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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">18 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_211794" data-work_id="211794" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/211794/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids">Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"The fibula has rarely been considered in comparative morphological studies, probably due to its relatively minor role in carrying mechanical loads. However, some differences in morphology (and inferred function) of the fibula between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_211794" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"The fibula has rarely been considered in comparative morphological studies, probably due to its relatively minor role in carrying mechanical loads. However, some differences in morphology (and inferred function) of the fibula between humans and apes, and within apes, have been noted and related to differences in positional behavior. Therefore, the study of tibiofibular relations may be useful in characterizing such differences. This study examines cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties (cortical area and polar section modulus, Zp) of the tibia and fibula at mid-diaphysis across a sample (n ¼ 87) of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. The fibula is compared against the tibia in the different taxa. The results indicate that the robusticity of the fibula relative to that of the tibia can be explained in terms of differences in positional behavior. In particular, hominoids that are more arboreal (i.e., gibbons, orangutans, and chimpanzees) possess a relatively more robust fibula than do hominoids that are more terrestrial (i.e., gorillas and humans). The difference appears to be a consequence of the more mobile fibula and more adducted position of the hindlimb necessary in an arboreal environment. Apart from providing the first CSG data on the fibula, <br />these results may be helpful in reconstructing the locomotor behavior of fossil hominoids."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/211794" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc0d9dd2e52d1bf0804de84488a81d16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":659442,"asset_id":211794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/659442/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_211794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="211794"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 211794, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_211794", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_211794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 211794; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_211794"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_211794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="211794"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 211794; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=211794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_211794").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_211794").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="211794"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9658" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion">Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9658" type="text/json">{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18561" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics">Lower Extremity Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18561" type="text/json">{"id":18561,"name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Structure">Tibia Structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85895" type="text/json">{"id":85895,"name":"Tibia Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Structure?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula_structure">Fibula structure</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219545" type="text/json">{"id":219545,"name":"Fibula structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula_structure?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=211794]'), work: {"id":211794,"title":"Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids","created_at":"2010-01-31T10:34:14.188-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/211794/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_211794","summary":"\"The fibula has rarely been considered in comparative morphological studies, probably due to its relatively minor role in carrying mechanical loads. However, some differences in morphology (and inferred function) of the fibula between humans and apes, and within apes, have been noted and related to differences in positional behavior. Therefore, the study of tibiofibular relations may be useful in characterizing such differences. This study examines cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties (cortical area and polar section modulus, Zp) of the tibia and fibula at mid-diaphysis across a sample (n ¼ 87) of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. The fibula is compared against the tibia in the different taxa. The results indicate that the robusticity of the fibula relative to that of the tibia can be explained in terms of differences in positional behavior. In particular, hominoids that are more arboreal (i.e., gibbons, orangutans, and chimpanzees) possess a relatively more robust fibula than do hominoids that are more terrestrial (i.e., gorillas and humans). The difference appears to be a consequence of the more mobile fibula and more adducted position of the hindlimb necessary in an arboreal environment. Apart from providing the first CSG data on the fibula,\r\nthese results may be helpful in reconstructing the locomotor behavior of fossil hominoids.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":659442,"asset_id":211794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":18561,"name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":85895,"name":"Tibia Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Structure?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219545,"name":"Fibula structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula_structure?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_384114" data-work_id="384114" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/384114/Chapter_13_Mobility_and_lower_limb_robusticity_of_a_pastoralist_Neolithic_population_from_North_Western_Italy">Chapter 13. Mobility and lower limb robusticity of a pastoralist Neolithic population from North-Western Italy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Previous research on the transition from hunting and gathering to production economy has suggested some general trends in past populations, i.e. decreased diaphyseal robusticity, increased cross-sectional circularity and decreased sexual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_384114" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Previous research on the transition from hunting and gathering to production economy has suggested some general trends in past populations, i.e. decreased diaphyseal robusticity, increased cross-sectional circularity and decreased sexual dimorphism in the lower limb bones (femur and tibia), generally explained as a consequence of decreased levels of mobility. Previous results from the study of the Ligurian Neolithic populations from North-Western Italy (6th millennium BP) provide an exception to these trends. In particular, the Ligurian Neolithic lower limb robusticity and diaphyseal shape reflect high levels of terrestrial mobility throughout a rugged terrain. These results argue in favour of the growing consensus that the Neolithic transition was a region-specific process. In this work we expand the sample to include remains from caves from the same area, all within the same pastoral system, and extend the analysis to include the fibula. These new results show that the diaphyseal morphology of the Ligurian sample is more similar to highly mobile European Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic populations. Furthermore, the degree of sexual dimorphism for mechanical properties indicates behavioural differences between sexes, with males being more mobile than females. The results found here also indicate that inclusion of the fibula may contribute to a better understanding of past population mobility especially when it is considered in association with the tibia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/384114" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b781cac385b28e4aac2478a89ad02f82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1871758,"asset_id":384114,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1871758/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_384114 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="384114"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 384114, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_384114", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_384114 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 384114; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_384114"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_384114 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="384114"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 384114; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=384114]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_384114").