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The book is divided into two parts: the first focuses on historical context and Ibn Taymiyya's critiques of established theological concepts, while the second delves into his ontology, philosophy, and epistemology as they pertain to divine attributes. 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Carl Sharif El-Tobgui's study of Ibn Taymiyya's work Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa-l-naql offers a detailed examination of the interplay between reason and revelation in Islamic thought. The book is divided into two parts: the first focuses on historical context and Ibn Taymiyya's critiques of established theological concepts, while the second delves into his ontology, philosophy, and epistemology as they pertain to divine attributes. El-Tobgui's analysis not only illuminates Ibn Taymiyya's intellectual contributions but also addresses their significance in contemporary discussions on modernity within Islamic discourse.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":64870861,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/44449007/Book_Review_Ibn_Taymiyya_on_Reason_and_Revelation_A_Study_of_Dar%CA%BE_ta%CA%BF%C4%81ru%E1%B8%8D_al_%CA%BFaql_wa_l_naql"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":64870861,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/44449007/Book_Review_Ibn_Taymiyya_on_Reason_and_Revelation_A_Study_of_Dar%CA%BE_ta%CA%BF%C4%81ru%E1%B8%8D_al_%CA%BFaql_wa_l_naql"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Edited by Yossef Rapoport and Shahab Ahmed - in 'Die Welt des Islams'","attachmentId":34603612,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4699642/Book_Review_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_His_Times_Edited_by_Yossef_Rapoport_and_Shahab_Ahmed_in_Die_Welt_des_Islams","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4699642/Book_Review_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_His_Times_Edited_by_Yossef_Rapoport_and_Shahab_Ahmed_in_Die_Welt_des_Islams"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="41440695" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41440695/Ibn_Taymiyya_on_Reason_and_Revelation_A_Study_of_Dar%CA%BE_ta%CA%BF%C4%81ru%E1%B8%8D_al_%CA%BFaql_wa_l_naql_C_S_El_Tobgui_pdf">Ibn Taymiyya on Reason and Revelation: A Study of Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa-l-naql (C.S. El-Tobgui).pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6317899" href="https://brandeis.academia.edu/CElTobgui">Carl Sharif El-Tobgui (كارل شريف الطوبجي)</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">E.J. Brill -- Open Access (https://brill.com/view/title/55796), 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In "Ibn Taymiyya on Reason and Revelation," Carl Sharif El-Tobgui offers the first comprehensive study of Ibn Taymiyya's ten-volume magnum opus, Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa-l-naql (Refutation of the contradiction of reason and revelation). In his colossal riposte to the Muslim philosophers and rationalist theologians, the towering Ḥanbalī polymath rejects the call to prioritize reason over revelation in cases of alleged conflict, interrogating instead the very conception of rationality that classical Muslims had inherited from the Greeks. In its place, he endeavors to articulate a reconstituted "pure reason" that is both truly universal and in full harmony with authentic revelation. Based on a line-by-line reading of the entire Darʾ taʿāruḍ, El-Tobgui's study carefully elucidates the "philosophy of Ibn Taymiyya" as it emerges from the multifaceted ontological, epistemological, and linguistic reforms Ibn Taymiyya carries out in this pivotal work.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ibn Taymiyya on Reason and Revelation: A Study of Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa-l-naql (C.S. 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Georges Tamer and Birgit Krawietz (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2013)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2329645" href="https://bc.academia.edu/JasonWelle">Jason Welle</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Islamochristiana, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, ed. Georges Tamer and Birgit Krawietz (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2013)","attachmentId":53196190,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33098517/Review_of_Islamic_Theology_Philosophy_and_Law_Debating_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_Ibn_Qayyim_al_Jawziyya_ed_Georges_Tamer_and_Birgit_Krawietz_Berlin_De_Gruyter_2013_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33098517/Review_of_Islamic_Theology_Philosophy_and_Law_Debating_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_Ibn_Qayyim_al_Jawziyya_ed_Georges_Tamer_and_Birgit_Krawietz_Berlin_De_Gruyter_2013_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="79607315" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79607315/Ibn_Taymiyya_on_the_Incoherence_of_the_Theologians_Universal_Law_Reframing_the_Debate_between_Reason_and_Revelation_in_Medieval_Islam">Ibn Taymiyya on the Incoherence of the Theologians’ Universal Law: Reframing the Debate between Reason and Revelation in Medieval Islam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6317899" href="https://brandeis.academia.edu/CElTobgui">Carl Sharif El-Tobgui (كارل شريف الطوبجي)</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 1970</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article analyzes the overarching themes and goals of Ibn Taymiyya’s roughly forty arguments against the philosophers’ and theologians’ “Universal Law” for the figurative interpretation of scripture, to which he dedicates approximately 500 pages of his 10-volume Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa’l-naql. While Ibn Taymiyya himself presents these arguments in a disjointed and seemingly random fashion, this study demonstrates that by carefully breaking down, regrouping, and reconstructing them, we can discern a coherent attempt on Ibn Taymiyya’s part to reconfigure the very terms of the debate between reason and revelation in medieval Islam in several important ways. Firstly, he deconstructs what it means for reason to “ground” our knowledge of revelation. Next, he redefines the opposition at stake not as one of “reason vs. revelation,” but as a purely epistemological question of certainty vs. conjecture, with both reason and revelation serving as potential sources of both kinds of knowledge...