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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Cross-Sectional Geometry</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">20 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Cross-Sectional Geometry</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39327524 coauthored" data-work_id="39327524" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39327524/ASSESSMENT_OF_PRACTICES_AND_CHALLENGES_RELATED_TO_HIV_STATUS_DISCLOSURE_TO_MINORS_ATTENDING_CLINIC_AT_LONGISA_COUNTY_REFERRAL_HOSPITAL_BOMET_COUNTY">ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES RELATED TO HIV STATUS DISCLOSURE TO MINORS ATTENDING CLINIC AT LONGISA COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL, BOMET COUNTY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study assessed the practices and challenges of the health care professionals (HCPs) and care givers in relation to HIV status disclosure to minors attending clinic at Longisa County Referral Hospital (LCRH) in Bomet County, Kenya. It... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39327524" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study assessed the practices and challenges of the health care professionals (HCPs) and care givers in relation to HIV status disclosure to minors attending clinic at Longisa County Referral Hospital (LCRH) in Bomet County, Kenya. It was conducted between April 2017 and October 2017. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed with census sampling method used for the HCPs and purposive sampling for care givers. A total of 18 HCPs and 140 care givers participated in the study. The study revealed that most of the minors (62.35%) at LCRH had been informed of their HIV status. Some of the factors identified to facilitate disclosure included minor inquisitiveness, child being sickly, child nearing puberty, suspicion that the child was sexually active. While those hindering included: fear of child's reaction, stigma, and lack of knowledge by care givers, culture, and child being young among others. The HCPs reported facing challenges of: lack of cooperation from care givers, stigma associated with HIV, cultural beliefs that hinder disclosure, lack of clear guidelines on disclosure and lack of formal training on disclosure. While care givers reported: fears of how the child will react, not knowing how to disclose, not knowing the exact words to use, minimal support from HCPs and discouragement from family members and friends. The study recommended sensitization of the community and enhanced educational programs to address stigma, and enhanced support group activities to facilitate disclosure, as well as the institution to organize for formal training for staff on disclosure counseling.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39327524" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bd18519573fb6ee7b3961c3cc8c2d2f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59466779,"asset_id":39327524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59466779/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50796359" href="https://pr.academia.edu/IJIRISJournalDivision">IJIRIS Journal Division</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50796359" type="text/json">{"id":50796359,"first_name":"IJIRIS","last_name":"Journal Division","domain_name":"pr","page_name":"IJIRISJournalDivision","display_name":"IJIRIS Journal Division","profile_url":"https://pr.academia.edu/IJIRISJournalDivision?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50796359/13429193/35162714/s65_ijiris.journal_division.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39327524">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39327524"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FredrickWekesaWanyonyi">Fredrick Wekesa Wanyonyi,</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoyceOwino1">Joyce Owino</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ueab.academia.edu/ElizabethRole">Elizabeth Role</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39327524'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39327524').html(); 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It was conducted between April 2017 and October 2017. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed with census sampling method used for the HCPs and purposive sampling for care givers. A total of 18 HCPs and 140 care givers participated in the study. The study revealed that most of the minors (62.35%) at LCRH had been informed of their HIV status. Some of the factors identified to facilitate disclosure included minor inquisitiveness, child being sickly, child nearing puberty, suspicion that the child was sexually active. While those hindering included: fear of child's reaction, stigma, and lack of knowledge by care givers, culture, and child being young among others. The HCPs reported facing challenges of: lack of cooperation from care givers, stigma associated with HIV, cultural beliefs that hinder disclosure, lack of clear guidelines on disclosure and lack of formal training on disclosure. While care givers reported: fears of how the child will react, not knowing how to disclose, not knowing the exact words to use, minimal support from HCPs and discouragement from family members and friends. The study recommended sensitization of the community and enhanced educational programs to address stigma, and enhanced support group activities to facilitate disclosure, as well as the institution to organize for formal training for staff on disclosure counseling.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59466779,"asset_id":39327524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50796359,"first_name":"IJIRIS","last_name":"Journal Division","domain_name":"pr","page_name":"IJIRISJournalDivision","display_name":"IJIRIS Journal Division","profile_url":"https://pr.academia.edu/IJIRISJournalDivision?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50796359/13429193/35162714/s65_ijiris.journal_division.jpg"},{"id":116515849,"first_name":"Fredrick Wekesa","last_name":"Wanyonyi,","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FredrickWekesaWanyonyi","display_name":"Fredrick Wekesa Wanyonyi,","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FredrickWekesaWanyonyi?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":116333769,"first_name":"Joyce","last_name":"Owino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoyceOwino1","display_name":"Joyce Owino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoyceOwino1?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":14757798,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Role","domain_name":"ueab","page_name":"ElizabethRole","display_name":"Elizabeth Role","profile_url":"https://ueab.academia.edu/ElizabethRole?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14757798/11402244/12718363/s65_elizabeth.role.jpg_oh_6d2aeeb751a36cbe3ae2c3f59e4d5d20_oe_57335242"}],"research_interests":[{"id":65091,"name":"HIV / AIDS treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS_treatment?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":96084,"name":"HIV and AIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_and_AIDS?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":115705,"name":"HIV Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_Prevention?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":148859,"name":"Cross-Sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Study?f_ri=71579"},{"id":189872,"name":"Fcc \u0026 Hcp Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fcc_and_Hcp_Structures?f_ri=71579"},{"id":228915,"name":"Unaccompanied Refugee Minors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unaccompanied_Refugee_Minors?f_ri=71579"},{"id":243632,"name":"Health Care Professionals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Professionals?f_ri=71579"},{"id":628682,"name":"Minors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minors?f_ri=71579"},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=71579"},{"id":994290,"name":"Cross Sectional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8630244 coauthored" data-work_id="8630244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8630244/Studio_antropologico_delle_antiche_comunit%C3%A0_di_agricoltori_del_Neolitico_pugliese">Studio antropologico delle antiche comunità di agricoltori del Neolitico pugliese</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work is based on archaeological, anthropological and paleopathological data from a sample of skeletons found in the central area of Apulia from the Early Neolithic to the Late-Final and it gives a reconstructive framework of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8630244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work is based on archaeological, anthropological and paleopathological data from a sample of skeletons found in the central area of Apulia from the Early Neolithic to the Late-Final and it gives a reconstructive framework of the ancient community modus vivendi such as farmers and temporal trend of nutritional status, work conditions and territorial mobility.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8630244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c1c6af137e64de902c676653744485b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49930703,"asset_id":8630244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49930703/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-8630244">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-8630244"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uniba-it.academia.edu/MariateresaCappiello">Mariateresa Cappiello</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LauraDeNicola">Laura De Nicola</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/adelebarbieri">Adele Barbieri</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uv.academia.edu/GinevraPanzarino">Ginevra Panzarino</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-8630244'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: 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container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8630244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8630244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8630244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8630244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8630244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8630244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8630244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11199" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology">Neolithic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11199" type="text/json">{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy">Taphonomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15780" type="text/json">{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25502" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Transition">Neolithic Transition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25502" type="text/json">{"id":25502,"name":"Neolithic Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Transition?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8630244]'), work: {"id":8630244,"title":"Studio antropologico delle antiche comunità di agricoltori del Neolitico 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Saponetti","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/sandrosublimi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/810498/760238/14723540/s65_sandro.sublimi_saponetti.jpg"},{"id":13204791,"first_name":"Mariateresa","last_name":"Cappiello","domain_name":"uniba-it","page_name":"MariateresaCappiello","display_name":"Mariateresa Cappiello","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/MariateresaCappiello?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13204791/3715098/4353179/s65_mariateresa.cappiello.jpg"},{"id":26637933,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"De Nicola","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LauraDeNicola","display_name":"Laura De Nicola","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LauraDeNicola?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26637933/15844808/30882203/s65_laura.de_nicola.jpg"},{"id":814444,"first_name":"Adele","last_name":"Barbieri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"adelebarbieri","display_name":"Adele Barbieri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/adelebarbieri?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/814444/133635263/123067001/s65_adele.barbieri.jpeg"},{"id":273503,"first_name":"Ginevra","last_name":"Panzarino","domain_name":"uv","page_name":"GinevraPanzarino","display_name":"Ginevra Panzarino","profile_url":"https://uv.academia.edu/GinevraPanzarino?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/273503/62277/49177199/s65_ginevra.panzarino.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":25502,"name":"Neolithic Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Transition?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7456265" data-work_id="7456265" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7456265/Investigating_Activity_and_Mobility_Patterns_during_the_mid_Holocene_in_northern_Vietnam">Investigating Activity and Mobility Patterns during the mid-Holocene in northern Vietnam</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In recent years the bioarchaeology of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands has seen enormous progress. This new and exciting research is synthesised, contextualised and expanded upon in The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7456265" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In recent years the bioarchaeology of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands has seen enormous progress. This new and exciting research is synthesised, contextualised and expanded upon in The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7456265" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dfdd5fa02862105ff919e8ef78a9132e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40801821,"asset_id":7456265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40801821/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="712904" href="https://si.academia.edu/DamienHuffer">Damien Huffer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="712904" type="text/json">{"id":712904,"first_name":"Damien","last_name":"Huffer","domain_name":"si","page_name":"DamienHuffer","display_name":"Damien Huffer","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/DamienHuffer?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/712904/241844/285986/s65_damien.huffer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7456265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7456265"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7456265, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7456265", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7456265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7456265; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7456265"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7456265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7456265"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7456265; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7456265]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7456265").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7456265").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7456265"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Archaeology">Southeast Asian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13299" type="text/json">{"id":13299,"name":"Southeast Asian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59379" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Stress_Markers_MSM_">Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="59379" type="text/json">{"id":59379,"name":"Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Stress_Markers_MSM_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7456265]'), work: {"id":7456265,"title":"Investigating Activity and Mobility Patterns during the mid-Holocene in northern Vietnam","created_at":"2014-06-25T02:37:16.525-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7456265/Investigating_Activity_and_Mobility_Patterns_during_the_mid_Holocene_in_northern_Vietnam?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_7456265","summary":"In recent years the bioarchaeology of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands has seen enormous progress. This new and exciting research is synthesised, contextualised and expanded upon in The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40801821,"asset_id":7456265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":712904,"first_name":"Damien","last_name":"Huffer","domain_name":"si","page_name":"DamienHuffer","display_name":"Damien Huffer","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/DamienHuffer?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/712904/241844/285986/s65_damien.huffer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":13299,"name":"Southeast Asian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":59379,"name":"Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Stress_Markers_MSM_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44928466 coauthored" data-work_id="44928466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44928466/Quotidian_lives_on_isolated_bodies_entheseal_changes_and_cross_sectional_geometry_among_the_aboriginal_population_of_La_Gomera_ca_200_1500_AD_Canary_Islands_">Quotidian lives on isolated bodies: entheseal changes and cross-sectional geometry among the aboriginal population of La Gomera (ca. 200-1500 AD, Canary Islands)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44928466" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The commingled skeletal material used in this study comprised a minimum of 88 individuals from burial caves used by these agropastoral communities. The methodological corpus combines the study of entheseal changes in upper and lower limbs with a cross-sectional geometry analysis. The results revealed a prevalence of muscle chains linked to bilateral movements and a high mobility, probably more intense in the eastern areas of theisland. At the same time, we observed diachronic changes in mobility possibly due to processes of adaptation to an isolated environment. Finally, entheseal changes and cross-sectional geometry also indicated some differences between sexes as women seem to have had lower mobility than men.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44928466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bd8a64a6910f09d99043d2d726200e4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65875272,"asset_id":44928466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65875272/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6943344" href="https://ull.academia.edu/JaredCarballoP%C3%A9rez">Jared Carballo Perez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6943344" type="text/json">{"id":6943344,"first_name":"Jared","last_name":"Carballo Perez","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"JaredCarballoPérez","display_name":"Jared Carballo Perez","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/JaredCarballoP%C3%A9rez?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6943344/2967237/31844674/s65_jared.carballo_perez.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-44928466">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-44928466"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ull.academia.edu/El%C3%ADasS%C3%A1nchezCa%C3%B1adillas">Elías Sánchez Cañadillas</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-44928466'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-44928466').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44928466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44928466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44928466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44928466", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44928466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44928466; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44928466"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44928466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44928466"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44928466; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44928466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44928466").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44928466").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44928466"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies">Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="927" type="text/json">{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology">Physical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13723" type="text/json">{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarchaeology">Osteoarchaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14007" type="text/json">{"id":14007,"name":"Osteoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44928466]'), work: {"id":44928466,"title":"Quotidian lives on isolated bodies: entheseal changes and cross-sectional geometry among the aboriginal population of La Gomera (ca. 200-1500 AD, Canary Islands)","created_at":"2021-01-18T08:49:19.955-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44928466/Quotidian_lives_on_isolated_bodies_entheseal_changes_and_cross_sectional_geometry_among_the_aboriginal_population_of_La_Gomera_ca_200_1500_AD_Canary_Islands_?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_44928466","summary":"The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The commingled skeletal material used in this study comprised a minimum of 88 individuals from burial caves used by these agropastoral communities. The methodological corpus combines the study of entheseal changes in upper and lower limbs with a cross-sectional geometry analysis. The results revealed a prevalence of muscle chains linked to bilateral movements and a high mobility, probably more intense in the eastern areas of theisland. At the same time, we observed diachronic changes in mobility possibly due to processes of adaptation to an isolated environment. Finally, entheseal changes and cross-sectional geometry also indicated some differences between sexes as women seem to have had lower mobility than men.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65875272,"asset_id":44928466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6943344,"first_name":"Jared","last_name":"Carballo Perez","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"JaredCarballoPérez","display_name":"Jared Carballo Perez","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/JaredCarballoP%C3%A9rez?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6943344/2967237/31844674/s65_jared.carballo_perez.png"},{"id":6582466,"first_name":"Elías","last_name":"Sánchez Cañadillas","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"ElíasSánchezCañadillas","display_name":"Elías Sánchez Cañadillas","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/El%C3%ADasS%C3%A1nchezCa%C3%B1adillas?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6582466/2699565/17314259/s65_el_as.s_nchez_ca_adillas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":14007,"name":"Osteoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":345272,"name":"Islas Canarias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islas_Canarias?f_ri=71579"},{"id":347226,"name":"Entheseal Changes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entheseal_Changes?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39959251" data-work_id="39959251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39959251/Femoral_neck_and_shaft_structure_in_Homo_naledi_from_the_Dinaledi_Chamber_Rising_Star_System_South_Africa">Femoral neck and shaft structure in Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber (Rising Star System, South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The abundant femoral assemblage of Homo naledi found in the Dinaledi Chamber provides a unique opportunity to test hypotheses regarding the taxonomy, locomotion, and loading patterns of this species. Here we describe neck and shaft... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39959251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The abundant femoral assemblage of Homo naledi found in the Dinaledi Chamber provides a unique opportunity to test hypotheses regarding the taxonomy, locomotion, and loading patterns of this species. Here we describe neck and shaft cross-sectional structure of all the femoral fossils recovered in the Dinaledi Chamber and compare them to a broad sample of fossil hominins, recent humans, and extant apes. Cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties from the femoral neck (base of neck and midneck) and diaphysis (subtrochanteric region and midshaft) were obtained through CT scans for H. naledi and through CT scans or from the literature for the comparative sample. The comparison of CSG properties of H. naledi and the comparative samples shows that H. naledi femoral neck is quite derived with low superoinferior cortical thickness ratio and high relative cortical area. The neck appears superoinferiorly elongated because of two bony pilasters on its superior surface. Homo naledi femoral shaft shows a relatively thick cortex compared to the other hominins. The subtrochanteric region of the diaphysis is mediolaterally elongated resembling early hominins while the midshaft is anteroposteriorly elongated, indicating high mobility levels. In term of diaphyseal robusticity, the H. naledi femur is more gracile that other hominins and most apes. Homo naledi shows a unique combination of characteristics in its femur that undoubtedly indicate a species committed to terrestrial bipedalism but with a unique loading pattern of the femur possibly consequence of the unique postcranial anatomy of the species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39959251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd0fd0d17ccc68218fdbd1fa141a16e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60147705,"asset_id":39959251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60147705/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39959251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39959251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39959251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39959251", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39959251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39959251").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39959251").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39959251"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145236" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145236" type="text/json">{"id":145236,"name":"Middle Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Pleistocene?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="200726" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedal_Locomotion">Bipedal Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="200726" type="text/json">{"id":200726,"name":"Bipedal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedal_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="561304" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_limb">Lower limb</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="561304" type="text/json">{"id":561304,"name":"Lower limb","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_limb?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39959251]'), work: {"id":39959251,"title":"Femoral neck and shaft structure in Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber (Rising Star System, South Africa","created_at":"2019-07-29T04:26:39.422-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39959251/Femoral_neck_and_shaft_structure_in_Homo_naledi_from_the_Dinaledi_Chamber_Rising_Star_System_South_Africa?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_39959251","summary":"The abundant femoral assemblage of Homo naledi found in the Dinaledi Chamber provides a unique opportunity to test hypotheses regarding the taxonomy, locomotion, and loading patterns of this species. Here we describe neck and shaft cross-sectional structure of all the femoral fossils recovered in the Dinaledi Chamber and compare them to a broad sample of fossil hominins, recent humans, and extant apes. Cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties from the femoral neck (base of neck and midneck) and diaphysis (subtrochanteric region and midshaft) were obtained through CT scans for H. naledi and through CT scans or from the literature for the comparative sample. The comparison of CSG properties of H. naledi and the comparative samples shows that H. naledi femoral neck is quite derived with low superoinferior cortical thickness ratio and high relative cortical area. The neck appears superoinferiorly elongated because of two bony pilasters on its superior surface. Homo naledi femoral shaft shows a relatively thick cortex compared to the other hominins. The subtrochanteric region of the diaphysis is mediolaterally elongated resembling early hominins while the midshaft is anteroposteriorly elongated, indicating high mobility levels. In term of diaphyseal robusticity, the H. naledi femur is more gracile that other hominins and most apes. Homo naledi shows a unique combination of characteristics in its femur that undoubtedly indicate a species committed to terrestrial bipedalism but with a unique loading pattern of the femur possibly consequence of the unique postcranial anatomy of the species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60147705,"asset_id":39959251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":145236,"name":"Middle Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Pleistocene?