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_384114").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="384114"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities">Mobility/Mobilities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2409" type="text/json">{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18561" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics">Lower Extremity Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18561" type="text/json">{"id":18561,"name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe">Neolithic Europe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26086" type="text/json">{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62617" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liguria">Liguria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62617" type="text/json">{"id":62617,"name":"Liguria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liguria?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=384114]'), work: {"id":384114,"title":"Chapter 13. Mobility and lower limb robusticity of a pastoralist Neolithic population from North-Western Italy","created_at":"2010-12-06T00:19:17.976-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/384114/Chapter_13_Mobility_and_lower_limb_robusticity_of_a_pastoralist_Neolithic_population_from_North_Western_Italy?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_384114","summary":"Previous research on the transition from hunting and gathering to production economy has suggested some general trends in past populations, i.e. decreased diaphyseal robusticity, increased cross-sectional circularity and decreased sexual dimorphism in the lower limb bones (femur and tibia), generally explained as a consequence of decreased levels of mobility. Previous results from the study of the Ligurian Neolithic populations from North-Western Italy (6th millennium BP) provide an exception to these trends. In particular, the Ligurian Neolithic lower limb robusticity and diaphyseal shape reflect high levels of terrestrial mobility throughout a rugged terrain. These results argue in favour of the growing consensus that the Neolithic transition was a region-specific process. In this work we expand the sample to include remains from caves from the same area, all within the same pastoral system, and extend the analysis to include the fibula. These new results show that the diaphyseal morphology of the Ligurian sample is more similar to highly mobile European Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic populations. Furthermore, the degree of sexual dimorphism for mechanical properties indicates behavioural differences between sexes, with males being more mobile than females. The results found here also indicate that inclusion of the fibula may contribute to a better understanding of past population mobility especially when it is considered in association with the tibia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1871758,"asset_id":384114,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":18561,"name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":62617,"name":"Liguria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liguria?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868"},{"id":390582,"name":"Subsitence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsitence?f_ri=219868"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17034171" data-work_id="17034171" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17034171/Can_fibular_robusticity_be_used_to_infer_mobility_patterns_in_past_populations">Can fibular robusticity be used to infer mobility patterns in past populations?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Because of their role in weight bearing, the bones normally used to infer mobility patterns in past populations are the femur and the tibia. Nevertheless, studies of living hominoids and modern human athletes have demonstrated that the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17034171" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Because of their role in weight bearing, the bones normally used to infer mobility patterns in past populations are the femur and the tibia. Nevertheless, studies of living hominoids and modern human athletes have demonstrated that the structural properties of the fibula are significantly correlated with mobility patterns. This study assess variation in fibular cross-sectional properties (CA, I max , I min , and J) within a sample of 155 individuals from the Late Upper Paleo-lithic (LUP), Neolithic and Iron Age of Italy, Medieval Germany, and contemporary athletes (long distance runners, field hockey players) and controls. The aim of this research is to investigate the correspondence between fibular diaphyseal properties and inferred mobility patterns in past populations. Cross-sectional measurements were taken at the midshaft, and both fibular rigidity and the ratio of tibial to fibular rigidity were analyzed (see Marchi, 2007). LUP, Neolithic and Iron Age samples display the highe...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17034171" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e8326aadcba1d1f4bd45b03a423e41f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39314507,"asset_id":17034171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39314507/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36585760" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4">Colin Shaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36585760" type="text/json">{"id":36585760,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColinShaw4","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4?f_ri=219868","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17034171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17034171"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17034171, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17034171", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17034171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17034171; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17034171"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17034171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17034171"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17034171; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17034171]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17034171").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17034171").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17034171"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42996" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42996" type="text/json">{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659082" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns">Human Mobility Patterns</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="659082" type="text/json">{"id":659082,"name":"Human Mobility Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17034171]'), work: {"id":17034171,"title":"Can fibular robusticity be used to infer mobility patterns in past populations?","created_at":"2015-10-20T02:50:13.975-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17034171/Can_fibular_robusticity_be_used_to_infer_mobility_patterns_in_past_populations?