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id="toc-Emergency_financial_manager" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_financial_manager"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Emergency financial manager</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_financial_manager-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2010 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>2000 Census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Government form</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Mayoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_past_Mayors_of_Pontiac" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_past_Mayors_of_Pontiac"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>List of past Mayors of Pontiac</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_past_Mayors_of_Pontiac-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>City Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal,_state,_and_county_legislators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal,_state,_and_county_legislators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Federal, state, and county legislators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal,_state,_and_county_legislators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_Tax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_Tax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>City Tax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_Tax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pontiac_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pontiac_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Pontiac Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pontiac_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oakland_County_Service_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oakland_County_Service_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Oakland County Service Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oakland_County_Service_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SMART_Flex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SMART_Flex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>SMART Flex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SMART_Flex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pontiac, Michigan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="بونتياك (ميشيغان) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بونتياك (ميشيغان)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پونتیاک، میشیقان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پونتیاک، میشیقان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Michigan)" title="Pontiac (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Michigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pontiac (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(M%C3%ADchigan)" title="Pontiac (Míchigan) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pontiac (Míchigan)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiako_(urbo)" title="Pontiako (urbo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pontiako (urbo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پونتیاک، میشیگان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پونتیاک، میشیگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%DA%A9_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="پؤنتياک (ميشيگان) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پؤنتياک (ميشيگان)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B0%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%A1_(%EB%AF%B8%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%A3%BC)" title="폰티액 (미시간주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폰티액 (미시간주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF,_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="بونتياك (اوكلاند, ميشيجان) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بونتياك (اوكلاند, ميشيجان)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF_(%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E)" title="ポンティアック (ミシガン州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポンティアック (ミシガン州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Понтиак (Мичиган) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Понтиак (Мичиган)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac (Michigan) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pontiac (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Понтиак (Мичиган) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Понтиак (Мичиган)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Понтијак (Мичиген) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Понтијак (Мичиген)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Понтиак (Мичиган) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Понтиак (Мичиган)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Понтіак (Мічиган) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Понтіак (Мічиган)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A6%DA%A9%D8%8C_%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%86" title="پونٹیئک، مشی گن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پونٹیئک، مشی گن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pontiac, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pontiac,_Michigan&params=42_38_46_N_83_17_33_W_region:US-MI_type:city(62,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°38′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°17′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.64611°N 83.29250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.64611; -83.29250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Michigan, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Pontiac, Michigan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Pontiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Pontiac"><img alt="Downtown Pontiac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Downtown_Pontiac.jpg/250px-Downtown_Pontiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Downtown_Pontiac.jpg/375px-Downtown_Pontiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Downtown_Pontiac.jpg/500px-Downtown_Pontiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Pontiac</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PontiacMichiganSeal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Pontiac, Michigan"><img alt="Official seal of Pontiac, Michigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/PontiacMichiganSeal.png/100px-PontiacMichiganSeal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b7/PontiacMichiganSeal.png 1.5x" data-file-width="118" data-file-height="117" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Yak, Yaktown</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontiac,_MI_location.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within Oakland County"><img alt="Location within Oakland County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Pontiac%2C_MI_location.png/250px-Pontiac%2C_MI_location.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Pontiac%2C_MI_location.png/375px-Pontiac%2C_MI_location.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Pontiac%2C_MI_location.png/500px-Pontiac%2C_MI_location.