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<li id="toc-Hittites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hittites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hittites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hittites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_Amarna_letters_from_Alashiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Amarna_letters_from_Alashiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>List of Amarna letters from Alashiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Amarna_letters_from_Alashiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ugarit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ugarit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ugarit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ugarit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Identification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ألاشيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألاشيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fiya" title="Alaşiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alaşiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аласія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аласія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аласия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аласия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaixiya" title="Alaixiya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alaixiya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%A1ija" title="Alašija – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alašija" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αλάσια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλάσια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasiya" title="Alasiya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alasiya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="آلاشیا (آلاسیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلاشیا (آلاسیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alashiya" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alashiya" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alashiya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasiya" title="Alasiya – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alasiya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%94" title="אלשיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלשיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasyia" title="Alasyia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alasyia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alashia" title="Alashia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alashia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alashiya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A1sia" title="Alásia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alásia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аласия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аласия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasija" title="Alasija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alasija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fya" title="Alaşya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alaşya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аласія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аласія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Near_East_1400BC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ancient_Near_East_1400BC.svg/300px-Ancient_Near_East_1400BC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ancient_Near_East_1400BC.svg/450px-Ancient_Near_East_1400BC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ancient_Near_East_1400BC.svg/600px-Ancient_Near_East_1400BC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a> around 1400 BC</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alashiya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>: <span lang="akk">𒀀𒆷𒅆𒅀</span> <i>Alašiya</i> [a-la-ši-ia]; <a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugaritic language">Ugaritic</a>: <span lang="uga">𐎀𐎍𐎘𐎊</span> <i>ẢLṮY</i>; <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a>: 𐀀𐀨𐀯𐀍 <i>Alasios</i> [a-ra-si-jo]; <a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a> "'irs3"), also spelled <b>Alasiya</b>, also known as the <b>Kingdom of Alashiya</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">state</a> which existed in the Middle and Late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Ages</a>, and was situated somewhere in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>. It was a major source of goods, especially <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a> and other states in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a>. It is referred to in a number of the surviving texts and is now thought to be the ancient name of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, or an area of Cyprus. This was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_science" title="Archaeological science">scientific analysis</a> performed in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">clay tablets</a> which were sent from Alashiya to other rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Cyprus" title="Category:History of Cyprus">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">History of <span class="fn org label">Cyprus</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="CYPRVS INSVLA"><img alt="CYPRVS INSVLA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg/150px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg/225px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg/300px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4295" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Cyprus" title="Prehistoric Cyprus">Prehistoric</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philia_culture" title="Philia culture">Philia culture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alashiya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus" title="Ancient history of Cyprus">Ancient</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_city-kingdoms_of_Cyprus" title="Ten city-kingdoms of Cyprus">Ten city-kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Roman Era</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Medieval</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_(theme)" title="Cyprus (theme)">Theme of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Cyprus" title="Venetian Cyprus">Venetian Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Ottoman Cyprus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus_(1878%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Cyprus (1878–present)">Modern</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus problem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">History by topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cypriot_history" title="Timeline of Cypriot history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Cypriot_art" title="Ancient Cypriot art">Ancient art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Cyprus" title="Pottery of ancient Cyprus">Ancient pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cyprus" title="List of earthquakes in Cyprus">Earthquakes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/17px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/26px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/34px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Cyprus portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Cyprus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Cyprus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_of_the_Amarna_letters._Correspondence_between_a_king_of_Alashiya_and_Amenhotep_III_of_Egypt._Circa_1380_BCE._From_Tell_el-Amarna,_Egypt._Vorderasiatisches_Museum,_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/One_of_the_Amarna_letters._Correspondence_between_a_king_of_Alashiya_and_Amenhotep_III_of_Egypt._Circa_1380_BCE._From_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_Egypt._Vorderasiatisches_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/One_of_the_Amarna_letters._Correspondence_between_a_king_of_Alashiya_and_Amenhotep_III_of_Egypt._Circa_1380_BCE._From_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_Egypt._Vorderasiatisches_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/One_of_the_Amarna_letters._Correspondence_between_a_king_of_Alashiya_and_Amenhotep_III_of_Egypt._Circa_1380_BCE._From_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_Egypt._Vorderasiatisches_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="3530" /></a><figcaption>One of the Amarna letters. Correspondence between a king of Alashiya and Amenhotep III of Egypt. Circa 1380 BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <p>The name of the state, rendered as <i>Alashiya</i>, is found on texts written in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hittite_language" title="Hittite language">Hittite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenaean language">Mycenean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Ugaritic" title="Ugaritic">Ugaritic</a>. The name may be the origin of the later Biblical term <a href="/wiki/Elishah" title="Elishah">Elishah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Granerød2010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granerød2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hittites">Hittites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hittites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 1400 BC, the Hittite king <a href="/wiki/Arnuwanda_I" title="Arnuwanda I">Arnuwanda I</a> chastised his vassal <a href="/wiki/Madduwatta" title="Madduwatta">Madduwatta</a> for raiding Alashiya, asserting that it was Hittite territory. Madduwatta replied that he had been unaware of the Hittite claim:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The father of his Majesty [had never informed] me, [nor] had his Majesty ever informed [me] (thus): ʻThe land of Alasiya is mine— recognize it as such!ʼ<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Although Madduwatta's statement can be interpreted as prevarication, no surviving texts from this period refer to Hittite involvement in Alashiya and the empire's military situation would have made direct control unlikely. Thus, the political reality behind this statement remains unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-978-1589832688_p99_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-978-1589832688_p99-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1200 BC, the Hittite kings <a href="/wiki/Tudhaliya_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudhaliya IV">Tudhaliya IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suppiluliuma_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppiluliuma II">Suppiluliuma II</a> waged military campaigns in Alashiya and forced its king to sign a treaty of submission.<sup id="cite_ref-978-1589832688_p99_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-978-1589832688_p99-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beal-2011-Steadman-McMahon_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beal-2011-Steadman-McMahon-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amarna_letter._%22Message_from_the_king_of_Alashiya,_your_brother%22_to_the_Pharaoh_of_Egypt,_possibly_Akhenaten._C._1350_BCE._From_Tell_e-Amarna,_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Amarna_letter._%22Message_from_the_king_of_Alashiya%2C_your_brother%22_to_the_Pharaoh_of_Egypt%2C_possibly_Akhenaten._C._1350_BCE._From_Tell_e-Amarna%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Amarna_letter._%22Message_from_the_king_of_Alashiya%2C_your_brother%22_to_the_Pharaoh_of_Egypt%2C_possibly_Akhenaten._C._1350_BCE._From_Tell_e-Amarna%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Amarna_letter._%22Message_from_the_king_of_Alashiya%2C_your_brother%22_to_the_Pharaoh_of_Egypt%2C_possibly_Akhenaten._C._1350_BCE._From_Tell_e-Amarna%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3598" data-file-height="5012" /></a><figcaption>Amarna letter. "Message from the king of Alashiya, your brother" to the Pharaoh of Egypt, possibly Akhenaten. Circa 1350 BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. British Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna letters</a> (c. 1350 BC) are from the king or the ministers of Alashiya. They concern mostly the amount of copper that has been sent from Alashiya and requests for <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> in return. One letter refers to 500 talents of copper (probably about 12.5 tons) and makes excuses as to why so little copper has been sent. The <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> is also referred to by the King of Alashiya as his "brother", indicating that the king regarded himself as an equal, probably because of the economic power of his kingdom. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_Anastasi_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papyrus Anastasi IV (page does not exist)">Papyrus Anastasi IV</a>, written several centuries later, also refers to copper (as well as cows) sent from Alashiya to Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extant ending of the <a href="/wiki/Story_of_Wenamun" title="Story of Wenamun">Story of Wenamun</a> records how Wenamun, a priest of Egypt, had been blown off course on the sea journey from <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a> to Egypt and ended up on Alashiya. Wenamun reports that he was almost killed by an angry mob, but was rescued by Hatbi, the "princess of the town". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_Amarna_letters_from_Alashiya">List of Amarna letters from Alashiya</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of Amarna letters from Alashiya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarna_letter_EA_33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amarna letter EA 33 (page does not exist)">EA 33</a>; Title: <i>An Alliance in the Making</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_letter_EA_34" title="Amarna letter EA 34">EA 34</a>; Title: <i>The Pharaoh's reproach answered</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_letter_EA_35" title="Amarna letter EA 35">EA 35</a>; Title: <i><a href="/wiki/Alashiya-King,_to_Pharaoh:_The_Hand_of_(god)-Nergal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alashiya-King, to Pharaoh: The Hand of (god)-Nergal">The hand of Nergal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarna_letter_EA_36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amarna letter EA 36 (page does not exist)">EA 36</a>; Title: <i>More about copper</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarna_letter_EA_37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amarna letter EA 37 (page does not exist)">EA 37</a>; Title: <i>More about silver</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_letter_EA_38" title="Amarna