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class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Stage design and show production </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stage_design_and_show_production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Stage design and show production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Stage_design_and_show_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arena_legs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arena_legs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Arena legs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arena_legs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_American_stadium_leg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_American_stadium_leg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 North American stadium leg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_American_stadium_leg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_stadium_leg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_stadium_leg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 European stadium leg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_stadium_leg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planning,_itinerary,_and_ticketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning,_itinerary,_and_ticketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Planning, itinerary, and ticketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planning,_itinerary,_and_ticketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Show_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Show_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Show overview </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Show_overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Show overview subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Show_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Pre-show </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_set" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_set"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Main set </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_set-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Encore </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guest_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guest_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Guest appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guest_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bono's_stage_personae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bono's_stage_personae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Bono's stage personae </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bono's_stage_personae-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bono's stage personae subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bono's_stage_personae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Fly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Fly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 The Fly </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Fly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mirror_Ball_Man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mirror_Ball_Man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Mirror Ball Man </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mirror_Ball_Man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MacPhisto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MacPhisto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 MacPhisto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MacPhisto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarajevo_satellite_transmissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarajevo_satellite_transmissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Sarajevo satellite transmissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarajevo_satellite_transmissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recording_and_release_of_Zooropa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recording_and_release_of_Zooropa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Recording and release of Zooropa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recording_and_release_of_Zooropa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasts,_recordings,_and_releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasts,_recordings,_and_releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Broadcasts, recordings, and releases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasts,_recordings,_and_releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Critical response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fan_reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fan_reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Fan reaction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fan_reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Commercial performance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Impact and aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact_and_aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact and aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Effect_on_U2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_U2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Effect on U2 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_U2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_Pixies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_Pixies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Effect on Pixies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_Pixies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subsequent_endeavours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_endeavours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Subsequent endeavours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_endeavours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_accounts_and_memorabilia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_accounts_and_memorabilia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Historical accounts and memorabilia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_accounts_and_memorabilia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_analysis,_retrospective_appraisal,_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_analysis,_retrospective_appraisal,_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Critical analysis, retrospective appraisal, and influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_analysis,_retrospective_appraisal,_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tour_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tour_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Tour dates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tour_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Zoo TV Tour</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZooTV_Tour" title="ZooTV Tour – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ZooTV Tour" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV" title="Zoo TV – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zoo TV" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_TV_Tour" title="Zoo TV Tour – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zoo TV Tour" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> </ul> <div 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1992–93 concert tour by U2</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Zoo TV Tour</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">World tour by <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:U2ZooTVTour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black poster with a black-and-white image occupying most it. The image shows U2 walking up the stairs of a small aeroplane as Bono gives a peace sign towards the viewer. Text on the poster reads "U2 Zoo TV Tour" and "Zooropa '93"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/U2ZooTVTour.jpg/220px-U2ZooTVTour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/87/U2ZooTVTour.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="350" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>North America</li><li>Europe</li><li>Oceania</li><li>Asia</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated album</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achtung_Baby" title="Achtung Baby">Achtung Baby</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zooropa" title="Zooropa">Zooropa</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Start date</th><td class="infobox-data">29 February 1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">End date</th><td class="infobox-data">10 December 1993</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legs</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of shows</th><td class="infobox-data">157<a href="#cite_note-dressreh-1">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Attendance</th><td class="infobox-data">5.3 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">US$151 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> concert chronology</th></tr><tr class="noprint plainlist"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li style="display: table-cell; width: 33%;"><a href="/wiki/Lovetown_Tour" title="Lovetown Tour">Lovetown Tour</a> (1989–90)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li style="display: table-cell; width: 33%;">Zoo TV Tour (1992–93)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li style="display: table-cell; width: 33%;"><a href="/wiki/PopMart_Tour" title="PopMart Tour">PopMart Tour</a> (1997–98)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Zoo TV Tour (also written as ZooTV, ZOO TV or ZOOTV) was a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">concert tour</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>. Staged primarily to support their 1991 album <a href="/wiki/Achtung_Baby" title="Achtung Baby">Achtung Baby</a> along with their subsequent 1993 album <a href="/wiki/Zooropa" title="Zooropa">Zooropa</a>, the tour visited arenas and stadiums from 1992 to 1993. Intended to mirror the group's new musical direction on Achtung Baby, the Zoo TV Tour departed from the band's previously austere stage setups by providing an elaborately staged multimedia spectacle, satirising television and media oversaturation by attempting to instill "<a href="/wiki/Sensory_overload" title="Sensory overload">sensory overload</a>" in its audience. To escape their reputation for being earnest and over-serious, U2 embraced a more lighthearted and self-deprecating image on tour. Zoo TV and Achtung Baby were central to the group's 1990s reinvention. The tour's concept was inspired by disparate television programming, coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, the desensitising effect of mass media, and "<a href="/wiki/Morning_zoo" title="Morning zoo">morning zoo</a>" radio shows. The stages featured dozens of large video screens that showed visual effects, video clips, and flashing text phrases, along with a lighting system partially made of <a href="/wiki/Trabant" title="Trabant">Trabant</a> automobiles. The shows incorporated <a href="/wiki/Channel_surfing" title="Channel surfing">channel surfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prank_call" title="Prank call">prank calls</a>, video <a href="/wiki/Confessional" title="Confessional">confessionals</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Belly_dance" title="Belly dance">belly dancer</a>, and live satellite transmissions from <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">war-torn Sarajevo</a>. On stage, Bono portrayed several characters he conceived, including the leather-clad egomaniac "<a href="/wiki/The_Fly_(U2_song)" title="The Fly (U2 song)">The Fly</a>", the greedy <a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">televangelist</a> "Mirror Ball Man", and the devilish "MacPhisto". Unlike on other U2 tours, each of the Zoo TV shows opened with six to eight consecutive new songs before older material was played. Comprising five legs and 157 shows,<a href="#cite_note-dressreh-1">[a]</a> the tour began in <a href="/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida" title="Lakeland, Florida">Lakeland, Florida</a>, on 29 February 1992 and ended in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo, Japan">Tokyo, Japan</a>, on 10 December 1993. The tour alternated between North America and Europe for the first four legs before visiting Oceania and Japan. After two arena legs, the show's production was expanded for stadiums for the final three legs, which were branded "Outside Broadcast", "Zooropa", and "Zoomerang/New Zooland", respectively. Although the tour provoked a range of reactions from music critics, it was generally well received. It was the highest-grossing North American tour of 1992, and overall sold around 5.3 million tickets and grossed US$151 million. The band's 1993 album Zooropa, recorded during a break in the tour, expanded on mass media themes. The tour was depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>-winning 1994 concert film <a href="/wiki/Zoo_TV:_Live_from_Sydney" title="Zoo TV: Live from Sydney">Zoo TV: Live from Sydney</a>. Critics regard the Zoo TV Tour as one of rock's most memorable tours—in 2002, <a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a>'s Tom Doyle called it "the most spectacular rock tour staged by any band". <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> U2's 1987 album <a href="/wiki/The_Joshua_Tree" title="The Joshua Tree">The Joshua Tree</a> and the supporting <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Tree Tour">Joshua Tree Tour</a> brought them to a new level of commercial and critical success, particularly in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-fricke-2">[1]</a> Like their previous tours, the Joshua Tree Tour was a minimalistic, austere production,<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> and they used this outlet for addressing political and social concerns.<a href="#cite_note-nyt031592-4">[3]</a> As a result, the band earned a reputation for being earnest and serious,<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-chop-joshua-6">[5]</a> an image that became a target for derision after their much-maligned 1988 motion picture and companion album <a href="/wiki/Rattle_and_Hum" title="Rattle and Hum">Rattle and Hum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-fricke-2">[1]</a> which documented their exploration of <a href="/wiki/American_roots_music" class="mw-redirect" title="American roots music">American roots music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lightenup-7">[6]</a> The project was criticised as being "pretentious",<a href="#cite_note-lightenup-7">[6]</a> and "misguided and bombastic",<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> and U2 were accused of being grandiose and self-righteous.<a href="#cite_note-fricke-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-lightenup-7">[6]</a> Their 1989–1990 <a href="/wiki/Lovetown_Tour" title="Lovetown Tour">Lovetown Tour</a> did not visit the United States.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> With a sense of musical stagnation, lead vocalist <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> hinted at changes to come for the band during a 30 December 1989 concert near the end of the tour; before a hometown crowd in Dublin, he said on stage that it was "the end of something for U2" and that they had to "go away and ... just dream it all up again".<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conception">Conception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conception">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> ... I sort of took the overview position of saying, 'What do you want? You don't want a stage show where everything fits neatly into place and it's all nicely organized and people know exactly where the center of attention is at all moments.' That isn't what the music is about now, and it certainly isn't what this concept of a new Europe is about, so how can we make a stage show that has some of the feeling of defensiveness and chaos and <a href="/wiki/Information_overload" title="Information overload">information overload</a> ...? </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a>, on asking U2 about their plans for concerts<a href="#cite_note-milkit-12">[11]</a></cite></div> </div> One of U2's inspirations for Zoo TV was a 1989 concert in Dublin that reached a radio audience of 500 million people and was widely <a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">bootlegged</a>. Bono said the group were fascinated with the possibilities of radio and how they could be expanded using video to "beam concerts into Peking or Prague for free" or spawn "video bootlegs in cultures where it's hard to get [U2's] music".<a href="#cite_note-usa030692-13">[12]</a> The wild antics of "<a href="/wiki/Morning_zoo" title="Morning zoo">morning zoo</a>" radio programmes inspired the band with the notion of taking a <a href="/wiki/Pirate_television" title="Pirate television">pirate television</a> station on tour.<a href="#cite_note-m234-14">[13]</a> They were also interested in using video as a way of making themselves less accessible to their audiences.<a href="#cite_note-zootv-talent-15">[14]</a> The band developed these ideas while recording <a href="/wiki/Achtung_Baby" title="Achtung Baby">Achtung Baby</a> in Berlin at <a href="/wiki/Hansa_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansa Studios">Hansa Studios</a>. While in Germany, they watched television coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>, which was the only English programming available at their hotel. When they were tired of hearing about the conflict, they tuned into local programming to see "bad German soap operas" and automobile advertisements.<a href="#cite_note-m234-14">[13]</a> The band believed that cable television had blurred the lines between news, entertainment, and <a href="/wiki/Home_shopping" title="Home shopping">home shopping</a> over the previous decade, and they wanted to represent this on their next tour.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> The juxtaposition of such disparate programming inspired U2 and Achtung Baby co-producer <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> to conceive an "audio-visual show" that would display a rapidly changing mix of live and pre-recorded video on monitors.<a href="#cite_note-milkit-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-m234-14">[13]</a> The idea was intended to mock the desensitising effect of mass media.<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a> Eno, who was credited in the tour programme for the "Video Staging Concept",<a href="#cite_note-tv-station-17">[16]</a> explained his vision for the tour: "the idea to make a stage set with a lot of different video sources was mine, to make a chaos of uncoordinated material happening together ... The idea of getting away from video being a way of helping people to see the band more easily ... this is video as a way of obscuring them, losing them sometimes in just a network of material."<a href="#cite_note-eno-prop-18">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U2_Zoo_TV_Tour_Trabant_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_in_Dublin_(5466177224).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A boxy car with a bright, multi-coloured paint job is tilted slightly to the right. Its license plate reading ZOO TV is upside down and three of the four headlights are lit." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/U2_Zoo_TV_Tour_Trabant_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_in_Dublin_%285466177224%29.jpg/220px-U2_Zoo_TV_Tour_Trabant_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_in_Dublin_%285466177224%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/U2_Zoo_TV_Tour_Trabant_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_in_Dublin_%285466177224%29.jpg/330px-U2_Zoo_TV_Tour_Trabant_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_in_Dublin_%285466177224%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/U2_Zoo_TV_Tour_Trabant_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_in_Dublin_%285466177224%29.jpg/440px-U2_Zoo_TV_Tour_Trabant_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_in_Dublin_%285466177224%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2565" data-file-height="1928" /></a><figcaption>U2's interest in <a href="/wiki/Trabant" title="Trabant">Trabants</a> while recording Achtung Baby in Germany inspired tour designer <a href="/wiki/Willie_Williams_(set_designer)" title="Willie Williams (set designer)">Willie Williams</a> to use them as lighting fixtures on the tour and to paint them.</figcaption></figure> While on a break from recording, the band invited production designer <a href="/wiki/Willie_Williams_(set_designer)" title="Willie Williams (set designer)">Willie Williams</a> to join them in <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> in February 1991. Williams had recently worked on <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sound%2BVision_Tour" title="Sound+Vision Tour">Sound+Vision Tour</a>, which used film projection and video content, and he was keen to "take rock show video to a level as yet undreamed of".<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> The band played Williams some of their new music—inspired by <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a>—and they told him about the "Zoo TV" phrase that Bono liked.<a href="#cite_note-zootv-talent-15">[14]</a> Williams also learned about the band's affection for the <a href="/wiki/Trabant" title="Trabant">Trabant</a>, an East German automobile that derisively became a symbol for the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Communism">fall of Communism</a>; he thought their fondness for the car was "deeply, deeply bizarre".<a href="#cite_note-zootv-talent-15">[14]</a> In May, he brainstormed the idea to construct a lighting system of recycled Trabants.<a href="#cite_note-1000days-20">[19]</a> Williams, who "always favored a very homemade approach to lighting, over an off-the-shelf one", had previously fashioned fixtures from objects such as trash cans and furniture. He saw the Trabant as the perfect object to light U2's tour, envisioning it as a "suitably surreal and symbolic scenic element".<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> On 1 June 1991, Williams visited the engineering department of Light & Sound Design (LSD) in Birmingham, England, to ask for help with building a prototype.<a href="#cite_note-1000days-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> On 14 June, the first tour production meeting was held; in attendance were Williams, the band, their <a href="/wiki/Band_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Band manager">manager</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_McGuinness" title="Paul McGuinness">Paul McGuinness</a>, artist Catherine Owens, and production managers Steve Iredale and Jake Kennedy. Williams presented his ideas, which included the Trabant lighting system and the placement of video monitors all over the stage; both notions were well received.<a href="#cite_note-zootv-talent-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-1000days-20">[19]</a> Eno's original idea was to have the video screens on wheels and constantly in motion, although this was impractical.<a href="#cite_note-eno-prop-18">[17]</a> Williams and the group proposed many ideas that did not make it to the final stage design. One such proposal, dubbed "Motorway Madness", would have placed billboards advertising real products across the stage, similar to their placement beside highways.<a href="#cite_note-flan32-22">[21]</a> The idea was intended to be ironic, but was ultimately scrapped out of fear that the band would be accused of <a href="/wiki/Selling_out" title="Selling out">selling out</a>.<a href="#cite_note-flan32-22">[21]</a> Another proposed idea was to build a giant doll of an "achtung baby", complete with an inflatable penis that would spray on the audience, but it was deemed too expensive and was abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> By August, a prototype of a single Trabant for the lighting system was completed, with the innards gutted and retrofitted with lighting equipment, and a paint job on the exterior.<a href="#cite_note-1000days-20">[19]</a> Williams spent most of the second half of 1991 designing the stage.<a href="#cite_note-tv-station-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-1000days-20">[19]</a> Owens was insistent that her ideas be given priority, as she thought that men had been making all of U2's creative decisions and were using male-centred designs.<a href="#cite_note-flan32-22">[21]</a> With the support of bassist <a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton" title="Adam Clayton">Adam Clayton</a>, she recruited visual artists from Europe and the United States to arrange images that would be used on the display screens. These people included video artist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Pellington" title="Mark Pellington">Mark Pellington</a>, photo/conceptual artist <a href="/wiki/David_Wojnarowicz" title="David Wojnarowicz">David Wojnarowicz</a>, and satirical group <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Broadcast_Network" title="Emergency Broadcast Network">Emergency Broadcast Network</a>, who digitally manipulate sampled image and sound.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Pellington conceived the idea to flash text phrases on the visual displays, inspired by his collaborations with artists <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Holzer" title="Jenny Holzer">Jenny Holzer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kruger" title="Barbara Kruger">Barbara Kruger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-spin-25">[24]</a> The concept was first put into practice in the video for Achtung Baby's lead single, "<a href="/wiki/The_Fly_(U2_song)" title="The Fly (U2 song)">The Fly</a>".<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Bono devised and collected numerous phrases during development of the album and the tour.<a href="#cite_note-spin-25">[24]</a> Additional pre-recorded video content was created by Eno, Williams, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Godley" title="Kevin Godley">Kevin Godley</a>, Carol Dodds, and Philip Owens.<a href="#cite_note-1000days-20">[19]</a> On 13 November, U2 settled on the "Zoo TV Tour" name and the plans to place video screens across the stage and build a lighting system out of Trabants.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> McGuinness led a trip to East Germany to buy Trabants from a recently closed factory in <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-flan32-22">[21]</a> and in January 1992, Catherine Owens began to paint the cars.<a href="#cite_note-zootv-talent-15">[14]</a> As she described, "The basic idea was that the imagery on the cars should have nothing to do with the car itself."<a href="#cite_note-zootv-talent-15">[14]</a> One such design was the "fertility car", which sported blown-up newspaper <a href="/wiki/Personal_ad" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal ad">personal ads</a> and a drawing of a woman giving birth while holding string tied to her husband's testicles.<a href="#cite_note-flan32-22">[21]</a> Williams and Chilean artist Rene Castro also provided artwork for the cars.