CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Makarios III - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"22a74974-0bca-4d6b-959f-f37df144a972","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Makarios_III","wgTitle":"Makarios III","wgCurRevisionId":1252868474,"wgRevisionId":1252868474,"wgArticleId":358396,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Greek-language sources (el)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from July 2020","All articles needing additional references","Articles containing Greek-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023","All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases", "Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2014","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2007","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Makarios III","1913 births","1977 deaths","Presidents of Cyprus","20th-century presidents of Cyprus","20th-century Eastern Orthodox archbishops","People educated at Pancyprian Gymnasium","People from Paphos District","Archbishops of Cyprus","Cypriot people of the EOKA","Eastern Orthodox Christians from Cyprus","National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni","Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany","Boston University alumni","Exiled politicians","Expatriates in Seychelles"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Makarios_III", "wgRelevantArticleId":358396,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q153509","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1731"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/800px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1154"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/640px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="923"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Makarios III - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Makarios_III rootpage-Makarios_III skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Makarios+III" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Makarios+III" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Makarios+III" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Makarios+III" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life,_studies_and_Church_career_(1913–1950)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life,_studies_and_Church_career_(1913–1950)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life, studies and Church career (1913–1950)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life,_studies_and_Church_career_(1913–1950)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enosis_and_EOKA_(1950–1955)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enosis_and_EOKA_(1950–1955)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Enosis and EOKA (1950–1955)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enosis_and_EOKA_(1950–1955)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile,_escalation_and_Taksim_(1955–1960)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile,_escalation_and_Taksim_(1955–1960)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exile, escalation and <i>Taksim</i> (1955–1960)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile,_escalation_and_Taksim_(1955–1960)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primacy_and_presidency_(1960–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primacy_and_presidency_(1960–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Primacy and presidency (1960–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primacy_and_presidency_(1960–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makarios_and_the_Cyprus_problem_(1964–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makarios_and_the_Cyprus_problem_(1964–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Makarios and the Cyprus problem (1964–1977)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Makarios_and_the_Cyprus_problem_(1964–1977)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Makarios and the Cyprus problem (1964–1977) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Makarios_and_the_Cyprus_problem_(1964–1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deposition_and_return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deposition_and_return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Deposition and return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deposition_and_return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Makarios III</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_(%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5)" title="مكاريوس الثالث (قبرص) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكاريوس الثالث (قبرص)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_Makarios" title="III Makarios – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="III Makarios" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_III_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Макарий III Кипърски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Макарий III Кипърски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak%C3%A0rios_III" title="Makàrios III – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Makàrios III" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III." title="Makarios III. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Makarios III." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_3." title="Makarios 3. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Makarios 3." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III." title="Makarios III. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Makarios III." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak%C3%A1rios_III" title="Makários III – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Makários III" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%84" title="Αρχιεπίσκοπος Κύπρου Μακάριος Γ΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχιεπίσκοπος Κύπρου Μακάριος Γ΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_la_3-a_(Kipro)" title="Makarios la 3-a (Kipro) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Makarios la 3-a (Kipro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III.a" title="Makarios III.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Makarios III.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="ماکاریوس سوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماکاریوس سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak%C3%A1rios_III" title="Makários III – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Makários III" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III_fan_Syprus" title="Makarios III fan Syprus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Makarios III fan Syprus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4_3%EC%84%B8" title="마카리오스 3세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마카리오스 3세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BD_III" title="Մակարիոս III – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մակարիոս III" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III." title="Makarios III. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Makarios III." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makar%C3%ADos_3." title="Makaríos 3. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Makaríos 3." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="מקאריוס השלישי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקאריוס השלישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_III" title="მაკარიოს III – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაკარიოს III" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macarius_III" title="Macarius III – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Macarius III" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Mak%C3%A1riosz_ciprusi_%C3%A9rsek" title="III. Makáriosz ciprusi érsek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Makáriosz ciprusi érsek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मकारियोस तिसरा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मकारियोस तिसरा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="مكاريوس التالت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مكاريوس التالت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III_van_Cyprus" title="Makarios III van Cyprus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Makarios III van Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B93%E4%B8%96" title="マカリオス3世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マカリオス3世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_%E2%85%A2" title="Makarios Ⅲ – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Makarios Ⅲ" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="مکاریوس سوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکاریوس سوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhiepiscopul_Macarie_al_III-lea" title="Arhiepiscopul Macarie al III-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhiepiscopul Macarie al III-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_III" title="Макарий III – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макарий III" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III." title="Makarios III. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Makarios III." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81_III" title="Макариос III – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Макариос III" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Makarios" title="III. Makarios – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Makarios" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%81_III" title="Макаріос III – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Макаріос III" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="مکاریوس سوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکاریوس سوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Makarios III" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="马卡里奥斯三世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马卡里奥斯三世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q153509#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Makarios_III" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Makarios_III"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Makarios_III"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Makarios_III" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Makarios_III" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&oldid=1252868474" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Makarios_III&id=1252868474&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMakarios_III"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMakarios_III"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Makarios_III&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archbishop_Makarios_III_of_Cyprus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q153509" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Greek Cypriot politician and archbishop (1913–1977)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Archbishop Makarios" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Makarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Makarios">Makarios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macarius_III_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Macarius III (disambiguation)">Macarius III</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the current Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Australia, see <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Makarios_of_Australia" title="Archbishop Makarios of Australia">Archbishop Makarios of Australia</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Makarios_III" title="Special:EditPage/Makarios III">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Makarios+III%22">"Makarios III"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Makarios+III%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Makarios+III%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Makarios+III%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Makarios+III%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Makarios+III%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/His_Beatitude" class="mw-redirect" title="His Beatitude">His Beatitude</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Makarios III</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="el"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Μακάριος Γ΄</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/220px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/330px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/440px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1184" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Makarios in 1962</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President of Cyprus</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 August 1960 – 15 July 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%B1l_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk" title="Fazıl Küçük">Fazıl Küçük</a> <small>(1959–1973)</small> <br /><a href="/wiki/Rauf_Denkta%C5%9F" title="Rauf Denktaş">Rauf Denktaş</a> <small>(1973–1974)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Sampson" title="Nikos Sampson">Nikos Sampson</a> <small>(<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a>, acting</i>)</small></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 December 1974 – 3 August 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Vacant</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glafcos_Clerides" title="Glafcos Clerides">Glafcos Clerides</a> <small>(<i>acting</i>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spyros_Kyprianou" title="Spyros Kyprianou">Spyros Kyprianou</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Cyprus">Archbishop of Cyprus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 September 1950 – 3 August 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Makarios_II_of_Cyprus" title="Makarios II of Cyprus">Makarios II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chrysostomos_I_of_Cyprus" title="Chrysostomos I of Cyprus">Chrysostomos I</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Christodoulou Mouskos</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-08-13</span>)</span>13 August 1913<br /><a href="/wiki/Pano_Panayia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pano Panayia">Pano Panayia</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a> <br />(now <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 August 1977<span style="display:none">(1977-08-03)</span> (aged 63)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Mount Throni, <a href="/wiki/Kykkos_Monastery" title="Kykkos Monastery">Kykkos Monastery</a>, Cyprus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">None</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Athens">University of Athens</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergyman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archibishop-makarios-iii-signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Makarios III's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Archibishop-makarios-iii-signature.svg/128px-Archibishop-makarios-iii-signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Archibishop-makarios-iii-signature.svg/192px-Archibishop-makarios-iii-signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Archibishop-makarios-iii-signature.svg/256px-Archibishop-makarios-iii-signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="213" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Makarios III</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Μακάριος Γ΄</span>; born <b>Michael Christodoulou Mouskos</b> [<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Μιχαήλ Χριστοδούλου Μούσκος</span></span>]; 13 August 1913 – 3 August 1977) was a <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Cypriot">Greek Cypriot</a> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primate</a>, statesman and politician who served as the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President of Cyprus</a> between 1960 and July 1974, with a second term between December 1974 and 1977. He was also the Archbishop of the <a href="/wiki/Autocephalous" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocephalous">autocephalous</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a> from 1950 to 1977. </p><p>He is widely regarded as the <a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation" title="Father of the Nation">founding father</a>, or "<a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">Ethnarch</a>", of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a>, leading its transition from <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British colonial rule</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_studies_and_Church_career_(1913–1950)"><span id="Early_life.2C_studies_and_Church_career_.281913.E2.80.931950.29"></span>Early life, studies and Church career (1913–1950)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, studies and Church career (1913–1950)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michael