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href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidenswerkzeug" title="Leidenswerkzeug – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leidenswerkzeug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumenti_della_Passione" title="Strumenti della Passione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Strumenti della Passione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiewerktuigen" title="Passiewerktuigen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Passiewerktuigen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narz%C4%99dzia_M%C4%99ki_Pa%C5%84skiej" title="Narzędzia Męki Pańskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Narzędzia Męki Pańskiej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arma Christi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1240885#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows_between_Four_Angels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows_between_Four_Angels.jpg/220px-Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows_between_Four_Angels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows_between_Four_Angels.jpg/330px-Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows_between_Four_Angels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows_between_Four_Angels.jpg/440px-Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows_between_Four_Angels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption><i>Christ as <a href="/wiki/Man_of_Sorrows" title="Man of Sorrows">Man of Sorrows</a> between Four Angels</i>, <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a> by <a href="/wiki/Master_E._S." title="Master E. S.">Master E. S.</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1460</span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Arma Christi</b> ("weapons of Christ"), or the <b>Instruments of the Passion</b>, are the objects associated with the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus Christ</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Christian symbolism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">art</a>. They are seen as <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">arms</a> in the sense of <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>, and also as the weapons Christ used to achieve his conquest over <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>. There is a group, at a maximum of about 20 items, which are frequently used in Christian art, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>. Typically they surround either a cross or a figure of Christ of the <a href="/wiki/Man_of_Sorrows" title="Man of Sorrows">Man of Sorrows</a> type, either placed around the composition, or held by angels. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prime member, the Cross, had been introduced to Christian art in the 4th century as the <i>crux invicta</i>, a symbol of victory. As a group they have a long tradition in <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a>, dating back to the 9th century; the <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Psalter" title="Utrecht Psalter">Utrecht Psalter</a> of 830 is an example, though the only one from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a> known to <a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Schiller" title="Gertrud Schiller">Gertrud Schiller</a>. This reflected an increase in theological interest in the sufferings of Christ at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> poem <i>Arma Christi</i>, which appeared before the end of the 14th century, exists in fifteen manuscripts, attesting to its popularity, of which seven are engrossed in highly unusual scroll form, designed to be displayed in church as a pictorial aid to public devotion; manuscripts of <i>Arma Christi</i> are generally accompanied by illustrations of the instruments, viewing of which, according to the texts, granted <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgence</a> of a certain number of days in <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a> to come.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relics of the most important items had a long history, dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Empress_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Helena">Empress Helena</a>'s discovery of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> in the early 4th century. <a href="/wiki/Relics_attributed_to_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics attributed to Jesus">Relics</a> claiming to be the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Holy Lance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sponge" title="Holy Sponge">Holy Sponge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Chalice" title="Holy Chalice">Holy Chalice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nail_(relic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nail (relic)">nails from the cross</a> were all venerated well before 1000, and were to proliferate in later centuries. There was a wave of new relics in the West at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">Crusades</a>, and a further wave as the Instruments became featured more prominently in devotional literature and practices in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In art the Instruments either surrounded an image of Christ in <a href="/wiki/Andachtsbilder" title="Andachtsbilder">andachtsbilder</a> subjects such as the <a href="/wiki/Man_of_Sorrows" title="Man of Sorrows">Man of Sorrows</a>, or might appear by themselves - often the image of Christ's face on the <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">Veil of Veronica</a> was the focal point of the image. In both cases the purpose of the representations was to symbolize the sufferings of Christ during his Passion. They had the practical advantage for less accomplished artists of being much easier to represent than human figures, and were no doubt often treated as a subject an apprentice could be left to do. Possibly the earliest representation of the isolated instruments laid out across a space is in a drawing in a German manuscript of about 1175, where they are to one side of a <a href="/wiki/Christ_in_Majesty" title="Christ in Majesty">Christ in Majesty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In devotional books they were sometimes, by the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, shown one at a time, accompanying one of the many texts that devoted meditations in turn to the episodes in which each had been used, before culminating in a figure subject with Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miniature versions of the objects were attached to rosaries and crucifixes, and used as aids to contemplation of the suffering of Christ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Instruments">The Instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depictions of the Instruments of the Passion may include many combinations of those following (though the cross of Jesus is almost always represented). A primary group of the most frequently used instruments can be distinguished: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passion-instruments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Passion-instruments.jpg/220px-Passion-instruments.