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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Human Evolution</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">70,508 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Human Evolution</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Human_Evolution">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68655983" data-work_id="68655983" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68655983/The_evolution_of_handedness_in_humans_and_great_apes_a_review_and_current_issues">The evolution of handedness in humans and great apes: a review and current issues</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Population-level right-handedness is a defining characteristic of humans. Despite extensive research, we still do not know the conditions or timing of its emergence in human evolution. We present a review of research into the origins of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68655983" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Population-level right-handedness is a defining characteristic of humans. Despite extensive research, we still do not know the conditions or timing of its emergence in human evolution. We present a review of research into the origins of handedness, based on fossil and archaeological data for hand preference and great ape hand-use. The data show that skeletal asymmetries in arm and hand bones supporting a rightsided dominance were present at least in the genus Homo, although data are more robust for Neanderthals. The evidence from tool-use, production, and cave art confirms that right-hand preference was established in Neanderthals and was maintained until the present. The great apes can provide real-life models for testing the conditions that facilitate or enhance hand preference at both the individual and group levels. The database on great ape hand-use indicates that they do exhibit hand preferences, especially in complex tasks. However, their preferences vary between tasks, and w...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68655983" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28463c167482ae5cc49fd3a0dd6fda5f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79062336,"asset_id":68655983,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79062336/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="185943" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/LisaCashmore">Lisa Cashmore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="185943" type="text/json">{"id":185943,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Cashmore","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"LisaCashmore","display_name":"Lisa Cashmore","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/LisaCashmore?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/185943/89690/97662/s65_lisa.cashmore.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68655983 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68655983"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68655983, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68655983", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68655983]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68655983").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68655983").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68655983"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laterality">Laterality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9726" type="text/json">{"id":9726,"name":"Laterality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laterality?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Handedness">Handedness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9727" type="text/json">{"id":9727,"name":"Handedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Handedness?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68655983]'), work: {"id":68655983,"title":"The evolution of handedness in humans and great apes: a review and current issues","created_at":"2022-01-18T23:42:30.531-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68655983/The_evolution_of_handedness_in_humans_and_great_apes_a_review_and_current_issues?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_68655983","summary":"Population-level right-handedness is a defining characteristic of humans. Despite extensive research, we still do not know the conditions or timing of its emergence in human evolution. We present a review of research into the origins of handedness, based on fossil and archaeological data for hand preference and great ape hand-use. The data show that skeletal asymmetries in arm and hand bones supporting a rightsided dominance were present at least in the genus Homo, although data are more robust for Neanderthals. The evidence from tool-use, production, and cave art confirms that right-hand preference was established in Neanderthals and was maintained until the present. The great apes can provide real-life models for testing the conditions that facilitate or enhance hand preference at both the individual and group levels. The database on great ape hand-use indicates that they do exhibit hand preferences, especially in complex tasks. However, their preferences vary between tasks, and w...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79062336,"asset_id":68655983,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":185943,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Cashmore","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"LisaCashmore","display_name":"Lisa Cashmore","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/LisaCashmore?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/185943/89690/97662/s65_lisa.cashmore.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":9726,"name":"Laterality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laterality?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":9727,"name":"Handedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Handedness?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=772"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates?f_ri=772"},{"id":85499,"name":"Anthropological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropological?f_ri=772"},{"id":184685,"name":"Asymmetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asymmetry?f_ri=772"},{"id":2112791,"name":"Anthropological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropological_Sciences?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_534372" data-work_id="534372" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/534372/Nina_L_Etkin_Edible_Medicines_An_Ethnopharmacology_of_Food_The_University_of_Arizona_Press_Tucson_Arizona_2006_301_pp_ISBN_13_978_0_8165_2093_0_and_">Nina L. Etkin: Edible Medicines: An Ethnopharmacology of Food: The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, 2006, 301 pp., ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-2093-0 and …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/534372" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b532666e2de0b20d6ce9d2035cad3b33" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":2651352,"asset_id":534372,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2651352/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="405433" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GinaKellyThornburg">Gina K Thornburg, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="405433" type="text/json">{"id":405433,"first_name":"Gina","last_name":"Thornburg, PhD","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GinaKellyThornburg","display_name":"Gina K Thornburg, PhD","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GinaKellyThornburg?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/405433/99728/3471167/s65_gina_k..thornburg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_534372 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="534372"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 534372, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_534372", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=534372]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_534372").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_534372").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="534372"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=534372]'), work: {"id":534372,"title":"Nina L. Etkin: Edible Medicines: An Ethnopharmacology of Food: The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, 2006, 301 pp., ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-2093-0 and …","created_at":"2011-04-17T15:54:18.904-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/534372/Nina_L_Etkin_Edible_Medicines_An_Ethnopharmacology_of_Food_The_University_of_Arizona_Press_Tucson_Arizona_2006_301_pp_ISBN_13_978_0_8165_2093_0_and_?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_534372","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2651352,"asset_id":534372,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":405433,"first_name":"Gina","last_name":"Thornburg, PhD","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GinaKellyThornburg","display_name":"Gina K Thornburg, PhD","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GinaKellyThornburg?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/405433/99728/3471167/s65_gina_k..thornburg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=772"},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=772"},{"id":38251,"name":"Political Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economics?f_ri=772"},{"id":143416,"name":"Complementary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Medicine?f_ri=772"},{"id":1243493,"name":"Food Choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Choice?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10985347" data-work_id="10985347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10985347/Die_Evolution_von_Religion_in_theologischer_Perspektive">Die Evolution von Religion in theologischer Perspektive</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article is about the question whether or not human religiousness can be interpreted and explained by evolution. First four concepts of evolution are introduced and discussed (general, teleological, functional, Darwinian). It turns... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10985347" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article is about the question whether or not human religiousness can be interpreted and explained by evolution. First four concepts of evolution are introduced and discussed (general, teleological, functional, Darwinian). It turns out that a purely functional understanding of evolution proves to be to narrow. It is argued that only a combination between an essentialist and functionalist understanding of religion is sustainable. From this perspective a taxonomy of religions is developed to classify them. The core of the argument is that religion can be understood as a continuing process of selftranscendence. Thus the aspects of rite, myth, mysticism can be understood as results of this process of selftranscendence. Finally the relation between human religiousness and Christian belief is being discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10985347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbada9adf592707d0813603dbda5bf80" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36725365,"asset_id":10985347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36725365/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12471707" href="https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/WolfgangAchtner">Wolfgang Achtner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12471707" type="text/json">{"id":12471707,"first_name":"Wolfgang","last_name":"Achtner","domain_name":"uni-giessen","page_name":"WolfgangAchtner","display_name":"Wolfgang Achtner","profile_url":"https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/WolfgangAchtner?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12471707/3567318/4186391/s65_wolfgang.achtner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10985347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10985347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10985347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10985347", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10985347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10985347").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10985347").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10985347"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10985347]'), work: {"id":10985347,"title":"Die Evolution von Religion in theologischer Perspektive","created_at":"2015-02-22T00:47:41.201-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10985347/Die_Evolution_von_Religion_in_theologischer_Perspektive?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_10985347","summary":"This article is about the question whether or not human religiousness can be interpreted and explained by evolution. First four concepts of evolution are introduced and discussed (general, teleological, functional, Darwinian). It turns out that a purely functional understanding of evolution proves to be to narrow. It is argued that only a combination between an essentialist and functionalist understanding of religion is sustainable. From this perspective a taxonomy of religions is developed to classify them. The core of the argument is that religion can be understood as a continuing process of selftranscendence. Thus the aspects of rite, myth, mysticism can be understood as results of this process of selftranscendence. Finally the relation between human religiousness and Christian belief is being discussed. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36725365,"asset_id":10985347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12471707,"first_name":"Wolfgang","last_name":"Achtner","domain_name":"uni-giessen","page_name":"WolfgangAchtner","display_name":"Wolfgang Achtner","profile_url":"https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/WolfgangAchtner?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12471707/3567318/4186391/s65_wolfgang.achtner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":7322,"name":"Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mysticism?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2908264" data-work_id="2908264" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2908264/Early_Middle_Pleistocene_environmental_changes_and_human_evolution_in_the_Italian_peninsula">Early–Middle Pleistocene environmental changes and human evolution in the Italian peninsula</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper is aimed to elucidate the ecological scenario in Italy in the Early to Middle Pleistocene, when species of the genus Homo are known to spread across Europe in two distinct waves: earlier than 1.2 Ma and at about 600 ka,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2908264" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper is aimed to elucidate the ecological scenario in Italy in the Early to Middle Pleistocene, when species of the genus Homo are known to spread across Europe in two distinct waves: earlier than 1.2 Ma and at about 600 ka, respectively. This topic represents both (1) a fundamental aspect for a better understanding of the factors that allowed humans to colonize the middle latitudes of Eurasia, and (2) a reasonable frontier for current Quaternary palaeobiology, thanks to increasing knowledge of regional and local patterns. As for Italy, a combination of palaeobotanical and palaeontological data sets shows on the one hand a general complexity in both space and time, and on the other hand changes of considerable importance within and among the biological communities. These changes had a major importance during the worldwide change in the Earth climatic system known as “Middle Pleistocene Revolution”, which according to our data culminates with crucial effects of the extreme conditions of MIS 16. Subsequently, during great part of the Middle Pleistocene, the peculiar features of the Italian territory may have favoured isolation and a local persistence of plant populations and possibly mammal taxa, humans included, as for instance suggested by the corrected chronology of the Ceprano calvarium.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2908264" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="869c0c29ee4359cca052738ac520a2df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37667834,"asset_id":2908264,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37667834/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3421427" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/DonatellaMagri">Donatella Magri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3421427" type="text/json">{"id":3421427,"first_name":"Donatella","last_name":"Magri","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"DonatellaMagri","display_name":"Donatella Magri","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/DonatellaMagri?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3421427/10110370/11280589/s65_donatella.magri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2908264 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2908264"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2908264, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2908264", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2908264]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2908264").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2908264").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2908264"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="400" type="text/json">{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28157" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Change">Environmental Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28157" type="text/json">{"id":28157,"name":"Environmental Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Change?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93755" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology">History and archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="93755" type="text/json">{"id":93755,"name":"History and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2908264]'), work: {"id":2908264,"title":"Early–Middle Pleistocene environmental changes and human evolution in the Italian peninsula","created_at":"2013-03-05T00:41:14.777-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2908264/Early_Middle_Pleistocene_environmental_changes_and_human_evolution_in_the_Italian_peninsula?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_2908264","summary":"This paper is aimed to elucidate the ecological scenario in Italy in the Early to Middle Pleistocene, when species of the genus Homo are known to spread across Europe in two distinct waves: earlier than 1.2 Ma and at about 600 ka, respectively. This topic represents both (1) a fundamental aspect for a better understanding of the factors that allowed humans to colonize the middle latitudes of Eurasia, and (2) a reasonable frontier for current Quaternary palaeobiology, thanks to increasing knowledge of regional and local patterns. As for Italy, a combination of palaeobotanical and palaeontological data sets shows on the one hand a general complexity in both space and time, and on the other hand changes of considerable importance within and among the biological communities. These changes had a major importance during the worldwide change in the Earth climatic system known as “Middle Pleistocene Revolution”, which according to our data culminates with crucial effects of the extreme conditions of MIS 16. Subsequently, during great part of the Middle Pleistocene, the peculiar features of the Italian territory may have favoured isolation and a local persistence of plant populations and possibly mammal taxa, humans included, as for instance suggested by the corrected chronology of the Ceprano calvarium.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37667834,"asset_id":2908264,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3421427,"first_name":"Donatella","last_name":"Magri","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"DonatellaMagri","display_name":"Donatella Magri","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/DonatellaMagri?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3421427/10110370/11280589/s65_donatella.magri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":28157,"name":"Environmental Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Change?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":93755,"name":"History and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":256351,"name":"Plant population ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_population_ecology?f_ri=772"},{"id":373417,"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Science_Reviews?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16360196 coauthored" data-work_id="16360196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16360196/The_threat_simulation_theory_of_the_evolutionary_function_of_dreaming_Evidence_from_dreams_of_traumatized_children">The threat simulation theory of the evolutionary function of dreaming: Evidence from dreams of traumatized children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The threat simulation theory of dreaming (TST) states that dream consciousness is essentially an ancient biological defence mechanism, evolutionarily selected for its capacity to repeatedly simulate threatening events. Threat simulation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16360196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The threat simulation theory of dreaming (TST) states that dream consciousness is essentially an ancient biological defence mechanism, evolutionarily selected for its capacity to repeatedly simulate threatening events. Threat simulation during dreaming rehearses the cognitive mechanisms required for efficient threat perception and threat avoidance, leading to increased probability of reproductive success during human evolution. One hypothesis drawn from TST is that real threatening events encountered by the individual during wakefulness should lead to an increased activation of the system, a threat simulation response, and therefore, to an increased frequency and severity of threatening events in dreams. Consequently, children who live in an environment in which their physical and psychological wellbeing is constantly threatened should have a highly activated dream production and threat simulation system, whereas children living in a safe environment that is relatively free of such threat cues should have a weakly activated system. We tested this hypothesis by analysing the content of dream reports from severely traumatized and less traumatized Kurdish children and ordinary, non-traumatized Finnish children. Our results give support for most of the predictions drawn from TST. The severely traumatized children reported a significantly greater number of dreams and their dreams included a higher number of threatening dream events. The dream threats of traumatized children were also more severe in nature than the threats of less traumatized or non-traumatized children.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16360196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3621fa27d4733e9caff8fa55af3d225e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42512244,"asset_id":16360196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42512244/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1096296" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KatjaValli">Katja Valli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1096296" type="text/json">{"id":1096296,"first_name":"Katja","last_name":"Valli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KatjaValli","display_name":"Katja Valli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KatjaValli?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1096296/381032/462227/s65_katja.valli.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16360196">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16360196"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnttiRevonsuo">Antti Revonsuo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16360196'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16360196').html(); 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Threat simulation during dreaming rehearses the cognitive mechanisms required for efficient threat perception and threat avoidance, leading to increased probability of reproductive success during human evolution. One hypothesis drawn from TST is that real threatening events encountered by the individual during wakefulness should lead to an increased activation of the system, a threat simulation response, and therefore, to an increased frequency and severity of threatening events in dreams. Consequently, children who live in an environment in which their physical and psychological wellbeing is constantly threatened should have a highly activated dream production and threat simulation system, whereas children living in a safe environment that is relatively free of such threat cues should have a weakly activated system. We tested this hypothesis by analysing the content of dream reports from severely traumatized and less traumatized Kurdish children and ordinary, non-traumatized Finnish children. Our results give support for most of the predictions drawn from TST. The severely traumatized children reported a significantly greater number of dreams and their dreams included a higher number of threatening dream events. The dream threats of traumatized children were also more severe in nature than the threats of less traumatized or non-traumatized children.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42512244,"asset_id":16360196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1096296,"first_name":"Katja","last_name":"Valli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KatjaValli","display_name":"Katja Valli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KatjaValli?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1096296/381032/462227/s65_katja.valli.jpg"},{"id":35484451,"first_name":"Antti","last_name":"Revonsuo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnttiRevonsuo","display_name":"Antti Revonsuo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnttiRevonsuo?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":6426,"name":"Content Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Content_Analysis?f_ri=772"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":11589,"name":"Iraq","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq?f_ri=772"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=772"},{"id":25422,"name":"Dreams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams?f_ri=772"},{"id":41325,"name":"Psychological Well Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Well_Being?f_ri=772"},{"id":46676,"name":"Finland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finland?f_ri=772"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=772"},{"id":82732,"name":"Aggression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aggression?f_ri=772"},{"id":91079,"name":"Child Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Abuse?f_ri=772"},{"id":151945,"name":"Reproductive Success","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Success?f_ri=772"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":219123,"name":"Ethnic Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Groups?f_ri=772"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=772"},{"id":598602,"name":"Psychological Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Theory?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3365160" data-work_id="3365160" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3365160/Hominin_Environments_in_the_East_African_Pliocene_An_Assessment_of_the_Faunal_Evidence_Vertebrate_Paleobiology_and_Paleoanthropology_Series">Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3365160" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adfde86eb91189a3c9f10ff78a16bdc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31170790,"asset_id":3365160,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31170790/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3901723" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/Ren%C3%A9Bobe">René Bobe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3901723" type="text/json">{"id":3901723,"first_name":"René","last_name":"Bobe","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"RenéBobe","display_name":"René Bobe","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/Ren%C3%A9Bobe?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3901723/1447404/1771446/s65_ren_.bobe.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3365160 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3365160"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3365160, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3365160", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3365160]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3365160").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3365160").