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_17034171","summary":"Because of their role in weight bearing, the bones normally used to infer mobility patterns in past populations are the femur and the tibia. Nevertheless, studies of living hominoids and modern human athletes have demonstrated that the structural properties of the fibula are significantly correlated with mobility patterns. This study assess variation in fibular cross-sectional properties (CA, I max , I min , and J) within a sample of 155 individuals from the Late Upper Paleo-lithic (LUP), Neolithic and Iron Age of Italy, Medieval Germany, and contemporary athletes (long distance runners, field hockey players) and controls. The aim of this research is to investigate the correspondence between fibular diaphyseal properties and inferred mobility patterns in past populations. Cross-sectional measurements were taken at the midshaft, and both fibular rigidity and the ratio of tibial to fibular rigidity were analyzed (see Marchi, 2007). LUP, Neolithic and Iron Age samples display the highe...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39314507,"asset_id":17034171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36585760,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColinShaw4","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4?f_ri=219868","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":659082,"name":"Human Mobility Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13700209" data-work_id="13700209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13700209/Using_the_morphology_of_the_hominoid_distal_fibula_to_interpret_arboreality_in_Australopithecus_afarensis">Using the morphology of the hominoid distal fibula to interpret arboreality in Australopithecus afarensis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The fibula has rarely been considered in anthropological studies. However differences in morphology - and inferred function - of the fibula between human and non-human apes have been noted in the past and related to differences in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13700209" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The fibula has rarely been considered in anthropological studies. However differences in morphology - and inferred function - of the fibula between human and non-human apes have been noted in the past and related to differences in locomotor behavior. Recent studies have pointed out the correlation between diaphyseal rigidity of the fibula and tibia and locomotor behavior in living hominids, and its possible application for inferring early hominin locomotor behavior. The problem with the application of the method proposed in these studies is the extreme rarity of associated early hominin fibula and tibia. Additionally, previous studies investigating morphological traits of fibulotalar articular facets to infer the <br />degree of arboreality in fossil australopiths were often qualitative. In the present study, articular measurements of the distal fibula of living great apes and humans (Pongo, Gorilla, Pan and Homo) are quantified and compared to Australopithecus afarensis distal fibulae. Quantitative analysis is carried out for articular areas and breadths of the fibulotalar articular facets, for the angles formed by the fibulotalar articular facets and the longitudinal axis of the fibula, and for the angle between the proximal fibulotalar articular facet and the subcutaneous triangular area. Results show that the fibula of A. afarensis bears some traits consistent with modern terrestrial bipedalism, like a more laterally facing lateral malleolus, in association with more ape-like traits, like the smaller distal fibulotalar articular facet area and the more inferiorly oriented fibulotalar articular facets, consistent with A. afarensis being a terrestrial hominin adapted for some form of arboreality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13700209" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="024519fed942f57f6952f9c3a1f56f9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38383261,"asset_id":13700209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38383261/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13700209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13700209"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13700209, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13700209", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13700209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13700209").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13700209").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13700209"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168993" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreality_Vs_Terrestriality">Arboreality Vs Terrestriality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="168993" type="text/json">{"id":168993,"name":"Arboreality Vs Terrestriality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreality_Vs_Terrestriality?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula_structure">Fibula structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219545" type="text/json">{"id":219545,"name":"Fibula structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula_structure?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="473007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominins">Early Hominins</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="473007" type="text/json">{"id":473007,"name":"Early Hominins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominins?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13700209]'), work: {"id":13700209,"title":"Using the morphology of the hominoid distal fibula to interpret arboreality in Australopithecus afarensis","created_at":"2015-07-06T06:16:59.038-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13700209/Using_the_morphology_of_the_hominoid_distal_fibula_to_interpret_arboreality_in_Australopithecus_afarensis?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_13700209","summary":"The fibula has rarely been considered in anthropological studies. However differences in morphology - and inferred function - of the fibula between human and non-human apes have been noted in the past and related to differences in locomotor behavior. Recent studies have pointed out the correlation between diaphyseal rigidity of the fibula and tibia and locomotor behavior in living hominids, and its possible application for inferring early hominin locomotor behavior. The problem with the application of the method proposed in these studies is the extreme rarity of associated early hominin fibula and tibia. Additionally, previous studies investigating morphological traits of fibulotalar articular facets to infer the\r\ndegree of arboreality in fossil australopiths were often qualitative. In the present study, articular measurements of the distal fibula of living great apes and humans (Pongo, Gorilla, Pan and Homo) are quantified and compared to Australopithecus afarensis distal fibulae. Quantitative analysis is carried out for articular areas and breadths of the fibulotalar articular facets, for the angles formed by the fibulotalar articular facets and the longitudinal axis of the fibula, and for the angle between the proximal fibulotalar articular facet and the subcutaneous triangular area. Results show that the fibula of A. afarensis bears some traits consistent with modern terrestrial bipedalism, like a more laterally facing lateral malleolus, in association with more ape-like traits, like the smaller distal fibulotalar articular facet area and the more inferiorly oriented fibulotalar articular facets, consistent with A. afarensis being a terrestrial hominin adapted for some form of arboreality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38383261,"asset_id":13700209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":168993,"name":"Arboreality Vs Terrestriality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreality_Vs_Terrestriality?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219545,"name":"Fibula structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula_structure?