<a href="#cite_note-fistful-28">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stage_design_and_show_production">Stage design and show production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stage design and show production">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> We really wanted to do something that had never been seen before, using TV, text, and imagery. It was a very big and expensive project to put together. We allowed ourselves to be carried away by new technology. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Larry Mullen Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-m234-14">[13]</a></cite></div> </div> The Zoo TV stages were designed by Willie Williams, U2's stage designer since the <a href="/wiki/War_Tour" title="War Tour">War Tour</a> of 1982–1983. In place of U2's austere and minimalist productions of the 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-zootv-talent-15">[14]</a> the Zoo TV stage was a complex setup, designed to instill "<a href="/wiki/Sensory_overload" title="Sensory overload">sensory overload</a>" in its audience.<a href="#cite_note-hpfeature-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-usa081292-30">[29]</a> The set's giant video screens showed footage of the band members performing, pre-recorded video, live television transmissions, and flashing text phrases.<a href="#cite_note-mcg143-31">[30]</a> Electronic, tabloid-style headlines ran on <a href="/wiki/News_ticker" title="News ticker">crawlers</a> at the ends of the stage.<a href="#cite_note-nydn081392-32">[31]</a> The band's embracing of such technology was meant as a radical departure in form, and as a commentary on the pervasive nature of technology.<a href="#cite_note-nyt031592-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a> This led many critics to describe the show as ironic.<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a> To enable such a complex video production, the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Production_control_room" title="Production control room">television studio control room</a> was built for the tour.<a href="#cite_note-tv-station-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-prop-tour-33">[32]</a> Williams enlisted Carol Dodds to be video director based on their experience together on Bowie's Sound+Vision Tour and her familiarity with Vidiwalls from a <a href="/wiki/Paula_Abdul" title="Paula Abdul">Paula Abdul</a> tour.<a href="#cite_note-njrecord-081492-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a> Dodds operated the tour's "custom-designed interactive video system",<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> and oversaw a crew ranging from 12 people on the arena legs to 18 for the "Outside Broadcast" leg.<a href="#cite_note-bosglob-031292-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-njrecord-081492-34">[33]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/Live_sound_mixing#Front_of_house_mixing" title="Live sound mixing">front of house</a> position, the video crew conducted a live mix of the broadcast cameras filming the concert and live television transmissions intercepted by a satellite dish.<a href="#cite_note-mt-animal-magic-38">[37]</a> In the production facility underneath the stage, dubbed "Underworld", engineers intercut the video from the live mix with pre-recorded imagery from <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> players, video tape players, and a <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> <a href="/wiki/CD-i" title="CD-i">CD-i</a> player and <a href="/wiki/Video_router" title="Video router">routed</a> it to the display screens. In all, content was compiled from 24 different video sources.<a href="#cite_note-njrecord-081492-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-mt-animal-magic-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-saltlk-041992-39">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal computers</a> were used to sequence specific pre-recorded video segments and distribute them to the proper outputs; the engineers could select one or many displays to which to output each content source, whether it be a single video cube or an entire screen. The computers' media controls allowed video content from the disc and tape players, either individual frames or entire segments, to be sequenced, looped, and built into pre-programmed <a href="/wiki/Show_control" title="Show control">cues</a>. On stage, guitarist <a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">the Edge</a> used <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> pedals to trigger <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">music sequencers</a>, generating <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_timecode" title="SMPTE timecode">SMPTE timecode</a> for coordinating the video cues.<a href="#cite_note-mt-animal-magic-38">[37]</a> Des Broadberry managed the keyboards, sequencers, <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">samples</a>, and MIDI equipment.<a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_3.jpg/220px-Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_3.jpg/330px-Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_3.jpg/440px-Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Bono filming himself with a video camera during a Melbourne concert in November 1993</figcaption></figure> Despite the production's complexity, the group decided that flexibility in the shows' length and content was a priority. The Edge said, "That was one of the more important decisions we made early on, that we wouldn't sacrifice flexibility, so we designed a system that is both extremely complicated and high-tech but also incredibly simple and hands-on, controlled by human beings ... in that sense, it's still a live performance."<a href="#cite_note-hpfeature-29">[28]</a> This flexibility allowed for improvisations and deviations from the planned programme.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Eno recommended that U2 film their own video tapes so that they could be edited and looped on the video displays more easily, instead of relying entirely on pre-sequenced video. Eno explained: "their show depends on some kind of response to what's happening at the moment in that place. So if it turns out they want to do a song for five minutes longer, they can actually loop through the material again so that you're not suddenly stuck with black screens halfway through the fifth verse."<a href="#cite_note-milkit-12">[11]</a> The band shot new video for the displays over the course of the tour.<a href="#cite_note-1000days2-42">[41]</a> The set featured a <a href="/wiki/B-stage" title="B-stage">B-stage</a>, a smaller, secondary performance area that connected to the main stage via a <a href="/wiki/Footbridge#Catwalk" title="Footbridge">catwalk</a>. Zoo TV was U2's first tour to use a B-stage;<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> the band had pursued the idea on previous tours because Bono wanted proximity to the audience,<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-amuse-mar92-43">[42]</a> but they had been unsuccessful due to <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fire_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire code">fire code</a> restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> Equipment for the <a href="/wiki/Public_address_system" title="Public address system">sound system</a> was provided by <a href="/wiki/Clair_Global" title="Clair Global">Clair Brothers Audio</a>, which had been working with U2 since 1982.<a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a> The company's S4 Series II <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker_enclosure" title="Loudspeaker enclosure">speaker cabinet</a> was the standard model used for Zoo TV; it was based on a prototype designed for the tour and featured built-in <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker_time_alignment" title="Loudspeaker time alignment">time-alignment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-studiosound-44">[43]</a> The sound engineers decided not to supplement the traditional public address system with delayed speakers for time-alignment, as they wanted the audience to focus their attention on the stage and the multimedia aspects of the show.<a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Stage_monitor_system" title="Stage monitor system">stage monitor system</a> used on the Zoo TV Tour was one of the largest and most complex systems at the time.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a> Through "quad monitoring", the monitor engineer used a <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joystick</a> to <a href="/wiki/Panning_(audio)" title="Panning (audio)">pan</a> each band member's mix around the monitor speakers to "follow" their movements on stage. The band members also wore <a href="/wiki/In-ear_monitor" title="In-ear monitor">in-ear monitors</a>, which was necessitated by their performing on the B-stage, where they experienced an audio delay from the primary PA speakers behind them and where fewer monitor wedges could be positioned.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-studiosound-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-zooreview-45">[44]</a> Lighting equipment was provided by LSD.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-amuse-mar92-43">[42]</a> Supplementing the traditional lighting rigs were several suspended Trabants that had been retrofitted with light fixtures. The cars were purchased for US$500–600 each, and when stripped of their interiors, they weighed 900 pounds (410 kg). Approximately US$10,000 of lighting equipment weighing 400 pounds (180 kg) was installed in the vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> A 2.5K <a href="/wiki/Hydrargyrum_medium-arc_iodide_lamp" title="Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp">HMI</a> <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lantern" title="Fresnel lantern">Fresnel fixture</a> was mounted to the metal bar that previously held the vehicle's backseat, and was fitted with an LSD ColourMag <a href="/wiki/Color_magazine_(lighting)" title="Color magazine (lighting)">colour magazine</a> and a dowser; a 5K fixture was originally used but had to be replaced after causing the car to melt after five minutes. Other fixtures installed were: a <a href="/wiki/PAR64" class="mw-redirect" title="PAR64">PAR-64</a> Ray Light reflector in the headlight bracket; two LSD Mirrorstrobes; eight Molefays behind the front bumper and four behind the rear; and <a href="/wiki/Landing_lights" title="Landing lights">ACL</a> strips behind the radiator grid.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a> Chain hoists were attached to brackets welded onto the wheel hubs, allowing the vehicles to be raised and tilted on their own axles.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arena_legs">Arena legs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arena legs">edit</a>]</div> The first two legs of the tour in 1992 were indoors and used the smallest of the stages. The video system included four 8-foot (2.4 m) Philips Vidiwalls of video cubes,<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-dlp140-47">[46]</a> thirty-two 36-inch (910 mm) monitors, and a 16-by-20-foot (4.9 m × 6.1 m) <a href="/wiki/Projection_screen" title="Projection screen">projection screen</a> center-hung from the front <a href="/wiki/Truss" title="Truss">truss</a>.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> The projection screen was used in lieu of an additional video cube wall that proved too costly; Williams called it the "first of many such compromises" during the tour.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> Dodds' video crew comprised 12 people: four camera operators, four staffers running computers in the front of house position, and four members underneath the stage controlling the video screens. Seven LaserDisc players were used.<a href="#cite_note-bosglob-031292-37">[36]</a> About 40 feet (12 m) of tracks were laid on top of the walkway to the B-stage for a <a href="/wiki/Camera_dolly" title="Camera dolly">camera dolly</a>, which could reach a height of 12 feet (3.7 m).<a href="#cite_note-saltlk-041992-39">[38]</a> For the arena lighting system, six Trabants were suspended above the stage,<a href="#cite_note-amuse-mar92-43">[42]</a> and a seventh Trabant by the B-stage doubled as a <a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">DJ</a> booth and a <a href="/wiki/Disco_ball" title="Disco ball">mirror ball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a> Williams originally planned to use 12 cars but scaled back after the tour's video production expanded. The remainder of the lighting system was minimal, comprising 17 <a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrument#Spotlights" title="Stage lighting instrument">spotlights</a> and a "couple of hundred" <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_aluminized_reflector#Outdoor_and_stage_lighting" title="Parabolic aluminized reflector">PAR cans</a>. The ColourMags were controlled by LSD's Simon Carus-Wilson, who had worked with Williams on the Sound+Vision Tour. Two lighting trusses were used to illuminate the audience, consisting of ACL wash fixtures for "little pools of light", eight fixtures to initially brighten the venue, and <a href="/wiki/Blacklight" title="Blacklight">ultraviolet</a> wash light. The video screens produced enough <a href="/wiki/Backlighting_(lighting_design)" title="Backlighting (lighting design)">backlight</a> that few other fixtures were needed for the opening two songs of concerts. The lighting system was controlled with an <a href="/wiki/Avolites" title="Avolites">Avolites</a> QM180 <a href="/wiki/Lighting_control_console" title="Lighting control console">console</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a> The North American arena shows, many of which featured <a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_the_round" title="Theatre in the round">in-the-round seating</a>, used 72 Clair Brothers S4 Series II speakers, in positions of <a href="/wiki/Blocking_(stage)#Stage_directions" title="Blocking (stage)">stage left and right</a>, rear fill stage left and right, and left and right sidefill. For the European arena shows, the number of S4 Series II speakers was reduced to 56, as rear fill and sidefill audio were not required. Clair Brothers' P4 "Piston" cabinets were also used for <a href="/wiki/Nearfield_monitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearfield monitors">nearfield</a>/in-fill audio, with two clusters of six speakers each at stage left and right. Bass was provided by six Servo Drive Bass Tech 7 <a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">subwoofers</a>. The sound was mixed by sound engineer Joe O'Herlihy and assistant Robbie Adams with an <a href="/wiki/Automated_Processes,_Inc." title="Automated Processes, Inc.">ATI</a> Paragon <a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">console</a> and a Clair Brothers CBA console, aided by an inventory of effects intended to replicate the ones used in the studio during the recording of Achtung Baby.<a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a> The stage monitor system was mixed underneath the stage with six consoles:<a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a> two <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Audio_Consoles" title="Harrison Audio Consoles">Harrison</a> SM5s (with a 16-<a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">channel</a> extender), a <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Pro_Audio" title="Yamaha Pro Audio">Yamaha</a> DMP7, a <a href="/wiki/Soundcraft" title="Soundcraft">Soundcraft</a> 200B, and two <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Ramsa</a> WS-840s for drummer <a href="/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Larry Mullen Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a> The consoles provided capabilities for around 200 audio channels. To avoid <a href="/wiki/Audio_feedback" title="Audio feedback">audio feedback</a> during B-stage performances, O'Herlihy said, "We 'ring' the system out using a separate <a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">EQ</a>". On stage, the monitor speakers consisted of Clair Brothers' 12AM single and double wedge units, with ML18 and MM4T units for sidefill.<a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a> Steve McCale served as the monitor engineer for Bono, the Edge, and Clayton, and controlled the joystick panning, while Dave Skaff was Mullen's monitor engineer.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a> In-ear monitors were provided by <a href="/wiki/Future_Sonics" title="Future Sonics">Future Sonics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-record-mus-nov92-40">[39]</a> The production equipment was transported on 11 trucks supplied by Upstaging Trucking.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-mar92-43">[42]</a> The stage required 13–14 hours to build and 3–4 hours to disassemble.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-mar92-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-bosglob-031292-37">[36]</a> The crew of 75 people travelled on six buses,<a href="#cite_note-bosglob-031292-37">[36]</a> while the band flew in a <a href="/wiki/Air_charter" title="Air charter">chartered plane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-mar92-43">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_American_stadium_leg">North American stadium leg</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: North American stadium leg">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_Preshow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An elaborate concert stage, seen during the day inside a mostly empty stadium. The stage comprises several dark, rectangular structures. Fans are scattered throughout the floor seats, while the stadium seating is empty." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_Preshow.jpg/200px-Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_Preshow.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_Preshow.jpg/300px-Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_Preshow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_Preshow.jpg/400px-Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_Preshow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="789" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_pic_d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An elaborate concert stage set bearing a logo that reads "Zoo TV", set in a dark stadium. Towers reach into the nighttime sky, illuminated in blue with red warning lights on top." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_pic_d.jpg/200px-Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_pic_d.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_pic_d.jpg/300px-Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_pic_d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_pic_d.jpg/400px-Zoo_TV_Tour_1992-09-03_Veterans_Stadium_pic_d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="789" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The "Outside Broadcast" version of the stage, before and during a Veterans Stadium concert in September 1992</div></div></div></div> To redesign the stage for the 1992 North American stadium leg—dubbed "Outside Broadcast"—Williams collaborated with stage designers <a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher_(architect)" title="Mark Fisher (architect)">Mark Fisher</a> and Jonathan Park, both of whom had worked on the <a href="/wiki/Steel_Wheels/Urban_Jungle_Tour" title="Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour">Steel Wheels Tour</a> stage for <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The main stage was expanded to be 248 by 80 feet (76 by 24 m),<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> and the catwalk leading to the B-stage was lengthened to approximately 150 feet (46 m),<a href="#cite_note-fistful-28">[27]</a> nearly four times as long as the arena version.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-aug92-50">[49]</a> The spires of the stage, intended to resemble <a href="/wiki/Radio_masts_and_towers" title="Radio masts and towers">radio masts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-usa081292-30">[29]</a> reached as high as 110 feet (34 m), requiring <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_warning_lights" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft warning lights">aircraft warning lights</a> approved by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> to be placed on top of them.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-aug92-50">[49]</a> The stage's appearance was compared to the techno-future cityscapes from <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a><a href="#cite_note-usa081292-30">[29]</a> and the works of <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> writer <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a> The video projection system consisted of four Vidiwalls, four 15-by-20-foot (4.6 m × 6.1 m) rear projection screens using eighteen <a href="/wiki/Talaria_projector" title="Talaria projector">GE Talaria</a> 5055 HB <a href="/wiki/Light_valve" title="Light valve">light valve</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_projector" title="Video projector">projectors</a>, and thirty-six 27-inch (690 mm) <a href="/wiki/Barco_(manufacturer)" title="Barco (manufacturer)">Barco</a> monitors.<a href="#cite_note-prop-tour-33">[32]</a> The production control system, which was operated by Dodds and a crew of 18 people,<a href="#cite_note-njrecord-081492-34">[33]</a> included ten <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a> LDV8000 LaserDisc players, two <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="/wiki/Betacam_SP" class="mw-redirect" title="Betacam SP">Betacam SP</a> BVW-75 <a href="/wiki/Video_tape_recorder" title="Video tape recorder">tape decks</a>, two Sony 9800 <a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000093-QINU`"'</style>3⁄4-inch</a> SP tape decks, four <a href="/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki" title="Ikegami Tsushinki">Ikegami</a> HL-55A <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a> cameras, two Sony <a href="/wiki/Video8" class="mw-redirect" title="Video8">Video8</a> <a href="/wiki/Handycam" title="Handycam">Handycams</a> (nicknamed "Bonocams"), and one point-of-view camera.<a href="#cite_note-fistful-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-prop-tour-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-mt-animal-magic-38">[37]</a> The video equipment cost more than US$3.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-prop-tour-33">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%288%29.jpg/170px-U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%288%29.jpg/255px-U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%288%29.jpg/340px-U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3131" data-file-height="3995" /></a><figcaption>The Edge and Bono during an August 1992 show, with one of the Trabants from the lighting system visible behind them</figcaption></figure> Williams faced difficulties in designing the outdoor lighting system, as the stage did not have a roof. He settled on using the venues' house spotlights and strategically placing lights in the structure behind the band.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> About a third of the lighting equipment was lifted by a 100-foot (30 m) tower, requiring 25 short tons (23 t) of <a href="/wiki/Ballast" title="Ballast">ballast</a>. Lighting was also provided by 11 Trabants; two were suspended from cranes while the others were supported by a hydraulic system.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-aug92-50">[49]</a> The audio system for the larger stage used 176 speaker enclosures containing 312 18-inch (46 cm) <a href="/wiki/Woofer" title="Woofer">woofers</a>, 592 10-inch (25 cm) mid-range <a href="/wiki/Electrodynamic_speaker_driver" title="Electrodynamic speaker driver">drivers</a>, and 604 high-frequency drivers.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-aug92-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> The system used about one million watts of power and weighed 60,000 pounds (27,000 kg). U2 were Clair Brothers' first client to use the company's nascent "flying" PA system, which designers were able to position behind the staging area. The front of house position featured three mixing stations, each with 40-channel capabilities. The stage monitor system used 60 speakers, which were mixed from two separate positions, each with two consoles providing 160-channel capacities. On stage, 26 microphones were used.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-aug92-50">[49]</a> The North American stadium leg employed a 145-person production crew and 45-person staging crew that travelled on 12 buses and a 40-passenger chartered jet known as the Zoo Plane.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-aug92-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> Two separate steel sets were used during the tour; while one was in use for a concert, another was in transit to the next venue.<a href="#cite_note-studiosound-44">[43]</a> The tour required 52 trucks to transport 2.4 million pounds (1.1 kt) of equipment—12 trucks for each of the two steel sets and 28 for the production equipment. The concerts were powered by four generators and 3 miles (4.8 km) of cabling. Stage construction required more than 200 local labourers, 12 forklifts, and a 120-foot-tall (37 m), 40-short-ton (36 t) crane.<a href="#cite_note-amuse-aug92-50">[49]</a> The million-dollar stage was built in 40 hours and disassembled in six.<a href="#cite_note-usa081292-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-amuse-aug92-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_stadium_leg">European stadium leg</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: European stadium leg">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_Palco_zootv_tour_1993_640.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An elaborate concert stage, seen during the day in an empty stadium. The stage comprises several dark, rectangular structures." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_Palco_zootv_tour_1993_640.jpg/220px-1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_Palco_zootv_tour_1993_640.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_Palco_zootv_tour_1993_640.jpg/330px-1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_Palco_zootv_tour_1993_640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_Palco_zootv_tour_1993_640.jpg/440px-1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_Palco_zootv_tour_1993_640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>The "Zooropa" version of the stage, before a concert in May 1993</figcaption></figure> The outdoor stage used for the 1993 legs of the tour was smaller due to budget concerns, and it discarded the Trabants hung from cranes, instead featuring three cars hanging behind the drum kit.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-dlp160-53">[52]</a> All of the projection screens were replaced with video cubes, as the projectors were not bright enough for the European summer nights when daylight lasted later.<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> The resulting video system used three Digiwalls of 41-inch (1,000 mm) projection cubes, four Vidiwalls (each 4 cubes high by 3 cubes wide), and thirty-six 27-inch (690 mm) Barco monitors. Comprising 178 cubes, the three Digiwalls varied in orientation: 14 cubes high by 6 cubes wide, 9 high by 5 wide, and 7 high by 7 wide.