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<span>Geography of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography of Kazakhstan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Environment of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_geographic_features_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_geographic_features_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Natural geographic features of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_geographic_features_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Regions of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provinces_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinces_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.1</span> <span>Provinces of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinces_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.2</span> <span>Districts of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalities_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.3</span> <span>Municipalities of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalities_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Demography of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government and politics of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics of Kazakhstan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Branches_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branches_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Branches of the government of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branches_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Executive branch of the government of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Legislative branch of the government of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Judicial branch of the government of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Foreign relations of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_organization_membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organization_membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>International organization membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organization_membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_order_in_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_order_in_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Law and order in Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_order_in_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Military of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture of Kazakhstan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art_in_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_in_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Art in Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_in_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_in_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_in_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sports in Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_in_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_infrastructure_of_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_infrastructure_of_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy and infrastructure of Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_infrastructure_of_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_in_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_in_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education in Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_in_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_in_Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_in_Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Health in Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_in_Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of and topical guide to Kazakhstan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:336px;max-width:336px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:221px;max-width:221px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/219px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="219" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/329px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/438px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kazakhstan" title="Flag of Kazakhstan">Flag of Kazakhstan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_(1992-2014).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/109px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/164px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/218px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Kazakhstan">Coat of arms of Kazakhstan</a></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/188px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="188" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/282px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/376px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Un-Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Un-Kazakhstan.svg/220px-Un-Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Un-Kazakhstan.svg/330px-Un-Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Un-Kazakhstan.svg/440px-Un-Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>An enlargeable map of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Kazakhstan">Republic of Kazakhstan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Outline_(list)" title="Outline (list)">outline</a> is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kazakhstan: </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Kazakhstan">Republic of Kazakhstan</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">sovereign country</a> located across both <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ranked as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by area">ninth largest country in the world</a> as well as the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Landlocked" class="mw-redirect" title="Landlocked">landlocked</a> country,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has a territory of 2,727,300 km<sup>2</sup> (greater than <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>). It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>. The country also borders on a significant part of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>. </p><p>Vast in size, the land in Kazakhstan is very diverse in types of terrain: flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, mountains, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">62nd largest</a> population in the world, with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">population density</a> of less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). </p><p>Kazakhstan declared itself an independent country on December 16, 1991, the last Soviet republic to do so. Its communist-era leader, <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a>, became the country's new president. Since independence, Kazakhstan has pursued a balanced <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan" title="Foreign relations of Kazakhstan">foreign policy</a> and worked to develop its <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kazakhstan" title="Economy of Kazakhstan">economy</a>, especially its <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> industry. While the country's economic outlook is improving, President Nazarbayev maintains strict control over the country's <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">politics</a>. Several opposition leaders and journalists have been killed in recent years, and Western observers generally do not consider <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kazakhstan" title="Elections in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan's elections</a> to be free and fair. Nevertheless, Kazakhstan's international prestige is building.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now considered to be the dominant state in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country belongs to many international organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">NATO's Partnership for Peace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a>. In 2010, Kazakhstan will chair the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe">Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe</a>. In 2011, it formed a <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Community" title="Eurasian Economic Community">customs union</a> with Russia and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>. </p><p>Kazakhstan is ethnically and culturally diverse, in part due to the <a href="/wiki/Forced_settlements_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced settlements in the Soviet Union">mass deportations</a> of many ethnic groups to the country during <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin's</a> rule. Kazakhs are the largest group, followed by Russians. Kazakhstan allows <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">freedom of religion</a>, and many different beliefs are represented in the country. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the primary religion, followed by <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christianity</a>. The official language is <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>, though <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> is still commonly and most widely used for everyday communication. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_reference">General reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General reference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_2001_CIA_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kazakhstan_2001_CIA_map.jpg/220px-Kazakhstan_2001_CIA_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kazakhstan_2001_CIA_map.jpg/330px-Kazakhstan_2001_CIA_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kazakhstan_2001_CIA_map.jpg/440px-Kazakhstan_2001_CIA_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption>An enlargeable relief map of <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">Pronunciation</a>:</li> <li>Common English country name: <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li>Official English country name: The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Kazakhstan">Republic of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectival_and_demonymic_forms_of_place_names#Countries_and_nations" title="List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names">Adjectives</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhstani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kazakh (disambiguation)">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectival_and_demonymic_forms_of_place_names#Countries_and_nations" title="List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names">Demonym</a>(s):</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">Etymology</a>: <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Kazakhstan">Name of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Kazakhstan" title="International rankings of Kazakhstan">International rankings of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_country_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO country codes">ISO country codes</a>: KZ, KAZ, 398</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_region_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO region codes">ISO region codes</a>: See <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:KZ" title="ISO 3166-2:KZ">ISO 3166-2:KZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> <a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">country code top-level domain</a>: <a href="/wiki/.kz" title=".kz">.kz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_of_Kazakhstan">Geography of Kazakhstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kazakhstan" title="Geography of Kazakhstan">Geography of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li>Kazakhstan is: a <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked country</a></li> <li>Location: <ul><li>Kazakhstan is a region or subregion of: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> (a small portion only; 381,567 km<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a>: <ul><li>Eastern Kazakhstan Time <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B6" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+6">UTC+6</a></li> <li>Western Kazakhstan Time <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Kazakhstan">Extreme points of Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li>High: <a href="/wiki/Khan_Tengri" title="Khan Tengri">Khan Tengri</a> 7,010 m (22,999 ft)</li> <li>Low: <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Depression" title="Caspian Depression">Caspian Depression</a> −132 m (−433 ft)</li></ul></li> <li>Land boundaries: 12,185 km</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> 6,846 km</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> 2,203 km</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> 1,533 km</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> 1,224 km</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> 379 km</dd></dl> <ul><li>Coastline: <i>none</i><sup id="cite_ref-Paratethys_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paratethys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Population of Kazakhstan: 18,177,700 – <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">62nd most populous country</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Area of Kazakhstan: 2,724,900 km<sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Kazakhstan" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Kazakhstan">Atlas of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment_of_Kazakhstan">Environment of Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Environment of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_World_Wind_blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Kazakhstan_World_Wind_blank.png/220px-Kazakhstan_World_Wind_blank.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Kazakhstan_World_Wind_blank.png/330px-Kazakhstan_World_Wind_blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Kazakhstan_World_Wind_blank.png/440px-Kazakhstan_World_Wind_blank.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption>An enlargeable satellite image of <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment of Kazakhstan">Environment of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Kazakhstan">Climate of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Kazakhstan" title="Environmental issues in Kazakhstan">Environmental issues in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Renewable energy in Kazakhstan">Renewable energy in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Kazakhstan">Protected areas of Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Kazakhstan" title="List of national parks of Kazakhstan">National parks of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Kazakhstan" title="Wildlife of Kazakhstan">Wildlife of Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li>Fauna of Kazakhstan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Kazakhstan" title="List of birds of Kazakhstan">Birds of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Kazakhstan" title="List of mammals of Kazakhstan">Mammals of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natural_geographic_features_of_Kazakhstan">Natural geographic features of Kazakhstan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Natural geographic features of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Kazakhstan" title="List of islands of Kazakhstan">Islands of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakes of Kazakhstan">Lakes of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Kazakhstan" title="List of rivers of Kazakhstan">Rivers of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan">List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions_of_Kazakhstan">Regions of Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Regions of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administrative_divisions_of_Kazakhstan">Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan">Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Kazakhstan">Provinces of Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kazakhstan" title="Districts of Kazakhstan">Districts of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Provinces_of_Kazakhstan">Provinces of Kazakhstan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Provinces of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Kazakhstan">Provinces of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <table style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="2px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Province</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">Status</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Full Kazakh name</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akmola_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Akmola Province">Akmola</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Ақмола облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aktobe_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktobe Province">Aktobe</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Ақтөбе облысы</td> <td>UTC+5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></td> <td>city<sup>(1)</sup></td> <td>Алматы