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Passion-instruments.jpg/330px-Passion-instruments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Passion-instruments.jpg/440px-Passion-instruments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The instruments of the Passion. Left to right: the cross of the penitent thief Dismas, ladder, sponge on reed, hammer, angels, Cross of Christ, cock, star, pincers, ladder, spear, cross of the wicked thief Gestas, and two hyssop plants growing from the ground (Église Saint-Pierre de Collonges-la-Rouge)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passion-instruments-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Passion-instruments-2.jpg/220px-Passion-instruments-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Passion-instruments-2.jpg/330px-Passion-instruments-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Passion-instruments-2.jpg/440px-Passion-instruments-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption>The instruments of the Passion (cont). Left to right: chalice, torch, lantern, sword, flagellum, pillar of flagellation, Veronica's veil, 30 pieces of silver, dice, reed sceptre, hand which struck Christ, torch, pitcher of gall and vinegar</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Cross">Cross</a> on which Jesus was crucified (<a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a>), either depicted alone or with the crosses of the two thieves</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Thorns">Crown of Thorns</a></li> <li>The pillar or <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">column</a> where Jesus was whipped in the <a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation of Christ</a></li> <li>The whip(s), in Germany often birches, used for the 39 lashes</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sponge" title="Holy Sponge">Holy Sponge</a> set on a reed, with which <a href="/wiki/Anodyne" title="Anodyne">gall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> were offered to Jesus</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Holy Lance</a> with which a Roman soldier inflicted the final of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Wounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Wounds">Five Wounds</a> in his side</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nail_(relic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nail (relic)">Nails</a>, inflicting four wounds on the hands and feet</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">Veil of Veronica</a></li></ul> <p>Other common ones are: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Reed_(plant)" title="Reed (plant)">reed</a> which was placed in Jesus' hand as a <a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">sceptre</a> in mockery</li> <li>The purple <a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">robe</a> of mockery</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Titulus_Crucis" title="Titulus Crucis">Titulus Crucis</a>, attached to the Cross. It may be inscribed in Latin (INRI, <i>Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum</i>), Greek, Hebrew, or some other language.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chalice_(cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice (cup)">chalice</a> used by Jesus at <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Supper" class="mw-redirect" title="The Last Supper">The Last Supper</a>, and which some traditions say <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> used to catch his blood at the crucifixion</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Seamless_robe_of_Jesus" title="Seamless robe of Jesus">Seamless robe of Jesus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dice" title="Dice">dice</a> with which the soldiers <a href="/wiki/Sortition" title="Sortition">cast lots</a> for Christ's seamless robe</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Rooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">rooster</a> (cock) that crowed after <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Peter">Peter's</a> third denial of Jesus</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bowl_(vessel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowl (vessel)">vessel</a> used to hold the <a href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">gall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ladder" title="Ladder">ladder</a> used for the <a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Deposition</a>, i.e. the removal of Christ's body from the cross for burial</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ropes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ropes">ropes</a> used for the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_Cross" title="Raising of the Cross">Raising of the Cross</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">hammer</a> used to drive the nails into Jesus' hands and feet</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pincer_(tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pincer (tool)">pincers</a> used to remove the nails</li> <li>The vessel of <a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">myrrh</a>, used to anoint the body of Jesus, either by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> or by the <a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">shroud</a> used to wrap the body of Jesus before burial</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a>, representing the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_darkness" title="Crucifixion darkness">eclipse which occurred during the Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_pieces_of_silver" title="Thirty pieces of silver">Thirty pieces of silver</a> (or a <a href="/wiki/Money_bag" title="Money bag">money bag</a>), the price of <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas</a>' betrayal</li> <li>A spitting face, indicating the <a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocking of Christ">mockery of Jesus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hand</a> which slapped Jesus' face</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chain" title="Chain">chains</a> or cords which bound Jesus overnight in prison</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lantern" title="Lantern">lantern</a> or <a href="/wiki/Torch" title="Torch">torches</a> used by the arresting soldiers at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Betrayal" title="Betrayal">betrayal</a>, as well as their <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">swords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stick_fighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Stick fighting">staves</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a> used by Peter to cut off the ear of the <a href="/wiki/Cohen_Gadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohen Gadol">High Priest's</a> servant. Sometimes a human <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">ear</a> is also represented.