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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>From Progressive Party to Independent Liberals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Progressive_Party_to_Independent_Liberals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shinui,_Democratic_Movement,_Shinui,_Hetz,_Yesh_Atid,_Hosen_and_minor_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shinui,_Democratic_Movement,_Shinui,_Hetz,_Yesh_Atid,_Hosen_and_minor_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Shinui, Democratic Movement, Shinui, Hetz, Yesh Atid, Hosen and minor parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shinui,_Democratic_Movement,_Shinui,_Hetz,_Yesh_Atid,_Hosen_and_minor_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Splits_from_and_mergers_into_Likud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Splits_from_and_mergers_into_Likud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Splits from and mergers into Likud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Splits_from_and_mergers_into_Likud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zehut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zehut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Zehut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zehut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberal_party_factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_party_factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Liberal party factions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_party_factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Liberalism in Israel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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style="width:22.0em; border:4px double #C5C12B; background:var( --background-color-base, #FFFFFF ); color: var( --color-base, inherit );"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Liberalism" title="Category:Liberalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Yellow" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/75px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/113px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/150px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_liberal_theorists" title="List of liberal theorists">List of liberal theorists</a> (contributions to liberal theory)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">Due process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_globalization" title="Economic globalization">Economic globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Equality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">Legal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_principle" title="Harm principle">Harm principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negative_liberty" title="Negative liberty">Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_liberty" title="Positive liberty">Positive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_monopoly" title="Natural monopoly">Natural monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permissive_society" title="Permissive society">Permissive society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">Public</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">Civil and political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural and legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">To own property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">To bear arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_services" title="Social services">Social services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_history" title="Whig history">Whig history</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_liberal_theorists" title="List of liberal theorists">Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Korais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_De_Gouges" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympe De Gouges">De Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_List" title="Friedrich List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Martineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton,_1st_Baron_Acton" title="John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton">Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Hobhouse" title="Leonard Hobhouse">Hobhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Cassirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._Collingwood" title="R. G. Collingwood">Collingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_%C4%8Capek" title="Karel Čapek">Čapek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Shih" title="Hu Shih">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Kymlicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raif_Badawi" title="Raif Badawi">Badawi</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Kołłątaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigas" title="José Gervasio Artigas">Artigas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Macaulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Kossuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_De%C3%A1k_(politician)" title="Ferenc Deák (politician)">Deák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cobden" title="Richard Cobden">Cobden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Sarmiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itagaki_Taisuke" title="Itagaki Taisuke">Itagaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Levski" title="Vasil Levski">Levski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam%C4%B1k_Kemal" title="Namık Kemal">Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Milyukov" title="Pavel Milyukov">Milyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg">Ståhlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Rathenau" title="Walther Rathenau">Rathenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Madero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Einaudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Ohlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz" title="Leszek Balcerowicz">Balcerowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Liberal_Network" title="Africa Liberal Network">Africa Liberal Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberal_Federation" title="Arab Liberal Federation">Arab Liberal Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats">Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" title="International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">International Alliance of Libertarian Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Liberal_Youth" title="International Federation of Liberal Youth">International Federation of Liberal Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America" title="Liberal Network for Latin America">Liberal Network for Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_parties" title="Category:Liberal parties">Liberal parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_South_East_European_Network" title="Liberal South East European Network">Liberal South East European Network</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_parties_by_country" title="Liberal parties by country">Regional variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Europe" title="Liberalism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Albania" title="Liberalism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Armenia" title="Liberalism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Austria" title="Liberalism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Belgium" title="Liberalism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Bolivia" title="Liberalism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Brazil" title="Liberalism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Bulgaria" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Canada" title="Liberalism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Chile" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_China" title="Liberalism