қаласы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Almaty_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty Province">Almaty Province</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Алматы облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></td> <td>city<sup>(1)</sup></td> <td>Астана қаласы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atyrau_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Atyrau Province">Atyrau</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Атырау облысы</td> <td>UTC+5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a></td> <td>city<sup>(2)</sup></td> <td>Байқоңыр қаласы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Kazakhstan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="East Kazakhstan Province">East Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Шығыс Қазақстан облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karagandy_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Karagandy Province">Karagandy</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Қарағанды облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kostanay_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostanay Province">Kostanay</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Қостанай облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyzylorda_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyzylorda Province">Kyzylorda</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Қызылорда облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangystau_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangystau Province">Mangystau</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Маңғыстау облысы</td> <td>UTC+5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Kazakhstan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="North Kazakhstan Province">North Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavlodar_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlodar Province">Pavlodar</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Павлодар облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Kazakhstan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="South Kazakhstan Province">South Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Kazakhstan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Kazakhstan Province">West Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Батыс Қазақстан облысы</td> <td>UTC+5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhambyl_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhambyl Province">Zhambyl</a></td> <td>province</td> <td>Жамбыл облысы</td> <td>UTC+6 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_provinces_and_province_capitals_en_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kazakhstan_provinces_and_province_capitals_en_2022.png/400px-Kazakhstan_provinces_and_province_capitals_en_2022.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kazakhstan_provinces_and_province_capitals_en_2022.png/600px-Kazakhstan_provinces_and_province_capitals_en_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kazakhstan_provinces_and_province_capitals_en_2022.png/800px-Kazakhstan_provinces_and_province_capitals_en_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Kazakhstan</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Notes: </p> <ul><li><small>(1) <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a> cities have the status of State importance and do not relate to any province.</small></li> <li><small>(2) <a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a> city has a special status because it is currently being leased to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> with <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_cosmodrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Baikonur cosmodrome">Baikonur cosmodrome</a> through the year 2050.</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Districts_of_Kazakhstan">Districts of Kazakhstan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Districts of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kazakhstan" title="Districts of Kazakhstan">Districts of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_rayons.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kazakhstan_rayons.png/300px-Kazakhstan_rayons.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kazakhstan_rayons.png/450px-Kazakhstan_rayons.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kazakhstan_rayons.png/600px-Kazakhstan_rayons.png 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Province </th> <th>District(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akmola_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Akmola Province">Akmola Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkol_District" title="Akkol District">Akkol District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshaly_District" title="Arshaly District">Arshaly District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_District" title="Astrakhan District">Astrakhan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atbasar_District" title="Atbasar District">Atbasar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birzhan_sal_District" title="Birzhan sal District">Birzhan sal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulandy_District" title="Bulandy District">Bulandy District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egindikol_District" title="Egindikol District">Egindikol District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ereymentau_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ereymentau District">Ereymentau District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esil_District,_Akmola_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Esil District, Akmola Province">Esil District, Akmola Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korgalzhyn_District" title="Korgalzhyn District">Korgalzhyn District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandyktau_District" title="Sandyktau District">Sandyktau District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortandy_District" title="Shortandy District">Shortandy District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuchinsk_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuchinsk District">Shuchinsk District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerendi_District" title="Zerendi District">Zerendi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaksy_District" title="Zhaksy District">Zhaksy District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zharkain_District" title="Zharkain District">Zharkain District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aktobe_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktobe Province">Aktobe Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alga_District" title="Alga District">Alga District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayteke_Bi_District" title="Ayteke Bi District">Ayteke Bi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayganin_District" title="Bayganin District">Bayganin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargaly_District" title="Kargaly District">Kargaly District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobda_District" title="Kobda District">Kobda District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khromtau_District" title="Khromtau District">Khromtau District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuk_District" title="Martuk District">Martuk District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugalzhar_District" title="Mugalzhar District">Mugalzhar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oiyl_District" title="Oiyl District">Oiyl District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalkar_District" title="Shalkar District">Shalkar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temir_District" title="Temir District">Temir District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yrgyz_District" title="Yrgyz District">Yrgyz District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Almaty_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty Province">Almaty Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_District,_Almaty_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Aksu District, Almaty Province">Aksu District, Almaty Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alakol_District" title="Alakol District">Alakol District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkhash_District" title="Balkhash District">Balkhash District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbekshikazakh_District" title="Enbekshikazakh District">Enbekshikazakh District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskeldi_District" title="Eskeldi District">Eskeldi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ile_District,_Kazakhstan" title="Ile