<a href="#cite_note-mt-animal-magic-38">[37]</a> Williams said the new video system was "vastly superior" and that the changes made Zoo TV "the largest touring video facility ever created".<a href="#cite_note-concert-lighting-21">[20]</a> The sound system utilised 144 Clair Brothers' S4 Series II cabinets positioned in "two curved wings".<a href="#cite_note-zooreview-45">[44]</a> These speaker stacks were 38 feet behind the drum riser and 45 feet behind the primary vocal position. The layout allowed for <a href="/wiki/Sightline" class="mw-redirect" title="Sightline">sightlines</a> of 250 degrees within stadiums. To help focus the sound, the engineers installed a semicircle of Clair Brothers' P4 cabinets, comprising four <a href="/wiki/Line_array" title="Line array">arrays</a> of six cabinets each, around the perimeter of the stage. Additional P4 speakers were placed on their sides on the edge of the B-stage. Underneath Bono's position at the front of the main stage were 16 Servo Drive <a href="/wiki/Sub-bass" title="Sub-bass">sub-bass</a> units. The concert at <a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Park" title="Roundhay Park">Roundhay Park</a> in Leeds was supplemented by time-delayed speaker towers from SSE Hire due to the venue's elongated shape, making it the only show on the tour to use delay speakers.<a href="#cite_note-studiosound-44">[43]</a> For the "Zooropa" monitor speaker system, Radio Station in-ear monitors were provided by Garwood Communications.<a href="#cite_note-studiosound-44">[43]</a> The monitors were mixed with four Ramsa WS-840 consoles, with Skaff serving as the monitor engineer for Mullen and Clayton, and Vish Wadi for Bono and the Edge.<a href="#cite_note-studiosound-44">[43]</a> The European leg featured confetti cannons, provided by Shell Shock Firework Co. and JEM, that shot "Zoo Ecu" <a href="/wiki/Banknotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Banknotes">banknotes</a>; these were replaced by "Zooropa" <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">condoms</a> in Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-zooreview-45">[44]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planning,_itinerary,_and_ticketing">Planning, itinerary, and ticketing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Planning, itinerary, and ticketing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U2_at_Cardiff_Arms_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A multi-coloured rectangular concert ticket, displayed horizontally. Small icons are scattered in the background. It bears the logo of a satellite and features details of the concert, along with the text "U2 Zooropa '93 Zoo TV Tour"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/U2_at_Cardiff_Arms_Park.jpg/220px-U2_at_Cardiff_Arms_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/U2_at_Cardiff_Arms_Park.jpg/330px-U2_at_Cardiff_Arms_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8b/U2_at_Cardiff_Arms_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>The design of a 1993 "Zooropa" leg ticket reflects the tour's media oversaturation themes. The tour was co-sponsored by <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, as shown in the ticket's bottom right corner.</figcaption></figure> Rehearsals for the tour began in December 1991 at The Factory in Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The band found it challenging to recreate all the sounds from the new album. They considered using additional musicians, but their sentimental attachment to a four-piece prevailed.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcg141-56">[55]</a> The tour was announced on 11 February 1992, less than three weeks before opening night. The opening leg consisted of 32 arena shows in 31 North American cities, from 29 February to 23 April.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Four days after the tour announcement, tickets for some concerts were first put on sale.<a href="#cite_note-mcg142-58">[57]</a> Though the band had toured North America every year between 1980 and 1987, they had been absent from the region's tour circuit for over four years before Zoo TV.<a href="#cite_note-dlp139-59">[58]</a> The US concert business was in a slump at the time, and the routing of the first tour's two legs generally afforded only one show per city.<a href="#cite_note-dlp139-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-bb111691-60">[59]</a> This was intended to announce the band's return to major cities, to gauge demand for ticket sales, and to re-introduce the notion of a "hot ticket" to concertgoers.<a href="#cite_note-dlp139-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-bb111691-60">[59]</a> Ticket sale arrangements varied from city to city, but in each case, a ticket limit per purchase was enforced.<a href="#cite_note-amusebiz-feb92-61">[60]</a> The band minimized the amount of shows for which tickets were sold at physical box offices, preferring to sell over the telephone instead.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> In cities where <a href="/wiki/Ticket_resale" title="Ticket resale">scalping</a> was rampant, only telephone sales were offered, allowing ticket brokers to cancel duplicate orders.<a href="#cite_note-amusebiz-feb92-61">[60]</a> Tickets for the opening show on 29 February in <a href="/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida" title="Lakeland, Florida">Lakeland, Florida</a>, sold out over the phone in four minutes,<a href="#cite_note-mcg142-58">[57]</a> with demand exceeding supply by a factor of ten to one.<a href="#cite_note-dlp139-59">[58]</a> Several cities' telephone systems were overwhelmed when Zoo TV tickets went on sale; Los Angeles telephone company <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Bell" title="Pacific Bell">Pacific Bell</a> reported 54 million calls in a four-hour period, while Boston's telephone system was temporarily shut down.<a href="#cite_note-britqueue-63">[62]</a> On 19 February, the band departed Dublin for the US to prepare for the tour.<a href="#cite_note-dlp140-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcg142-58">[57]</a> While rehearsing in Lakeland for opening night, Eno consulted U2 on the visual aspects of the show.<a href="#cite_note-tv-station-17">[16]</a> Unlike many of the group's previous tours, which began ahead of or coincident with the release of a new album, Zoo TV started four months after Achtung Baby was released, giving fans more time to familiarise themselves with the new songs. By opening night, the album had already sold three million copies in the US and seven million worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-nyt031592-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-usa030692-13">[12]</a> Details of the second leg of the tour were first released on 30 April with the announcement of four UK arena shows.<a href="#cite_note-britqueue-63">[62]</a> Ticketing details were kept secret until radio advertisements announced that tickets had gone on sale at box offices.<a href="#cite_note-dlp146-64">[63]</a> In many cases, tickets were limited to two per person to deter scalping.<a href="#cite_note-britqueue-63">[62]</a> Due to the production costs and relatively small arena crowds, the European arena leg lost money. McGuinness had planned larger outdoor concerts in Berlin, Turin, Poland, and Vienna to help the tour break even, but only the Vienna concert occurred.<a href="#cite_note-dlp146-64">[63]</a> Plans for stadium shows were first mentioned by Iredale in March 1992,<a href="#cite_note-amuse-mar92-43">[42]</a> but not confirmed until the 23 April announcement of the "Outside Broadcast" leg in North America. It was accompanied by details of two concerts, for which tickets went on sale two days later.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> While U2 were motivated to play stadiums by pragmatic concerns, they saw it as an artistic challenge as well, imagining what artists <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a> or <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a> would have done with such spaces.<a href="#cite_note-zooradio-67">[66]</a> Rehearsals for "Outside Broadcast" began in <a href="/wiki/Hersheypark_Stadium" title="Hersheypark Stadium">Hersheypark Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hershey,_Pennsylvania" title="Hershey, Pennsylvania">Hershey, Pennsylvania</a>, on 2 August 1992.<a href="#cite_note-mcg150-68">[67]</a> To accommodate fans who had been camping outside the venue to listen, the band held a public dress rehearsal concert on 7 August,<a href="#cite_note-usa081292-30">[29]</a> with half-price tickets benefiting five local charities.<a href="#cite_note-mcg150-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Technical problems and pacing issues forced refinement to the show.<a href="#cite_note-usa081292-30">[29]</a> On 5 August, six days before the official leg-opening concert at <a href="/wiki/Giants_Stadium" title="Giants Stadium">Giants Stadium</a>, the group delayed the show by a day, due to the difficulty of assembling the large outdoor production.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> By the time "Outside Broadcast" began, Achtung Baby had sold four million copies in the US.<a href="#cite_note-app081492-71">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_5.jpg/150px-Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_5.jpg/225px-Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_5.jpg/300px-Bono_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Bono during a performance on the Australian leg of the tour in 1993</figcaption></figure> The "Zooropa" leg was announced in late November 1992, and tickets for the British concerts were put on sale on 28 November.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> The leg, which began in May 1993, was U2's first full stadium tour of Europe and marked the first time they had visited certain areas.<a href="#cite_note-dlp160-53">[52]</a> For the "Zoomerang" leg, the band faced difficulties with booking concerts in Sydney, Australia, where they wanted to stage a worldwide television broadcast to end the tour. In early August 1993, after the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground_Trust" title="Sydney Cricket Ground Trust">Sydney Cricket Ground Trust</a> rejected the band's application to perform at the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Football_Stadium_(1988)" title="Sydney Football Stadium (1988)">Sydney Football Stadium</a> in November, Bono publicly questioned the city's viability as a candidate to host the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Summer Olympics</a>; the trust's decision was made despite allowing concerts by <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> to be held at <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground" title="Sydney Cricket Ground">Sydney Cricket Ground</a> in November. McGuinness faxed all 29 members of the Sydney Olympics 2000 Bid Committee to inform them of the situation.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Fahey_(politician)" title="John Fahey (politician)">John Fahey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a>, personally intervened to allow the Sydney concerts to take place, and an announcement was made on 15 August confirming them.<a href="#cite_note-sydney-confirm-74">[73]</a> Tickets for the Sydney and Melbourne shows went on sale on 23 August.<a href="#cite_note-sydney-confirm-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Scheduling for the "Zoomerang" leg afforded the band more off-days between shows than previous legs, but this amplified the exhaustion and restlessness that had set in by the tour's end.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> Although Zoo TV was listed as co-sponsored by <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nyt081592-77">[76]</a> the group decided against explicit corporate sponsorship.<a href="#cite_note-usa081292-30">[29]</a> The daily cost of producing the tour was US$125,000, regardless of whether a show was held on a given day.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Band members, especially Mullen, were uncertain that the tour would be profitable.<a href="#cite_note-usa081292-30">[29]</a> One of their chief concerns was how to procure Philips's costly Vidiwalls, which were priced at US$4–5 million.<a href="#cite_note-flan37-79">[78]</a> No rental company owned the video screens.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-apr92-35">[34]</a> McGuinness instead lobbied for Philips to provide the equipment at no cost; since U2 were signed to <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a>, which was owned by Philips subsidiary <a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a>, McGuinness and the band thought there was a natural corporate synergy to Philips providing the equipment for a PolyGram artist's tour.<a href="#cite_note-flan37-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-m235-80">[79]</a> PolyGram CEO <a href="/wiki/Alain_Levy" title="Alain Levy">Alain Levy</a> was unable to convince Philips to help, and the band had to pay for the Vidiwalls themselves;<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Levy did convince PolyGram to contribute about US$500,000 to the tour as a gesture of goodwill.<a href="#cite_note-flan37-79">[78]</a> In order to defray the heavy expenses of the Pacific shows, U2 asked for large guarantees from local <a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">promoters</a> up front, rather than sharing the financial burden as they had in the past. This sometimes caused promoters to raise ticket prices above usual levels, which in turn sometimes resulted in less than full houses.<a href="#cite_note-flanagan-484-82">[81]</a> Profit margin was a slim four to five per cent at most sold-out shows.<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Show_overview">Show overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Show overview">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-show">Pre-show</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pre-show">edit</a>]</div> During the time between the support acts and U2's performance, a <a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">disc jockey</a> played records for the audience. For the 1992 legs, Irish rock journalist and radio presenter <a href="/wiki/BP_Fallon" title="BP Fallon">BP Fallon</a> filled the role. Originally hired to write the Zoo TV tour programme,<a href="#cite_note-mcg141-56">[55]</a> he played music inside a Trabant on the B-stage, while providing commentary and wearing a cape and top hat.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> His official title was "Guru, Viber and DJ".<a href="#cite_note-mcg141-56">[55]</a> He hosted Zoo Radio, a November 1992 radio special that showcased live performances, audio oddities, and half-serious interviews with members of U2 and the opening acts.<a href="#cite_note-zooradio-67">[66]</a> Two other DJs replaced him later on the tour: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Oakenfold" title="Paul Oakenfold">Paul Oakenfold</a>, who became one of the world's most prominent club DJs by the decade's end;<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> and Colin Hudd.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> For the 1993 concerts, U2 invited Irish theatre group <a href="/wiki/Macnas" title="Macnas">Macnas</a> to join the tour and perform between the support acts. The troupe wore oversized <a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">papier-mâché</a> heads of the members of U2 and playacted a miming parody of them.<a href="#cite_note-flan242-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Writer <a href="/wiki/Bill_Flanagan" title="Bill Flanagan">Bill Flanagan</a> described the performances as "the jesters mocking the kings".<a href="#cite_note-flan242-86">[85]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Zoo TV wasn't a set piece, it was a state of mind. It was constantly evolving and changing and taking on new ideas as it went ... We changed it consciously for each new area of the world. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">The Edge</a><a href="#cite_note-m238-88">[87]</a></cite></div> </div> Beginning with the 24 May 1992 show, Fallon played the song "Television, the Drug of the Nation" by hip-hop group <a href="/wiki/The_Disposable_Heroes_of_Hiphoprisy" title="The Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy">the Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy</a> just before the lights were turned off and U2 took the stage.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> The band believed that the song, a commentary on mass media culture, encapsulated some of the tour's principal themes.<a href="#cite_note-zooradio-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-flanagan-93-91">[90]</a> The Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy became one of the support acts for the "Outside Broadcast" leg, and after their stint, "Television" was retained for the remainder of the tour as the pre-show closing song.<a href="#cite_note-flanagan-93-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-efc-92">[91]</a> After the lights were turned off, one of several video introductions was played on-screen to accompany the group taking the stage. During the "Outside Broadcast" leg, the piece was one by Emergency Broadcast Network that edited together various video clips of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> to give the impression of him singing <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/We_Will_Rock_You" title="We Will Rock You">We Will Rock You</a>". A different introduction, created by Ned O'Hanlon and Maurice Linnane of Dreamchaser video productions, was used on the 1993 legs.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> This introduction reflected U2's growing concern with the volatile political situation in <a href="/wiki/Post-communism" title="Post-communism">post-communist</a> Europe and the resurgence of <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radical</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> at the time.<a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> It featured footage from <a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a>'s Nazi propaganda films <a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> mixed with sounds from Lenin's Favourite Songs, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven's</a> <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">Ninth Symphony</a>, and voices asking "What do you want?" in different European languages. A visual of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">flag of Europe</a> was displayed, which then crumbled after one of the stars fell off.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_set">Main set</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Main set">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Edge_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Edge_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993.jpg/220px-The_Edge_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Edge_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993.jpg/330px-The_Edge_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Edge_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993.jpg/440px-The_Edge_performing_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_in_Melbourne_Nov_13_1993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>The Edge in 1993 during a performance of "The Fly", accompanied by the video screens rapidly flashing words and aphorisms</figcaption></figure> The concerts began with a fixed sequence of six to eight consecutive Achtung Baby songs, a further sign that they were no longer the U2 of the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-mcg143-31">[30]</a> For the opening song, "<a href="/wiki/Zoo_Station_(song)" title="Zoo Station (song)">Zoo Station</a>", Bono entered as his primary stage persona, "The Fly", appearing silhouetted against a giant screen of blue and white <a href="/wiki/Noise_(video)" title="Noise (video)">video noise</a> interwoven with glimpses of photo-copied animations of the band members.<a href="#cite_note-Flanagan_1996,_p._61-96">[95]</a> "<a href="/wiki/The_Fly_(U2_song)" title="The Fly (U2 song)">The Fly</a>" was usually performed next, with the video monitors flashing a rapidly changing array of words and aphorisms. Some of these included "Taste is the enemy of art", "Religion is a club", "Ignorance is bliss", "Watch more TV", "Believe" with letters fading out to leave "lie", and "Everything you know is wrong".<a href="#cite_note-superfly-97">[96]</a> During the first week of the tour, media outlets incorrectly reported that the words shown included "Bomb Japan Now", forcing the band to issue a statement denying the claim.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> Before performances of "<a href="/wiki/Even_Better_Than_the_Real_Thing" title="Even Better Than the Real Thing">Even Better Than the Real Thing</a>", Bono <a href="/wiki/Channel_surf" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel surf">channel surfed</a> through live television programming,<a href="#cite_note-tv-station-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> and during the song, as random images from television and pop culture flashed on screen, he filmed himself and the rest of the band with a <a href="/wiki/Camcorder" title="Camcorder">camcorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt031192-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> In a Zoo Radio interview, the Edge described the visual material that accompanied the first three songs:<a href="#cite_note-zooradio-67">[66]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"'Zoo Station' is four minutes of a television that's not tuned into any station, but giving you interference and shash and almost a TV picture. 'The Fly' is information meltdown—text, sayings, truisms, untruisms, oxymorons, soothsayings, etc., all blasted at high speed, just fast enough so it's impossible to actually read what's being said. 'Even Better Than the Real Thing' is whatever happens to be flying around the stratosphere on that night. Satellite TV pictures, the weather, shopping channel, cubic zirconium diamond rings, religious channels, soap operas ..."</blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_(20).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%2820%29.jpg/220px-U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%2820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%2820%29.jpg/330px-U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%2820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%2820%29.jpg/440px-U2_performing_in_Foxborough_on_Zoo_TV_Tour_8-20-1992_%2820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4812" data-file-height="3084" /></a><figcaption>Bono helps a fan film the Edge with a video camera during an August 1992 concert</figcaption></figure> "<a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Ways_(song)" title="Mysterious Ways (song)">Mysterious Ways</a>" featured a <a href="/wiki/Belly_dance" title="Belly dance">belly dancer</a> on-stage, tempting Bono and dancing just out of his reach.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> Initially, Floridian fan Christina Petro filled the role. After appearing outside the venue of the band's final dress rehearsal in a belly-dancing outfit, the crew invited her inside to dance with Bono to lighten the mood. The group liked their interaction and that it made reference to the belly dancer in the song's music video, and she accepted an invitation to join the tour.<a href="#cite_note-mcg143-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-m238-88">[87]</a> For the "Outside Broadcast" leg, tour choreographer <a href="/wiki/Morleigh_Steinberg" title="Morleigh Steinberg">Morleigh Steinberg</a> took over the role.<a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-243-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Performances of "<a href="/wiki/One_(U2_song)" title="One (U2 song)">One</a>" were accompanied by the title word shown in many languages, as well as Mark Pellington-directed video clips of <a href="/wiki/American_Bison" class="mw-redirect" title="American Bison">buffalos</a> culminating with David Wojnarowicz's "Falling Buffalo" photograph.<a href="#cite_note-nyt031192-99">[98]</a> For "<a href="/wiki/Until_the_End_of_the_World_(song)" title="Until the End of the World (song)">Until the End of the World</a>", Bono often played with a camera, kissing the lens and thrusting it into his crotch, a stark contrast from his more earnest stage behaviour of the past.<a href="#cite_note-nyt031592-4">[3]</a> Beginning with "Outside Broadcast", the band began playing "<a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day_(U2_song)" title="New Year's Day (U2 song)">New Year's Day</a>" afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-u2gigszoo-104">[103]</a> During "<a href="/wiki/Tryin%27_to_Throw_Your_Arms_Around_the_World" title="Tryin' to Throw Your Arms Around the World">Tryin' to Throw Your Arms Around the World</a>", Bono danced with a young female fan from the crowd (a ritual he had done more solemnly on past tours), shared camcorder video filming duties with her, and sprayed champagne.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> At this point in the show, Mullen sometimes sang a solo performance of "<a href="/wiki/Dirty_Old_Town" title="Dirty Old Town">Dirty Old Town</a>".<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> The group played many Achtung Baby songs very similarly to the way they had appeared on record.<a href="#cite_note-nyt031192-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> Since this material was complex and layered, most numbers featuring pre-recorded or offstage percussion, keyboard, or guitar elements underlying the U2 members' live instrumentals and vocals.<a href="#cite_note-nyt031192-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-app032092-108">[107]</a> The band had used backing tracks in live performance before, but with the need to sync live performance to Zoo TV's high-tech visuals, almost the entire show was synced and sequenced. This practice has continued on their subsequent tours.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U2_Kiel_13_juni_1992_-_Jeroen_Polman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/U2_Kiel_13_juni_1992_-_Jeroen_Polman.jpg/220px-U2_Kiel_13_juni_1992_-_Jeroen_Polman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/U2_Kiel_13_juni_1992_-_Jeroen_Polman.jpg/330px-U2_Kiel_13_juni_1992_-_Jeroen_Polman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/U2_Kiel_13_juni_1992_-_Jeroen_Polman.jpg/440px-U2_Kiel_13_juni_1992_-_Jeroen_Polman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2328" data-file-height="1589" /></a><figcaption>U2 during a B-stage performance in <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> in June 1992</figcaption></figure> The middle segment of shows featured the band performing on the B-stage, which was intended "to be the antidote to Zoo TV".<a href="#cite_note-zooradio-67">[66]</a> The idea had been inspired by the successful informality of the <a href="/wiki/Elvis_(1968_TV_program)" title="Elvis (1968 TV program)">Elvis Presley '68 Comeback Special</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jobling-227-111">[110]</a> From the B-stage, the band played quieter songs, such as acoustic arrangements of "<a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Harlem" title="Angel of Harlem">Angel of Harlem</a>", "<a href="/wiki/When_Love_Comes_to_Town" title="When Love Comes to Town">When Love Comes to Town</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Stay_(Faraway,_So_Close!)" title="Stay (Faraway, So Close!)">Stay (Faraway, So Close!)