Christodoulou Mouskos was born in <a href="/wiki/Panayia_village" class="mw-redirect" title="Panayia village">Panayia village</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Paphos_District" title="Paphos District">Paphos District</a>. In 1926, aged 13, he was admitted to <a href="/wiki/Kykkos_Monastery" title="Kykkos Monastery">Kykkos Monastery</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">novice</a>. At age 20 he was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Pancyprian_Gymnasium" title="Pancyprian Gymnasium">Pancyprian Gymnasium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> where he completed his secondary education in 1936. He studied theology and law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Athens">University of Athens</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, graduating in 1942. He took up the duties of a <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> in the Cypriot Orthodox Church while sustaining an interest in academic theology; he received a <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a> scholarship to undertake further study at <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. </p><p>In 1948, while still studying at <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, he was elected <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> against his will. Mouskos adopted, as his clerical name, an old Greek given name <i>Makários</i> (Μακάριος) meaning "happy, fortunate, blessed". He then returned to <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. Like many public figures in the Greek Cypriot community in Cyprus, in the 1940s and 1950s he was an active supporter of <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a>, the union of Cyprus with <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enosis_and_EOKA_(1950–1955)"><span id="Enosis_and_EOKA_.281950.E2.80.931955.29"></span>Enosis and EOKA (1950–1955)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Enosis and EOKA (1950–1955)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 18 September 1950, Makarios, only 37 years old, was elected <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Cyprus">Archbishop of Cyprus</a>. In this role he was not only the official head of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a> in Cyprus, but became the <a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">Ethnarch</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> national leader of Cypriots. This highly influential position put Makarios at the centre of Cypriot politics. </p><p>During the 1950s, Makarios embraced his dual role as Archbishop and Ethnarch with enthusiasm and became a very popular figure among Greek Cypriots. He soon became a leading advocate for <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a> (the unification of Cyprus with Greece), and during the early part of the decade he maintained close links with the Greek government. In August 1954, partly at Makarios' instigation, Greece began to raise the question of Cyprus at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, arguing for the principle of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> to be applied to Cyprus. This was viewed by advocates of enosis as likely to result in the voluntary union of Cyprus with Greece following a public <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>. </p><p>However, the British government was reluctant to <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonise</a> the island which had become their new headquarters for the Middle East. In 1955, a pro-enosis organization was formed under the banner of <a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston</a> (National Organization of Cypriot Fighters), or EOKA. This was a typical independence movement of the period. Makarios undoubtedly had common political ground with EOKA and was acquainted with its leader, the Greek-Cypriot soldier and politician <a href="/wiki/George_Grivas" class="mw-redirect" title="George Grivas">George Grivas</a>, but the extent of his involvement is unclear and disputed. In later life he categorically denied any involvement in the violent resistance undertaken by EOKA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile,_escalation_and_Taksim_(1955–1960)"><span id="Exile.2C_escalation_and_Taksim_.281955.E2.80.931960.29"></span>Exile, escalation and <i>Taksim</i> (1955–1960)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Exile, escalation and Taksim (1955–1960)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cypriot intercommunal violence</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Makarios_III" title="Special:EditPage/Makarios III">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 20 August 1955, Greece submitted a petition to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> requesting the application of the principle of self-determination to the people of Cyprus. After that, the colonial government of Cyprus enforced the anti-<a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> laws for the purpose of preventing or suppressing demonstrations in favor of union with Greece; but the archbishop defied them and continued demanding self-determination for Cyprus. </p><p>In October 1955, with the security situation deteriorating, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Harding,_1st_Baron_Harding_of_Petherton" title="John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton">Sir John Harding</a>, opened talks on the island's future. By this stage, Makarios had become closely identified with the insurgency, and talks broke up without any agreement in early 1956. Makarios, vilified in the British press<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and viewed with suspicion by the British authorities, was abducted by <a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Metropolitan_Police)" title="Special Branch (Metropolitan Police)">Special Branch</a> officers while attempting to board a flight at <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> airport. The joint police/military plan, codenamed Operation Apollo, saw Makarios exiled to <a href="/wiki/Mahe_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahe Island">Mahe Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="British Seychelles">Seychelles</a> on 9 March 1956, as a 'guest' of Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Addis_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Addis (governor)">William Addis</a>, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Seychelles. The Archbishop and his staff were flown to <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a> and then on to <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>. At the Kenyan port the party were embarked in the East African Naval Vessel <i>Rosalind</i>, escorted by the frigate <a href="/wiki/HMS_Loch_Fada_(K390)" title="HMS Loch Fada (K390)">HMS <i>Loch Fada</i></a>. The flotilla arrived in <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Port Victoria</a> on 14 March. </p><p>In the latter years of the 1950s, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriot</a> community first began to float the idea of <i><a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">Taksim</a></i> or partition, as a counterweight to the Greek ideal of <i>enosis</i> or union. Advocates of <i>Taksim</i> felt that the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot">Turkish Cypriot</a> community would be persecuted in a Greek Cyprus, and that only by keeping part of the island under either British or <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> sovereignty could the safety of the Turkish Cypriots be guaranteed. In this way the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a> became increasingly polarized between two communities with opposing visions of the future of the island. </p><p>Makarios was released from exile after a year, although he was still forbidden to return to Cyprus. He went instead to <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, where he was rapturously received. Basing himself in the Greek capital, he continued to work for enosis. During the following two years he attended the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">General Assembly of the United Nations</a> where the Cyprus question was discussed; and he worked hard to achieve union with Greece. </p><p>Under the premiership of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Karamanlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Karamanlis">Constantine Karamanlis</a> in Greece, the goal of enosis was gradually abandoned in favour of Cypriot independence. Negotiations in 1958 generated the <a href="/wiki/London_and_Z%C3%BCrich_Agreements" title="London and Zürich Agreements">Zurich Agreement</a> as a basis for a deal on independence, and Makarios was invited to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1959 to fine-tune the plan. Makarios at first refused to accept the plan. The reversal of his self-determination or enosis stance, and his eventual agreement to sign the conditions for the independence of Cyprus, have been attributed to blackmail on behalf of the Greek and British governments. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A 1965 article in the Western Political Quarterly described the constitution as "wobbly", and attributed the civil conflict of 1963 to this quality.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 March 1959, the archbishop returned to Cyprus to an unprecedented reception in <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, where almost two-thirds of the adult Greek Cypriot population turned out to welcome him. <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_presidential_election,_1959" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot presidential election, 1959">Presidential elections</a> were held on 13 December 1959, in which Makarios defeated<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his rival, lawyer <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Clerides" title="Ioannis Clerides">Ioannis Klerides</a>, father of future president and Makarios ally <a href="/wiki/Glafkos_Klerides" class="mw-redirect" title="Glafkos Klerides">Glafkos Klerides</a>, receiving two-thirds of the vote. Makarios was to become the political leader of all Cyprus as well as the communal leader of the Greek Cypriots. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primacy_and_presidency_(1960–1963)"><span id="Primacy_and_presidency_.281960.E2.80.931963.29"></span>Primacy and presidency (1960–1963)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Primacy and presidency (1960–1963)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013004-0007,_Berlin,_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013004-0007%2C_Berlin%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013004-0007%2C_Berlin%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013004-0007%2C_Berlin%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013004-0007%2C_Berlin%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013004-0007%2C_Berlin%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013004-0007%2C_Berlin%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>President Makarios during a state visit to <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> in 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>After his election Makarios, together with the vice-president-elect, <a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%B1l_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk" title="Fazıl Küçük">Fazıl Küçük</a>, continued to draw up plans for Cyprus's future. By now, Makarios had accepted that enosis was not to be, and that the only outcome which could secure harmony in Cyprus was robust independence. Taking office on 16 August 1960, the day the <a href="/wiki/Union_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a> was lowered in Nicosia, Makarios moved towards the moderate centre of <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Cypriot politics</a> and now pursued a policy of <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">non-alignment</a>, cultivating good relations with Turkey as well as Greece and becoming a high-profile member of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> (NAM). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS.jpg/220px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS.jpg/330px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS.jpg/440px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2411" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Mayor <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Wagner, Jr.">Robert F. Wagner, Jr.</a> greets Archbishop Makarios at <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F012969-0006,_Bonn,_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F012969-0006%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F012969-0006%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F012969-0006%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F012969-0006%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F012969-0006%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F012969-0006%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Zypern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>President Makarios in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> during a state visit to <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1961, Cyprus was admitted as a member state of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> and Makarios represented the island at the <a href="/wiki/1961_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Conference" title="1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference">1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference</a>. He attended the <a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> in September 1961, and troubled the governments in London and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> with his lukewarm policy towards the West. During his stay in Belgrade, alongside the conference he also led the liturgical celebration at the <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Belgrade" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade">St. Michael's Cathedral</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stubbs_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stubbs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was seen in the U.S. as demonstrating a tendency towards <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Makarios was now being vilified in the American press as the "<a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Castro</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although he had by now been rehabilitated in the British press and was affectionately nicknamed "Black Mak" on account of his clerical garb. </p><p>But the idea of an independent path for Cyprus had not taken root among the general public at home. There was increasing acrimony between Turkish and Greek Cypriots about the workings of the constitution, and Makarios was forced to act to salvage the machinery of state from imminent collapse. In November 1963, Makarios <a href="/wiki/13_Amendments_proposed_by_Makarios_III" class="mw-redirect" title="13 Amendments proposed by Makarios III">proposed thirteen amendments</a> to the Constitution, which would free many public offices from the ethnic restrictions agreed in London and Zurich. This, he argued, would allow the government to operate more efficiently, and bring together the communities by dissolving rigid inter-ethnic legal boundaries. However, the amendments were seen by many Turkish Cypriots as threatening constitutional protections against domination by the majority Greek Cypriots.<sup id="cite_ref-REJECTION_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REJECTION-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to Makarios' proposals, most Turkish Cypriots in public office, including Vice-President Küçük, resigned; large numbers of Turkish Cypriots moved out of ethnically mixed areas into villages and towns where the population was already largely Turkish Cypriot. There is still dispute over the motives for this, some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2014)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> arguing that it was made necessary by the intimidation of the Turkish Cypriots by the Greek Cypriots; others<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2014)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> suggest that the Turkish community was sabotaging the Cypriot settlement and already preparing for partition by Turkey<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. By the end of 1963, intercommunal violence had broken out once again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Makarios_and_the_Cyprus_problem_(1964–1977)"><span id="Makarios_and_the_Cyprus_problem_.281964.E2.80.931977.29"></span>Makarios and the Cyprus problem (1964–1977)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Makarios and the Cyprus problem (1964–1977)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Makarios_III" title="Special:EditPage/Makarios