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3365160"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3365160]'), work: {"id":3365160,"title":"Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series","created_at":"2013-04-23T01:11:32.664-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3365160/Hominin_Environments_in_the_East_African_Pliocene_An_Assessment_of_the_Faunal_Evidence_Vertebrate_Paleobiology_and_Paleoanthropology_Series?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_3365160","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31170790,"asset_id":3365160,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3901723,"first_name":"René","last_name":"Bobe","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"RenéBobe","display_name":"René Bobe","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/Ren%C3%A9Bobe?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3901723/1447404/1771446/s65_ren_.bobe.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32965300" data-work_id="32965300" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32965300/Literary_Prehistory_The_Origins_and_Psychology_of_Storytelling">Literary Prehistory: The Origins and Psychology of Storytelling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What we know today as literature began as oral tales told in small hunter-gatherer bands. Several lines of evidence indicate that storytelling has long been an integral part of human experience. Our species, Homo sapiens, emerged around... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32965300" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What we know today as literature began as oral tales told in small hunter-gatherer bands. Several lines of evidence indicate that storytelling has long been an integral part of human experience. Our species, Homo sapiens, emerged around 200,000 years ago, at which point language was firmly in place. The recent finding that 85% of nighttime conversation among San foragers is dedicated to the recounting of stories and myths attests to the prominence of this activity in modern and—by implication--ancestral hunter-gatherer life. Unfortunately, behavior doesn’t fossilize, so we don’t have access to the stories told by our ancestors. However, thanks to texts collected by early anthropologists and extant oral traditions kept alive by dedicated tribal elders, we have a good sense of what storytelling was like in recent foraging groups. Due to contact with industrialized state societies and access to Western goods, recent forager life differs somewhat from that of our ancestors; however, their story traditions date to a time when they lived in small, nomadic or semi-nomadic bands and made their living by hunting and gathering. Thus, these traditions are the product of an existence that was very similar to that of early humans—a life without agriculture, social stratification, economic specialization, motorized transport, telecommunication, or modern medicine. For this reason, research on modern foraging peoples is seen as a valuable tool for reconstructing the hominid past. Similarly, the oral traditions of ethnographically documented foragers provide a model of storytelling in ancient environments....</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32965300" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="783d99cde5e6a2249b517211bfc85308" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53090253,"asset_id":32965300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53090253/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10377771" href="https://uoregon.academia.edu/MichelleScaliseSugiyama">Michelle Scalise Sugiyama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10377771" type="text/json">{"id":10377771,"first_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Scalise Sugiyama","domain_name":"uoregon","page_name":"MichelleScaliseSugiyama","display_name":"Michelle Scalise Sugiyama","profile_url":"https://uoregon.academia.edu/MichelleScaliseSugiyama?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10377771/3162316/3722610/s65_michelle.scalise_sugiyama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32965300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32965300"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32965300, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32965300", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32965300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32965300").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32965300").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32965300"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature">Comparative Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="659" type="text/json">{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2852" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative">Narrative</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2852" type="text/json">{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32965300]'), work: {"id":32965300,"title":"Literary Prehistory: The Origins and Psychology of Storytelling","created_at":"2017-05-11T11:33:14.749-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32965300/Literary_Prehistory_The_Origins_and_Psychology_of_Storytelling?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_32965300","summary":"What we know today as literature began as oral tales told in small hunter-gatherer bands. Several lines of evidence indicate that storytelling has long been an integral part of human experience. Our species, Homo sapiens, emerged around 200,000 years ago, at which point language was firmly in place. The recent finding that 85% of nighttime conversation among San foragers is dedicated to the recounting of stories and myths attests to the prominence of this activity in modern and—by implication--ancestral hunter-gatherer life. Unfortunately, behavior doesn’t fossilize, so we don’t have access to the stories told by our ancestors. However, thanks to texts collected by early anthropologists and extant oral traditions kept alive by dedicated tribal elders, we have a good sense of what storytelling was like in recent foraging groups. Due to contact with industrialized state societies and access to Western goods, recent forager life differs somewhat from that of our ancestors; however, their story traditions date to a time when they lived in small, nomadic or semi-nomadic bands and made their living by hunting and gathering. Thus, these traditions are the product of an existence that was very similar to that of early humans—a life without agriculture, social stratification, economic specialization, motorized transport, telecommunication, or modern medicine. For this reason, research on modern foraging peoples is seen as a valuable tool for reconstructing the hominid past. Similarly, the oral traditions of ethnographically documented foragers provide a model of storytelling in ancient environments.... ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53090253,"asset_id":32965300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10377771,"first_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Scalise Sugiyama","domain_name":"uoregon","page_name":"MichelleScaliseSugiyama","display_name":"Michelle Scalise Sugiyama","profile_url":"https://uoregon.academia.edu/MichelleScaliseSugiyama?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10377771/3162316/3722610/s65_michelle.scalise_sugiyama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":7540,"name":"Oral Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions?f_ri=772"},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=772"},{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11681808 coauthored" data-work_id="11681808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11681808/Spatial_and_temporal_variation_of_body_size_among_early_Homo">Spatial and temporal variation of body size among early Homo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The estimation of body size among the earliest members of the genus Homo (2.4e1.5 Myr [millions of years ago]) is central to interpretations of their biology. It is widely accepted that Homo ergaster possessed increased body size compared... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11681808" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The estimation of body size among the earliest members of the genus Homo (2.4e1.5 Myr [millions of years ago]) is central to interpretations of their biology. It is widely accepted that Homo ergaster possessed increased body size compared with Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis, and that this may have been a factor involved with the dispersal of Homo out of Africa. The study of taxonomic differences in body size, however, is problematic. Postcranial remains are rarely associated with craniodental fossils, and taxonomic attributions frequently rest upon the size of skeletal elements. Previous body size estimates have been based upon well-preserved specimens with a more reliable species assessment. Since these samples are small (n < 5) and disparate in space and time, little is known about geographical and chronological variation in body size within early Homo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11681808" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fc225525f711be15c99bc5707069dd6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37130478,"asset_id":11681808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37130478/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="406294" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/ManuelWill">Manuel Will</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="406294" type="text/json">{"id":406294,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Will","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"ManuelWill","display_name":"Manuel Will","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/ManuelWill?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/406294/930646/82363524/s65_manuel.will.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-11681808">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-11681808"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uwontario.academia.edu/JayStock">Jay Stock</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-11681808'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-11681808').html(); 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It is widely accepted that Homo ergaster possessed increased body size compared with Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis, and that this may have been a factor involved with the dispersal of Homo out of Africa. The study of taxonomic differences in body size, however, is problematic. Postcranial remains are rarely associated with craniodental fossils, and taxonomic attributions frequently rest upon the size of skeletal elements. Previous body size estimates have been based upon well-preserved specimens with a more reliable species assessment. Since these samples are small (n \u003c 5) and disparate in space and time, little is known about geographical and chronological variation in body size within early Homo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37130478,"asset_id":11681808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":406294,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Will","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"ManuelWill","display_name":"Manuel Will","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/ManuelWill?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/406294/930646/82363524/s65_manuel.will.png"},{"id":125213,"first_name":"Jay","last_name":"Stock","domain_name":"uwontario","page_name":"JayStock","display_name":"Jay Stock","profile_url":"https://uwontario.academia.edu/JayStock?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125213/33453/158516854/s65_jay.stock.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":3657,"name":"Anthropology of the Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_the_Body?f_ri=772"},{"id":10111,"name":"Hominin Growth and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Growth_and_Development?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=772"},{"id":30254,"name":"Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene?f_ri=772"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=772"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":90326,"name":"Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossils?f_ri=772"},{"id":109317,"name":"out of Africa human dispersals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/out_of_Africa_human_dispersals?f_ri=772"},{"id":135875,"name":"Homo Erectus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Erectus?f_ri=772"},{"id":164264,"name":"Body Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Size?f_ri=772"},{"id":311977,"name":"Homo Habilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Habilis?f_ri=772"},{"id":478503,"name":"early Homo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/early_Homo?f_ri=772"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43207170" data-work_id="43207170" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43207170/Patriarchal_Life_Spans_and_Other_Biblical_Evidences_for_a_Literal_Adam_and_a_Pre_Adamic_Race">Patriarchal Life Spans and Other Biblical Evidences for a Literal Adam and a Pre-Adamic Race</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since Charles Darwin made the theory of evolution popular, the church has been faced with the problem of either denying the validity of evolution or finding a way to interpret the Bible that will harmonize with both an old-earth scenario... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43207170" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since Charles Darwin made the theory of evolution popular, the church has been faced with the problem of either denying the validity of evolution or finding a way to interpret the Bible that will harmonize with both an old-earth scenario and with the belief that humans evolved from lower forms of life. This article will not deny either of these scientific conclusions. Its purpose will be to discuss some of the proposed interpretations of the Bible's teachings that have been presented for the purpose of harmonizing the Bible and science, showing that some of these have serious problems. But first I will present an alterative view that has both mathematical and exegetical support to undergird it. Two benefits that are inherent in this view are its simplicity and its employment of the historical-grammatical hermeneutic. Also it does not contradict any New Testament teaching, which should be a requirement for any methodology employed to discover the Bible's teaching on human origins. I appreciate all those who have taken in hand to harmonize an inspired view of Scripture with the present views of the science community.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43207170" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ec05d7d3fea828562230edb2d0c8c26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63475971,"asset_id":43207170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63475971/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49097477" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GaryMayer">Gary T Mayer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49097477" type="text/json">{"id":49097477,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Mayer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GaryMayer","display_name":"Gary T Mayer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GaryMayer?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49097477/31449271/29275274/s65_gary.mayer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43207170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43207170"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43207170, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43207170", }); 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This article will not deny either of these scientific conclusions. Its purpose will be to discuss some of the proposed interpretations of the Bible's teachings that have been presented for the purpose of harmonizing the Bible and science, showing that some of these have serious problems. But first I will present an alterative view that has both mathematical and exegetical support to undergird it. Two benefits that are inherent in this view are its simplicity and its employment of the historical-grammatical hermeneutic. Also it does not contradict any New Testament teaching, which should be a requirement for any methodology employed to discover the Bible's teaching on human origins. I appreciate all those who have taken in hand to harmonize an inspired view of Scripture with the present views of the science community.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63475971,"asset_id":43207170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49097477,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Mayer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GaryMayer","display_name":"Gary T Mayer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GaryMayer?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49097477/31449271/29275274/s65_gary.mayer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":10946,"name":"Biblical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Theology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":24602,"name":"Biblical Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Interpretation?f_ri=772"},{"id":32992,"name":"Biblical Hebrew (Languages And Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Hebrew_Languages_And_Linguistics_?f_ri=772"},{"id":35927,"name":"Human origins (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_origins_Anthropology_?f_ri=772"},{"id":40785,"name":"Biblical Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Exegesis?f_ri=772"},{"id":53723,"name":"Biblical Greek","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Greek?f_ri=772"},{"id":172953,"name":"Biblical Hermeneutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Hermeneutics?f_ri=772"},{"id":286748,"name":"Scientific Creationism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Creationism?f_ri=772"},{"id":333325,"name":"Life-Span Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life-Span_Development?f_ri=772"},{"id":341810,"name":"Neo-Darwinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Darwinism?f_ri=772"},{"id":484773,"name":"Adam and Eve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adam_and_Eve-1?f_ri=772"},{"id":958438,"name":"Descent of Man","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Descent_of_Man?f_ri=772"},{"id":1422204,"name":"Creation Vs Evolutionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creation_Vs_Evolutionism?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30156699" data-work_id="30156699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/30156699/Velmans_M_2009_Understanding_Consciousness_Second_Edition_Extract">Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness Second Edition Extract</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Understanding Consciousness, second edition provides a unique survey and evaluation of consciousness studies, along with an original analysis of consciousness that combines scientific findings, philosophy and common sense. Building on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30156699" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Understanding Consciousness, second edition provides a unique survey and evaluation of consciousness studies, along with an original analysis of consciousness that combines scientific findings, philosophy and common sense.<br /><br />Building on the widely praised first edition of the book, this new edition adds fresh research, and deepens the original analysis in a way that reflects some of the fundamental changes in the understanding of consciousness that have taken place over the last ten years.<br /><br />The book is divided into three parts; Part I surveys current theories of consciousness, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. Part II reconstructs an understanding of consciousness from first principles, starting with its phenomenology, and leading to a closer examination of how conscious experience relates to the world described by physics and information processing in the brain. Finally, Part III deals with fundamental issues such as what consciousness is and does, and how it fits into the evolving universe. As the structure of the book moves from a basic overview of the field to a successively deeper analysis, it can be used both for those new to the subject and for more established researchers.<br /> <br />Understanding Consciousness tells a story with a beginning, middle and end in a way that integrates the philosophy of consciousness with the science. Overall, the book provides a unique perspective on how to address the problems of consciousness and as such will be of great interest to psychologists, philosophers, neuroscientists and other professionals concerned with mind/body relationships, and all who are interested in this subject.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30156699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48599b13a14265c436a2a8ac8048aa81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50613627,"asset_id":30156699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50613627/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="136643" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans">Max Velmans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="136643" type="text/json">{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30156699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30156699"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30156699, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30156699", }); 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(2009) Understanding Consciousness Second Edition Extract","created_at":"2016-11-29T06:46:10.743-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30156699/Velmans_M_2009_Understanding_Consciousness_Second_Edition_Extract?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_30156699","summary":"Understanding Consciousness, second edition provides a unique survey and evaluation of consciousness studies, along with an original analysis of consciousness that combines scientific findings, philosophy and common sense.\n\nBuilding on the widely praised first edition of the book, this new edition adds fresh research, and deepens the original analysis in a way that reflects some of the fundamental changes in the understanding of consciousness that have taken place over the last ten years.\n\nThe book is divided into three parts; Part I surveys current theories of consciousness, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. Part II reconstructs an understanding of consciousness from first principles, starting with its phenomenology, and leading to a closer examination of how conscious experience relates to the world described by physics and information processing in the brain. Finally, Part III deals with fundamental issues such as what consciousness is and does, and how it fits into the evolving universe. As the structure of the book moves from a basic overview of the field to a successively deeper analysis, it can be used both for those new to the subject and for more established researchers.\n \nUnderstanding Consciousness tells a story with a beginning, middle and end in a way that integrates the philosophy of consciousness with the science. Overall, the book provides a unique perspective on how to address the problems of consciousness and as such will be of great interest to psychologists, philosophers, neuroscientists and other professionals concerned with mind/body relationships, and all who are interested in this subject.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50613627,"asset_id":30156699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive 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(2015) The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where? Quaternary Science Reviews. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011","created_at":"2014-09-09T22:46:56.562-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8267869/Hublin_J_J_2015_The_modern_human_colonization_of_western_Eurasia_when_and_where_Quaternary_Science_Reviews_DOI_10_1016_j_quascirev_2014_08_011?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_8267869","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34684983,"asset_id":8267869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":203708,"first_name":"Jean-Jacques","last_name":"Hublin","domain_name":"eva-mpg","page_name":"JeanJacquesHublin","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Hublin","profile_url":"https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203708/352648/1039737/s65_jean-jacques.hublin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":28126,"name":"Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals_Palaeolithic_Archaeology_?f_ri=772"},{"id":56609,"name":"Neandertals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neandertals?f_ri=772"},{"id":91628,"name":"Modern Human Origins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Human_Origins?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22142979" data-work_id="22142979" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22142979/A_POISONED_CHALICE_INVESTIGATING_THE_PRESENCE_OF_POISONS_ON_PALEOLITHIC_ARROWS">A POISONED CHALICE: INVESTIGATING THE PRESENCE OF POISONS ON PALEOLITHIC ARROWS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethnographic documentation tells us that very often hunters poison their weapons with toxic substances.The ease with which poisons can be obtained from plants and animals, and the benefits arising from their application on throwing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22142979" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethnographic documentation tells us that very often<br />hunters poison their weapons with toxic substances.The<br />ease with which poisons can be obtained from plants<br />and animals, and the benefits arising from their application<br />on throwing weapons (a safe distance from the<br />hunter’s prey, killing large size prey relatively quickly)<br />suggests that this practice could be widespread among<br />prehistoric hunters.In particular, the poisonous substances<br />can incapacitate the animal, irrespective of whether<br />the weapon causing a mortal wound: this is crucial for<br />the recovery of meat and furs in good conditions.<br />In this paper we present the development of a method<br />for the detection of toxic substances on European Upper<br />Paleolithic stone and bone points. This research is part<br />of a wider project on the analysis of residues on the prehistoric<br />projectile points in collaboration with the Dept.<br />of Chemical and Forensic Sciences of the Northumbria<br />University, Newcastle.<br />The investigation makes use of mass spectrometric analysis<br />to establish the presence/absence of potentially toxic<br />substances even after thousands of years.<br />The plants of the Ranunculaceae family, particularly<br />monkshood, as well as other common toxic plants such<br />as hemlock or andstrychnos toxiferia (curare) are those<br />on which we have more historical information and form<br />the basis of this work. Using a completely non-invasive method, samples were<br />taken from the ethnographic materials preserved in the<br />Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of Cambridge<br />(UK), and samplings are scheduled at the Pitt<br />Rivers Museum of Oxford (UK) and Museo Etnografico<br />Pigorini of Roma (Italy).<br />The method preview the research of the toxic molecules<br />starting from the present plants and working backwards<br />through the study of the historical and ethnographic<br />weapons.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22142979" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e60b85f965b27290709f31c83836140" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42806153,"asset_id":22142979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42806153/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8242305" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/JCrezzini">Jacopo Crezzini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8242305" type="text/json">{"id":8242305,"first_name":"Jacopo","last_name":"Crezzini","domain_name":"unisi","page_name":"JCrezzini","display_name":"Jacopo Crezzini","profile_url":"https://unisi.academia.edu/JCrezzini?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8242305/11336811/12647103/s65_jacopo.crezzini.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22142979 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22142979"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22142979, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22142979", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22142979]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22142979").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22142979").