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":473007,"name":"Early Hominins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominins?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":1298116,"name":"Hominoid Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominoid_Locomotion?f_ri=219868"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_703881" data-work_id="703881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/703881/Mobility_and_Lower_Limb_Robusticity_of_a_Pastoralist_Neolithic_Population_from_North_Western_Italy">Mobility and Lower Limb Robusticity of a Pastoralist Neolithic Population from North‐Western Italy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/703881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4aacc1c992f3cca95ab8dbb838ddd9ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51282877,"asset_id":703881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51282877/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="116376" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw">Colin Shaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="116376" type="text/json">{"id":116376,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CShaw","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116376/31280/579509/s65_colin.shaw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_703881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="703881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 703881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_703881", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_703881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 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type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2364" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology">Paleopathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2364" type="text/json">{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities">Mobility/Mobilities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2409" type="text/json">{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=703881]'), work: {"id":703881,"title":"Mobility and 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Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868"},{"id":313518,"name":"Activity patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity_patterns?f_ri=219868"},{"id":390582,"name":"Subsitence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsitence?f_ri=219868"},{"id":502651,"name":"Long Bone Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bone_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8008299" data-work_id="8008299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8008299/Chapter_6_The_Importance_of_Considering_Fibular_Robusticity_When_Inferring_the_Mobility_Patterns_of_Past_Populations">Chapter 6. The Importance of Considering Fibular Robusticity When Inferring the Mobility Patterns of Past Populations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this chapter we investigate the lower limb structural rigidity (using cross-sectional geometric properties of the diaphyseal midshaft) within a sample of 124 individuals from the Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8008299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this chapter we investigate the lower limb structural rigidity (using cross-sectional geometric properties of the diaphyseal midshaft) within a sample of 124 individuals from the Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age from Italy, Medieval Germany, and twenty-first Century Britain (long distance runners, field hockey players, and sedentary controls). Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age samples were settled in rugged areas, whereas the other samples inhabited plain areas. The aim of this study is to assess whether fibular diaphyseal properties reflect mobility patterns or terrain properties in past populations. Both fibular rigidity and relative fibular rigidity ratio (fibula/tibia) have been analyzed. Results reveal that Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age samples show high fibular rigidity and have values of relative fibular rigidity that are most similar to modern hockey players. The relative fibular diaphyseal rigidity of hockey players has been previously explained as the consequence of their dynamic and repetitive change of direction. Late Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic individuals are thought to have been highly terrestrially mobile, while Iron Age people were probably fairly sedentary. However, all of the three groups lived in areas of uneven terrain. We concluded that fibular rigidity and relative fibular rigidity are influenced by factorsthat increase foot eversion/inversion such as frequent directional changes and uneven terrain. The results of this study suggest that inclusion of the fibula provides a valuable additional perspective that complements traditional predictions of mobility patterns based on the femur or the tibia alone.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8008299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5bcdf3cb3b9aa27a494bca2ac7e9bfe3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34854244,"asset_id":8008299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34854244/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8008299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8008299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8008299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8008299", }); 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The Importance of Considering Fibular Robusticity When Inferring the Mobility Patterns of Past Populations","created_at":"2014-08-18T01:00:31.150-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8008299/Chapter_6_The_Importance_of_Considering_Fibular_Robusticity_When_Inferring_the_Mobility_Patterns_of_Past_Populations?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_8008299","summary":"In this chapter we investigate the lower limb structural rigidity (using cross-sectional geometric properties of the diaphyseal midshaft) within a sample of 124 individuals from the Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age from Italy, Medieval Germany, and twenty-first Century Britain (long distance runners, field hockey players, and sedentary controls). Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age samples were settled in rugged areas, whereas the other samples inhabited plain areas. The aim of this study is to assess whether fibular diaphyseal properties reflect mobility patterns or terrain properties in past populations. Both fibular rigidity and relative fibular rigidity ratio (fibula/tibia) have been analyzed. Results reveal that Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age samples show high fibular rigidity and have values of relative fibular rigidity that are most similar to modern hockey players. The relative fibular diaphyseal rigidity of hockey players has been previously explained as the consequence of their dynamic and repetitive change of direction. Late Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic individuals are thought to have been highly terrestrially mobile, while Iron Age people were probably fairly sedentary. However, all of the three groups lived in areas of uneven terrain. We concluded that fibular rigidity and relative fibular rigidity are influenced by factorsthat increase foot eversion/inversion such as frequent directional changes and uneven terrain. The results of this study suggest that inclusion of the fibula provides a valuable additional perspective that complements traditional predictions of mobility patterns based on the femur or the tibia alone.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34854244,"asset_id":8008299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":85903,"name":"Tibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":168989,"name":"Terrain Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrain_Conformation?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868"},{"id":366875,"name":"Fibulae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibulae?f_ri=219868"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6166453" data-work_id="6166453" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6166453/Does_variation_in_fibular_robusticity_reflect_variation_in_mobility_patterns_">Does variation in fibular robusticity reflect variation in mobility patterns?