</li> <li>Sometimes the heads or hands of figures from the Passion are shown, including Judas, <a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a>, or the man who <a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocking of Christ">mocked Christ</a> spitting in Christ's face. The washing hands of <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> may be shown. The <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Monaco" title="Lorenzo Monaco">Lorenzo Monaco</a> painting below has several such images.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a> played for mocking Christ on the Way to Calvary.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_contexts">Other contexts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other contexts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principal group of the Instruments appear in other contexts as well. The lance and sponge on a stick are held as though they are standards or weapons by the <a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">archangels</a> flanking the throne of Christ in a 6th-century <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a> (now in the <a href="/wiki/Bode_Museum" title="Bode Museum">Bode Museum</a>, Berlin), and are often shown in this way thereafter, especially in scenes of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Judgement">Last Judgement</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> art they are often on or around the <a href="/wiki/Hetoimasia" title="Hetoimasia">Hetoimasia</a> or "empty throne" of judgement.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crown of Thorns sometimes hangs alone on the cross; it has been suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a> originated from this motif. The minor Instruments generally did not developed a sufficient ability to be recognised and understood in this way, and appear only in groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Lorenzo_Monaco_014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pietà with Arma Christi, Lorenzo Monaco, 1404"><img alt="Pietà with Arma Christi, Lorenzo Monaco, 1404" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Don_Lorenzo_Monaco_014.jpg/127px-Don_Lorenzo_Monaco_014.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Don_Lorenzo_Monaco_014.jpg/191px-Don_Lorenzo_Monaco_014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Don_Lorenzo_Monaco_014.jpg/255px-Don_Lorenzo_Monaco_014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="3176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pietà</i> with Arma Christi, <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Monaco" title="Lorenzo Monaco">Lorenzo Monaco</a>, 1404</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wroc%C5%82aw_Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Votive panel, Wrocław, 1443"><img alt="Votive panel, Wrocław, 1443" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wroc%C5%82aw_Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows.jpg/151px-Wroc%C5%82aw_Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wroc%C5%82aw_Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows.jpg/227px-Wroc%C5%82aw_Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wroc%C5%82aw_Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows.jpg/303px-Wroc%C5%82aw_Christ_as_Man_of_Sorrows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1442" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Votive panel, <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>, 1443</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Memling_-_The_Man_of_Sorrows_in_the_arms_of_the_Virgin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hans Memling, The Man of Sorrows in the arms of the Virgin, 1470s"><img alt="Hans Memling, The Man of Sorrows in the arms of the Virgin, 1470s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hans_Memling_-_The_Man_of_Sorrows_in_the_arms_of_the_Virgin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/144px-Hans_Memling_-_The_Man_of_Sorrows_in_the_arms_of_the_Virgin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hans_Memling_-_The_Man_of_Sorrows_in_the_arms_of_the_Virgin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/217px-Hans_Memling_-_The_Man_of_Sorrows_in_the_arms_of_the_Virgin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hans_Memling_-_The_Man_of_Sorrows_in_the_arms_of_the_Virgin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/289px-Hans_Memling_-_The_Man_of_Sorrows_in_the_arms_of_the_Virgin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4093" data-file-height="5662" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a>, <i>The Man of Sorrows in the arms of the Virgin</i>, 1470s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wernigeroder_Wappenbuch_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fictive coat of arms of Jesus Christ in the Wernigerode Armorial (Southern Germany, c. 1490)"><img alt="Fictive coat of arms of Jesus Christ in the Wernigerode Armorial (Southern Germany, c. 1490)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Wernigeroder_Wappenbuch_011.jpg/138px-Wernigeroder_Wappenbuch_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Wernigeroder_Wappenbuch_011.jpg/207px-Wernigeroder_Wappenbuch_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Wernigeroder_Wappenbuch_011.jpg/276px-Wernigeroder_Wappenbuch_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="2064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fictive coat of arms of Jesus Christ in the <a href="/wiki/Wernigerode_Armorial" title="Wernigerode Armorial">Wernigerode Armorial</a> (Southern Germany, c. 1490)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bremenried_St_Wendelin_Arma-Christi-Kruzifix.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arma Christi crucifix, St. Wendelin, Bremenried, Weiler-Simmerberg, Bavaria"><img alt="Arma Christi crucifix, St. Wendelin, Bremenried, Weiler-Simmerberg, Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bremenried_St_Wendelin_Arma-Christi-Kruzifix.jpg/122px-Bremenried_St_Wendelin_Arma-Christi-Kruzifix.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bremenried_St_Wendelin_Arma-Christi-Kruzifix.jpg/184px-Bremenried_St_Wendelin_Arma-Christi-Kruzifix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bremenried_St_Wendelin_Arma-Christi-Kruzifix.jpg/245px-Bremenried_St_Wendelin_Arma-Christi-Kruzifix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1939" data-file-height="3161" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arma Christi crucifix, St. Wendelin, Bremenried, <a href="/wiki/Weiler-Simmerberg" title="Weiler-Simmerberg">Weiler-Simmerberg</a>, Bavaria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xristos_s_orydiyami_strastei.