</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Satellite_of_Love" title="Satellite of Love">Satellite of Love</a>".<a href="#cite_note-u2gigszoo-104">[103]</a> Many critics compared the B-stage performances to "<a href="/wiki/Busking" class="mw-redirect" title="Busking">busking</a>" and singled them out as the shows' highlights.<a href="#cite_note-hpfeature-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-sfchron-112">[111]</a> After leaving the B-stage, U2 often played "<a href="/wiki/Bad_(U2_song)" title="Bad (U2 song)">Bad</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Sunday_Bloody_Sunday" title="Sunday Bloody Sunday">Sunday Bloody Sunday</a>",<a href="#cite_note-u2gigszoo-104">[103]</a> with performances of "<a href="/wiki/Bullet_the_Blue_Sky" title="Bullet the Blue Sky">Bullet the Blue Sky</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Running_to_Stand_Still" title="Running to Stand Still">Running to Stand Still</a>" following. For "Bullet the Blue Sky", the video screens displayed burning crosses and <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastikas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tv-station-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-greatestshow-113">[112]</a> During "Running to Stand Still", Bono mimed the actions of a heroin addict from the B-stage, rolling up his sleeves and then pretending to spike his arm during the final lyric.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> Afterwards, red and yellow smoke flares ignited from either end of the B-stage,<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> before the band re-grouped on the main stage to play older songs with more sincerity.<a href="#cite_note-nyt081592-77">[76]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Where_the_Streets_Have_No_Name" title="Where the Streets Have No Name">Where the Streets Have No Name</a>" was accompanied by sped-up video of the group in the desert from The Joshua Tree's photo shoot.<a href="#cite_note-rockbig-116">[115]</a> U2 often finished their set with "<a href="/wiki/Pride_(In_the_Name_of_Love)" title="Pride (In the Name of Love)">Pride (In the Name of Love)</a>" while a clip from <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>'s famed 3 April 1968 "<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Been_to_the_Mountaintop" title="I've Been to the Mountaintop">I've Been to the Mountaintop</a>" speech was played on the video screens.<a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> The group was initially unconvinced that the leap from the rest of the show's irony and artifice to something more sincere would be successful, but they thought that it was important to demonstrate that certain ideals were so strong and true that they could be held onto no matter the circumstance.<a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> The group alternated between performing "<a href="/wiki/I_Still_Haven%27t_Found_What_I%27m_Looking_For" title="I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For">I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For</a>" acoustically on the B-stage and using it to conclude the main set.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encore">Encore</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Encore">edit</a>]</div> Beginning with the "Outside Broadcast" leg, footage from the tour's "video <a href="/wiki/Confessional" title="Confessional">confessional</a> booth" was displayed on the video screens during the intermission.<a href="#cite_note-mcg151-118">[117]</a> Before each concert, fans were encouraged to visit the booth—a converted <a href="/wiki/Chemical_toilet" title="Chemical toilet">chemical toilet</a> near the mix station—and record a 20-second confession. The video crew would then edit together the confessional footage to broadcast later that evening before the encore.<a href="#cite_note-mt-animal-magic-38">[37]</a> The "confessions" varied from a woman flashing her breasts to a man revealing he had injured people in a drunk-driving <a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision" title="Traffic collision">incident</a>.<a href="#cite_note-m235-80">[79]</a> The inspiration for the video confessional came the day before the "Outside Broadcast" leg officially began.<a href="#cite_note-mcg151-118">[117]</a> For encores, Bono returned to the stage as a different alter ego—Mirror Ball Man in 1992, and MacPhisto in 1993. Performances of "<a href="/wiki/Desire_(U2_song)" title="Desire (U2 song)">Desire</a>" were accompanied by images of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gascoigne" title="Paul Gascoigne">Paul Gascoigne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Swaggart" title="Jimmy Swaggart">Jimmy Swaggart</a>, and were meant as a criticism of greed;<a href="#cite_note-rockbig-116">[115]</a> cash rained the stage and Bono portrayed Mirror Ball Man as an interpretation of the greedy preacher described in the song's lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-flan62-119">[118]</a> Bono often made a <a href="/wiki/Crank_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Crank call">crank call</a> from the stage as his persona of the time.<a href="#cite_note-m235-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-rockbig-116">[115]</a> Such calls included dialing a <a href="/wiki/Phone_sex" title="Phone sex">phone sex</a> hotline, requesting a <a href="/wiki/Taxi_cab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxi cab">taxi cab</a>, ordering 10,000 pizzas (the Detroit pizza parlor delivered 100 pizzas during the show), or contacting a local politician.<a href="#cite_note-m235-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-flan245-120">[119]</a> Bono regularly called the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in an attempt to contact President Bush. Though Bono never reached the President, Bush did acknowledge the calls during a press conference.<a href="#cite_note-m235-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_(Light_My_Way)" title="Ultraviolet (Light My Way)">Ultraviolet (Light My Way)</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/With_or_Without_You" title="With or Without You">With or Without You</a>" were frequently played afterwards. Concerts initially ended with Achtung Baby's slower "<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_Blindness" title="Love Is Blindness">Love Is Blindness</a>".<a href="#cite_note-u2gigszoo-104">[103]</a> Beginning with the "Outside Broadcast" shows,<a href="#cite_note-u2gigszoo-104">[103]</a> it was often followed by Bono's <a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">falsetto</a> take on <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>'s long-time show-closing ballad, "<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Help_Falling_in_Love" title="Can't Help Falling in Love">Can't Help Falling in Love</a>", culminating in Bono softly stating that "Elvis is still in the building".<a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> Both songs presented a low-key, introspective conclusion to the show, in contrast to the dynamic, aggressive opening; the group also wanted to move away from its tradition of ending concerts with the fan sing-along favourite "<a href="/wiki/40_(song)" title="40 (song)">40</a>".<a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> The night finished with a single video message being displayed: "Thanks for shopping at Zoo TV".<a href="#cite_note-usa081492-122">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guest_appearances">Guest appearances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Guest appearances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VeteransStadiumAfterZooTV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A side shot of a concert stage as a crew disassembles it at night. The stadium it is built in is empty and lit up." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/VeteransStadiumAfterZooTV.jpg/220px-VeteransStadiumAfterZooTV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/VeteransStadiumAfterZooTV.jpg/330px-VeteransStadiumAfterZooTV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/VeteransStadiumAfterZooTV.jpg/440px-VeteransStadiumAfterZooTV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1703" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Side view of the stage at <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Stadium" title="Veterans Stadium">Veterans Stadium</a> in Philadelphia after a September 1992 concert</figcaption></figure> On 11 June 1992, <a href="/wiki/Benny_Andersson" title="Benny Andersson">Benny Andersson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ulvaeus" title="Björn Ulvaeus">Björn Ulvaeus</a> of <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a> appeared on-stage in Stockholm for the first time in years to perform "<a href="/wiki/Dancing_Queen" title="Dancing Queen">Dancing Queen</a>" with U2;<a href="#cite_note-mcg148-123">[122]</a> the song had been frequently covered on the tour up to that point.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> Other guest performers on the tour included <a href="/wiki/Axl_Rose" title="Axl Rose">Axl Rose</a>,<a href="#cite_note-prop-tour-33">[32]</a> Jo Shankar,<a href="#cite_note-dlp160-53">[52]</a> and Achtung Baby co-producer <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lanois" title="Daniel Lanois">Daniel Lanois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> On 19 June 1992, during the European indoor leg, U2 played the "<a href="/wiki/Stop_Sellafield" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop Sellafield">Stop Sellafield</a>" concert in Manchester, alongside <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy (group)">Public Enemy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Big_Audio_Dynamite_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Audio Dynamite II">Big Audio Dynamite II</a>, to protest the operation of a second <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">nuclear fuel reprocessing</a> plant at Sellafield.<a href="#cite_note-mcg148-123">[122]</a> The following morning, U2 and other protesters participated in a demonstration against the facility organised by <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a>. Wearing white <a href="/wiki/NBC_suit" title="NBC suit">radiation suits</a>, the band members landed on the beach at Sellafield in rubber dinghies and placed a 3-kilometre-long (1.9 mi) line of 700 placards on the shore spelling out "React – Stop Sellafield" for the waiting media.<a href="#cite_note-mcg148-123">[122]</a> At the first "Outside Broadcast" show on 12 August 1992 at Giants Stadium, Lou Reed performed "Satellite of Love" with the band;<a href="#cite_note-mcg151-118">[117]</a> he and Bono dueted using their contrasting vocal styles.<a href="#cite_note-nydn081392-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-app081492-71">[70]</a> Bono re-confirmed the singer's influence on the band by announcing, "Every song we've ever written was a rip-off of a Lou Reed song."<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> For the second show and the remainder of the tour, a taping of Reed singing the song was used for a virtual duet between him and Bono.<a href="#cite_note-mcg151-118">[117]</a> Novelist <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a> joined the band on stage in London's <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)" title="Wembley Stadium (1923)">Wembley Stadium</a> on 11 August 1993, despite the death <a href="/wiki/Fatw%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatwā">fatwā</a> against the author and the risk of violence arising from his controversial novel <a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Verses" title="The Satanic Verses">The Satanic Verses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> In reference to the novel's satanic references, Rushdie, when confronted by Bono's MacPhisto character, observed that "real devils don't wear horns".<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> In 2010, Clayton recalled that "Bono had been calling Salman Rushdie from the stage every night on the Zoo TV tour. When we played Wembley, Salman showed up in person and the stadium erupted. You [could] tell from Larry's face that we weren't expecting it. Salman was a regular visitor after that. He had a backstage pass and he used it as often as possible. For a man who was supposed to be in hiding, it was remarkably easy to see him around the place."<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bono's_stage_personae">Bono's stage personae</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bono's stage personae">edit</a>]</div> Bono assumed a number of costumed alter egos during Zoo TV performances. The three main personae that he used on stage were "<a href="/wiki/The_Fly_(U2_song)" title="The Fly (U2 song)">The Fly</a>", "Mirror Ball Man", and "MacPhisto". During performances of "Bullet the Blue Sky" and "Running to Stand Still", he also appeared on stage wearing a military utility vest and cap, and a microphone headset. As this character, he ranted and raved in an act he said was set in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> To escape their reputation for being overly serious and self-righteous, U2 decided to alter their image by being more facetious.<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a> Bono said, "All through the Eighties we tried to be ourselves and failed when the lights were on. Which is what set us up for Zoo TV. We decided to have some fun being other people, or at least other versions of ourselves."<a href="#cite_note-m234-14">[13]</a> The Edge said, "We were quite thrilled at the prospect of smashing U2 and starting all over again."<a href="#cite_note-nyt031592-4">[3]</a> The group viewed humour as the appropriate response to their negative perception and that although their message would not change, they needed to change how they delivered it to their audience.<a href="#cite_note-fricke-2">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Fly">The Fly</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Fly">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bono_as_The_Fly_Cleveland_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bono with black hair, black sunglasses, and black leather attire speaks into a microphone." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bono_as_The_Fly_Cleveland_1992.jpg/170px-Bono_as_The_Fly_Cleveland_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bono_as_The_Fly_Cleveland_1992.jpg/255px-Bono_as_The_Fly_Cleveland_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bono_as_The_Fly_Cleveland_1992.jpg/340px-Bono_as_The_Fly_Cleveland_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>Bono in 1992 as his persona "The Fly", a leather-clad egomaniac meant to parody rock stardom</figcaption></figure> Bono conceived his "Fly" persona during the writing of the song of the same name. The character began with Bono wearing an oversized pair of <a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">blaxploitation</a> sunglasses, given to him by wardrobe manager Fintan Fitzgerald, to lighten the mood in the studio.<a href="#cite_note-mcg134-5-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-comp-131">[130]</a> Bono wrote the song's lyrics as this character, composing a sequence of "single-line aphorisms".<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> He developed the persona into a leather-clad egomaniac, describing his outfit as having Lou Reed's glasses, Elvis Presley's jacket, and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Morrison" title="Jim Morrison">Jim Morrison</a>'s leather trousers.<a href="#cite_note-legends-133">[132]</a> To match the character's dark fashion, Bono dyed his naturally-brown hair black.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> Bono began each concert as The Fly and continued to play the character for most of the first half of the concert. In contrast to his earnest stage persona of the 1980s, as The Fly, Bono strutted around the stage with "swagger and style", exhibiting mannerisms of an egotistical rock star.<a href="#cite_note-mcg143-31">[30]</a> He adopted the mindset that he was "licensed to be an egomaniac".<a href="#cite_note-zooradio-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-forus-135">[134]</a> He often stayed in character away from the tour stage, including for public appearances and when staying in hotels.<a href="#cite_note-rs-fly-136">[135]</a> He said, "That rather cracked character could say things that I couldn't",<a href="#cite_note-comp-131">[130]</a> and that it offered him a greater freedom of speech.<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mirror_Ball_Man">Mirror Ball Man</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mirror Ball Man">edit</a>]</div> As the Mirror Ball Man, Bono dressed in a shining silver <a href="/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)" title="Lamé (fabric)">lamé</a> suit with matching shoes and cowboy hat.<a href="#cite_note-flan62-119">[118]</a> The character was meant to parody greedy American <a href="/wiki/Televangelist" class="mw-redirect" title="Televangelist">televangelists</a>, showmen, and car salesman, and was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Phil Ochs</a>' Elvis persona from his 1970 tour.<a href="#cite_note-Flanagan_1996,_p._61-96">[95]</a> Bono said that the character represented "a kind of showman America. He had the confidence and charm to pick up a mirror and look at himself and give the glass a big kiss. He loved cash and in his mind success was God's blessing. If he's made money, he can't have made any mistakes."<a href="#cite_note-m238-88">[87]</a> As the character, Bono spoke with an exaggerated <a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Southern US accent</a>. Mirror Ball Man appeared during the show's encore and made nightly prank calls, often to the White House.<a href="#cite_note-flan62-119">[118]</a> Bono portrayed this alter ego on the first three legs of the tour, but replaced him with MacPhisto for the 1993 legs.<a href="#cite_note-flan228-137">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MacPhisto">MacPhisto</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: MacPhisto">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U2_in_Sydney_(49121303468).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/U2_in_Sydney_%2849121303468%29.jpg/220px-U2_in_Sydney_%2849121303468%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/U2_in_Sydney_%2849121303468%29.jpg/330px-U2_in_Sydney_%2849121303468%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/U2_in_Sydney_%2849121303468%29.jpg/440px-U2_in_Sydney_%2849121303468%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4540" data-file-height="3273" /></a><figcaption>Bono (left) in 2019 with a fan dressed as MacPhisto</figcaption></figure> MacPhisto was created to parody the devil and was named after <a href="/wiki/Mephistopheles" title="Mephistopheles">Mephistopheles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Faust_(opera)" title="Faust (opera)">Faust</a> legend.<a href="#cite_note-flan228-137">[136]</a> Initially called "Mr. Gold", MacPhisto wore a gold lamé suit with gold platform shoes, pale makeup, lipstick, and devil's horns on his head.<a href="#cite_note-mcg160-138">[137]</a> As MacPhisto, Bono spoke with an exaggerated upper-class English accent, similar to that of a down-on-his-luck character actor.<a href="#cite_note-flan228-137">[136]</a> The character was created as a European replacement for the American-influenced Mirror Ball Man.<a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-flan228-137">[136]</a> The initial inspiration for MacPhisto came from a character in the stage musical <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider" title="The Black Rider">The Black Rider</a>, a performance of which Bono and the Edge attended in January 1993.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> The MacPhisto character was realised during rehearsal the night before U2's first 1993 show.<a href="#cite_note-lat042097-140">[139]</a> According to Bono, "We came up with a sort of old English Devil, a pop star long past his prime returning regularly from sessions on The Strip in Vegas and regaling anyone who would listen to him at cocktail hour with stories from the good old, bad old days."<a href="#cite_note-m248-141">[140]</a> MacPhisto sang the closing "Can't Help Falling in Love" in an oddly childlike manner that many reviewers found one of the most poignant moments of the show.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> As MacPhisto, Bono continued his routine of making in-concert prank calls that had begun with Mirror Ball Man, and he changed his targets with the location of each show. Many of them were local politicians who Bono wished to mock by engaging them in character as the devil.<a href="#cite_note-flan245-120">[119]</a> Among his targets were the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>, Bénédict Hentsch, the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessandra_Mussolini" title="Alessandra Mussolini">Alessandra Mussolini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Janmaat" title="Hans Janmaat">Hans Janmaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Tapie" title="Bernard Tapie">Bernard Tapie</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Gummer" title="John Gummer">John Gummer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Henry_T._Olsen" title="Jan Henry T. Olsen">Jan Henry T. Olsen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-superfly-97">[96]</a> Bono enjoyed making these calls, saying, "When you're dressed as the Devil, your conversation is immediately loaded, so if you tell somebody you really like what they're doing, you know it's not a compliment."<a href="#cite_note-m248-141">[140]</a> The band intended MacPhisto to add humour while making a point. The Edge said: "That character was a great device for saying the opposite of what you meant. It made the point so easily and with real humor."<a href="#cite_note-m248-141">[140]</a> A female Cardiff fan who was pulled on-stage questioned Bono's motives for dressing as the devil, prompting the singer to compare his act to the plot of the <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> novel <a href="/wiki/The_Screwtape_Letters" title="The Screwtape Letters">The Screwtape Letters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sarajevo_satellite_transmissions">Sarajevo satellite transmissions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sarajevo satellite transmissions">edit</a>]</div> Several European shows in 1993 featured live satellite link-ups with people living in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">city was sieged</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>. The transmissions were arranged with help from American aid worker <a href="/wiki/Bill_Carter" title="Bill Carter">Bill Carter</a>. Before their 3 July show in <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, the band met with Carter to give an interview about Bosnia for <a href="/wiki/Radiotelevision_of_Bosnia-Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiotelevision of Bosnia-Herzegovina">Radio Televizija Bosne I Hercegovina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> Carter described his experiences helping Sarajevans amidst the dangerous conditions.<a href="#cite_note-link-147">[146]</a> While in the city, Carter had seen a television interview on MTV in which Bono mentioned the theme of the "Zooropa" leg was a unified Europe. Carter felt such an aim was empty if Bosnia went overlooked, and so he sought Bono's help.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> He requested that U2 visit Sarajevo to bring attention to the war and break the "<a href="/wiki/Media_fatigue" title="Media fatigue">media fatigue</a>" that had occurred from covering the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> Bono wanted the band to play a concert in the city, but their tour schedule prevented this, and McGuinness believed that a concert there would make them and their audience targets for the Serbian aggressors.<a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> Instead, the group agreed to use the tour's satellite dish to conduct live video transmissions between their concerts and Carter in Sarajevo.<a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> Carter returned to the city and was able to assemble a video unit. The band had to purchase a satellite dish to be sent to Sarajevo and had to pay a £100,000 fee to join the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU).<a href="#cite_note-link-147">[146]</a> Once set up, the band began satellite link-ups to Sarajevo on a near nightly basis, the first one airing on 17 July 1993 in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-flan300-149">[148]</a> To connect with the EBU satellite feeds, Carter and two co-workers had to traverse "<a href="/wiki/Sniper_Alley" title="Sniper Alley">Sniper Alley</a>" at night to reach the Sarajevo television station, and they had to film with as little light as possible to avoid the attention of snipers.<a href="#cite_note-flan300-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-j49-150">[149]</a> This was done ten times over the course of a month. Carter discussed the deteriorating situation in the city, and Bosnians often spoke to U2 and their audience.<a href="#cite_note-flan300-149">[148]</a> These grim interviews deviated from the rest of the show, and they were completely unscripted, leaving the group unsure of who would be speaking or what they would say.<a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> U2 stopped the broadcasts in August 1993 after learning that the siege of Sarajevo was being reported on the front of many British newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-j49-150">[149]</a> Though this trend had begun before the first link-up, Nathan Jackson suggested that U2's actions had brought awareness of the situation to their fans, and to the British public indirectly.<a href="#cite_note-j49-150">[149]</a> Reactions to the transmissions were mixed, triggering a media debate concerning the ethical implications of mixing rock entertainment with human tragedy.<a href="#cite_note-rs-zwo-52">[51]</a> The Edge said: "A lot of nights it felt like quite an abrupt interruption that was probably not particularly welcomed by a lot of people in the audience. You were grabbed out of a rock concert and given a really strong dose of reality and it was quite hard sometimes to get back to something as frivolous as a show having watched five or ten minutes of real human suffering."<a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> Mullen worried that the band were exploiting the Bosnians' suffering for entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> In 2002, he said: "I can't remember anything more excruciating than those Sarajevo link-ups. It was like throwing a bucket of cold water over everybody. You could see your audience going, 'What the fuck are these guys doing?' But I'm proud to have been a part of a group who were trying to do something."<a href="#cite_note-Q-int-151">[150]</a> During a transmission to the band's concert at Wembley Stadium, three women in Sarajevo told Bono via satellite: "We know you're not going to do anything for us. You're going to go back to a rock show. You're going to forget that we even exist. And we're all going to die."<a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> Some people close to the band joined the <a href="/wiki/War_Child_(charity)" title="War Child (charity)">War Child</a> charity project, including Brian Eno.