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":200726,"name":"Bipedal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedal_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":561304,"name":"Lower limb","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_limb?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75634017" data-work_id="75634017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75634017/Quotidian_lives_on_isolated_bodies_Entheseal_changes_and_cross_sectional_geometry_among_the_aboriginal_population_of_La_Gomera_ca_200_1500_AD_Canary_Islands_">Quotidian lives on isolated bodies: Entheseal changes and cross‐sectional geometry among the aboriginal population of La Gomera (ca. 200–1500 AD, Canary Islands)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75634017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The commingled skeletal material used in this study comprised a minimum of 88 individuals from burial caves used by these agropastoral communities. The methodological corpus combines the study of entheseal changes in upper and lower limbs with a cross-sectional geometry analysis. The results revealed a prevalence of muscle chains linked to bilateral movements and a high mobility, probably more intense in the eastern areas of theisland. At the same time, we observed diachronic changes in mobility possibly due to processes of adaptation to an isolated environment. Finally, entheseal changes and cross-sectional geometry also indicated some differences between sexes as women seem to have had lower mobility than men.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75634017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6582466" href="https://ull.academia.edu/El%C3%ADasS%C3%A1nchezCa%C3%B1adillas">Elías Sánchez Cañadillas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6582466" type="text/json">{"id":6582466,"first_name":"Elías","last_name":"Sánchez Cañadillas","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"ElíasSánchezCañadillas","display_name":"Elías Sánchez Cañadillas","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/El%C3%ADasS%C3%A1nchezCa%C3%B1adillas?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6582466/2699565/17314259/s65_el_as.s_nchez_ca_adillas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75634017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75634017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75634017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75634017", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75634017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75634017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75634017"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75634017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75634017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75634017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75634017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75634017").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75634017").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75634017"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies">Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="927" type="text/json">{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75634017]'), work: {"id":75634017,"title":"Quotidian lives on isolated bodies: Entheseal changes and cross‐sectional geometry among the aboriginal population of La Gomera (ca. 200–1500 AD, Canary Islands)","created_at":"2022-04-06T07:29:28.213-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75634017/Quotidian_lives_on_isolated_bodies_Entheseal_changes_and_cross_sectional_geometry_among_the_aboriginal_population_of_La_Gomera_ca_200_1500_AD_Canary_Islands_?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_75634017","summary":"The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The commingled skeletal material used in this study comprised a minimum of 88 individuals from burial caves used by these agropastoral communities. The methodological corpus combines the study of entheseal changes in upper and lower limbs with a cross-sectional geometry analysis. The results revealed a prevalence of muscle chains linked to bilateral movements and a high mobility, probably more intense in the eastern areas of theisland. At the same time, we observed diachronic changes in mobility possibly due to processes of adaptation to an isolated environment. Finally, entheseal changes and cross-sectional geometry also indicated some differences between sexes as women seem to have had lower mobility than men.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6582466,"first_name":"Elías","last_name":"Sánchez Cañadillas","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"ElíasSánchezCañadillas","display_name":"Elías Sánchez Cañadillas","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/El%C3%ADasS%C3%A1nchezCa%C3%B1adillas?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6582466/2699565/17314259/s65_el_as.s_nchez_ca_adillas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":14007,"name":"Osteoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarchaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":345272,"name":"Islas Canarias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islas_Canarias?f_ri=71579"},{"id":347226,"name":"Entheseal Changes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entheseal_Changes?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_231392" data-work_id="231392" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/231392/Articular_to_Diaphyseal_Proportions_of_Human_and_Great_Ape_Metatarsals">Articular to Diaphyseal Proportions of Human and Great Ape Metatarsals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study proposes a new way to use metatarsals to identify locomotor behavior of fossil hominins. Metatarsal head articular dimensions and diaphyseal strength in a sample of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans (n = 76) are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_231392" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study proposes a new way to use metatarsals to identify locomotor behavior of fossil hominins. Metatarsal head articular dimensions and diaphyseal strength in a sample of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans (n = 76) are used to explore the relationships of these parameters with different locomotor modes. Results show that ratios between metatarsal head articular proportions and diaphyseal strength of the hallucal and fifth metatarsal discriminate among extant great apes and humans based on their different locomotor modes. In particular, the hallucal and fifth metatarsal characteristics of humans are functionally related to the different ranges of motion and load patterns during stance phase in the forefoot of humans in bipedal locomotion. This method may be applicable to isolated fossil hominin metatarsals to provide new information relevant to debates regarding the evolution of human bipedal locomotion. The second to fourth metatarsals are not useful in distinguishing among hominoids. Further studies should concentrate on measuring other important qualitative and quantitative differences in the shape of the metatarsal head of hominoids that are not reflected in simple geometric reconstructions of <br />the articulation, and gathering more forefoot kinematic data on great apes to better understand differences in range of motion and loading patterns of the metatarsals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/231392" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc5548b0a166f060a03d7ae828292785" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6824397,"asset_id":231392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6824397/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_231392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="231392"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 231392, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_231392", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_231392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 231392; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_231392"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_231392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="231392"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 231392; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=231392]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_231392").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_231392").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="231392"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earliest_Hominin_Locomotion">Earliest Hominin Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85887" type="text/json">{"id":85887,"name":"Earliest Hominin Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earliest_Hominin_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85891" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forefoot">Forefoot</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85891" type="text/json">{"id":85891,"name":"Forefoot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forefoot?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedalism">Bipedalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="168987" type="text/json">{"id":168987,"name":"Bipedalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedalism?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=231392]'), work: {"id":231392,"title":"Articular to Diaphyseal Proportions of Human and Great Ape Metatarsals","created_at":"2010-04-25T23:53:01.853-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/231392/Articular_to_Diaphyseal_Proportions_of_Human_and_Great_Ape_Metatarsals?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_231392","summary":"This study proposes a new way to use metatarsals to identify locomotor behavior of fossil hominins. Metatarsal head articular dimensions and diaphyseal strength in a sample of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans (n = 76) are used to explore the relationships of these parameters with different locomotor modes. Results show that ratios between metatarsal head articular proportions and diaphyseal strength of the hallucal and fifth metatarsal discriminate among extant great apes and humans based on their different locomotor modes. In particular, the hallucal and fifth metatarsal characteristics of humans are functionally related to the different ranges of motion and load patterns during stance phase in the forefoot of humans in bipedal locomotion. This method may be applicable to isolated fossil hominin metatarsals to provide new information relevant to debates regarding the evolution of human bipedal locomotion. The second to fourth metatarsals are not useful in distinguishing among hominoids. Further studies should concentrate on measuring other important qualitative and quantitative differences in the shape of the metatarsal head of hominoids that are not reflected in simple geometric reconstructions of\r\nthe articulation, and gathering more forefoot kinematic data on great apes to better understand differences in range of motion and loading patterns of the metatarsals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6824397,"asset_id":231392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":85887,"name":"Earliest Hominin Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earliest_Hominin_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":85891,"name":"Forefoot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forefoot?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":168987,"name":"Bipedalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedalism?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":219561,"name":"Foot biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foot_biomechanics?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_211796" data-work_id="211796" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/211796/Mobility_and_Subsistence_Economy_A_Diachronic_Comparison_Between_Two_Groups_Settled_in_the_Same_Geographical_Area_Liguria_Italy_">Mobility and Subsistence Economy: A Diachronic Comparison Between Two Groups Settled in the Same Geographical Area (Liguria, Italy)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"The purpose of this article is to investigate temporal shifts in skeletal robusticity to infer behavioral changes in two populations (Neolithic, NEOL and Medieval, MED) settled in the same geographic area but involved in different... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_211796" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"The purpose of this article is to investigate <br />temporal shifts in skeletal robusticity to infer behavioral <br />changes in two populations (Neolithic, NEOL <br />and Medieval, MED) settled in the same geographic area <br />but involved in different subsistence economies (pastoralism <br />and coastal resources exploitation). This comparison <br />allows us to test the hypothesis that occupational <br />stress and mobility in the same environment produce <br />predictable changes in the robusticity of both upper and <br />lower limbs. Results show a lower degree of humeral <br />robusticity and a similar degree of humeral asymmetry <br />in the two sexes in the MED population. These results <br />are consistent with the relatively less stressful subsistence <br />economy documented in the MED population relative <br />to that of the NEOL. Lower limb results suggest that femoral robusticity does not correlate directly with the level of logistical mobility, but is instead due to the summation of several diverse factors that place biomechanical loads on the hindlimb, particularly unevenness of the terrain. However, female femoral gracility seems to indicate that below a certain ‘‘threshold’’ of mobility, i.e., movement over the natural terrain, terrain conformation is no longer the main contributing factor to femoral robusticity. The femoral shape index Ix/Iy declines through time, particularly in males. This agrees with <br />the expected mobility of the samples based on archaeological <br />and historical data, providing further evidence on the reliability of this index in inferring terrestrial mobility."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/211796" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e45be37163436074bbdc8453c2b5747c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":659444,"asset_id":211796,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/659444/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_211796 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="211796"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 211796, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_211796", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_211796 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 211796; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_211796"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_211796 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="211796"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 211796; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=211796]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_211796").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_211796").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="211796"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11431" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Mechanics">Bone Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11431" type="text/json">{"id":11431,"name":"Bone Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Mechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe">Neolithic Europe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26086" type="text/json">{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=211796]'), work: {"id":211796,"title":"Mobility and Subsistence Economy: A Diachronic Comparison Between Two Groups Settled in the Same Geographical Area (Liguria, Italy)","created_at":"2010-01-31T10:37:13.584-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/211796/Mobility_and_Subsistence_Economy_A_Diachronic_Comparison_Between_Two_Groups_Settled_in_the_Same_Geographical_Area_Liguria_Italy_?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_211796","summary":"\"The purpose of this article is to investigate\r\ntemporal shifts in skeletal robusticity to infer behavioral\r\nchanges in two populations (Neolithic, NEOL\r\nand Medieval, MED) settled in the same geographic area\r\nbut involved in different subsistence economies (pastoralism\r\nand coastal resources exploitation). This comparison\r\nallows us to test the hypothesis that occupational\r\nstress and mobility in the same environment produce\r\npredictable changes in the robusticity of both upper and\r\nlower limbs. Results show a lower degree of humeral\r\nrobusticity and a similar degree of humeral asymmetry\r\nin the two sexes in the MED population. These results\r\nare consistent with the relatively less stressful subsistence\r\neconomy documented in the MED population relative\r\nto that of the NEOL. Lower limb results suggest that femoral robusticity does not correlate directly with the level of logistical mobility, but is instead due to the summation of several diverse factors that place biomechanical loads on the hindlimb, particularly unevenness of the terrain. However, female femoral gracility seems to indicate that below a certain ‘‘threshold’’ of mobility, i.e., movement over the natural terrain, terrain conformation is no longer the main contributing factor to femoral robusticity. The femoral shape index Ix/Iy declines through time, particularly in males. This agrees with\r\nthe expected mobility of the samples based on archaeological\r\nand historical data, providing further evidence on the reliability of this index in inferring terrestrial mobility.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":659444,"asset_id":211796,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":11431,"name":"Bone Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Mechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":85885,"name":"Subsistence Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsistence_Economy?f_ri=71579"},{"id":157901,"name":"Lower Limb Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Limb_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":168988,"name":"Human Mobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility?f_ri=71579"},{"id":168989,"name":"Terrain Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrain_Conformation?f_ri=71579"},{"id":219549,"name":"Upper limb biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_limb_biomechanics?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23149903" data-work_id="23149903" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23149903/Reenvisioning_cross_sectional_at_a_station_hydraulic_geometry_as_spatially_explicit_hydraulic_topography">Reenvisioning cross-sectional at-a-station hydraulic geometry as spatially explicit hydraulic topography</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Transect-based hydraulic geometry is well established but depends on a complex set of subjective fieldwork and computational decisions that sometimes go unexplained. As a result, it is ripe for reenvisioning in light of the emergence of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23149903" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Transect-based hydraulic geometry is well established but depends on a complex set of subjective fieldwork and computational decisions that sometimes go unexplained. As a result, it is ripe for reenvisioning in light of the emergence of meter-scale, spatially explicit data and algorithmic geospatial analysis. This study developed and evaluated a new spatially explicit method for analyzing discharge-dependent hydraulics coined ‘hydraulic topography’ that not only increases accuracy but also eliminates several sample- and assumption-based inconsistencies. Using data and hydrodynamic simulations from the regulated, gravel-cobble-bed lower Yuba River in California, power functions were fitted to discharge-dependent average width, depth, and depth-weighted velocity for three spatial scales and then their corresponding exponents and coefficients were compared across scales and against ones computed using traditional approaches. Average hydraulic values from cross sections at the segment scale spanned up to 1.5 orders of magnitude for a given discharge. Transect-determined exponents for reach-scale depth and velocity relations were consistently over- and underestimated, respectively, relative to the hydraulic topography benchmark. Overall, 73% of cross-sectional power regression parameters assessed fell between 10 and 50 absolute percent error with respect to the spatially explicit hydraulic topography baseline. Although traditional transect-based sampling may be viable for certain uses, percent errors of this magnitude could compromise engineering applications in river management and training works.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23149903" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="872693f97a50eda6b0670fe3af4f09f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43636505,"asset_id":23149903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43636505/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27360569" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/GregoryPasternack">Gregory B Pasternack</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27360569" type="text/json">{"id":27360569,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Pasternack","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"GregoryPasternack","display_name":"Gregory B Pasternack","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/GregoryPasternack?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27360569/7780578/8720946/s65_gregory.pasternack.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23149903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23149903"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23149903, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23149903", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23149903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23149903; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23149903"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23149903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23149903"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23149903; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23149903]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23149903").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23149903").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23149903"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19520" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluvial_Geomorphology">Fluvial Geomorphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19520" type="text/json">{"id":19520,"name":"Fluvial Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluvial_Geomorphology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88205" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Hydraulics">River Hydraulics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88205" type="text/json">{"id":88205,"name":"River Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Hydraulics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="163875" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulic_Geometry">Hydraulic Geometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="163875" type="text/json">{"id":163875,"name":"Hydraulic Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulic_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23149903]'), work: {"id":23149903,"title":"Reenvisioning cross-sectional at-a-station hydraulic geometry as spatially explicit hydraulic topography","created_at":"2016-03-11T12:49:10.952-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23149903/Reenvisioning_cross_sectional_at_a_station_hydraulic_geometry_as_spatially_explicit_hydraulic_topography?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_23149903","summary":"Transect-based hydraulic geometry is well established but depends on a complex set of subjective fieldwork and computational decisions that sometimes go unexplained. As a result, it is ripe for reenvisioning in light of the emergence of meter-scale, spatially explicit data and algorithmic geospatial analysis. This study developed and evaluated a new spatially explicit method for analyzing discharge-dependent hydraulics coined ‘hydraulic topography’ that not only increases accuracy but also eliminates several sample- and assumption-based inconsistencies. Using data and hydrodynamic simulations from the regulated, gravel-cobble-bed lower Yuba River in California, power functions were fitted to discharge-dependent average width, depth, and depth-weighted velocity for three spatial scales and then their corresponding exponents and coefficients were compared across scales and against ones computed using traditional approaches. Average hydraulic values from cross sections at the segment scale spanned up to 1.5 orders of magnitude for a given discharge. Transect-determined exponents for reach-scale depth and velocity relations were consistently over- and underestimated, respectively, relative to the hydraulic topography benchmark. Overall, 73% of cross-sectional power regression parameters assessed fell between 10 and 50 absolute percent error with respect to the spatially explicit hydraulic topography baseline. Although traditional transect-based sampling may be viable for certain uses, percent errors of this magnitude could compromise engineering applications in river management and training works.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43636505,"asset_id":23149903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27360569,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Pasternack","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"GregoryPasternack","display_name":"Gregory B Pasternack","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/GregoryPasternack?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27360569/7780578/8720946/s65_gregory.pasternack.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19520,"name":"Fluvial Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluvial_Geomorphology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":88205,"name":"River Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Hydraulics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":163875,"name":"Hydraulic Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulic_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":284228,"name":"River Hydraulics and Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Hydraulics_and_Morphology?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17034171" data-work_id="17034171" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17034171/Can_fibular_robusticity_be_used_to_infer_mobility_patterns_in_past_populations">Can fibular robusticity be used to infer mobility patterns in past populations?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Because of their role in weight bearing, the bones normally used to infer mobility patterns in past populations are the femur and the tibia. Nevertheless, studies of living hominoids and modern human athletes have demonstrated that the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17034171" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Because of their role in weight bearing, the bones normally used to infer mobility patterns in past populations are the femur and the tibia. Nevertheless, studies of living hominoids and modern human athletes have demonstrated that the structural properties of the fibula are significantly correlated with mobility patterns. This study assess variation in fibular cross-sectional properties (CA, I max , I min , and J) within a sample of 155 individuals from the Late Upper Paleo-lithic (LUP), Neolithic and Iron Age of Italy, Medieval Germany, and contemporary athletes (long distance runners, field hockey players) and controls. The aim of this research is to investigate the correspondence between fibular diaphyseal properties and inferred mobility patterns in past populations. Cross-sectional measurements were taken at the midshaft, and both fibular rigidity and the ratio of tibial to fibular rigidity were analyzed (see Marchi, 2007). LUP, Neolithic and Iron Age samples display the highe...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17034171" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="09ca376e8da235d6c1e9f4b4ac25e005" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39314507,"asset_id":17034171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39314507/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36585760" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4">Colin Shaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36585760" type="text/json">{"id":36585760,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColinShaw4","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17034171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17034171"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17034171, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17034171", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17034171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17034171; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17034171"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17034171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17034171"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17034171; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17034171]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17034171").