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166453" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c3f8d0e3e2817194407610a0158c3ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33053862,"asset_id":6166453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33053862/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6166453 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6166453"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6166453, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6166453", }); 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Applying cladistic rules, rapidly evolving systems such as chromosomal variability in Platyrrhinae provide a notable phylogenetic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6166306" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Different approaches have been applied to study Platyrrhinae phylogeny but the discussion is controversial. Applying cladistic rules, rapidly evolving systems such as chromosomal variability in Platyrrhinae provide a notable phylogenetic resolution. We used the single locus specific probe mapping with a higher level of painting resolution to clarify evolution and taxonomy of Platyrrhinae. The Willams-Beuren probe (localized in 7q 11.23) contains several genes such as the elastine one (ELM), which has been mapped on the chromosomes of three species of New World monkeys, recently proposed by molecular genomics: Callithrix argentata (bare ear marmoset/silvery marmoset, 2n = 44; Cebidae), Callicebus cupreus (red titi monkey/ coppery monkey, 2n = 46; Pitheciidae), and Alouatta caraya (black and gold howler, 2n = 52; Atelidae). In Alouatta caraya and Callithrix argentata, the WS probe falls (in agreement with published painting data) on the smallest of the two segments orthologous to human chromosome 7. This fragment is associated with human chromosome 5 synteny by a translocation. In Callicebus cupreus we describe a micro-translocation not identified by painting; this result indicates the usefulness of this approach. The locus specific probe WB on the three species shows that the locus ELM has coherent orthologous sequences in Platyrrhinae and that this syntenic organisation probably predates the Catarrhinae-Platyrrhinae divergence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166306" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70854c75671bad056abadc1c0e7671b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33053755,"asset_id":6166306,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33053755/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6166306 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6166306"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6166306, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6166306", }); 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Applying cladistic rules, rapidly evolving systems such as chromosomal variability in Platyrrhinae provide a notable phylogenetic resolution. We used the single locus specific probe mapping with a higher level of painting resolution to clarify evolution and taxonomy of Platyrrhinae. The Willams-Beuren probe (localized in 7q 11.23) contains several genes such as the elastine one (ELM), which has been mapped on the chromosomes of three species of New World monkeys, recently proposed by molecular genomics: Callithrix argentata (bare ear marmoset/silvery marmoset, 2n = 44; Cebidae), Callicebus cupreus (red titi monkey/ coppery monkey, 2n = 46; Pitheciidae), and Alouatta caraya (black and gold howler, 2n = 52; Atelidae). In Alouatta caraya and Callithrix argentata, the WS probe falls (in agreement with published painting data) on the smallest of the two segments orthologous to human chromosome 7. This fragment is associated with human chromosome 5 synteny by a translocation. In Callicebus cupreus we describe a micro-translocation not identified by painting; this result indicates the usefulness of this approach. The locus specific probe WB on the three species shows that the locus ELM has coherent orthologous sequences in Platyrrhinae and that this syntenic organisation probably predates the Catarrhinae-Platyrrhinae divergence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33053755,"asset_id":6166306,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":1299102,"name":"Arboreal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}]}, }) } 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6166581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6166581").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6166581").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6166581"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9658" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion">Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9658" type="text/json">{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6166581]'), work: {"id":6166581,"title":"Relative robusticity of the Homo floresiensis tibia and fibula.","created_at":"2014-02-21T22:40:02.247-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6166581/Relative_robusticity_of_the_Homo_floresiensis_tibia_and_fibula?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_6166581","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33053951,"asset_id":6166581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70818093" data-work_id="70818093" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70818093/Does_variation_in_fibular_robusticity_reflect_variation_in_mobility_patterns">Does variation in fibular robusticity reflect variation in mobility patterns</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70818093" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70818093 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70818093"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70818093, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70818093", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70818093 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70818093; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70818093"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70818093 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70818093"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70818093; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70818093]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70818093").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70818093").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70818093"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42996" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42996" type="text/json">{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes">Athletes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219568" type="text/json">{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70818093]'), work: {"id":70818093,"title":"Does variation in fibular robusticity reflect variation in mobility patterns","created_at":"2022-02-07T01:04:07.852-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70818093/Does_variation_in_fibular_robusticity_reflect_variation_in_mobility_patterns?