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22142979"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34817" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory">Prehistory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34817" type="text/json">{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="170531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany_and_Etnobotany">Botany and Etnobotany</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="170531" type="text/json">{"id":170531,"name":"Botany and Etnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany_and_Etnobotany?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22142979]'), work: {"id":22142979,"title":"A POISONED CHALICE: INVESTIGATING THE PRESENCE OF POISONS ON PALEOLITHIC ARROWS","created_at":"2016-02-18T08:13:52.552-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22142979/A_POISONED_CHALICE_INVESTIGATING_THE_PRESENCE_OF_POISONS_ON_PALEOLITHIC_ARROWS?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_22142979","summary":"Ethnographic documentation tells us that very often\nhunters poison their weapons with toxic substances.The\nease with which poisons can be obtained from plants\nand animals, and the benefits arising from their application\non throwing weapons (a safe distance from the\nhunter’s prey, killing large size prey relatively quickly)\nsuggests that this practice could be widespread among\nprehistoric hunters.In particular, the poisonous substances\ncan incapacitate the animal, irrespective of whether\nthe weapon causing a mortal wound: this is crucial for\nthe recovery of meat and furs in good conditions.\nIn this paper we present the development of a method\nfor the detection of toxic substances on European Upper\nPaleolithic stone and bone points. This research is part\nof a wider project on the analysis of residues on the prehistoric\nprojectile points in collaboration with the Dept.\nof Chemical and Forensic Sciences of the Northumbria\nUniversity, Newcastle.\nThe investigation makes use of mass spectrometric analysis\nto establish the presence/absence of potentially toxic\nsubstances even after thousands of years.\nThe plants of the Ranunculaceae family, particularly\nmonkshood, as well as other common toxic plants such\nas hemlock or andstrychnos toxiferia (curare) are those\non which we have more historical information and form\nthe basis of this work. Using a completely non-invasive method, samples were\ntaken from the ethnographic materials preserved in the\nMuseum of Archaeology and Anthropology of Cambridge\n(UK), and samplings are scheduled at the Pitt\nRivers Museum of Oxford (UK) and Museo Etnografico\nPigorini of Roma (Italy).\nThe method preview the research of the toxic molecules\nstarting from the present plants and working backwards\nthrough the study of the historical and ethnographic\nweapons.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42806153,"asset_id":22142979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8242305,"first_name":"Jacopo","last_name":"Crezzini","domain_name":"unisi","page_name":"JCrezzini","display_name":"Jacopo Crezzini","profile_url":"https://unisi.academia.edu/JCrezzini?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8242305/11336811/12647103/s65_jacopo.crezzini.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":170531,"name":"Botany and Etnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany_and_Etnobotany?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6746542 coauthored" data-work_id="6746542" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6746542/Looking_for_the_archaeological_signature_in_Australian_Megafaunal_extinctions">Looking for the archaeological signature in Australian Megafaunal extinctions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The decline and disappearance of a range of giant marsupials, reptiles and birds from the Australian landscape during the last Glacial cycle continues to capture the imagination of both researchers and the general public. The events... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6746542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The decline and disappearance of a range of giant marsupials, reptiles and birds from the Australian landscape during the last Glacial cycle continues to capture the imagination of both researchers and the general public. The events hinted at in the Australian fossil sequences appear to be mirrored on other continents through similar time periods, though the exact cause or sequence of extinctions remains largely unresolved. In recent years debate over megafaunal extinctions in Australia has been dominated by reports that humans were the primary drivers, leading some to assert that it is no longer a question of whether humans drove these extinctions, only how. Following the review of Wroe and Field, new reports have been published that claim support for a human-driven extinction (HDE). On closer scrutiny however, the key sites and samples lack firm contextual data and/or clear provenance. These studies fail to prove a key tenet of the HDE e that all, or even most now-extinct species were present at the time of human colonization of the continent. As compared with the easy assertion 5 years ago that this had been established, there are now more faunal species (c. 69% of total known to have become extinct) that cannot be placed within 50e100 ka of human arrival. There are still only two sites that demonstrate a coexistence of humans with some species of megafauna e Nombe Rockshelter in the PNG highlands and Cuddie Springs in the semi-arid southeast of Australia. If there is so little empirical evidence for coexistence or association of megafauna with humans, then support for an HDE through overhunting and ecosystem disruption is seriously compromised. Furthermore, the popularly cited "extinction window", proposed as c. 51e39 ka when the HDE is argued to occur, is still only a theoretical construct. There is no clear evidence indicating that this period was particularly significant in terms of faunal loss. At present, the great majority of 'Pleistocene' sites remain poorly dated and the understanding of faunal turnover through this epoch is almost non-existent. Small datasets, poorly constructed hypotheses and assertive rhetoric are the prominent features of current discussions on a human role in megafaunal extinctions. Importantly, it is yet to be established whether the extinctions are an archaeological problem. The sparse fossil record known from Australia hampers a clear resolution as to how and when the megafauna disappeared, a situation likely to continue into the near future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6746542" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="12ef3d9914489889bbb739e16466b57a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36482699,"asset_id":6746542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36482699/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11098993" href="https://latrobe.academia.edu/JillianGarvey">Jillian Garvey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11098993" type="text/json">{"id":11098993,"first_name":"Jillian","last_name":"Garvey","domain_name":"latrobe","page_name":"JillianGarvey","display_name":"Jillian Garvey","profile_url":"https://latrobe.academia.edu/JillianGarvey?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11098993/7004319/7897398/s65_jillian.garvey.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-6746542">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-6746542"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sydney.academia.edu/SimonWyattSpratt">Simon Wyatt-Spratt</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-6746542'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-6746542').html(); 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The events hinted at in the Australian fossil sequences appear to be mirrored on other continents through similar time periods, though the exact cause or sequence of extinctions remains largely unresolved. In recent years debate over megafaunal extinctions in Australia has been dominated by reports that humans were the primary drivers, leading some to assert that it is no longer a question of whether humans drove these extinctions, only how. Following the review of Wroe and Field, new reports have been published that claim support for a human-driven extinction (HDE). On closer scrutiny however, the key sites and samples lack firm contextual data and/or clear provenance. These studies fail to prove a key tenet of the HDE e that all, or even most now-extinct species were present at the time of human colonization of the continent. As compared with the easy assertion 5 years ago that this had been established, there are now more faunal species (c. 69% of total known to have become extinct) that cannot be placed within 50e100 ka of human arrival. There are still only two sites that demonstrate a coexistence of humans with some species of megafauna e Nombe Rockshelter in the PNG highlands and Cuddie Springs in the semi-arid southeast of Australia. If there is so little empirical evidence for coexistence or association of megafauna with humans, then support for an HDE through overhunting and ecosystem disruption is seriously compromised. Furthermore, the popularly cited \"extinction window\", proposed as c. 51e39 ka when the HDE is argued to occur, is still only a theoretical construct. There is no clear evidence indicating that this period was particularly significant in terms of faunal loss. At present, the great majority of 'Pleistocene' sites remain poorly dated and the understanding of faunal turnover through this epoch is almost non-existent. Small datasets, poorly constructed hypotheses and assertive rhetoric are the prominent features of current discussions on a human role in megafaunal extinctions. Importantly, it is yet to be established whether the extinctions are an archaeological problem. The sparse fossil record known from Australia hampers a clear resolution as to how and when the megafauna disappeared, a situation likely to continue into the near future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36482699,"asset_id":6746542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11098993,"first_name":"Jillian","last_name":"Garvey","domain_name":"latrobe","page_name":"JillianGarvey","display_name":"Jillian Garvey","profile_url":"https://latrobe.academia.edu/JillianGarvey?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11098993/7004319/7897398/s65_jillian.garvey.jpg"},{"id":407553,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Wyatt-Spratt","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"SimonWyattSpratt","display_name":"Simon Wyatt-Spratt","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/SimonWyattSpratt?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/407553/128107/6559895/s65_simon.wyatt-spratt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary 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Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Indigenous_Archaeology?f_ri=772"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":11186,"name":"Mammalogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammalogy?f_ri=772"},{"id":13068,"name":"Archaeoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeoanthropology?f_ri=772"},{"id":14483,"name":"Animal Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology?f_ri=772"},{"id":22857,"name":"Palaeoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoanthropology?f_ri=772"},{"id":24375,"name":"Vertebrate Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_Paleontology?f_ri=772"},{"id":35587,"name":"Quaternary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary?f_ri=772"},{"id":57423,"name":"Fossil record","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_record?f_ri=772"},{"id":106421,"name":"Megafauna extintion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Megafauna_extintion?f_ri=772"},{"id":143933,"name":"Extinct Megafauna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extinct_Megafauna?f_ri=772"},{"id":236794,"name":"Pleistocene megafauna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene_megafauna?f_ri=772"},{"id":393134,"name":"Empirical evidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_evidence?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79946782" data-work_id="79946782" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79946782/L_agriculture_est_n%C3%A9e_pour_habiller_les_humains_pas_pour_les_nourrir_Agriculture_was_born_to_clothe_humans_not_to_feed_them_">L’agriculture est née pour habiller les humains, pas pour les nourrir [Agriculture was born to clothe humans, not to feed them]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Marine Corniou's story May 24 2022: "L’agriculture est née pour habiller les humains, pas pour les nourrir" ["Agriculture was born to clothe humans, not to feed them"]</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79946782" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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Gilligan","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/IanGilligan?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26989126/7576028/110088399/s65_ian.gilligan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=772"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=772"},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=772"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=772"},{"id":18984,"name":"Social Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=772"},{"id":43954,"name":"Textile Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textile_Technology?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7051771" data-work_id="7051771" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45027690" data-work_id="45027690" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45027690/Theory_of_EVERYTHING_Dark_Matter_Manifestation_Body_and_Morphogenetic_Template">Theory of EVERYTHING: Dark Matter, Manifestation Body and Morphogenetic Template</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The discussion of the Theory of EVERYTHING has been continued with a concerted interest on physicality, and in particular, the concept of Dark Matter and consciousness embodiment, making a reference to the advent of Core Manifestation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45027690" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The discussion of the Theory of EVERYTHING has been continued with a concerted interest on physicality, and in particular, the concept of Dark Matter and consciousness embodiment, making a reference to the advent of Core Manifestation Body Template or concept of Morphogenetic Field. It is elucidated that contrary to the erroneous conjecture of the mainstream science, Dark Matter is not just something that is only simply responsible for gravity. Indeed, it is true that Dark Matter epitomizes what ‘holds’ everything together in physicality. Yet, Dark Matter is not just regular matter that is only indigenous to 3D physicality, nor is “dark” by any means, both in terms of its Light quotient and frequency of vibration. Dark Matter manifests itself as plasma waves that has a spectral density that begins from highly comparatively lower constitution, and thus, high Light quotient and frequency of particulate (as well anti-particulate) vibration, all the way making the fabric of the to the 81st space-time dimension, to that of our Harmonic Universes, as well as forming our consciousness embodiment. Indeed, it is better to altogether dispense with the terminology of “Dark” and replace it with “Stealth” matter. In fact, Dark Matter is the essence or the substance of what emerges from the eternal spirit of the God-SOURCE. And, Dark Matter epitomizes what constitutes and builds the layers of our Lightbody that, in turn, give rise to the formation of our material atomic body. Thus, the Dark Matter body may be viewed as the connection link that exists between the eternal spiritual Light SOURCE body of the Prime Creator and the finite level of our Light source body. The Core Manifestation Body is governed by the Dark Matter Template, the blueprint or the instruction sets that our Eternal Source Particle Atoms and Molecules are built in order to generate the layers of our Eternal Light Body determining our bioenergetics, in turn, giving rise to our morphogenetic field that forms the DNA and RNA structure of our genetics. And, all this entails is the conversion of energy into matter. Dark Matter Template holds a cell that has the instruction set for the Elemental Body that is specific to the matter substance that is connected to a specific Harmonic Universe (e.g., HU1, HU2, HU3, and even HU4), and thus, provides the very means for our very consciousness embodiment. Note that quantum field affects the organization of the <br />Space-time or ‘dimensions,’ which in turn, determines the structure of the timelines that forms the Nebadon Time Matrix that defines our 4 holographic Harmonic Universes. This is what is commonly referred to as the 12D Grid or Tree of Life, the blueprint matrices of the Time Matrix that make up the layers of the Morphogenetic Fields of the Earth, as a macrocosm, and in turn, us, as the microcosm that determine our Consciousness reality and evolution. This establishes a system of communication that connects and realigns Earth and its planetary Light body structure via certain portals and stargates to the rest of the Cosmos, something that may be described as ‘holographic geography,’ the geometric intelligence that connects all the star systems in our local universe to the surface grid of our planet. Note that any changes in the Dark Matter Template Body (the ‘Rasha Body’), signifies a shift occurring in our physical body and physicality. And, in turn, any change in our orientation in matter, signifies a change in the fabric of space-time dimension to which our consciousness is anchored. Accordingly, a review of our quantum consciousness embodiment structure within the Nebadon Universe that may be classified under the concepts of ‘Soul Aspects,’ ‘Soul Expression,’ ‘Oversoul,’ and ‘Avatar’ matrix that was initially depicted by the ‘Carousel-Wheel of Consciousness’ by the author, is re-articulated, herein. Finally, a brief discussion of the relevance of magnetic energies discharge to the Planetary Dark Matter Body Template and the nature of the subtle energies, as well as Gravity, Black-White Holes, and Wormholes has been presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45027690" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="419ff2ac8d8b1779f2a0f85307fb312d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":98266341,"asset_id":45027690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98266341/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45027690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45027690"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45027690, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45027690", }); 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It is elucidated that contrary to the erroneous conjecture of the mainstream science, Dark Matter is not just something that is only simply responsible for gravity. Indeed, it is true that Dark Matter epitomizes what ‘holds’ everything together in physicality. Yet, Dark Matter is not just regular matter that is only indigenous to 3D physicality, nor is “dark” by any means, both in terms of its Light quotient and frequency of vibration. Dark Matter manifests itself as plasma waves that has a spectral density that begins from highly comparatively lower constitution, and thus, high Light quotient and frequency of particulate (as well anti-particulate) vibration, all the way making the fabric of the to the 81st space-time dimension, to that of our Harmonic Universes, as well as forming our consciousness embodiment. Indeed, it is better to altogether dispense with the terminology of “Dark” and replace it with “Stealth” matter. In fact, Dark Matter is the essence or the substance of what emerges from the eternal spirit of the God-SOURCE. And, Dark Matter epitomizes what constitutes and builds the layers of our Lightbody that, in turn, give rise to the formation of our material atomic body. Thus, the Dark Matter body may be viewed as the connection link that exists between the eternal spiritual Light SOURCE body of the Prime Creator and the finite level of our Light source body. The Core Manifestation Body is governed by the Dark Matter Template, the blueprint or the instruction sets that our Eternal Source Particle Atoms and Molecules are built in order to generate the layers of our Eternal Light Body determining our bioenergetics, in turn, giving rise to our morphogenetic field that forms the DNA and RNA structure of our genetics. And, all this entails is the conversion of energy into matter. Dark Matter Template holds a cell that has the instruction set for the Elemental Body that is specific to the matter substance that is connected to a specific Harmonic Universe (e.g., HU1, HU2, HU3, and even HU4), and thus, provides the very means for our very consciousness embodiment. Note that quantum field affects the organization of the \nSpace-time or ‘dimensions,’ which in turn, determines the structure of the timelines that forms the Nebadon Time Matrix that defines our 4 holographic Harmonic Universes. This is what is commonly referred to as the 12D Grid or Tree of Life, the blueprint matrices of the Time Matrix that make up the layers of the Morphogenetic Fields of the Earth, as a macrocosm, and in turn, us, as the microcosm that determine our Consciousness reality and evolution. This establishes a system of communication that connects and realigns Earth and its planetary Light body structure via certain portals and stargates to the rest of the Cosmos, something that may be described as ‘holographic geography,’ the geometric intelligence that connects all the star systems in our local universe to the surface grid of our planet. Note that any changes in the Dark Matter Template Body (the ‘Rasha Body’), signifies a shift occurring in our physical body and physicality. And, in turn, any change in our orientation in matter, signifies a change in the fabric of space-time dimension to which our consciousness is anchored. Accordingly, a review of our quantum consciousness embodiment structure within the Nebadon Universe that may be classified under the concepts of ‘Soul Aspects,’ ‘Soul Expression,’ ‘Oversoul,’ and ‘Avatar’ matrix that was initially depicted by the ‘Carousel-Wheel of Consciousness’ by the author, is re-articulated, herein. Finally, a brief discussion of the relevance of magnetic energies discharge to the Planetary Dark Matter Body Template and the nature of the subtle energies, as well as Gravity, Black-White Holes, and Wormholes has been presented. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":98266341,"asset_id":45027690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":888,"name":"Cosmology (Physics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmology_Physics_?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=772"},{"id":5044,"name":"Embodiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embodiment?f_ri=772"},{"id":6813,"name":"Quantum Cosmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Cosmology?f_ri=772"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":31939,"name":"Embodiment Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embodiment_Theory?f_ri=772"},{"id":47598,"name":"Cosmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmology?f_ri=772"},{"id":51567,"name":"Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":93741,"name":"Cosmos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmos?f_ri=772"},{"id":223497,"name":"Parallel universes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parallel_universes?f_ri=772"},{"id":1158518,"name":"Physcs and Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physcs_and_Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":1539232,"name":"Holographic Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holographic_Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":1675154,"name":"Alternate Universes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternate_Universes?f_ri=772"},{"id":3188284,"name":"Secrets of the Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secrets_of_the_Universe?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32937575" data-work_id="32937575" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/32937575/The_Secret_Doctrine_Volume_IV_The_Nature_of_Everything">The Secret Doctrine Volume IV, The Nature of Everything</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Part I – Spirilla Theory and Cosmology Stephen Hawking once proclaimed that String Theory may be able to unify the various forces although later he became disillusioned thinking that there may be no Theory of Everything. This very... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32937575" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Part I – Spirilla Theory and Cosmology<br />Stephen Hawking once proclaimed that String Theory may be able to unify the various forces although later he became disillusioned thinking that there may be no Theory of Everything. This very condensed book pulls together the various forces into the Spirilla Theory which supersedes String Theory and introduces the Relativity of Consciousness.<br /><br />The foundation of the Spirilla Theory is based on the writings of H. P. Blavatsky, A. B. Bailey, and A. Besant. By overlaying the works of Einstein, Bohm, de Broglie, Dirac, Bell and other great scientific minds, on top of the foundation, the unification of the various forces and theories starts to appear; each field of study supplying a part of the puzzle but only a holistic view of ALL endeavors will solve the mystery. The book starts by laying the groundwork through the Introduction, a review of Bell’s Theorem and p-adic mathematics; following this, each major section begins with a quote from the foundational works followed by the quotes from scientific papers demonstrating the current known thinking on the various topics; no attempts are made to edit the works (except with a few exceptions for clarity and/or length) of the various authors and references to the scientists’ works are maintained. Each section is pulled together so that a picture can be seen.<br />This section;<br />1. Redefines the atom with the addition of a subquark;<br />2. Defines the Spirilla Theory which unifies Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity, and explains Quantum Entanglement;<br />3. Defines new particles;<br />4. Redefines time and space;<br />5. Defines and solves the mystery of Black Holes and links the cosmic and quantum black hole through the spirillae; <br />6. Delves into the mystery of the Macroverse;<br />7. Outlines the steps in the origins of the universe;<br />8. Adds an equation to Einstein’s original 1905 paper on relativity which sees the speed of light approaching infinity; <br />9. Gives the foundation for developing space travel; and, as an appendix,<br />10. Gives detailed information for the development of a new energy source – Quantum Energy.<br /> <br />Part II - Ontology, Epistemology & Manifestations<br />Part II is divided into three sections:<br />1. Ontology and the fundamental concepts of reality which discusses:<br />a. consciousness and delves into the mystery of human consciousness having cosmic origins;<br />b. reincarnation and gives the various laws affecting rebirth, with a discussion on the principle of mutation and the perfecting of form;<br />c. the work of form-building, transmutation of form and the building of a human form.<br />2. Epistemology which covers a great deal of topics however; for the purposes of NOE the subject is restricted to;<br />a. evolution including a definition of the Law of Evolution, the cyclic ebb and flow and the rhythmic work of creation, the process of substitution, the evolution of man and the genesis of the pithecoid stocks; and <br />b. death including the processes of death, two main reasons for cremation and the sequence of events at death.<br />3. Manifestations of the various religions including:<br />a. why Christians don’t believe in reincarnation;<br />b. the coming science of invocation and evocation;<br />c. Quantum Entanglement Over Time (QEoT) or The Law of Cause and Effect, and The Law of Karma with a discussion on The Golden Rule ; and<br />d. The New World Religion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32937575" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4721c4bb01521da57bb10cfa17ddda5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53069823,"asset_id":32937575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53069823/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31733106" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/MadonnaMegaraHolloway">Madonna-Megara Holloway</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31733106" type="text/json">{"id":31733106,"first_name":"Madonna-Megara","last_name":"Holloway","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"MadonnaMegaraHolloway","display_name":"Madonna-Megara Holloway","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/MadonnaMegaraHolloway?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31733106/9425088/15828046/s65_madonna-megara.holloway.