumn 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2969089.stm">"Emotion as Cyprus border opens"</a>. BBC News. 23 April 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065858/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2969089.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Emotion+as+Cyprus+border+opens&rft.date=2003-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F2969089.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6433045.stm">"Greek Cypriots dismantle barrier"</a>. BBC News. 9 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307041606/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6433045.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Greek+Cypriots+dismantle+barrier&rft.date=2007-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6433045.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/03/europe/EU-GEN-Cyprus-Ledra-Street.php">Ledra Street crossing opens in Cyprus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080615132540/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/03/europe/EU-GEN-Cyprus-Ledra-Street.php">Archived</a> 15 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> article published on <a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a> Website, 3 April 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadjicostis2015" class="citation news cs1">Hadjicostis, Menelaos (11 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/b80d6a4b9c50403589f4582f7ebcf0d6">"UN envoy says Cyprus reunification talks to resume May 15"</a>. Associated Press News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524115638/http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2015/UN-envoy-says-divided-Cyprus-rival-leaders-to-restart-stalled-reunification-talks-May-15/id-b80d6a4b9c50403589f4582f7ebcf0d6">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=UN+envoy+says+Cyprus+reunification+talks+to+resume+May+15&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft.aulast=Hadjicostis&rft.aufirst=Menelaos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fb80d6a4b9c50403589f4582f7ebcf0d6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Helena (7 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/07/cyprus-reunification-talks-collapse-amid-angry-scenes">"Cyprus reunification talks collapse amid angry scenes"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707144641/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/07/cyprus-reunification-talks-collapse-amid-angry-scenes">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cyprus+reunification+talks+collapse+amid+angry+scenes&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjul%2F07%2Fcyprus-reunification-talks-collapse-amid-angry-scenes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/cyprus-golden-passports-bring-russians-eu-190202172320680.html">"Cyprus 'golden passports' bring Russians into the EU"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190204165732/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/cyprus-golden-passports-bring-russians-eu-190202172320680.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2019. 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Retrieved 5 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF+%CE%BC%CE%B5+56%25+%CE%BF+%CE%9D%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.date=2018-02-04&rft.aulast=%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.aufirst=%CE%91%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribune.gr%2Fworld%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F434054%2Fnikitis-ton-eklogon-stin-kypro-56-o-nikos-anastasiadis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17217956">"Cyprus country profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 19 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208054957/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17217956">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2015. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924200741/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/13/us-turkey-cyprus-davutoglu-idUSBREA4C0AX20140513">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. 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Retrieved 18 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Article+3&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=President+of+the+Republic+of+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.gov.cy%2Fpresidency%2Fpresidency.nsf%2Fall%2F1003AEDD83EED9C7C225756F0023C6AD%2F%24file%2FCY_Constitution.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140207055025/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Cyprus.htm">"Implementation of the Charter in Cyprus"</a>. Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research. 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(2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C">"Greece and Cyprus"</a>. Sociolinguistics: an international handbook of the science of language and society / Soziolinguistik: ein internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft von Sprache und Gesellschaft. Handbooks of linguistics and communication science / Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1881–1889. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110184181" title="Special:BookSources/9783110184181"><bdi>9783110184181</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517130217/https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greece+and+Cyprus&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistics%3A+an+international+handbook+of+the+science+of+language+and+society+%2F+Soziolinguistik%3A+ein+internationales+Handbuch+zur+Wissenschaft+von+Sprache+und+Gesellschaft&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=Handbooks+of+linguistics+and+communication+science+%2F+Handb%C3%BCcher+zur+Sprach-+und+Kommunikationswissenschaft&rft.pages=1881-1889&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9783110184181&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLMZm0w0k1c4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Euromosaic-238">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Euromosaic_238-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Euromosaic_238-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Euromosaic_238-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Commission,_Directorate-General_for_Education_and_Culture2006" class="citation book cs1">European Commission, Directorate-General for Education and Culture, ed. 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Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christoforos+Savva&rft.pub=www.hatjecantz.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hatjecantz.de%2Fchristoforos-savva-7519-1.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DChristoforos%2520Savva%2520%281924%25E2%2580%25931968%29%2Cnewly%2520established%2520Republic%2520of%2520Cyprus.