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within <a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland County</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pontiac is located in Michigan"><img alt="Pontiac is located in Michigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png/250px-Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png/375px-Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png/500px-Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.627%;left:83.994%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pontiac"><img alt="Pontiac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Pontiac</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the state of Michigan</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Michigan</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pontiac is located in the United States"><img alt="Pontiac is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.312%;left:70.197%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pontiac"><img alt="Pontiac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Pontiac</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pontiac,_Michigan&params=42_38_46_N_83_17_33_W_region:US-MI_type:city(62,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°38′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°17′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.64611°N 83.29250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.64611; -83.29250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Michigan" title="List of counties in Michigan">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1818</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1837 (village)<br />1861 (city)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(Odawa_leader)" title="Pontiac (Odawa leader)">Pontiac</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Greimel" title="Tim Greimel">Tim Greimel</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Garland Doyle</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">20.25 sq mi (52.46 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">19.89 sq mi (51.50 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.37 sq mi (0.95 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">922 ft (281 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">61,606</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,098.11/sq mi (1,196.16/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,296,250 (<a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Eastern_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Eastern Time Zone">Eastern (EST)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">48302 (<a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a>)<br />48320 (<a href="/wiki/Keego_Harbor,_Michigan" title="Keego Harbor, Michigan">Keego Harbor</a>)<br />48321, 48326 (<a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a>)<br />48340–48343</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_248_and_947" title="Area codes 248 and 947">248 and 947</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26-65440</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">0635224<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pontiac.mi.us">pontiac<wbr />.mi<wbr />.us</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pontiac</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">PON</span>-(t)ee-ak</i></a></i>) is a city in and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland County</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GR6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located roughly 26 miles (41.8 km) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">downtown Detroit</a>, Pontiac is part of the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit metropolitan area</a>, and is variously described as a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">satellite city</a> or <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburb</a> of Detroit. As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, the city had a population of 61,606.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1818, Pontiac was the second European-American organized settlement in Michigan near Detroit, after <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a>. It was named after <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(Ottawa_leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac (Ottawa leader)">Pontiac</a>, a war chief of the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa people">Ottawa Tribe</a>, who occupied the area before the European settlers. The city was best known for its <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> automobile manufacturing plants of the 20th century, which were the basis of its economy and contributed to the wealth of the region. These included <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Body" title="Fisher Body">Fisher Body</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_East_Assembly" title="Pontiac East Assembly">Pontiac East Assembly</a> (a.k.a. Truck & Coach/Bus), which manufactured <a href="/wiki/GMC_(automobile)" title="GMC (automobile)">GMC</a> products, and the Pontiac Motor Division. In the city's heyday, it was the site of the primary automobile assembly plant for the production of the famed <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a> cars, a brand that was named after the city. The Pontiac brand itself was discontinued in 2010 by General Motors. The City of Pontiac also was home to <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland (automobile)">Oakland Motor Car Company</a>, which was acquired by General Motors in 1909. </p><p>In 1975, the city built the <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a>, the stadium that hosted the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> from 1975 to 2001, when the team returned to Downtown Detroit at <a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a>. <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVI" title="Super Bowl XVI">Super Bowl XVI</a> was played at the Silverdome in 1982. After 2001, the stadium continued to be used for concerts and other events until it was demolished in 2018. It is now the site of an Amazon Fulfillment and Distribution facility. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontiac_Asylum_c_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Pontiac_Asylum_c_1912.jpg/220px-Pontiac_Asylum_c_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Pontiac_Asylum_c_1912.jpg/330px-Pontiac_Asylum_c_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Pontiac_Asylum_c_1912.jpg/440px-Pontiac_Asylum_c_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Valley_Center" title="Clinton Valley Center">Pontiac State Hospital</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1912</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oak_Hill_Cemetery_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG/170px-Oak_Hill_Cemetery_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG/255px-Oak_Hill_Cemetery_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG/340px-Oak_Hill_Cemetery_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Buckland Memorial Chapel at <a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_(Pontiac,_Michigan)" title="Oak Hill Cemetery (Pontiac, Michigan)">Oak Hill Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Present-day Pontiac, Michigan was traversed for thousands of years by indigenous peoples due to the confluence of the Saginaw Trail and the Nottawassippi River; the river's indigenous name was replaced with the Clinton River name by settlers coming from New York State where DeWitt Clinton served as Governor. The Saginaw Trail was an important land trail route for indigenous peoples that ran from the Saginaw Bay in Michigan to the Detroit River in present-day Detroit. </p><p>Early European expeditions into the land north of Detroit described the area as having "extreme sterility and barrenness".