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17034171").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17034171"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42996" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42996" type="text/json">{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659082" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns">Human Mobility Patterns</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="659082" type="text/json">{"id":659082,"name":"Human Mobility Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17034171]'), work: {"id":17034171,"title":"Can fibular robusticity be used to infer mobility patterns in past populations?","created_at":"2015-10-20T02:50:13.975-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17034171/Can_fibular_robusticity_be_used_to_infer_mobility_patterns_in_past_populations?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_17034171","summary":"Because of their role in weight bearing, the bones normally used to infer mobility patterns in past populations are the femur and the tibia. Nevertheless, studies of living hominoids and modern human athletes have demonstrated that the structural properties of the fibula are significantly correlated with mobility patterns. This study assess variation in fibular cross-sectional properties (CA, I max , I min , and J) within a sample of 155 individuals from the Late Upper Paleo-lithic (LUP), Neolithic and Iron Age of Italy, Medieval Germany, and contemporary athletes (long distance runners, field hockey players) and controls. The aim of this research is to investigate the correspondence between fibular diaphyseal properties and inferred mobility patterns in past populations. Cross-sectional measurements were taken at the midshaft, and both fibular rigidity and the ratio of tibial to fibular rigidity were analyzed (see Marchi, 2007). LUP, Neolithic and Iron Age samples display the highe...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39314507,"asset_id":17034171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36585760,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColinShaw4","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColinShaw4?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":659082,"name":"Human Mobility Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Mobility_Patterns?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38851003" data-work_id="38851003" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38851003/Relative_fibular_strength_and_locomotor_behavior_in_KNM_WT_15000_and_OH_35">Relative fibular strength and locomotor behavior in KNM-WT 15000 and OH 35</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Relative fibular/tibial strength has been demonstrated to vary with locomotor behavior among anthro-poid primates. In this study fibular/tibial strength was determined in KNM-WT 15000, a juvenile Homo erectus individual (1.5 Ma), and in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38851003" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Relative fibular/tibial strength has been demonstrated to vary with locomotor behavior among anthro-poid primates. In this study fibular/tibial strength was determined in KNM-WT 15000, a juvenile Homo erectus individual (1.5 Ma), and in OH 35, a Homo habilis (or possibly Paranthropus boisei) individual (1.8 Ma), and compared to that of adult modern humans (n ¼ 79), chimpanzees (n ¼ 16), gorillas (n ¼ 16) and orangutans (n ¼ 11). Ontogenetic changes in fibular/tibial strength were also analyzed due to KNM-WT 15000's juvenile status. Cross-sectional properties at midshaft were derived from multi-plane radiography and external contours, or CT scanning. Comparisons of log-transformed fibular/tibial polar second moment of area and anteroposterior (A-P) and mediolateral (M-L) second moments of area were carried out between extant species. Fossil deviations from each extant taxon's mean proportion were calculated in standard deviation (SD) units for that taxon. Great apes differ significantly from modern humans, with relatively stronger fibulae, particularly in the M-L plane. KNM-WT 15000 is more than 2 SD from all great apes (!3 SD in the M-L plane) and within 1 SD of modern humans for almost all variables. This is not a result of its age, as fibular/tibial strength slightly decreases with age (i.e., becomes less like that of great apes) in humans. OH 35 falls within 1 SD of chimpanzees and orangutans for the majority of cross-sectional proportions, but more than 1 SD from humans. KNM-WT 15000 is demonstrated to be fully modern, complimenting other indications of complete terrestrial bipedality and possibly showing adaptations for endurance running. OH 35 has some human-like features; however, the relative strength of the two bones aligns the specimen with great apes, consistent with a significant degree of arboreality, in particular, vertical climbing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38851003" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42c2591e37798047469a6003496580fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58945834,"asset_id":38851003,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58945834/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38851003 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38851003"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38851003, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38851003", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38851003]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38851003").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38851003").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38851003"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87140" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endurance_running">Endurance running</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="87140" type="text/json">{"id":87140,"name":"Endurance running","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endurance_running?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135875" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Erectus">Homo Erectus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135875" type="text/json">{"id":135875,"name":"Homo Erectus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Erectus?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="311977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Habilis">Homo Habilis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="311977" type="text/json">{"id":311977,"name":"Homo Habilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Habilis?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38851003]'), work: {"id":38851003,"title":"Relative fibular strength and locomotor behavior in KNM-WT 15000 and OH 35","created_at":"2019-04-18T05:31:36.411-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38851003/Relative_fibular_strength_and_locomotor_behavior_in_KNM_WT_15000_and_OH_35?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_38851003","summary":"Relative fibular/tibial strength has been demonstrated to vary with locomotor behavior among anthro-poid primates. In this study fibular/tibial strength was determined in KNM-WT 15000, a juvenile Homo erectus individual (1.5 Ma), and in OH 35, a Homo habilis (or possibly Paranthropus boisei) individual (1.8 Ma), and compared to that of adult modern humans (n ¼ 79), chimpanzees (n ¼ 16), gorillas (n ¼ 16) and orangutans (n ¼ 11). Ontogenetic changes in fibular/tibial strength were also analyzed due to KNM-WT 15000's juvenile status. Cross-sectional properties at midshaft were derived from multi-plane radiography and external contours, or CT scanning. Comparisons of log-transformed fibular/tibial polar second moment of area and anteroposterior (A-P) and mediolateral (M-L) second moments of area were carried out between extant species. Fossil deviations from each extant taxon's mean proportion were calculated in standard deviation (SD) units for that taxon. Great apes differ significantly from modern humans, with relatively stronger fibulae, particularly in the M-L plane. KNM-WT 15000 is more than 2 SD from all great apes (!3 SD in the M-L plane) and within 1 SD of modern humans for almost all variables. This is not a result of its age, as fibular/tibial strength slightly decreases with age (i.e., becomes less like that of great apes) in humans. OH 35 falls within 1 SD of chimpanzees and orangutans for the majority of cross-sectional proportions, but more than 1 SD from humans. KNM-WT 15000 is demonstrated to be fully modern, complimenting other indications of complete terrestrial bipedality and possibly showing adaptations for endurance running. OH 35 has some human-like features; however, the relative strength of the two bones aligns the specimen with great apes, consistent with a significant degree of arboreality, in particular, vertical climbing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58945834,"asset_id":38851003,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":87140,"name":"Endurance running","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endurance_running?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":135875,"name":"Homo Erectus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Erectus?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":311977,"name":"Homo Habilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Habilis?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1209737,"name":"Paranthropus Boisei","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paranthropus_Boisei?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13255897" data-work_id="13255897" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13255897/Post_Pleistocene_gracilization_and_the_effects_of_terrain_on_the_lower_limbs_of_modern_humans">Post-Pleistocene gracilization and the effects of terrain on the lower limbs of modern humans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Modern humans demonstrate a decrease in lower limb robusticity throughout the Pleistocene, particularly with respect to anteroposterior rigidity of the femur and tibia (review in Holt, 2003). This trend continues into the Holocene, and it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13255897" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Modern humans demonstrate a decrease in lower limb robusticity throughout the Pleistocene, particularly with respect to anteroposterior rigidity of the femur and tibia (review in Holt, 2003). This trend continues into the Holocene, and it has been interpreted as the consequence of subsistence changes and technological advances that reduced the human work load (Ruff, 2008; Ruff et al., 1993). However, analyses of human remains spanning 19-4 ka in Italy (Marchi, 2008; Marchi et al., 2011) deviate from this trend, with a Ligurian Neolithic sample demonstrating unusually robust lower limbs that are reminiscent of highly-mobile Late Upper Paleolithic humans from the region. These relatively high levels of robusticity have been associated with mountainous terrain and intensity of mechanical loading.<br />The current analysis evaluates diachronic changes in lower limb robusticity for regional samples to evaluate the hypothesis that there was a post -Pleistocene decline in lower limb robusticity. Cross-sectional geometric properties are evaluated for Late Pleistocene, Holocene and modern human samples in Europe, Africa and Asia to evaluate in situ changes in each region. High levels of robusticity in several Holocene samples suggests that a post-Pleistocene decrease in robusticity may represent sampling bias rather than a biological trend. Femoral and tibial shape indices demonstrate significant associations with terrain and consequently types of loading on the lower limb, although measures of long bone rigidity demonstrate significant sexual dimorphism. It is less clear, however, how these correlations should be interpreted from a behavioral or subsistence strategy perspective.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13255897" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1210a097aaa6ed7f659565f9e9eaf55a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37996343,"asset_id":13255897,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37996343/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1211235" href="https://umn-d.academia.edu/AlexandraZachwieja">Alexandra J Zachwieja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1211235" type="text/json">{"id":1211235,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Zachwieja","domain_name":"umn-d","page_name":"AlexandraZachwieja","display_name":"Alexandra J Zachwieja","profile_url":"https://umn-d.academia.edu/AlexandraZachwieja?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1211235/436531/19053903/s65_alexandra.zachwieja.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13255897 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13255897"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13255897, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13255897", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13255897 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13255897; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13255897"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13255897 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13255897"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13255897; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13255897]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13255897").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13255897").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13255897"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66145" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution">Hominin evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66145" type="text/json">{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="450525" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Locomotion">Hominin Locomotion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="450525" type="text/json">{"id":450525,"name":"Hominin Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13255897]'), work: {"id":13255897,"title":"Post-Pleistocene gracilization and the effects of terrain on the lower limbs of modern humans","created_at":"2015-06-24T17:52:00.225-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13255897/Post_Pleistocene_gracilization_and_the_effects_of_terrain_on_the_lower_limbs_of_modern_humans?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_13255897","summary":"Modern humans demonstrate a decrease in lower limb robusticity throughout the Pleistocene, particularly with respect to anteroposterior rigidity of the femur and tibia (review in Holt, 2003). This trend continues into the Holocene, and it has been interpreted as the consequence of subsistence changes and technological advances that reduced the human work load (Ruff, 2008; Ruff et al., 1993). However, analyses of human remains spanning 19-4 ka in Italy (Marchi, 2008; Marchi et al., 2011) deviate from this trend, with a Ligurian Neolithic sample demonstrating unusually robust lower limbs that are reminiscent of highly-mobile Late Upper Paleolithic humans from the region. These relatively high levels of robusticity have been associated with mountainous terrain and intensity of mechanical loading.\nThe current analysis evaluates diachronic changes in lower limb robusticity for regional samples to evaluate the hypothesis that there was a post -Pleistocene decline in lower limb robusticity. Cross-sectional geometric properties are evaluated for Late Pleistocene, Holocene and modern human samples in Europe, Africa and Asia to evaluate in situ changes in each region. High levels of robusticity in several Holocene samples suggests that a post-Pleistocene decrease in robusticity may represent sampling bias rather than a biological trend. Femoral and tibial shape indices demonstrate significant associations with terrain and consequently types of loading on the lower limb, although measures of long bone rigidity demonstrate significant sexual dimorphism. It is less clear, however, how these correlations should be interpreted from a behavioral or subsistence strategy perspective.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37996343,"asset_id":13255897,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1211235,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Zachwieja","domain_name":"umn-d","page_name":"AlexandraZachwieja","display_name":"Alexandra J Zachwieja","profile_url":"https://umn-d.academia.edu/AlexandraZachwieja?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1211235/436531/19053903/s65_alexandra.zachwieja.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":450525,"name":"Hominin Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36821673 coauthored" data-work_id="36821673" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36821673/Prehistoric_human_behaviours_in_Liguria_Italy_dietary_pathological_and_biomechanical_perspectives">Prehistoric human behaviours in Liguria (Italy): dietary, pathological and biomechanical perspectives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36821673" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81b0934559b66f155c768c95ecd44e45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56773456,"asset_id":36821673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56773456/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="325442" href="https://imep-cnrs.academia.edu/AlessandraVaralli">Alessandra Varalli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="325442" type="text/json">{"id":325442,"first_name":"Alessandra","last_name":"Varalli","domain_name":"imep-cnrs","page_name":"AlessandraVaralli","display_name":"Alessandra Varalli","profile_url":"https://imep-cnrs.academia.edu/AlessandraVaralli?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/325442/136062/3149280/s65_alessandra.varalli.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36821673">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36821673"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36821673'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36821673').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36821673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36821673"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36821673, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36821673", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36821673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36821673; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36821673"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36821673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36821673"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36821673; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36821673]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36821673").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36821673").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36821673"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1703" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotope_Analysis">Stable Isotope Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1703" type="text/json">{"id":1703,"name":"Stable Isotope Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotope_Analysis?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2364" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology">Paleopathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2364" type="text/json">{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34817" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory">Prehistory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34817" type="text/json">{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62617" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liguria">Liguria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62617" type="text/json">{"id":62617,"name":"Liguria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liguria?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36821673]'), work: {"id":36821673,"title":"Prehistoric human behaviours in Liguria (Italy): dietary, pathological and biomechanical perspectives","created_at":"2018-06-11T07:06:32.033-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36821673/Prehistoric_human_behaviours_in_Liguria_Italy_dietary_pathological_and_biomechanical_perspectives?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_36821673","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56773456,"asset_id":36821673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":325442,"first_name":"Alessandra","last_name":"Varalli","domain_name":"imep-cnrs","page_name":"AlessandraVaralli","display_name":"Alessandra Varalli","profile_url":"https://imep-cnrs.academia.edu/AlessandraVaralli?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/325442/136062/3149280/s65_alessandra.varalli.jpg"},{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1703,"name":"Stable Isotope Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotope_Analysis?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":62617,"name":"Liguria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liguria?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":323509,"name":"Multiproxy analyses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiproxy_analyses?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14489985" data-work_id="14489985" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14489985/Evaluating_the_Efficiency_of_Different_Recording_Protocols_for_Entheseal_Changes_in_Regards_to_Expressing_Activity_Patterns_Using_Archival_Data_and_Cross_Sectional_Geometric_Properties">Evaluating the Efficiency of Different Recording Protocols for Entheseal Changes in Regards to Expressing Activity Patterns Using Archival Data and Cross-Sectional Geometric Properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives: In the past decade there have been extensive discussions on the potential utility of entheseal changes (EC) as activity markers. Nevertheless, no study to date has compared different EC recording protocols with respect to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14489985" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: In the past decade there have been extensive discussions on the potential utility of entheseal changes <br />(EC) as activity markers. Nevertheless, no study to date has compared different EC recording protocols with respect <br />to their correlation to activity patterns. <br />Materials and Methods: This article records changes on fibrocartilaginous entheses of the upper limbs of 90 <br />male skeletons from the documented Athens Collection using the Hawkey and Merbs (Int J Osteoarchaeol 5 (1995) <br />324-338), Mariotti et al. (Collegium Antropol 28 (2004) 145-159), and Villotte et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 142 (2010) <br />224-234) recording schemes in order to determine which one exhibits the highest correlation with activity. Activity <br />is assessed by means of the recorded profession of each individual, as well as employing cross-sectional geometric <br />properties. Generalized Linear Models are used to explore the impact of age, body mass, and activity on EC <br />expression. <br />Results: Our results agree with previous studies that age is the primary factor determining EC, whereas body <br />mass is the second most influential factor. In contrast, activity in the form of profession or cross-sectional geometry <br />rarely showed a significant correlation to EC expression and no clear pattern could be discerned irrespective of the <br />recording technique. However, bilateral differences in the impact of age and body mass in EC expression were traced <br />and may relate to activity patterns. <br />Conclusions: The differences found in the bilateral impact of age and body mass highlight the fact that the activity <br />patterns of the individuals under examination must play an underlying role to EC expression, though current <br />recording schemes for EC do not capture this, rendering further work in the direction of developing more elaborate <br />recording standards imperative.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14489985" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d0a5fe393ac3820df9f593f7b607a8cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40198198,"asset_id":14489985,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40198198/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="941021" href="https://cyi.academia.edu/EfthymiaNikita">Efthymia Nikita</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="941021" type="text/json">{"id":941021,"first_name":"Efthymia","last_name":"Nikita","domain_name":"cyi","page_name":"EfthymiaNikita","display_name":"Efthymia Nikita","profile_url":"https://cyi.academia.edu/EfthymiaNikita?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/941021/400655/141942258/s65_efthymia.nikita.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14489985 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14489985"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14489985, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14489985", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14489985 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14489985; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14489985"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14489985 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14489985"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14489985; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14489985]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14489985").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14489985").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14489985"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarchaeology">Osteoarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14007" type="text/json">{"id":14007,"name":"Osteoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="347226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entheseal_Changes">Entheseal Changes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="347226" type="text/json">{"id":347226,"name":"Entheseal Changes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entheseal_Changes?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14489985]'), work: {"id":14489985,"title":"Evaluating the Efficiency of Different Recording Protocols for Entheseal Changes in Regards to Expressing Activity Patterns Using Archival Data and Cross-Sectional Geometric Properties","created_at":"2015-07-29T09:01:48.687-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14489985/Evaluating_the_Efficiency_of_Different_Recording_Protocols_for_Entheseal_Changes_in_Regards_to_Expressing_Activity_Patterns_Using_Archival_Data_and_Cross_Sectional_Geometric_Properties?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_14489985","summary":"Objectives: In the past decade there have been extensive discussions on the potential utility of entheseal changes\r\n(EC) as activity markers. Nevertheless, no study to date has compared different EC recording protocols with respect\r\nto their correlation to activity patterns.\r\nMaterials and Methods: This article records changes on fibrocartilaginous entheses of the upper limbs of 90\r\nmale skeletons from the documented Athens Collection using the Hawkey and Merbs (Int J Osteoarchaeol 5 (1995)\r\n324-338), Mariotti et al. (Collegium Antropol 28 (2004) 145-159), and Villotte et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 142 (2010)\r\n224-234) recording schemes in order to determine which one exhibits the highest correlation with activity. Activity\r\nis assessed by means of the recorded profession of each individual, as well as employing cross-sectional geometric\r\nproperties. Generalized Linear Models are used to explore the impact of age, body mass, and activity on EC\r\nexpression.\r\nResults: Our results agree with previous studies that age is the primary factor determining EC, whereas body\r\nmass is the second most influential factor. In contrast, activity in the form of profession or cross-sectional geometry\r\nrarely showed a significant correlation to EC expression and no clear pattern could be discerned irrespective of the\r\nrecording technique. However, bilateral differences in the impact of age and body mass in EC expression were traced\r\nand may relate to activity patterns.\r\nConclusions: The differences found in the bilateral impact of age and body mass highlight the fact that the activity\r\npatterns of the individuals under examination must play an underlying role to EC expression, though current\r\nrecording schemes for EC do not capture this, rendering further work in the direction of developing more elaborate\r\nrecording standards imperative.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40198198,"asset_id":14489985,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":941021,"first_name":"Efthymia","last_name":"Nikita","domain_name":"cyi","page_name":"EfthymiaNikita","display_name":"Efthymia Nikita","profile_url":"https://cyi.academia.edu/EfthymiaNikita?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/941021/400655/141942258/s65_efthymia.nikita.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":14007,"name":"Osteoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":347226,"name":"Entheseal Changes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entheseal_Changes?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5202043" data-work_id="5202043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5202043/Activity_patterns_in_the_Sahara_Desert_An_interpretation_based_on_cross_sectional_geometry">Activity patterns in the Sahara Desert: An interpretation based on cross-sectional geometry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Garamantian civilization flourished in modern Fezzan, Libya, between 900 BC and 500 AD, during which the aridification of the Sahara was well established. Study of the archaeological remains suggests a population successful at coping... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5202043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Garamantian civilization flourished in modern Fezzan, Libya, between 900 BC and 500 AD, during which the aridification of the Sahara was well established. Study of the archaeological remains suggests a population successful at coping with a harsh environment of high and fluctuating temperatures and reduced water and food resources. This study explores the activity patterns of the Garamantes by means of cross-sectional geometric properties. Long bone diaphyseal shape and rigidity are compared between the Garamantes and populations from Egypt and Sudan, namely from the sites of Kerma, el-Badari, and Jebel Moya, to determine whether the Garamantian daily activities were more strenuous than those of other North African populations. Moreover, sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry are assessed at an intra- and interpopulation level. The inter-population comparisons showed the Garamantes not to be more robust than the comparative populations, suggesting that the daily Garamantian activities necessary for survival in the Sahara Desert did not generally impose greater loads than those of other North African populations. Sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry in almost all geometric properties of the long limbs were comparatively low among the Garamantes. Only the lower limbs were significantly stronger among males than females, possibly due to higher levels of mobility associated with herding. The lack of systematic bilateral asymmetry in cross-sectional geometric properties may relate to the involvement of the population in bilaterally intensive activities or the <br />lack of regular repetition of unilateral activities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5202043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc1633f86d55d39e2f01a339057fab0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32390583,"asset_id":5202043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32390583/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="184306" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/MartaMirazonLahr">Marta Mirazon Lahr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="184306" type="text/json">{"id":184306,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Mirazon Lahr","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"MartaMirazonLahr","display_name":"Marta Mirazon Lahr","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/MartaMirazonLahr?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184306/45312/41698/s65_marta.mirazon_lahr.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5202043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5202043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5202043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5202043", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5202043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5202043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5202043"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5202043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5202043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5202043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5202043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5202043").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5202043").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5202043"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saharan_Archaeology">Saharan Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14439" type="text/json">{"id":14439,"name":"Saharan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saharan_Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30177" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kerma">Kerma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30177" type="text/json">{"id":30177,"name":"Kerma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kerma?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5202043]'), work: {"id":5202043,"title":"Activity patterns in the Sahara Desert: An interpretation based on cross-sectional geometry","created_at":"2013-11-24T01:50:50.284-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5202043/Activity_patterns_in_the_Sahara_Desert_An_interpretation_based_on_cross_sectional_geometry?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_5202043","summary":"The Garamantian civilization flourished in modern Fezzan, Libya, between 900 BC and 500 AD, during which the aridification of the Sahara was well established. Study of the archaeological remains suggests a population successful at coping with a harsh environment of high and fluctuating temperatures and reduced water and food resources. This study explores the activity patterns of the Garamantes by means of cross-sectional geometric properties. Long bone diaphyseal shape and rigidity are compared between the Garamantes and populations from Egypt and Sudan, namely from the sites of Kerma, el-Badari, and Jebel Moya, to determine whether the Garamantian daily activities were more strenuous than those of other North African populations. Moreover, sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry are assessed at an intra- and interpopulation level. The inter-population comparisons showed the Garamantes not to be more robust than the comparative populations, suggesting that the daily Garamantian activities necessary for survival in the Sahara Desert did not generally impose greater loads than those of other North African populations. Sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry in almost all geometric properties of the long limbs were comparatively low among the Garamantes. Only the lower limbs were significantly stronger among males than females, possibly due to higher levels of mobility associated with herding. The lack of systematic bilateral asymmetry in cross-sectional geometric properties may relate to the involvement of the population in bilaterally intensive activities or the\r\nlack of regular repetition of unilateral activities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32390583,"asset_id":5202043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":184306,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Mirazon Lahr","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"MartaMirazonLahr","display_name":"Marta Mirazon Lahr","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/MartaMirazonLahr?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184306/45312/41698/s65_marta.mirazon_lahr.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":14439,"name":"Saharan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saharan_Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":30177,"name":"Kerma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kerma?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":33710,"name":"North African prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_African_prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=71579"},{"id":36718,"name":"Libyan archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Libyan_archaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":57160,"name":"Human Osteology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Osteology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":172769,"name":"Holocene environmental change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocene_environmental_change?f_ri=71579"},{"id":288965,"name":"Garamantes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garamantes?f_ri=71579"},{"id":313518,"name":"Activity patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity_patterns?f_ri=71579"},{"id":555403,"name":"Badarian Egyptian Predynastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Badarian_Egyptian_Predynastic?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1196570,"name":"Robusticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Robusticity?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1196594,"name":"Human Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Morphology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1196614,"name":"Jebel Moya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jebel_Moya?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_211723" data-work_id="211723" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/211723/Which_Measures_of_Diaphyseal_Robusticity_Are_Robust_A_Comparison_of_External_Methods_of_Quantifying_the_Strength_of_Long_Bone_Diaphyses_to_Cross_Sectional_Geometric_Properties">Which Measures of Diaphyseal Robusticity Are Robust? A Comparison of External Methods of Quantifying the Strength of Long Bone Diaphyses to Cross-Sectional Geometric Properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/211723" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e638c25a0d5ef049e4b6a05293f6cf02" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":658849,"asset_id":211723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/658849/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="116376" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw">Colin Shaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="116376" type="text/json">{"id":116376,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CShaw","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116376/31280/579509/s65_colin.shaw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_211723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="211723"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 211723, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_211723", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_211723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 211723; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_211723"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_211723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="211723"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 211723; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=211723]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_211723").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_211723").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="211723"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2364" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology">Paleopathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2364" type="text/json">{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59379" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Stress_Markers_MSM_">Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="59379" type="text/json">{"id":59379,"name":"Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Stress_Markers_MSM_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=211723]'), work: {"id":211723,"title":"Which Measures of Diaphyseal Robusticity Are Robust? A Comparison of External Methods of Quantifying the Strength of Long Bone Diaphyses to Cross-Sectional Geometric Properties","created_at":"2010-01-30T22:25:40.955-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/211723/Which_Measures_of_Diaphyseal_Robusticity_Are_Robust_A_Comparison_of_External_Methods_of_Quantifying_the_Strength_of_Long_Bone_Diaphyses_to_Cross_Sectional_Geometric_Properties?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_211723","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":658849,"asset_id":211723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116376,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CShaw","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116376/31280/579509/s65_colin.shaw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":59379,"name":"Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Stress_Markers_MSM_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":313518,"name":"Activity patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity_patterns?f_ri=71579"},{"id":502651,"name":"Long Bone Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bone_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75048309" data-work_id="75048309" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75048309/Quotidian_lives_on_isolated_bodies_Entheseal_changes_and_cross_sectional_geometry_among_the_aboriginal_population_of_La_Gomera_ca_200_1500_AD_Canary_Islands_">Quotidian lives on isolated bodies: Entheseal changes and cross‐sectional geometry among the aboriginal population of La Gomera (ca. 200–1500 AD, Canary Islands)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75048309" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The commingled skeletal material used in this study comprised a minimum of 88 individuals from burial caves used by these agropastoral communities. The methodological corpus combines the study of entheseal changes in upper and lower limbs with a cross-sectional geometry analysis. The results revealed a prevalence of muscle chains linked to bilateral movements and a high mobility, probably more intense in the eastern areas of theisland. At the same time, we observed diachronic changes in mobility possibly due to processes of adaptation to an isolated environment. Finally, entheseal changes and cross-sectional geometry also indicated some differences between sexes as women seem to have had lower mobility than men.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75048309" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6943344" href="https://ull.academia.edu/JaredCarballoP%C3%A9rez">Jared Carballo Perez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6943344" type="text/json">{"id":6943344,"first_name":"Jared","last_name":"Carballo Perez","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"JaredCarballoPérez","display_name":"Jared Carballo Perez","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/JaredCarballoP%C3%A9rez?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6943344/2967237/31844674/s65_jared.carballo_perez.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75048309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75048309"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75048309, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75048309", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75048309]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75048309").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75048309").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75048309"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies">Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="927" type="text/json">{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75048309]'), work: {"id":75048309,"title":"Quotidian lives on isolated bodies: Entheseal changes and cross‐sectional geometry among the aboriginal population of La Gomera (ca. 200–1500 AD, Canary Islands)","created_at":"2022-03-31T02:09:17.484-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75048309/Quotidian_lives_on_isolated_bodies_Entheseal_changes_and_cross_sectional_geometry_among_the_aboriginal_population_of_La_Gomera_ca_200_1500_AD_Canary_Islands_?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_75048309","summary":"The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity changes and the daily life patterns in the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) during the aboriginal period (ca. 3rd–15th centuries AD). The commingled skeletal material used in this study comprised a minimum of 88 individuals from burial caves used by these agropastoral communities. The methodological corpus combines the study of entheseal changes in upper and lower limbs with a cross-sectional geometry analysis. The results revealed a prevalence of muscle chains linked to bilateral movements and a high mobility, probably more intense in the eastern areas of theisland. At the same time, we observed diachronic changes in mobility possibly due to processes of adaptation to an isolated environment. Finally, entheseal changes and cross-sectional geometry also indicated some differences between sexes as women seem to have had lower mobility than men.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6943344,"first_name":"Jared","last_name":"Carballo Perez","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"JaredCarballoPérez","display_name":"Jared Carballo Perez","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/JaredCarballoP%C3%A9rez?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6943344/2967237/31844674/s65_jared.carballo_perez.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal 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data-work_id="703881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/703881/Mobility_and_Lower_Limb_Robusticity_of_a_Pastoralist_Neolithic_Population_from_North_Western_Italy">Mobility and Lower Limb Robusticity of a Pastoralist Neolithic Population from North‐Western Italy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/703881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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data-card-contents-for-user="116376" type="text/json">{"id":116376,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CShaw","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116376/31280/579509/s65_colin.shaw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_703881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="703881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 703881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_703881", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_703881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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});</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_703881").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="703881"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2364" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology">Paleopathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2364" type="text/json">{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities">Mobility/Mobilities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2409" type="text/json">{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=703881]'), work: {"id":703881,"title":"Mobility and Lower Limb Robusticity of a Pastoralist Neolithic Population from North‐Western Italy","created_at":"2011-06-29T00:54:37.606-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/703881/Mobility_and_Lower_Limb_Robusticity_of_a_Pastoralist_Neolithic_Population_from_North_Western_Italy?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_703881","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51282877,"asset_id":703881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116376,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CShaw","display_name":"Colin Shaw","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116376/31280/579509/s65_colin.shaw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":3900,"name":"Anthropology of Mobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Mobility?f_ri=71579"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":16859,"name":"Archaeology of pre-Roman Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_pre-Roman_Italy?f_ri=71579"},{"id":18561,"name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":25633,"name":"Mobility (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Archaeology_?f_ri=71579"},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=71579"},{"id":59379,"name":"Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Stress_Markers_MSM_?f_ri=71579"},{"id":62617,"name":"Liguria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liguria?f_ri=71579"},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":313518,"name":"Activity patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity_patterns?f_ri=71579"},{"id":390582,"name":"Subsitence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsitence?f_ri=71579"},{"id":502651,"name":"Long Bone Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bone_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43987298" data-work_id="43987298" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43987298/morphomap_An_R_package_for_long_bone_landmarking_cortical_thickness_and_cross_sectional_geometry_mapping">morphomap: An R package for long bone landmarking, cortical thickness, and cross-sectional geometry mapping</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives: This study describes and demonstrates the functionalities and application of a new R package, morphomap, designed to extract shape information as semi-landmarks in multiple sections, build cortical thickness maps, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43987298" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: This study describes and demonstrates the functionalities and application of a new R package, morphomap, designed to extract shape information as semi-landmarks in multiple sections, build cortical thickness maps, and calculate biome-chanical parameters on long bones. Methods: morphomap creates, from a single input (an oriented 3D mesh representing the long bone surface), multiple evenly spaced virtual sections. morphomap then directly and rapidly computes morphometric and biomechanical parameters on each of these sections. The R package comprises three modules: (a) to place semilandmarks on the inner and outer outlines of each section, (b) to extract cortical thicknesses for 2D and 3D mor-phometric mapping, and (c) to compute cross-sectional geometry. Results: In this article, we apply morphomap to femora from Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes to demonstrate its utility and show its typical outputs. morphomap greatly facilitates rapid analysis and functional interpretation of long bone form and should prove a valuable addition to the osteoarcheological analysis software toolkit. Conclusions: Long bone loading history is commonly retrodicted by calculating bio-mechanical parameters such as area moments of inertia, analyzing external shape and measuring cortical thickness. morphomap is a software written in the open source R environment, it integrates the main methodological approaches (geometric morpho-metrics, cortical morphometric maps, and cross-sectional geometry) used to parame-trize long bones. K E Y W O R D S cross-sectional geometry, geometric morphometrics, long bones, morphomap, morphometric maps, R</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43987298" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="59bf928b112d716c896b7c7bb5299be9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64317946,"asset_id":43987298,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64317946/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43987298 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43987298"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43987298, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43987298", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43987298]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43987298").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43987298").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43987298"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2360" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometric_Morphometrics">Geometric Morphometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2360" type="text/json">{"id":2360,"name":"Geometric Morphometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometric_Morphometrics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="228621" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bones">Long Bones</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="228621" type="text/json">{"id":228621,"name":"Long Bones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bones?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1190911" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R">R</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1190911" type="text/json">{"id":1190911,"name":"R","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43987298]'), work: {"id":43987298,"title":"morphomap: An R package for long bone landmarking, cortical thickness, and cross-sectional geometry mapping","created_at":"2020-08-31T06:09:23.822-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43987298/morphomap_An_R_package_for_long_bone_landmarking_cortical_thickness_and_cross_sectional_geometry_mapping?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_43987298","summary":"Objectives: This study describes and demonstrates the functionalities and application of a new R package, morphomap, designed to extract shape information as semi-landmarks in multiple sections, build cortical thickness maps, and calculate biome-chanical parameters on long bones. Methods: morphomap creates, from a single input (an oriented 3D mesh representing the long bone surface), multiple evenly spaced virtual sections. morphomap then directly and rapidly computes morphometric and biomechanical parameters on each of these sections. The R package comprises three modules: (a) to place semilandmarks on the inner and outer outlines of each section, (b) to extract cortical thicknesses for 2D and 3D mor-phometric mapping, and (c) to compute cross-sectional geometry. Results: In this article, we apply morphomap to femora from Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes to demonstrate its utility and show its typical outputs. morphomap greatly facilitates rapid analysis and functional interpretation of long bone form and should prove a valuable addition to the osteoarcheological analysis software toolkit. Conclusions: Long bone loading history is commonly retrodicted by calculating bio-mechanical parameters such as area moments of inertia, analyzing external shape and measuring cortical thickness. morphomap is a software written in the open source R environment, it integrates the main methodological approaches (geometric morpho-metrics, cortical morphometric maps, and cross-sectional geometry) used to parame-trize long bones. K E Y W O R D S cross-sectional geometry, geometric morphometrics, long bones, morphomap, morphometric maps, R","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64317946,"asset_id":43987298,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2360,"name":"Geometric Morphometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometric_Morphometrics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":228621,"name":"Long Bones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bones?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1190911,"name":"R","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":2787256,"name":"Morphometric maps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphometric_maps?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17697750" data-work_id="17697750" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17697750/Functional_plasticity_of_the_human_humerus_Shape_rigidity_and_muscular_entheses">Functional plasticity of the human humerus: Shape, rigidity, and muscular entheses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The relationship between the mechanical loading undergone by a bone and its form has been widely assumed as a premise in studies aiming to reconstruct behavioral patterns from skeletal remains. Nevertheless, this relationship is complex... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17697750" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The relationship between the mechanical loading undergone by a bone and its form has been widely assumed as a premise in studies aiming to reconstruct behavioral patterns from skeletal remains. Nevertheless, this relationship is complex due to the existence of many factors affecting bone structure and form, and further research combining structural and shape characteristics is needed. Using two-block PLS, which is a test to analyze the covariance between two sets of variables, we aim to investigate the relationship between upper-limb entheseal changes, cross-sectional properties, and contour shape of the humeral diaphysis. Our results show that individuals with strongly marked entheseal changes have increased diaphyseal rigidities. Bending rigidities are mainly related</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17697750" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8689e8827cc673f3311ae860947c2348" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39662786,"asset_id":17697750,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39662786/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1517841" href="https://uab.academia.edu/Assumpci%C3%B3Malgosa">Assumpció Malgosa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1517841" type="text/json">{"id":1517841,"first_name":"Assumpció","last_name":"Malgosa","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"AssumpcióMalgosa","display_name":"Assumpció Malgosa","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/Assumpci%C3%B3Malgosa?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1517841/7057133/7953997/s65_assumpci_.malgosa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17697750 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17697750"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17697750, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17697750", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17697750]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17697750").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17697750").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17697750"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_">Human Anatomy (Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="144" type="text/json">{"id":144,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17697750]'), work: {"id":17697750,"title":"Functional plasticity of the human humerus: Shape, rigidity, and muscular entheses","created_at":"2015-11-03T22:38:28.568-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17697750/Functional_plasticity_of_the_human_humerus_Shape_rigidity_and_muscular_entheses?