<a href="#cite_note-m252-146">[145]</a> Flanagan believed that the link-ups accomplished Bono's goal for Zoo TV of "illustrating onstage the obscenity of idly flipping from a war on CNN to rock videos on MTV".<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> U2 vowed to perform in Sarajevo someday, and they ultimately fulfilled that commitment with <a href="/wiki/U2_concert_in_Sarajevo" title="U2 concert in Sarajevo">a concert on 23 September 1997</a> during their <a href="/wiki/PopMart_Tour" title="PopMart Tour">PopMart Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-m277-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recording_and_release_of_Zooropa">Recording and release of Zooropa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Recording and release of Zooropa">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zooropa" title="Zooropa">Zooropa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_mysterious_ways_em_alvalade_93_640.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An elaborate concert stage at night. Three cars hang at the stage's rear shining lights towards the performance. Video screens are located behind and to the sides of the stage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_mysterious_ways_em_alvalade_93_640.jpg/220px-1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_mysterious_ways_em_alvalade_93_640.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_mysterious_ways_em_alvalade_93_640.jpg/330px-1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_mysterious_ways_em_alvalade_93_640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_mysterious_ways_em_alvalade_93_640.jpg/440px-1993_-_Zooropa_Tour_1993-05-15_-_Lisbon_mysterious_ways_em_alvalade_93_640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>U2 performing during the "Zooropa" leg of the tour in May 1993, as the group completed the <a href="/wiki/Zooropa" title="Zooropa">Zooropa</a> album</figcaption></figure> U2 recorded their eighth studio album, Zooropa, from February to May 1993 during an extended break between the third and fourth legs of the tour. The album was originally intended as a companion <a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">EP</a> to Achtung Baby, but quickly expanded into a full LP.<a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-247-154">[153]</a> Recording could not be completed before the tour restarted, and for the first month of the "Zooropa" leg, the band flew home after shows, recording until the early morning and working on their off-days, before travelling to their next destination.<a href="#cite_note-Q-int-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-247-154">[153]</a> Clayton called the process "about the craziest thing you could do to yourself", while Mullen said of it, "It was mad, but it was mad good, as opposed to mad bad."<a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-247-154">[153]</a> McGuinness later said the band had nearly wrecked themselves in the process.<a href="#cite_note-hot-2009-155">[154]</a> The album was released on 5 July 1993.<a href="#cite_note-m248-141">[140]</a> Influenced by the tour's themes of technology and mass media,<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> Zooropa was an even greater departure in style from their earlier recordings than Achtung Baby was, incorporating further dance music influences and electronic effects. Songs from the album were incorporated into the setlists on the subsequent "Zooropa" and "Zoomerang" legs, most frequently "<a href="/wiki/Numb_(U2_song)" title="Numb (U2 song)">Numb</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Stay_(Faraway,_So_Close!)" title="Stay (Faraway, So Close!)">Stay (Faraway, So Close!)</a>".<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-u2gigszoomerang-158">[157]</a> For the "Zoomerang" leg, "<a href="/wiki/Daddy%27s_Gonna_Pay_for_Your_Crashed_Car" title="Daddy's Gonna Pay for Your Crashed Car">Daddy's Gonna Pay for Your Crashed Car</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Lemon_(U2_song)" title="Lemon (U2 song)">Lemon</a>" were added to the encore and "Dirty Day" to the main set.<a href="#cite_note-u2gigszoomerang-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadcasts,_recordings,_and_releases">Broadcasts, recordings, and releases</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Broadcasts, recordings, and releases">edit</a>]</div> On 9 September 1992, a portion of U2's performance at the <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a> was broadcast live to the <a href="/wiki/1992_MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="1992 MTV Video Music Awards">1992 MTV Video Music Awards</a>. The band performed "Even Better Than the Real Thing" while VMA host <a href="/wiki/Dana_Carvey" title="Dana Carvey">Dana Carvey</a>, dressed as his Garth persona from "<a href="/wiki/Wayne%27s_World" title="Wayne's World">Wayne's World</a>", accompanied the band on drums in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-superfly-97">[96]</a> A Zoo Radio special included live selections from 1992 shows from Toronto, Dallas, Tempe, and New York City.<a href="#cite_note-zooradio-67">[66]</a> On 28 and 29 November 1992, a television special entitled Zoo TV Featuring U2 was aired, featuring portions of several "Outside Broadcast" leg shows as well as <a href="/wiki/William_S._Burroughs" title="William S. Burroughs">William S. Burroughs</a>' reading of the sardonic poem "<a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley_(book)" title="Tornado Alley (book)">A Thanksgiving Prayer</a>". Directed by Kevin Godley, the programme was broadcast in North America on <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>, and in Europe via <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Deutschland" title="Sky Deutschland">Premiere</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_2" title="France 2">France 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rai_Uno" class="mw-redirect" title="Rai Uno">Rai Uno</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a>, TV1000, and <a href="/wiki/Veronica_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Veronica (TV channel)">Veronica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> Several 1992 shows, including the 11 June concert in Stockholm and 27 October concert in El Paso, were broadcast into the homes of fans who had won contests.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> In October 1992,<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> U2 released Achtung Baby: The Videos, The Cameos, and a Whole Lot of Interference from Zoo TV, a <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> compilation of nine <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music videos</a> from Achtung Baby. Interspersed between the music videos were clips of so-called "interference", comprising documentary footage, media clips, and other video similar to what was displayed on tour.<a href="#cite_note-prop-tour-33">[32]</a> Two November 1993 "Zoomerang" shows in Sydney were filmed on consecutive nights as part of a worldwide television broadcast. The 26 November concert was staged as a rehearsal for the production crew in advance of the official filming the following night.<a href="#cite_note-mcg169-165">[164]</a> However, Clayton, who began drinking excessively on the latter stages of the tour, was unable to perform on 26 November after experiencing an <a href="/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)" title="Blackout (drug-related amnesia)">alcoholic blackout</a>.<a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-255-166">[165]</a> The band ruled out canceling the show, since it was the only opportunity for the production crew to do a dry run of the filming.<a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-255-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> Bass <a href="/wiki/Guitar_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Guitar technician">guitar technician</a> Stuart Morgan filled in for Clayton instead, marking the first time a member of U2 had missed a concert since their earliest days. Clayton recovered in time to play the 27 November show,<a href="#cite_note-mcg169-165">[164]</a> which was broadcast in the United States on tape-delayed <a href="/wiki/Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">pay-per-view</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> U2 originally planned to produce the concert with MTV for a January 1994 "triplecast" that would have offered three different perspectives of the show on three separate television channels. After realising they had not fully developed the concept, the group cancelled the "triplecast", denying themselves income that was supposed to make the Pacific leg of the tour profitable.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> The show was subsequently released as the concert video <a href="/wiki/Zoo_TV:_Live_from_Sydney" title="Zoo TV: Live from Sydney">Zoo TV: Live from Sydney</a> in 1994,<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> and the double CD <a href="/wiki/Zoo_TV_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoo TV Live">Zoo TV Live</a> in 2006 to subscribing members of U2's website.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> The video won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Long_Form_Music_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video">Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video</a> at the <a href="/wiki/37th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="37th Annual Grammy Awards">37th Annual Grammy Awards</a> ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Critical response">edit</a>]</div> Reviews written during the initial arena legs reflected the dramatic change in U2's approach. Many critics published favourable reviews about the tour. The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a> praised the special effects for supplementing the music. The reviewer wrote, "The often-surrealistic effects always served the songs, not the other way around." The review concluded, "this magnificent multimedia production will serve as a pinnacle in rock's onstage history for sometime [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] to come".<a href="#cite_note-sfchron-112">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edna_Gundersen" title="Edna Gundersen">Edna Gundersen</a> of <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> said that U2 was dismantling its myth and wrote that the show was "a trippy and decadent concert of bedazzling visuals and adventurous music".<a href="#cite_note-usa030692-13">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a>'s Jon Wiederhorn wrote that he expected to dislike the show based upon their past stage history, "But, alas, I cannot be negative about U2 tonight. Their Zoo TV show is visually stunning, musically unparalleled, downright moving and, dammit, truly entertaining."<a href="#cite_note-jobling-227-111">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a>' Bill Graham said of the show, "U2 don't so much use every trick in the book as invent a whole new style of rock performance art." For Graham, the tour resolved any doubts he had about the band—particularly about Bono—following their reinvention with Achtung Baby.<a href="#cite_note-hpfeature-29">[28]</a> Other critics indicated befuddlement as to U2's purpose. The <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park_Press" title="Asbury Park Press">Asbury Park Press</a> wrote that the long string of Achtung Baby song presentations that opened the show made one forget about the band's past, and that "almost everything you knew about U2 a couple years ago is, in fact, wrong now".<a href="#cite_note-app032092-108">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Ledger" title="The Star-Ledger">The Star-Ledger</a> said that the band shortchanged its music with its video presentations and that especially during the opening sequence, "one was only aware of the music as a soundtrack to the real 'show'".<a href="#cite_note-nsl032092-173">[172]</a> It concluded by saying that the group had lost the sense of mystery and yearning that made it great and that they had succumbed to the style of music videos.<a href="#cite_note-nsl032092-173">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Pareles" title="Jon Pareles">Jon Pareles</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> acknowledged that U2 was trying to break its former earnest image and that they were a "vastly improved band" for being "trendy" and "funny"; yet, he commented, "U2 wants to have its artifice and its sincerity at the same time—no easy thing—and it hasn't yet made the breakthrough that will unite them."<a href="#cite_note-nyt031192-99">[98]</a> The stadium legs of the tour received more consistent praise than the arena shows. Critics noted that while the show and its <a href="/wiki/Setlist" class="mw-redirect" title="Setlist">setlist</a> were largely the same as before, the tour mostly benefited from the increased scale.<a href="#cite_note-nydn081392-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-app081492-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt081592-77">[76]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a> said that the stage "looked like a city made of television sets—an electronic Oz" and that "glitz was used not as a mere distraction (as it has been by so many video-age artists), but as a determined conceit".<a href="#cite_note-nydn081392-32">[31]</a> Gundersen also made the comparison to <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Oz</a>, saying that even though the band was dwarfed by the setting, their adventurous musicianship still shone through.<a href="#cite_note-usa081492-122">[121]</a> She concluded that the group had "deliver[ed] a brilliant high-wire act" between mocking and exploiting rock music clichés,<a href="#cite_note-usa081492-122">[121]</a> a comparison also made by stage designer Willie Williams.<a href="#cite_note-lat042097-140">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hilburn" title="Robert Hilburn">Robert Hilburn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> said of the outdoor American leg, "Zoo TV is the yardstick by which all other stadium shows will be measured."<a href="#cite_note-1000days-20">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Fricke" title="David Fricke">David Fricke</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> said that the band had "regained critical and commercial favor by negotiating an inspired balance between rock's cheap thrills and its own sense of moral burden". He praised the band for "retool[ing] themselves as wiseacres with heart and elephant bucks to burn". Fricke noted that the increased visual effects for the "Outside Broadcast" leg increased the shows' "mind-fuck" factor.<a href="#cite_note-fricke-2">[1]</a> Many critics described the tour as "<a href="/wiki/Post-modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-modern">post-modern</a>".<a href="#cite_note-fricke-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-details-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-socialhist-175">[174]</a> The writers of Rolling Stone, in a best-of-1992 issue, named U2 co-winners of "Best Band", while awarding the Zoo TV Tour honours for both "Best Tour" and "Worst Tour".<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> praised the "Zooropa" leg, with the reviewer stating, "I came as a sceptic, and left believing I had witnessed the most sophisticated meeting of technical wizardry and mojo priestcraft ever mounted."<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Fanning" title="Dave Fanning">Dave Fanning</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a> praised the "Zooropa" leg, stating, "If this is the show by which all other rock circuses must be measured, then God help the new music."<a href="#cite_note-irtimes-178">[177]</a> Fanning observed that the group, particularly Bono, exhibited "style, sex and self-assurance".<a href="#cite_note-irtimes-178">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> wrote, "No one is dancing on the edges of rock'n'roll's contradictions as effectively these days as U2."<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> The stadium legs had their detractors, as <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> called the shows a "two-hour post-modernist <a href="/wiki/Pot_Noodle" title="Pot Noodle">Pot Noodle</a> advert made by politically naive, culturally unaware squares with the help of some cool, arty people".<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Graham thought that the scale of the stadium shows led to more predictability and less interaction with the audiences.<a href="#cite_note-greatestshow-113">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fan_reaction">Fan reaction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Fan reaction">edit</a>]</div> The group and the music industry were unsure how fans would receive the tour beforehand.<a href="#cite_note-rs-fly-136">[135]</a> During the first week of shows, Bono said, "This show is a real roller coaster ride, and some people will want to get off, I'm sure." He remained optimistic that their devoted fans would continue following them, but cautioned he had no intention of resisting the glamour and fame: "Oh, but it's fun to be carried away by the hype. Where would you be without the hype? ... You can't pretend all the promotion and all the fanfare is not happening."<a href="#cite_note-usa030692-13">[12]</a> Some hardcore fans, particularly in the US, objected to the tour as a blatant sellout to commercial values,<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a> while others misinterpreted the tour's mocking of excess, believing that, according to <a href="/wiki/VH1%27s_Legends" title="VH1's Legends">VH1's Legends</a>, "U2 had 'lost it' and that Bono had become an egomaniac".<a href="#cite_note-legends-133">[132]</a> Many Christian fans were offended by the band's antics and believed they had abandoned their religious faith.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> By the outdoor legs, many fans knew what to expect, and Pareles observed that Bono's admonitions to never cheer a rock star were greeted with idolatrous applause; he concluded that the show's message of scepticism was somewhat lost on the audience and that, "No matter what Bono tells his fans, they seem likely to trust him anyway."<a href="#cite_note-nyt081592-77">[76]</a> By the end of the tour's first year, U2 had won over many fans. In a 1992 end-of-year poll, readers of <a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a> voted U2 "The Best Act in the World Today".<a href="#cite_note-forus-135">[134]</a> The band's almost clean sweep of Rolling Stone's end-of-year readers' poll—which included "Best Artist", "Best Tour", and Bono as "Sexiest Male Artist"—reconfirmed for the magazine they were the "world's biggest rock band".<a href="#cite_note-rs-fly-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_performance">Commercial performance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Commercial performance">edit</a>]</div> On the opening leg of the tour, U2 grossed US$13,215,414 and sold 528,763 tickets to 32 shows.<a href="#cite_note-dlp146-64">[63]</a> Sources gave varying box office figures for the band's entire 1992 North American itinerary; <a href="/wiki/Pollstar" title="Pollstar">Pollstar</a> reported that they grossed US$67 million from 73 shows,<a href="#cite_note-wapo010693-183">[182]</a> while Billboard reported that they grossed US$72,427,148 and sold 2,482,802 tickets to 77 concerts.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> Pollstar's reported gross figure was the highest amount by any touring artist that year, and at the time was the third-highest gross for a North American tour, behind the Rolling Stones' 1989 <a href="/wiki/Steel_Wheels/Urban_Jungle_Tour" title="Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour">Steel Wheels Tour</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Block" title="New Kids on the Block">New Kids on the Block</a>'s 1990 <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Summer_Tour" title="The Magic Summer Tour">Magic Summer Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wapo010693-183">[182]</a> U2's three sold-out shows in <a href="/wiki/Foxborough,_Massachusetts" title="Foxborough, Massachusetts">Foxborough, Massachusetts</a>, grossed US$4,594,205, ranking fourth on Amusement Business's list of top boxscores for 1992.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> Zoo TV sold 2.9 million tickets that year for North America and Europe combined.<a href="#cite_note-dlp160-53">[52]</a> The "Zooropa" stadium leg in 1993 played to more than 2.1 million people over 43 dates between 9 May and 28 August.<a href="#cite_note-dlp160-53">[52]</a> In total, the Zoo TV Tour sold about 5.3 million tickets,<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> and reportedly grossed US$151 million.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> The band incurred heavy expenses to produce the tour, leading to only a small profit.<a href="#cite_note-hot-2009-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-flanagan-484-82">[81]</a> On the tour's final stop in Japan, McGuinness confirmed that T-shirt sales, which had topped 600,000 in North America in 1992,<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> drove Zoo TV's profitability: "We grossed $30 million in T-shirt sales. Without those we'd be fucked."<a href="#cite_note-flanagan-484-82">[81]</a> Bono later said: "When we built Zoo TV, we were so close to bankruptcy that if 5% fewer people went, U2 was bankrupt. Even in our irresponsible, youthful and fatal disregard of such material matters, it was terrifying."<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Accolades">edit</a>]</div> At the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard Music Award">Billboard Music Awards</a>, U2 won for the No. 1 Boxscore Tour.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> For the Pollstar Concert Industry Awards of 1992, the band were honoured for the Most Creative Stage Production, and were nominated for Most Creative Tour Package and Major Tour of the Year.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> For their work on the Zoo TV Tour, Willie Williams and Carol Dodds won an award for Designer of the Year/Lighting at the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Live_Design" title="Live Design">Lighting Dimensions</a> International Awards.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_and_aftermath">Impact and aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Impact and aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect_on_U2">Effect on U2</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Effect on U2">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colourful_Trabant_and_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Berlin,_Germany_(6075289871).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A car with bright coloured squares painted on the exterior is tilted slightly to its left side at the bottom of a spiral staircase." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Colourful_Trabant_and_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Berlin%2C_Germany_%286075289871%29.jpg/220px-Colourful_Trabant_and_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Berlin%2C_Germany_%286075289871%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Colourful_Trabant_and_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Berlin%2C_Germany_%286075289871%29.jpg/330px-Colourful_Trabant_and_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Berlin%2C_Germany_%286075289871%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Colourful_Trabant_and_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Berlin%2C_Germany_%286075289871%29.jpg/440px-Colourful_Trabant_and_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Berlin%2C_Germany_%286075289871%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>A Trabant from the tour's lighting system on display at a <a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Cafe" title="Hard Rock Cafe">Hard Rock Cafe</a> in Berlin</figcaption></figure> For the Zoo TV Tour, U2 embraced the "rock star" identity they had struggled with and were reluctant to accept throughout the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-ach-stations-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-spin-25">[24]</a> They drew the attention of celebrities, including American presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, and they began partying more than they had in the past.<a href="#cite_note-Q-int-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-243-102">[101]</a> During parts of the tour, the band attracted the fashion crowd; Clayton's romantic relationship with supermodel <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Campbell" title="Naomi Campbell">Naomi Campbell</a> and Bono's friendship with supermodel <a href="/wiki/Christy_Turlington" title="Christy Turlington">Christy Turlington</a> made them the subjects of unwanted tabloid attention.<a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-243-102">[101]</a> In May 1993, Campbell announced that she and Clayton were engaged,<a href="#cite_note-mcg160-138">[137]</a> but by the "Zoomerang" leg, their relationship was fracturing and he was drinking frequently. After missing the group's 26 November 1993 show in Sydney from an alcoholic blackout, Clayton resolved to quit drinking altogether.<a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-255-166">[165]</a> The incident resulted in tensions within the group during the tour's final weeks as they contemplated whether to reallocate their revenues, which to that point had been split evenly five ways between the band members and McGuinness.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> Clayton's relationship with Campbell ended in 1994,<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> but another member of U2 found love during the tour. The Edge became close with Morleigh Steinberg during her stint as the tour's choreographer and belly dancer.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> She moved to Dublin in 1994 to be with him,<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> and they married in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> The tour's two-year length, then U2's longest, exhausted the band as the final legs unfolded.<a href="#cite_note-u2byu2-255-166">[165]</a> Following the conclusion of Zoo TV, U2 took an extended break from recording as a group. Mullen and Clayton moved to Manhattan, where they sought out music lessons to become better musicians.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> The Edge and Bono spent most of 1994 living in newly renovated houses in the <a href="/wiki/South_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="South of France">South of France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> The Edge said, "as a band I think [the tour] stretched us all. We were a different band after that and touring was different." Producer <a href="/wiki/Nellee_Hooper" title="Nellee Hooper">Nellee Hooper</a> later told Bono that Zoo TV "ruined irony for everyone".<a href="#cite_note-superfly-97">[96]</a> The Fly and MacPhisto characters appeared in the animated music video to U2's 1995 song "<a href="/wiki/Hold_Me,_Thrill_Me,_Kiss_Me,_Kill_Me" title="Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me">Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me</a>" from the <a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(soundtrack)" title="Batman Forever (soundtrack)">soundtrack to Batman Forever</a>. Author Višnja Cogan wrote that "the video crystallises and concludes the Zoo TV period and the changes that occurred" during that time.