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developments and exploration were soon to prove that report false. </p><p>The first European-American settlers arrived in what is now the city of Pontiac in 1818. They followed the Saginaw Trail north from Detroit and determined the settlement should be where the trail and the river crossed. Two years later the fledgling settlement was designated as the county seat for Oakland County, due in part to the Michigan Territorial Governor Lewis Cass being receptive to the lobbying of The Pontiac Company's members that their recently acquired property was ideal for the county seat location. </p><p>The Pontiac Company, consisting of 15 members and chaired by Solomon Sibley of <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, comprised the first landowners in Pontiac. Sibley, along with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mack" title="Stephen Mack">Stephen Mack</a> and Shubael Conant, Pontiac Company members, also formed the partnership Mack, Conant & Sibley to develop a town. Solomon and his wife Sarah Sibley largely financed construction of the first buildings. While Solomon was the first chair of the Pontiac Company, for two years Sarah Sibley was the most active as the go-between with settlers at Pontiac. Solomon Sibley was constantly traveling as a Territorial Congressman and later a Territorial Supreme Court judge.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sibley-Hoyt_House" title="Sibley-Hoyt House">Sibley-Hoyt house</a>, thought to be one of the first structures in Pontiac, is preserved by its private owner. </p><p>In the 1820s Elizabeth Denison, an unmarried, free black woman, worked for the Sibleys. They helped her buy land in Pontiac in 1825. Stephen Mack, agent for the Pontiac Company, signed the deed at the request of the Sibleys, conveying 48.5 acres to Elizabeth Denison. She is believed to be the first black woman to purchase land in the new territory of Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1837 Pontiac became a village, the same year that Michigan gained statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town had been named after the noted Ottawa Indian war chief who had his headquarters in the area decades before, during the resistance to European-American encroachment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded on the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_River_(Michigan)" title="Clinton River (Michigan)">Clinton River</a>, Pontiac was Michigan's first inland settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rivers were critical to settlements as transportation ways, in addition to providing water and, later, power. </p><p>The village was incorporated by the legislature as a city in 1861. From the beginning, Pontiac's central location served it well. It attracted professional people, including doctors and lawyers, and soon became a center of industry. Woolen and grist mills made use of the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_River_(Michigan)" title="Clinton River (Michigan)">Clinton River</a> as a power source. </p><p>Abundant natural resources led to the establishment of several carriage manufacturing companies, all of which were thriving at the turn of the 20th century. One of the largest carriage manufacturing companies in Pontiac of that era was the O.J. Beaudette Wagon Works, which made bodies for carriages and then transitioned to manufacturing bodies for automobiles. At that time, the first self-propelled vehicles were introduced. Pontiac quickly became a capital of the new automotive industry.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 1910s and 1920s, Pontiac had tremendous growth in its population and size as tens of thousands of prospective autoworkers moved here from the South to work in its GM auto assembly plants at <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Assembly" title="Pontiac Assembly">Pontiac Assembly</a>. African Americans came in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a>, seeking work, education, and the chance to vote and escape the oppression of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Crow">Jim Crow</a> in the South. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairgrove_Avenue_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fairgrove_Avenue_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG/220px-Fairgrove_Avenue_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fairgrove_Avenue_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG/330px-Fairgrove_Avenue_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fairgrove_Avenue_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG/440px-Fairgrove_Avenue_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_B.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3516" data-file-height="2364" /></a><figcaption>Houses in the <a href="/wiki/Fairgrove_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Fairgrove Avenue Historic District">Fairgrove Avenue Historic District</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As the small "horseless carriage" manufacturers became consolidated under the mantle of the General Motors Corporation, Pontiac grew as the industry grew. It also suffered the same setbacks as other cities during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> years of the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildup of the defense industry and conversion of the automotive industry to war demands increased the need for labor. Pontiac was a pivotal concentration of wartime production for the United States in World War II. Among many other vehicles and weapons, Pontiac facilities produced thousands of GMC trucks, Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns, naval torpedoes, tank axles, amphibious vehicles, and munitions. </p><p>The first postwar years after World War II were a time of prosperity, and continued migration of African Americans to the city in the second wave of the Great Migration, but the city changed as suburbs were developed and people commuted by car to work. The more established residents moved out to buy newer housing being built in the suburbs, draining off business and resulting in vacancies downtown. Racist policies and racial animus toward the growing African American population was also an important factor, and until the mid-1960s with the enactment of Fair Housing ordinances, most of the properties in Pontiac neighborhoods contained racially restrictive covenants in the deeds. </p><p>In order to prevent flooding, Pontiac confined the Clinton River in concrete through the downtown in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changing ideas about urban living in the early 21st century prompted the city to study uncovering the river to create a waterfront community in the city. </p><p>In late 1966, Pontiac-born real estate developer <a href="/wiki/A._Alfred_Taubman" title="A. Alfred Taubman">A. Alfred Taubman</a> tried to build a large-scale shopping mall on vacant downtown land (where the Phoenix Center now stands). It was unsuccessful. Pontiac resident C. Don Davidson and his <a href="/wiki/University_of_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Detroit">University of Detroit</a> architectural class created a more comprehensive plan for development to benefit the city and the entire region around it. In 1969, the city of Pontiac adopted the Pontiac Plan as the official plan for rebuilding the vacant area of the downtown district.