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_17697750","summary":"The relationship between the mechanical loading undergone by a bone and its form has been widely assumed as a premise in studies aiming to reconstruct behavioral patterns from skeletal remains. Nevertheless, this relationship is complex due to the existence of many factors affecting bone structure and form, and further research combining structural and shape characteristics is needed. Using two-block PLS, which is a test to analyze the covariance between two sets of variables, we aim to investigate the relationship between upper-limb entheseal changes, cross-sectional properties, and contour shape of the humeral diaphysis. Our results show that individuals with strongly marked entheseal changes have increased diaphyseal rigidities. Bending rigidities are mainly related","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39662786,"asset_id":17697750,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1517841,"first_name":"Assumpció","last_name":"Malgosa","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"AssumpcióMalgosa","display_name":"Assumpció Malgosa","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/Assumpci%C3%B3Malgosa?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1517841/7057133/7953997/s65_assumpci_.malgosa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":144,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":2360,"name":"Geometric Morphometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometric_Morphometrics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":5482,"name":"PLS (Partial Least Squares) Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLS_Partial_Least_Squares_Methods?f_ri=71579"},{"id":5971,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biological Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biological_Anthropology_?f_ri=71579"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":9047,"name":"Osteology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":14007,"name":"Osteoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarchaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":28941,"name":"Musculoskeletal Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=71579"},{"id":57160,"name":"Human Osteology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Osteology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":59379,"name":"Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Stress_Markers_MSM_?f_ri=71579"},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":75371,"name":"Human skeletal anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_skeletal_anatomy?f_ri=71579"},{"id":85907,"name":"Humerus Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humerus_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":96853,"name":"Human Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy?f_ri=71579"},{"id":218736,"name":"Human Osteoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Osteoarchaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":313518,"name":"Activity patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity_patterns?f_ri=71579"},{"id":347226,"name":"Entheseal Changes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entheseal_Changes?f_ri=71579"},{"id":360548,"name":"Humerus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humerus?f_ri=71579"},{"id":502651,"name":"Long Bone Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bone_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35432443" data-work_id="35432443" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35432443/Evidence_for_genetic_and_behavioral_adaptations_in_the_ontogeny_of_prehistoric_hunter_gatherer_limb_robusticity">Evidence for genetic and behavioral adaptations in the ontogeny of prehistoric hunter-gatherer limb robusticity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biomechanical analyses of past populations have primarily focused on adults and interpreted variation in limb bone robusticity as indicative of differences in behavior. However, prior to skeletal maturity large changes occur in limb bone... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35432443" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biomechanical analyses of past populations have primarily focused on adults and interpreted variation in limb bone robusticity as indicative of differences in behavior. However, prior to skeletal maturity large changes occur in limb bone robusticity and shape. During ontogeny, the accrual of bone is regulated by differences in genetics and nutrition as well as mechanical loading. We consider how long bone robusticity changes from birth to young adulthood in order to understand when population differences appear during development and why this occurs. We analyzed the femoral and humeral midshafts of four prehistoric hunter-gatherer skeletal samples from four regions: Cis-Baikal, Siberia, Point Hope, Alaska, the central Japanese coast, and the South African Cape. Some statistically significant differences between populations manifest at birth or soon after. Some of this systemic patterning likely reflects adaptation of body shape to climate. Later Stone Age South Africans also appear to demonstrate low limb rigidity residuals as a result of growth towards a unique body type. Differentiation between populations also increases with age, pointing to functional adaptation as a result of behavioral differences. This proves largely concordant with other lines of evidence for differing levels of terrestrial and aquatic mobility in these populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35432443" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a98de7fce30324d4499d984dfa8611a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55293342,"asset_id":35432443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55293342/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6959220" href="https://missouri.academia.edu/LibbyCowgill">Libby Cowgill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6959220" type="text/json">{"id":6959220,"first_name":"Libby","last_name":"Cowgill","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"LibbyCowgill","display_name":"Libby Cowgill","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/LibbyCowgill?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6959220/2650056/18570472/s65_libby.cowgill.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35432443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35432443"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35432443, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35432443", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35432443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35432443; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35432443"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35432443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35432443"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35432443; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35432443]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35432443").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35432443").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35432443"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54961" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth">Growth</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54961" type="text/json">{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1196568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Robusticity">Skeletal Robusticity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1196568" type="text/json">{"id":1196568,"name":"Skeletal Robusticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Robusticity?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35432443]'), work: {"id":35432443,"title":"Evidence for genetic and behavioral adaptations in the ontogeny of prehistoric hunter-gatherer limb robusticity","created_at":"2017-12-14T13:48:44.403-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35432443/Evidence_for_genetic_and_behavioral_adaptations_in_the_ontogeny_of_prehistoric_hunter_gatherer_limb_robusticity?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_35432443","summary":"Biomechanical analyses of past populations have primarily focused on adults and interpreted variation in limb bone robusticity as indicative of differences in behavior. However, prior to skeletal maturity large changes occur in limb bone robusticity and shape. During ontogeny, the accrual of bone is regulated by differences in genetics and nutrition as well as mechanical loading. We consider how long bone robusticity changes from birth to young adulthood in order to understand when population differences appear during development and why this occurs. We analyzed the femoral and humeral midshafts of four prehistoric hunter-gatherer skeletal samples from four regions: Cis-Baikal, Siberia, Point Hope, Alaska, the central Japanese coast, and the South African Cape. Some statistically significant differences between populations manifest at birth or soon after. Some of this systemic patterning likely reflects adaptation of body shape to climate. Later Stone Age South Africans also appear to demonstrate low limb rigidity residuals as a result of growth towards a unique body type. Differentiation between populations also increases with age, pointing to functional adaptation as a result of behavioral differences. This proves largely concordant with other lines of evidence for differing levels of terrestrial and aquatic mobility in these populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55293342,"asset_id":35432443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6959220,"first_name":"Libby","last_name":"Cowgill","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"LibbyCowgill","display_name":"Libby Cowgill","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/LibbyCowgill?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6959220/2650056/18570472/s65_libby.cowgill.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1196568,"name":"Skeletal Robusticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Robusticity?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24630982 coauthored" data-work_id="24630982" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24630982/Ratios_of_humeral_to_femoral_mid_shaft_cortical_area_reflect_locomotor_behavior_in_primates_including_fossil_hominins">Ratios of humeral to femoral mid-shaft cortical area reflect locomotor behavior in primates, including fossil hominins</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Functional differentiation between the upper and lower limbs of hominins and other primates is commonly reflected in relative limb bone lengths. Additionally, analyses of the crosssectional properties (CSPs) of limb bone mid-shafts may... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24630982" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Functional differentiation between the upper and lower limbs of hominins and other primates is commonly reflected in relative limb bone lengths. Additionally, analyses of the crosssectional properties (CSPs) of limb bone mid-shafts may reflect functional differences in locomotion between species and permit inferences about early hominin locomotor behavior. Because limb bone mid-shaft CSPs are highly correlated with limb bone lengths, we suggest that ratios of humeral to femoral CSPs should provide additional indicators of functional differentiation between limbs both among populations of modern humans and among primates that use their limbs in different ways. Ultimately, these relationships may be useful for inferring locomotor behaviors among fossil hominins.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24630982" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac979f5cb55287a30062167450409968" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44958305,"asset_id":24630982,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44958305/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1211235" href="https://umn-d.academia.edu/AlexandraZachwieja">Alexandra J Zachwieja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1211235" type="text/json">{"id":1211235,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Zachwieja","domain_name":"umn-d","page_name":"AlexandraZachwieja","display_name":"Alexandra J Zachwieja","profile_url":"https://umn-d.academia.edu/AlexandraZachwieja?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1211235/436531/19053903/s65_alexandra.zachwieja.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-24630982">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-24630982"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://illinois.academia.edu/LauraShackelford">Laura Shackelford</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://illinois.academia.edu/JohnPolk">John Polk</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-24630982'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-24630982').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24630982 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24630982"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24630982, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24630982", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24630982 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24630982; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24630982"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24630982 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24630982"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24630982; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24630982]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24630982").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24630982").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24630982"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Anatomy">Functional Anatomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4926" type="text/json">{"id":4926,"name":"Functional Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Anatomy?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9658" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion">Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9658" type="text/json">{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66145" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution">Hominin evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66145" type="text/json">{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24630982]'), work: {"id":24630982,"title":"Ratios of humeral to femoral mid-shaft cortical area reflect locomotor behavior in primates, including fossil hominins","created_at":"2016-04-21T08:49:02.450-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24630982/Ratios_of_humeral_to_femoral_mid_shaft_cortical_area_reflect_locomotor_behavior_in_primates_including_fossil_hominins?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_24630982","summary":"Functional differentiation between the upper and lower limbs of hominins and other primates is commonly reflected in relative limb bone lengths. Additionally, analyses of the crosssectional properties (CSPs) of limb bone mid-shafts may reflect functional differences in locomotion between species and permit inferences about early hominin locomotor behavior. Because limb bone mid-shaft CSPs are highly correlated with limb bone lengths, we suggest that ratios of humeral to femoral CSPs should provide additional indicators of functional differentiation between limbs both among populations of modern humans and among primates that use their limbs in different ways. Ultimately, these relationships may be useful for inferring locomotor behaviors among fossil hominins.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44958305,"asset_id":24630982,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1211235,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Zachwieja","domain_name":"umn-d","page_name":"AlexandraZachwieja","display_name":"Alexandra J Zachwieja","profile_url":"https://umn-d.academia.edu/AlexandraZachwieja?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1211235/436531/19053903/s65_alexandra.zachwieja.jpg"},{"id":4675355,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Shackelford","domain_name":"illinois","page_name":"LauraShackelford","display_name":"Laura Shackelford","profile_url":"https://illinois.academia.edu/LauraShackelford?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":47553608,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Polk","domain_name":"illinois","page_name":"JohnPolk","display_name":"John Polk","profile_url":"https://illinois.academia.edu/JohnPolk?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47553608/15678428/16237188/s65_john.polk.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4926,"name":"Functional Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Anatomy?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":450525,"name":"Hominin Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Locomotion?f_ri=71579"},{"id":473007,"name":"Early Hominins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominins?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13192067 coauthored" data-work_id="13192067" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13192067/Intraskeletal_Variability_of_Relative_Cortical_Area_in_Humans">Intraskeletal Variability of Relative Cortical Area in Humans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Histomorphometric and cross-sectional geometric studies of bone have provided valuable information about age at death, behavioral and activity patterns, and pathological conditions for past and present human populations. While a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13192067" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Histomorphometric and cross-sectional geometric studies of bone have provided valuable information about age at death, behavioral and activity patterns, and pathological conditions for past and present human populations. While a considerable amount of exploratory and applied research has been completed using histomorphometric and cross-sectional geometric properties, the effects of intraskeletal variability on interpreting observed histomorphometric data have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study is to quantify intraskeletal variability in the relative cortical area of long bones and ribs from modern humans. To examine intraskeletal variability, cross-sections of the femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, and rib when present, were examined within individuals from a cadaveric collection (N = 34). Relative cortical area was compared within individuals using a repeated measurements General Linear Model, which shows significant differences between bones, particularly between the rib and the remaining long bones. Complementarily, correlations between bones' relative cortical area values suggest an important allometric component affecting this aspect of long bones, but not of the rib. This study highlights the magnitude of intraskeletal variability in relative cortical area in the human skeleton, and because the relative cortical area of any particular bone is affected by a series of confounding factors, extrapolation of relative cortical area values to infer load history for other skeletal elements can be misleading.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13192067" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d01cc78b69b4f5bdcc40d56697610b5a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37976324,"asset_id":13192067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37976324/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5641361" href="https://umcp.academia.edu/MarissaStewart">Marissa Stewart</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5641361" type="text/json">{"id":5641361,"first_name":"Marissa","last_name":"Stewart","domain_name":"umcp","page_name":"MarissaStewart","display_name":"Marissa Stewart","profile_url":"https://umcp.academia.edu/MarissaStewart?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5641361/6835658/14480492/s65_marissa.stewart.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13192067">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13192067"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://msstate.academia.edu/JesseGoliath">Jesse Goliath</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://osu.academia.edu/SamStout">Sam Stout</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13192067'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13192067').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13192067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13192067"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13192067, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13192067", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13192067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13192067; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13192067"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13192067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13192067"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13192067; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13192067]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13192067").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13192067").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13192067"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2230" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Biology">Bone Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2230" type="text/json">{"id":2230,"name":"Bone Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Biology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Biology">Skeletal Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2361" type="text/json">{"id":2361,"name":"Skeletal Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Biology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biological_Anthropology_">Human Anatomy (Biological Anthropology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5971" type="text/json">{"id":5971,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biological Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biological_Anthropology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13192067]'), work: {"id":13192067,"title":"Intraskeletal Variability of Relative Cortical Area in Humans","created_at":"2015-06-22T21:33:39.786-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13192067/Intraskeletal_Variability_of_Relative_Cortical_Area_in_Humans?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_13192067","summary":"Histomorphometric and cross-sectional geometric studies of bone have provided valuable information about age at death, behavioral and activity patterns, and pathological conditions for past and present human populations. While a considerable amount of exploratory and applied research has been completed using histomorphometric and cross-sectional geometric properties, the effects of intraskeletal variability on interpreting observed histomorphometric data have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study is to quantify intraskeletal variability in the relative cortical area of long bones and ribs from modern humans. To examine intraskeletal variability, cross-sections of the femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, and rib when present, were examined within individuals from a cadaveric collection (N = 34). Relative cortical area was compared within individuals using a repeated measurements General Linear Model, which shows significant differences between bones, particularly between the rib and the remaining long bones. Complementarily, correlations between bones' relative cortical area values suggest an important allometric component affecting this aspect of long bones, but not of the rib. This study highlights the magnitude of intraskeletal variability in relative cortical area in the human skeleton, and because the relative cortical area of any particular bone is affected by a series of confounding factors, extrapolation of relative cortical area values to infer load history for other skeletal elements can be misleading.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37976324,"asset_id":13192067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5641361,"first_name":"Marissa","last_name":"Stewart","domain_name":"umcp","page_name":"MarissaStewart","display_name":"Marissa Stewart","profile_url":"https://umcp.academia.edu/MarissaStewart?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5641361/6835658/14480492/s65_marissa.stewart.jpg"},{"id":267707,"first_name":"Jesse","last_name":"Goliath","domain_name":"msstate","page_name":"JesseGoliath","display_name":"Jesse Goliath","profile_url":"https://msstate.academia.edu/JesseGoliath?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/267707/93951/63269018/s65_jesse.goliath.jpg"},{"id":326094,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Stout","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"SamStout","display_name":"Sam Stout","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/SamStout?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326094/136285/158278/s65_sam.stout.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":2230,"name":"Bone Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Biology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":2361,"name":"Skeletal Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Biology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":5971,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biological Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biological_Anthropology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=71579"},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":119880,"name":"Bone histomorphometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_histomorphometry?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8008299" data-work_id="8008299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8008299/Chapter_6_The_Importance_of_Considering_Fibular_Robusticity_When_Inferring_the_Mobility_Patterns_of_Past_Populations">Chapter 6. The Importance of Considering Fibular Robusticity When Inferring the Mobility Patterns of Past Populations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this chapter we investigate the lower limb structural rigidity (using cross-sectional geometric properties of the diaphyseal midshaft) within a sample of 124 individuals from the Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8008299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this chapter we investigate the lower limb structural rigidity (using cross-sectional geometric properties of the diaphyseal midshaft) within a sample of 124 individuals from the Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age from Italy, Medieval Germany, and twenty-first Century Britain (long distance runners, field hockey players, and sedentary controls). Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age samples were settled in rugged areas, whereas the other samples inhabited plain areas. The aim of this study is to assess whether fibular diaphyseal properties reflect mobility patterns or terrain properties in past populations. Both fibular rigidity and relative fibular rigidity ratio (fibula/tibia) have been analyzed. Results reveal that Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age samples show high fibular rigidity and have values of relative fibular rigidity that are most similar to modern hockey players. The relative fibular diaphyseal rigidity of hockey players has been previously explained as the consequence of their dynamic and repetitive change of direction. Late Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic individuals are thought to have been highly terrestrially mobile, while Iron Age people were probably fairly sedentary. However, all of the three groups lived in areas of uneven terrain. We concluded that fibular rigidity and relative fibular rigidity are influenced by factorsthat increase foot eversion/inversion such as frequent directional changes and uneven terrain. The results of this study suggest that inclusion of the fibula provides a valuable additional perspective that complements traditional predictions of mobility patterns based on the femur or the tibia alone.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8008299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4df4cf01fbba3281ac1177de4d407331" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34854244,"asset_id":8008299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34854244/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8008299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8008299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8008299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8008299", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8008299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8008299; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8008299"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8008299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8008299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8008299; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8008299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8008299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8008299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8008299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85903" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia">Tibia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85903" type="text/json">{"id":85903,"name":"Tibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168989" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrain_Conformation">Terrain Conformation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="168989" type="text/json">{"id":168989,"name":"Terrain Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrain_Conformation?