District, Kazakhstan">Ile District, Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasay_District" title="Karasay District">Karasay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatal_District" title="Karatal District">Karatal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerbulak_District" title="Kerbulak District">Kerbulak District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koksu_District" title="Koksu District">Koksu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panfilov_District,_Kazakhstan" title="Panfilov District, Kazakhstan">Panfilov District, Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiymbek_District" title="Raiymbek District">Raiymbek District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkant_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarkant District">Sarkant District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgar_District" title="Talgar District">Talgar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uygur_District" title="Uygur District">Uygur District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhambyl_District,_Almaty_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhambyl District, Almaty Province">Zhambyl District, Almaty Province</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atyrau_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Atyrau Province">Atyrau Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inder_District" title="Inder District">Inder District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isatay_District" title="Isatay District">Isatay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmangazy_District" title="Kurmangazy District">Kurmangazy District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyzylkoga_District" title="Kyzylkoga District">Kyzylkoga District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makat_District" title="Makat District">Makat District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhambet_District" title="Makhambet District">Makhambet District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhylyoi_District" title="Zhylyoi District">Zhylyoi District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Kazakhstan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="East Kazakhstan Province">East Kazakhstan Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abay_District,_East_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abay District, East Kazakhstan">Abay District, East Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayagoz_District" title="Ayagoz District">Ayagoz District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beskaragay_District" title="Beskaragay District">Beskaragay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borodulikha_District" title="Borodulikha District">Borodulikha District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glubokoe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Glubokoe District">Glubokoe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katonkaragay_District" title="Katonkaragay District">Katonkaragay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokpekti_District" title="Kokpekti District">Kokpekti District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurshim_District" title="Kurshim District">Kurshim District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemonaikha_District" title="Shemonaikha District">Shemonaikha District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbagatay_District" title="Tarbagatay District">Tarbagatay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulan_District" title="Ulan District">Ulan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urzhar_District" title="Urzhar District">Urzhar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaysan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaysan District">Zaysan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zharma_District" title="Zharma District">Zharma District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyryanovsk_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zyryanovsk District">Zyryanovsk District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karagandy_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Karagandy Province">Karagandy Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abay_District,_Karagandy_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Abay District, Karagandy Province">Abay District, Karagandy Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktogay_District,_Karagandy_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktogay District, Karagandy Province">Aktogay District, Karagandy Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhar-Zhyrau_District" title="Bukhar-Zhyrau District">Bukhar-Zhyrau District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkaraly_District" title="Karkaraly District">Karkaraly District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nura_District" title="Nura District">Nura District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osakarov_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Osakarov District">Osakarov District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shet_District" title="Shet District">Shet District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulytau_District" title="Ulytau District">Ulytau District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanaarka_District" title="Zhanaarka District">Zhanaarka District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kostanay_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostanay Province">Kostanay Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altynsarin_District" title="Altynsarin District">Altynsarin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amangeldi_District" title="Amangeldi District">Amangeldi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auliekol_District" title="Auliekol District">Auliekol District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denisov_District" title="Denisov District">Denisov District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodorov_District" title="Fyodorov District">Fyodorov District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamysty_District" title="Kamysty District">Kamysty District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabalyk_District" title="Karabalyk District">Karabalyk District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasu_District" title="Karasu District">Karasu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostanay_District" title="Kostanay District">Kostanay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendykara_District" title="Mendykara District">Mendykara District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauyrzym_District" title="Nauyrzym District">Nauyrzym District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarykol_District" title="Sarykol District">Sarykol District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taran_District" title="Taran District">Taran District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzunkol_District" title="Uzunkol District">Uzunkol District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangeldi_District" title="Zhangeldi District">Zhangeldi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhetikara_District" title="Zhetikara District">Zhetikara District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyzylorda_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyzylorda Province">Kyzylorda Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_District" title="Aral District">Aral District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmakshy_District" title="Karmakshy District">Karmakshy District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazaly_District" title="Kazaly District">Kazaly District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shieli_District" title="Shieli District">Shieli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrdariya_District" title="Syrdariya District">Syrdariya District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhalagash_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhalagash District">Zhalagash District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanakorgan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanakorgan District">Zhanakorgan District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="North Kazakhstan">North Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiyrtau_District" title="Aiyrtau District">Aiyrtau District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkayin_District" title="Akkayin District">Akkayin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akzhar_District" title="Akzhar District">Akzhar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esil_District,_North_Kazakhstan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Esil