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Where_Is_Everyone%3F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Where_Is_Everyone%3F.jpg/220px-Where_Is_Everyone%3F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Where_Is_Everyone%3F.jpg/330px-Where_Is_Everyone%3F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Where_Is_Everyone%3F.jpg/440px-Where_Is_Everyone%3F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1313" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1965, Davidson overheard news that the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a> were seeking a new football stadium in Southeast Michigan. Professor Davidson and city leaders made a push to develop a new multi-purpose stadium, which was built and became known as the <a href="/wiki/Silverdome" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverdome">Silverdome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction began on the 80,000-seat stadium in 1972 and it opened in 1975 as the Pontiac Metropolitan Stadium. </p><p>This was a part of Davidson's vision for Pontiac. Besides becoming the new home stadium of the NFL's <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a>, NBA's <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Pistons" title="Detroit Pistons">Detroit Pistons</a> and USFL's <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Panthers" title="Michigan Panthers">Michigan Panthers</a>, the arena hosted such events as the 1979 <a href="/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Game" title="NBA All-Star Game">NBA All-Star Game</a>, the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVI" title="Super Bowl XVI">Super Bowl XVI</a> game between the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bengals" title="Cincinnati Bengals">Cincinnati Bengals</a>, and four matches of soccer's <a href="/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1994 FIFA World Cup">1994 World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968 there was an outbreak of a <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">flu</a>-like disease called <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_fever" title="Pontiac fever">Pontiac fever</a>. After the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacterium</a> <a href="/wiki/Legionella_pneumophila" title="Legionella pneumophila">Legionella pneumophila</a> in 1976 in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, blood specimens from 1968 were re-examined and the same bacterium was found.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 30, 1971, ten school buses were destroyed in a bombing during white resistance to a federal court order to desegregate the city's public schools.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction began in the 1970s on an urban renewal project known as the "Pontiac Plan". The initial phase of this plan included the Phoenix Center, three office buildings, a transportation center, and a high-rise residential complex. The remainder of the plan was never completed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has struggled with declining population since 1980, due to industrial restructuring and the loss of jobs, especially in the automotive industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergency_financial_manager">Emergency financial manager</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Emergency financial manager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 2009 through 2013, Pontiac was under the oversight of an Emergency Financial Manager appointed by the state government. The Emergency Manager was authorized to make day-to-day executive and financial municipal decisions. The position was not subject to the usual checks and balances, nor to election. The first and second managers, Fred Leeb and Michael Stampfler, were appointed by Michigan Governor <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>. The third manager was Louis Schimmel, who was appointed by Governor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Snyder" title="Rick Snyder">Rick Snyder</a>. </p><p>In order to balance the budget, state-appointed emergency managers drastically revised labor union contracts with the city, sold off city assets such as parking meters, and privatized most public services. The Oakland County Sheriff's Office handles all police (saving $2 million a year) and nearby Waterford township has responsibility for fire protection (saving $3 million). Pontiac sold its water treatment plant for $55 million, and outsources garbage collection, animal control, vital records and street maintenance. Many people working in City Hall are employed by contractors. The city payroll has declined from 600 to 50 employees. The Silverdome Stadium, once valued at $22 million, was sold for $583,000 (it would end up being demolished in December 2017). The emergency managers reduced the city's annual spending to $36 million from $57 million, and erased almost all of its long-term debt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2013, Schimmel resigned as Emergency Financial Manager. Schimmel now serves as part of the four-member Transition Advisory Board for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other members of the board include Deputy Oakland County Executive Bob Daddow, Rochester Hills Finance Director Keith Sawdon, and Ed Karyzno, administrator of the Michigan Department of Treasury's Office of Financial Responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2012, Mayor Leon Jukowski and Emergency Financial Manager Louis Schimmel announced plans to demolish the Phoenix Center. Its vacancy rates were high, and the city did not want to continue the high maintenance costs. New thinking about downtown was to re-emphasize the street grid; the city wanted to reconnect Saginaw Street to the downtown area. Owners of the connecting Ottawa Towers filed an injunction, claiming the demolition would devalue their property and result in lost parking. In December 2012, a judge granted an injunction for the Ottawa Towers on an "expedited calendar", which prevented the demolition of the Phoenix Center for the time being.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, city leaders and business owners had launched "The Rise of The Phoenix" initiative. This plan was intended to attract businesses interested in downtown retail space. The applicants selected would be given free rent in exchange for multi-year leases (two years or more) as well as one year of free parking in city lots. Some 52 new businesses were recruited to locate in downtown Pontiac, bringing new life to the city. Plans for the development of mixed-use and loft flats in downtown were announced in September 2011 by the Michigan Economic Growth Authority (MEGA). MEGA estimates the development could generate $20.4 million in new investment and create up to 107 permanent full-time jobs in downtown. The development was to be supported by a state tax break.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 26, 2012, West Construction Services began the renovation and restoration of the former <a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a> building for the Lafayette Place Lofts, the largest construction investment in Downtown Pontiac in approximately 30 years. The 80,000-square-foot (7,400 m<sup>2</sup>) project is a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design</a> (LEED) certified residential and commercial mixed-use development: it will have 46 new urban rental lofts, a fresh food grocery store and café, and a fitness center. Construction was completed during 2012, and the lofts and market opened in December of that year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (January 2013)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10 West Lofts, another development in the area, will bring more residents to downtown Pontiac.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 20.29 square miles (52.55 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 19.97 square miles (51.72 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.32 square miles (0.83 km<sup>2</sup>) (1.58%) is water.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pontiac is bounded by the city of <a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a> to the east and north, the city of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Angelus,_Michigan" title="Lake Angelus, Michigan">Lake Angelus</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford Township</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a> to the south. </p><p>The former <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Township,_Michigan" title="Pontiac Township, Michigan">Pontiac Township</a> included what are now the cities of Pontiac, Lake Angelus, and Auburn Hills. The last remaining portion of the township incorporated as the city of Auburn Hills in 1983. Although the township no longer exists as a civil entity, it is still used as a <a href="/wiki/Survey_township" title="Survey township">survey township</a> for land use purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>1,904</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>1,681</td><td></td><td>−11.