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8008299]'), work: {"id":8008299,"title":"Chapter 6. The Importance of Considering Fibular Robusticity When Inferring the Mobility Patterns of Past Populations","created_at":"2014-08-18T01:00:31.150-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8008299/Chapter_6_The_Importance_of_Considering_Fibular_Robusticity_When_Inferring_the_Mobility_Patterns_of_Past_Populations?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_8008299","summary":"In this chapter we investigate the lower limb structural rigidity (using cross-sectional geometric properties of the diaphyseal midshaft) within a sample of 124 individuals from the Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age from Italy, Medieval Germany, and twenty-first Century Britain (long distance runners, field hockey players, and sedentary controls). Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age samples were settled in rugged areas, whereas the other samples inhabited plain areas. The aim of this study is to assess whether fibular diaphyseal properties reflect mobility patterns or terrain properties in past populations. Both fibular rigidity and relative fibular rigidity ratio (fibula/tibia) have been analyzed. Results reveal that Late Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age samples show high fibular rigidity and have values of relative fibular rigidity that are most similar to modern hockey players. The relative fibular diaphyseal rigidity of hockey players has been previously explained as the consequence of their dynamic and repetitive change of direction. Late Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic individuals are thought to have been highly terrestrially mobile, while Iron Age people were probably fairly sedentary. However, all of the three groups lived in areas of uneven terrain. We concluded that fibular rigidity and relative fibular rigidity are influenced by factorsthat increase foot eversion/inversion such as frequent directional changes and uneven terrain. The results of this study suggest that inclusion of the fibula provides a valuable additional perspective that complements traditional predictions of mobility patterns based on the femur or the tibia alone.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34854244,"asset_id":8008299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":85903,"name":"Tibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":168989,"name":"Terrain Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrain_Conformation?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":366875,"name":"Fibulae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibulae?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4677708 coauthored" data-work_id="4677708" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4677708/Cross_Sectional_Analysis_of_Long_Bones_Occupational_Activities_and_Long_Distance_Trade_of_the_Classic_Maya_From_Xcamb%C3%B3_Archaeological_and_Osteological_Evidence">Cross-Sectional Analysis of Long Bones, Occupational Activities and Long-Distance Trade of the Classic Maya From Xcambó —Archaeological and Osteological Evidence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Xcambó is a Classic period Maya site (250-700 AD) situated on the northern coast of Yucatan, Mexico. Archaeological evidence suggests that the site began as a salt production center but adopted a more administrative role as a commercial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4677708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Xcambó is a Classic period Maya site (250-700 AD) situated on the northern coast of Yucatan, Mexico. Archaeological evidence suggests that the site began as a salt production center but adopted a more administrative role as a commercial port in the Late Classic period. Economic growth, depending on its magnitude, could have affected the daily occupations of Xcambó's inhabitants. However, this is difficult to infer from the archaeological record. The aim of this study was to directly evaluate this possibility through skeletal analysis. Since diaphyseal robusticity and shape are predominantly influenced by mechanical loading history, long bone cross-sections can be used to access activity patterns. To this end, humeri and femora of 47 male and 35 female adult specimens from two Xcambó population samples were scrutinized. Our</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4677708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9bb05765532737df617cb5fa4a06a3d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32014262,"asset_id":4677708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32014262/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5941528" href="https://conniebarbour.academia.edu/IsabelMaggiano">Isabel Maggiano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5941528" type="text/json">{"id":5941528,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Maggiano","domain_name":"conniebarbour","page_name":"IsabelMaggiano","display_name":"Isabel Maggiano","profile_url":"https://conniebarbour.academia.edu/IsabelMaggiano?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-4677708">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-4677708"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uady.academia.edu/VeraTiesler">Vera Tiesler</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4677708'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4677708').html(); 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Archaeological evidence suggests that the site began as a salt production center but adopted a more administrative role as a commercial port in the Late Classic period. Economic growth, depending on its magnitude, could have affected the daily occupations of Xcambó's inhabitants. However, this is difficult to infer from the archaeological record. The aim of this study was to directly evaluate this possibility through skeletal analysis. Since diaphyseal robusticity and shape are predominantly influenced by mechanical loading history, long bone cross-sections can be used to access activity patterns. To this end, humeri and femora of 47 male and 35 female adult specimens from two Xcambó population samples were scrutinized. Our","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32014262,"asset_id":4677708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5941528,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Maggiano","domain_name":"conniebarbour","page_name":"IsabelMaggiano","display_name":"Isabel Maggiano","profile_url":"https://conniebarbour.academia.edu/IsabelMaggiano?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":404105,"first_name":"Vera","last_name":"Tiesler","domain_name":"uady","page_name":"VeraTiesler","display_name":"Vera Tiesler","profile_url":"https://uady.academia.edu/VeraTiesler?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/404105/369207/447380/s65_vera.tiesler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":88041,"name":"Bone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":322549,"name":"Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24443538" data-work_id="24443538" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24443538/Cross_sectional_geometry_vs_traditional_indices_What_can_we_gain_from_these_recording_methods">Cross-sectional geometry vs traditional indices: What can we gain from these recording methods?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction Most recording guidelines for human skeletal remains instruct researchers to measure anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters of long bones at varying points on the shaft. However, these points differ based on individual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24443538" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction Most recording guidelines for human skeletal remains instruct researchers to measure anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters of long bones at varying points on the shaft. However, these points differ based on individual bones and the resulting measurements can vary depending on the observer. Of particular concern is the platycnemic index, which compares diameters at the tibial nutrient foramen. However, over 100 years of recording this has led to a large amount of data that could be utilized in further studies by comparing it with biomechanical cross-sectional geometric properties (CSGs).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24443538" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7901b407ec0c6ddf4b4f06dfe83feb78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44773901,"asset_id":24443538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44773901/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3332670" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/StacyHackner">Stacy Hackner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3332670" type="text/json">{"id":3332670,"first_name":"Stacy","last_name":"Hackner","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"StacyHackner","display_name":"Stacy Hackner","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/StacyHackner?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3332670/1530647/17478132/s65_stacy.hackner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24443538 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24443538"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24443538, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24443538", }); 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However, these points differ based on individual bones and the resulting measurements can vary depending on the observer. Of particular concern is the platycnemic index, which compares diameters at the tibial nutrient foramen. However, over 100 years of recording this has led to a large amount of data that could be utilized in further studies by comparing it with biomechanical cross-sectional geometric properties (CSGs).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44773901,"asset_id":24443538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3332670,"first_name":"Stacy","last_name":"Hackner","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"StacyHackner","display_name":"Stacy Hackner","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/StacyHackner?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3332670/1530647/17478132/s65_stacy.hackner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":85903,"name":"Tibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6166453" data-work_id="6166453" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6166453/Does_variation_in_fibular_robusticity_reflect_variation_in_mobility_patterns_">Does variation in fibular robusticity reflect variation in mobility patterns?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166453" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf45b9d377ce6b8988bbf6fa5c61ef4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33053862,"asset_id":6166453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33053862/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6166453 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6166453"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6166453, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6166453", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6166453]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6166453").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6166453").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6166453"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes">Athletes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219568" type="text/json">{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6166453]'), work: {"id":6166453,"title":"Does variation in fibular robusticity reflect variation in mobility patterns?\b\u0002","created_at":"2014-02-21T22:21:37.367-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6166453/Does_variation_in_fibular_robusticity_reflect_variation_in_mobility_patterns_?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_6166453","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33053862,"asset_id":6166453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6166091" data-work_id="6166091" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6166091/Un_approccio_biomeccanico_allo_studio_delle_caratteristiche_locomotorie_degli_ominoidei">Un approccio biomeccanico allo studio delle caratteristiche locomotorie degli ominoidei</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In questa lavoro vengono presentati i risultati ottenuti attraverso l'analisi della "geometria trasversale delle ossa lunghe" (Cross Sectional Geometry, CSG) applicata a metacarpali, tibia, fibula e metatarsali di scimpanze, gorilla,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6166091" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In questa lavoro vengono presentati i risultati ottenuti attraverso l'analisi della "geometria trasversale delle ossa lunghe" (Cross Sectional Geometry, CSG) applicata a metacarpali, tibia, fibula e metatarsali di scimpanze, gorilla, orango, gibbone e uomo (105 individui complessivamente). Scopo del Iavoro e quello di evidenziare gli effetti piu significativi da un punto di vista biomeccanico delle diverse abitudini Iocomotorie e posturali all'interno della superfamiglia degli ominoidei. AI fine di stabilire it carico meccanico a cui l' osso e stato sottoposto sono state rilevate Ie sezioni a diversi livelli delle diafisi (35%, 50% e 65% della Iunghezza dell'osso per i metacarpali e i metatarsali; 20%, 35%, 50%, 65% e 80% della lunghezza dell'osso per la tibia e la fibula). n metoda di rilevamento delle sezioni e non invasivo e consiste nell' effettuare it calco del contorno esterno dell'osso ai diversi livelli. Questo, associato a radiografie biplanari, permette di ottenere una buona ricostruzione della reale sezione dell'osso, come attestato da vari studi basati su confronti con i risultati ottenuti mediante TAC. Una prima analisi su tibia e fibula, metacarpali e metatarsali effettuata utilizzando dati grem (cioe non standardizzati) non ha evidenziato una netta distinzione tra Ie specie caratterizzate da stili locomoton differenti (es. knuckle-walkers v.s. arboricoli). Si e quindi passati ad una verifica mediante analisi bivariata, combinando CSG con Ia massa corporea, con la lunghezza dell' osso ed infine con lunghezza dell' osso x la massa corporea. I risultati ottenuti sono in accordo con quanto i dati della letteratura prefiguravano. In particolare, i momenti d' inerzia (Ix, Iy, J) risuItano direttamente legati al prodorio massa corporea x Iunghezza dell'osso, mentre Ie aree (area corticale, aree articolari) risultano maggiormente influenzate dalla massa corporea. AlIa luce di questi risultati una nuova analisi descrittiva dei dati di CSG ha permesso alcune interessanti distinzioni. Infatti sono state messe in evidenza alcune caratteristiche biomeccaniche di tibia e fibula, quali l' inclinazione dell' asse principale (theta) e il momento d'inerzia massimo (lmax), che sembrano separare Ie grandi antropomorfe africane dalle asiatiche e dagli umani. b¥Uo~ani, come ci aspettavamo, i knuckle-walkers (scimpanze e gorilla) evi ~. $tress da maggior carico biomeccanico suI terzo e suI quarto metacarpale. • J piedi, il maggior stress da carico e state evidenziato per gli umani (bipedi permanenti) nel primo, nel quarto e nel quinto metatarsale. Resta da segnalare che studi effettuati in passato hanno evidenziato relazioni fra caratteristiche articolari e i diversi stili locomotori dei primati. E' noto ad esempio che i primati piu lenti (come l' orango) hanno superfici articolari maggiori di primati che si muovono con maggior velocita (come il gibbone). Questi dati aprono interessanti sviluppi all'indagine che si prevede di condurre mediante l'analisi combinata delle dimensioni articolari con queUe di CSG.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166091" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92ed88e0300f5fa0c5812243d86f7571" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33053622,"asset_id":6166091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33053622/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6166091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6166091"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6166091, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6166091", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6166091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6166091; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6166091"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6166091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6166091"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6166091; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6166091]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6166091").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6166091").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6166091"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9658" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion">Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9658" type="text/json">{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6166091]'), work: {"id":6166091,"title":"Un approccio biomeccanico allo studio delle caratteristiche locomotorie degli ominoidei","created_at":"2014-02-21T21:31:09.425-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6166091/Un_approccio_biomeccanico_allo_studio_delle_caratteristiche_locomotorie_degli_ominoidei?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_6166091","summary":"In questa lavoro vengono presentati i risultati ottenuti attraverso l'analisi della \"geometria trasversale delle ossa lunghe\" (Cross Sectional Geometry, CSG) applicata a metacarpali, tibia, fibula e metatarsali di scimpanze, gorilla, orango, gibbone e uomo (105 individui complessivamente). Scopo del Iavoro e quello di evidenziare gli effetti piu significativi da un punto di vista biomeccanico delle diverse abitudini Iocomotorie e posturali all'interno della superfamiglia degli ominoidei. AI fine di stabilire it carico meccanico a cui l' osso e stato sottoposto sono state rilevate Ie sezioni a diversi livelli delle diafisi (35%, 50% e 65% della Iunghezza dell'osso per i metacarpali e i metatarsali; 20%, 35%, 50%, 65% e 80% della lunghezza dell'osso per la tibia e la fibula). n metoda di rilevamento delle sezioni e non invasivo e consiste nell' effettuare it calco del contorno esterno dell'osso ai diversi livelli. Questo, associato a radiografie biplanari, permette di ottenere una buona ricostruzione della reale sezione dell'osso, come attestato da vari studi basati su confronti con i risultati ottenuti mediante TAC. Una prima analisi su tibia e fibula, metacarpali e metatarsali effettuata utilizzando dati grem (cioe non standardizzati) non ha evidenziato una netta distinzione tra Ie specie caratterizzate da stili locomoton differenti (es. knuckle-walkers v.s. arboricoli). Si e quindi passati ad una verifica mediante analisi bivariata, combinando CSG con Ia massa corporea, con la lunghezza dell' osso ed infine con lunghezza dell' osso x la massa corporea. I risultati ottenuti sono in accordo con quanto i dati della letteratura prefiguravano. In particolare, i momenti d' inerzia (Ix, Iy, J) risuItano direttamente legati al prodorio massa corporea x Iunghezza dell'osso, mentre Ie aree (area corticale, aree articolari) risultano maggiormente influenzate dalla massa corporea. AlIa luce di questi risultati una nuova analisi descrittiva dei dati di CSG ha permesso alcune interessanti distinzioni. Infatti sono state messe in evidenza alcune caratteristiche biomeccaniche di tibia e fibula, quali l' inclinazione dell' asse principale (theta) e il momento d'inerzia massimo (lmax), che sembrano separare Ie grandi antropomorfe africane dalle asiatiche e dagli umani. b¥Uo~ani, come ci aspettavamo, i knuckle-walkers (scimpanze e gorilla) evi ~. $tress da maggior carico biomeccanico suI terzo e suI quarto metacarpale. • J piedi, il maggior stress da carico e state evidenziato per gli umani (bipedi permanenti) nel primo, nel quarto e nel quinto metatarsale. Resta da segnalare che studi effettuati in passato hanno evidenziato relazioni fra caratteristiche articolari e i diversi stili locomotori dei primati. E' noto ad esempio che i primati piu lenti (come l' orango) hanno superfici articolari maggiori di primati che si muovono con maggior velocita (come il gibbone). Questi dati aprono interessanti sviluppi all'indagine che si prevede di condurre mediante l'analisi combinata delle dimensioni articolari con queUe di CSG.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33053622,"asset_id":6166091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1268687 coauthored" data-work_id="1268687" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1268687/Activity_patterns_in_the_Sahara_Desert_An_interpretation_based_on_cross_sectional_geometric_properties">Activity patterns in the Sahara Desert: An interpretation based on cross‐sectional geometric properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Garamantian civilization flourished in modern Fezzan, Libya, between 900 BC and 500 AD, during which the aridification of the Sahara was well established. Study of the archaeological remains suggests a population successful at coping... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1268687" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Garamantian civilization flourished in modern Fezzan, Libya, between 900 BC and 500 AD, during which the aridification of the Sahara was well established. Study of the archaeological remains suggests a population successful at coping with a harsh environment of high and fluctuating temperatures and reduced water and food resources. This study explores the activity patterns of the Garamantes by means of cross-sectional geometric properties. Long bone diaphyseal shape and rigidity are compared between the Garamantes and populations from Egypt and Sudan, namely from the sites of Kerma, el-Badari, and Jebel Moya, to determine whether the Garamantian daily activities were more strenuous than those of other North African populations. Moreover, sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry are assessed at an intra- and inter-population level. The inter-population comparisons showed the Garamantes not to be more robust than the comparative populations, suggesting that the daily Garamantian activities necessary for survival in the Sahara Desert did not generally impose greater loads than those of other North African populations. Sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry in almost all geometric properties of the long limbs were comparatively low among the Garamantes. Only the lower limbs were significantly stronger among males than females, possibly due to higher levels of mobility associated with herding. The lack of systematic bilateral asymmetry in cross-sectional geometric properties may relate to the involvement of the population in bilaterally intensive activities or the lack of regular repetition of unilateral activities</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1268687" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea56d31c07eb38ca9ef839e82008a0e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12088695,"asset_id":1268687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12088695/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="360479" href="https://sinica.academia.edu/YunYsiSiew">Yun Ysi Siew</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="360479" type="text/json">{"id":360479,"first_name":"Yun Ysi","last_name":"Siew","domain_name":"sinica","page_name":"YunYsiSiew","display_name":"Yun Ysi Siew","profile_url":"https://sinica.academia.edu/YunYsiSiew?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/360479/1412361/1733962/s65_yun_ysi.siew.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1268687">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1268687"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cyi.academia.edu/EfthymiaNikita">Efthymia Nikita</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1268687'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1268687').html(); 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Study of the archaeological remains suggests a population successful at coping with a harsh environment of high and fluctuating temperatures and reduced water and food resources. This study explores the activity patterns of the Garamantes by means of cross-sectional geometric properties. Long bone diaphyseal shape and rigidity are compared between the Garamantes and populations from Egypt and Sudan, namely from the sites of Kerma, el-Badari, and Jebel Moya, to determine whether the Garamantian daily activities were more strenuous than those of other North African populations. Moreover, sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry are assessed at an intra- and inter-population level. The inter-population comparisons showed the Garamantes not to be more robust than the comparative populations, suggesting that the daily Garamantian activities necessary for survival in the Sahara Desert did not generally impose greater loads than those of other North African populations. Sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry in almost all geometric properties of the long limbs were comparatively low among the Garamantes. Only the lower limbs were significantly stronger among males than females, possibly due to higher levels of mobility associated with herding. The lack of systematic bilateral asymmetry in cross-sectional geometric properties may relate to the involvement of the population in bilaterally intensive activities or the lack of regular repetition of unilateral activities","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12088695,"asset_id":1268687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":360479,"first_name":"Yun Ysi","last_name":"Siew","domain_name":"sinica","page_name":"YunYsiSiew","display_name":"Yun Ysi Siew","profile_url":"https://sinica.academia.edu/YunYsiSiew?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/360479/1412361/1733962/s65_yun_ysi.siew.jpg"},{"id":941021,"first_name":"Efthymia","last_name":"Nikita","domain_name":"cyi","page_name":"EfthymiaNikita","display_name":"Efthymia Nikita","profile_url":"https://cyi.academia.edu/EfthymiaNikita?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/941021/400655/141942258/s65_efthymia.nikita.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":584262,"name":"Garamantes x Sahara Desert x North African Archaeology x Libya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garamantes_x_Sahara_Desert_x_North_African_Archaeology_x_Libya?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37651620 coauthored" data-work_id="37651620" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37651620/SIZING_OPTIMIZATION_OF_PARAMETRICALLY_DESIGNED_TRUSSES">SIZING OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETRICALLY DESIGNED TRUSSES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper parametric modeling of sizing optimization truss models is developed. Sizing optimization of trusses views element cross-sections as variables with the goal of minimizing overall mass while maintaining equivalent stresses... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37651620" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper parametric modeling of sizing optimization truss models is developed. Sizing optimization of trusses views element cross-sections as variables with the goal of minimizing overall mass while maintaining equivalent stresses within acceptable ranges, as well as limiting displacement. In order to conduct such a process, models needs to be created with parameters, and outputs which can be used to create an objective function. Furthermore the models in each iteration of the optimization are subjected to finite element analyses to determine stress. Parametric models of standard 10 bar, 17 bar, and 25 bar trusses are created to facilitate optimization. The heuristic optimization method used is genetic algorithm. Optimization results obtained from these models are compared to those from literature and the initial model.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37651620" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f772399d1485d1bc4e6b751846ec164" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57638407,"asset_id":37651620,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57638407/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71997334" href="https://vts-rs.academia.edu/NenadPetrovic">Nenad Petrovic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71997334" type="text/json">{"id":71997334,"first_name":"Nenad","last_name":"Petrovic","domain_name":"vts-rs","page_name":"NenadPetrovic","display_name":"Nenad Petrovic","profile_url":"https://vts-rs.academia.edu/NenadPetrovic?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71997334/20972825/20479980/s65_nenad.petrovic.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37651620">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37651620"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://kg.academia.edu/NenadKostic">Nenad Kostic</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37651620'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37651620').html(); 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Sizing optimization of trusses views element cross-sections as variables with the goal of minimizing overall mass while maintaining equivalent stresses within acceptable ranges, as well as limiting displacement. In order to conduct such a process, models needs to be created with parameters, and outputs which can be used to create an objective function. Furthermore the models in each iteration of the optimization are subjected to finite element analyses to determine stress. Parametric models of standard 10 bar, 17 bar, and 25 bar trusses are created to facilitate optimization. The heuristic optimization method used is genetic algorithm. Optimization results obtained from these models are compared to those from literature and the initial model.