in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Liberalism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Liberalism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Croatia" title="Liberalism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Cuba" title="Liberalism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Cyprus" title="Liberalism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Czechia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Czechia">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Denmark" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Ecuador" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Egypt" title="Liberalism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Estonia" title="Liberalism and centrism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Finland" title="Liberalism and centrism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Georgia" title="Liberalism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Germany" title="Liberalism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Greece" title="Liberalism in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venizelism" title="Venizelism">Venizelism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Honduras" title="Liberalism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_India" title="Liberalism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Iran" title="Liberalism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Italy" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberism">Liberism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Japan" title="Liberalism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Latvia" title="Liberalism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Lithuania" title="Liberalism in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Luxembourg" title="Liberalism in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Mexico" title="Liberalism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Moldova" title="Liberalism in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Montenegro" title="Liberalism in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Liberalism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_liberalism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic liberalism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Nicaragua" title="Liberalism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Nigeria" title="Liberalism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Liberalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Norway" title="Liberalism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Panama" title="Liberalism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Paraguay" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Peru" title="Liberalism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Philippines" title="Liberalism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Poland" title="Liberalism in Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_School_of_Economics" title="Kraków School of Economics">Cracovian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Portugal" title="Liberalism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Romania" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Senegal" title="Liberalism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Serbia" title="Liberalism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Slovakia" title="Liberalism in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Slovenia" title="Liberalism in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Africa" title="Liberalism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Liberalism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Spain" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Sweden" title="Liberalism and centrism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Tunisia" title="Liberalism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a 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title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Uruguay" title="Liberalism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party (Venezuela)">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Zimbabwe" title="Liberalism in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> 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title="Individualist Anarchism">Anarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">Land value tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sexually liberal feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Feminist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_internationalism" title="Liberal internationalism">Internationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_liberalism" title="Muscular liberalism">Muscular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_liberalism" title="National liberalism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Catholicism" title="Liberal Catholicism">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technoliberalism" title="Technoliberalism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/22px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/30px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberalism_sidebar" title="Template:Liberalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Liberalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></b> has played a role since the country's founding.<sup id="cite_ref-forefront_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forefront-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several liberal <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a> have claimed substantial popular support, mainly proved by having representation in the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>. While liberalism is usually suspicious of nationalism, Jewish liberals in Israel generally support some form of <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>. They tend to be more receptive towards a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">Two-state solution</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberals</a> (see <a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Liberal_Party" title="Israeli Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a>) were founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>, the country's main conservative party, while <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberals</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Israel)" title="Progressive Party (Israel)">Progressive Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(Israel)" title="Independent Liberals (Israel)">Independent Liberals</a>) were integrated in the social-democratic <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor Party</a>. Later on, a long-time liberal, <a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">anti-clerical</a> and pro-<a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> party was <a href="/wiki/Shinui" title="Shinui">Shinui</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a>. More recently, <a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> was a broad liberal and centrist party, integrating politicians from the left and the right. Current liberal (and <a href="/wiki/Zionism#Liberal_Zionism" title="Zionism">liberal Zionist</a>) parties are <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Resilience_Party" title="Israel Resilience Party">Resilience Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_(political_alliance)" title="Blue and White (political alliance)">Blue and White</a>). <a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a> is a national-liberal party. By contrast, <a href="/wiki/Balad_(political_party)" title="Balad (political party)">Balad</a> draws upon liberal values in its aim to eliminate discrimination against <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens</a> and redefine Israel as a state for all its citizens rather than a "Jewish and democratic state", but it is a <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secular</a> party rather than a liberal one. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th width="12%">School </th> <th colspan="2" width="28%">Party </th> <th width="60%">Leaders </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a> </th> <td style="background:#00ADCC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a> (1922–1961) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dizengoff" title="Meir Dizengoff">Meir Dizengoff</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Rokach" title="Israel Rokach">Israel Rokach</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_Bernstein" title="Peretz Bernstein">Peretz Bernstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Sapir" title="Yosef Sapir">Yosef Sapir</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a> </th> <td style="background:#FFC800"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Israel)" title="Progressive Party (Israel)">Progressive Party</a> (1948–1961) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Rosen" title="Pinchas Rosen">Pinchas Rosen</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00AFEF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kulanu" title="Kulanu">Kulanu</a> (2014–2019) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kahlon" title="Moshe Kahlon">Moshe Kahlon</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ED0963"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gesher_(2019_political_party)" title="Gesher (2019 political party)">Gesher</a> (2019–2021) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orly_Levy-Abekasis" title="Orly Levy-Abekasis">Orly Levy-Abekasis</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#7D7F33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel_Resilience_Party" title="Israel Resilience Party">Israel Resilience Party</a> (2019–present) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#0DAAFF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_(political_alliance)" title="Blue and White (political alliance)">Blue and White</a> (2019–2022) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="10" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFCC00"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Liberal_Party" title="Israeli Liberal Party">Israeli Liberal Party</a> (1961–1988) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Rosen" title="Pinchas Rosen">Pinchas Rosen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_Bernstein" title="Peretz Bernstein">Peretz Bernstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Serlin" title="Yosef Serlin">Yosef Serlin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Sapir" title="Yosef Sapir">Yosef Sapir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elimelekh_Rimalt" title="Elimelekh Rimalt">Elimelekh Rimalt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Simha_Erlich" title="Simha Erlich">Simha Erlich</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Goldstein" title="Pinchas Goldstein">Pinchas Goldstein</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD700"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(Israel)" title="Independent Liberals (Israel)">Independent Liberals</a> (1965–1992) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Rosen" title="Pinchas Rosen">Pinchas Rosen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kol" title="Moshe Kol">Moshe Kol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Hausner" title="Gideon Hausner">Gideon Hausner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Artzi" title="Yitzhak Artzi">Yitzhak Artzi</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#3081C0"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shinui" title="Shinui">Shinui</a> (1974–present) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Rubinstein" title="Amnon Rubinstein">Amnon Rubinstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Poraz" title="Avraham Poraz">Avraham Poraz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lapid" title="Tommy Lapid">Tommy Lapid</a></li><li>Ron Levintal</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#253EFE"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_for_Change" title="Democratic Movement for Change">Democratic Movement for Change</a> (1976–1978) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yigael_Yadin" title="Yigael Yadin">Yigael Yadin</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#04569F"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hetz_(political_party)" title="Hetz (political party)">Hetz</a> (2006–2012) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Poraz" title="Avraham Poraz">Avraham Poraz</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#2D4277"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> (2006–2015) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Shaul Mofaz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Akram_Hasson" title="Akram Hasson">Akram Hasson</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#004191"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hatnua" title="Hatnua">Hatnua</a> (2012–2019) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#003ba3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a> (2012–present) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00BBDF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Unity Party (Israel)">National Unity</a> (2022–present) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/National_liberalism" title="National liberalism">National liberalism</a> </th> <td style="background:#1f5aa5"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> (1973–present) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#203567"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telem_(2019_political_party)" title="Telem (2019 political party)">Telem</a> (2019–present) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#235298"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a> (2020–present) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa'ar">Gideon Sa'ar</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_General_Zionists_to_Liberal_Party">From General Zionists to Liberal Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: From General Zionists to Liberal Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1922: Centrists in the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a> form the <a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewishvirtuallibrary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewishvirtuallibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1931: The General Zionists split in "Faction A" and "Faction B".<sup id="cite_ref-Jewishvirtuallibrary_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewishvirtuallibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1945: Factions A and B of the General Zionists merge.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewishvirtuallibrary_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewishvirtuallibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1951: The party wins 16.2% of the vote and 20 seats in the <a href="/wiki/1951_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1951 Israeli legislative election">general election</a>.</li> <li>1961: The party merges with the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Israel)" title="Progressive Party (Israel)">Progressive Party</a> (PP) to become the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Liberal_Party" title="Israeli Liberal Party">Israeli Liberal Party</a> (LP),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Progressive_Party_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Progressive_Party-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which wins 13.6% of the vote and 17 seats in the <a href="/wiki/1961_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1961 Israeli legislative election">general election</a>.