District, North Kazakhstan province">Esil District, North Kazakhstan province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabit_Musirepov_District" title="Gabit Musirepov District">Gabit Musirepov District</a> (Tselinniy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyzylzhar_District" title="Kyzylzhar District">Kyzylzhar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magzhan_Zhumabayev_District" title="Magzhan Zhumabayev District">Magzhan Zhumabayev District</a> (Bulaev)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamlyut_District" title="Mamlyut District">Mamlyut District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shal_akyn_District" title="Shal akyn District">Shal akyn District</a> (Sergeev)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiynsha_District" title="Taiynsha District">Taiynsha District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timiryazev_District" title="Timiryazev District">Timiryazev District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ualikhanov_District" title="Ualikhanov District">Ualikhanov District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhambyl_District,_North_Kazakhstan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhambyl District, North Kazakhstan Province">Zhambyl District, North Kazakhstan Province</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavlodar_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlodar Province">Pavlodar Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkuly_District" title="Akkuly District">Akkuly District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktogay_District,_Pavlodar_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktogay District, Pavlodar Province">Aktogay District, Pavlodar Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayanaul_District" title="Bayanaul District">Bayanaul District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertis_District" title="Ertis District">Ertis District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyr_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashyr District">Kashyr District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_District,_Kazakhstan" title="May District, Kazakhstan">May District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlodar_District" title="Pavlodar District">Pavlodar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharbakty_District" title="Sharbakty District">Sharbakty District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uspen_District" title="Uspen District">Uspen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhelezin_District" title="Zhelezin District">Zhelezin District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Kazakhstan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="South Kazakhstan Province">South Kazakhstan Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baydibek_District" title="Baydibek District">Baydibek District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazygurt_District" title="Kazygurt District">Kazygurt District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maktaaral_District" title="Maktaaral District">Maktaaral District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordabasy_District" title="Ordabasy District">Ordabasy District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otyrar_District" title="Otyrar District">Otyrar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saryagash_District" title="Saryagash District">Saryagash District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayram_District" title="Sayram District">Sayram District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shardara_District" title="Shardara District">Shardara District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozak_District" title="Sozak District">Sozak District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tole_Bi_District" title="Tole Bi District">Tole Bi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkibas_District" title="Tulkibas District">Tulkibas District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Kazakhstan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Kazakhstan Province">West Kazakhstan Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akzhaik_District" title="Akzhaik District">Akzhaik District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokey_Orda_District" title="Bokey Orda District">Bokey Orda District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borili_District" title="Borili District">Borili District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatobe_District" title="Karatobe District">Karatobe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaztal_District" title="Kaztal District">Kaztal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyngyrlau_District" title="Shyngyrlau District">Shyngyrlau District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrym_District" title="Syrym District">Syrym District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskala_District" title="Taskala District">Taskala District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terekti_District" title="Terekti District">Terekti District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenov_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelenov District">Zelenov District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanakala_District" title="Zhanakala District">Zhanakala District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanybek_District" title="Zhanybek District">Zhanybek District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhambyl_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhambyl Province">Zhambyl Province</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayzak_District" title="Bayzak District">Bayzak District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korday_District" title="Korday District">Korday District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merke_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Merke District">Merke District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moiynkum_District" title="Moiynkum District">Moiynkum District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarysu_District" title="Sarysu District">Sarysu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_District" title="Shu District">Shu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talas_District,_Kazakhstan" title="Talas District, Kazakhstan">Talas District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turar_Ryskulov_District" title="Turar Ryskulov District">Turar Ryskulov District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhambyl_District,_Zhambyl_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhambyl District, Zhambyl Province">Zhambyl District, Zhambyl Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhualy_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhualy District">Zhualy District</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Municipalities_of_Kazakhstan">Municipalities of Kazakhstan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Municipalities of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Municipalities of Kazakhstan </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a> of Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital of Kazakhstan">Capital of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of cities in Kazakhstan">Cities of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography_of_Kazakhstan">Demography of Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demography of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Demographics of Kazakhstan">Demographics of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics_of_Kazakhstan">Government and politics of Kazakhstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government and politics of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">Politics of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Form of government">Form of government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a> of Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital of Kazakhstan">Capital of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kazakhstan" title="Elections in Kazakhstan">Elections in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of political parties in Kazakhstan">Political parties in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Kazakhstan" title="Taxation in Kazakhstan">Taxation in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan">Branches of the government of Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Branches of the government of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kazakhstan" title="Government of Kazakhstan">Government of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executive_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan">Executive