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ibn Taymiyya on the Incoherence of the Theologians’ Universal Law: Reframing the Debate between Reason and Revelation in Medieval Islam","attachmentId":86264152,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79607315/Ibn_Taymiyya_on_the_Incoherence_of_the_Theologians_Universal_Law_Reframing_the_Debate_between_Reason_and_Revelation_in_Medieval_Islam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79607315/Ibn_Taymiyya_on_the_Incoherence_of_the_Theologians_Universal_Law_Reframing_the_Debate_between_Reason_and_Revelation_in_Medieval_Islam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="14081605" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14081605/Appeal_to_the_Ideas_of_Ibn_Taymiyyah_in_Modern_and_Contemporary_History">Appeal to the Ideas of Ibn Taymiyyah in Modern and Contemporary History</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3867014" href="https://spbu.academia.edu/AnnaMatochkina">Anna Matochkina</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article provides a short overview of thoughts of the medieval muslim theologian Ibn Taymiyya, it offers the history of appeal to his ideas and the reasons why they are in demand. To a great extent the teaching of Ibn Taymiyyah became widely known through his influence on the formation of the Wahhabi movement. The demand for Ibn Taymiyyah’s thoughts in Modern and Contemporary History allows to draw a conclusion about timelessness of the issues he considered and the enhancement of the value of religion in the transition periods in the history of Muslim society.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Appeal to the Ideas of Ibn Taymiyyah in Modern and Contemporary History","attachmentId":38198460,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14081605/Appeal_to_the_Ideas_of_Ibn_Taymiyyah_in_Modern_and_Contemporary_History","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14081605/Appeal_to_the_Ideas_of_Ibn_Taymiyyah_in_Modern_and_Contemporary_History"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="68259352" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68259352/Call_for_papers_international_conference_Ibn_Taymiyyas_Thought_Corpus_Reception_and_Legacy_MMSH_Aix_Marseille_University_Aix_en_Provence_9_10_November_2022">Call for papers international conference: Ibn Taymiyya's Thought: Corpus, Reception and Legacy, MMSH/Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, 9-10 November, 2022</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10670362" href="https://ifporient.academia.edu/MehdiBERRIAH">Mehdi BERRIAH</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Over the past two decades, the growing number of works on Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) confirms the ever-growing interest of scholars in the famous Ḥanbalī theologian of Damascus who is undeniably one of the most studied and well-known medieval Muslim theologians both in the Arab world and in the West. This is due to his numerous works on a wide range of subjects, in which a rich and complex writings which still influence to a certain extent contemporary Islam. As a result, Ibn Taymiyya is more often (mis)quoted than understood in addition to be often wrongly described as “fanatical”, “rigorist” and “radical” (Makdisi, L’Islam hanbalisant, 57-58, 61, 67; Rapoport and Shahab, Ibn Taymiyya and His Time, 4; Michot, “Ibn Taymiyya et le mythe du grand méchant barbu”, 35-54.). The flowering of studies on the shaykh over the last two decades has broadened our knowledge of his work and thought, including his position in matters of dogma, Sufism, logic, philosophy, politics but also the reading and reception of his writings after his death and during the modern period (Caterina Bori). There nevertheless remains much ground to be covered in all these topics of research. This conference seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the “Ibn Taymiyya phenomenon” (Little, “Did Ibn Taymiyya Have a Screw Loose?”) by providing a platform for specialists in the field to present and share their latest findings. The frame of the conference is widely defined and may include papers on Ibn Taymiyya himself, his students and followers, or the influence of his intellectual legacy in later times. Participants are encouraged to propose a paper on any new or little-studied aspect related to Ibn Taymiyya’s thought and legacy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Call for papers international conference: Ibn Taymiyya's Thought: Corpus, Reception and Legacy, MMSH/Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, 9-10 November, 2022","attachmentId":90200113,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68259352/Call_for_papers_international_conference_Ibn_Taymiyyas_Thought_Corpus_Reception_and_Legacy_MMSH_Aix_Marseille_University_Aix_en_Provence_9_10_November_2022","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68259352/Call_for_papers_international_conference_Ibn_Taymiyyas_Thought_Corpus_Reception_and_Legacy_MMSH_Aix_Marseille_University_Aix_en_Provence_9_10_November_2022"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="37556421" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37556421/Ibn_Taymiyya_on_the_Incoherence_of_the_Theologians_Universal_Law_C_S_El_Tobgui_pdf">Ibn Taymiyya on the Incoherence of the Theologians' Universal Law (C.S. El-Tobgui).pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6317899" href="https://brandeis.academia.edu/CElTobgui">Carl Sharif El-Tobgui (كارل شريف الطوبجي)</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies -- Open Access, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article analyzes the overarching themes and goals of Ibn Taymiyya's roughly forty arguments against the philosophers' and theologians' "Universal Law" for the figurative interpretation of scripture, to which he dedicates approximately 500 pages of his 10-volume Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa'l-naql. While Ibn Taymiyya