letter EA 38">EA 38</a>; Title: <i><a href="/wiki/A_brotherly_quarrel" class="mw-redirect" title="A brotherly quarrel">A brotherly quarrel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_letter_EA_39" title="Amarna letter EA 39">EA 39</a>; Title: <i><a href="/wiki/Duty-Free" class="mw-redirect" title="Duty-Free">Duty-Free</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarna_letter_EA_40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amarna letter EA 40 (page does not exist)">EA 40</a>; Title: <i>Duty-Free, Governor to Governor</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ugarit">Ugarit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ugarit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In other correspondence, the King of <a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a> pleads for military assistance from the King of Alashiya. Another document from Ugarit records the banishment of two princes to "the land of Alashiya". One further text found at Ugarit may contain a further clue to the location of the capital city of Alashiya, as it could imply that the city was located on a mountain. However, this word has more usually been translated as shore.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recorded name of a Cypriot king is <i>Kushmeshusha</i>, as appears on letters sent to Ugarit in the 13th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Cline2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cline2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identification">Identification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Identification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alashiya was known to be a regional source of copper for other East Mediterranean states, which it traded along maritime routes of the era. Alashiya therefore needs to be situated somewhere where there was sizable Bronze Age copper production, on the coast, and in the East Mediterranean. There are additional clues to its location in surviving texts including references to the King of Alashiya having ships and to the kingdom being raided by <a href="/wiki/Lukka" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukka">Lukka</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars have suggested sites and areas of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> or <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, but it is now generally (although not universally) agreed that Alashiya refers to at least part of Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, it was generally argued that the site of <a href="/wiki/Enkomi_(archaeological_site)" title="Enkomi (archaeological site)">Enkomi</a> was the capital of the kingdom of Alashiya, which covered the entire island of Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The identification of Cyprus with Alashiya was confirmed by the 2003 publication by Goren et al. of an article in the<i> <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a> </i>detailing the <a href="/wiki/Petrographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrographic">petrographic</a> and chemical analysis of a number of the Amarna and Ugaritic letters sent from Alashiya. These examinations of the provenance of the clay used to create the tablets indicate that Syria could not be the location of Alashiya, while clay on Cyprus is a good match. </p><p>However, this analysis showed that the clays did not originate anywhere near the site of Enkomi and that suitable clays are close to the sites of <a href="/wiki/Tenta,_Cyprus" title="Tenta, Cyprus">Kalavasos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alassa" title="Alassa">Alassa</a> (itself a possible cognate of Alashiya). These sites, especially Kalavasos, were also important Late Bronze Age sites and are located close to sources of copper. </p><p>Moreover, Armstrong<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> argues that there is considerable evidence for regional variation and that there is no evidence for a centralized, island-wide political authority on Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age. </p><p>It is therefore currently unclear whether the kingdom of Alashiya comprised the whole of Cyprus, with the capital city moving location (probably starting with Enkomi), or was always sited at Kalavasos, or whether Alashiya comprised only one region of Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKnapp1985" class="citation journal cs1">Knapp, A. Bernard. (1985). "J Article Alashiya, Caphtor/Keftiu, and Eastern Mediterranean Trade: Recent Studies in Cypriote Archaeology and History". <i>Journal of Field Archaeology</i>. <b>12</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">231–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F530294">10.2307/530294</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/530294">530294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Archaeology&rft.atitle=J+Article+Alashiya%2C+Caphtor%2FKeftiu%2C+and+Eastern+Mediterranean+Trade%3A+Recent+Studies+in+Cypriote+Archaeology+and+History&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F530294&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F530294%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=A.+Bernard.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlashiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goren et al. 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0qAoqP4g1fEC&dq=%22Elisha+Alashiya%22&pg=PA3">The expansion of the Greek world, eighth to sixth centuries B.C.</a>, John Boardman, Volume 3 Cambridge Ancient History, Cambridge University Press, 1982, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23447-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23447-6">0-521-23447-6</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-23447-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-23447-4">978-0-521-23447-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Granerød2010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Granerød2010_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Now, this Elishah is often identified with Alashiya in the scholarly literature, an ancient name often associated with Cyprus or a part of the island." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGard_Granerød2010" class="citation book cs1">Gard Granerød (26 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m5mlvNPexSEC&pg=PA116"><i>Abraham and Melchizedek: Scribal Activity of Second Temple Times in Genesis 14 and Psalm 110</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022346-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022346-0"><bdi>978-3-11-022346-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham+and+Melchizedek%3A+Scribal+Activity+of+Second+Temple+Times+in+Genesis+14+and+Psalm+110&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2010-03-26&rft.isbn=978-3-11-022346-0&rft.au=Gard+Graner%C3%B8d&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm5mlvNPexSEC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlashiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeckmanBryceCline2012" class="citation book cs1">Beckman, Gary; Bryce, Trevor; Cline, Eric (2012). <i>The Ahhiyawa Texts</i>. Brill. pp. 69, 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1589832688" title="Special:BookSources/978-1589832688"><bdi>978-1589832688</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ahhiyawa+Texts&rft.pages=69%2C+99&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1589832688&rft.aulast=Beckman&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Bryce%2C+Trevor&rft.au=Cline%2C+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlashiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeckmanBryceCline2012" class="citation book cs1">Beckman, Gary; Bryce, Trevor; Cline, Eric (2012). <i>The Ahhiyawa Texts</i>. Brill. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1589832688" title="Special:BookSources/978-1589832688"><bdi>978-1589832688</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ahhiyawa+Texts&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1589832688&rft.aulast=Beckman&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Bryce%2C+Trevor&rft.au=Cline%2C+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlashiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-978-1589832688_p99-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-978-1589832688_p99_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-978-1589832688_p99_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeckmanBryceCline2012" class="citation book cs1">Beckman, Gary; Bryce, Trevor; Cline, Eric (2012). <i>The Ahhiyawa Texts</i>. Brill. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1589832688" title="Special:BookSources/978-1589832688"><bdi>978-1589832688</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ahhiyawa+Texts&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1589832688&rft.aulast=Beckman&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Bryce%2C+Trevor&rft.au=Cline%2C+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlashiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beal-2011-Steadman-McMahon-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beal-2011-Steadman-McMahon_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeal2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Beal, Richard (2011). "Hittite Anatolia: A Political History". In Steadman, Sharon; McMahon, Gregory (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 594. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780195376142.013.0026">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hittite+Anatolia%3A+A+Political+History&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Ancient+Anatolia&rft.pages=594&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780195376142.013.0026&rft.aulast=Beal&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlashiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knapp 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goren 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cline2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cline2015_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEric_H._Cline2015" class="citation book cs1">Eric H. Cline (22 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_M1bCgAAQBAJ"><i>1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7449-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7449-1"><bdi>978-1-4008-7449-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1177+B.C.%3A+The+Year+Civilization+Collapsed&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-7449-1&rft.au=Eric+H.+Cline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_M1bCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlashiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Armstrong 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wachsmann 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knapp 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Armstrong, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goren et al. 2003; Armstrong 2003</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Armstrong, K. M. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1070632393"><i>Settlement Hierarchy and The Location of Alashiya on Cyprus</i></a>. MA dissertation preprint, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati" title="University of Cincinnati">University of Cincinnati</a>.</li> <li>Buttrick, G. A. and C. M. Laymon. 1971. <i>The Interpreter's One Volume Commentary on the Bible</i>, pp. 13–14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-687-19299-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-687-19299-4">0-687-19299-4</a>.</li> <li>Goren, Y., Bunimovitz, S., Finkelstein, I. and Na'aman, N. 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/246371/The_Location_of_Alashiya_New_Evidence_From_Petrographic_Investigation_of_Alashiyan_Tablets_From_El-Amarna_and_Ugarit"><i>The Location of Alashiya, Petrographic analysis of the tablets</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a> 107:233-255</li> <li>Knapp, A. Bernard. (1985). "J Article Alashiya, Caphtor/Keftiu, and Eastern Mediterranean Trade: Recent Studies in Cypriote Archaeology and History". Journal of Field Archaeology. 12 (2).</li> <li>Knapp, A. B. ed. 1996. <i>Near Eastern and Aegean Texts from the Third to the First Millennia BC.</i> (Translations of all 122 Bronze Age and early Iron Age texts referring to "Alashiya"). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9651704-2-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9651704-2-X">0-9651704-2-X</a></li> <li>Knapp, A. B. 1997. <i>The Archaeology of Late Bronze Age Cypriot Society</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85261-573-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85261-573-6">0-85261-573-6</a></li> <li>Schwemer, D. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7076/1/JANER8%3A1offprint.pdf"><i>The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies (part II)</i></a>. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2008.</li> <li>Wachsmann, S. 1986. <i>Is Cyprus Ancient Alashiya? New Evidence from an Egyptian Tablet</i>. <a href="/wiki/Near_Eastern_Archaeology_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Eastern Archaeology Magazine">The Biblical Archaeologist</a> 49(1):37-40</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041216142400/http://www.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/ash/amulets/cypruscopper/AncCyp-Cu-07.html">Ancient Cyprus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041208191326/http://home.nycap.rr.com/foxmob/lba_cyprus.htm">Cyprus in the Late Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070606044223/http://www.courses.psu.edu/cams/cams400w_aek11/amarnal.html">The Amarna Letters</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&oldid=1262156502">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alashiya&oldid=1262156502</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alashiya" title="Category:Alashiya">Alashiya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amarna_letters_locations" title="Category:Amarna letters locations">Amarna letters locations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze_Age_Cyprus" title="Category:Bronze Age Cyprus">Bronze Age Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sea_Peoples" title="Category:Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Late_Bronze_Age_collapse" title="Category:Late Bronze Age collapse">Late Bronze Age collapse</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Akkadian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Akkadian-language text">Articles containing Akkadian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ugaritic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ugaritic-language text">Articles containing Ugaritic-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 December 2024, at 22:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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