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> Ministry of Education and Culture, State Gallery of Contemporary Cypriot Art (Nicosia: MOEC,1998) </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> Michael Paraskos, "The Art of Modern Cyprus", in Sunjet, Spring 2002, 62f </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eQ0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8">Billboard</a>. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 8 May 1999. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911001516/https://books.google.com/books?id=eQ0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>Sony Music executives congratulate Greek artist Anna Vissi before her recent sold-out performance at the Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York the first stop in her North-American tour to promote her album Antidoto</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billboard&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Nielsen+Business+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999-05-08&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeQ0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellander,_PaulKate_ArmstrongMichael_ClarkChristopher_Deliso2008" class="citation book cs1">Hellander, Paul; Kate Armstrong; Michael Clark; Christopher Deliso (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4PDWSOx4lUwC&pg=PA49">Lonely Planet Greek Islands</a>. Lonely Planet. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-314-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-314-3"><bdi>978-1-74104-314-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922103814/https://books.google.com/books?id=4PDWSOx4lUwC&pg=PA49">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>The country's big pop and laïka stars include Anna Vissi, Notis Sfakiana- kis, Despina Vandi, Yiannis Ploutarhos, Antonis Remos, Mihalis Hatziyian- nis, heartthrob Sakis Rouvas and Greek-Swedish singer Elena Paparizou, who won Greece</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lonely+Planet+Greek+Islands&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-314-3&rft.au=Hellander%2C+Paul&rft.au=Kate+Armstrong&rft.au=Michael+Clark&rft.au=Christopher+Deliso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4PDWSOx4lUwC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MhQEAAAAMBAJ">Billboard</a>. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 14 July 2001. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MhQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n70">71</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>The hits of platinum stars Anna Vissi, Despina Vandi and Keti Garbi are played in clubs together with the Anna Vissi international dance hits of Deep- swing, Planetfunk</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billboard&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Nielsen+Business+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001-07-14&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_MhQEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JbA4AQAAIAAJ">Rhythm: Global Sounds and Ideas</a>. Vol. 9. World Marketing Incorporated. 2000. p. 70. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910221009/https://books.google.com/books?id=JbA4AQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. <q>We have a Euro Music category with clips by the Gipsy Kings and Anna Vissi, a huge star for Sony Greece 'We also have ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rhythm%3A+Global+Sounds+and+Ideas&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=World+Marketing+Incorporated&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJbA4AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> "An indication that at least the main contents of the Cypria were known around 650 BC is provided by the representation of the <a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment of Paris">Judgment of Paris</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Chigi_vase" title="Chigi vase">Chigi vase</a>" (Burkert 1992:103). On the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Corinthian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Corinthian">proto-Corinthian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewer">ewer</a> of c. 640 BC known as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisc.edu/arth/ah300/13-myth/33.image.html">Chigi "vase"</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Paris is identified as Alexandros, as he was apparently called in Cypria. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> Th. Siapkaras- Pitsillidés, Le Pétrarchisme en Cypre. Poèmes d' amour en dialecte Chypriote d' après un manuscript du XVIe siècle, Athènes 1975 (2ème édition) </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutsche_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_zu_Berlin._Institut_für_Griechisch-Römische_Altertumskunde,_Deutsche_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_zu_Berlin._Zentralinstitut_für_Alte_Geschichte_und_Archäologie1956" class="citation book cs1">Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Institut für Griechisch-Römische Altertumskunde, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Zentralinstitut für Alte Geschichte und Archäologie (1956). Berliner byzantinistische Arbeiten, Volume 40. Akademie-Verlag. pp. 209–210. <q>John Cigala (born at Nicosia 1622). He studied at the College of Saint Athanasios, Rome (1635–1642), which he graduated as doctor of philosophy and theology and at which he taught Greek successfully for eight years (1642–1650) ... What has survived of his work as a number of epigrams published in books of other scholars.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berliner+byzantinistische+Arbeiten%2C+Volume+40&rft.pages=209-210&rft.pub=Akademie-Verlag&rft.date=1956&rft.au=Deutsche+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften+zu+Berlin.+Institut+f%C3%BCr+Griechisch-R%C3%B6mische+Altertumskunde%2C+Deutsche+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften+zu+Berlin.+Zentralinstitut+f%C3%BCr+Alte+Geschichte+und+Arch%C3%A4ologie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerena,_SebastianoBarbarigo,_Gregorio1963" class="citation book cs1">Serena, Sebastiano; Barbarigo, Gregorio (1963). S. Gregorio Barbarigo e la vita spirituale e cultuale nel suo Seminario di Padova; lettre e saggi editi dagli amici in memoria. Editrice Antenore. p. 495. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6706000">6706000</a>. <q>Giovanni Cicala, greco di Cipro, prof. di Filosofia nella Università ... Al qual fine permetteva tutta la confidenza con il Cigala e con il Papadopoli, ambedue greci nativi e Lettori pubblici nell'Universita di Padova, coi quail si tratteneva, in frequenti discorsi sopra questa material, le mezze giornate intiere ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S.