</li> <li>1965: The LP splits with the conservative majority joining <a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Herut</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Gahal" title="Gahal">Gahal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eventually becoming <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the leftist faction forming the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(Israel)" title="Independent Liberals (Israel)">Independent Liberals</a>.</li> <li>1988: The LP and Herut formally merge transforming Likud from an electoral coalition to a unitary political party.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Progressive_Party_to_Independent_Liberals">From Progressive Party to Independent Liberals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: From Progressive Party to Independent Liberals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1948: The <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Israel)" title="Progressive Party (Israel)">Progressive Party</a> (PP) is formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Progressive_Party_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Progressive_Party-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961: The PP merges with the <a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Liberal_Party" title="Israeli Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a> (LP).<sup id="cite_ref-Progressive_Party_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Progressive_Party-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1965: The <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(Israel)" title="Independent Liberals (Israel)">Independent Liberals</a> are founded by splinters from the LP.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984: The party joins the <a href="/wiki/Alignment_(Israel)" title="Alignment (Israel)">Alignment</a> electoral list.</li> <li>1991: The party is formally merged into the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor Party</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shinui,_Democratic_Movement,_Shinui,_Hetz,_Yesh_Atid,_Hosen_and_minor_parties"><span id="Shinui.2C_Democratic_Movement.2C_Shinui.2C_Hetz.2C_Yesh_Atid.2C_Hosen_and_minor_parties"></span>Shinui, Democratic Movement, Shinui, Hetz, Yesh Atid, Hosen and minor parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Shinui, Democratic Movement, Shinui, Hetz, Yesh Atid, Hosen and minor parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Amnon_Rubinstein" title="Amnon Rubinstein">Amnon Rubinstein</a> forms <a href="/wiki/Shinui" title="Shinui">Shinui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shinui_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinui-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shinui/Knesset_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinui/Knesset-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1976: Shinui merges with other minor liberal parties to become the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_for_Change" title="Democratic Movement for Change">Democratic Movement for Change</a> (Dash).<sup id="cite_ref-Shinui_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinui-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977: Dash wins 11.6% of the vote and 15 seats in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1977 Israeli legislative election">general election</a>.</li> <li>1978: Dash splits into the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(Israel)" title="Democratic Movement (Israel)">Democratic Movement</a> and the Movement for Change and Initiative.</li> <li>1981: The Movement for Change and Initiative renames itself Shinui.</li> <li>1988: Shinui is renamed Shinui–Center Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Shinui/Knesset_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinui/Knesset-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992: The party merges with <a href="/wiki/Mapam" title="Mapam">Mapam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ratz_(political_party)" title="Ratz (political party)">Ratz</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Shinui_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinui-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a social-democratic party.</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Poraz" title="Avraham Poraz">Avraham Poraz</a> leads a split from Meretz and recreates Shinui as an independent party.</li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lapid" title="Tommy Lapid">Tommy Lapid</a> is invited by Poraz to head Shinui.</li> <li>2003: The party wins 12.3% of the vote and 15 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2003_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2003 Israeli legislative election">general election</a>.</li> <li>2006: Lapid leaves Shinui and Poraz forms <a href="/wiki/Hetz_(political_party)" title="Hetz (political party)">Hetz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heading_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heading-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006: Both Shinui and Hetz fail to win any seats in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2006 Israeli legislative election">general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heading_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heading-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: Poraz allows <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a> to use the Hetz's infrastructure to base her new party, <a href="/wiki/Hatnua" title="Hatnua">Hatnua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heading_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heading-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a>, Tommy's son, launches <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-forefront_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forefront-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: In the <a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> Yesh Atid wins 14.3% and 19 seats.</li> <li>2015: In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2015 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> Yesh Atid is reduced to 8.8% of the vote and 11 seats.</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a> launches the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Resilience_Party" title="Israel Resilience Party">Hosen</a>, a broad centrist party whose economic goals are liberal.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Orly_Levy" class="mw-redirect" title="Orly Levy">Orly Levy</a>, a splinter from <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a>, forms <a href="/wiki/Gesher_(2019_political_party)" title="Gesher (2019 political party)">Gesher</a>.</li> <li>2019: In the run-up of the <a href="/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="April 2019 Israeli legislative election">April general election</a> Yesh Atid, Hosen and the newly-formed <a href="/wiki/Telem_(2019_political_party)" title="Telem (2019 political party)">Telem</a>, led by former Likud minister <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a>, join forces into <a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_(political_alliance)" title="Blue and White (political alliance)">Blue and White</a>. The list wins 26.1% and 35 seats, while Gesher 1.7% and no seats. In the <a href="/wiki/September_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="September 2019 Israeli legislative election">September general election</a> the Blue and White list comes first with 26.1% and 33 seats, while Gesher obtains one seat for its leader Levy in alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor Party</a>.