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32937575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32937575"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32937575, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32937575", }); 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This very condensed book pulls together the various forces into the Spirilla Theory which supersedes String Theory and introduces the Relativity of Consciousness.\n\nThe foundation of the Spirilla Theory is based on the writings of H. P. Blavatsky, A. B. Bailey, and A. Besant. By overlaying the works of Einstein, Bohm, de Broglie, Dirac, Bell and other great scientific minds, on top of the foundation, the unification of the various forces and theories starts to appear; each field of study supplying a part of the puzzle but only a holistic view of ALL endeavors will solve the mystery. 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Each section is pulled together so that a picture can be seen.\nThis section;\n1.\tRedefines the atom with the addition of a subquark;\n2.\tDefines the Spirilla Theory which unifies Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity, and explains Quantum Entanglement;\n3.\tDefines new particles;\n4.\tRedefines time and space;\n5.\tDefines and solves the mystery of Black Holes and links the cosmic and quantum black hole through the spirillae; \n6.\tDelves into the mystery of the Macroverse;\n7.\tOutlines the steps in the origins of the universe;\n8.\tAdds an equation to Einstein’s original 1905 paper on relativity which sees the speed of light approaching infinity; \n9.\tGives the foundation for developing space travel; and, as an appendix,\n10.\tGives detailed information for the development of a new energy source – Quantum Energy.\n \nPart II - Ontology, Epistemology \u0026 Manifestations\nPart II is divided into three sections:\n1.\tOntology and the fundamental concepts of reality which discusses:\na.\tconsciousness and delves into the mystery of human consciousness having cosmic origins;\nb.\treincarnation and gives the various laws affecting rebirth, with a discussion on the principle of mutation and the perfecting of form;\nc.\tthe work of form-building, transmutation of form and the building of a human form.\n2.\tEpistemology which covers a great deal of topics however; 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P. Blavatsky","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/H._P._Blavatsky?f_ri=772"},{"id":376804,"name":"Bell's theorem, locality, quantum mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bells_theorem_locality_quantum_mechanics?f_ri=772"},{"id":402467,"name":"de Broglie-Bohm theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/de_Broglie-Bohm_theory?f_ri=772"},{"id":412435,"name":"Annie Besant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Annie_Besant?f_ri=772"},{"id":1170393,"name":"Alice A. Bailey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alice_A._Bailey?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_178408" data-work_id="178408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/178408/Cognitive_Integration">Cognitive Integration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book argues that thinking is bounded by neither the brain nor the skin of an organism. Cognitive systems function through integration of neural and bodily functions with the functions of representational vehicles. The integrationist... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_178408" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book argues that thinking is bounded by neither the brain nor the skin of an organism. Cognitive systems function through integration of neural and bodily functions with the functions of representational vehicles. The integrationist position offers a fresh contribution to the emerging embodied and embedded approach to the study of mind.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/178408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0751a25dd3332543711c8fb65afa10e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":114294,"asset_id":178408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/114294/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39935" href="https://mq.academia.edu/RichardMenary">Richard Menary</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39935" type="text/json">{"id":39935,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Menary","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"RichardMenary","display_name":"Richard Menary","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/RichardMenary?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39935/13218/13896026/s65_richard.menary.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_178408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="178408"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 178408, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_178408", }); 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Minis Saththwaya</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Human Organism: Introduction to Biological Anthropology ---- OPEN ACCESS (FREE) ONLINE SINHALA TEXTBOOK “Minis Saththwaya” offers an introduction to Biological (Physical) Anthropology with a focus on humans as biological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78705886" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Human Organism: Introduction to Biological Anthropology ---- <br /> <br />OPEN ACCESS (FREE) ONLINE SINHALA TEXTBOOK <br /> <br />“Minis Saththwaya” offers an introduction to Biological (Physical) Anthropology with a focus on humans as biological organisms. Using an evolutionary perspective and a bio-cultural approach, this resource outlines the principles of Biological Anthropology, describing humanity. This online open access resource is designed to make anthropological knowledge accessible in Sinhala for A-Level students, University students, instructors and the general public. <br />Author: Samanti Kulatilake, PhD <br />Associate Professor, Mount Royal University, Canada <br /> <br /> <br />ජෛව මානව විද්‍යාව හදාරන සිසු සිසුවියන්ට මෙන්ම මිනිසාගේ ජෛවී තොරතුරු විමසන්නන් හට සිංහල බසින් ලියැවුණු මූලාශ්‍ර දුර්ලභ ය. මෙම විෂයය පිළිබඳව අවබෝධය පුළුල් කිරීම පිණිස වඩාත් විස්තරාත්මකව නව තොරතුරු සහ අදහස් ඇතුළත් කර, ජෛව මානව විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු ප්‍රචලිත කිරීමේ මූලික අභිලාෂය පෙරටු කොට ගෙන මෙම කෘතිය ඉදිරිපත් කරමි. <br /> <br />මානව විවිධත්වය සහ පරිණාමය විද්‍යාත්මකව වටහා ගැනීම කාලීන අවශ්‍යතාවකි. ජෛව (භෞතික) මානව විද්‍යා විෂය පිළිබඳව හැඳින්වීමක් “මිනිස් සත්ත්වයා: ජෛව මානව විද්‍යා ප්‍රවේශය” කෘතියෙන් ඉදිරිපත් වෙයි. පරිණාමවාදී දෘෂ්ටිකෝණයක් තුළින් සහ ජෛව සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රවේශයක් හරහා මිනිසා ජෛව ලෝකයේ සාමාජිකයකු ලෙස අධ්‍යයනය කරන අන්දම මෙහිදී හඳුන්වා දෙනු ලැබේ. මානව විද්‍යාත්මක දැනුම සිංහල භාෂාවෙන් ප්‍රචලිත  කිරීමේ අභිලාෂයෙන් නිර්මාණය කර ඇති මෙම විවෘත ප්‍රවේශ මූලාශ්‍රය උසස් පෙළ සහ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල සිසුන්ට මෙන්ම ආචාර්යවරුන්ට සහ පොදු පාඨකයන්ට ද ප්‍රයෝජනවත් වනු ඇත. <br /> <br />කර්තෘ: සමන්ති කුලතිලක, PhD <br />සහය මහාචාර්ය, මවුන්ට් රෝයල් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය, කැනඩාව</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78705886" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07ae5b96e6906bf23c175d08ddb2b852" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88260065,"asset_id":78705886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88260065/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21396744" href="https://mtroyal.academia.edu/SamantiKulatilake">Samanti Kulatilake</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21396744" type="text/json">{"id":21396744,"first_name":"Samanti","last_name":"Kulatilake","domain_name":"mtroyal","page_name":"SamantiKulatilake","display_name":"Samanti Kulatilake","profile_url":"https://mtroyal.academia.edu/SamantiKulatilake?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21396744/5908907/6709765/s65_samanti.kulatilake.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78705886 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78705886"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78705886, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78705886", }); 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Using an evolutionary perspective and a bio-cultural approach, this resource outlines the principles of Biological Anthropology, describing humanity. This online open access resource is designed to make anthropological knowledge accessible in Sinhala for A-Level students, University students, instructors and the general public.\r\nAuthor: \tSamanti Kulatilake, PhD\r\nAssociate Professor, Mount Royal University, Canada\r\n\r\n\r\nජෛව මානව විද්‍යාව හදාරන සිසු සිසුවියන්ට මෙන්ම මිනිසාගේ ජෛවී තොරතුරු විමසන්නන් හට සිංහල බසින් ලියැවුණු මූලාශ්‍ර දුර්ලභ ය. මෙම විෂයය පිළිබඳව අවබෝධය පුළුල් කිරීම පිණිස වඩාත් විස්තරාත්මකව නව තොරතුරු සහ අදහස් ඇතුළත් කර, ජෛව මානව විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු ප්‍රචලිත කිරීමේ මූලික අභිලාෂය පෙරටු කොට ගෙන මෙම කෘතිය ඉදිරිපත් කරමි. \r\n\r\nමානව විවිධත්වය සහ පරිණාමය විද්‍යාත්මකව වටහා ගැනීම කාලීන අවශ්‍යතාවකි. ජෛව (භෞතික) මානව විද්‍යා විෂය පිළිබඳව හැඳින්වීමක් “මිනිස් සත්ත්වයා: ජෛව මානව විද්‍යා ප්‍රවේශය” කෘතියෙන් ඉදිරිපත් වෙයි. පරිණාමවාදී දෘෂ්ටිකෝණයක් තුළින් සහ ජෛව සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රවේශයක් හරහා මිනිසා ජෛව ලෝකයේ සාමාජිකයකු ලෙස අධ්‍යයනය කරන අන්දම මෙහිදී හඳුන්වා දෙනු ලැබේ. මානව විද්‍යාත්මක දැනුම සිංහල භාෂාවෙන් ප්‍රචලිත කිරීමේ අභිලාෂයෙන් නිර්මාණය කර ඇති මෙම විවෘත ප්‍රවේශ මූලාශ්‍රය උසස් පෙළ සහ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල සිසුන්ට මෙන්ම ආචාර්යවරුන්ට සහ පොදු පාඨකයන්ට ද ප්‍රයෝජනවත් වනු ඇත. \r\n\r\nකර්තෘ: \tසමන්ති කුලතිලක, PhD\r\nසහය මහාචාර්ය, මවුන්ට් රෝයල් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය, කැනඩාව ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88260065,"asset_id":78705886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21396744,"first_name":"Samanti","last_name":"Kulatilake","domain_name":"mtroyal","page_name":"SamantiKulatilake","display_name":"Samanti Kulatilake","profile_url":"https://mtroyal.academia.edu/SamantiKulatilake?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21396744/5908907/6709765/s65_samanti.kulatilake.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":1704,"name":"Bioarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":2812,"name":"Open Access","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Access?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=772"},{"id":9850,"name":"Sri Lanka","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Lanka?f_ri=772"},{"id":12304,"name":"Sinhala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinhala?f_ri=772"},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=772"},{"id":71838,"name":"Textbook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textbook?f_ri=772"},{"id":165528,"name":"Online Teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Teaching?f_ri=772"},{"id":175427,"name":"Undergraduate Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Undergraduate_Education?f_ri=772"},{"id":809651,"name":"Sinhalese Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinhalese_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33791123" data-work_id="33791123" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33791123/The_genetic_legacy_of_archaic_hominin_species">The genetic legacy of archaic hominin species</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many species co-existed with Homo sapiens in the Late Pleistocene. Through morphological and palaeo-genomic analysis, four archaic hominins have been proven to have interbred with modern humans. Findings show that modern humans of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33791123" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many species co-existed with Homo sapiens in the Late Pleistocene. Through morphological and palaeo-genomic analysis, four archaic hominins have been proven to have interbred with modern humans. Findings show that modern humans of Eurasian origin share DNA with Neanderthals. Additionally, Melanesians, share archaic haplotypes with Neanderthals but also Denisovans and an unknown group, “Species X”, whilst African populations share many with an archaic group of H. sapiens. Introgressed haplotypes of archaic origin are located within many coding sections of DNA, some at curiously high frequencies within certain populations. This can be explained through positive selective pressure, indicating that interbreeding was often adaptive. However, interbreeding also had some detrimental impacts on modern humans (e.g. infertility), which is likely a reason why there is not a greater number of archaic lineages present in modern DNA. <br /><br />Genetic data allows mapping of the date, location and frequency of admixture events. This contextualisation indicates that - to some extent - an assimilation model is the best fit for the “extinction” of Late Pleistocene hominin species. Therefore, it could be argued that these species are not truly extinct, and instead they live on within modern humans, as nearly 10% of some modern genomes being made up of introgressed sequences. Evidence of introgression suggests it is highly probable that admixture has been a critical dynamic in the process hominin evolution, ever since the origin of our lineage. This has numerous implications on the dynamics of interactions between hominin groups, but also on the designation of many hominin populations as species in their own right.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33791123" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6181e4d7c93e1596c9ca75a7bf387c55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53778502,"asset_id":33791123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53778502/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41583561" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/Se%C3%A1nLea">Seán Lea</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41583561" type="text/json">{"id":41583561,"first_name":"Seán","last_name":"Lea","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"SeánLea","display_name":"Seán Lea","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/Se%C3%A1nLea?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41583561/12732271/14161397/s65_se_n.lea.jpg_oh_9438643077ebe935b8a8b2a5b9520b23_oe_57b2074b"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33791123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33791123"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33791123, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33791123", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33791123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33791123").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33791123").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33791123"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4481" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics">Evolutionary genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4481" type="text/json">{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4548" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology">Palaeolithic Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4548" type="text/json">{"id":4548,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33791123]'), work: {"id":33791123,"title":"The genetic legacy of archaic hominin species","created_at":"2017-07-06T04:45:54.073-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33791123/The_genetic_legacy_of_archaic_hominin_species?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_33791123","summary":"Many species co-existed with Homo sapiens in the Late Pleistocene. Through morphological and palaeo-genomic analysis, four archaic hominins have been proven to have interbred with modern humans. Findings show that modern humans of Eurasian origin share DNA with Neanderthals. Additionally, Melanesians, share archaic haplotypes with Neanderthals but also Denisovans and an unknown group, “Species X”, whilst African populations share many with an archaic group of H. sapiens. Introgressed haplotypes of archaic origin are located within many coding sections of DNA, some at curiously high frequencies within certain populations. This can be explained through positive selective pressure, indicating that interbreeding was often adaptive. However, interbreeding also had some detrimental impacts on modern humans (e.g. infertility), which is likely a reason why there is not a greater number of archaic lineages present in modern DNA. \n\nGenetic data allows mapping of the date, location and frequency of admixture events. This contextualisation indicates that - to some extent - an assimilation model is the best fit for the “extinction” of Late Pleistocene hominin species. Therefore, it could be argued that these species are not truly extinct, and instead they live on within modern humans, as nearly 10% of some modern genomes being made up of introgressed sequences. Evidence of introgression suggests it is highly probable that admixture has been a critical dynamic in the process hominin evolution, ever since the origin of our lineage. 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The Updated Ascension Program (Plan B)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The objective of this paper is to address concerns expressed by some of the author's followers-friends on the Facebook in the form of questions posed as to who the 'Guardian Hosts' are and what role they are playing with regard</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43739679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="333f1e673b55930fc5fa375c72a0373e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64050109,"asset_id":43739679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64050109/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43739679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43739679"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43739679, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43739679", }); 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The Updated Ascension Program (Plan B)","created_at":"2020-07-29T11:37:48.235-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43739679/Who_are_The_Guardian_Hosts_The_Updated_Ascension_Program_Plan_B_?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_43739679","summary":"The objective of this paper is to address concerns expressed by some of the author's followers-friends on the Facebook in the form of questions posed as to who the 'Guardian Hosts' are and what role they are playing with regard","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64050109,"asset_id":43739679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":5421,"name":"Time-Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time-Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":11050,"name":"Galaxy Formation and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galaxy_Formation_and_Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":12282,"name":"Historical Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":14283,"name":"Remote Sensing (Earth Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing_Earth_Sciences_?f_ri=772"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":21704,"name":"Space and Time (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Time_Philosophy_?f_ri=772"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=772"},{"id":51567,"name":"Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":778977,"name":"Ascension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascension?f_ri=772"},{"id":1216203,"name":"Earth Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Science?f_ri=772"},{"id":1675154,"name":"Alternate Universes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternate_Universes?f_ri=772"},{"id":3188284,"name":"Secrets of the Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secrets_of_the_Universe?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44127563" data-work_id="44127563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44127563/The_Guardian_Founders_Seeding_of_the_Nebadon_Universe_Part_I_Introduction">The Guardian-Founders' Seeding of the Nebadon Universe: Part I: Introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The advent of seeding of the Nebadon Universe has been discussed. It is explicated that this event was carried out by the Angelic Oraphim individuals of highly refined crystalline consciousness who have happened to have completed one or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44127563" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The advent of seeding of the Nebadon Universe has been discussed. It is explicated that this event was carried out by the Angelic Oraphim individuals of highly refined crystalline consciousness who have happened to have completed one or more full course of evolutional rounds in similar universes, who ventured in seeding a ‘raw’ uninhabited domain called Nebadon, possibly having taken such a task with respect to setting up other new universes before. Accordingly, these beings are referred to as the Nebadon ‘Founders’ who after seeding Nebadon have made full commitment to uphold the Right of Sovereignty and Free Will of all its inhabitants, and function in the capacity of ‘Guardians’ ensuring that the provisions of the Law of One are upheld and revered, making every attempt to ensure that the new inhabitants of Nebadon will have an opportunity to naturally evolve after having attained appropriate requisite frequencies-Light quotients via experimenting the various sojourns of life streamed upon them as natural-organic holographic programs of reality to choose from to experiment with within varied space-time dimensions within the Nebadon Time Matrix, leading to their consciousness evolution. It is further elucidated that there is no doubt that the Guardian-Founders of Nebadon Universe took this upon themselves as to create a highly special Angelic Oraphim being referred to as human beings with the potential of 12D DNA strand crystalline silicate-matrix genetics to eventually take up the responsibility to serve as the new Guardians of Nebadon Universe. Furthermore, there can be no doubt that this project referred to as a ‘Turaneusiam’ human prototype was to be carried out on the 5D Earth (Tara) within Nebadon’s Second Harmonic Universe with 12 of highest extra – transdimensional beings volunteering to offer one strand  of their DNA as to serve devising such a Turaneusiam prototype. It was agreed by the Guardian-Founders that the new Angelic human with the newly designed 12D crystalline silicate-based DNA would have all their 12 DNA strands initially assembled, yet only 5 fully activated to have the requisite accreted frequencies-Light quotients to function being commensurate with the 5D consciousness field of 5D Tara. It was envisioned that the humans would initially take the guardianship of the 5D Tara, and then progressively learn to activate the rest of their 7D crystalline DNA strands climbing the steps of the devised 12D Grid-Tree of Life eventually attaining their status of full 12D Strand crystalline consciousness as the first level Oraphim and subsequently would take up the Guardianship of the entire Nebadon universe, relieving the Guardian-Founders of the task of overseeing the consciousness affairs of the Nebadon Universe so they can perhaps move on to creating-seeding new ‘raw’ and uninhabited universes. Accordingly, the seeding program started in Lyra known as the ‘Cradle of Civilization’ through a system of white holes referred to as the triad  universal stargates known as the 12D Aramatena, 11D Aveyon, and 10D Vega. Unfortunately due to a parasitic-vampiric rogue and nefarious group of individuals and their ancestors collectively now referred to as ‘negative aliens,’ this project did not fully succeed, specifically with establishing Nebadon Universe as a new God’s World conforming to the Law of One, or its envisioned evolutional plans for its inhabitants including the human beings. And, although it is not clear that, indeed, the human Angelic project was devised from the beginning and prior to seeding the Nebadon Universe, or it became a necessity afterwards, there can be no doubt that the human being as the Crown Jewel of all Nebadon inhabitants were designed as to try to repair the rip created in the Nebadon space-time, and after the destruction of the principle triad stargates and its natural-organic system of Time Matrix by the negative aliens. Clearly, the human DNA serves as the storehouse of knowledge regarding the genetic details of all beings within Nebadon Universe, as well as a library source for God’s consciousness mechanics. Furthermore, human being’s morphogenetic system is the only one that can connect back Nebadon to the Zero-Point Field and the Divine Mind of the Prime creator, once attaining back its full crystallinity trait. In this manuscript, the preliminaries for the initial seeding of the Nebadon Universe are discussed, leaving more details with regard to the Lyran Matrix and what is referred to as the ‘Royal Houses of Lyra’ involving certain entities having incarnated there as the contributors and the predecessor races to the Taran Turaneusiam project, in a companion paper.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44127563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc07d86b78e0210d64bb9cdff702ea11" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64478229,"asset_id":44127563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64478229/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44127563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44127563"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44127563, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44127563", }); 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It is explicated that this event was carried out by the Angelic Oraphim individuals of highly refined crystalline consciousness who have happened to have completed one or more full course of evolutional rounds in similar universes, who ventured in seeding a ‘raw’ uninhabited domain called Nebadon, possibly having taken such a task with respect to setting up other new universes before. Accordingly, these beings are referred to as the Nebadon ‘Founders’ who after seeding Nebadon have made full commitment to uphold the Right of Sovereignty and Free Will of all its inhabitants, and function in the capacity of ‘Guardians’ ensuring that the provisions of the Law of One are upheld and revered, making every attempt to ensure that the new inhabitants of Nebadon will have an opportunity to naturally evolve after having attained appropriate requisite frequencies-Light quotients via experimenting the various sojourns of life streamed upon them as natural-organic holographic programs of reality to choose from to experiment with within varied space-time dimensions within the Nebadon Time Matrix, leading to their consciousness evolution. It is further elucidated that there is no doubt that the Guardian-Founders of Nebadon Universe took this upon themselves as to create a highly special Angelic Oraphim being referred to as human beings with the potential of 12D DNA strand crystalline silicate-matrix genetics to eventually take up the responsibility to serve as the new Guardians of Nebadon Universe. Furthermore, there can be no doubt that this project referred to as a ‘Turaneusiam’ human prototype was to be carried out on the 5D Earth (Tara) within Nebadon’s Second Harmonic Universe with 12 of highest extra – transdimensional beings volunteering to offer one strand of their DNA as to serve devising such a Turaneusiam prototype. It was agreed by the Guardian-Founders that the new Angelic human with the newly designed 12D crystalline silicate-based DNA would have all their 12 DNA strands initially assembled, yet only 5 fully activated to have the requisite accreted frequencies-Light quotients to function being commensurate with the 5D consciousness field of 5D Tara. It was envisioned that the humans would initially take the guardianship of the 5D Tara, and then progressively learn to activate the rest of their 7D crystalline DNA strands climbing the steps of the devised 12D Grid-Tree of Life eventually attaining their status of full 12D Strand crystalline consciousness as the first level Oraphim and subsequently would take up the Guardianship of the entire Nebadon universe, relieving the Guardian-Founders of the task of overseeing the consciousness affairs of the Nebadon Universe so they can perhaps move on to creating-seeding new ‘raw’ and uninhabited universes. Accordingly, the seeding program started in Lyra known as the ‘Cradle of Civilization’ through a system of white holes referred to as the triad universal stargates known as the 12D Aramatena, 11D Aveyon, and 10D Vega. Unfortunately due to a parasitic-vampiric rogue and nefarious group of individuals and their ancestors collectively now referred to as ‘negative aliens,’ this project did not fully succeed, specifically with establishing Nebadon Universe as a new God’s World conforming to the Law of One, or its envisioned evolutional plans for its inhabitants including the human beings. And, although it is not clear that, indeed, the human Angelic project was devised from the beginning and prior to seeding the Nebadon Universe, or it became a necessity afterwards, there can be no doubt that the human being as the Crown Jewel of all Nebadon inhabitants were designed as to try to repair the rip created in the Nebadon space-time, and after the destruction of the principle triad stargates and its natural-organic system of Time Matrix by the negative aliens. Clearly, the human DNA serves as the storehouse of knowledge regarding the genetic details of all beings within Nebadon Universe, as well as a library source for God’s consciousness mechanics. Furthermore, human being’s morphogenetic system is the only one that can connect back Nebadon to the Zero-Point Field and the Divine Mind of the Prime creator, once attaining back its full crystallinity trait. In this manuscript, the preliminaries for the initial seeding of the Nebadon Universe are discussed, leaving more details with regard to the Lyran Matrix and what is referred to as the ‘Royal Houses of Lyra’ involving certain entities having incarnated there as the contributors and the predecessor races to the Taran Turaneusiam project, in a companion paper. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64478229,"asset_id":44127563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":5421,"name":"Time-Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time-Consciousness?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":12282,"name":"Historical Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":16619,"name":"Early Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=772"},{"id":51567,"name":"Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":223497,"name":"Parallel universes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parallel_universes?f_ri=772"},{"id":1158518,"name":"Physcs and Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physcs_and_Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":3188284,"name":"Secrets of the Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secrets_of_the_Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":3405813,"name":"Interdimensional Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdimensional_Physics?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28523514 coauthored" data-work_id="28523514" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28523514/The_evolution_of_body_size_within_the_genus_Homo_new_empirical_data_and_theoretical_perspectives">The evolution of body size within the genus Homo: new empirical data and theoretical perspectives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Body size is one of the most important determinants of the biology of a species, as it correlates with life history, energetic expenditure, diet, thermoregulation, and home range size, among other factors. Although the evolution of body... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28523514" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Body size is one of the most important determinants of the biology of a species, as it correlates with life history, energetic expenditure, diet, thermoregulation, and home range size, among other factors. Although the evolution of body size within the genus Homo is an important issue, the most influential large-scale studies have been performed over 20 years ago, with a recent interest in this issue only in the last few years. In the meantime, the widely accepted interpretation that there was a major shift in body size with the origin of Homo ergaster/erectus when compared Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and australopithecines has come under criticism. Recent analyses have demonstrated that body size within early Homo is spatially and temporally variable, only showing significant increase in the Koobi Fora region after 1.7 Mya (Will & Stock, 2015). Broad temporal analyses of body size have highlighted the significant increase in body mass during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene (Ruff, 1997), and that brain size increases correspond closely with body mass increases throughout the Pleistocene (Grabowski, 2016). Even though new body size data is now accumulating rapidly for various parts of the hominin record (Arsuaga et al., 2015; Grabowski et al., 2015;  Will & Stock, 2015), no study comparable to the scope of Ruff et al. (1997) has since been performed.<br />In this paper we investigate taxonomic, spatial and temporal variation in two components of body size within the genus Homo: body mass and stature. We combine size estimates of hominin fossils from our own studies with other published data, resulting in the largest sample for a single study so far (n=319). The body size estimates cover roughly four million years (4.1 Mya – 11 ka) and derive from African, European and Asian specimens, including several genera and species of hominins. This data set allows for a detailed assessment of body size evolution within the genus Homo and relative to earlier hominins.<br />Analyses of the body size estimates demonstrate that: a) the origins of the genus Homo are characterized by a significant increase in body size compared to australopithecines and paranthropines, but also feature abundant spatial and temporal variation within an enlarged size range; b) members of Homo erectus/ergaster are marked by a diversification in body mass and stature rather than directional increase; c) a consistent and universal increase in body size is only established in Middle Pleistocene hominins (e.g. Sima de los Huesos, Atapuerca; Homo heidelbergensis), Neanderthals and modern humans after ca. 0.5 Mya; d) selection against smaller body mass and stature occurred in the late Early and Middle Pleistocene, and; e) there are no simple latitudinal trends in the variation of body size estimates within Middle and Late Pleistocene Homo in Europe. These results have implications for studies concerned with human dispersal and encephalization, and more generally for how we interpret the evolution and biology of our genus. In light of the above, rather than focusing exclusively on species means and unidirectional models, perspectives that emphasize spatio-temporal variability and phenotypic plasticity might be more fruitful frameworks for interpreting the evolution of body size in our genus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28523514" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e988104d5de24ca8987f8a18a7ebc982" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48875624,"asset_id":28523514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48875624/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="406294" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/ManuelWill">Manuel Will</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="406294" type="text/json">{"id":406294,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Will","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"ManuelWill","display_name":"Manuel Will","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/ManuelWill?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/406294/930646/82363524/s65_manuel.will.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28523514">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28523514"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucm.academia.edu/Adri%C3%A1nPablos">Adrián Pablos</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28523514'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28523514').html(); 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Although the evolution of body size within the genus Homo is an important issue, the most influential large-scale studies have been performed over 20 years ago, with a recent interest in this issue only in the last few years. In the meantime, the widely accepted interpretation that there was a major shift in body size with the origin of Homo ergaster/erectus when compared Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and australopithecines has come under criticism. Recent analyses have demonstrated that body size within early Homo is spatially and temporally variable, only showing significant increase in the Koobi Fora region after 1.7 Mya (Will \u0026 Stock, 2015). Broad temporal analyses of body size have highlighted the significant increase in body mass during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene (Ruff, 1997), and that brain size increases correspond closely with body mass increases throughout the Pleistocene (Grabowski, 2016). Even though new body size data is now accumulating rapidly for various parts of the hominin record (Arsuaga et al., 2015; Grabowski et al., 2015; Will \u0026 Stock, 2015), no study comparable to the scope of Ruff et al. (1997) has since been performed.\nIn this paper we investigate taxonomic, spatial and temporal variation in two components of body size within the genus Homo: body mass and stature. We combine size estimates of hominin fossils from our own studies with other published data, resulting in the largest sample for a single study so far (n=319). The body size estimates cover roughly four million years (4.1 Mya – 11 ka) and derive from African, European and Asian specimens, including several genera and species of hominins. This data set allows for a detailed assessment of body size evolution within the genus Homo and relative to earlier hominins.\nAnalyses of the body size estimates demonstrate that: a) the origins of the genus Homo are characterized by a significant increase in body size compared to australopithecines and paranthropines, but also feature abundant spatial and temporal variation within an enlarged size range; b) members of Homo erectus/ergaster are marked by a diversification in body mass and stature rather than directional increase; c) a consistent and universal increase in body size is only established in Middle Pleistocene hominins (e.g. Sima de los Huesos, Atapuerca; Homo heidelbergensis), Neanderthals and modern humans after ca. 0.5 Mya; d) selection against smaller body mass and stature occurred in the late Early and Middle Pleistocene, and; e) there are no simple latitudinal trends in the variation of body size estimates within Middle and Late Pleistocene Homo in Europe. These results have implications for studies concerned with human dispersal and encephalization, and more generally for how we interpret the evolution and biology of our genus. In light of the above, rather than focusing exclusively on species means and unidirectional models, perspectives that emphasize spatio-temporal variability and phenotypic plasticity might be more fruitful frameworks for interpreting the evolution of body size in our genus. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48875624,"asset_id":28523514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":406294,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Will","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"ManuelWill","display_name":"Manuel Will","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/ManuelWill?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/406294/930646/82363524/s65_manuel.will.png"},{"id":1196133,"first_name":"Adrián","last_name":"Pablos","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"AdriánPablos","display_name":"Adrián Pablos","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/Adri%C3%A1nPablos?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1196133/10315723/11511276/s65_adri_n.pablos_fern_ndez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":5971,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biological Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biological_Anthropology_?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":30254,"name":"Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene?f_ri=772"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=772"},{"id":53550,"name":"Estimation of Stature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estimation_of_Stature?f_ri=772"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":77503,"name":"Pliocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pliocene?f_ri=772"},{"id":77589,"name":"Palaeoantrhopological studies of the three different human species Homo erectus, Neaderdeland and sapiens in the Aegean Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoantrhopological_studies_of_the_three_different_human_species_Homo_erectus_Neaderdeland_and_s?f_ri=772"},{"id":81953,"name":"Neanderthals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals?f_ri=772"},{"id":135875,"name":"Homo Erectus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Erectus?f_ri=772"},{"id":164264,"name":"Body Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Size?f_ri=772"},{"id":170101,"name":"Sima de los Huesos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sima_de_los_Huesos?f_ri=772"},{"id":213652,"name":"Genus Homo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genus_Homo?f_ri=772"},{"id":223706,"name":"Body Mass Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Estimation?f_ri=772"},{"id":365155,"name":"Paleanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleanthropology?f_ri=772"},{"id":385773,"name":"Anatomia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomia?f_ri=772"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49637994" data-work_id="49637994" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49637994/The_Neolithic_Revolution_agriculture_sedentary_lifestyle_and_its_consequences">The Neolithic Revolution: agriculture, sedentary lifestyle and its consequences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The adoption of agriculture in the Neolithic was one of the most important events in human history. The appearance and subsequent expansion of agriculture in different areas of the planet took place approximately 10,000 to 5,000 years... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49637994" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The adoption of agriculture in the Neolithic was one of the most important events in human history. The appearance and subsequent expansion of agriculture in different areas of the planet took place approximately 10,000 to 5,000 years ago. Before that, humans used hunter-gatherer techniques to procure their livelihood. The transition to agriculture, which later led to the emergence and development of the first urban civilizations, allowed to obtain an unimaginable wealth and material prosperity for the Neolithic hunter-gatherer populations, which has caused this process to have been called the “Neolithic Revolution”. However, not all were advantages. In some cases, the adoption of agriculture and a sedentary way of life had consequences whose effects are being felt today.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49637994" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43b57df74b9d35a5dc42c364955ec9f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67939678,"asset_id":49637994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67939678/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11542654" href="https://hi.academia.edu/MarioMartinMerino">Mario Martin-Merino</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11542654" type="text/json">{"id":11542654,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Martin-Merino","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarioMartinMerino","display_name":"Mario Martin-Merino","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarioMartinMerino?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11542654/6412388/16973633/s65_mario.martin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49637994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49637994"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49637994, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49637994", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49637994]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49637994").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49637994").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49637994"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11199" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology">Neolithic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11199" type="text/json">{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33104" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Agriculture_and_Farming_Archaeology_">Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33104" type="text/json">{"id":33104,"name":"Ancient Agriculture \u0026 Farming (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Agriculture_and_Farming_Archaeology_?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49637994]'), work: {"id":49637994,"title":"The Neolithic Revolution: agriculture, sedentary lifestyle and its consequences","created_at":"2021-07-09T03:25:17.902-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49637994/The_Neolithic_Revolution_agriculture_sedentary_lifestyle_and_its_consequences?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_49637994","summary":"The adoption of agriculture in the Neolithic was one of the most important events in human history. The appearance and subsequent expansion of agriculture in different areas of the planet took place approximately 10,000 to 5,000 years ago. Before that, humans used hunter-gatherer techniques to procure their livelihood. The transition to agriculture, which later led to the emergence and development of the first urban civilizations, allowed to obtain an unimaginable wealth and material prosperity for the Neolithic hunter-gatherer populations, which has caused this process to have been called the “Neolithic Revolution”. However, not all were advantages. In some cases, the adoption of agriculture and a sedentary way of life had consequences whose effects are being felt today.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67939678,"asset_id":49637994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11542654,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Martin-Merino","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarioMartinMerino","display_name":"Mario Martin-Merino","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarioMartinMerino?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11542654/6412388/16973633/s65_mario.martin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":33104,"name":"Ancient Agriculture \u0026 Farming (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Agriculture_and_Farming_Archaeology_?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3529349" data-work_id="3529349" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3529349/The_Oldowan_The_Tool_Making_of_Early_Hominins_and_Chimpanzees_Compared">The Oldowan: The Tool Making of Early Hominins and Chimpanzees Compared</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Oldowan was the term first coined by Louis Leakey to describe the world's earliest stone industries, named after the famous site of Olduvai (formerly Oldoway) Gorge in Tanzania. The Oldowan Industrial Complex documents the first... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3529349" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Oldowan was the term first coined by Louis Leakey to describe the world's earliest stone industries, named after the famous site of Olduvai (formerly Oldoway) Gorge in Tanzania. The Oldowan Industrial Complex documents the first definitive evidence of early hominin culture as well as the earliest known archaeological record. This review examines our state of knowledge about the Oldowan and the hominin tool makers who produced this archaeological record and compares and contrasts these patterns with the technological and cultural patterns of modern apes, especially chimpanzees and bonobos. Of special interest are methodological approaches that can attempt to make direct comparisons between the early archaeological record and modern ape material culture, including a long-term collaborative experimental program in teaching modern apes to make and use stone tools.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3529349" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2baff5c82fa928b1da1753d1e46e8239" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45144160,"asset_id":3529349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45144160/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3138399" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/KathySchick">Kathy Schick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3138399" type="text/json">{"id":3138399,"first_name":"Kathy","last_name":"Schick","domain_name":"indiana","page_name":"KathySchick","display_name":"Kathy Schick","profile_url":"https://indiana.academia.edu/KathySchick?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3138399/1031631/1288963/s65_kathy.schick.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3529349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3529349"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3529349, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3529349", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3529349]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3529349").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3529349").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3529349"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology">Methodology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2923" type="text/json">{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3529349]'), work: {"id":3529349,"title":"The Oldowan: The Tool Making of Early Hominins and Chimpanzees Compared","created_at":"2013-05-13T20:29:12.191-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3529349/The_Oldowan_The_Tool_Making_of_Early_Hominins_and_Chimpanzees_Compared?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_3529349","summary":"The Oldowan was the term first coined by Louis Leakey to describe the world's earliest stone industries, named after the famous site of Olduvai (formerly Oldoway) Gorge in Tanzania. The Oldowan Industrial Complex documents the first definitive evidence of early hominin culture as well as the earliest known archaeological record. This review examines our state of knowledge about the Oldowan and the hominin tool makers who produced this archaeological record and compares and contrasts these patterns with the technological and cultural patterns of modern apes, especially chimpanzees and bonobos. Of special interest are methodological approaches that can attempt to make direct comparisons between the early archaeological record and modern ape material culture, including a long-term collaborative experimental program in teaching modern apes to make and use stone tools.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45144160,"asset_id":3529349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3138399,"first_name":"Kathy","last_name":"Schick","domain_name":"indiana","page_name":"KathySchick","display_name":"Kathy Schick","profile_url":"https://indiana.academia.edu/KathySchick?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3138399/1031631/1288963/s65_kathy.schick.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=772"},{"id":33457,"name":"Material Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7094390" data-work_id="7094390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/7094390/Consciousness_and_Its_Evolution_From_a_Human_Being_to_a_Post_Human_Ph_D_Thesis">Consciousness and Its Evolution: From a Human Being to a Post-Human, Ph.D. Thesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In my Ph.D. dissertation, I described a way of achieving anti-aging through consciousness projection into a more advanced parallel universe. Upon reaching the "point of no return," individuals have reported that time seems to flow much... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7094390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In my Ph.D. dissertation, I described a way of achieving anti-aging through consciousness projection into a more advanced parallel universe. Upon reaching the "point of no return," individuals have reported that time seems to flow much slower for them, resulting in anti-aging effects on both the mind and body.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7094390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3b1458c30a7574af723320590c5ef1f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33739227,"asset_id":7094390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33739227/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12168693" rel="nofollow" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/TarasHandziy">Taras Handziy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12168693" type="text/json">{"id":12168693,"first_name":"Taras","last_name":"Handziy","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"TarasHandziy","display_name":"Taras Handziy","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/TarasHandziy?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12168693/3490989/35826411/s65_taras.handziy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7094390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7094390"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7094390, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7094390", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7094390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7094390").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7094390").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7094390"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="866" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_philosophy">Experimental philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="866" type="text/json">{"id":866,"name":"Experimental philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_philosophy?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7094390]'), work: {"id":7094390,"title":"Consciousness and Its Evolution: From a Human Being to a Post-Human, Ph.D. Thesis","created_at":"2014-05-19T12:56:16.333-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7094390/Consciousness_and_Its_Evolution_From_a_Human_Being_to_a_Post_Human_Ph_D_Thesis?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_7094390","summary":"In my Ph.D. dissertation, I described a way of achieving anti-aging through consciousness projection into a more advanced parallel universe. Upon reaching the \"point of no return,\" individuals have reported that time seems to flow much slower for them, resulting in anti-aging effects on both the mind and body. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33739227,"asset_id":7094390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12168693,"first_name":"Taras","last_name":"Handziy","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"TarasHandziy","display_name":"Taras Handziy","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/TarasHandziy?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12168693/3490989/35826411/s65_taras.handziy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":866,"name":"Experimental philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_philosophy?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=772"},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=772"},{"id":47598,"name":"Cosmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmology?f_ri=772"},{"id":1027751,"name":"Antiaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiaging?f_ri=772"},{"id":2482174,"name":"Antiaging Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiaging_Medicine?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43760869" data-work_id="43760869" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43760869/Who_are_the_Fallen_Melchizedeks_Part_I_Coerced_to_Cooperate_with_the_Negative_Aliens">Who are the Fallen Melchizedeks? Part I: Coerced to Cooperate with the Negative Aliens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the course of years, and as of more recently, many followers-friends of the author have been asking questions with reference to the Melchizedeks and their role in humanity-Earth Ascension. Below, you will find a sample of such... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43760869" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the course of years, and as of more recently, many followers-friends of the author have been asking questions with reference to the Melchizedeks and their role in humanity-Earth Ascension. Below, you will find a sample of such questions posted to the author as of more recently, and the response to some of these questions, which were also later posted as slides for the benefit of the all. Herein, via the publication of this paper, you will find a more detailed response to such questions and concerns pertaining to the coerced role of fallen Melchizedeks with reference to cooperating with the negative aliens.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43760869" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ca0a54337a9db865deca6de0139d631" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":101445600,"asset_id":43760869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101445600/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43760869 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43760869"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43760869, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43760869", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43760869]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43760869").