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> Director <a href="/wiki/Joel_Schumacher" title="Joel Schumacher">Joel Schumacher</a> attempted to create a role for Bono as MacPhisto in <a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a>, but both later agreed it was not suitable.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> In the years following the Zoo TV Tour, Bono continued to wear sunglasses in public,<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> leading to it becoming one of his signature trademarks.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> In October 2014, Bono said that the reason he continued to wear sunglasses was because he suffers from <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect_on_Pixies">Effect on Pixies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Effect on Pixies">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Pixies_(band)" title="Pixies (band)">Pixies</a>' stint as a support act caused a controversy that partially contributed to their breakup.<a href="#cite_note-flan361-207">[206]</a> In July 1992, Spin featured a cover story titled "U2 on Tour: The Story They Didn't Want You to Read", which detailed author <a href="/wiki/James_Greer_(writer)" title="James Greer (writer)">Jim Greer</a>'s travels on the tour's first weeks with his unidentified girlfriend (who turned out to be Pixies' bassist <a href="/wiki/Kim_Deal" title="Kim Deal">Kim Deal</a>). The article featured their criticisms of U2 for the supposed poor treatment the Pixies received.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Both groups disagreed and were livid at Deal, particularly Pixies frontman <a href="/wiki/Black_Francis" title="Black Francis">Black Francis</a>. In 1993, following tensions within the group, Francis announced the Pixies had dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-flan361-207">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_endeavours">Subsequent endeavours</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Subsequent endeavours">edit</a>]</div> As the tour drew to a close, U2 entered prolonged discussions about creating a Zoo TV television channel in partnership with MTV.<a href="#cite_note-flanagan-504-209">[208]</a> This never materialised, but in 1997, MTV ran a brief miniseries called Zoo-TV, which featured Emergency Broadcast Network extending their tour role in creating contemporary surrealist satirical video.<a href="#cite_note-wired041197-210">[209]</a> U2 endorsed the effort as a representation of what the tour would have been like as a news magazine,<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> but their direct role was limited to providing half-financing and outtakes from the Zooropa album.<a href="#cite_note-wired041197-210">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a> magazine said the series "pushe[d] the edge of commercial—even comprehensible—television".<a href="#cite_note-wired041197-210">[209]</a> U2's subsequent concert tour, 1997's PopMart Tour, followed in Zoo TV's footsteps by mocking another social trend, this time consumerism. Paul McGuinness said the group wanted "the production [of PopMart] to beat Zoo TV", and accordingly, the tour's spectacle was a further shift away from their austere stage shows of the 1980s; PopMart's stage featured a 150-foot-long (46 m) LED screen, a 100-foot-tall (30 m) golden arch containing the sound system, and a mirrorball lemon that served as a transport to the B-stage.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> Although critics were much less receptive to PopMart, in a 2009 interview, Bono said that he considers that tour to be their best: "Pop(Mart) is our finest hour. It's better than Zoo TV aesthetically, and as an art project it is a clearer thought."<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> In 2005, during their <a href="/wiki/Vertigo_Tour" title="Vertigo Tour">Vertigo Tour</a>, the group often played a short set of songs as a homage to the Zoo TV Tour—"Zoo Station", "The Fly", and "Mysterious Ways"—as part of the first encore; performances of "Zoo Station" included the interference in the background visual effects, and "The Fly" used flashing text effects on the LED screens similar to the Zoo TV visuals.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> Bono reprised the MacPhisto character during the band's 2018 <a href="/wiki/Experience_%2B_Innocence_Tour" title="Experience + Innocence Tour">Experience + Innocence Tour</a>, using an <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> camera filter applied to his face.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> The band's creative team gave the character a new appearance after envisioning how 25 years of hard living would have changed him.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> As MacPhisto, Bono commented on sociopolitical events and movements of the time such as the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Unite the Right Rally">Charlottesville rally</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> He punctuated these monologues by saying, "when you don't believe that I exist, that's when I do my best work".<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_accounts_and_memorabilia">Historical accounts and memorabilia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Historical accounts and memorabilia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_03_of_Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum,_Cleveland_(by_Adam_Jones).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Interior_03_of_Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum%2C_Cleveland_%28by_Adam_Jones%29.jpg/220px-Interior_03_of_Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum%2C_Cleveland_%28by_Adam_Jones%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Interior_03_of_Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum%2C_Cleveland_%28by_Adam_Jones%29.jpg/330px-Interior_03_of_Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum%2C_Cleveland_%28by_Adam_Jones%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Interior_03_of_Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum%2C_Cleveland_%28by_Adam_Jones%29.jpg/440px-Interior_03_of_Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum%2C_Cleveland_%28by_Adam_Jones%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Trabants on display in the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></figcaption></figure> In 1994, BP Fallon released the book U2: Faraway, So Close, documenting his experiences on the Zoo TV Tour while serving as a DJ.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> The following year, author <a href="/wiki/Bill_Flanagan" title="Bill Flanagan">Bill Flanagan</a> released the book U2 at the End of the World, which similarly covers his time spent with the band during the tour.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> opened in 1995, the lobby featured four Trabants suspended from the ceiling and a neon sign taken from the tour's set.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> A Trabant was on display in a <a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Cafe" title="Hard Rock Cafe">Hard Rock Cafe</a> location in Dublin from 2004 to 2018.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_analysis,_retrospective_appraisal,_and_influence">Critical analysis, retrospective appraisal, and influence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Critical analysis, retrospective appraisal, and influence">edit</a>]</div> Critics regard the Zoo TV Tour as one of rock's most memorable and influential tours. During the "Zooropa" leg of the tour, Guy Garcia of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> called Zoo TV "one of the most electrifying rock shows ever staged".<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> In 1997, Robert Hilburn wrote that "It's not unreasonable to think of it as the <a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's</a> of rock tours."<a href="#cite_note-lat042097-140">[139]</a> In 2002, Tom Doyle of Q called it "still the most spectacular rock tour staged by any band",<a href="#cite_note-Q-int-151">[150]</a> and in 2013, the magazine listed it as one of the "ten greatest gigs of all time".<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> In 2009, critic <a href="/wiki/Greg_Kot" title="Greg Kot">Greg Kot</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> said, "Zoo TV remains the finest supersized tour mounted by any band in the last two decades."<a href="#cite_note-trib-360-229">[228]</a> Ryan Dombal of <a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a> wrote in a review of Achtung Baby's 20th anniversary <a href="/wiki/Reissue" title="Reissue">reissue</a>, "Even 20 years on, the tour looks like something to behold, a singularly inventive experience that no band—including U2 itself—has been able to really expound upon in a meaningful way."<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> Rolling Stone included the tour on its 2017 list of "The 50 Greatest Concerts of the Last 50 Years"; writer Andy Greene said, "The wall-to-wall video screens also set the scene for every pop spectacle that followed, from <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Monster_Ball_Tour" title="The Monster Ball Tour">Monster Ball</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Glow_in_the_Dark_Tour" title="Glow in the Dark Tour">Glow in the Dark Tour</a>."<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> In comparing Zoo TV to the band's 2023–2024 <a href="/wiki/U2:UV_Achtung_Baby_Live_at_Sphere" title="U2:UV Achtung Baby Live at Sphere">U2:UV Achtung Baby Live at Sphere</a> concert residency, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Hyden" title="Steven Hyden">Steven Hyden</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uproxx" title="Uproxx">Uproxx</a> said, "The point back then for U2 was using technology to comment on (and condemn) the use of technology as a means of cutting humanity off from their most essential selves. The big screens fed the audience a steady stream of stimuli while always pointing out that gorging on visual stimuli will rot your brain." He added, "In the '90s, U2 [broke the fourth wall] by using artifice to smash through artifice, pointing out the invisible wall of omnipresent media immersion surrounding us all in order to make it visible and therefore capable of being transcended on the journey toward something deeper and truer."<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> Bob Gendron, writing for the Chicago Tribune, said in 2023 that on the Zoo TV Tour "the band paired the visual spectacle with pointed and prophetic cultural commentary, exploring mass-media saturation, pervasive materialism and, particularly, the increasingly thinning lines between entertainment, news and commerce". He said that it "forever changed the live-music experience" and that it was "arguably the most groundbreaking tour of the last 35 years and marked the debut of now-ubiquitous video walls".<a href="#cite_note-gendron-zootv-sphere-233">[232]</a> Mikael Wood of the Los Angeles Times said that the tour "cemented video as a crucial component of the modern pop concert".<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> Bono claimed that with Zoo TV, U2 were the first act to develop the B-stage following the invention of in-ear monitors.<a href="#cite_note-rs-qa-235">[234]</a> In 2001, Willie Williams said that in the time since the tour, the B-stage had become "completely <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/de_rigueur" class="extiw" title="wikt:de rigueur">de rigueur</a> in the industry; every band you see now has a B stage."<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tour_dates">Tour dates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tour dates">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>List of concerts, showing date, city, country, venue, tickets sold, number of available tickets and amount of gross revenue </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:12em;">Date </th> <th scope="col" style="width:10em;">City </th> <th scope="col" style="width:10em;">Country </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20em;">Venue </th> <th scope="col" style="width:10em;">Opening act </th> <th scope="col" style="width:10em;">Attendance </th> <th scope="col" style="width:10em;">Revenue </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#dde;" colspan="7">Leg 1: arenas in North America<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">29 February 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida" title="Lakeland, Florida">Lakeland</a> </td> <td rowspan="14">United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakeland_Civic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakeland Civic Center">Lakeland Civic Center</a> </td> <td rowspan="32"><a href="/wiki/Pixies_(band)" title="Pixies (band)">Pixies</a> </td> <td>7,251 / 7,251 </td> <td>$181,275 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">1 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami_Arena" title="Miami Arena">Miami Arena</a> </td> <td>14,000 / 14,000 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">3 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Coliseum" title="Charlotte Coliseum">Charlotte Coliseum</a> </td> <td>22,786 / 22,786 </td> <td>$569,650 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">5 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Omni" class="mw-redirect" title="The Omni">The Omni</a> </td> <td>16,336 / 16,336 </td> <td>$408,400 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">7 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Coliseum" title="Hampton Coliseum">Hampton Coliseum</a> </td> <td>10,187 / 10,187 </td> <td>$254,675 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">9 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Uniondale,_New_York" title="Uniondale, New York">Uniondale</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Coliseum" title="Nassau Coliseum">Nassau Coliseum</a> </td> <td>17,397 / 17,397 </td> <td>$434,275 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">10 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Spectrum_(Philadelphia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spectrum (Philadelphia)">The Spectrum</a> </td> <td>18,349 / 18,349 </td> <td>$458,725 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Civic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartford Civic Center">Hartford Civic Center</a> </td> <td>16,438 / 16,438 </td> <td>$385,662 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">13 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrum_in_Worcester" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrum in Worcester">Centrum in Worcester</a> </td> <td>13,835 / 13,835 </td> <td>$345,875 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">15 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence_Civic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Civic Center">Providence Civic Center</a> </td> <td>13,680 / 13,680 </td> <td>$324,900 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">17 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston_Garden" title="Boston Garden">Boston Garden</a> </td> <td>15,212 / 15,212 </td> <td>$380,300 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Byrne_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Brendan Byrne Arena">Brendan Byrne Arena</a> </td> <td>19,880 / 19,880 </td> <td>$497,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">20 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> </td> <td>18,179 / 18,179 </td> <td>$454,475 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">21 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Knickerbocker Arena">Knickerbocker Arena</a> </td> <td>16,258 / 16,258 </td> <td>$398,218 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">23 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Canada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Forum" title="Montreal Forum">Montreal Forum</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">24 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Gardens" title="Maple Leaf Gardens">Maple Leaf Gardens</a> </td> <td>16,015 / 16,015 </td> <td>$387,837 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">26 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Richfield,_Ohio" title="Richfield, Ohio">Richfield</a> </td> <td rowspan="15">United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coliseum_at_Richfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Coliseum at Richfield">Coliseum at Richfield</a> </td> <td>18,083 / 18,083 </td> <td>$452,075 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">27 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Palace_of_Auburn_Hills" title="The Palace of Auburn Hills">The Palace of Auburn Hills</a> </td> <td>21,064 / 21,064 </td> <td>$526,600 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">30 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Target_Center" title="Target Center">Target Center</a> </td> <td>18,256 / 18,256 </td> <td>$447,272 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">31 March 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosemont,_Illinois" title="Rosemont, Illinois">Rosemont</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosemont_Horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosemont Horizon">Rosemont Horizon</a> </td> <td>17,329 / 17,329 </td> <td>$433,225 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">5 April 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reunion_Arena" title="Reunion Arena">Reunion Arena</a> </td> <td>17,999 / 17,999 </td> <td>$447,175 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">6 April 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Summit_(Houston)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Summit (Houston)">The Summit</a> </td> <td>16,342 / 16,342 </td> <td>$418,875 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">7 April 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Erwin_Center" title="Frank Erwin Center">Frank Erwin Center</a> </td> <td>16,768 / 16,768 </td> <td>$416,950 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">10 April 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tempe,_Arizona" title="Tempe, Arizona">Tempe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Arena_(Tempe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Arena (Tempe)">ASU Activity Center</a> </td> <td>13,302 / 13,302 </td> <td>$332,550 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 April 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Sports_Arena" title="Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena">Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">31,692 / 31,692 </td> <td rowspan="2">$792,300 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">13 April 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">15 April 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Sports_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Sports Arena">San Diego Sports Arena</a> </td> <td>13,824 / 13,824 </td> <td>$345,600 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">17 April 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ARCO_Arena" title="ARCO Arena">ARCO Arena</a> </td> <td>15,893 / 15,893 </td> <td>$397,325 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 April 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakland%E2%80%93Alameda_County_Coliseum_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena">Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena</a> </td> <td>14,431 / 14,431 </td> <td>$360,775 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">20 April 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tacoma_Dome" title="Tacoma Dome">Tacoma Dome</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">43,977 / 43,977 </td> <td rowspan="2">$1,099,425 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">21 April 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">23 April 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> </td> <td>Canada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coliseum" title="Pacific Coliseum">Pacific Coliseum</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#dde;" colspan="7">Leg 2: arenas in Europe<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">7 May 1992 </th> <td>Paris </td> <td>France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palais_Omnisports_de_Paris-Bercy" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy">Palais Omnisports Bercy</a> </td> <td rowspan="25"><a href="/wiki/The_Fatima_Mansions" title="The Fatima Mansions">The Fatima Mansions</a> </td> <td rowspan="25" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="25" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">9 May 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a> </td> <td>Belgium </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flanders_Expo" title="Flanders Expo">Flanders Expo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">11 May 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> </td> <td>France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halle_Tony_Garnier" title="Halle Tony Garnier">Halle Tony Garnier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 May 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> </td> <td>Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CIG_de_Malley" title="CIG de Malley">CIG de Malley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">14 May 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Spain </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velodromo_de_Anoeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Velodromo de Anoeta">Velodrome Anoeta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">16 May 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palau_Sant_Jordi" title="Palau Sant Jordi">Palau Sant Jordi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 May 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">21 May 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assago" title="Assago">Assago</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Italy </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Forum_di_Assago" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum di Assago">Forum di Assago</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">22 May 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">24 May 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> </td> <td>Austria </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donauinsel" title="Donauinsel">Donauinsel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">25 May 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympiahalle" title="Olympiahalle">Olympiahalle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">27 May 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> </td> <td>Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hallenstadion" title="Hallenstadion">Hallenstadion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">29 May 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Festhalle_Frankfurt" title="Festhalle Frankfurt">Festhalle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">31 May 1992 </th> <td>London </td> <td rowspan="2">England </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earls_Court_Exhibition_Centre" title="Earls Court Exhibition Centre">Earls Court</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">1 June 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Exhibition_Centre" title="National Exhibition Centre">National Exhibition Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">4 June 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Germany </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Westfalenhalle" class="mw-redirect" title="Westfalenhalle">Westfalenhalle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">5 June 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">8 June 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Sweden </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandinavium" title="Scandinavium">Scandinavium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">10 June 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Globen" class="mw-redirect" title="Globen">Globen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">11 June 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">13 June 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sparkassen-Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparkassen-Arena">Sparkassen-Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">15 June 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Ahoy" title="Rotterdam Ahoy">Ahoy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">17 June 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a> </td> <td>England </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Arena" title="Sheffield Arena">Sheffield Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 June 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> </td> <td>Scotland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Exhibition_and_Conference_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre">SECC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">19 June 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> </td> <td>England </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Central_(Conference_Centre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Central (Conference Centre)">GMEX Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#dde;" colspan="7">Leg 3: stadiums in North America ("Outside Broadcast")<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">7 August 1992<a href="#cite_note-dressreh-1">[a]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hershey,_Pennsylvania" title="Hershey, Pennsylvania">Hershey</a> </td> <td rowspan="10">United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hersheypark_Stadium" title="Hersheypark Stadium">Hersheypark Stadium</a> </td> <td>WNOC </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 August 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2">East Rutherford </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Giants_Stadium" title="Giants Stadium">Giants Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="18"><a href="/wiki/Primus_(band)" title="Primus (band)">Primus</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Disposable_Heroes_of_Hiphoprisy" title="The Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy">The Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">109,000 / 109,000 </td> <td rowspan="2">$3,269,790 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">13 August 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">15 August 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2">Washington, D.C. </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Stadium" title="Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium">Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">97,038 / 97,038 </td> <td rowspan="2">$2,765,583 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">16 August 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 August 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Springs,_New_York" title="Saratoga Springs, New York">Saratoga Springs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Casino_and_Raceway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saratoga Casino and Raceway">Saratoga Gaming and Raceway</a> </td> <td>30,227 / 35,000 </td> <td>$906,810 