</li> <li>2020: In the <a href="/wiki/2020_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2020 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> Blue and White increases its tallies to 26.6% and 33 seats, but comes second after Likud. After the election, Blue and White splits over the formation of a national-unity government along with Likud: Hosen, which retains the "Blue and White" name, on one side, Yesh Atid and Telem on the other. In the event, a minority faction of Telem splits and forms <a href="/wiki/Derekh_Eretz_(political_faction)" title="Derekh Eretz (political faction)">Derekh Eretz</a>, supporting the national-unity government along with Hosen. In December Derekh Eretz joins <a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a>. Also in December <a href="/wiki/Ofer_Shelah" title="Ofer Shelah">Ofer Shelah</a>, a splinter from Yesh Atid, announces his intent of forming a new political party named <a href="/wiki/Tnufa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tnufa">Tnufa</a>, while, on the left, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/Ron_Huldai" title="Ron Huldai">Ron Huldai</a> leaves the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor Party</a> to launch <a href="/wiki/The_Israelis_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Israelis (political party)">The Israelis</a>, which was joined also by leading splinters from Hosen / Blue and White.</li> <li>2021: In the run-up of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2021 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> Yesh Atid and Telem part ways, and the latter finally drops out. In the election Yesh Atid wins 13.9% and 17 seats, Blue and White 6.6% and 8 seats, New Hope 4.7% and 6 seats. All three parties go on to be part of the <a href="/wiki/36th_government_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="36th government of Israel">36th government of Israel</a>, with Yesh Atid being the largest faction.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Splits_from_and_mergers_into_Likud">Splits from and mergers into Likud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Splits from and mergers into Likud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister</a> and leader of the Likud, leaves the party and forms <a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> largely to support the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">unilateral disengagement plan</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and is soon joined by like-minded politicians from the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor Party</a>, notably including <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, and other parties.</li> <li>2006: Sharon suffers a massive stroke, but Kadima, led by <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a>, wins the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2006 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> with 22.0% of the vote and 29 seats. Olmert is Prime Minister.</li> <li>2009: Kadima, led by <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a>, comes first the <a href="/wiki/2009_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2009 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> with 22.5% of the vote and 28 seats, but Livni fails to form a government.</li> <li>2013: Kadima, which has suffered the split of <a href="/wiki/Hatnua" title="Hatnua">Hatnua</a>, is reduced to 2.1% of the vote and 2 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">general election</a>. Hatnuah gets 5.0% and 6 seats.</li> <li>2014: Hatnuah joins the <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Union" title="Zionist Union">Zionist Union</a> list, along with the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Movement_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Movement (Israel)">Green Movement</a>.</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kahlon" title="Moshe Kahlon">Moshe Kahlon</a>, a splinter from <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>, launches <a href="/wiki/Kulanu" title="Kulanu">Kulanu</a>. Kadima, whose latest leader has joined the brand-new Kulanu, withdraws from the next election.</li> <li>2015: In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2015 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> Hatnuah wins 6 seats from the Zionist Union list and Kulanu wins 7.5% and 10 seats.</li> <li>2019: In the run-up of the <a href="/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="April 2019 Israeli legislative election">April general election</a> Hatnuah announces withdrawal and the party is dissolved with Livni's retirement from electoral politics. Kulanu wins 3.5% and 4 seats. Kulanu does not contest the <a href="/wiki/September_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="September 2019 Israeli legislative election">September general election</a>, after agreements with Likud. Kulanu gets one seat from Likud's list.</li> <li>2020: In the <a href="/wiki/2020_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2020 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> Kulanu gets one seat from Likud's list. In December <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa'ar">Gideon Sa'ar</a>, a splinter from Likud, launches <a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a>. Kulanu's latest leader joins New Hope.</li> <li>2021: In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2021 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> New Hope wins 4.7% and 6 seats.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zehut">Zehut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Zehut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2015: After the election, <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feiglin" title="Moshe Feiglin">Moshe Feiglin</a> leads his <a href="/wiki/Manhigut_Yehudit" title="Manhigut Yehudit">faction</a> out of Likud and forms the (right-)libertarian <a href="/wiki/Zehut" title="Zehut">Zehut</a>.</li> <li>2019: In the run-up of the <a href="/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="April 2019 Israeli legislative election">April general election</a> Zehut receives 2.7% and no seats. Zehut does not contest the <a href="/wiki/September_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="September 2019 Israeli legislative election">September general election</a>, after agreements with Likud.</li> <li>2020: Before the <a href="/wiki/2020_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2020 Israeli legislative election">general election</a> Zehut stays out the election.</li> <li>2021: Feiglin rejoins Likud.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_party_factions">Liberal party factions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Liberal party factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2013: Within <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>, "Likud Liberals" (<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="he:הליברלים בליכוד">He</a>) is established to push issues of <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individual</a> freedom and <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>. The group supports candidates <a href="/wiki/Sharren_Haskel" title="Sharren Haskel">Sharren Haskel</a> (now <a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Amir_Ohana" title="Amir Ohana">Amir Ohana</a>, who push liberal issues.