III">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The political landscape in Cyprus remained intractable. UN peacekeeping operations (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus">UNFICYP</a>) commenced in 1964 and helped to soothe, but not solve, the situation. Makarios continued his high-profile neutrality, but ultimately failed either to reassure the Turkish Cypriots that they were safe in an independent Cyprus, or to convince the Greek Cypriots that independence was a satisfactory alternative to assimilation within a Greater Greece. </p><p>President Makarios, seeking a fresh mandate from his constituency, announced in January 1968 that elections would be held during February. Makarios received 220,911 votes (about 96 percent), and his opponent, <a href="/wiki/Takis_Evdokas" title="Takis Evdokas">Takis Evdokas</a>, who ran on a platform for unification with Greece, received 8,577 votes. Even though there were 16,215 abstentions, Makarios' overwhelming victory was seen as a massive endorsement of his personal leadership and of an independent Cyprus. At his investiture, the president stated that the Cyprus problem could not be solved by force, but had to be worked out within the framework of the UN. He also said that he and his followers wanted to live peacefully in a unitary state where all citizens enjoyed equal rights. Some Cypriots opposed Makarios' conciliatory stance (and there was an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate him in 1970).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, a <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967-1974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967-1974">military junta</a> <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27etat" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup d'etat">seized power</a> in Athens, and the relationship between the regime and Makarios was tense. Makarios held that the regime undermined his authority by supporting <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramilitary organizations">paramilitary organizations</a> committed to enosis. </p><p>During the summer of 1971, tension built up between the two Cypriot communities, and incidents became more numerous. Sometime in the late summer or early autumn, Grivas (who had attacked Makarios as a traitor in an Athens newspaper) returned secretly to the island and began to rebuild his guerrilla organization, which became known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (<i>Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B</i>, aka <a href="/wiki/EOKA_B" title="EOKA B">EOKA B</a>). Three new newspapers advocating enosis were also established; all of these activities were funded by the military junta in Greece. </p><p>The junta probably would have agreed to some form of partition similar to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acheson_Plan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acheson Plan (page does not exist)">Acheson Plan</a> to settle the Cyprus question, but it faced rejection by Makarios.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The overthrow of Makarios became the primary objective, and the junta backed Grivas toward that end. From hiding, Grivas directed terrorist attacks and propaganda assaults that shook the Makarios government<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, but the president remained both a powerful and popular leader. </p><p>Relations between Nicosia and Athens were so bad that the colonels of the Greek junta, recognizing that they had Makarios in a perilous position, issued an ultimatum to him. They demanded that he purge his government of ministers who had been critical of the junta. Mass demonstrations proved that Makarios had the people behind him.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the end, however, Makarios bowed to Greek pressure and reshuffled the cabinet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another element working against Makarios was the fact that most officers of the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a> were Greek regulars who supported the junta, and they embraced its desire to remove him from office and achieve some degree of enosis. The veteran Grivas also continued to be a threat to the archbishop. He remained powerful and to some extent was independent of the junta that had permitted his return to Cyprus. While the Greek colonels were at times prepared to make a deal with Turkey about Cyprus, Grivas was ferociously opposed to any arrangement that did not lead to complete enosis. </p><p>In the spring of 1972, Makarios faced <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical coup">an attack from another quarter</a>. The three bishops of the Church of Cyprus demanded that he resign as president, stating that his temporal duties violated canon law. Makarios foiled the three bishops and had them defrocked in the summer of 1973. Before choosing their replacements, he increased the number of bishops to five, thereby reducing the power of individual bishops. </p><p>As time progressed Grivas' pursuit of enosis through guerrilla tactics with the use of the EOKA-B's paramilitary organisation failed to force Makarios to follow the policy of self-determination-union with Greece and led to a period of armed civil war in Cyprus among the Greek-Cypriot community. By the end of 1973 Makarios forces had won the civil struggle and Grivas was in a desperate position. In November 1973, <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Ioannidis" title="Dimitrios Ioannidis">Dimitrios Ioannidis</a>, the hardliner nationalist brigadier, overthrew <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Georgios Papadopoulos</a> (Greece's President since 1967) and established the Second Junta, with himself as the "invisible dictator". Grivas tried to contact the new regime in Greece in the end of 1973; but Ioannidis refused to give any immediate indication as to what his intentions in Cyprus were. On 27 January 1974, Grivas died of a heart attack, uncertain to the end of Ioannidis' plans.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile Makarios took advantage of Grivas' demise by granting an amnesty to the dead leader's followers. He hoped and believed that with Grivas gone, EOKA-B would disappear as a guerrilla force and could be politically tamed. Numerous EOKA-B members did actually accept the amnesty's terms, but this merely increased the hardliners' influence within the remainder of the movement. Ioannidis finally disclosed his aims: he imposed on the organisation a secret memorandum, by which EOKA-B would be committed to deposing Makarios. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deposition_and_return">Deposition and return</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Deposition and return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">1974 Cypriot coup d'état</a></div> <p>On 3 May 1974, Makarios sent the Greek government a letter that identified certain Greek military officers stationed in Cyprus as undermining the Cypriot government. The Greek regime responded that it would withdraw the officers in question. In the second half of June 1974, Makarios decided to take the initiative and challenge Athens directly. He believed that he could eliminate the junta's control of Cyprus by forcing the Cypriot National Guard to remain loyal to himself. On 2 July 1974 he wrote to the Athens colonels a letter which demanded that all Greek officers depart from the island within 19 days. Greek Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Tetenes" title="Spyridon Tetenes">Spyridon Tetenes</a> suggested, as a compromise, that Makarios personally select the substitute officers from a roster of Greek officers; however Makarios refused this. On 11 July, Glafkos Klerides (by this stage the speaker of the Cypriot parliament) visited Makarios in an unsuccessful attempt to promote a solution. </p><p>Four days later, Ioannidis took Makarios by surprise by organizing a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> in Nicosia at 8.15 am, when Makarios's forces were off guard. Makarios escaped to <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a> and was rescued by a British helicopter. He fled Cyprus when the pro-Greek forces took control of the whole of the island; at first there were false reports that he had been slain (cf. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>, 16 July 1974, p. 1). <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Sampson" title="Nikos Sampson">Nikos Sampson</a>, a Nicosia-based newspaper editor and parliamentarian with a long-standing commitment to enosis, was installed as president in Makarios' stead. </p><p>Speaking to the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> on 19 July, Makarios denounced the coup as an "invasion", engineered by the Greek military junta, which "violated the internal peace of Cyprus".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five hours after Makarios' address to the Security Council, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a> began, taking Ioannidis by surprise. Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guarantee_(1960)" title="Treaty of Guarantee (1960)">Treaty of Guarantee</a>, Britain, Greece and Turkey were entitled to co-operate in order to intervene with the purpose of restoring the constitution of the island. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StatueArchbishopMakariosIIINikosKotziamanisMar162023_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/StatueArchbishopMakariosIIINikosKotziamanisMar162023_04.jpg/280px-StatueArchbishopMakariosIIINikosKotziamanisMar162023_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/StatueArchbishopMakariosIIINikosKotziamanisMar162023_04.jpg/420px-StatueArchbishopMakariosIIINikosKotziamanisMar162023_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/StatueArchbishopMakariosIIINikosKotziamanisMar162023_04.jpg/560px-StatueArchbishopMakariosIIINikosKotziamanisMar162023_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The statue of Archbishop Makarios III near the <a href="/wiki/Kykkos_Monastery" title="Kykkos Monastery">Kykkos Monastery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At this time the Greek junta was imploding, and the British government (led since February 1974 by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>) was facing the constitutional uncertainty of a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a>; moreover, according to the Greek diplomat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ange_Vlachos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ange Vlachos (page does not exist)">Ange Vlachos</a>, while in London Makarios lobbied for the British military not to intervene as a guarantor power.<sup id="cite_ref-Ange_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ange-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The testimony of Vlachos is not supported by the confidential minutes of the meeting of Makarios and Prime Minister Wilson on 17 July 1974. According to the minutes, Makarios urged Wilson to convey to the Turkish Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a>, "what practical measures can be taken. It is against the Turkish interests for Cyprus to become part of Greece."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a> occurred on 20 July, five days after the coup. As of 2023 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> remains occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Army">Turkish Army</a>, despite the constitution and presidency having been restored. To <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a> the invasion is still known as a "peace operation", designed to protect the Turkish Cypriot community. Although, according to the case of Cyprus v Turkey in the European Court of Human Rights, the "peace operation" amounted to armed conflict (as modern international law refrains from using the word war <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) between the Greek-Cypriot population of the island and Turkey. </p><p>Sampson's presidency was short-lived, because the regime of Ioannidis in Athens collapsed only a few days after the Turkish invasion. It was noted at the time that Turkey threatened to invade Greece, and that the colonels suddenly had to concentrate on trying to defend the country, rather than staying in power. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The regime's failure to predict or prevent the Turkish intervention severely weakened its legitimacy and authority. Unsupported, Sampson resigned on 23 July and the presidency passed to Glafkos Klerides. Makarios remained in London for five months; then, having succeeded in securing international recognition that his administration was the rightful government of the whole island, he returned to Cyprus and with the focus of restoring Cypriot territory. He was not successful, and Turkey has remained as an occupying power ever since, with the political, military and diplomatic status of the island unresolved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumba_de_Makarios1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tumba_de_Makarios1.jpg/220px-Tumba_de_Makarios1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tumba_de_Makarios1.jpg/330px-Tumba_de_Makarios1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tumba_de_Makarios1.jpg/440px-Tumba_de_Makarios1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Makarios's tomb</figcaption></figure> <p>Makarios III died of a heart attack on 3 August 1977, having experienced heart problems earlier that year, likely associated with many years of heavy smoking. Makarios' heart was removed during an autopsy, and has since been preserved in his former bedroom in the Archbishop's Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in a tomb on Mount Throni, as per his wishes. The tomb is near <a href="/wiki/Kykkos_Monastery" title="Kykkos Monastery">Kykkos Monastery</a>, where he was a novice in the 1920s and 1930s. </p><p>At his funeral in <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Cathedral,_Nicosia" title="St. John's Cathedral, Nicosia">Saint John's Cathedral</a> outside the Archbishopric in Nicosia, 182 dignitaries from 52 countries attended while an estimated 250,000 mourners—about half the Greek Cypriot population of the island—filed past his coffin. </p><p>To commemorate his life, an imposing bronze statue of Makarios was erected outside the Archbishop's Palace in Nicosia; in 2008 the statue was moved to Kykkos Monastery and replaced by a life-size marble statue of Makarios. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nile" title="Order of the Nile">Order of the Nile</a><sup id="cite_ref-decorations_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decorations-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Special class of the Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-decorations_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decorations-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Master of the Order of Orthodox Hospitallers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Foreign relations of Cyprus</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/21px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/42px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although Independent, Makarios was aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Cyprus)" title="Democratic Party (Cyprus)">Democratic Party</a> (DIKO).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVarnavaMichael2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrekos_Varnava" title="Andrekos Varnava">Varnava, Andrekos</a>; Michael, Michalis N. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VtAwBwAAQBAJ&q=Polycarpos+Ioannides&pg=PA261"><i>The Archbishops of Cyprus in the Modern Age: The Changing Role of the Archbishop-Ethnarch, their Identities and Politics</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443850810" title="Special:BookSources/9781443850810"><bdi>9781443850810</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archbishops+of+Cyprus+in+the+Modern+Age%3A+The+Changing+Role+of+the+Archbishop-Ethnarch%2C+their+Identities+and+Politics&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781443850810&rft.aulast=Varnava&rft.aufirst=Andrekos&rft.au=Michael%2C+Michalis+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVtAwBwAAQBAJ%26q%3DPolycarpos%2BIoannides%26pg%3DPA261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Cyprus Before the United Nations: Communications, Press Statements, and Memoranda on the Cyprus Question</i>. Royal Greek Embassy, Information Service. 1959. p. 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Before+the+United+Nations%3A+Communications%2C+Press+Statements%2C+and+Memoranda+on+the+Cyprus+Question&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Royal+Greek+Embassy%2C+Information+Service&rft.date=1959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1966" class="citation journal cs1">Adams, T. (Sep 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/444709">"The First Republic of Cyprus: A Review of an Unworkable Constitution"</a>. <i>Western Political Quarterly</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 475–490. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F106591296601900303">10.1177/106591296601900303</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/444709">444709</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154423179">154423179</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Political+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+First+Republic+of+Cyprus%3A+A+Review+of+an+Unworkable+Constitution&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=475-490&rft.date=1966-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154423179%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F444709%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F106591296601900303&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F444709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1959-02-26_Crisis_Ends"><i>Crisis Ends. 3 Nations Rejoice At Cyprus Settlement, 1959/02/26 (1959)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Newsreel" title="Universal Newsreel">Universal Newsreel</a>. 1959<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crisis+Ends.+3+Nations+Rejoice+At+Cyprus+Settlement%2C+1959%2F02%2F26+%281959%29&rft.pub=Universal+Newsreel&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1959-02-26_Crisis_Ends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stubbs-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stubbs_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMila_Turajlić2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mila_Turajli%C4%87" title="Mila Turajlić">Mila Turajlić</a> (2023). "Film as the Memory Site of the 1961 Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States". In Paul Stubbs (ed.). <i>Socialist Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement: Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic Imaginaries</i>. <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>. pp. 203–231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780228014652" title="Special:BookSources/9780228014652"><bdi>9780228014652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Film+as+the+Memory+Site+of+the+1961+Belgrade+Conference+of+Non-Aligned+States&rft.btitle=Socialist+Yugoslavia+and+the+Non-Aligned+Movement%3A+Social%2C+Cultural%2C+Political%2C+and+Economic+Imaginaries&rft.pages=203-231&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780228014652&rft.au=Mila+Turajli%C4%87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/cyprus2.htm">"Turkey's Invasion of Greek Cyprus"</a>. GlobalSecurity.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>. <q>Makarios began to seek support among Greek Cypriots – even those in the communist party – who rejected enosis, at least for the near future, in favour of an independent, nonaligned Cyprus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Invasion+of+Greek+Cyprus&rft.pub=GlobalSecurity.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fwar%2Fcyprus2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101107145109/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB123.pdf">"War in the Balkans, 1991–2002"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB123.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-11-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=War+in+the+Balkans%2C+1991%E2%80%932002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil%2Fpdffiles%2FPUB123.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-REJECTION-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-REJECTION_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/www.cyprus-conflict.net/narrative-main-%203.html">The Main Narrative, continued</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070217102905/http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/www.cyprus-conflict.net/narrative-main-%203.html">Archived</a> 17 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Cyprus Conflict</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitchett1977" class="citation news cs1">Fitchett, Joseph (4 August 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/08/04/makarios-cypriot-nationalism-incarnate/24ef5cf9-3d6a-40b8-ae59-28206e5ec588/">"Makarios: Cypriot Nationalism Incarnate"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. The Washington Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Makarios%3A+Cypriot+Nationalism+Incarnate&rft.date=1977-08-04&rft.aulast=Fitchett&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1977%2F08%2F04%2Fmakarios-cypriot-nationalism-incarnate%2F24ef5cf9-3d6a-40b8-ae59-28206e5ec588%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Tragic Duel and the Betrayal of Cyprus</i>, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Makarios Assails Greek Junta, Asks U.N. for All Possible Aid". <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 20 July 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Makarios+Assails+Greek+Junta%2C+Asks+U.N.+for+All+Possible+Aid&rft.date=1974-07-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ange-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ange_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ange S. Vlachos, <i>Graduation 1974,</i> Oceanis 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Μάριος Αδαμίδης (Marios Adamidis) (2011). Η Τραγική Αναμέτρηση και η Προδοσία της Κύπρου. (eBook)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Markides, Constantine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=29065&archive=1">"Macabre battle over Makarios' heart"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070521031432/http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=29065&archive=1">Archived</a> 21 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Mail" title="Cyprus Mail">Cyprus Mail</a></i>, 16 November 2006. Accessed 15 October 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-decorations-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-decorations_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-decorations_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524003148/http://www.imkykkou.com.cy/diapr_adelfoi.shtml">"Makarios' biography"</a> (in Greek). <a href="/wiki/Kykkos_Monastery" title="Kykkos Monastery">Kykkos Monastery</a> homepage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imkykkou.com.cy/diapr_adelfoi.shtml">the original</a> on 24 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Makarios%27+biography&rft.pub=Kykkos+Monastery+homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imkykkou.com.cy%2Fdiapr_adelfoi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakarios+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christopher Hitchens, <i>Cyprus</i>, Quartet Books 1984</li> <li>Glafkos Klerides, <i>My Deposition</i>, Alithia Publishing 1992</li> <li>John Reddaway, <i>Burdened with Cyprus: The British Connection</i>, Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1986</li> <li>P.N. Vanezis, <i>Makarios: Faith & Power</i>, Abelard-Schuman 1971</li> <li>Ange S. Vlachos, <i>Graduation 1974,</i> Oceanis 2001</li> <li>Nigel West (Rupert Allason), <i>The Friends: Britain's Post-War Secret Intelligence Operations</i>, Coronet 1990 (OP)</li> <li>Marios Adamides, "H Tgagiki Anametrisi kai i Prodosia tis Kyprou", 2011, Library of Congress, Washington- Shelf Location FLS2015 186850 CALL NUMBER DS54.9 .A345 2011 OVERFLOWJ34 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms (FLS2)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archbishop_Makarios_III_of_Cyprus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus">Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831071605/http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/makarios%20-%20interview%20with%20fallaci.htm">Text of Makarios III's famous interview</a> with <a href="/wiki/Oriana_Fallaci" title="Oriana Fallaci">Oriana Fallaci</a>, given in 1974</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newssearch.bbc.co.uk/cgi-bin/search/results.pl?scope=otd&tab=otd&order=sortboth&q=Makarios">A series of stories</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> relating to Makarios</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.threemonkeysonline.com/article_archbishop_makarios_richard_gilbert.htm">Your Beatitude, Mr President – interviewing Makarios 1964.