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57638407,"asset_id":37651620,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71997334,"first_name":"Nenad","last_name":"Petrovic","domain_name":"vts-rs","page_name":"NenadPetrovic","display_name":"Nenad Petrovic","profile_url":"https://vts-rs.academia.edu/NenadPetrovic?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71997334/20972825/20479980/s65_nenad.petrovic.jpg"},{"id":72091978,"first_name":"Nenad","last_name":"Kostic","domain_name":"kg","page_name":"NenadKostic","display_name":"Nenad Kostic","profile_url":"https://kg.academia.edu/NenadKostic?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":7371,"name":"Structural 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Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10039553" data-work_id="10039553" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10039553/Cross_sectional_analysis_of_long_bones_occupational_activities_and_long_distance_trade_of_the_Classic_Maya_from_Xcamb%C3%B3_Archaeological_and_osteological_evidence">Cross‐sectional analysis of long bones, occupational activities and long‐distance trade of the Classic Maya from Xcambó—Archaeological and osteological evidence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Xcambó is a Classic period Maya site (250–700 AD) situated on the northern coast of Yucatan, Mexico. Archaeological evidence suggests that the site began as a salt production center but adopted a more administrative role as a commercial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10039553" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Xcambó is a Classic period Maya site (250–700 AD) situated on the northern coast of Yucatan, Mexico. Archaeological evidence suggests that the site began as a salt production center but adopted a more administrative role as a commercial port in the Late Classic period. Economic growth, depending on its magnitude, could have affected the daily occupations of Xcambó's inhabitants. However, this is difficult to infer from the archaeological record. The aim of this study was to directly evaluate this possibility through skeletal analysis. Since diaphyseal robusticity and shape are predominantly influenced by mechanical loading history, long bone cross-sections can be used to access activity patterns. To this end, humeri and femora of 47 male and 35 female adult specimens from two Xcambó population samples were scrutinized. Our analysis satisfies general archaeological expectations and provides additional information on the population's physical response to economic growth. Decreasing robusticity and femoral anterior–posterior rigidity indicate an overall decrease in physical workload and mobility, concomitant with the site's increasing administrative function. We also observed a significant decrease in sexual dimorphism, possibly attributable to the differential response of male and female physical work spheres during socioeconomic change. In general, our findings suggest even nonsubsistence based socioeconomic change can significantly affect the bone structure of a population, rendering activity analysis an important aspect of the reconstruction of living conditions of past populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10039553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c97c85af4f809703bcbde6130edb53b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47556673,"asset_id":10039553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47556673/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24447851" href="https://inah.academia.edu/ThelmaSierra">Thelma N Sierra Sosa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24447851" type="text/json">{"id":24447851,"first_name":"Thelma","last_name":"Sierra Sosa","domain_name":"inah","page_name":"ThelmaSierra","display_name":"Thelma N Sierra Sosa","profile_url":"https://inah.academia.edu/ThelmaSierra?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24447851/10139743/11314063/s65_thelma.sierra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10039553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10039553"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10039553, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10039553", }); 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Archaeological evidence suggests that the site began as a salt production center but adopted a more administrative role as a commercial port in the Late Classic period. Economic growth, depending on its magnitude, could have affected the daily occupations of Xcambó's inhabitants. However, this is difficult to infer from the archaeological record. The aim of this study was to directly evaluate this possibility through skeletal analysis. Since diaphyseal robusticity and shape are predominantly influenced by mechanical loading history, long bone cross-sections can be used to access activity patterns. To this end, humeri and femora of 47 male and 35 female adult specimens from two Xcambó population samples were scrutinized. Our analysis satisfies general archaeological expectations and provides additional information on the population's physical response to economic growth. Decreasing robusticity and femoral anterior–posterior rigidity indicate an overall decrease in physical workload and mobility, concomitant with the site's increasing administrative function. We also observed a significant decrease in sexual dimorphism, possibly attributable to the differential response of male and female physical work spheres during socioeconomic change. In general, our findings suggest even nonsubsistence based socioeconomic change can significantly affect the bone structure of a population, rendering activity analysis an important aspect of the reconstruction of living conditions of past populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47556673,"asset_id":10039553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24447851,"first_name":"Thelma","last_name":"Sierra Sosa","domain_name":"inah","page_name":"ThelmaSierra","display_name":"Thelma N Sierra Sosa","profile_url":"https://inah.academia.edu/ThelmaSierra?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24447851/10139743/11314063/s65_thelma.sierra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/978194/Applicazione_delle_tecniche_di_geometria_sulle_sezioni_trasverse_dellomero_e_del_femore_in_un_campione_di_pugliesi_compreso_tra_preistoria_ed_Et%C3%A0_Moderna_Primi_risultati">Applicazione delle tecniche di geometria sulle sezioni trasverse dell'omero e del femore in un campione di pugliesi compreso tra preistoria ed Età Moderna. Primi risultati.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines changes in the cross-sectional distribution of cortical bone in the humeral and femoral mid-shaft in a sample of 83 humeri and 88 femuri pertaining to individuals of male sex and adult age, comprised chronological arc... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_978194" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines changes in the cross-sectional distribution of cortical bone in the humeral and femoral mid-shaft in a sample of 83 humeri and 88 femuri pertaining to individuals of male sex and adult age, comprised chronological arc from Neolithic Ancient to the Modern Age, and recovered during archaeological digs in cemeteries of Puglia (south Italy). Significant changes occur between the Neolithic periods and the others, and we recognize a temporal trend with a increase of physical labor and a decrease of nutritional status, from neolithic to Modern Age.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/978194" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="59301ca36b9a2a660a26e0e9cf9fbd06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36452049,"asset_id":978194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36452049/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="810498" href="https://uniba-it.academia.edu/sandrosublimi">Sandro Sublimi Saponetti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="810498" type="text/json">{"id":810498,"first_name":"Sandro","last_name":"Sublimi Saponetti","domain_name":"uniba-it","page_name":"sandrosublimi","display_name":"Sandro Sublimi Saponetti","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/sandrosublimi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/810498/760238/14723540/s65_sandro.sublimi_saponetti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_978194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="978194"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 978194, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_978194", }); 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Primi risultati.","created_at":"2011-10-04T16:29:46.917-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/978194/Applicazione_delle_tecniche_di_geometria_sulle_sezioni_trasverse_dellomero_e_del_femore_in_un_campione_di_pugliesi_compreso_tra_preistoria_ed_Et%C3%A0_Moderna_Primi_risultati?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_978194","summary":"This study examines changes in the cross-sectional distribution of cortical bone in the humeral and femoral mid-shaft in a sample of 83 humeri and 88 femuri pertaining to individuals of male sex and adult age, comprised chronological arc from Neolithic Ancient to the Modern Age, and recovered during archaeological digs in cemeteries of Puglia (south Italy). Significant changes occur between the Neolithic periods and the others, and we recognize a temporal trend with a increase of physical labor and a decrease of nutritional status, from neolithic to Modern Age. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36452049,"asset_id":978194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":810498,"first_name":"Sandro","last_name":"Sublimi Saponetti","domain_name":"uniba-it","page_name":"sandrosublimi","display_name":"Sandro Sublimi Saponetti","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/sandrosublimi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/810498/760238/14723540/s65_sandro.sublimi_saponetti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":41906,"name":"Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":223706,"name":"Body Mass 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Saponetti","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/sandrosublimi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/810498/760238/14723540/s65_sandro.sublimi_saponetti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6166397" data-work_id="6166397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6166397/_Metatarsal_neutral_axis_and_head_torsion_in_hominoids">Metatarsal neutral axis and head torsion in hominoids</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30752a5c5ef9b8973e921e57f42ae62b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33053806,"asset_id":6166397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6166397]'), work: {"id":6166397,"title":"\u001d\u0002\u0015\u0011\u0015\u0011\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u001d\u0002\u0015\u0011\u0015\u0011\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005Metatarsal neutral axis and head torsion in hominoids","created_at":"2014-02-21T22:13:22.406-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6166397/_Metatarsal_neutral_axis_and_head_torsion_in_hominoids?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_6166397","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33053806,"asset_id":6166397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1299102,"name":"Arboreal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42823500" data-work_id="42823500" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42823500/morphomap_an_R_package_for_analysis_of_diaphyseal_cortical_thickness_shape_and_cross_sectional_geometry">morphomap: an R package for analysis of diaphyseal cortical thickness, shape and cross-sectional geometry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The cross-sectional geometry of long bones is commonly used to infer their biomechanical properties in investigations of past and present primate locomotion as well as to assess intensity and repetitiveness of physical activities, and to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42823500" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The cross-sectional geometry of long bones is<br />commonly used to infer their biomechanical<br />properties in investigations of past and present<br />primate locomotion as well as to assess intensity<br />and repetitiveness of physical activities, and<br />to estimate body mass. While cross-sectional<br />geometry has proved to be very useful for reconstructing<br />bone loading patterns, a limitation of the<br />technique has been that only a few cross sections<br />along the diaphysis can be analyzed. The advent<br />of virtual imaging and image processing offers<br />the prospect of semi automating the sectioning<br />and calculation of geometric properties at high<br />resolution. We present the morphomap package,<br />developed in the R environment, to extract cross<br />sections from long bone meshes at speci􀜪ed<br />intervals along the diaphysis and to calculate<br />two and three dimensional morphometric maps,<br />cross-sectional geometric parameters, and<br />semilandmarks on the periosteal and endosteal<br />contours of each cross section. We demonstrate<br />the validity of this computational tool by showing<br />that it obtains the same results as those from<br />manual and other computational approaches.<br />We then demonstrate the functionality of<br />morphomap in a comparison of human and<br />chimpanzee femora. The tool produces 61 cross<br />sections along each diaphysis, at increments of<br />1% between 20% and 80% of their biomechanical<br />length, automatically draws morphometric maps<br />and calculates the parameters described above.<br />The results illustrate the potential of morphomap<br />in identifying differences in diaphyses that can be<br />related to differences in locomotion and lifestyle in<br />living and fossil primates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42823500" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="714dcd48ab1880526dc1aa6699bde3a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63055117,"asset_id":42823500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63055117/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42823500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42823500"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42823500, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42823500", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42823500]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42823500").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42823500").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42823500"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2360" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometric_Morphometrics">Geometric Morphometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2360" type="text/json">{"id":2360,"name":"Geometric Morphometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometric_Morphometrics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Morphology">Functional Morphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4438" type="text/json">{"id":4438,"name":"Functional Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Morphology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42823500]'), work: {"id":42823500,"title":"morphomap: an R package for analysis of diaphyseal cortical thickness, shape and cross-sectional geometry","created_at":"2020-04-22T13:16:40.349-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42823500/morphomap_an_R_package_for_analysis_of_diaphyseal_cortical_thickness_shape_and_cross_sectional_geometry?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_42823500","summary":"The cross-sectional geometry of long bones is\ncommonly used to infer their biomechanical\nproperties in investigations of past and present\nprimate locomotion as well as to assess intensity\nand repetitiveness of physical activities, and\nto estimate body mass. While cross-sectional\ngeometry has proved to be very useful for reconstructing\nbone loading patterns, a limitation of the\ntechnique has been that only a few cross sections\nalong the diaphysis can be analyzed. The advent\nof virtual imaging and image processing offers\nthe prospect of semi automating the sectioning\nand calculation of geometric properties at high\nresolution. We present the morphomap package,\ndeveloped in the R environment, to extract cross\nsections from long bone meshes at speci􀜪ed\nintervals along the diaphysis and to calculate\ntwo and three dimensional morphometric maps,\ncross-sectional geometric parameters, and\nsemilandmarks on the periosteal and endosteal\ncontours of each cross section. We demonstrate\nthe validity of this computational tool by showing\nthat it obtains the same results as those from\nmanual and other computational approaches.\nWe then demonstrate the functionality of\nmorphomap in a comparison of human and\nchimpanzee femora. The tool produces 61 cross\nsections along each diaphysis, at increments of\n1% between 20% and 80% of their biomechanical\nlength, automatically draws morphometric maps\nand calculates the parameters described above.\nThe results illustrate the potential of morphomap\nin identifying differences in diaphyses that can be\nrelated to differences in locomotion and lifestyle in\nliving and fossil primates.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63055117,"asset_id":42823500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2360,"name":"Geometric Morphometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometric_Morphometrics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":4438,"name":"Functional Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Morphology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":435540,"name":"Primate Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Locomotion?f_ri=71579"},{"id":450525,"name":"Hominin Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Locomotion?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39844987" data-work_id="39844987" itemscope="itemscope" 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type="text/json">{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11199" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology">Neolithic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11199" type="text/json">{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_">Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12523" type="text/json">{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":15018,"name":"Tuberculosis and Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis_and_Infectious_Disease?f_ri=71579"},{"id":21432,"name":"Late Bronze Age archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_archaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=71579"},{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=71579"},{"id":41906,"name":"Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic?f_ri=71579"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=71579"},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":85907,"name":"Humerus Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humerus_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26402073" data-work_id="26402073" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26402073/The_Locomotion_of_Babakotia_radofilai_Inferred_From_Epiphyseal_and_Diaphyseal_Morphology_of_the_Humerus_and_Femur">The Locomotion of Babakotia radofilai Inferred From Epiphyseal and Diaphyseal Morphology of the Humerus and Femur</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Palaeopropithecids, or " sloth lemurs, " are a diverse clade of large-bodied Malagasy subfossil primates characterized by their inferred suspensory positional behavior. The most recently discovered genus of the palaeopropithecids is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26402073" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Palaeopropithecids, or " sloth lemurs, " are a diverse clade of large-bodied Malagasy subfossil primates characterized by their inferred suspensory positional behavior. The most recently discovered genus of the palaeopropithecids is Babakotia, and it has been described as more arboreal than Mesopropithecus, but less than Palaeopropithecus. In this article, the within-bone and between-bones articular and cross-sectional diaphyseal proportions of the humerus and femur of Babakotia were compared to extant lemurs, Mesopropi-thecus and Palaeopropithecus in order to further understand its arboreal adaptations. Additionally, a sample of apes and sloths (Choloepus and Bradypus) are included as functional outgroups composed of suspensory adapted primates and non-primates. Results show that Babakotia and Mesopropithecus both have high humeral/femoral shaft strength proportions, similar to extant great apes and sloths and indicative of forelimb suspensory behavior, with Babakotia more extreme in this regard. All three subfossil taxa have relatively large femoral heads, also associated with suspension in modern taxa. However, Babakotia and Mesopropithecus (but not Palaeopropithe-cus) have relatively small femoral head surface area to shaft strength proportions suggesting that hind-limb positioning in these taxa during climbing and other behaviors was different than in extant great apes, involving less mobility. Knee and humeral articular dimensions relative to shaft strengths are small in Babakotia and Mesopropithecus, similar to those found in modern sloths and divergent from those in extant great apes and lemurs, suggesting more sloth-like use of these joints during locomotion. Mesopropithecus and Babakotia are more similar to Choloepus in humerofemoral head and length proportions while Palaeopropithecus is more similar to Bradypus. These results provide further evidence of the suspensory adaptations of Babakotia and further highlight similarities to both extant suspensory primates and non-primate slow arboreal climbers and hangers. J. Mor-phol. 000:000–</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26402073" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b191d12f89681a6ee3c4b30af9aceb12" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46702007,"asset_id":26402073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46702007/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26402073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26402073"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26402073, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26402073", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26402073]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26402073").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26402073").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26402073"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9658" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion">Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9658" type="text/json">{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="435540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Locomotion">Primate Locomotion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="435540" type="text/json">{"id":435540,"name":"Primate Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26402073]'), work: {"id":26402073,"title":"The Locomotion of Babakotia radofilai Inferred From Epiphyseal and Diaphyseal Morphology of the Humerus and Femur","created_at":"2016-06-22T03:20:15.041-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26402073/The_Locomotion_of_Babakotia_radofilai_Inferred_From_Epiphyseal_and_Diaphyseal_Morphology_of_the_Humerus_and_Femur?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_26402073","summary":"Palaeopropithecids, or \" sloth lemurs, \" are a diverse clade of large-bodied Malagasy subfossil primates characterized by their inferred suspensory positional behavior. The most recently discovered genus of the palaeopropithecids is Babakotia, and it has been described as more arboreal than Mesopropithecus, but less than Palaeopropithecus. In this article, the within-bone and between-bones articular and cross-sectional diaphyseal proportions of the humerus and femur of Babakotia were compared to extant lemurs, Mesopropi-thecus and Palaeopropithecus in order to further understand its arboreal adaptations. Additionally, a sample of apes and sloths (Choloepus and Bradypus) are included as functional outgroups composed of suspensory adapted primates and non-primates. Results show that Babakotia and Mesopropithecus both have high humeral/femoral shaft strength proportions, similar to extant great apes and sloths and indicative of forelimb suspensory behavior, with Babakotia more extreme in this regard. All three subfossil taxa have relatively large femoral heads, also associated with suspension in modern taxa. However, Babakotia and Mesopropithecus (but not Palaeopropithe-cus) have relatively small femoral head surface area to shaft strength proportions suggesting that hind-limb positioning in these taxa during climbing and other behaviors was different than in extant great apes, involving less mobility. Knee and humeral articular dimensions relative to shaft strengths are small in Babakotia and Mesopropithecus, similar to those found in modern sloths and divergent from those in extant great apes and lemurs, suggesting more sloth-like use of these joints during locomotion. Mesopropithecus and Babakotia are more similar to Choloepus in humerofemoral head and length proportions while Palaeopropithecus is more similar to Bradypus. These results provide further evidence of the suspensory adaptations of Babakotia and further highlight similarities to both extant suspensory primates and non-primate slow arboreal climbers and hangers. J. Mor-phol. 000:000–","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46702007,"asset_id":26402073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":435540,"name":"Primate Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17713441" data-work_id="17713441" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17713441/Activity_related_sexual_dimorphism_in_Alaskan_foragers_from_Point_Hope_Evidences_from_the_upper_limb">Activity-related sexual dimorphism in Alaskan foragers from Point Hope: Evidences from the upper limb</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ipiutak (100BCE-500CE) and Tigara (1200 - 1700CE) are two populations from Point Hope, Alaska. As commonly observed in forager communities, it may be expected males and females to have been involved in markedly different daily activities.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17713441" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ipiutak (100BCE-500CE) and Tigara (1200 - 1700CE) are two populations from Point Hope, Alaska. As commonly observed in forager communities, it may be expected males and females to have been involved in markedly different daily activities. Nevertheless, activity-related sexual dimorphism in these populations has been scarcely studied. Using humeral diaphyseal cross-sectional properties and forearm rotational efficiency, which are activity-dependent characteristics, we aim to assess differences between sexes and discuss what activities could have triggered them. Our results suggest that in Ipiutak males and females did not differ meaningfully in their cross-sectional properties. Conversely, in Tigara males had a greater rigidity of the entire humeral diaphysis than females, which suggests the existence of greater relative activity levels and more physically demanding tasks, possibly related to hunting activities. Concerning the differences between sexes in the forearm rotational effic...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17713441" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2031693" href="https://uab.academia.edu/XavierJordana">Xavier Jordana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2031693" type="text/json">{"id":2031693,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Jordana","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"XavierJordana","display_name":"Xavier Jordana","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/XavierJordana?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2031693/670407/1791755/s65_xavier.jordana.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17713441 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17713441"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17713441, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17713441", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17713441]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17713441").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17713441").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17713441"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology">Physical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13723" type="text/json">{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32948" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_">Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32948" type="text/json">{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17713441]'), work: {"id":17713441,"title":"Activity-related sexual dimorphism in Alaskan foragers from Point Hope: Evidences from the upper limb","created_at":"2015-11-04T00:59:11.672-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17713441/Activity_related_sexual_dimorphism_in_Alaskan_foragers_from_Point_Hope_Evidences_from_the_upper_limb?