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019: Within <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a>, "Meretz Liberals" is established to push <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individual</a> freedom, <a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">economic freedom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_freedom" title="Political freedom">political freedom</a> (including ending the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Governorate" title="Israeli Military Governorate">Israeli Military Governorate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group also pushes for a repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel" title="Conscription in Israel">Conscription law</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_choice" title="School choice">School choice</a>, reduction of import <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a>, reduction of <a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">regulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a>, establishing a <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" title="Basic Laws of Israel">constitution for Israel</a>, and lowering the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Conservatism in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_hawk" title="Liberal hawk">Liberal hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_except_Palestine" title="Progressive except Palestine">Progressive except Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">History of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Politics of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">List of political parties in Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Israel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-forefront-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forefront_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forefront_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAsa-El2018" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amotz_Asa-El" title="Amotz Asa-El">Asa-El, Amotz</a> (24 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/yair-lapid-and-the-forbidden-journey-546689">"Yair Lapid's shot at bringing the political center to the forefront"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Report">Jerusalem Report</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Report&rft.atitle=Yair+Lapid%27s+shot+at+bringing+the+political+center+to+the+forefront&rft.date=2018-03-24&rft.aulast=Asa-El&rft.aufirst=Amotz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fjerusalem-report%2Fyair-lapid-and-the-forbidden-journey-546689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jewishvirtuallibrary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jewishvirtuallibrary_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewishvirtuallibrary_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewishvirtuallibrary_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/general-zionism">"General Zionism"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Zionism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fgeneral-zionism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/General_Zionists">"YIVO | General Zionists"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YIVO+%26%23124%3B+General+Zionists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyivoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle.aspx%2FGeneral_Zionists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2018" class="citation journal cs1">Goldstein, Amir (9 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/f4qJJcMKBJkxu2gGfAkc/full">"Who represented the Israeli middle class? The crystallization of the General Zionists from 1948 to 1949"</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>54</b> (3): 400–414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2017.1419468">10.1080/00263206.2017.1419468</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148943042">148943042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Who+represented+the+Israeli+middle+class%3F+The+crystallization+of+the+General+Zionists+from+1948+to+1949&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=400-414&rft.date=2018-01-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2017.1419468&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148943042%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Feprint%2Ff4qJJcMKBJkxu2gGfAkc%2Ffull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/general-zionists">"General Zionists"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Zionists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Fgeneral-zionists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040905075854/http://knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=81">"Parliamentary Groups in the Knesset"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=81">the original</a> on 2004-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Groups+in+the+Knesset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Ffaction%2Feng%2FFactionPage_eng.asp%3FPG%3D81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040905075846/http://knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=79">"Parliamentary Groups in the Knesset"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=79">the original</a> on 2004-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Groups+in+the+Knesset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Ffaction%2Feng%2FFactionPage_eng.asp%3FPG%3D79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Progressive_Party-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Progressive_Party_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Progressive_Party_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Progressive_Party_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/progressive-party">"Progressive Party"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Progressive+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Fprogressive-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/the-liberal-party">"The Liberal Party"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Liberal+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Fthe-liberal-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/gachal">"Gachal"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gachal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Fgachal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/likud">"Likud - parties"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Likud+-+parties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Flikud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeigerman2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dror_Zeigerman" title="Dror Zeigerman">Zeigerman, Dror</a> (2013). <i>המהפך הליברלי; מיזוגים פוליטיים : חקר המפלגה הליברלית בישראל</i> [<i>The Liberal Revolution; Political Mergers: A Study of the Liberal Party in Israel</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Schocken_Books" title="Schocken Books">Schocken Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789651908903" title="Special:BookSources/9789651908903"><bdi>9789651908903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9A+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%3B+%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D+%3A+%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C&rft.pub=Schocken+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789651908903&rft.aulast=Zeigerman&rft.aufirst=Dror&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040905075858/http://knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=82">"Parliamentary Groups in the Knesset"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=82">the original</a> on 2004-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Groups+in+the+Knesset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Ffaction%2Feng%2FFactionPage_eng.asp%3FPG%3D82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/independent-liberals">"Independent Liberals"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+Liberals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Findependent-liberals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040905075701/http://knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=53">"Parliamentary Groups in the Knesset"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=53">the original</a> on 