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">20 August 1992 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Foxborough,_Massachusetts" title="Foxborough, Massachusetts">Foxborough</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Foxboro_Stadium" title="Foxboro Stadium">Foxboro Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">148,736 / 148,736 </td> <td rowspan="3">$4,427,100 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">22 August 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">23 August 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">25 August 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Stadium" title="Three Rivers Stadium">Three Rivers Stadium</a> </td> <td>39,586 / 39,586 </td> <td>$1,028,783 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">27 August 1992 </th> <td>Montreal </td> <td>Canada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a> </td> <td>42,210 / 43,000 </td> <td>$1,010,864 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">29 August 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2">New York City </td> <td rowspan="4">United States </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)" title="Yankee Stadium (1923)">Yankee Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">104,100 / 104,100 </td> <td rowspan="2">$3,123,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">30 August 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">2 September 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2">Philadelphia </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Stadium" title="Veterans Stadium">Veterans Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">88,684 / 88,684 </td> <td rowspan="2">$2,691,880 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">3 September 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">5 September 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2">Toronto </td> <td rowspan="2">Canada </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_Stadium" title="Exhibition Stadium">Exhibition Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">108,043 / 108,043 </td> <td rowspan="2">$3,021,488 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">6 September 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">9 September 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a> </td> <td rowspan="20">United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a> </td> <td>36,740 / 40,680 </td> <td>$1,102,200 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">11 September 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ames,_Iowa" title="Ames, Iowa">Ames</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclone Stadium">Cyclone Stadium</a> </td> <td>48,822 / 48,822 </td> <td>$1,452,630 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">13 September 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camp_Randall_Stadium" title="Camp Randall Stadium">Camp Randall Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Big_Audio_Dynamite_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Audio Dynamite II">Big Audio Dynamite II</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy (group)">Public Enemy</a> </td> <td>62,280 / 62,280 </td> <td>$1,868,400 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">15 September 1992 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tinley_Park,_Illinois" title="Tinley Park, Illinois">Tinley Park</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/World_Music_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="World Music Theatre">World Music Theatre</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">89,307 / 89,307 </td> <td rowspan="3">$2,457,690 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">16 September 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 September 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">20 September 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Busch_Memorial_Stadium" title="Busch Memorial Stadium">Busch Memorial Stadium</a> </td> <td>48,054 / 48,054 </td> <td>$1,389,930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">23 September 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Williams-Brice_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams-Brice Stadium">Williams-Brice Stadium</a> </td> <td>28,305 / 40,136 </td> <td>$776,568 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">25 September 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Dome" title="Georgia Dome">Georgia Dome</a> </td> <td>53,427 / 53,427 </td> <td>$1,602,810 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">3 October 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami_Gardens,_Florida" title="Miami Gardens, Florida">Miami Gardens</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Robbie_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Robbie Stadium">Joe Robbie Stadium</a> </td> <td>45,244 / 46,000 </td> <td>$1,289,454 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">7 October 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legion_Field" title="Legion Field">Legion Field</a> </td> <td>35,209 / 41,632 </td> <td>$1,021,061 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">10 October 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Stadium" title="Tampa Stadium">Tampa Stadium</a> </td> <td>41,090 / 42,500 </td> <td>$1,194,407 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">14 October 1992 </th> <td>Houston </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astrodome" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Astrodome">Houston Astrodome</a> </td> <td>31,884 / 35,000 </td> <td>$925,560 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">16 October 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Stadium" title="Texas Stadium">Texas Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Sugarcubes" title="The Sugarcubes">The Sugarcubes</a> Public Enemy </td> <td>39,514 / 39,514 </td> <td>$1,144,500 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 October 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_Stadium" title="Arrowhead Stadium">Arrowhead Stadium</a> </td> <td>The Sugarcubes The Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy </td> <td>37,867 / 40,000 </td> <td>$1,154,944 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">21 October 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mile_High_Stadium" title="Mile High Stadium">Mile High Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="11">The Sugarcubes Public Enemy </td> <td>54,450 / 54,450 </td> <td>$1,654,390 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">24 October 1992 </th> <td>Tempe </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Devil_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Devil Stadium">Sun Devil Stadium</a> </td> <td>35,177 / 40,000 </td> <td>$1,055,310 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">27 October 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Bowl_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Bowl Stadium">Sun Bowl Stadium</a> </td> <td>35,564 / 39,500 </td> <td>$1,066,920 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">30 October 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2">Los Angeles </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dodger_Stadium" title="Dodger Stadium">Dodger Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">108,357 / 108,357 </td> <td rowspan="2">$3,250,710 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">31 October 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">3 November 1992 </th> <td rowspan="2">Vancouver </td> <td rowspan="2">Canada </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/BC_Place_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="BC Place Stadium">BC Place Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">77,448 / 83,000 </td> <td rowspan="2">$2,143,567 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">4 November 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">7 November 1992 </th> <td>Oakland </td> <td rowspan="4">United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Coliseum" title="Oakland Coliseum">Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum</a> </td> <td>59,800 / 59,800 </td> <td>$1,793,700 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">10 November 1992 </th> <td>San Diego </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Murphy_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Murphy Stadium">Jack Murphy Stadium</a> </td> <td>33,575 / 55,000 </td> <td>$999,765 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 November 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitney,_Nevada" title="Whitney, Nevada">Whitney</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Boyd_Stadium" title="Sam Boyd Stadium">Sam Boyd Stadium</a> </td> <td>27,774 / 37,011 </td> <td>$860,994 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">14 November 1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim Stadium">Anaheim Stadium</a> </td> <td>48,640 / 48,640 </td> <td>$1,462,800 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">21 November 1992 </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">Mexico </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_los_Deportes" title="Palacio de los Deportes">Palacio de los Deportes</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">Big Audio Dynamite II </td> <td rowspan="4">83,068 / 83,068 </td> <td rowspan="4">$4,148,756 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">22 November 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">24 November 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">25 November 1992 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#dde;" colspan="7">Leg 4: stadiums in Europe ("Zooropa")<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">9 May 1993 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Netherlands </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Feijenoord_Stadion" class="mw-redirect" title="Feijenoord Stadion">Feijenoord Stadion</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utah_Saints" title="Utah Saints">Utah Saints</a> <a href="/wiki/Claw_Boys_Claw" title="Claw Boys Claw">Claw Boys Claw</a> </td> <td rowspan="41" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="41" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">10 May 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Einst%C3%BCrzende_Neubauten" title="Einstürzende Neubauten">Einstürzende Neubauten</a> Claw Boys Claw </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">11 May 1993 </th> <td>Claw Boys Claw </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">15 May 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> </td> <td>Portugal </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Jos%C3%A9_Alvalade_(1956)" title="Estádio José Alvalade (1956)">Estádio José Alvalade</a> </td> <td>Utah Saints </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">19 May 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Spain </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Carlos_Tartiere_(1932)" title="Estadio Carlos Tartiere (1932)">Estadio Carlos Tartiere</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Utah Saints <a href="/wiki/The_Ramones" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ramones">The Ramones</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">22 May 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Vicente_Calder%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Estadio Vicente Calderón">Estadio Vicente Calderón</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">26 May 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> </td> <td>France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_la_Beaujoire" title="Stade de la Beaujoire">Stade de la Beaujoire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urban_Dance_Squad" title="Urban Dance Squad">Urban Dance Squad</a> Utah Saints </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">29 May 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Werchter" title="Werchter">Werchter</a> </td> <td>Belgium </td> <td>Festival Grounds </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stereo_MCs" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo MCs">Stereo MCs</a> Urban Dance Squad </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">2 June 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waldstadion_(Frankfurt)" title="Waldstadion (Frankfurt)">Waldstadion</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">Stereo MCs <a href="/wiki/Die_Toten_Hosen" title="Die Toten Hosen">Die Toten Hosen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">4 June 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Munich)" title="Olympiastadion (Munich)">Olympiastadion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">6 June 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cannstatter_Wasen" title="Cannstatter Wasen">Cannstatter Wasen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">9 June 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weserstadion" title="Weserstadion">Weserstadion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 June 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCngersdorferstadion" class="mw-redirect" title="Müngersdorferstadion">Müngersdorferstadion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">15 June 1993 </th> <td>Berlin </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Berlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Stadium (Berlin)">Olympiastadion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">23 June 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_la_Meinau" title="Stade de la Meinau">Stade de la Meinau</a> </td> <td>Stereo MCs <a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">26 June 1993 </th> <td>Paris </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Hippodrome de Vincennes">Hippodrome de Vincennes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belly_(band)" title="Belly (band)">Belly</a> The Velvet Underground </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">28 June 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stade_Olympique_de_la_Pontaise" title="Stade Olympique de la Pontaise">Stade Olympique de la Pontaise</a> </td> <td>The Velvet Underground </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">30 June 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Jakob_Stadium" title="St. Jakob Stadium">St. Jakob Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stereo_MCs" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo MCs">Stereo MCs</a> The Velvet Underground </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">2 July 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">Italy </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stadio_Marc%27Antonio_Bentegodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi">Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/An_Emotional_Fish" title="An Emotional Fish">An Emotional Fish</a> <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">3 July 1993 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">6 July 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2">Rome </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stadio_Flaminio" title="Stadio Flaminio">Stadio Flaminio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">7 July 1993 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">9 July 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stadio_San_Paolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadio San Paolo">Stadio San Paolo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Ligabue" title="Luciano Ligabue">Ligabue</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 July 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stadio_Delle_Alpi" title="Stadio Delle Alpi">Stadio Delle Alpi</a> </td> <td>An Emotional Fish Ligabue </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">14 July 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> </td> <td>France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stade_V%C3%A9lodrome" title="Stade Vélodrome">Stade Vélodrome</a> </td> <td>An Emotional Fish </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">17 July 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Italy </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stadio_Renato_Dall%27Ara" title="Stadio Renato Dall'Ara">Stadio Renato Dall'Ara</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">An Emotional Fish <a href="/wiki/Galliano_(band)" title="Galliano (band)">Galliano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 July 1993 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">23 July 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> </td> <td>Hungary </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stadium_Pusk%C3%A1s_Ferenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadium Puskás Ferenc">Népstadion</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%81kos_Kov%C3%A1cs_(singer)" title="Ákos Kovács (singer)">Ákos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">27 July 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> </td> <td>Denmark </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gentofte_Stadion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentofte Stadion">Gentofte Stadion</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/PJ_Harvey" title="PJ Harvey">PJ Harvey</a> Stereo MCs </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">29 July 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> </td> <td>Norway </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valle_Hovin_Stadion" class="mw-redirect" title="Valle Hovin Stadion">Valle Hovin Stadion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">31 July 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> </td> <td>Sweden </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium" title="Stockholm Olympic Stadium">Stockholm Olympic Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">3 August 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Goffertpark" title="Goffertpark">Goffertpark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">7 August 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Scotland </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Park" title="Celtic Park">Celtic Park</a> </td> <td>Utah Saints PJ Harvey </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">8 August 1993 </th> <td>Utah Saints Stereo MCs </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">11 August 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2">London </td> <td rowspan="3">England </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)" title="Wembley Stadium (1923)">Wembley Stadium</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">PJ Harvey Big Audio Dynamite II </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 August 1993 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">14 August 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Park" title="Roundhay Park">Roundhay Park</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marxman" title="Marxman">Marxman</a> Stereo MCs </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">18 August 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> </td> <td>Wales </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Arms_Park" title="Cardiff Arms Park">Cardiff Arms Park</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Utah Saints Stereo MCs </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">20 August 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2">London </td> <td rowspan="2">England </td> <td rowspan="2">Wembley Stadium </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">21 August 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> Stereo MCs </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">24 August 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Ireland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1irc_U%C3%AD_Chaoimh" title="Páirc Uí Chaoimh">Páirc Uí Chaoimh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Engine_Alley" title="Engine Alley">Engine Alley</a> Utah Saints </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">27 August 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/RDS_Arena" title="RDS Arena">RDS Arena</a> </td> <td>Marxman, <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Horde_(band)" title="The Golden Horde (band)">The Golden Horde</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">72,000 / 72,000 </td> <td rowspan="2">$2,413,370 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">28 August 1993 </th> <td>Scary Éire Stereo MCs </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#dde;" colspan="7">Leg 5: stadiums in Oceania and Japan ("Zoomerang/New Zooland")<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">12 November 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">Australia </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">Big Audio Dynamite II <a href="/wiki/Kim_Salmon_and_the_Surrealists" title="Kim Salmon and the Surrealists">Kim Salmon and the Surrealists</a> </td> <td rowspan="10" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="10" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">13 November 1993 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">16 November 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Football_Park" title="Football Park">Football Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">20 November 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queensland_Sport_and_Athletics_Centre" title="Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre">Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">26 November 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Football_Stadium_(1988)" title="Sydney Football Stadium (1988)">Sydney Football Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">27 November 1993 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">1 December 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">New Zealand </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Park" title="Lancaster Park">Lancaster Park</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/The_3Ds" title="The 3Ds">3Ds</a> Big Audio Dynamite II </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">4 December 1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Springs_Stadium" title="Western Springs Stadium">Western Springs Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">9 December 1993 </th> <td rowspan="2">Tokyo </td> <td rowspan="2">Japan </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Dome" title="Tokyo Dome">Tokyo Dome</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Big Audio Dynamite II </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;">10 December 1993 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">List of highest-grossing concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">List of most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_U2" title="Timeline of U2">Timeline of U2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dressreh-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dressreh_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dressreh_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dressreh_1-2">c</a> Sources give varying concert totals for the tour. This discrepancy stems from a 7 August 1992 show, which was a dress rehearsal for the 3rd leg but featured a paying audience. The band's website includes it on their Zoo TV Tour page,<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> but U2 concert fan site U2Gigs.com excludes it from their 156-show count.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Bill_Flanagan" title="Bill Flanagan">Bill Flanagan</a>'s book U2 at the End of the World, the tour crew counted 157 shows.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> According to John Jobling's book U2: The Definitive Biography, the tour comprised 157 shows.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> For purposes of completeness, the higher 157-show total is listed in this article. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fricke-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fricke_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fricke_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fricke_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fricke_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fricke_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fricke_2-5">f</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFricke1992" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Fricke" title="David Fricke">Fricke, David</a> (1 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026111642/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/u2s_serious_fun">"U2 Finds What It's Looking For"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. 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Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 15. 11 April 1992. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1992-04-11&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-04-11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-04-18.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 16. 18 April 1992. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1992-04-18&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-04-18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-04-25.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 17. 25 April 1992. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1992-04-25&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-04-25.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-05-02.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 18. 2 May 1992. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1992-05-02&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-05-02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-05-09.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 19. 9 May 1992. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1992-05-09&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-05-09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-05-16.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 20. 16 May 1992. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1992-05-16&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-05-16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-05-30.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 22. 30 May 1992. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1992-05-30&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-05-30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> de la Parra (2003), pp. 146–151 </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> de la Parra (2003), pp. 151–158 </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> North American stadium tour boxscore data: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-08-29.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 35. 29 August 1992. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1992-08-29&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-08-29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-09-12.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 37. 12 September 1992. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1992-09-12&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-09-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-09-26.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 39. 26 September 1992. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1992-09-26&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-09-26.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-10-03.