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_17713441","summary":"Ipiutak (100BCE-500CE) and Tigara (1200 - 1700CE) are two populations from Point Hope, Alaska. As commonly observed in forager communities, it may be expected males and females to have been involved in markedly different daily activities. Nevertheless, activity-related sexual dimorphism in these populations has been scarcely studied. Using humeral diaphyseal cross-sectional properties and forearm rotational efficiency, which are activity-dependent characteristics, we aim to assess differences between sexes and discuss what activities could have triggered them. Our results suggest that in Ipiutak males and females did not differ meaningfully in their cross-sectional properties. Conversely, in Tigara males had a greater rigidity of the entire humeral diaphysis than females, which suggests the existence of greater relative activity levels and more physically demanding tasks, possibly related to hunting activities. Concerning the differences between sexes in the forearm rotational effic...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2031693,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Jordana","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"XavierJordana","display_name":"Xavier Jordana","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/XavierJordana?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2031693/670407/1791755/s65_xavier.jordana.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":360548,"name":"Humerus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humerus?f_ri=71579"},{"id":502651,"name":"Long Bone Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bone_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":698773,"name":"Upper Limbs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Limbs?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1288612,"name":"Hunter Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter_Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6166692" data-work_id="6166692" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6166692/Locomotor_characteristics_of_the_sub_fossil_lemur_Babakotia">Locomotor characteristics of the sub-fossil lemur Babakotia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166692" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f418b2a9d0e697d83ecaba3579fca0b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33054004,"asset_id":6166692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33054004/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6166692 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6166692"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6166692, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6166692", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6166692 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6166692; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6166692"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6166692 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6166692"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6166692; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6166692]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6166692").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6166692").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6166692"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1299102" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion">Arboreal Locomotion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1299102" type="text/json">{"id":1299102,"name":"Arboreal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6166692]'), work: {"id":6166692,"title":"Locomotor characteristics of the sub-fossil lemur Babakotia","created_at":"2014-02-21T22:52:59.863-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6166692/Locomotor_characteristics_of_the_sub_fossil_lemur_Babakotia?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_6166692","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33054004,"asset_id":6166692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1299102,"name":"Arboreal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6166581" data-work_id="6166581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6166581/Relative_robusticity_of_the_Homo_floresiensis_tibia_and_fibula">Relative robusticity of the Homo floresiensis tibia and fibula.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166581" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6166581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6166581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6166581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6166581", }); });</script></li><li 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description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6166581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6166581").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6166581").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6166581"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9658" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion">Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9658" type="text/json">{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry">Cross-Sectional Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71579" type="text/json">{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219868" type="text/json">{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6166581]'), work: {"id":6166581,"title":"Relative robusticity of the Homo floresiensis tibia and fibula.","created_at":"2014-02-21T22:40:02.247-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6166581/Relative_robusticity_of_the_Homo_floresiensis_tibia_and_fibula?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_6166581","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33053951,"asset_id":6166581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":219868,"name":"Tibia Fibula 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Excavations conducted since the end of the nineteenth century have unearthed several skeletons at the Grimaldi and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81390719" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Western Liguria, a coastal region located in Northwestern Italy, has provided a wealth of palaeoanthropological material. Excavations conducted since the end of the nineteenth century have unearthed several skeletons at the Grimaldi and Arene Candide caves, which date to the Early Upper Palaeolithic and Late Upper Palaeolithic. In addition, many Neolithic burials have been unearthed at Arene Candide and other nearby caves in the Finale Ligure area. This material has provided the rare opportunity to study regional diachronic ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81390719" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81390719 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81390719"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81390719, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81390719", }); 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meta((lr.wli, del/a tibia e del/a fib ula lIegli ominoide; e di individllare i Ie• gam; di questa CO li i divers; stili locomotor; delle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63627195" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">di qllc.HO s/lidio i! qllello eli caralferiu.are la geomerria delfe seziolli dei !IIeracarpali, de; meta((lr.wli, del/a tibia e del/a fib ula lIegli ominoide; e di individllare i Ie• gam; di questa CO li i divers; stili locomotor; delle specie (lllalizzate. I risl/lulI; OI/CIllIf; h(l11-110 mes.w ill cvidenw che tali ossa 50110 de; bllolli illtlic(lfOri de; divers; ripi locomolor; oll'illlemo della slipeliamiglia degJi omilloidei. I risli/rati at/ellllt; porra llllO eHere eli aillfa (l coloro che vo/essero illC/ividll(lre illi{XJ locomotorio ;/1 repert; fossil; di diJficile collo-ClIziolle /assollomica.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63627195" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05f56aa2b4f90eb857653fbbb1c3e3b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75993763,"asset_id":63627195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75993763/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63627195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63627195"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63627195, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63627195", }); 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meta((lr.wli, del/a tibia e del/a fib ula lIegli ominoide; e di individllare i Ie• gam; di questa CO li i divers; stili locomotor; delle specie (lllalizzate. I risl/lulI; OI/CIllIf; h(l11-110 mes.w ill cvidenw che tali ossa 50110 de; bllolli illtlic(lfOri de; divers; ripi locomolor; oll'illlemo della slipeliamiglia degJi omilloidei. I risli/rati at/ellllt; porra llllO eHere eli aillfa (l coloro che vo/essero illC/ividll(lre illi{XJ locomotorio ;/1 repert; fossil; di diJficile collo-ClIziolle /assollomica.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75993763,"asset_id":63627195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":85893,"name":"Fibula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":85903,"name":"Tibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":85910,"name":"Metacarpal Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metacarpal_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":85911,"name":"Metatarsal Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metatarsal_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":168996,"name":"Biomeccanica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomeccanica?f_ri=71579"},{"id":366875,"name":"Fibulae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibulae?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1298116,"name":"Hominoid Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominoid_Locomotion?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63627146" data-work_id="63627146" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63627146/Diaphyseal_and_joint_properties_of_metacarpals_and_metatarsals_of_Hominoidea_and_their_relationships_with_locomotor_behavior">Diaphyseal and joint properties of metacarpals and metatarsals of Hominoidea and their relationships with locomotor behavior</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Varecia variegata were selected to span a wide range of apparent agilities, locomotor preferences, and body masses available at the Duke Lemur Center. Each animal's head and back were fitted with reflective markers, and diverse locomotor... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63627146" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Varecia variegata were selected to span a wide range of apparent agilities, locomotor preferences, and body masses available at the Duke Lemur Center. Each animal's head and back were fitted with reflective markers, and diverse locomotor behaviors were elicited. Analyses were performed using EvaRT5.0 and Visual3D software packages. Employing these methods, this study provides the first measurement of 3D linear and rotational head accelerations during naturalistic primate locomotion. Digital tracking of the markers revealed complex patterns of head accelerations associated with movement on both raised supports and the ground. Results stemming from this technique will speak to the debated underpinnings of allometric scaling of the semicircular canal and the attendant validity of reconstructing locomotion in extinct primates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63627146" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab2eaf8f6a6632d7636ca720d7ccb517" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75993746,"asset_id":63627146,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75993746/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125165" type="text/json">{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63627146 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63627146"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63627146, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63627146", }); 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Each animal's head and back were fitted with reflective markers, and diverse locomotor behaviors were elicited. Analyses were performed using EvaRT5.0 and Visual3D software packages. Employing these methods, this study provides the first measurement of 3D linear and rotational head accelerations during naturalistic primate locomotion. Digital tracking of the markers revealed complex patterns of head accelerations associated with movement on both raised supports and the ground. Results stemming from this technique will speak to the debated underpinnings of allometric scaling of the semicircular canal and the attendant validity of reconstructing locomotion in extinct primates.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75993746,"asset_id":63627146,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125165,"first_name":"Damiano","last_name":"Marchi","domain_name":"unipi","page_name":"DamianoMarchi","display_name":"Damiano Marchi","profile_url":"https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":1299102,"name":"Arboreal Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreal_Locomotion?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48803628" data-work_id="48803628" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48803628/Activity_related_sexual_dimorphism_in_Alaskan_foragers_from_Point_Hope_Evidences_from_the_upper_limb">Activity-related sexual dimorphism in Alaskan foragers from Point Hope: Evidences from the upper limb</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ipiutak (100BCE-500CE) and Tigara (1200 - 1700CE) are two populations from Point Hope, Alaska. As commonly observed in forager communities, it may be expected males and females to have been involved in markedly different daily activities.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48803628" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ipiutak (100BCE-500CE) and Tigara (1200 - 1700CE) are two populations from Point Hope, Alaska. As commonly observed in forager communities, it may be expected males and females to have been involved in markedly different daily activities. Nevertheless, activity-related sexual dimorphism in these populations has been scarcely studied. Using humeral diaphyseal cross-sectional properties and forearm rotational efficiency, which are activity-dependent characteristics, we aim to assess differences between sexes and discuss what activities could have triggered them. Our results suggest that in Ipiutak males and females did not differ meaningfully in their cross-sectional properties. Conversely, in Tigara males had a greater rigidity of the entire humeral diaphysis than females, which suggests the existence of greater relative activity levels and more physically demanding tasks, possibly related to hunting activities. Concerning the differences between sexes in the forearm rotational effic...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48803628" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64279762" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AssumpcioMalgosa">Assumpcio Malgosa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64279762" type="text/json">{"id":64279762,"first_name":"Assumpcio","last_name":"Malgosa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AssumpcioMalgosa","display_name":"Assumpcio Malgosa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AssumpcioMalgosa?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64279762/29705382/27610483/s65_assumpcio.malgosa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48803628 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48803628"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48803628, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48803628", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48803628]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48803628").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48803628").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48803628"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology">Physical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13723" type="text/json">{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32948" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_">Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32948" type="text/json">{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48803628]'), work: {"id":48803628,"title":"Activity-related sexual dimorphism in Alaskan foragers from Point Hope: Evidences from the upper limb","created_at":"2021-05-06T08:44:25.459-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48803628/Activity_related_sexual_dimorphism_in_Alaskan_foragers_from_Point_Hope_Evidences_from_the_upper_limb?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_48803628","summary":"Ipiutak (100BCE-500CE) and Tigara (1200 - 1700CE) are two populations from Point Hope, Alaska. As commonly observed in forager communities, it may be expected males and females to have been involved in markedly different daily activities. Nevertheless, activity-related sexual dimorphism in these populations has been scarcely studied. Using humeral diaphyseal cross-sectional properties and forearm rotational efficiency, which are activity-dependent characteristics, we aim to assess differences between sexes and discuss what activities could have triggered them. Our results suggest that in Ipiutak males and females did not differ meaningfully in their cross-sectional properties. Conversely, in Tigara males had a greater rigidity of the entire humeral diaphysis than females, which suggests the existence of greater relative activity levels and more physically demanding tasks, possibly related to hunting activities. Concerning the differences between sexes in the forearm rotational effic...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64279762,"first_name":"Assumpcio","last_name":"Malgosa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AssumpcioMalgosa","display_name":"Assumpcio Malgosa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AssumpcioMalgosa?f_ri=71579","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64279762/29705382/27610483/s65_assumpcio.malgosa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false},{"id":71579,"name":"Cross-Sectional Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Sectional_Geometry?f_ri=71579"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=71579"},{"id":360548,"name":"Humerus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humerus?f_ri=71579"},{"id":502651,"name":"Long Bone Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bone_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":698773,"name":"Upper Limbs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Limbs?f_ri=71579"},{"id":780852,"name":"Upper Extremity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Extremity?f_ri=71579"},{"id":865641,"name":"North American Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Indians?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1288612,"name":"Hunter Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter_Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=71579"},{"id":2012226,"name":"Alaska","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alaska?f_ri=71579"},{"id":2677637,"name":"Sex Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Characteristics?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32312905" data-work_id="32312905" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32312905/Biomechanical_approach_to_the_reconstruction_of_activity_patterns_in_Neolithic_Western_Liguria_Italy">Biomechanical approach to the reconstruction of activity patterns in Neolithic Western Liguria, Italy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper investigates the changes in upper and lower limb robusticity and activity patterns that accompanied the transition to a Neolithic subsistence in western Liguria (Italy). Diaphyseal robusticity measures were obtained from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32312905" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper investigates the changes in upper and lower limb robusticity and activity patterns that accompanied the transition to a Neolithic subsistence in western Liguria (Italy). Diaphyseal robusticity measures were obtained from cross-sectional geometric properties of the humerus and femur in a sample of 16 individuals (eight males and eight females) dated to about 6,000-5,500 BP. Comparisons with European Late Upper Paleolithics (LUP) indicate increased humeral robusticity in Neolithic Ligurian (NEOL) males, but not in females, with a significant reduction in right-left differences in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in robusticity increases in upper and lower limb bones. Regarding the femur, while all female indicators of bending strength decrease steadily through time, values for NEOL males approach those of LUP. This suggests high, and unexpected, levels of me-1 Quern stones are a pair of stone tools for hand-grinding a wide variety of materials. The lower (stationary) stone is called a quern, while the upper (mobile) stone is called a handstone.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32312905" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f1860c2f249b995dee6228bdb11056b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52525498,"asset_id":32312905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52525498/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62693791" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FormicolaVincenzo">Vincenzo Formicola</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62693791" type="text/json">{"id":62693791,"first_name":"Vincenzo","last_name":"Formicola","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FormicolaVincenzo","display_name":"Vincenzo Formicola","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FormicolaVincenzo?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32312905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32312905"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32312905, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32312905", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32312905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32312905").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32312905").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32312905"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" type="text/json">{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=71579","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32312905]'), work: {"id":32312905,"title":"Biomechanical approach to the reconstruction of activity patterns in Neolithic Western Liguria, Italy","created_at":"2017-04-07T01:50:01.117-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32312905/Biomechanical_approach_to_the_reconstruction_of_activity_patterns_in_Neolithic_Western_Liguria_Italy?f_ri=71579","dom_id":"work_32312905","summary":"This paper investigates the changes in upper and lower limb robusticity and activity patterns that accompanied the transition to a Neolithic subsistence in western Liguria (Italy). Diaphyseal robusticity measures were obtained from cross-sectional geometric properties of the humerus and femur in a sample of 16 individuals (eight males and eight females) dated to about 6,000-5,500 BP. Comparisons with European Late Upper Paleolithics (LUP) indicate increased humeral robusticity in Neolithic Ligurian (NEOL) males, but not in females, with a significant reduction in right-left differences in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in robusticity increases in upper and lower limb bones. Regarding the femur, while all female indicators of bending strength decrease steadily through time, values for NEOL males approach those of LUP. This suggests high, and unexpected, levels of me-1 Quern stones are a pair of stone tools for hand-grinding a wide variety of materials. The lower (stationary) stone is called a quern, while the upper (mobile) stone is called a handstone.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52525498,"asset_id":32312905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62693791,"first_name":"Vincenzo","last_name":"Formicola","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FormicolaVincenzo","display_name":"Vincenzo Formicola","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FormicolaVincenzo?f_ri=71579","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary 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patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity_patterns?f_ri=71579"},{"id":360548,"name":"Humerus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humerus?f_ri=71579"},{"id":502651,"name":"Long Bone Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Bone_Biomechanics?f_ri=71579"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=71579"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29530613" data-work_id="29530613" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29530613/Greater_Levels_of_Habitual_Activity_Produce_Lower_Risk_for_Dysfunction_Following_Fracture_Evidence_from_Two_Roman_Communities">Greater Levels of Habitual Activity Produce Lower Risk for Dysfunction Following Fracture: Evidence from Two Roman Communities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fracture analyses were integrated with biomechanical data on long bone cross-sectional areas to investigate post-traumatic extremity disuse at the Roman period sites of Ancaster, UK (n=181) and Vagnari, Italy (n=66). Poor functional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29530613" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fracture analyses were integrated with biomechanical data on long bone cross-sectional areas to investigate post-traumatic extremity disuse at the Roman period sites of Ancaster, UK (n=181) and Vagnari, Italy (n=66). Poor functional outcomes can be affected by a fracture’s location, type, and associated complications (e.g., osteoarthritis, malunion), but clinically, are also frequently affected by individual and social attitudes toward injury and recovery. While some of these attributes are measurable in palaeopathology, long-term dysfunction associated with fractures has not previously been addressed on a large scale. <br /><br />Long bone fractures were observed at both Ancaster (n=39/181, 21.5%) and Vagnari (n=12/66, 18.2%). Evidence for limb disuse associated with injury was not observed at Vagnari, but was present in two individuals from Ancaster. Fractures tended to heal with minimal amounts of malunion at both sites. Among the individuals without fractures, evidence for increased mechanical loading was present at Vagnari, particularly in the lower limb, suggestive of greater overall physical activity.<br /><br />Results from this study suggests that habitual activity present in these Roman communities may have played a role in injury recovery. That is, more active individuals (e.g., Vagnari) may have been more likely to regain physical function after injury than people who were not as intensely active (e.g., Ancaster). The tendency for fractures to heal with minimal malunion suggests that individuals were afforded sufficient time for their bones to heal, and the absence of impairment suggests they returned to function quickly.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29530613" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="537a2b10cd7fb047d2619e03e998b238" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49972189,"asset_id":29530613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49972189/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NTU3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1218538" href="https://mtroyal.academia.edu/RebeccaJGilmour">Rebecca J. 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Poor functional outcomes can be affected by a fracture’s location, type, and associated complications (e.g., osteoarthritis, malunion), but clinically, are also frequently affected by individual and social attitudes toward injury and recovery. While some of these attributes are measurable in palaeopathology, long-term dysfunction associated with fractures has not previously been addressed on a large scale. \n\nLong bone fractures were observed at both Ancaster (n=39/181, 21.5%) and Vagnari (n=12/66, 18.2%). Evidence for limb disuse associated with injury was not observed at Vagnari, but was present in two individuals from Ancaster. Fractures tended to heal with minimal amounts of malunion at both sites. Among the individuals without fractures, evidence for increased mechanical loading was present at Vagnari, particularly in the lower limb, suggestive of greater overall physical activity.\n\nResults from this study suggests that habitual activity present in these Roman communities may have played a role in injury recovery. That is, more active individuals (e.g., Vagnari) may have been more likely to regain physical function after injury than people who were not as intensely active (e.g., Ancaster). The tendency for fractures to heal with minimal malunion suggests that individuals were afforded sufficient time for their bones to heal, and the absence of impairment suggests they returned to function quickly. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49972189,"asset_id":29530613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1218538,"first_name":"Rebecca J.","last_name":"Gilmour","domain_name":"mtroyal","page_name":"RebeccaJGilmour","display_name":"Rebecca J. 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