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ in the dark with the Arma Christi, 19th-century Russian icon"><img alt="Christ in the dark with the Arma Christi, 19th-century Russian icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Xristos_s_orydiyami_strastei.jpg/175px-Xristos_s_orydiyami_strastei.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Xristos_s_orydiyami_strastei.jpg/262px-Xristos_s_orydiyami_strastei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Xristos_s_orydiyami_strastei.jpg/350px-Xristos_s_orydiyami_strastei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="871" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Christ in the dark</i> with the Arma Christi, 19th-century Russian <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambrosius_Francken_(I)_Triumph_des_Christuskindes_c1605-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Triumph of the Christ Child by Ambrosius Francken I, 1605–10, Angels carry away the Arma Christi."><img alt="Triumph of the Christ Child by Ambrosius Francken I, 1605–10, Angels carry away the Arma Christi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ambrosius_Francken_%28I%29_Triumph_des_Christuskindes_c1605-10.jpg/200px-Ambrosius_Francken_%28I%29_Triumph_des_Christuskindes_c1605-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ambrosius_Francken_%28I%29_Triumph_des_Christuskindes_c1605-10.jpg/300px-Ambrosius_Francken_%28I%29_Triumph_des_Christuskindes_c1605-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ambrosius_Francken_%28I%29_Triumph_des_Christuskindes_c1605-10.jpg/400px-Ambrosius_Francken_%28I%29_Triumph_des_Christuskindes_c1605-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6367" data-file-height="4576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Triumph of the Christ Child</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Francken_I" title="Ambrosius Francken I">Ambrosius Francken I</a>, 1605–10, Angels carry away the Arma Christi.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arma-Christi-Kreuz_bei_Appertshofen_(Stammham).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayside cross with the Arma Christi near Stammham, Eichstätt"><img alt="Wayside cross with the Arma Christi near Stammham, Eichstätt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Arma-Christi-Kreuz_bei_Appertshofen_%28Stammham%29.JPG/150px-Arma-Christi-Kreuz_bei_Appertshofen_%28Stammham%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Arma-Christi-Kreuz_bei_Appertshofen_%28Stammham%29.JPG/225px-Arma-Christi-Kreuz_bei_Appertshofen_%28Stammham%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Arma-Christi-Kreuz_bei_Appertshofen_%28Stammham%29.JPG/300px-Arma-Christi-Kreuz_bei_Appertshofen_%28Stammham%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wayside cross with the <i>Arma Christi</i> near <a href="/wiki/Stammham,_Eichst%C3%A4tt" title="Stammham, Eichstätt">Stammham, Eichstätt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sn-Juan-Cruz.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Atrial crosses, such as this one in Metepec, Mexico, usually include the Arma Christi."><img alt="Atrial crosses, such as this one in Metepec, Mexico, usually include the Arma Christi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sn-Juan-Cruz.JPG/133px-Sn-Juan-Cruz.JPG" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sn-Juan-Cruz.JPG/200px-Sn-Juan-Cruz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sn-Juan-Cruz.JPG/266px-Sn-Juan-Cruz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Atrial_cross" title="Atrial cross">Atrial crosses</a>, such as this one in <a href="/wiki/Metepec" title="Metepec">Metepec</a>, Mexico, usually include the <i>Arma Christi</i>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arma_Christi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arma Christi">Arma Christi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">Attributed arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Sant%27Angelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pont Sant'Angelo">Pont Sant'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_the_Trinity" title="Shield of the Trinity">Scutum Fidei</a> (the medieval heraldic arms of the Trinity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Schema" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Schema">Great Schema</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiller, 184-185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rossell Hope Robbins, "The 'Arma Christi' Rolls", <i>The Modern Language Review</i> <b>34</b>.3 (July 1939:415-421)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiller, 189-191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiller, 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiller, 192-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ballester, Jordi, "Trumpets, Heralds and Minstrels: Their Relation to the Image of Power and Representation in the Fourteenth- and Fifteenth-Century Catalano-Aragonese Painting", <i>Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography</i> (2018) 43/1–2, 5–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiller, 186-187</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Schiller, Gertrud, <i>Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. II</i>, 1972 (English trans from German), Lund Humphries, London, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85331-324-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85331-324-5">0-85331-324-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperDenny-Brown2014" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Lisa H.; Denny-Brown, Andrea, eds. (24 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dH797Pzt57UC"><i>The Arma Christi in Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture</i></a>. Farnham: Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-40945-676-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-40945-676-6"><bdi>978-1-40945-676-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arma+Christi+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Material+Culture&rft.place=Farnham&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2014-01-24&rft.isbn=978-1-40945-676-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdH797Pzt57UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArma+Christi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_Christi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050405202802/http://ww2.netnitco.net/users/legend01/weapons.htm">Weapons of Christ</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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