branch of the government of Kazakhstan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Executive branch of the government of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">President of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karim_Masimov" class="mw-redirect" title="Karim Masimov">Karim Masimov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Prime Minister of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislative_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan">Legislative branch of the government of Kazakhstan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legislative branch of the government of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Parliament of Kazakhstan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a>: <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">Senate of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mazhilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazhilis">Mazhilis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judicial_branch_of_the_government_of_Kazakhstan">Judicial branch of the government of Kazakhstan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Judicial branch of the government of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Court system of Kazakhstan </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Kazakhstan" title="Supreme Court of Kazakhstan">Supreme Court of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan">Foreign relations of Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Foreign relations of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan" title="Foreign relations of Kazakhstan">Foreign relations of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of diplomatic missions in Kazakhstan">Diplomatic missions in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions of Kazakhstan">Diplomatic missions of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_organization_membership">International organization membership</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International organization membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Republic of Kazakhstan is a member of:<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> (ADB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a> (CSTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> (CIS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a> (ECO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Community" title="Eurasian Economic Community">Eurasian Economic Community</a> (EAEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a> (EAPC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (EBRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="General Confederation of Trade Unions">General Confederation of Trade Unions</a> (GCTU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> (IAEA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (IBRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Police_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Police Organization">International Criminal Police Organization</a> (Interpol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a> (IDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies</a> (IFRCS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> (IFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">International Fund for Agricultural Development</a> (IFAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a> (IMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a> (IOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement</a> (ICRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunications_Satellite_Organization" title="International Telecommunications Satellite Organization">International Telecommunications Satellite Organization</a> (ITSO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union" title="Inter-Parliamentary Union">Inter-Parliamentary Union</a> (IPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Development_Bank" title="Islamic Development Bank">Islamic Development Bank</a> (IDB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a> (MIGA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonaligned_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonaligned Movement">Nonaligned Movement</a> (NAM) (observer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Suppliers_Group" title="Nuclear Suppliers Group">Nuclear Suppliers Group</a> (NSG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe">Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe</a> (OSCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a> (OPCW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> (OAS) (observer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> (PFP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a> (SCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific,_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization">United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a> (UNIDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> (UPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Confederation_of_Labour" title="World Confederation of Labour">World Confederation of Labour</a> (WCL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Customs_Organization" title="World Customs Organization">World Customs Organization</a> (WCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">World Federation of Trade Unions</a> (WFTU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (WIPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (WMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> (UNWTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO) (observer)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_order_in_Kazakhstan">Law and order in Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Law and order in Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Law of Kazakhstan </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kazakhstan" title="Constitution of Kazakhstan">Constitution of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kazakhstan" title="Human rights in Kazakhstan">Human rights in Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kazakhstan">LGBT rights in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan" title="Law enforcement in Kazakhstan">Law enforcement in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_of_Kazakhstan">Military of Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Military of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Kazakhstan">Military of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li>Command <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a>:</li></ul></li> <li>Forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of Kazakhstan">Army of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Naval_Forces" title="Kazakh Naval Forces">Navy of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force of Kazakhstan">Air Force of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Kazakhstan">History of Kazakhstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: History of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kazakhstan" title="History of Kazakhstan">History of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_of_Kazakhstan">Culture of Kazakhstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kazakhstan" title="Culture of Kazakhstan">Culture of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Kazakhstan">Cuisine of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Languages of Kazakhstan">Languages of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Kazakhstan">Media in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li>National symbols of Kazakhstan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Kazakhstan">Coat of arms of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kazakhstan" title="Flag of Kazakhstan">Flag of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Kazakhstan">National anthem of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="People of Kazakhstan">People of Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Kazakhstan" title="Russians in Kazakhstan">Russians in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Kazakhstan" title="Ukrainians in Kazakhstan">Ukrainians in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Kazakhstan" title="Germans of Kazakhstan">Germans of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Kazakhstan">Armenians in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Kazakhstan" title="Greeks in Kazakhstan">Greeks in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh Jews">Kazakh Jews</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Kazakhstan" title="Prostitution in Kazakhstan">Prostitution in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kazakhstan" title="Public