+Gregorio+Barbarigo+e+la+vita+spirituale+e+cultuale+nel+suo+Seminario+di+Padova%3B+lettre+e+saggi+editi+dagli+amici+in+memoria&rft.pages=495&rft.pub=Editrice+Antenore&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6706000&rft.au=Serena%2C+Sebastiano&rft.au=Barbarigo%2C+Gregorio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> Gazioğlu, Ahmet C. (1990). The Turks in Cyprus: a province of the Ottoman Empire (1571–1878), 293–295, K. Rüstem. </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511195913/http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=256">"Cyprus Stamp Issue: Loukis Akritas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=256">the original</a> on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Stamp+Issue%3A+Loukis+Akritas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philatelism.com%2Fdetails.php%3Fissueid%3D256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511195859/http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=91">"Cyprus Stamp Issue: Cyprus Poets"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=91">the original</a> on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Stamp+Issue%3A+Cyprus+Poets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philatelism.com%2Fdetails.php%3Fissueid%3D91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511195938/http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=252">"Cyprus Stamp Issue: Centenary Birthday Anniversary of Poet Pavlos Liasides"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=252">the original</a> on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Stamp+Issue%3A+Centenary+Birthday+Anniversary+of+Poet+Pavlos+Liasides&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philatelism.com%2Fdetails.php%3Fissueid%3D252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/printnews.aspx?DocID=-31947">Kozmik şiirin yazarı</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017204605/http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/printnews.aspx?DocID=-31947">Archived</a> 17 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Hürriyet). Retrieved 31 December 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> Alexander Davidian, 'A literary resilience' in The Cyprus Weekly (Cyprus newspaper), 10 January 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2015/cyprus">Freedom House</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216211325/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2015/cyprus">Archived</a> 16 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2015 report Cyprus </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://index.rsf.org/#!/index-details/CYP">RSF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419161741/http://index.rsf.org/">Archived</a> 19 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Cyprus </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204274">"Cyprus"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328020122/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204274">Archived</a> 28 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmbirth.com/cyprus.html">Film Birth – History of Cinema – Cyprus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924012748/http://www.filmbirth.com/cyprus.html">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> William Woys Weaver, 'Poland in the Middle Ages' in Maria Dembinska (ed.) Food and Drink in Medieval Poland: Rediscovering a Cuisine of the Past (Philadelphia: University of University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999) pp. 41–46 </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/archives/parsons/publications/vegetabletravelers/broccoli.html">"Cabbage Flowers for Food"</a>. Aggie Horticulture. Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas A&M System. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812232947/http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu//archives/parsons/publications/vegetabletravelers/broccoli.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aggie+Horticulture&rft.atitle=Cabbage+Flowers+for+Food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faggie-horticulture.tamu.edu%2Farchives%2Fparsons%2Fpublications%2Fvegetabletravelers%2Fbroccoli.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenwickHeaney,_Robert_K.Mullin,_W._JohnVanEtten,_Cecil_H.1982" class="citation journal cs1">Fenwick, G. Roger; Heaney, Robert K.; Mullin, W. John; VanEtten, Cecil H. (1982). "Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants". CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 18 (2): 123–201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10408398209527361">10.1080/10408398209527361</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6337782">6337782</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRC+Critical+Reviews+in+Food+Science+and+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Glucosinolates+and+their+breakdown+products+in+food+and+food+plants&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-201&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10408398209527361&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6337782&rft.aulast=Fenwick&rft.aufirst=G.+Roger&rft.au=Heaney%2C+Robert+K.&rft.au=Mullin%2C+W.+John&rft.au=VanEtten%2C+Cecil+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> Jon Gregerson, Good Earth (Portland: Graphic Arts Center Publishing Company, 1990) p.41 </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> David Bannerman and Mary Bannerman Birds of Cyprus (London: Oliver and Boyd, 1958) p. 384 </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein,_DarraMerkle,_KathrinParasecoli,_FabioMennell,_Stephen2005" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Darra; Merkle, Kathrin; Parasecoli, Fabio; Mennell, Stephen; Council of Europe (2005). Culinary cultures of Europe: identity, diversity and dialogue. Council of Europe. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-871-5744-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-871-5744-7"><bdi>978-92-871-5744-7</bdi></a>. <q>Most culinary innovations in the Cypriot cuisine occurred during the Byzantine era ... Experimentation with dairy products resulted in the now-famous halloumi and feta cheese.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culinary+cultures+of+Europe%3A+identity%2C+diversity+and+dialogue&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-92-871-5744-7&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+Darra&rft.au=Merkle%2C+Kathrin&rft.au=Parasecoli%2C+Fabio&rft.au=Mennell%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Council+of+Europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson,_R._K.Tamime,_A._Y.1991" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, R. K.; Tamime, A. Y. (1991). Feta and Related Cheeses. Woodhead Publishing. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-278-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-278-0"><bdi>978-1-85573-278-0</bdi></a>. <q>Halloumi is a semi-hard to hard, unripened cheese that traditionally is made from either sheep's or goat's milk or a mixture. Although the cheese has its origins in Cyprus, it is widely popular throughout the Middle East, and hence many countries have now become involved with its manufacture.