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_70818093","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63627198" data-work_id="63627198" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63627198/Tibia_and_Fibula_Strength_and_Locomotor_Behaviour_in_Hominoids">Tibia and Fibula Strength and Locomotor Behaviour in Hominoids</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Different approaches have been applied to study Platyrrhinae phylogeny but the discussion is controversial. Applying cladistic rules, rapidly evolving systems such as chromosomal variability in Platyrrhinae provide a notable phylogenetic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63627198" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Different approaches have been applied to study Platyrrhinae phylogeny but the discussion is controversial. Applying cladistic rules, rapidly evolving systems such as chromosomal variability in Platyrrhinae provide a notable phylogenetic resolution. We used the single locus specific probe mapping with a higher level of painting resolution to clarify evolution and taxonomy of Platyrrhinae. The Willams-Beuren probe (localized in 7q 11.23) contains several genes such as the elastine one (ELM), which has been mapped on the chromosomes of three species of New World monkeys, recently proposed by molecular genomics: Callithrix argentata (bare ear marmoset/silvery marmoset, 2n = 44; Cebidae), Callicebus cupreus (red titi monkey/ coppery monkey, 2n = 46; Pitheciidae), and Alouatta caraya (black and gold howler, 2n = 52; Atelidae). In Alouatta caraya and Callithrix argentata, the WS probe falls (in agreement with published painting data) on the smallest of the two segments orthologous to human chromosome 7. This fragment is associated with human chromosome 5 synteny by a translocation. In Callicebus cupreus we describe a micro-translocation not identified by painting; this result indicates the usefulness of this approach. The locus specific probe WB on the three species shows that the locus ELM has coherent orthologous sequences in Platyrrhinae and that this syntenic organisation probably predates the Catarrhinae-Platyrrhinae divergence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63627198" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8235598686ef450a935a5141ea888181" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75993757,"asset_id":63627198,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75993757/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63627198 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63627198"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63627198, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63627198", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63627198 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63627198; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63627198"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63627198 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63627198"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63627198; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63627198]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63627198").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63627198").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63627198"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1299102" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion">Arboreal Locomotion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1299102" type="text/json">{"id":1299102,"name":"Arboreal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63627198]'), work: {"id":63627198,"title":"Tibia and Fibula Strength and Locomotor Behaviour in Hominoids","created_at":"2021-12-09T01:26:30.178-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63627198/Tibia_and_Fibula_Strength_and_Locomotor_Behaviour_in_Hominoids?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_63627198","summary":"Different approaches have been applied to study Platyrrhinae phylogeny but the discussion is controversial. Applying cladistic rules, rapidly evolving systems such as chromosomal variability in Platyrrhinae provide a notable phylogenetic resolution. We used the single locus specific probe mapping with a higher level of painting resolution to clarify evolution and taxonomy of Platyrrhinae. The Willams-Beuren probe (localized in 7q 11.23) contains several genes such as the elastine one (ELM), which has been mapped on the chromosomes of three species of New World monkeys, recently proposed by molecular genomics: Callithrix argentata (bare ear marmoset/silvery marmoset, 2n = 44; Cebidae), Callicebus cupreus (red titi monkey/ coppery monkey, 2n = 46; Pitheciidae), and Alouatta caraya (black and gold howler, 2n = 52; Atelidae). In Alouatta caraya and Callithrix argentata, the WS probe falls (in agreement with published painting data) on the smallest of the two segments orthologous to human chromosome 7. This fragment is associated with human chromosome 5 synteny by a translocation. In Callicebus cupreus we describe a micro-translocation not identified by painting; this result indicates the usefulness of this approach. The locus specific probe WB on the three species shows that the locus ELM has coherent orthologous sequences in Platyrrhinae and that this syntenic organisation probably predates the Catarrhinae-Platyrrhinae divergence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75993757,"asset_id":63627198,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":1299102,"name":"Arboreal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43391878" data-work_id="43391878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43391878/Split_depression_fracture_of_medial_tibial_plateau_seldom_isolated_An_interesting_insight">Split depression fracture of medial tibial plateau, seldom isolated: An interesting insight</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Did we stumble upon a quagmire fracture? Or did we ignore the mechanism of injury? Significance of isolated split depression fracture of medial tibial plateau is less understood in contrast to lateral tibial plateau fractures. Extreme... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43391878" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Did we stumble upon a quagmire fracture? Or did we ignore the mechanism of injury? <br /> Significance of isolated split depression fracture of medial tibial plateau is less understood in contrast to lateral tibial plateau fractures. Extreme forces are required to fracture medial tibial plateau which has a thicker and stronger construct of cartilage and subchondral bone, this makes it highly unlikely to occur in isolation. In this case report of isolated split depression fracture of medial tibial plateau, we would like to discuss the possible cause, mechanism of injury and the importance of identifying the concomitant injuries. Which would significantly alter the course of management and functional outcome.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43391878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3b77119598a4b0a88a1c0d43334796b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63688046,"asset_id":43391878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63688046/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="133872904" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mithunshetty8">mithun shetty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="133872904" type="text/json">{"id":133872904,"first_name":"mithun","last_name":"shetty","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mithunshetty8","display_name":"mithun shetty","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/mithunshetty8?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/133872904/35176146/30617600/s65_mithun.shetty.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43391878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43391878"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43391878, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43391878", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43391878]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43391878").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43391878").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43391878"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="628" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopedic_Surgery">Orthopedic Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="628" type="text/json">{"id":628,"name":"Orthopedic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopedic_Surgery?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35686" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma">Trauma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35686" type="text/json">{"id":35686,"name":"Trauma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85903" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia">Tibia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85903" type="text/json">{"id":85903,"name":"Tibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43391878]'), work: {"id":43391878,"title":"Split depression fracture of medial tibial plateau, seldom isolated: An interesting insight","created_at":"2020-06-20T05:36:43.625-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43391878/Split_depression_fracture_of_medial_tibial_plateau_seldom_isolated_An_interesting_insight?