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>2,575</td><td></td><td>53.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>4,867</td><td></td><td>89.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>4,509</td><td></td><td>−7.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>6,200</td><td></td><td>37.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>9,769</td><td></td><td>57.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>14,532</td><td></td><td>48.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>34,273</td><td></td><td>135.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>64,928</td><td></td><td>89.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>66,626</td><td></td><td>2.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>73,681</td><td></td><td>10.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>82,223</td><td></td><td>11.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>85,279</td><td></td><td>3.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>76,715</td><td></td><td>−10.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>71,166</td><td></td><td>−7.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>66,337</td><td></td><td>−6.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>59,515</td><td></td><td>−10.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>61,606</td><td></td><td>3.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 2010-2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Pontiac city, Michigan – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP008_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP008-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>22,875 </td> <td>15,815 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">14,448 </td> <td>34.48% </td> <td>26.57% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">23.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>31,416 </td> <td>30,384 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">29,046 </td> <td>47.36% </td> <td>51.05% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">47.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>275 </td> <td>242 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">176 </td> <td>0.41% </td> <td>0.41% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,576 </td> <td>1,359 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,408 </td> <td>2.38% </td> <td>2.28% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>12 </td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">13 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>109 </td> <td>69 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">295 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>1,611 </td> <td>1,809 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2,763 </td> <td>2.43% </td> <td>3.04% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>8,463 </td> <td>9,835 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">13,457 </td> <td>12.76% </td> <td>16.53% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">21.84% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>66,337</b> </td> <td><b>59,515</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>61,606</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_census">2010 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2010 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the census<sup id="cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 2010, there were 59,515 people, 22,220 households, and 13,365 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,980.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,150.7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 27,084 housing units at an average density of 1,356.2 per square mile (523.6/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 34.4% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 52.1% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 2.3% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 6.2% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">other races</a>, and 4.5% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> residents of any race were 16.5% of the population. </p><p>There were 22,220 households, of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.4% were married couples living together, 27.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.9% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.28. </p><p>The median age in the city was 33.4 years. 27.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.2% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 9.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.1% male and 50.9% female. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_Census">2000 Census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2000 Census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $31,207, and the median income for a family was $36,391. Males had a median income of $31,961 versus $24,765 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,842. About 18.0% of families and 22.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_Boulevard_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_D.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Franklin_Boulevard_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_D.JPG/300px-Franklin_Boulevard_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_D.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Franklin_Boulevard_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_D.JPG/450px-Franklin_Boulevard_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_D.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Franklin_Boulevard_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_D.JPG/600px-Franklin_Boulevard_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_D.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2779" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Boulevard_Historic_District_(Pontiac,_Michigan)" title="Franklin Boulevard Historic District (Pontiac, Michigan)">Franklin Boulevard Historic District</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Housing_Corporation_Addition_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_A.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Modern_Housing_Corporation_Addition_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_A.JPG/300px-Modern_Housing_Corporation_Addition_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_A.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Modern_Housing_Corporation_Addition_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_A.JPG/450px-Modern_Housing_Corporation_Addition_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_A.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Modern_Housing_Corporation_Addition_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_A.JPG/600px-Modern_Housing_Corporation_Addition_Historic_District_Pontiac_MI_A.