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feta+and+Related+Cheeses&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-85573-278-0&rft.au=Robinson%2C+R.+K.&rft.au=Tamime%2C+A.+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurdoch_Books_Pty_Limited2005" class="citation book cs1">Murdoch Books Pty Limited (2005). Essential Mediterranean. Murdoch Books. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74045-539-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74045-539-8"><bdi>978-1-74045-539-8</bdi></a>. <q>HALOUMl Originating in Cyprus, this salty, semi-hard sheep's milk cheese is a popular table cheese</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Mediterranean&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Murdoch+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-74045-539-8&rft.au=Murdoch+Books+Pty+Limited&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Papademas_117-278">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Papademas_117_278-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papademas_117_278-1">b</a> P. Papademas, "Halloumi Cheese" in A.Y. Tamime (ed.), Brined Cheeses (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006) p.117 </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3753928.stm">Cyprus villagers make giant sweet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517130802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3753928.stm">Archived</a> 17 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", BBC News, 18 October 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202125809/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/12/13/europe/EU-GEN-Cyprus-Turkish-Delight.php">"Turks riled as Cyprus set to win EU trademark on Turkish Delight"</a>. International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. 13 December 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/12/13/europe/EU-GEN-Cyprus-Turkish-Delight.php">the original</a> on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 14 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Turks+riled+as+Cyprus+set+to+win+EU+trademark+on+Turkish+Delight&rft.date=2007-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2Fap%2F2007%2F12%2F13%2Feurope%2FEU-GEN-Cyprus-Turkish-Delight.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreou2016" class="citation news cs1">Andreou, Evie (4 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/07/04/agros-rose-preserve-included-protected-geographical-indication-list/">"Agros rose preserve included in protected geographical indication list"</a>. Cyprus Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070241/http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/07/04/agros-rose-preserve-included-protected-geographical-indication-list/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cyprus+Mail&rft.atitle=Agros+rose+preserve+included+in+protected+geographical+indication+list&rft.date=2016-07-04&rft.aulast=Andreou&rft.aufirst=Evie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyprus-mail.com%2F2016%2F07%2F04%2Fagros-rose-preserve-included-protected-geographical-indication-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403054924/http://www.cyprusbadminton.com/">"Cyprus Badminton Federation"</a>. Cyprusbadminton.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprusbadminton.com">the original</a> on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Badminton+Federation&rft.pub=Cyprusbadminton.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprusbadminton.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> Further reading <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewin,_Christopher2000" class="citation book cs1">Brewin, Christopher (2000). European Union and Cyprus. Eothen Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-906719-24-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-906719-24-4"><bdi>978-0-906719-24-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Union+and+Cyprus&rft.pub=Eothen+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-906719-24-4&rft.au=Brewin%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharalambous,_Giorgos2015" class="citation book cs1">Charalambous, Giorgos (2015). Party-Society Relations in the Republic of Cyprus. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317386-56-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317386-56-8"><bdi>978-1-317386-56-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party-Society+Relations+in+the+Republic+of+Cyprus&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317386-56-8&rft.au=Charalambous%2C+Giorgos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Clark, Tommy. A Brief History of Cyprus (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Brief-History-Cyprus-Tommy-Clark/dp/1527268527/">excerpt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034636/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Brief-History-Cyprus-Tommy-Clark/dp/1527268527/">Archived</a> 26 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDods,_Clement1999" class="citation book cs1">Dods, Clement, ed. (1999). Cyprus: The Need for New Perspectives. The Eothen Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-906719-23-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-906719-23-7"><bdi>978-0-906719-23-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+The+Need+for+New+Perspectives&rft.pub=The+Eothen+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-906719-23-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurrell,_Lawrence1957" class="citation book cs1">Durrell, Lawrence (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitterlemonsofcy0000durr">Bitter Lemons</a>. Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-20155-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-20155-6"><bdi>978-0-571-20155-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bitter+Lemons&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-0-571-20155-6&rft.au=Durrell%2C+Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbitterlemonsofcy0000durr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaustmann,_HubertNicos_Peristianis2006" class="citation book cs1">Faustmann, Hubert; Nicos Peristianis (2006). Britain and Cyprus: Colonialism and Post-Colonialism, 1878–2006. Bibliopolis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-933925-36-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-933925-36-7"><bdi>978-3-933925-36-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+Cyprus%3A+Colonialism+and+Post-Colonialism%2C+1878%E2%80%932006&rft.pub=Bibliopolis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-933925-36-7&rft.au=Faustmann%2C+Hubert&rft.au=Nicos+Peristianis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons,_Harry_Scott1997" class="citation book cs1">Gibbons, Harry Scott (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genocidefiles00gibb">The Genocide Files</a>. Charles