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_43391878","summary":"Did we stumble upon a quagmire fracture? Or did we ignore the mechanism of injury? \n Significance of isolated split depression fracture of medial tibial plateau is less understood in contrast to lateral tibial plateau fractures. Extreme forces are required to fracture medial tibial plateau which has a thicker and stronger construct of cartilage and subchondral bone, this makes it highly unlikely to occur in isolation. In this case report of isolated split depression fracture of medial tibial plateau, we would like to discuss the possible cause, mechanism of injury and the importance of identifying the concomitant injuries. Which would significantly alter the course of management and functional outcome.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63688046,"asset_id":43391878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":133872904,"first_name":"mithun","last_name":"shetty","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mithunshetty8","display_name":"mithun shetty","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/mithunshetty8?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/133872904/35176146/30617600/s65_mithun.shetty.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":628,"name":"Orthopedic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopedic_Surgery?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":35686,"name":"Trauma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":85903,"name":"Tibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17034132" data-work_id="17034132" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17034132/Variation_in_fibular_robusticity_reflects_variation_in_mobility_patterns">Variation in fibular robusticity reflects variation in mobility patterns</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During hominin plantigrade locomotion, the weight-bearing function of the fibula has been considered negligible. Nevertheless, studies conducted on human samples have demonstrated that, even if less than that of the tibia, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17034132" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During hominin plantigrade locomotion, the weight-bearing function of the fibula has been considered negligible. Nevertheless, studies conducted on human samples have demonstrated that, even if less than that of the tibia, the load-bearing function of the fibula still represents a considerable portion of the entire load borne by the leg. The present study assesses whether variation in habitual lower limb loading influences fibular morphology in a predictable manner. To achieve this, both fibular and tibial morphology were compared amongst modern human athletes (field hockey players and cross-country runners) and matched sedentary controls. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to capture two-dimensional, cross-sectional bone images. Geometric properties were measured at the midshaft for each bone. Results show a trend of increased fibular rigidity from control to runners through to field hockey players. Moreover, relative fibular robusticity (fibula/tibia) is significantly greater in hockey players compared with runners. These results are likely the consequence of habitual loading patterns performed by these athletes. Specifically, the repeated directional changes associated with field hockey increase the mediolateral loading on the lower leg in a manner that would not necessarily be expected during cross-country running. The present study validates the use of the fibula in association with the tibia as a mean to provide a more complete picture of leg bone functional adaptations. Therefore, the fibula can be added to the list of bones generally used (tibia and femur) to assess the correspondence between mobility patterns and skeletal morphology for past human populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17034132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a58f74d61cf2cf5ac9231742359b07ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39314521,"asset_id":17034132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39314521/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36585760" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4">Colin Shaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36585760" type="text/json">{"id":36585760,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColinShaw4","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4?f_ri=219868","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17034132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17034132"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17034132, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17034132", }); 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Nevertheless, studies conducted on human samples have demonstrated that, even if less than that of the tibia, the load-bearing function of the fibula still represents a considerable portion of the entire load borne by the leg. The present study assesses whether variation in habitual lower limb loading influences fibular morphology in a predictable manner. To achieve this, both fibular and tibial morphology were compared amongst modern human athletes (field hockey players and cross-country runners) and matched sedentary controls. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to capture two-dimensional, cross-sectional bone images. Geometric properties were measured at the midshaft for each bone. Results show a trend of increased fibular rigidity from control to runners through to field hockey players. Moreover, relative fibular robusticity (fibula/tibia) is significantly greater in hockey players compared with runners. These results are likely the consequence of habitual loading patterns performed by these athletes. Specifically, the repeated directional changes associated with field hockey increase the mediolateral loading on the lower leg in a manner that would not necessarily be expected during cross-country running. The present study validates the use of the fibula in association with the tibia as a mean to provide a more complete picture of leg bone functional adaptations. Therefore, the fibula can be added to the list of bones generally used (tibia and femur) to assess the correspondence between mobility patterns and skeletal morphology for past human populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39314521,"asset_id":17034132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36585760,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColinShaw4","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4?f_ri=219868","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=219868"},{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities?f_ri=219868"},{"id":18561,"name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868"},{"id":21187,"name":"Running","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Running?f_ri=219868"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=219868"},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868"},{"id":85893,"name":"Fibula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula?f_ri=219868"},{"id":85903,"name":"Tibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia?f_ri=219868"},{"id":112039,"name":"Hockey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hockey?f_ri=219868"},{"id":219546,"name":"Mobility Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Patterns?f_ri=219868"},{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes?f_ri=219868"},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868"},{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=219868"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=219868"},{"id":516545,"name":"Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Quantitative_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=219868"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=219868"},{"id":561304,"name":"Lower limb","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_limb?f_ri=219868"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=219868"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6166603" data-work_id="6166603" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6166603/Can_fibular_robusticity_be_used_to_infer_mobility_patterns_in_past_populations">Can fibular robusticity be used to infer mobility patterns in past populations?