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 40. 3 October 1992. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=40&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1992-10-03&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-10-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-10-17.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 42. 17 October 1992. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=42&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1992-10-17&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-10-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-10-24.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 43. 24 October 1992. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=43&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1992-10-24&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-10-24.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-10-31.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 44. 31 October 1992. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1992-10-31&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-10-31.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-11-07.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 45. 7 November 1992. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1992-11-07&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-11-07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-11-14.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 46. 14 November 1992. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1992-11-14&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-11-14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-11-21.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 47. 21 November 1992. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1992-11-21&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-11-21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-11-28.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 48. 28 November 1992. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1992-11-28&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-11-28.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-12-05.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 49. 5 December 1992. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1992-12-05&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-12-05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-12-19.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 51. 19 December 1992. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1992-12-19&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1992%2FBillboard-1992-12-19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.u2.com/tour/index/tour/id/56">"ZOOTV LEG 3 (OUTSIDE BROADCAST): 1992, NORTH AMERICA"</a>. U2.com. Live Nation Entertainment. Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U2.com&rft.atitle=ZOOTV+LEG+3+%28OUTSIDE+BROADCAST%29%3A+1992%2C+NORTH+AMERICA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.u2.com%2Ftour%2Findex%2Ftour%2Fid%2F56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.u2gigs.com/all-u2-tours.html">"U2 Tour overview – U2 on tour"</a>. U2Gigs.com. Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U2Gigs.com&rft.atitle=U2+Tour+overview+%E2%80%93+U2+on+tour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.u2gigs.com%2Fall-u2-tours.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.u2gigs.com/tour134.html">"U2 ZOO TV 3rd leg: Outside Broadcast – U2 on tour"</a>. U2Gigs.com. Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U2Gigs.com&rft.atitle=U2+ZOO+TV+3rd+leg%3A+Outside+Broadcast+%E2%80%93+U2+on+tour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.u2gigs.com%2Ftour134.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> Flanagan (1996), pp. 484–485 </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> Jobling (2014), p. 240 </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> de la Parra (2003), pp. 160–170 </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> European stadium tour boxscore data: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1993/BB-1993-09-11.pdf">"AB Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 37. 11 September 1993. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=AB+Boxscore%3A+Top+10+Concert+Grosses&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1993-09-11&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F90s%2F1993%2FBB-1993-09-11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> de la Parra (2003), pp. 171–172 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBordowitz2003" class="citation book cs1">Bordowitz, Hank, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/u2readerquarter00bord">The U2 Reader: A Quarter Century of Commentary, Criticism, and Reviews</a>. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-634-03832-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-634-03832-X"><bdi>0-634-03832-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U2+Reader%3A+A+Quarter+Century+of+Commentary%2C+Criticism%2C+and+Reviews&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-634-03832-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fu2readerquarter00bord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrothers1999" class="citation book cs1">Brothers, Robyn (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingrockrolla0000unse">"Time to Heal, 'Desire' Time: The Cyberprophesy of U2's 'Zoo World Order'"</a>. In Dettmar, Kevin J. H.; Richey, William (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingrockrolla0000unse">Reading Rock and Roll: Authenticity, Appropriation, Aesthetics</a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-11399-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-11399-4"><bdi>0-231-11399-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Time+to+Heal%2C+%27Desire%27+Time%3A+The+Cyberprophesy+of+U2%27s+%27Zoo+World+Order%27&rft.btitle=Reading+Rock+and+Roll%3A+Authenticity%2C+Appropriation%2C+Aesthetics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-231-11399-4&rft.aulast=Brothers&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadingrockrolla0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Carter" title="Bill Carter">Carter, Bill</a> (2003). Fools Rush In. New York: Wenner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-932958-50-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-932958-50-9"><bdi>1-932958-50-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fools+Rush+In&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wenner+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-932958-50-9&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCogan2008" class="citation book cs1">Cogan, Višnja (2008). U2: An Irish Phenomenon. New York: Pegasus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933648-71-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933648-71-2"><bdi>978-1-933648-71-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U2%3A+An+Irish+Phenomenon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-933648-71-2&rft.aulast=Cogan&rft.aufirst=Vi%C5%A1nja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_la_Parra2003" class="citation book cs1">de la Parra, Pimm Jal (2003). U2 Live: A Concert Documentary. London: Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7119-9198-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7119-9198-7"><bdi>0-7119-9198-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U2+Live%3A+A+Concert+Documentary&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7119-9198-7&rft.aulast=de+la+Parra&rft.aufirst=Pimm+Jal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeRogatis2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_DeRogatis" title="Jim DeRogatis">DeRogatis, Jim</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/milkitcollectedm00dero">Milk It! Collected Musings on the Alternative Music Explosion of the 90's</a>. Cambridge: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81271-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81271-1"><bdi>0-306-81271-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milk+It%21+Collected+Musings+on+the+Alternative+Music+Explosion+of+the+90%27s&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-306-81271-1&rft.aulast=DeRogatis&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilkitcollectedm00dero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlanagan1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Flanagan" title="Bill Flanagan">Flanagan, Bill</a> (1996). U2 at the End of the World (Paperback ed.). New York: Delta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-31157-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-31157-5"><bdi>0-385-31157-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U2+at+the+End+of+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Delta&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-385-31157-5&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedlander2006" class="citation book cs1">Friedlander, Paul (2006). Rock & Roll: A Social History (2nd ed.). Boulder: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-4306-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-4306-2"><bdi>0-8133-4306-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+%26+Roll%3A+A+Social+History&rft.place=Boulder&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8133-4306-2&rft.aulast=Friedlander&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2008" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Nathan (2008). Bono's Politics: The Future of Celebrity Political Activism. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-639-02623-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-639-02623-8"><bdi>978-3-639-02623-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bono%27s+Politics%3A+The+Future+of+Celebrity+Political+Activism&rft.place=Saarbr%C3%BCcken&rft.pub=VDM+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-639-02623-8&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobling2014" class="citation book cs1">Jobling, John (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/u2definitivebiog0000jobl">U2: The Definitive Biography</a>. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-02789-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-02789-4"><bdi>978-1-250-02789-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U2%3A+The+Definitive+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-250-02789-4&rft.aulast=Jobling&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fu2definitivebiog0000jobl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGee2008" class="citation book cs1">McGee, Matt (2008). U2: A Diary. London: Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84772-108-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84772-108-2"><bdi>978-1-84772-108-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U2%3A+A+Diary&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84772-108-2&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoody1998" class="citation book cs1">Moody, James L. (1998). Concert Lighting: Techniques, Art, and Business (2nd ed.). Boston: Focal Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-240-80293-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-240-80293-4"><bdi>0-240-80293-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concert+Lighting%3A+Techniques%2C+Art%2C+and+Business&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-240-80293-4&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScharen2006" class="citation book cs1">Scharen, Christian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onestepcloserwhy00scha">One Step Closer: Why U2 Matters to Those Seeking God</a>. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58743-169-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58743-169-6"><bdi>1-58743-169-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Step+Closer%3A+Why+U2+Matters+to+Those+Seeking+God&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Brazos+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-58743-169-6&rft.aulast=Scharen&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonestepcloserwhy00scha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Niall_Stokes" title="Niall Stokes">Stokes, Niall</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intoheart00stok">Into the Heart: The Stories Behind Every U2 Song</a>. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56025-134-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56025-134-4"><bdi>1-56025-134-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+the+Heart%3A+The+Stories+Behind+Every+U2+Song&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-56025-134-4&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Niall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintoheart00stok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2000" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, John J. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raisedbywolvesst0000thom">Raised by Wolves: The Story of Christian Rock & Roll</a>. Toronto: ECW Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55022-421-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-55022-421-2"><bdi>1-55022-421-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raised+by+Wolves%3A+The+Story+of+Christian+Rock+%26+Roll&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-55022-421-2&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fraisedbywolvesst0000thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU22006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/Neil_McCormick" title="Neil McCormick">McCormick, Neil</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/u2byu200u2ne">U2 by U2</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-719668-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-719668-7"><bdi>0-00-719668-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U2+by+U2&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-00-719668-7&rft.au=U2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fu2byu200u2ne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zoo_TV:_Live_from_Sydney" title="Zoo TV: Live from Sydney">Zoo TV: Live from Sydney</a> (DVD). Special Edition: <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">UMG</a>. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zoo+TV%3A+Live+from+Sydney&rft.place=Special+Edition&rft.pub=Island+%2F+UMG&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZoo+TV+Tour" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_TV_Tour&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zoo_TV_Tour" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zoo TV Tour">Zoo TV Tour</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://u2.com/tour/index/tour/id/54">Zoo TV Tour at U2.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415160844/http://www.stufish.com/u2/zoo-tv/reality.html">Mark Fisher's Zoo TV Gallery</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U2" title="Template:U2"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U2" title="Template talk:U2"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U2" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U2"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U2" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">The Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton" title="Adam Clayton">Adam Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Larry Mullen Jr.</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dik_Evans" title="Dik Evans">Dik Evans</a></li> <li>Ivan McCormick</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_(album)" title="Boy (album)">Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_(U2_album)" title="October (U2 album)">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_(U2_album)" title="War (U2 album)">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unforgettable_Fire" title="The Unforgettable Fire">The Unforgettable Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joshua_Tree" title="The Joshua Tree">The Joshua Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattle_and_Hum" title="Rattle and Hum">Rattle and Hum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achtung_Baby" title="Achtung Baby">Achtung Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zooropa" title="Zooropa">Zooropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_(U2_album)" title="Pop (U2 album)">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_That_You_Can%27t_Leave_Behind" title="All That You Can't Leave Behind">All That You Can't Leave Behind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Dismantle_an_Atomic_Bomb" title="How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb">How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Line_on_the_Horizon" title="No Line on the Horizon">No Line on the Horizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Innocence_(U2_album)" title="Songs of Innocence (U2 album)">Songs of Innocence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Experience_(U2_album)" title="Songs of Experience (U2 album)">Songs of Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Surrender" title="Songs of Surrender">Songs of Surrender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_1980%E2%80%931990" title="The Best of 1980–1990">The Best of 1980–1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_1990%E2%80%932000" title="The Best of 1990–2000">The Best of 1990–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_U2" title="The Complete U2">The Complete U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U218_Singles" title="U218 Singles">U218 Singles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extended plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_(U2_EP)" title="Three (U2 EP)">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Awake_in_America" title="Wide Awake in America">Wide Awake in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Please:_PopHeart_Live_EP" title="Please: PopHeart Live EP">Please: PopHeart Live EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_(U2_EP)" title="7 (U2 EP)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_from_Under_the_Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Live from Under the Brooklyn Bridge">Live from Under the Brooklyn Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Awake_in_Europe" title="Wide Awake in Europe">Wide Awake in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums, fan-club releases, and other albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Under_a_Blood_Red_Sky" title="Under a Blood Red Sky">Under a Blood Red Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melon:_Remixes_for_Propaganda" title="Melon: Remixes for Propaganda">Melon: Remixes for Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Soundtracks_1" title="Original Soundtracks 1">Original Soundtracks 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PopMart:_Live_from_Mexico_City" title="PopMart: Live from Mexico City">Hasta la Vista Baby! U2 Live from Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_from_the_Point_Depot" title="Live from the Point Depot">Live from the Point Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2.Communication" title="U2.Communication">U2.Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_TV:_Live_from_Sydney#Audio_release" title="Zoo TV: Live from Sydney">Zoo TV Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2_Go_Home:_Live_from_Slane_Castle,_Ireland" title="U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle, Ireland">U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle, Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_from_Paris_(U2_album)" title="Live from Paris (U2 album)">Live from Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium,_Rare_%26_Remastered" title="Medium, Rare & Remastered">Medium, Rare & Remastered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Horizon_(album)" title="Artificial Horizon (album)">Artificial Horizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duals" title="Duals">Duals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U22_(album)" title="U22 (album)">U22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Ground_Up:_Edge%27s_Picks_from_U2360%C2%B0" title="From the Ground Up: Edge's Picks from U2360°">From the Ground Up: Edge's Picks from U2360°</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Videos and films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U2_Live_at_Red_Rocks:_Under_a_Blood_Red_Sky" title="U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky">U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unforgettable_Fire#The_Unforgettable_Fire_Collection" title="The Unforgettable Fire">The Unforgettable Fire Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattle_and_Hum#Film" title="Rattle and Hum">Rattle and Hum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_TV:_Live_from_Sydney" title="Zoo TV: Live from Sydney">Zoo TV: Live from Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PopMart:_Live_from_Mexico_City" title="PopMart: Live from Mexico City">PopMart: Live from Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_2001:_Live_from_Boston" title="Elevation 2001: Live from Boston">Elevation 2001: Live from Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2_Go_Home:_Live_from_Slane_Castle,_Ireland" title="U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle, Ireland">U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle, Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_2005:_Live_from_Chicago" title="Vertigo 2005: Live from Chicago">Vertigo 2005: Live from Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U218_Singles#Vertigo_05:_Live_from_Milan_DVD" title="U218 Singles">Vertigo 05: Live from Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U218_Videos" title="U218 Videos">U218 Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_from_Paris_(U2_album)" title="Live from Paris (U2 album)">Live from Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2_3D" title="U2 3D">U2 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_(film)" title="Linear (film)">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2360%C2%B0_at_the_Rose_Bowl" title="U2360° at the Rose Bowl">U2360° at the Rose Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Sky_Down" title="From the Sky Down">From the Sky Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocence_%2B_Experience:_Live_in_Paris" title="Innocence + Experience: Live in Paris">Innocence + Experience: Live in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-U2_An_Immersive_Concert_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="V-U2 An Immersive Concert Film">V-U2 An Immersive Concert Film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concert tours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_Tour" title="October Tour">October Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Tour" title="War Tour">War Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unforgettable_Fire_Tour" title="The Unforgettable Fire Tour">The Unforgettable Fire Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conspiracy_of_Hope" title="A Conspiracy of Hope">A Conspiracy of Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joshua_Tree_Tour" title="The Joshua Tree Tour">The Joshua Tree Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovetown_Tour" title="Lovetown Tour">Lovetown Tour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zoo TV Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PopMart_Tour" title="PopMart Tour">PopMart Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_Tour" title="Elevation Tour">Elevation Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_Tour" title="Vertigo Tour">Vertigo Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2_360%C2%B0_Tour" title="U2 360° Tour">U2 360° Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocence_%2B_Experience_Tour" title="Innocence + Experience Tour">Innocence + Experience Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joshua_Tree_Tours_2017_and_2019" title="The Joshua Tree Tours 2017 and 2019">The Joshua Tree Tour 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experience_%2B_Innocence_Tour" title="Experience + Innocence Tour">Experience + Innocence Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joshua_Tree_Tours_2017_and_2019" title="The Joshua Tree Tours 2017 and 2019">The Joshua Tree Tour 2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaillancourt_Fountain#1987_U2_concert" title="Vaillancourt Fountain">1987 Vaillancourt Fountain performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2_concert_in_Sarajevo" title="U2 concert in Sarajevo">1997 concert in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVI_halftime_show" title="Super Bowl XXXVI halftime show">Super Bowl XXXVI halftime show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_8" title="Live 8">Live 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival_2011" title="Glastonbury Festival 2011">Glastonbury Festival 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2:UV_Achtung_Baby_Live_at_Sphere" title="U2:UV Achtung Baby Live at Sphere">U2:UV Achtung Baby Live at Sphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U2_discography" title="U2 discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_U2" title="List of songs recorded by U2">Songs recorded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_U2" title="List of awards and nominations received by U2">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cover_versions_of_U2_songs" title="List of cover versions of U2 songs">Covers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribute albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pride:_The_Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra_Plays_U2" title="Pride: The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Plays U2">Pride: The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Plays U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Will_Follow:_A_Tribute_to_U2" title="We Will Follow: A Tribute to U2">We Will Follow: A Tribute to U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/With_or_Without_You_(album)" title="With or Without You (album)">With or Without You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_Love:_Artists_United_for_Africa" title="In the Name of Love: Artists United for Africa">In the Name of Love: Artists United for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_Better_Than_the_Real_Thing_Vol._3" title="Even Better Than the Real Thing Vol. 3">Even Better Than the Real Thing Vol. 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AHK-toong_BAY-bi_Covered" title="AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered">AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belong_(Kevin_Walker_album)" title="Belong (Kevin Walker album)">Belong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Million_Dollar_Hotel_(soundtrack)" title="The Million Dollar Hotel (soundtrack)">The Million Dollar Hotel soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Records" title="Mother Records">Mother Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2_by_U2" title="U2 by U2">U2 by U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2_Tower" title="U2 Tower">U2 Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McGuinness" title="Paul McGuinness">Paul McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Oseary" title="Guy Oseary">Guy Oseary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Azoff" title="Irving Azoff">Irving Azoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bram_van_den_Berg" title="Bram van den Berg">Bram van den Berg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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