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43760869").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43760869"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="400" type="text/json">{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="951" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities">Humanities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="951" type="text/json">{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2169" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law">Human Rights Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2169" type="text/json">{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43760869]'), work: {"id":43760869,"title":"Who are the Fallen Melchizedeks? Part I: Coerced to Cooperate with the Negative Aliens","created_at":"2020-08-01T09:13:09.720-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43760869/Who_are_the_Fallen_Melchizedeks_Part_I_Coerced_to_Cooperate_with_the_Negative_Aliens?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_43760869","summary":"Over the course of years, and as of more recently, many followers-friends of the author have been asking questions with reference to the Melchizedeks and their role in humanity-Earth Ascension. Below, you will find a sample of such questions posted to the author as of more recently, and the response to some of these questions, which were also later posted as slides for the benefit of the all. Herein, via the publication of this paper, you will find a more detailed response to such questions and concerns pertaining to the coerced role of fallen Melchizedeks with reference to cooperating with the negative aliens.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":101445600,"asset_id":43760869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=772"},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":5421,"name":"Time-Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time-Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":11050,"name":"Galaxy Formation and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galaxy_Formation_and_Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":12282,"name":"Historical Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":27588,"name":"Problem of Evil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_of_Evil?f_ri=772"},{"id":36665,"name":"Theology of Suffering and Evil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Suffering_and_Evil?f_ri=772"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=772"},{"id":50642,"name":"Virtual Reality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Reality?f_ri=772"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":309434,"name":"Solar System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_System?f_ri=772"},{"id":514800,"name":"The Problem of Evil and the Existence of God (Brief Essay)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Problem_of_Evil_and_the_Existence_of_God_Brief_Essay_?f_ri=772"},{"id":1216203,"name":"Earth Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Science?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44157249" data-work_id="44157249" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44157249/The_Guardian_Founders_Seeding_of_the_Nebadon_Universe_Part_II_The_Cradle_of_Lyra_and_the_Royal_Houses_the_Lyran_Matrix_">The Guardian-Founders' Seeding of the Nebadon Universe -Part II: The Cradle of Lyra and the Royal Houses (the Lyran Matrix)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract The discussion of the Guardian-Founders’ seeding the Nebadon Universe is continued that makes a particular reference to the Cradle of Lyra with the so-called ‘Royal Houses of Lyra,’ 13D-15D Light Beings who are accredited with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44157249" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract<br />The discussion of the Guardian-Founders’ seeding the Nebadon Universe is continued that makes a particular reference to the Cradle of Lyra with the so-called ‘Royal Houses of Lyra,’ 13D-15D Light Beings who are accredited with seeding the Nebadon Universe through their so-called incarnations in the Nebadon’s 4th Harmonic Universe. These are androgenous beings composed of crystalline liquid Light that upon anchoring their consciousness on a form of their congealed energies forming the fabric of the space-times within the 4th Harmonic Universe that serve as a scaffold comprised of matter-antimatter, give them the possibility to have a form of embodiment that acts as silhouette or vibration sheets of Light. And, among these groups were the 15D Emerald Order Elohei who incarnated as the hominid White Felines Elohim angelic beings referred to as the Anuhazi who incarnated through the 12th Stargate in Lyra-Aramatena, as well as the 13D Amethyst Order of Solar Rishi comprised of Cetacean, Avian Pegasus people, and aquatic Bra-ha-Rama who incarnated through the 11th Stargate in Lyra-Aveyon, and the 14D Gold Order Seraph RA Confederacy who seeded the Seraphim Cerez Avian bird people and Aethien Mantis Tall Whites of the Solar Rishi through the 10th Stargate in Lyra-Vega. Note that this constitutes three embodiments that are always used to hold the tone sequence in matter-antimatter as the base, overtone, and resonator, or positive, negative, and neutral components. Accordingly, all this, is consistent with the Cosmic Order of Trinity that manifests as a Threefold Founder Flame making the Ray Aspect of the Universe. Of course, due to the reptilian negative aliens intruders, these ‘forms’ hybridized with the reptilians and downgraded to form a variety of hybrid negative aliens races. At the same time, some of the benevolent Founder races had to step down into lower forms such as, for example, the Azurites that were formed from the hybridization of these compassionate Light beings who also created the Interdimensional Free World Council (IAFW) to deal with the problem of reptilian negative aliens infiltration as well as revering and upholding, the provisions of the Law of One, ensuring that all lost souls stuck in the negative aliens Phantom Timelines of Reality are returned to the God’s World, whose right of Free Will and Sovereignty is observed, as well as they are aided through spiritual educational means, etc. to be able to accrete enough higher dimensional frequencies to Ascend to the higher dimensions via acquiring appropriate consciousness expansion and evolution. Although this paper concentrates on such ‘seeding’ preliminaries in exclusively Lyra, the discourse with regard to the negative aliens hybridization and their nefarious acts of wars and tyranny leading to the Fall of Lyra, etc. are postponed to the companion papers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44157249" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80a0052005964b1aa4afd5fe747aa18f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67767925,"asset_id":44157249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67767925/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44157249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44157249"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44157249, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44157249", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44157249]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44157249").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44157249").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44157249"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3344" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness">Metaphysics of Consciousness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3344" type="text/json">{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44157249]'), work: {"id":44157249,"title":"The Guardian-Founders' Seeding of the Nebadon Universe -Part II: The Cradle of Lyra and the Royal Houses (the Lyran Matrix)","created_at":"2020-09-24T10:58:06.978-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44157249/The_Guardian_Founders_Seeding_of_the_Nebadon_Universe_Part_II_The_Cradle_of_Lyra_and_the_Royal_Houses_the_Lyran_Matrix_?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_44157249","summary":"Abstract\nThe discussion of the Guardian-Founders’ seeding the Nebadon Universe is continued that makes a particular reference to the Cradle of Lyra with the so-called ‘Royal Houses of Lyra,’ 13D-15D Light Beings who are accredited with seeding the Nebadon Universe through their so-called incarnations in the Nebadon’s 4th Harmonic Universe. These are androgenous beings composed of crystalline liquid Light that upon anchoring their consciousness on a form of their congealed energies forming the fabric of the space-times within the 4th Harmonic Universe that serve as a scaffold comprised of matter-antimatter, give them the possibility to have a form of embodiment that acts as silhouette or vibration sheets of Light. And, among these groups were the 15D Emerald Order Elohei who incarnated as the hominid White Felines Elohim angelic beings referred to as the Anuhazi who incarnated through the 12th Stargate in Lyra-Aramatena, as well as the 13D Amethyst Order of Solar Rishi comprised of Cetacean, Avian Pegasus people, and aquatic Bra-ha-Rama who incarnated through the 11th Stargate in Lyra-Aveyon, and the 14D Gold Order Seraph RA Confederacy who seeded the Seraphim Cerez Avian bird people and Aethien Mantis Tall Whites of the Solar Rishi through the 10th Stargate in Lyra-Vega. Note that this constitutes three embodiments that are always used to hold the tone sequence in matter-antimatter as the base, overtone, and resonator, or positive, negative, and neutral components. Accordingly, all this, is consistent with the Cosmic Order of Trinity that manifests as a Threefold Founder Flame making the Ray Aspect of the Universe. Of course, due to the reptilian negative aliens intruders, these ‘forms’ hybridized with the reptilians and downgraded to form a variety of hybrid negative aliens races. At the same time, some of the benevolent Founder races had to step down into lower forms such as, for example, the Azurites that were formed from the hybridization of these compassionate Light beings who also created the Interdimensional Free World Council (IAFW) to deal with the problem of reptilian negative aliens infiltration as well as revering and upholding, the provisions of the Law of One, ensuring that all lost souls stuck in the negative aliens Phantom Timelines of Reality are returned to the God’s World, whose right of Free Will and Sovereignty is observed, as well as they are aided through spiritual educational means, etc. to be able to accrete enough higher dimensional frequencies to Ascend to the higher dimensions via acquiring appropriate consciousness expansion and evolution. Although this paper concentrates on such ‘seeding’ preliminaries in exclusively Lyra, the discourse with regard to the negative aliens hybridization and their nefarious acts of wars and tyranny leading to the Fall of Lyra, etc. are postponed to the companion papers. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67767925,"asset_id":44157249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":12282,"name":"Historical Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":16619,"name":"Early Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":19434,"name":"History of Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Human_Rights?f_ri=772"},{"id":19889,"name":"History of Human Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Human_Sciences?f_ri=772"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=772"},{"id":51567,"name":"Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=772"},{"id":93741,"name":"Cosmos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmos?f_ri=772"},{"id":199933,"name":"History of Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Humanities?f_ri=772"},{"id":223497,"name":"Parallel universes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parallel_universes?f_ri=772"},{"id":1158518,"name":"Physcs and Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physcs_and_Universe?f_ri=772"},{"id":1675154,"name":"Alternate Universes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternate_Universes?f_ri=772"},{"id":3188284,"name":"Secrets of the Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secrets_of_the_Universe?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36809424" data-work_id="36809424" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36809424/Protector_Solar_Una_alternativa_de_evoluci%C3%B3n">Protector Solar: Una alternativa de evolución</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Escrito argumentativo - reflexivo relacionado con la evolución de la melanina como estrategia de adaptación humana.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36809424" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e5302d84ede46cb7e6cadec0a7b5941" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56759457,"asset_id":36809424,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Although a link... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29638783" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The human fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) missense mutation c.385 C!A, which results in conversion of a conserved proline residue to threonine (P129T), has been associated with street drug use and problem drug abuse. Although a link between the FAAH P129T variant and human drug abuse has been reported, the extent of risk and speciWc types of substance addiction vulnerability remain to be determined. Here, we investigated the relationship of the FAAH P129T variant to a number of linked single nucleotide polymorphisms to establish a haplotyping system, calculate the estimated age and origin of the FAAH 385 C!A mutation and evaluate its association with clinically signiWcant drug addiction in a case control study. The results showed a signiWcant over-representation of the FAAH P129T homozygotes in 249 subjects with documented multiple diVerent drug addictions compared to drug free individuals of the same ethnic backgrounds (P = 0.05) using logistic regression analysis controlling for ethnicity. To increase the logistic regression analysis power by increasing the sample size, the data from our previous study (Sipe et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:8394-8399, 2002) were pooled with the present cohort which increased the signiWcance to P = 0.00003. Investigation of the FAAH chromosomal backgrounds of the P129T variant in both multiple diVerent drug addicted and control subjects revealed a common ancestral haplotype, marked population diVerences in haplotype genetic diversity and an estimated P129T mutation age of 114,425-177,525 years. Collectively, these results show that the P129T mutation is the only common mutation in the FAAH gene and is signiWcantly associated with addictive traits. Moreover, this mutation appears to have arisen early in human evolution and this study validates the previous link between the FAAH P129T variant and vulnerability to addiction of multiple diVerent drugs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29638783" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac166dda654eafc07b1bf284db6367f2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50076616,"asset_id":29638783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50076616/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27408021" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandraGerber">Alexandra Gerber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27408021" type="text/json">{"id":27408021,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Gerber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexandraGerber","display_name":"Alexandra Gerber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandraGerber?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29638783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29638783"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29638783, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29638783", }); 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Although a link between the FAAH P129T variant and human drug abuse has been reported, the extent of risk and speciWc types of substance addiction vulnerability remain to be determined. Here, we investigated the relationship of the FAAH P129T variant to a number of linked single nucleotide polymorphisms to establish a haplotyping system, calculate the estimated age and origin of the FAAH 385 C!A mutation and evaluate its association with clinically signiWcant drug addiction in a case control study. The results showed a signiWcant over-representation of the FAAH P129T homozygotes in 249 subjects with documented multiple diVerent drug addictions compared to drug free individuals of the same ethnic backgrounds (P = 0.05) using logistic regression analysis controlling for ethnicity. To increase the logistic regression analysis power by increasing the sample size, the data from our previous study (Sipe et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:8394-8399, 2002) were pooled with the present cohort which increased the signiWcance to P = 0.00003. Investigation of the FAAH chromosomal backgrounds of the P129T variant in both multiple diVerent drug addicted and control subjects revealed a common ancestral haplotype, marked population diVerences in haplotype genetic diversity and an estimated P129T mutation age of 114,425-177,525 years. Collectively, these results show that the P129T mutation is the only common mutation in the FAAH gene and is signiWcantly associated with addictive traits. Moreover, this mutation appears to have arisen early in human evolution and this study validates the previous link between the FAAH P129T variant and vulnerability to addiction of multiple diVerent drugs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50076616,"asset_id":29638783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27408021,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Gerber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexandraGerber","display_name":"Alexandra Gerber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandraGerber?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":1135,"name":"Human 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Laura NewelI-Morris, Florence, April 20.21</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72953501" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c410c6a6998c78b30749c10358ad689" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81669962,"asset_id":72953501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81669962/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65824964" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SantoGiammanco">Santo Giammanco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65824964" type="text/json">{"id":65824964,"first_name":"Santo","last_name":"Giammanco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SantoGiammanco","display_name":"Santo Giammanco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SantoGiammanco?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72953501 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72953501"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72953501, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72953501", }); 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Laura NewelI-Morris, Florence, April 20.21","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81669962,"asset_id":72953501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65824964,"first_name":"Santo","last_name":"Giammanco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SantoGiammanco","display_name":"Santo Giammanco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SantoGiammanco?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":15504,"name":"Native American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":84384,"name":"Maize","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maize?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":98913,"name":"Blood brain barrier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_brain_barrier?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62012667" data-work_id="62012667" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62012667/The_anatomy_physiology_acoustics_and_perception_of_speech_essential_elements_in_analysis_of_the_evolution_of_human_speech">The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech: essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech: essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech Inferences on the evolution ofhuman speech based on anatomical data muat take into account its physiology,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62012667" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech: essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech Inferences on the evolution ofhuman speech based on anatomical data muat take into account its physiology, acoustics and perception. Human sperch is generated by the supralaryngeal vocal tract (SVT) acting as an acoustic filter on noise sources generated by turbulent airflow and quasi-periodic phonation generated by the activity of the larynx. The formant frequencies, which arc major determinants of phonetic quality, are the frequencies at which relative energy maxima will pass through the SVT filter. Neither the articulator) gestures of the tongue nor their acoustic consequences can be fractionattd into oral and pharyngeal cavity components. Moreover, the acoustic cues that specify individual consonants and vowels are "encoded", i.e., melded together. Formant frequency encoding makes human speech a vehicle for rapid vocal communication. Non-human primates lack the anatomy that enables modern humans to produce sounds that enhance this process, as well as the neural mechanisms necessary for the voluntary control of speech articulation. The specific claims ofDuchin [ 1990) arr discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62012667" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2afcdeab99b769d4eec4f779f93b1e66" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74892329,"asset_id":62012667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74892329/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57321629" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoyGaylinnReidenberg">Joy Gaylinn Reidenberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57321629" type="text/json">{"id":57321629,"first_name":"Joy Gaylinn","last_name":"Reidenberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoyGaylinnReidenberg","display_name":"Joy Gaylinn Reidenberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoyGaylinnReidenberg?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57321629/15045404/15772325/s65_joy_gaylinn.reidenberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62012667 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62012667"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62012667, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62012667", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62012667]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62012667").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62012667").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62012667"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62012667]'), work: {"id":62012667,"title":"The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech: essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech","created_at":"2021-11-19T07:02:45.442-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62012667/The_anatomy_physiology_acoustics_and_perception_of_speech_essential_elements_in_analysis_of_the_evolution_of_human_speech?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_62012667","summary":"The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech: essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech Inferences on the evolution ofhuman speech based on anatomical data muat take into account its physiology, acoustics and perception. Human sperch is generated by the supralaryngeal vocal tract (SVT) acting as an acoustic filter on noise sources generated by turbulent airflow and quasi-periodic phonation generated by the activity of the larynx. The formant frequencies, which arc major determinants of phonetic quality, are the frequencies at which relative energy maxima will pass through the SVT filter. Neither the articulator) gestures of the tongue nor their acoustic consequences can be fractionattd into oral and pharyngeal cavity components. Moreover, the acoustic cues that specify individual consonants and vowels are \"encoded\", i.e., melded together. Formant frequency encoding makes human speech a vehicle for rapid vocal communication. Non-human primates lack the anatomy that enables modern humans to produce sounds that enhance this process, as well as the neural mechanisms necessary for the voluntary control of speech articulation. The specific claims ofDuchin [ 1990) arr discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74892329,"asset_id":62012667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57321629,"first_name":"Joy Gaylinn","last_name":"Reidenberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoyGaylinnReidenberg","display_name":"Joy Gaylinn Reidenberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoyGaylinnReidenberg?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57321629/15045404/15772325/s65_joy_gaylinn.reidenberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":41720,"name":"Human","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human?f_ri=772"},{"id":42799,"name":"Speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35529922" data-work_id="35529922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35529922/Issues_in_the_identification_of_Neandertal_derivative_traits_at_early_post_natal_stages">Issues in the identification of Neandertal derivative traits at early post-natal stages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35529922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18798a57bdc24fff88da1135ec664a17" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55395039,"asset_id":35529922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55395039/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="73280880" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioRosas24">Antonio Rosas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="73280880" type="text/json">{"id":73280880,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Rosas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonioRosas24","display_name":"Antonio Rosas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioRosas24?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35529922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35529922"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35529922, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35529922", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35529922]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35529922").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35529922").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35529922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35529922]'), work: {"id":35529922,"title":"Issues in the identification of Neandertal derivative traits at early post-natal stages","created_at":"2017-12-28T11:29:58.448-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35529922/Issues_in_the_identification_of_Neandertal_derivative_traits_at_early_post_natal_stages?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_35529922","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55395039,"asset_id":35529922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":73280880,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Rosas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonioRosas24","display_name":"Antonio Rosas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioRosas24?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33084054" data-work_id="33084054" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33084054/Female_and_male_responses_to_cuteness_age_and_emotion_in_infant_faces">Female and male responses to cuteness, age and emotion in infant faces</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neonatal features in the newborn are thought to trigger parental care, the most fundamental prosocial behaviour. The underlying mechanisms that release parental care have not yet been resolved. Here we report sex differences in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33084054" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neonatal features in the newborn are thought to trigger parental care, the most fundamental prosocial behaviour. The underlying mechanisms that release parental care have not yet been resolved. Here we report sex differences in the ability to discriminate cues to cuteness despite equivalence in the capability to discriminate age and facial expression. These differences become apparent in a task where adults were asked to choose the cuter of two babies. While women could reliably choose the cuter infant, men had more difficulty in doing so. When showing the exact same face pairs but asking to choose the younger or the happier baby, there was no sex difference. These results suggest that the sex difference in the ability to discriminate cues to cuteness in infants underlies female-specific emotive responses. We argue that this reactivity expressed by women evolved to ensure that a female allocates her caretaking resources to her youngest offspring while it needs mothering care.