2004-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Groups+in+the+Knesset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Ffaction%2Feng%2FFactionPage_eng.asp%3FPG%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shinui-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shinui_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shinui_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shinui_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/shinui">"Shinui"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shinui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Fshinui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shinui/Knesset-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shinui/Knesset_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shinui/Knesset_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040905080345/http://knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=160">"Parliamentary Groups in the Knesset"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=160">the original</a> on 2004-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Groups+in+the+Knesset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Ffaction%2Feng%2FFactionPage_eng.asp%3FPG%3D160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/dash">"Dash"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Fdash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShavitYuchtman-Yaar2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zeev_Shavit" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeev Shavit">Shavit, Zeev</a>; Yuchtman-Yaar, Ephraim, eds. (2001). <i>מגמות בחברה הישראלית</i> [<i>Trends in Israeli Society</i>]. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Open_University_of_Israel" title="Open University of Israel">Open University of Israel</a>. p. 1166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%91%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA&rft.pages=1166&rft.pub=Open+University+of+Israel&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heading-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heading_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heading_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heading_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2012" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, Yoel (23 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/livni-heading-for-10-seats-and-barak-will-make-it-back-into-the-knesset-poll-shows/">"Livni heading for 10 seats, and Barak will make it back into the Knesset, poll shows"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Livni+heading+for+10+seats%2C+and+Barak+will+make+it+back+into+the+Knesset%2C+poll+shows&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Yoel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Flivni-heading-for-10-seats-and-barak-will-make-it-back-into-the-knesset-poll-shows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Hoffman" title="Gil Hoffman">Hoffman, Gil</a> (31 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/gantz-declares-himself-politically-flexible-575978">"Gantz declares himself politically flexible"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Gantz+declares+himself+politically+flexible&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fpolitics-and-diplomacy%2Fgantz-declares-himself-politically-flexible-575978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/likudliberal"><bdi lang="he">הליברלים בליכוד</bdi></a> [Likud Liberals] (in Hebrew) – via <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Flikudliberal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeretzLiberals2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">@MeretzLiberals (3 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/MeretzLiberals/status/1290354725863460866"><bdi lang="he">מעכשיו אנחנו גם בטוויטר 🙂 אנו שואפים לקדם בישראל חופש בשלושה מובנים: חופש מדיני- סיום השלטון הצבאי ביו"ש. חופש כלכלי- מינימום התערבות ממשלתית. חופש הפרט- החופש של כל אחד לחיות לפי בחירתו בכל המובנים, לפי אורח חייו, אמונתו, מיניותו וכד', כל עוד הוא אינו פוגע ישירות באחר.</bdi></a> [From now on we are also on Twitter 🙂 We strive to promote freedom in Israel in three ways: Political freedom - the end of military rule in Judea and Samaria. Economic freedom - minimum government intervention. The freedom of the individual - the freedom of everyone to live according to his choice in all respects, according to his lifestyle, faith, sexuality, etc., as long as he does not directly harm the other.] (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) (in Hebrew) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95+%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%92%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8+%F0%9F%99%82+%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9+%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94+%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%3A+%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9+%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99-+%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%22%D7%A9.+%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9+%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99-+%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA.+%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9+%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98-+%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%9B%D7%9C+%D7%90%D7%97%D7%93+%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95+%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%2C+%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99+%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%97+%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%2C+%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%2C+%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%95+%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%93%27%2C+%D7%9B%D7%9C+%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%90+%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A2+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%91%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8.&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft.au=MeretzLiberals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FMeretzLiberals%2Fstatus%2F1290354725863460866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/2297697867210690/2304476356532841"><bdi lang="he">הליברלים במרצ</bdi></a> [Meretz Liberals] (in Hebrew). Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/libmeretz/posts/2304476356532841">the original</a></span> on 2022-02-26 – via <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Flibmeretz%2Fposts%2F2304476356532841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberalism_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberalism_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Liberalism in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Armenia" title="Liberalism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Bangladesh" title="Liberalism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_China" title="Liberalism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Cyprus" title="Liberalism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Egypt" title="Liberalism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_India" title="Liberalism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Indonesia (page does not exist)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Iran" title="Liberalism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Japan" title="Liberalism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Liberalism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Pakistan (page does not exist)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Philippines" title="Liberalism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Turkey" title="Liberalism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a 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