himself presents these arguments in a disjointed and seemingly random fashion, this study demonstrates that by carefully breaking down, regrouping, and reconstructing them, we can discern a coherent attempt on Ibn Taymiyya's part to reconfigure the very terms of the debate between reason and revelation in medieval Islam in several important ways. Firstly, he deconstructs what it means for reason to "ground" our knowledge of revelation. Next, he redefines the opposition at stake not as one of "reason vs. revelation" but as a purely epistemological question of certainty vs. conjecture, with both reason and revelation serving as potential sources of both kinds of knowledge. Finally, he builds on this insight to replace the dichotomy "sharʿī–ʿaqlī," in the sense of "revelational vs. rational," with the dichotomy "sharʿī– bidʿī," in the sense of "scripturally validated vs. scripturally non-validated," arguing that revelation itself both commends and exemplifies the valid use of reason and rational argumentation. By this move, Ibn Taymiyya attempts to introduce a new paradigm in which it is the epistemic quality of a piece of knowledge alone that counts, simultaneously subsuming reason itself into the larger category of "sharʿī," or revelationally validated, sources of knowledge.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ibn Taymiyya on the Incoherence of the Theologians' Universal Law (C.S. El-Tobgui).pdf","attachmentId":57539130,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37556421/Ibn_Taymiyya_on_the_Incoherence_of_the_Theologians_Universal_Law_C_S_El_Tobgui_pdf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37556421/Ibn_Taymiyya_on_the_Incoherence_of_the_Theologians_Universal_Law_C_S_El_Tobgui_pdf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="35921651" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35921651/_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_His_Asharite_Opponents_on_Reason_and_Revelation_Similarities_Differences_and_a_Vicious_Circle_">“Ibn Taymiyya and His Ash'arite Opponents on Reason and Revelation: Similarities, Differences, and a Vicious Circle.”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1898210" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/FrankGriffel">Frank Griffel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Muslim World, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ibn Taymiyya’s (d. 728/1328) harsh polemics and his polarizing attitude toward disputes with his opponents pose obstacles for identifying similarities between their positions and the ones that he holds. This article wishes to shed light on two important issues connected with Ibn Taymiyya’s "Rejecting the Notion That Revelation and Reason Contradict Each Other" ("Dar’ ta’aruḍ al-‘aql wa-l-naql"). The first is the position that Ibn Taymiyya is arguing against in the initial passages of this book. Given that it presents itself as a work of refutation (radd), what exactly is it trying to refute at the outset? The second is the position Ibn Taymiyya develops in response to the views he rejects. The two questions are closely connected and have - despite several attempts - not yet received a satisfactory answer in the available secondary literature. One of the results of this study is that Ibn Taymiyya’s own position on the relationship between reason and revelation shows very significant similarities with that of his Ashʿarite opponents. Another result of this paper is the insight that Ibn Taymiyya’s reception of and his reaction to the Ashʿarite position on the priority of reason over revelation leads him into a circular argument about the authority of reason and revelation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Ibn Taymiyya and His Ash'arite Opponents on Reason and Revelation: Similarities, Differences, and a Vicious Circle.”","attachmentId":55803109,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35921651/_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_His_Asharite_Opponents_on_Reason_and_Revelation_Similarities_Differences_and_a_Vicious_Circle_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35921651/_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_His_Asharite_Opponents_on_Reason_and_Revelation_Similarities_Differences_and_a_Vicious_Circle_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="2127442" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2127442/_God_Acts_by_His_Will_and_Power_Ibn_Taymiyya_s_Theology_of_a_Personal_God_in_his_Treatise_on_the_Voluntary_Attributes_in_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_His_Times_ed_Yossef_Rapoport_and_Shahab_Ahmed_Karachi_Oxford_University_Press_2010_55_77">“God Acts by His Will and Power: Ibn Taymiyya’s Theology of a Personal God in his Treatise on the Voluntary Attributes,” in Ibn Taymiyya and His Times, ed. Yossef Rapoport and Shahab Ahmed (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2010), 55-77.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="518051" href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/JonHoover">Jon Hoover</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“God Acts by His Will and Power: Ibn Taymiyya’s Theology of a Personal God in his Treatise on the Voluntary Attributes,” in Ibn Taymiyya and His Times, ed. Yossef Rapoport and Shahab Ahmed (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2010), 55-77.","attachmentId":84780075,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2127442/_God_Acts_by_His_Will_and_Power_Ibn_Taymiyya_s_Theology_of_a_Personal_God_in_his_Treatise_on_the_Voluntary_Attributes_in_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_His_Times_ed_Yossef_Rapoport_and_Shahab_Ahmed_Karachi_Oxford_University_Press_2010_55_77","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2127442/_God_Acts_by_His_Will_and_Power_Ibn_Taymiyya_s_Theology_of_a_Personal_God_in_his_Treatise_on_the_Voluntary_Attributes_in_Ibn_Taymiyya_and_His_Times_ed_Yossef_Rapoport_and_Shahab_Ahmed_Karachi_Oxford_University_Press_2010_55_77"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64870861,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64870861,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_64870861" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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