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166603" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="489a62b1765f7cc0dc0682bbba8078ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33053957,"asset_id":6166603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6166603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6166603"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6166603, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6166603", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6166603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6166603; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6166603"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659082" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns">Human Mobility Patterns</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="659082" type="text/json">{"id":659082,"name":"Human Mobility Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6166603]'), work: {"id":6166603,"title":"Can fibular robusticity be used to infer mobility patterns in past populations?","created_at":"2014-02-21T22:42:06.214-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6166603/Can_fibular_robusticity_be_used_to_infer_mobility_patterns_in_past_populations?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_6166603","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33053957,"asset_id":6166603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":659082,"name":"Human Mobility Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_944082" data-work_id="944082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/944082/Variation_in_fibular_robusticity_reflects_variation_in_mobility_patterns">Variation in fibular robusticity reflects variation in mobility patterns</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"During hominin plantigrade locomotion, the weight-bearing function of the fibula has been considered negligible. Nevertheless, studies conducted on human samples have demonstrated that, even if less than that of the tibia, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_944082" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"During hominin plantigrade locomotion, the weight-bearing function of the fibula has been considered negligible. Nevertheless, studies conducted on human samples have demonstrated that, even if less than that of the tibia, the load-bearing function of the fibula still represents a considerable portion of the entire load borne by the leg. The present study assesses whether variation in habitual lower limb loading <br />influences fibular morphology in a predictable manner. To achieve this, both fibular and tibial morphology were compared amongst modern human athletes (field hockey players and cross-country runners) and matched sedentary controls. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to <br />capture two-dimensional, cross-sectional bone images. Geometric properties were measured at the midshaft for each bone. Results show a trend of increased fibular rigidity from control to runners through to field hockey players. Moreover, relative fibular robusticity (fibula/tibia) is significantly greater in <br />hockey players compared with runners. These results are likely the consequence of habitual loading patterns performed by these athletes. Specifically, the repeated directional changes associated with field hockey increase the mediolateral loading on the lower leg in a manner that would not necessarily be <br />expected during cross-country running. The present study validates the use of the fibula in association with the tibia as a mean to provide a more complete picture of leg bone functional adaptations. Therefore, the fibula can be added to the list of bones generally used (tibia and femur) to assess the correspondence between mobility patterns and skeletal morphology for past human populations."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/944082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1fdf9bebd197895761d9ea222f72a2f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32408708,"asset_id":944082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32408708/download_file?st=MTczMzk2NjM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="116376" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw">Colin Shaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="116376" type="text/json">{"id":116376,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CShaw","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116376/31280/579509/s65_colin.shaw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_944082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="944082"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 944082, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_944082", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=944082]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_944082").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_944082").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="944082"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities">Mobility/Mobilities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2409" type="text/json">{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66145" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution">Hominin evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66145" type="text/json">{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=944082]'), work: {"id":944082,"title":"Variation in fibular robusticity reflects variation in mobility patterns","created_at":"2011-09-23T07:16:49.527-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/944082/Variation_in_fibular_robusticity_reflects_variation_in_mobility_patterns?f_ri=219868","dom_id":"work_944082","summary":"\"During hominin plantigrade locomotion, the weight-bearing function of the fibula has been considered negligible. Nevertheless, studies conducted on human samples have demonstrated that, even if less than that of the tibia, the load-bearing function of the fibula still represents a considerable portion of the entire load borne by the leg. The present study assesses whether variation in habitual lower limb loading\r\ninfluences fibular morphology in a predictable manner. To achieve this, both fibular and tibial morphology were compared amongst modern human athletes (field hockey players and cross-country runners) and matched sedentary controls. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to\r\ncapture two-dimensional, cross-sectional bone images. Geometric properties were measured at the midshaft for each bone. Results show a trend of increased fibular rigidity from control to runners through to field hockey players. Moreover, relative fibular robusticity (fibula/tibia) is significantly greater in\r\nhockey players compared with runners. These results are likely the consequence of habitual loading patterns performed by these athletes. Specifically, the repeated directional changes associated with field hockey increase the mediolateral loading on the lower leg in a manner that would not necessarily be\r\nexpected during cross-country running. The present study validates the use of the fibula in association with the tibia as a mean to provide a more complete picture of leg bone functional adaptations. Therefore, the fibula can be added to the list of bones generally used (tibia and femur) to assess the correspondence between mobility patterns and skeletal morphology for past human populations.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32408708,"asset_id":944082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116376,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CShaw","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw?f_ri=219868","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116376/31280/579509/s65_colin.shaw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=219868","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Structure">Tibia Structure</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="85895">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" 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