Bravos Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9514464-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9514464-2-3"><bdi>978-0-9514464-2-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genocide+Files&rft.pub=Charles+Bravos+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-9514464-2-3&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Harry+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenocidefiles00gibb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannay,_David2005" class="citation book cs1">Hannay, David (2005). Cyprus: The Search for a Solution. <a href="/wiki/I.B.Tauris" class="mw-redirect" title="I.B.Tauris">I.B.Tauris</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-665-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-665-2"><bdi>978-1-85043-665-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+The+Search+for+a+Solution&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-665-2&rft.au=Hannay%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchens,_Christopher1997" class="citation book cs1">Hitchens, Christopher (1997). Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger. Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-189-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-189-1"><bdi>978-1-85984-189-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hostage+to+History%3A+Cyprus+from+the+Ottomans+to+Kissinger&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85984-189-1&rft.au=Hitchens%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKer-Lindsay,_James2005" class="citation book cs1">Ker-Lindsay, James (2005). EU Accession and UN Peacemaking in Cyprus. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-9690-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-9690-9"><bdi>978-1-4039-9690-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EU+Accession+and+UN+Peacemaking+in+Cyprus&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-9690-9&rft.au=Ker-Lindsay%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKer-Lindsay,_JamesHubert_Faustmann2009" class="citation book cs1">Ker-Lindsay, James; Hubert Faustmann (2009). The Government and Politics of Cyprus. Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-096-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-096-4"><bdi>978-3-03911-096-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Government+and+Politics+of+Cyprus&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-03911-096-4&rft.au=Ker-Lindsay%2C+James&rft.au=Hubert+Faustmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson,_William2005" class="citation book cs1">Mallinson, William (2005). Cyprus a Modern History. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8"><bdi>978-1-85043-580-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+a+Modern+History&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-580-8&rft.au=Mallinson%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerinBurdick1979" class="citation book cs1">Merin, Jennifer; Burdick, Elizabeth B. (1 November 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationaldir00meri">International directory of theatre, dance, and folklore festivals: a project of the International Theatre Institute of the United States, inc</a>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-20993-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-20993-2"><bdi>978-0-313-20993-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+directory+of+theatre%2C+dance%2C+and+folklore+festivals%3A+a+project+of+the+International+Theatre+Institute+of+the+United+States%2C+inc&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1979-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-313-20993-2&rft.aulast=Merin&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Burdick%2C+Elizabeth+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finternationaldir00meri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri,_Farid1989" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Farid (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cyprusinternatio0000mirb">Cyprus and International Peacemaking</a>. Hurst. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-354-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-354-7"><bdi>978-1-85065-354-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+and+International+Peacemaking&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-354-7&rft.au=Mirbagheri%2C+Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcyprusinternatio0000mirb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolet,_Claude2001" class="citation book cs1">Nicolet, Claude (2001). United States Policy Towards Cyprus, 1954–1974. Bibliopolis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-933925-20-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-933925-20-6"><bdi>978-3-933925-20-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Policy+Towards+Cyprus%2C+1954%E2%80%931974&rft.pub=Bibliopolis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-933925-20-6&rft.au=Nicolet%2C+Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOberling,_Pierre1982" class="citation book cs1">Oberling, Pierre (1982). The Road to Bellapais. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-000-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-000-8"><bdi>978-0-88033-000-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Bellapais&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-000-8&rft.au=Oberling%2C+Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Malley,_BrendanIan_Craig1999" class="citation book cs1">O'Malley, Brendan; Ian Craig (1999). The Cyprus Conspiracy. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-737-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-737-6"><bdi>978-1-86064-737-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyprus+Conspiracy&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-737-6&rft.au=O%27Malley%2C+Brendan&rft.au=Ian+Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalley,_Claire2005" class="citation book cs1">Palley, Claire (2005). An International Relations Debacle: The UN Secretary-General's Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus, 1999–2004. Hart Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84113-578-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84113-578-6"><bdi>978-1-84113-578-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+International+Relations+Debacle%3A+The+UN+Secretary-General%27s+Mission+of+Good+Offices+in+Cyprus%2C+1999%E2%80%932004&rft.pub=Hart+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84113-578-6&rft.au=Palley%2C+Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadakis,_Yiannis2005" class="citation book cs1">Papadakis, Yiannis (2005). Echoes from the Dead Zone: Across the Cyprus Divide. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-428-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-428-3"><bdi>978-1-85043-428-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+from+the+Dead+Zone%3A+Across+the+Cyprus+Divide&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-428-3&rft.au=Papadakis%2C+Yiannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond,_Oliver1998" class="citation book cs1">Richmond, Oliver (1998). Mediating in Cyprus. Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4431-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4431-8"><bdi>978-0-7146-4431-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mediating+in+Cyprus&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4431-8&rft.au=Richmond%2C+Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond,_OliverJames_Ker-Lindsay2001" class="citation book cs1">Richmond, Oliver; James Ker-Lindsay, eds. (2001). The Work of the UN in Cyprus: Promoting Peace and Development. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-91271-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-91271-3"><bdi>978-0-333-91271-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Work+of+the+UN+in+Cyprus%3A+Promoting+Peace+and+Development&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-333-91271-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter,_Heinz2010" class="citation book cs1">Richter, Heinz (2010). A Concise History of Modern Cyprus 1878–2009. Rutzen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-06212-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-06212-1"><bdi>978-3-447-06212-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Modern+Cyprus+1878%E2%80%932009&rft.pub=Rutzen&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-447-06212-1&rft.au=Richter%2C+Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sacopoulo, Marina (1966). Chypre d'aujourd'hui. Paris: G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose. 406 p., ill. with b&w photos. and fold. maps.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTocci,_Nathalie2004" class="citation book cs1">Tocci, Nathalie (2004). EU Accession Dynamics and Conflict Resolution: Catalysing Peace or Consolidating Partition in Cyprus?. Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4310-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4310-4"><bdi>978-0-7546-4310-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EU+Accession+Dynamics+and+Conflict+Resolution%3A+Catalysing+Peace+or+Consolidating+Partition+in+Cyprus%3F&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4310-4&rft.au=Tocci%2C+Nathalie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYiorghos,_LeventisMurata_Sawayanagi_NanakoHazama_Yasushi2008" class="citation book cs1">Yiorghos, Leventis; Murata Sawayanagi Nanako; Hazama Yasushi (2008). Crossing Over Cyprus. Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA) Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-86337-003-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-86337-003-6"><bdi>978-4-86337-003-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crossing+Over+Cyprus&rft.pub=Research+Institute+for+Languages+and+Cultures+of+Asia+and+Africa+%28ILCAA%29+Tokyo+University+of+Foreign+Studies+%28TUFS%29&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-4-86337-003-6&rft.au=Yiorghos%2C+Leventis&rft.au=Murata+Sawayanagi+Nanako&rft.au=Hazama+Yasushi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyprus" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Cyprus at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cyprus" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Cyprus">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_-_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s" class="extiw" title="c:Κύπρος - Kıbrıs">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Cyprus" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Cyprus">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cyprus" class="extiw" title="q:Cyprus">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cyprus" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Cyprus">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cyprus" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Cyprus">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cyprus" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Cyprus">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cyprus" class="extiw" title="voy:Cyprus">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> General Information <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/">Cyprus</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1021835.stm">Timeline of Cyprus by BBC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080727022814/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cyprus.htm">Cyprus</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/eur/ci/cy/">Cyprus</a> information from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17217956">Cyprus profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unficyp.org/">The UN in Cyprus</a></li></ul> Government <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprustrade.co.uk/">Cyprus High Commission Trade Centre – London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/portal/portal.nsf/citizen_en?OpenForm&access=0&SectionId=citizen&CategoryId=none&SelectionId=home&print=0&lang=en">Republic of Cyprus – English Language</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702085503/http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/portal/portal.nsf/citizen_en?OpenForm&access=0&SectionId=citizen&CategoryId=none&SelectionId=home&print=0&lang=en">Archived</a> 2 July 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003102510/http://www.kypros.org/Constitution/English/index.htm">Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/">Press and Information Office – Ministry of Interior</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/">Cyprus Statistical Service</a></li></ul> Tourism <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitcyprus.com/">Read about Cyprus on visitcyprus.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628111323/http://www.visitcyprus.com/">Archived</a> 28 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – the official travel portal for Cyprus</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus.com/">Cyprus informational portal and open platform for contribution of Cyprus-related content</a> – www.Cyprus.com</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/307787">Cyprus</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> Cuisine <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gov.cy/assets/user/publications/2022/2022_040/HTML/">Gastronomical map of Cyprus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423165804/https://publications.gov.cy/assets/user/publications/2022/2022_040/HTML/">Archived</a> 23 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> Archaeology <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://triarte.brynmawr.edu/PRT212?sid=336967&x=32613387&x=32613388">Cypriot Pottery, Bryn Mawr College Art and Artifact Collections</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/162840">The Cesnola collection of Cypriot art : stone sculpture</a>, a fully digitised text from The Metropolitan Museum of Art libraries</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cypernochkreta.dinstudio.se">The Mosaics of Khirbat al-Ma</a></li></ul> Official publications <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmfaff/113/11302.htm">The British government's Foreign Affairs Committee report on Cyprus</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/All/BD477C55623013C5C2256D740027CF98?OpenDocument">Legal Issues arising from certain population transfers and displacements on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus in the period since 20 July 1974</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928053046/http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/All/BD477C55623013C5C2256D740027CF98?