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33084054" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5adedfd4b276853a7d888f0002be372" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53184742,"asset_id":33084054,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53184742/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64472325" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReinerSprengelmeyer">Reiner Sprengelmeyer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64472325" type="text/json">{"id":64472325,"first_name":"Reiner","last_name":"Sprengelmeyer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReinerSprengelmeyer","display_name":"Reiner Sprengelmeyer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReinerSprengelmeyer?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33084054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33084054"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33084054, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33084054", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33084054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33084054; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33084054"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33084054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33084054"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33084054; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33084054]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33084054").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33084054").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33084054"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33084054]'), work: {"id":33084054,"title":"Female and male responses to cuteness, age and emotion in infant faces","created_at":"2017-05-18T14:01:27.804-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33084054/Female_and_male_responses_to_cuteness_age_and_emotion_in_infant_faces?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_33084054","summary":"Neonatal features in the newborn are thought to trigger parental care, the most fundamental prosocial behaviour. The underlying mechanisms that release parental care have not yet been resolved. Here we report sex differences in the ability to discriminate cues to cuteness despite equivalence in the capability to discriminate age and facial expression. These differences become apparent in a task where adults were asked to choose the cuter of two babies. While women could reliably choose the cuter infant, men had more difficulty in doing so. When showing the exact same face pairs but asking to choose the younger or the happier baby, there was no sex difference. These results suggest that the sex difference in the ability to discriminate cues to cuteness in infants underlies female-specific emotive responses. We argue that this reactivity expressed by women evolved to ensure that a female allocates her caretaking resources to her youngest offspring while it needs mothering care.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53184742,"asset_id":33084054,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64472325,"first_name":"Reiner","last_name":"Sprengelmeyer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReinerSprengelmeyer","display_name":"Reiner Sprengelmeyer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReinerSprengelmeyer?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":21269,"name":"Facial expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression?f_ri=772"},{"id":28499,"name":"Face perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_perception?f_ri=772"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=772"},{"id":60631,"name":"Parental care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parental_care?f_ri=772"},{"id":75509,"name":"Sex Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Difference?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17620157" data-work_id="17620157" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17620157/A_A_Popovici_Henric_Sanielevici_biolog_si_antropolog_Lettre_Internationale_nr_91_2014_">A.A. Popovici - Henric Sanielevici, biolog si antropolog (Lettre Internationale, nr. 91, 2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17620157" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7b4c6a552776c6dbb3f567c9339029e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39618226,"asset_id":17620157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39618226/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10876033" href="https://romano.academia.edu/AlexandruPopovici">Alexandru Popovici</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10876033" type="text/json">{"id":10876033,"first_name":"Alexandru","last_name":"Popovici","domain_name":"romano","page_name":"AlexandruPopovici","display_name":"Alexandru Popovici","profile_url":"https://romano.academia.edu/AlexandruPopovici?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10876033/3694100/4329723/s65_alexandru.popovici.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17620157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17620157"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17620157, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17620157", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17620157]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17620157").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17620157").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17620157"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Biology">Philosophy of Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="823" type="text/json">{"id":823,"name":"Philosophy of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17620157]'), work: {"id":17620157,"title":"A.A. Popovici - Henric Sanielevici, biolog si antropolog (Lettre Internationale, nr. 91, 2014)","created_at":"2015-11-02T11:42:46.373-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17620157/A_A_Popovici_Henric_Sanielevici_biolog_si_antropolog_Lettre_Internationale_nr_91_2014_?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_17620157","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39618226,"asset_id":17620157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10876033,"first_name":"Alexandru","last_name":"Popovici","domain_name":"romano","page_name":"AlexandruPopovici","display_name":"Alexandru Popovici","profile_url":"https://romano.academia.edu/AlexandruPopovici?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10876033/3694100/4329723/s65_alexandru.popovici.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":823,"name":"Philosophy of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10127109" data-work_id="10127109" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10127109/Space_Governance_Options_for_Humans_on_Mars">Space Governance Options for Humans on Mars</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mars in unearthly, unchartered, unknown & yet attracts all of humanity. The hazards of the endeavor are overwhelmed by the hype & hope surrounding the enterprise. A variety of individuals, private companies, commercial firms and national... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10127109" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mars in unearthly, unchartered, unknown & yet attracts all of humanity. The hazards of the endeavor are overwhelmed by the hype & hope surrounding the enterprise. A variety of individuals, private companies, commercial firms and national space agencies are engrossed in efforts at landing & inhabiting Mars. However, these efforts are disjoint and there exists little or no coordination. The aspirations as also hazards are immense, the resources scarce & costly. Consequently, left ungoverned, the potential for conflict in space exploration is high. There exists a critical need to regulate and coordinate affairs in this area right now when the technologies and legislation are yet immature. This calls for a credible institutionalized governance structure. This paper proposes an expansion of the existing United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) to take on the mantle of space exploration governance and to continue with incremental progressions later.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10127109" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e2a337c08235532f523a7243ba2e8b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36241111,"asset_id":10127109,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36241111/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14003453" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/KiranNair">Kiran Nair, PhD, LLM ,MSc, PMP</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14003453" type="text/json">{"id":14003453,"first_name":"Kiran","last_name":"Nair, PhD, LLM ,MSc, PMP","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"KiranNair","display_name":"Kiran Nair, PhD, LLM ,MSc, PMP","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/KiranNair?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14003453/4535968/16797452/s65_kiran.nair.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10127109 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10127109"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10127109, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10127109", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10127109]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10127109").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10127109").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10127109"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="700" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Sciences">Space Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="700" type="text/json">{"id":700,"name":"Space Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Sciences?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1911" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies">International Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1911" type="text/json">{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10127109]'), work: {"id":10127109,"title":"Space Governance Options for Humans on Mars","created_at":"2015-01-12T08:02:48.322-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10127109/Space_Governance_Options_for_Humans_on_Mars?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_10127109","summary":"Mars in unearthly, unchartered, unknown \u0026 yet attracts all of humanity. The hazards of the endeavor are overwhelmed by the hype \u0026 hope surrounding the enterprise. A variety of individuals, private companies, commercial firms and national space agencies are engrossed in efforts at landing \u0026 inhabiting Mars. However, these efforts are disjoint and there exists little or no coordination. The aspirations as also hazards are immense, the resources scarce \u0026 costly. Consequently, left ungoverned, the potential for conflict in space exploration is high. There exists a critical need to regulate and coordinate affairs in this area right now when the technologies and legislation are yet immature. This calls for a credible institutionalized governance structure. This paper proposes an expansion of the existing United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) to take on the mantle of space exploration governance and to continue with incremental progressions later. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36241111,"asset_id":10127109,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14003453,"first_name":"Kiran","last_name":"Nair, PhD, LLM ,MSc, PMP","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"KiranNair","display_name":"Kiran Nair, PhD, LLM ,MSc, PMP","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/KiranNair?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14003453/4535968/16797452/s65_kiran.nair.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":700,"name":"Space Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Sciences?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":1911,"name":"International 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Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=772"},{"id":22068,"name":"Space Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Policy?f_ri=772"},{"id":23179,"name":"Astrophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrophysics?f_ri=772"},{"id":33240,"name":"Planetary exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planetary_exploration?f_ri=772"},{"id":37884,"name":"Space Exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Exploration?f_ri=772"},{"id":47599,"name":"Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astronomy?f_ri=772"},{"id":48803,"name":"Space Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Tourism?f_ri=772"},{"id":61024,"name":"Nasa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nasa?f_ri=772"},{"id":69799,"name":"Commercial Uses of Outer Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Uses_of_Outer_Space?f_ri=772"},{"id":70662,"name":"Outer Space Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outer_Space_Politics?f_ri=772"},{"id":70663,"name":"Outer Space Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outer_Space_Law?f_ri=772"},{"id":70665,"name":"Outer Space Military Applications/Programmes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outer_Space_Military_Applications_Programmes?f_ri=772"},{"id":128627,"name":"Space Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Security?f_ri=772"},{"id":160525,"name":"Space Travel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Travel?f_ri=772"},{"id":184185,"name":"Arms Control and Disarmament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arms_Control_and_Disarmament?f_ri=772"},{"id":275652,"name":"Interplanetary Mission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interplanetary_Mission?f_ri=772"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=772"},{"id":347666,"name":"Outer Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outer_Space?f_ri=772"},{"id":675513,"name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_and_Planetary_Sciences?f_ri=772"},{"id":1209741,"name":"Outer Space Habitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outer_Space_Habitation?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9711439" data-work_id="9711439" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9711439/Motivations_anthropologiques_fondamentales_propres_%C3%A0_orienter_une_transformation_biologique_artificielle_essai_de_m%C3%A9thodologie_prospective">Motivations anthropologiques fondamentales propres à orienter une transformation biologique artificielle : essai de méthodologie prospective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Les avancées scientifiques et techniques des sciences de la vie ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d’application à l’homme. Or, ces perspectives semblent défier l’analyse et la représentation, par la multitude des possibilités offertes, ce... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9711439" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Les avancées scientifiques et techniques des sciences de la vie ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d’application à l’homme. Or, ces perspectives semblent défier l’analyse et la représentation, par la multitude des possibilités offertes, ce qui fait problème. Pour remédier autant que possible à cette difficulté, nous avons proposé, dans un premier temps, de procéder à une analyse de la structure anthropologique de l’imaginaire humain pour discerner les grands types de réalisations auxquels l’humanité aspire. En effet, ces motivations profondes sont les plus puissants moteurs de l’histoire envisageables. En un second temps, il s’agissait de passer quelques unes de ces grandes motivations au crible de ce qui paraît scientifiquement et techniquement possible, afin de cerner assez rigoureusement quelques perspectives plausibles. Ainsi peut-on espérer formuler un essai de prospective philosophique raisonné, permettant pour partie d’éclairer la façon dont le développement des sciences de la vie va s’incarner en l’homme.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9711439" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d250dffa78b4a761b64b059bfc5e91c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35899840,"asset_id":9711439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35899840/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23195127" href="https://univ-lyon1.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meGoffette">Jérôme Goffette</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23195127" type="text/json">{"id":23195127,"first_name":"Jérôme","last_name":"Goffette","domain_name":"univ-lyon1","page_name":"JérômeGoffette","display_name":"Jérôme Goffette","profile_url":"https://univ-lyon1.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meGoffette?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23195127/6295481/7126782/s65_j_r_me.goffette.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9711439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9711439"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9711439, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9711439", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9711439]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9711439").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9711439").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9711439"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology">Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2923" type="text/json">{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21809" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Enhancement">Human Enhancement</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21809" type="text/json">{"id":21809,"name":"Human Enhancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Enhancement?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9711439]'), work: {"id":9711439,"title":"Motivations anthropologiques fondamentales propres à orienter une transformation biologique artificielle : essai de méthodologie prospective","created_at":"2014-12-10T09:22:36.812-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9711439/Motivations_anthropologiques_fondamentales_propres_%C3%A0_orienter_une_transformation_biologique_artificielle_essai_de_m%C3%A9thodologie_prospective?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_9711439","summary":"Les avancées scientifiques et techniques des sciences de la vie ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d’application à l’homme. Or, ces perspectives semblent défier l’analyse et la représentation, par la multitude des possibilités offertes, ce qui fait problème. Pour remédier autant que possible à cette difficulté, nous avons proposé, dans un premier temps, de procéder à une analyse de la structure anthropologique de l’imaginaire humain pour discerner les grands types de réalisations auxquels l’humanité aspire. En effet, ces motivations profondes sont les plus puissants moteurs de l’histoire envisageables. En un second temps, il s’agissait de passer quelques unes de ces grandes motivations au crible de ce qui paraît scientifiquement et techniquement possible, afin de cerner assez rigoureusement quelques perspectives plausibles. Ainsi peut-on espérer formuler un essai de prospective philosophique raisonné, permettant pour partie d’éclairer la façon dont le développement des sciences de la vie va s’incarner en l’homme.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35899840,"asset_id":9711439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23195127,"first_name":"Jérôme","last_name":"Goffette","domain_name":"univ-lyon1","page_name":"JérômeGoffette","display_name":"Jérôme Goffette","profile_url":"https://univ-lyon1.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meGoffette?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23195127/6295481/7126782/s65_j_r_me.goffette.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":21809,"name":"Human Enhancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Enhancement?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":442797,"name":"Anthropotechnics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropotechnics?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12084756" data-work_id="12084756" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12084756/Review_Tyler_Burge_Origins_of_Objectivity">Review Tyler Burge Origins of Objectivity </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/2352689/What_theological_reservations_might_be_raised_concerning_genetic_engineering_in_humans_How_might_those_reservations_be_countered">What theological reservations might be raised concerning genetic engineering in humans? 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="101799275" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/OLIVIERDUTOUR">OLIVIER DUTOUR</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="101799275" type="text/json">{"id":101799275,"first_name":"OLIVIER","last_name":"DUTOUR","domain_name":"ephe","page_name":"OLIVIERDUTOUR","display_name":"OLIVIER DUTOUR","profile_url":"https://ephe.academia.edu/OLIVIERDUTOUR?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47615469 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47615469"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47615469, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47615469", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47615469 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13344297/The_relationship_between_shape_symmetry_and_perceived_skin_condition_in_male_facial_attractiveness">The relationship between shape symmetry and perceived skin condition in male facial attractiveness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Studies have shown that male faces high in symmetry are judged more attractive than faces low in symmetry even in images where visual cues to facial symmetry are reduced. These findings suggest that there are correlates of facial symmetry... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13344297" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Studies have shown that male faces high in symmetry are judged more attractive than faces low in symmetry even in images where visual cues to facial symmetry are reduced. These findings suggest that there are correlates of facial symmetry that influence male facial attractiveness independently of symmetry itself. Apparent healthiness of facial skin is one factor that may influence male facial attractiveness and covary with facial symmetry. Here, using real and composite male faces, we found that males with symmetric faces were perceived as having healthier facial skin than males with relatively asymmetric faces (Study 1), and that facial colour and texture cues were sufficient to maintain an attractiveness -symmetry relationship when the influence of facial shape was minimised (Study 2). These findings suggest that colour and texture cues contribute to the relationship between attractiveness and symmetry in real faces. D 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13344297" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="042098c96b83ce56a1e707aaf87ab0f1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45445942,"asset_id":13344297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45445942/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32629510" href="https://stir.academia.edu/AnthonyLittle">Anthony Little</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32629510" type="text/json">{"id":32629510,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Little","domain_name":"stir","page_name":"AnthonyLittle","display_name":"Anthony Little","profile_url":"https://stir.academia.edu/AnthonyLittle?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32629510/9856101/10985696/s65_anthony.little.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13344297">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13344297"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/IanPentonVoak">Ian Penton-Voak</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aber.academia.edu/BernardTiddeman">Bernard Tiddeman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13344297'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13344297').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13344297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13344297"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13344297; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13344297]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13344297").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13344297").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13344297"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13344297]'), work: {"id":13344297,"title":"The relationship between shape symmetry and perceived skin condition in male facial attractiveness","created_at":"2015-06-27T03:49:39.961-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13344297/The_relationship_between_shape_symmetry_and_perceived_skin_condition_in_male_facial_attractiveness?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_13344297","summary":"Studies have shown that male faces high in symmetry are judged more attractive than faces low in symmetry even in images where visual cues to facial symmetry are reduced. These findings suggest that there are correlates of facial symmetry that influence male facial attractiveness independently of symmetry itself. Apparent healthiness of facial skin is one factor that may influence male facial attractiveness and covary with facial symmetry. Here, using real and composite male faces, we found that males with symmetric faces were perceived as having healthier facial skin than males with relatively asymmetric faces (Study 1), and that facial colour and texture cues were sufficient to maintain an attractiveness -symmetry relationship when the influence of facial shape was minimised (Study 2). These findings suggest that colour and texture cues contribute to the relationship between attractiveness and symmetry in real faces. D 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45445942,"asset_id":13344297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32629510,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Little","domain_name":"stir","page_name":"AnthonyLittle","display_name":"Anthony Little","profile_url":"https://stir.academia.edu/AnthonyLittle?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32629510/9856101/10985696/s65_anthony.little.jpg"},{"id":32583016,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Penton-Voak","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanPentonVoak","display_name":"Ian Penton-Voak","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanPentonVoak?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":15784944,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Tiddeman","domain_name":"aber","page_name":"BernardTiddeman","display_name":"Bernard Tiddeman","profile_url":"https://aber.academia.edu/BernardTiddeman?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15784944/8970381/10009440/s65_bernard.tiddeman.jpg_oh_0626893ddb3a9ff2c343c80580812352_oe_55dc45de___gda___1439737428_931674989f734cf696f3191d220f4052"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=772"},{"id":142118,"name":"Facial Attractiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_Attractiveness?f_ri=772"},{"id":313989,"name":"Visual Cues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Cues?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23995359 coauthored" data-work_id="23995359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23995359/Early_Pleistocene_aquatic_resource_use_in_the_Turkana_Basin">Early Pleistocene aquatic resource use in the Turkana Basin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Evidence for the acquisition of nutritionally dense food resources by early Pleistocene hominins has implications for both hominin biology and behavior. Aquatic fauna may have comprised a source of highly nutritious resources to hominins... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23995359" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Evidence for the acquisition of nutritionally dense food resources by early Pleistocene hominins has implications for both hominin biology and behavior. Aquatic fauna may have comprised a source of highly nutritious resources to hominins in the Turkana Basin at w1.95 Ma. Here we employ multiple datasets to examine the issue of aquatic resource use in the early Pleistocene. This study focuses on four components of aquatic faunal assemblages (1) taxonomic diversity, (2) skeletal element proportion, (3) bone fragmentation and (4) bone surface modification. These components are used to identify associations between early Pleistocene aquatic remains and hominin behavior at the site of FwJj20 in the Koobi Fora Fm. (Kenya). We focus on two dominant aquatic species: catfish and turtles. Further we suggest that data on aquatic resource availability as well as ethnographic examples of aquatic resource use complement our observations on the archaeological remains from FwJj20. Aquatic food items provided hominins with a valuable nutritional alternative to an exclusively terrestrial resource base. We argue that specific advantages afforded by an aquatic alternative to terrestrial resources include (1) a probable reduction in required investment of energy relative to economic return in the form of nutritionally dense food items, (2) a decrease in the technological costs of resource acquisition, and (3) a reduced level of inter-specific competition associated with carcass access and an associated reduction of predation risk relative to terrestrial sources of food. The combined evidence from FwJj20 suggests that aquatic resources may have played a substantial role in early Pleistocene diets and these resources may have been overlooked in previous interpretations of hominin behavior.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23995359" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a8e5172516186a0debd80eb9e069163a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44382417,"asset_id":23995359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44382417/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="278307" href="https://uct.academia.edu/DavidBraun">David Braun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="278307" type="text/json">{"id":278307,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Braun","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"DavidBraun","display_name":"David Braun","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/DavidBraun?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/278307/68293/103244/s65_david.braun.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-23995359">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-23995359"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MccoyJack">Jack Mccoy</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-23995359'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-23995359').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23995359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23995359"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23995359, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23995359", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23995359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23995359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23995359"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23995359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23995359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23995359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23995359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23995359").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23995359").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23995359"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23995359]'), work: {"id":23995359,"title":"Early Pleistocene aquatic resource use in the Turkana Basin","created_at":"2016-04-04T02:20:35.181-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23995359/Early_Pleistocene_aquatic_resource_use_in_the_Turkana_Basin?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_23995359","summary":"Evidence for the acquisition of nutritionally dense food resources by early Pleistocene hominins has implications for both hominin biology and behavior. Aquatic fauna may have comprised a source of highly nutritious resources to hominins in the Turkana Basin at w1.95 Ma. Here we employ multiple datasets to examine the issue of aquatic resource use in the early Pleistocene. This study focuses on four components of aquatic faunal assemblages (1) taxonomic diversity, (2) skeletal element proportion, (3) bone fragmentation and (4) bone surface modification. These components are used to identify associations between early Pleistocene aquatic remains and hominin behavior at the site of FwJj20 in the Koobi Fora Fm. (Kenya). We focus on two dominant aquatic species: catfish and turtles. Further we suggest that data on aquatic resource availability as well as ethnographic examples of aquatic resource use complement our observations on the archaeological remains from FwJj20. Aquatic food items provided hominins with a valuable nutritional alternative to an exclusively terrestrial resource base. We argue that specific advantages afforded by an aquatic alternative to terrestrial resources include (1) a probable reduction in required investment of energy relative to economic return in the form of nutritionally dense food items, (2) a decrease in the technological costs of resource acquisition, and (3) a reduced level of inter-specific competition associated with carcass access and an associated reduction of predation risk relative to terrestrial sources of food. The combined evidence from FwJj20 suggests that aquatic resources may have played a substantial role in early Pleistocene diets and these resources may have been overlooked in previous interpretations of hominin behavior.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44382417,"asset_id":23995359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":278307,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Braun","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"DavidBraun","display_name":"David Braun","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/DavidBraun?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/278307/68293/103244/s65_david.braun.jpg"},{"id":47304579,"first_name":"Jack","last_name":"Mccoy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MccoyJack","display_name":"Jack Mccoy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MccoyJack?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=772"},{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=772"},{"id":90326,"name":"Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossils?f_ri=772"},{"id":112169,"name":"Turtles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turtles?f_ri=772"},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=772"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":314868,"name":"Seafood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seafood?f_ri=772"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=772"},{"id":1256683,"name":"Bone and Bones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_and_Bones?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21054913 coauthored" data-work_id="21054913" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21054913/Relevance_of_aquatic_environments_for_hominins_a_case_study_from_Trinil_Java_Indonesia_">Relevance of aquatic environments for hominins: a case study from Trinil (Java, Indonesia)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Knowledge about dietary niche is key to understanding hominin evolution, since diet influences body proportions, brain size, cognition, and habitat preference. In this study we provide ecological context for the current debate on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21054913" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Knowledge about dietary niche is key to understanding hominin evolution, since diet influences body proportions, brain size, cognition, and habitat preference. In this study we provide ecological context for the current debate on modernity (or not) of aquatic resource exploitation by hominins. We use the Homo erectus site of Trinil as a case study to investigate how research questions on possible dietary relevance of aquatic environments can be addressed. Faunal and geochemical analysis of aquatic fossils from Trinil Hauptknochenschicht (HK) fauna demonstrate that Trinil at w1.5 Ma contained near-coastal rivers, lakes, swamp forests, lagoons, and marshes with minor marine influence, laterally grading into grasslands. Trinil HK environments yielded at least eleven edible mollusc species and four edible fish species that could be procured with no or minimal technology. We demonstrate that, from an ecological point of view, the default assumption should be that omnivorous hominins in coastal habitats with catchable aquatic fauna could have consumed aquatic resources. The hypothesis of aquatic exploitation can be tested with taphonomic analysis of aquatic fossils associated with hominin fossils. We show that midden-like characteristics of large bivalve shell assemblages containing Pseudodon and Elongaria from Trinil HK indicate deliberate collection by a selective agent, possibly hominin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21054913" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87748f760ed8af588cd3a812514b89b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41692345,"asset_id":21054913,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41692345/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42277105" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DKroon">D. Kroon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42277105" type="text/json">{"id":42277105,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Kroon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DKroon","display_name":"D. Kroon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DKroon?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-21054913">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-21054913"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HVonhof">H. 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In this study we provide ecological context for the current debate on modernity (or not) of aquatic resource exploitation by hominins. We use the Homo erectus site of Trinil as a case study to investigate how research questions on possible dietary relevance of aquatic environments can be addressed. Faunal and geochemical analysis of aquatic fossils from Trinil Hauptknochenschicht (HK) fauna demonstrate that Trinil at w1.5 Ma contained near-coastal rivers, lakes, swamp forests, lagoons, and marshes with minor marine influence, laterally grading into grasslands. Trinil HK environments yielded at least eleven edible mollusc species and four edible fish species that could be procured with no or minimal technology. We demonstrate that, from an ecological point of view, the default assumption should be that omnivorous hominins in coastal habitats with catchable aquatic fauna could have consumed aquatic resources. The hypothesis of aquatic exploitation can be tested with taphonomic analysis of aquatic fossils associated with hominin fossils. We show that midden-like characteristics of large bivalve shell assemblages containing Pseudodon and Elongaria from Trinil HK indicate deliberate collection by a selective agent, possibly hominin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41692345,"asset_id":21054913,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42277105,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Kroon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DKroon","display_name":"D. Kroon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DKroon?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42342557,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Vonhof","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HVonhof","display_name":"H. Vonhof","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HVonhof?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=772"},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=772"},{"id":41720,"name":"Human","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human?f_ri=772"},{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=772"},{"id":84725,"name":"Reptiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reptiles?f_ri=772"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=772"},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=772"},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=772"},{"id":135875,"name":"Homo Erectus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Erectus?f_ri=772"},{"id":175619,"name":"Mollusca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mollusca?f_ri=772"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=772"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=772"},{"id":676700,"name":"Habitat Preference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Preference?f_ri=772"},{"id":832985,"name":"Strontium Isotopes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strontium_Isotopes?f_ri=772"},{"id":892890,"name":"Point of View","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Point_of_View?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1890938" data-work_id="1890938" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1890938/The_Fourth_Brain">The Fourth Brain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An integrated philosophy for life and reconnecting ourselves to Nature and the Invisible.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1890938" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68c22b24eb858ca1e8207685d00364b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":26970972,"asset_id":1890938,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26970972/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="274562" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianTutundjiandeVartavan">Christian Tutundjian de Vartavan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="274562" type="text/json">{"id":274562,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Tutundjian de Vartavan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristianTutundjiandeVartavan","display_name":"Christian Tutundjian de Vartavan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianTutundjiandeVartavan?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/274562/56844/112724608/s65_christian.tutundjian_de_vartavan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1890938 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1890938"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1890938, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1890938", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1890938 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1890938]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1890938").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1890938").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1890938"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1241" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Management">Knowledge Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1241" type="text/json">{"id":1241,"name":"Knowledge Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Management?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6555" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shamanism">Shamanism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6555" type="text/json">{"id":6555,"name":"Shamanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shamanism?f_ri=772","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1890938]'), work: {"id":1890938,"title":"The Fourth Brain","created_at":"2012-08-28T05:08:15.318-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1890938/The_Fourth_Brain?f_ri=772","dom_id":"work_1890938","summary":"An integrated philosophy for life and reconnecting ourselves to Nature and the Invisible.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":26970972,"asset_id":1890938,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":274562,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Tutundjian de Vartavan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristianTutundjiandeVartavan","display_name":"Christian Tutundjian de Vartavan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianTutundjiandeVartavan?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/274562/56844/112724608/s65_christian.tutundjian_de_vartavan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":1241,"name":"Knowledge Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Management?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":6555,"name":"Shamanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shamanism?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":12349,"name":"Spirituality \u0026 Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Mysticism?f_ri=772"},{"id":33319,"name":"Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature?f_ri=772"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=772"},{"id":36621,"name":"Happiness and Well Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Happiness_and_Well_Being?f_ri=772"},{"id":298104,"name":"Trance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trance?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77499251" data-work_id="77499251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77499251/The_archaeology_chronology_and_stratigraphy_of_Madjedbebe_Malakunanja_II_A_site_in_northern_Australia_with_early_occupation">The archaeology, chronology and stratigraphy of Madjedbebe (Malakunanja II): A site in northern Australia with early occupation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Published ages of >50 ka for occupation at Madjedbebe (Malakunanja II) in Australia's north have kept the site prominent in discussions about the colonisation of Sahul. The site also contains one of the largest stone artefact assemblages... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77499251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Published ages of >50 ka for occupation at Madjedbebe (Malakunanja II) in Australia's north have kept the site prominent in discussions about the colonisation of Sahul. The site also contains one of the largest stone artefact assemblages in Sahul for this early period. However, the stone artefacts and other important archaeological components of the site have never been described in detail, leading to persistent doubts about its stratigraphic integrity. We report on our analysis of the stone artefacts and faunal and other materials recovered during the 1989 excavations, as well as the stratigraphy and depositional history recorded by the original excavators. We demonstrate that the technology and raw materials of the early assemblage are distinctive from those in the overlying layers. Silcrete and quartzite artefacts are common in the early assemblage, which also includes edge-ground axe fragments and ground haematite. The lower flaked stone assemblage is distinctive, comprising a mix of long convergent flakes, some radial flakes with faceted platforms, and many small thin silcrete flakes that we interpret as thinning flakes. Residue and use-wear analysis indicate occasional grinding of haematite and woodworking, as well as frequent abrading of platform edges on thinning flakes. We conclude that previous claims of extensive displacement of artefacts and post-depositional disturbance may have been overstated. The stone artefacts and stratigraphic details support previous claims for human occupation 50 e60 ka and show that human occupation during this time differed from later periods. We discuss the implications of these new data for understanding the first human colonisation of Sahul.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77499251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b6cf50e94bc370fd65867267a82ba4b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84848134,"asset_id":77499251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84848134/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3748669" href="https://uwa.academia.edu/RichardFullagar">Richard L K Fullagar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3748669" type="text/json">{"id":3748669,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Fullagar","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"RichardFullagar","display_name":"Richard L K Fullagar","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/RichardFullagar?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3748669/1349688/1667680/s65_richard.fullagar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77499251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77499251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77499251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77499251", }); 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The site also contains one of the largest stone artefact assemblages in Sahul for this early period. However, the stone artefacts and other important archaeological components of the site have never been described in detail, leading to persistent doubts about its stratigraphic integrity. We report on our analysis of the stone artefacts and faunal and other materials recovered during the 1989 excavations, as well as the stratigraphy and depositional history recorded by the original excavators. We demonstrate that the technology and raw materials of the early assemblage are distinctive from those in the overlying layers. Silcrete and quartzite artefacts are common in the early assemblage, which also includes edge-ground axe fragments and ground haematite. The lower flaked stone assemblage is distinctive, comprising a mix of long convergent flakes, some radial flakes with faceted platforms, and many small thin silcrete flakes that we interpret as thinning flakes. Residue and use-wear analysis indicate occasional grinding of haematite and woodworking, as well as frequent abrading of platform edges on thinning flakes. We conclude that previous claims of extensive displacement of artefacts and post-depositional disturbance may have been overstated. The stone artefacts and stratigraphic details support previous claims for human occupation 50 e60 ka and show that human occupation during this time differed from later periods. We discuss the implications of these new data for understanding the first human colonisation of Sahul.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84848134,"asset_id":77499251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3748669,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Fullagar","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"RichardFullagar","display_name":"Richard L K Fullagar","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/RichardFullagar?f_ri=772","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3748669/1349688/1667680/s65_richard.fullagar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772"},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772"},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=772"},{"id":5439,"name":"Australian Indigenous Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Indigenous_Archaeology?f_ri=772"},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=772"},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=772"},{"id":66892,"name":"Chronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronology?f_ri=772"},{"id":79747,"name":"Colonisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonisation?f_ri=772"},{"id":91628,"name":"Modern Human Origins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Human_Origins?f_ri=772"},{"id":109317,"name":"out of Africa human dispersals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/out_of_Africa_human_dispersals?f_ri=772"},{"id":172678,"name":"Artifacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artifacts?f_ri=772"},{"id":185179,"name":"Pleistocene Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene_Archaeology?f_ri=772"},{"id":1008093,"name":"Occupations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupations?f_ri=772"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61843649" data-work_id="61843649" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61843649/Nassarius_kraussianus_shell_beads_from_Blombos_Cave_evidence_for_symbolic_behaviour_in_the_Middle_Stone_Age">Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since 1991, excavations at Blombos Cave have yielded a well-preserved sample of faunal and cultural material in Middle Stone Age (MSA) levels. The uppermost MSA phase, M1, is dated to c. 75 ka by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61843649" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since 1991, excavations at Blombos Cave have yielded a well-preserved sample of faunal and cultural material in Middle Stone Age (MSA) levels. The uppermost MSA phase, M1, is dated to c. 75 ka by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence, and the middle M2 phase to a provisional c. 78 ka. Artefacts unusual in a MSA context from these phases include bifacial points, bone tools, engraved ochre and engraved bone. In this paper, we describe forty-one marine tick shell beads recovered from these MSA phases and tick shell beads from Later Stone Age (LSA) levels at Blombos Cave and the Die Kelders site. Thirty-nine shell beads come from the upper M1 phase and two from M2. Morphometric, taphonomic and microscopic analysis of modern assemblages of living and dead tick shell demonstrate that the presence of perforated Nassarius kraussianus shells in the Blombos MSA levels cannot be due to natural processes or accidental transport by humans. The types of perforation seen on the MSA shells are absent on modern accumulations of dead shells and not attributable to post-depositional damage. Their location, size, and microscopic features are similar to those obtained experimentally by piercing the shell wall, through the aperture, with a sharp bone point. Use-wear, recorded on the perforation edge, the outer lip, and the parietal wall of the aperture indicates the shells having being strung and worn. MSA shell beads differ significantly in size, perforation type, wear pattern and shade compared to LSA beads and this eliminates the possibility of mixing across respective levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61843649" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d13664f55d33e8f5d10fd5a18b81af6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74775778,"asset_id":61843649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74775778/download_file?st=MTczOTgxMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="208575308" href="https://uib.academia.edu/CHenshilwood">Christopher Henshilwood</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="208575308" type="text/json">{"id":208575308,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Henshilwood","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"CHenshilwood","display_name":"Christopher Henshilwood","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/CHenshilwood?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61843649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61843649"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61843649, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61843649", }); 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The uppermost MSA phase, M1, is dated to c. 75 ka by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence, and the middle M2 phase to a provisional c. 78 ka. Artefacts unusual in a MSA context from these phases include bifacial points, bone tools, engraved ochre and engraved bone. In this paper, we describe forty-one marine tick shell beads recovered from these MSA phases and tick shell beads from Later Stone Age (LSA) levels at Blombos Cave and the Die Kelders site. Thirty-nine shell beads come from the upper M1 phase and two from M2. Morphometric, taphonomic and microscopic analysis of modern assemblages of living and dead tick shell demonstrate that the presence of perforated Nassarius kraussianus shells in the Blombos MSA levels cannot be due to natural processes or accidental transport by humans. The types of perforation seen on the MSA shells are absent on modern accumulations of dead shells and not attributable to post-depositional damage. Their location, size, and microscopic features are similar to those obtained experimentally by piercing the shell wall, through the aperture, with a sharp bone point. Use-wear, recorded on the perforation edge, the outer lip, and the parietal wall of the aperture indicates the shells having being strung and worn. MSA shell beads differ significantly in size, perforation type, wear pattern and shade compared to LSA beads and this eliminates the possibility of mixing across respective levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74775778,"asset_id":61843649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":208575308,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Henshilwood","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"CHenshilwood","display_name":"Christopher Henshilwood","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/CHenshilwood?f_ri=772","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=772","nofollow":true},{"id":3091,"name":"Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy?f_ri=772"},{"id":41720,"name":"Human","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human?f_ri=772"},{"id":42758,"name":"Mesolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic?f_ri=772"},{"id":48310,"name":"Cave","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cave?f_ri=772"},{"id":72667,"name":"Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behaviour?f_ri=772"},{"id":99198,"name":"Chalcolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic?f_ri=772"},{"id":113615,"name":"Middle Stone 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