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/makarios_tillyrides_makarios_legacy.htm">The Makarios Legacy in Kenya</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;">Religious titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Makarios_II_of_Cyprus" title="Makarios II of Cyprus">Makarios II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Cyprus">Archbishop of Cyprus</a> </b><br />1950–1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Chrysostomos_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop Chrysostomos I">Chrysostomos I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President of Cyprus</a> </b><br />1960–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Sampson" title="Nikos Sampson">Nikos Sampson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Glafcos_Clerides" title="Glafcos Clerides">Glafcos Clerides</a></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/Interim_president" class="mw-redirect" title="Interim president">interim president</a> </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President of Cyprus</a> </b><br />1974–1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Spyros_Kyprianou" title="Spyros Kyprianou">Spyros Kyprianou</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_Cyprus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Cyprus" title="Template:Presidents of Cyprus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Cyprus" title="Template talk:Presidents of Cyprus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Cyprus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Cyprus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Cyprus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Presidents of Cyprus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makarios III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glafcos_Clerides" title="Glafcos Clerides">Glafcos Clerides</a> (acting)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makarios III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyros_Kyprianou" title="Spyros Kyprianou">Spyros Kyprianou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vassiliou" title="George Vassiliou">George Vassiliou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glafcos_Clerides" title="Glafcos Clerides">Glafcos Clerides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassos_Papadopoulos" title="Tassos Papadopoulos">Tassos Papadopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetris_Christofias" title="Demetris Christofias">Demetris Christofias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicos_Anastasiades" title="Nicos Anastasiades">Nicos Anastasiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cyprus"><img alt="Flag of Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/50px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/75px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/100px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153509#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153509#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153509#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109090637">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64092688">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52561/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcWpGDFtBY4yqPDV4XyBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118730320">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80038108">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12409001n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12409001n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00448571">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2007400998&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4680459">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p126920052">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=23248">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810530301505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/286878">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007421948405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118730320.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118730320">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033199299">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582875">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&oldid=1252868474">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&oldid=1252868474</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Makarios_III" title="Category:Makarios III">Makarios III</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_births" title="Category:1913 births">1913 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1977_deaths" title="Category:1977 deaths">1977 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Presidents of Cyprus">Presidents of Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_presidents_of_Cyprus" title="Category:20th-century presidents of Cyprus">20th-century presidents of Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Eastern_Orthodox_archbishops" title="Category:20th-century Eastern Orthodox archbishops">20th-century Eastern Orthodox archbishops</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Pancyprian_Gymnasium" title="Category:People educated at Pancyprian Gymnasium">People educated at Pancyprian Gymnasium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Paphos_District" title="Category:People from Paphos District">People from Paphos District</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archbishops_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Archbishops of Cyprus">Archbishops of Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cypriot_people_of_the_EOKA" title="Category:Cypriot people of the EOKA">Cypriot people of the EOKA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodox_Christians_from_Cyprus" title="Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Cyprus">Eastern Orthodox Christians from Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens_alumni" title="Category:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni">National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_Special_Class_of_the_Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Category:Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boston_University_alumni" title="Category:Boston University alumni">Boston University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Exiled_politicians" title="Category:Exiled politicians">Exiled politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Expatriates_in_Seychelles" title="Category:Expatriates in Seychelles">Expatriates in Seychelles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Greek-language_sources_(el)" title="Category:CS1 Greek-language sources (el)">CS1 Greek-language sources (el)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2020">Articles needing additional references from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_October_2014" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2014">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2007" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2007">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 07:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makarios_III&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-55db797859-sb54s","wgBackendResponseTime":164,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.878","walltime":"1.166","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13831,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":110984,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14620,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":72009,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1067.485 1 -total"," 26.15% 279.106 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 13.92% 148.630 1 Template:Reflist"," 9.73% 103.813 1 Template:Langx"," 9.70% 103.597 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 8.02% 85.636 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.76% 82.864 3 Template:Cite_book"," 7.25% 77.437 1 Template:CypriotPresidents"," 6.11% 65.249 1 Template:Navbox"," 5.51% 58.804 3 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.541","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25993590,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7b4fbf584f-z5bww","timestamp":"20241218032030","ttl":1197586,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Makarios III","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makarios_III","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q153509","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q153509","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-11-06T19:01:48Z","dateModified":"2024-10-23T07:57:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5e\/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg","headline":"Archbishop primate, primate & 1st President of Cyprus (1913\u20131977)"}</script> </body> </html>