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 28 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hri.org/news/cyprus/cna/2004/04-04-08.cna.html#01">Address to Cypriots by President Papadopoulos (FULL TEXT)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hri.org/docs/annan/">Annan Plan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041217052134/http://www.greekembassy.org/Embassy/content/en/Article.aspx?office=1&folder=44&article=86">Embassy of Greece, USA – Cyprus: Geographical and Historical Background</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cyprus_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyprus_topics" title="Template:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyprus_topics" title="Template talk:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyprus_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyprus_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cyprus-related_articles" title="Index of Cyprus-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Cyprus" title="Prehistoric Cyprus">Prehistoric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya">Alasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocypriot_language" title="Eteocypriot language">Eteocypriot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus" title="Ancient history of Cyprus">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_city-kingdoms_of_Cyprus" title="Ten city-kingdoms of Cyprus">Ten city-kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Persian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Revolt" title="Ionian Revolt">Ionian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Roman Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora revolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Cyprus">Byzantine Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Arab Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Cyprus" title="Venetian Cyprus">Venetian rule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Ottoman rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_British_Cyprus" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus_since_1878" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cyprus since 1878">Post-1878 overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">Taksim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Intercommunal violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_refugees" title="Cypriot refugees">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_S-300_crisis" title="Cypriot S-300 crisis">Cypriot S-300 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan" title="Annan Plan">Annan Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">EU accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Cyprus.svg/80px-Arms_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Cyprus.svg/120px-Arms_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Cyprus.svg/160px-Arms_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="350" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Cyprus" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cyprus" title="Climate of Cyprus">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cyprus" title="List of earthquakes in Cyprus">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyprus_islets" title="List of Cyprus islets">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Lakes of Cyprus">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Mountains of Cyprus">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Rivers of Cyprus">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cyprus" title="Wildlife of Cyprus">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Cyprus" title="Chief Justice of Cyprus">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cyprus" title="Constitution of Cyprus">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cyprus" title="Corruption in Cyprus">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">UN resolutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Cyprus">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_National_Guard_General_Staff" title="Chief of the National Guard General Staff">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Police" title="Cyprus Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Cyprus">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cyprus" title="Economy of Cyprus">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cyprus" title="Agriculture in Cyprus">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Cyprus" title="List of banks in Cyprus">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus" title="Energy in Cyprus">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Stock_Exchange" title="Cyprus Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Cyprus">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Trade unions in Cyprus">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cyprus" title="Transport in Cyprus">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Cypriot_financial_crisis" title="2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis">2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Society of Cyprus">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cypriot nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cyprus" title="Health in Cyprus">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Cyprus">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Cyprus">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cypriot_art" title="Category:Cypriot art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Cinema of Cyprus">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_wine" title="Cypriot wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_literature" title="Cypriot literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Cyprus" title="Category:Mass media in Cyprus">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cyprus" title="Sport in Cyprus">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cyprus" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cyprus">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Greek Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus">Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linobambaki" title="Linobambaki">Linobambaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Settlers from Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Cyprus">Armenian Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Cypriots" title="Maronite Cypriots">Maronite Cypriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Cyprus" title="National symbols of Cyprus">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cyprus" title="Coat of arms of Cyprus">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cyprus" title="Outline of Cyprus">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cyprus-related_articles" title="Index of Cyprus-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyprus" title="Category:Cyprus">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Cyprus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Cyprus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Cyprus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Council_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Council_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_main_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/80px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/120px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/160px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Potential enlargement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Former members</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas of internal sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li>4 Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a> (members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marginal_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal seas">Marginal seas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Sardinia" title="Sea of Sardinia">Sea of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle_East" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_East" title="Template:Middle East"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_East" title="Template talk:Middle East"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_East" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle East"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_countries_by_population" title="List of Middle Eastern countries by population">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-disambig" title="Rojava">North Syria Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Middle_East" title="Economy of the Middle East">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Middle_East" title="Energy in the Middle East">Energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East" title="History of the Middle East">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Middle_Eastern_history" title="Timeline of Middle Eastern history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">Modern conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_politics_in_the_Middle_East" title="Water politics in the Middle East">Water politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conflict_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Water conflict in the Middle East and North Africa">Water conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Middle_East" title="Demographics of the Middle East">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East" title="Ethnic groups in the Middle East">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East" title="Genetic history of the Middle East">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_metropolitan_areas_of_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Middle_East" title="Religion in the Middle East">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Middle_East" title="Irreligion in the Middle East">Irreligion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Eastern_archaeology" title="Near Eastern archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_the_Middle_East" title="Etiquette in the Middle East">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music" title="Middle Eastern music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Dance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_studies" title="Middle Eastern studies">Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/21px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/42px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/29px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/38px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123315214">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130118559">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205213/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079596-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79055857">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863129n">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863129n">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565932">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35032908">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129727&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/2173">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007561802405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a75b525f-8c01-31f6-975e-4a32a2b001d5">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/dcf16d6d-4013-4f7b-aef8-b2119785b33a">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/1ArJlpwm">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026370654">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003377">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035687">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=6974">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cyprus&params=35_N_33_E_type:country_region:CY_scale:2500000_source:GNS">35°N 33°E / 35°N 33°E / 35; 33</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyprus&oldid=1263385179">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyprus&oldid=1263385179</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyprus" title="Category:Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_in_Europe" title="Category:Countries in Europe">Countries in Europe</a></li><li><a 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image\"] = 3,\n [\"Native name\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Parabr\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-sock\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 7,\n [\"Script\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Sovereign states of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"The Commonwealth\"] = 1,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 2,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 32,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","440","18.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","400","16.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","220","9.2"],["dataWrapper 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