holidays in Kazakhstan">Public holidays in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Religion in Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism in Kazakhstan">Buddhism in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kazakhstan" title="Christianity in Kazakhstan">Christianity in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Kazakhstan" title="Hinduism in Kazakhstan">Hinduism in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kazakhstan" title="Islam in Kazakhstan">Islam in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Kazakhstan">Judaism in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan">List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_in_Kazakhstan">Art in Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Art in Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Cinema of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Kazakhstan">Literature of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Music of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kazakhstan" title="Television in Kazakhstan">Television in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_in_Kazakhstan">Sports in Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sports in Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Kazakhstan">Sports in Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Kazakhstan" title="Football in Kazakhstan">Football in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_Olympics" title="Kazakhstan at the Olympics">Kazakhstan at the Olympics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_infrastructure_of_Kazakhstan">Economy and infrastructure of Kazakhstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economy and infrastructure of Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kazakhstan" title="Economy of Kazakhstan">Economy of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007)</a>: 55th (fifty-fifth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Kazakhstan" title="Agriculture in Kazakhstan">Agriculture in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li>Banking in Kazakhstan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Bank of Kazakhstan">National Bank of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Kazakhstan">Communications in Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Kazakhstan" title="Internet in Kazakhstan">Internet in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Kazakhstan" title="List of companies of Kazakhstan">Companies of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency of Kazakhstan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Tenge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>: KZT</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Energy in Kazakhstan">Energy in Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Kazakhstan">Energy policy of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Kazakhstan">Health care in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Kazakhstan">Mining in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Stock_Exchange" title="Kazakhstan Stock Exchange">Kazakhstan Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kazakhstan" title="Tourism in Kazakhstan">Tourism in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kazakhstan" title="Transport in Kazakhstan">Transport in Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of airports in Kazakhstan">Airports in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Kazakhstan">Rail transport in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Kazakhstan" title="Roads in Kazakhstan">Roads in Kazakhstan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_in_Kazakhstan">Education in Kazakhstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education in Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kazakhstan" title="Education in Kazakhstan">Education in Kazakhstan</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_in_Kazakhstan">Health in Kazakhstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Health in Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Health in Kazakhstan">Health in Kazakhstan</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kazakhstan-related_articles" title="Index of Kazakhstan-related articles">Index of Kazakhstan-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kazakhstan-related_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kazakhstan-related topics">List of Kazakhstan-related topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">List of international rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Member states of the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Asia" title="Outline of Asia">Outline of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_geography" title="Outline of geography">Outline of geography</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/">"Kazakhstan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. July 2, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Kazakhstan&rft.date=2009-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fkazakhstan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (ASRK). 2005. Main Demographic Indicators. Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.stat.kz">http://www.stat.kz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100314092716/http://stat.kz/">Archived</a> 2010-03-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zarakhovich, Yuri (September 27, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928095633/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1539999,00.html">"Kazakhstan Comes on Strong"</a>, Time Magazine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2008/5/3442f45a-7517-425d-956c-78d0c6af7ac2.html">Medvedev Visit Underscores Kazakh Victory Over Uzbekistan For Regional Dominance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528014300/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2008/5/3442f45a-7517-425d-956c-78d0c6af7ac2.html">Archived</a> 2008-05-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paratethys-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paratethys_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> borders the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a>, remnants of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Paratethys_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratethys Sea">Paratethys Sea</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Kazakhstan" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Kazakhstan">Wikimedia Atlas of Kazakhstan</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.government.kz">Government of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927012949/http://www.akorda.kz/www/www_akorda_kz.nsf/index?openform&lang=en">President of the Republic of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Kazakhstan">Atlas of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1298071.stm">BBC News Country Profiles – <i>Kazakhstan</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/">CIA World Factbook – <i>Kazakhstan</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/sca/ci/kz/">U.S. Department of State – <i>Kazakhstan</i></a> includes links to various reports</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbank.org.kz/">The World Bank – <i>Kazakhstan</i></a> development issues</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/kztoc.html">Library of Congress – <i>A Country Study: Kazakhstan</i></a> last updated March 1996</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307153918/http://newsite.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=KZ&RegionCode=ASI">Kazakhstan: Humanitarian Country Profile</a> – <a href="/wiki/UN_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kazakhstan#Q7112321" class="extiw" title="voy:Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 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.sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Kazakhstan</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="extiw" title="c:Kazakhstan">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Kazakhstan" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Kazakhstan">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="extiw" title="q:Kazakhstan">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Kazakhstan" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Kazakhstan">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="extiw" title="voy:Kazakhstan">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/21px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/32px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/42px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="kk:">Kazakh edition</a></b> of Wikipedia</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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