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3036" data-file-height="1349" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Housing_Corporation_Addition_Historic_District" title="Modern Housing Corporation Addition Historic District">Modern Housing Corporation Addition Historic District</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Regionally, the city was known for the Arts, Beats and Eats Festival,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a widely attended summer festival featuring an art show, musical concert venues, and a sampling of food from numerous regional restaurants. In 2010, the festival was moved to nearby <a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a>. The First Annual Scheme Cruise was held September 6, 2015, an event sponsored by the Scheme Street Battle League. The event combined rap battles, basketball competitions, and a car show. Pontiac officials are considering relocating the event to the downtown area of the city. </p><p>The city is at the north end of the famous <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodward Avenue">Woodward Avenue</a>, which extends as a major boulevard into Detroit. It was originally lined with mansions and prestigious businesses. In the 1950s and 1960s it was popular with young people who would "cruise" and drag-race their <a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">hot-rods</a> in the area. Pontiac participates in the annual <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Dream_Cruise" title="Woodward Dream Cruise">Woodward Dream Cruise</a>, an event celebrating Woodward's hot-rod history, with a parade of cars stretching from Detroit to Pontiac. </p><p>The city hosts two nationally renowned <a href="/wiki/Haunted_house" title="Haunted house">haunted houses</a>: The Realm of Darkness and <a href="/wiki/Erebus_haunted_attraction" title="Erebus haunted attraction">Erebus</a>. The Realm of Darkness has in previous years been chosen as America's Best Haunted House. <a href="/wiki/Erebus_haunted_attraction" title="Erebus haunted attraction">Erebus</a> held the world record from 2005 to 2009 for "Largest Haunted House"; it is 4 stories high. </p><p>Pontiac was an early location of movie making, with the Raleigh Michigan Studios, renamed as the <a href="/wiki/Motown_Motion_Picture_Studios" title="Motown Motion Picture Studios">Motown Motion Picture Studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scenes of the 2012 remake of the film <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Dawn_(2012_film)" title="Red Dawn (2012 film)">Red Dawn</a></i> were filmed in Pontiac and other Michigan locations, recreating <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>. Additionally, downtown Pontiac in August 2012 was the filming site for the tornado-themed disaster movie <i><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Storm_(2014_film)" title="Into the Storm (2014 film)">Into the Storm</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2013 <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> adventure film <i><a href="/wiki/Oz_the_Great_and_Powerful" title="Oz the Great and Powerful">Oz the Great and Powerful</a></i> was filmed at Motown Motion Picture Studios.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Transformers:_Age_of_Extinction" title="Transformers: Age of Extinction">Transformers: Age of Extinction</a></i> is the latest movie to be filmed within the studio, with the bulk of filming taking place in Pontiac.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pontiac is home to the Michigan Fallen Heroes Memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located within the Oakland County Government Complex off <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_24_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 24 in Michigan">Telegraph Road</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_form">Government form</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>1837 - Incorporated as a village by an act of the Michigan Legislature. The first election was held in the same year and voters elected to be governed by a seven member board of trustees.<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1861 - The State of Michigan redesignated Pontiac as a city which adopted the mayor-council form of government<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the city divided into five wards with two aldermen elected from each ward and the mayor elected at large.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1911 - The city adopted a new charter providing for a commission form of government consisting of a mayor and two commissioners elected by the city at large on a nonpartisan basis<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each to three year terms of office.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1920 - The city adopted a new charter providing for a commission-manager form of government consisting of seven commissioners elected by the city at large on a nonpartisan basis and a mayor elected by one of the seven to act as mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1982 - The city adopted a new charter providing for a strong-mayor form of government consisting of seven commissioners and a mayor elected by the city at large on a nonpartisan basis for 4-year terms</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mayor of Pontiac is <a href="/wiki/Tim_Greimel" title="Tim Greimel">Tim Greimel</a>. </p><p>The city of Pontiac operates under a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">strong mayor system</a>. The mayor serves as the chief executive of the city while holding all responsibilities of the city's executive branch. These responsibilities include proposing a city budget, ensuring that all laws are followed accordingly, as well as delivering a <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_City_address" title="State of the City address">State of the City address</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pontiac mayor also is responsible for appointing several positions in office including deputy mayor as well as overseeing the law, financial, police, and fire departments.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mayoral_history">Mayoral history</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mayoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wallace_E._Holland" title="Wallace E. Holland">Wallace E. Holland</a> (1974–1986 and 1990–1994) was the first African American elected as Mayor of Pontiac, and the first directly elected Mayor following the adoption of the revised Pontiac City Charter in 1982. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deirdre_Holloway_Waterman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deirdre Holloway Waterman (page does not exist)">Deirdre Holloway Waterman</a>, was an ophthalmologist who was elected as Pontiac's first female mayor by more than 68% of the vote on November 5, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-waterman_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waterman-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was re-elected in 2017 with 57% of the vote. Her late husband, William Waterman, was a prominent attorney in the community who was appointed in 1988 by Michigan Governor James Blanchard to the District Court in Pontiac and elected multiple times to continue serving; he died in office in 2003. The District Courthouse was renamed in his honor, the William J. Waterman Hall of Justice. Then-incumbent Mayor Deirdre Waterman was removed from the August primary ballot due to unresolved campaign finance violations, but continued as a write-in candidate in the primary election. She was not successful in that effort. </p><p>In November 2021, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Greimel" title="Tim Greimel">Tim Greimel</a>, who previously served as a Michigan State Representative and Oakland County Commissioner in districts that included Pontiac, was elected Mayor in the general election. He won with 61.66% of votes, while his general election opponent Alexandra T. Riley received 37.50% of the vote. Riley, a frequent candidate for office in Pontiac, previously served as a city employee under Mayor Deirdre Waterman and more recent worked for the Genesee County Land Bank Authority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_past_Mayors_of_Pontiac">List of past Mayors of Pontiac</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of past Mayors of Pontiac"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="50%" align="left"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#F5DEB3"><small>Mayors of Pontiac, Michigan</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Mayor </th> <th>Years </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Harry Mitchell </td> <td>1932–1933 </td> <td>Resigned April 1933 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Frank B. Ruf </td> <td>1933–1936 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>F. Homer Newton </td> <td>1936–1937 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Victor E. Nelson </td> <td>1937–1938 </td> <td>Appointed mayor after the resignation of his predecessor in January 1937<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>James C. Mahar† </td> <td>1938–1939 </td> <td>Died in office, August 1939<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Samuel G. Backus </td> <td>1939–1940 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>George W. Booth </td> <td>1940–1942 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Joseph H. Potts† </td> <td>1942–1943 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Died in office<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Phillip R. Sauer </td> <td>1943–1944 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Arthur J. Law </td> <td>1944–1948 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>John C. Cowe </td> <td>1948–1949 </td> <td>Resigned in August 1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>J. H. Patrick Glynn </td> <td>1949–1950 </td> <td>Picked by the council after his predecessor resigned<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>John H. Ridgway </td> <td>1950–1952 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Arthur J. Law<br /> (2nd term) </td> <td>1952–1954 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>William W. Donaldson </td> <td>1954–1958 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Philip E. Rowston </td> <td>1958–1962 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Robert A. Landry </td> <td>1962–1964 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_H._Taylor,_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/William_H._Taylor%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/100px-William_H._Taylor%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/William_H._Taylor%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/150px-William_H._Taylor%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/William_H._Taylor%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/200px-William_H._Taylor%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="238" /></a></span> </td> <td>William H. Taylor </td> <td>1964–1970 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_F._Jackson,_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Robert_F._Jackson%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/100px-Robert_F._Jackson%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Robert_F._Jackson%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/150px-Robert_F._Jackson%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Robert_F._Jackson%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="202" /></a></span> </td> <td>Robert F. Jackson </td> <td>1970–1974 </td> <td>Negotiated the relocation of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a> to Pontiac<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallace_Holland,_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/100px-Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/150px-Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallace_E._Holland" title="Wallace E. Holland">Wallace E. Holland</a> </td> <td>1974–1986 </td> <td>First <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> mayor </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Moore,_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/100px-Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/150px-Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/200px-Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="453" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_L._Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter L. Moore (page does not exist)">Walter L. Moore</a> </td> <td>1986–1990 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallace_Holland,_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/100px-Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/150px-Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Wallace_Holland%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallace_E._Holland" title="Wallace E. Holland">Wallace E. Holland</a><br /> (2nd term) </td> <td>1990–1994 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlie_J._Harrison_Jr.,_Michigan_state_representative.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Charlie_J._Harrison_Jr.%2C_Michigan_state_representative.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="138" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Harrison_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlie Harrison Jr. (page does not exist)">Charlie Harrison Jr.</a>† </td> <td>1994–1995 </td> <td>Former 62nd district Michigan state representative (1974–1994)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Died in office in 1995. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Moore,_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/100px-Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/150px-Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg/200px-Walter_Moore%2C_mayor_of_Pontiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="453" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_L._Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter L. Moore (page does not exist)">Walter L. Moore</a><br /> (2nd term) </td> <td>1995–1998<br /> 1998–2002 </td> <td>Appointed to complete Harrison's term </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Willie J. Payne </td> <td>2002–2006 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Clarence Phillips </td> <td>2006–2010 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Leon Jukowski </td> <td>2010–2014 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deirdre_Holloway_Waterman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deirdre Holloway Waterman (page does not exist)">Deirdre Holloway Waterman</a> </td> <td>2014–2022 </td> <td>First female and first female African-American mayor </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tim_Greimel" title="Tim Greimel">Tim Greimel</a> </td> <td>2022–present </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_Council">City Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: City Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Member<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Position </th> <th>In office since </th></tr> <tr> <td>District 1 </td> <td>Melanie Rutherford </td> <td> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 2 </td> <td>Brett Nicholson </td> <td> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 3 </td> <td>Mikal Goodman </td> <td> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 4 </td> <td>Kathalee James </td> <td> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 5 </td> <td>William Parker, Jr. </td> <td> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 6 </td> <td>William A. Carrington </td> <td>Pro Tempore </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 7 </td> <td>Mike McGuinness </td> <td>President </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal,_state,_and_county_legislators"><span id="Federal.2C_state.2C_and_county_legislators"></span>Federal, state, and county legislators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Federal, state, and county legislators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Representative </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 11th congressional district">11th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haley_Stevens" title="Haley Stevens">Haley Stevens</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td>2023<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Senate" title="Michigan Senate">Michigan Senate</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Senator </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_7th_Senate_district" title="Michigan's 7th Senate district">7th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Moss" title="Jeremy Moss">Jeremy Moss</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2023 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">Michigan House of Representatives</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Representative </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_53rd_House_of_Representatives_district" title="Michigan's 53rd House of Representatives district">53rd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Carter" title="Brenda Carter">Brenda Carter</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Oakland_County_Board_of_Commissioners" title="Oakland County Board of Commissioners">Oakland County Board of Commissioners</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Commissioner </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Since </th></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Angela Powell </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Kirsten Nelson </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_Tax">City Tax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: City Tax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city levies an income tax of 1 percent on residents and 0.5 percent on nonresidents.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pontiac_Library">Pontiac Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pontiac Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Pontiac library board consists of Rosie Richardson (chairperson), Yvette Brinker Marion (vice chairperson), Mattie Mckinney Hatchett (treasurer), Angela Allen (secretary), and H. Bill Maxey (trustee).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oakland_County_Service_Center">Oakland County Service Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Oakland County Service Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The East Campus of the Oakland County Service Center is located in Pontiac. It includes the county courthouse and jail for adults.<sup id="cite_ref-Complexmap_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Complexmap-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Vincent_DePaul_Catholic_Church_Pontiac_MI.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/St_Vincent_DePaul_Catholic_Church_Pontiac_MI.JPG/220px-St_Vincent_DePaul_Catholic_Church_Pontiac_MI.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/St_Vincent_DePaul_Catholic_Church_Pontiac_MI.JPG/330px-St_Vincent_DePaul_Catholic_Church_Pontiac_MI.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/St_Vincent_DePaul_Catholic_Church_Pontiac_MI.JPG/440px-St_Vincent_DePaul_Catholic_Church_Pontiac_MI.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3249" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_de_Paul_Church_(Pontiac,_Michigan)" title="St. Vincent de Paul Church (Pontiac, Michigan)">St. Vincent de Paul Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Residents are zoned to the <a href="/wiki/School_District_of_the_City_of_Pontiac" title="School District of the City of Pontiac">School District of the City of Pontiac</a>. The district runs one main high school, Pontiac High School. There were once two high schools, Pontiac Northern and <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Central_High_School" title="Pontiac Central High School">Pontiac Central</a>, but by December 2008 administrators were making plans to consolidate the schools.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four charter schools operate in Pontiac; they are <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Academy_for_Excellence" title="Pontiac Academy for Excellence">Pontiac Academy for Excellence</a> (K-12), Arts and Technology Academy, Walton Charter, and Great Lakes Academy. Pontiac is also home to <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Preparatory_(Pontiac,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame Preparatory (Pontiac, Michigan)">Notre Dame Preparatory High School</a>, a private Catholic school located in the North East area of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Transportation_Center" title="Pontiac Transportation Center">Pontiac Transportation Center</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> operates passenger service with its <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Services" title="Michigan Services">Wolverine</a> from Pontiac to Chicago via Detroit and <a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek,_Michigan" title="Battle Creek, Michigan">Battle Creek, Michigan</a>. Service is three times daily, both arriving and departing. </p><p><a href="/wiki/SEMTA_Commuter_Rail" title="SEMTA Commuter Rail">Commuter rail service</a> was once provided by <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Western_Railroad" title="Grand Trunk Western Railroad">Grand Trunk Western Railroad</a> (GTW) and later Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority (SEMTA) from Pontiac to downtown Detroit. This service ended on October 17, 1983, after subsidies were discontinued. Efforts continue to restore such commuter service. </p><p>Class one freight rail service is provided by Grand Trunk Western Railroad (GTW), which also operates a large <a href="/wiki/Classification_yard" title="Classification yard">classification yard</a> in Pontiac serving the local auto industry. The Grand Trunk Western Railroad (reporting mark GTW) is an important subsidiary of the Canadian National Railway (CN). It constitutes the majority of CN's Chicago Division (which is part of CN's Southern Region). It operates in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, forming the CN mainline from <a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, as well as serving <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oakland_County_International_Airport" title="Oakland County International Airport">Oakland County International Airport</a> serves the city and surrounding areas with commuter air service. When previously owned by the city, it was known as the Pontiac City Airport. But it is located outside the city in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterford Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Waterford Township</a> and not on land contiguous with Pontiac's city limits. <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Airport</a>, a larger international airport, is 35 miles south of the city in <a href="/wiki/Romulus,_Michigan" title="Romulus, Michigan">Romulus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Mobility_Authority_for_Regional_Transportation" title="Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation">Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation</a> (SMART) operates local and regional bus transit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SMART_Flex">SMART Flex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: SMART Flex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Launched in March 2021, SMART Flex<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an on-demand public transit service launched in partnership with TransitTech company Via Transportation<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a way to help encourage first-and-last mile connections to existing bus routes as well as trips to universities, grocery stores, local hospitals and other destinations. SMART Flex is available to residents and workers in Dearborn, Troy, Pontiac, and the Hall Road corridor between Utica and New Baltimore to book rides using the SMART Flex app.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major thoroughfares in the city are: Woodward Avenue (M-1), Huron Street (M-59), and Telegraph Road (US 24). Portions of Woodward Avenue were once known as "Saginaw Street" and "Wide Track Drive" (the portion of "Wide Track Drive" that encircles the downtown business district is now known as the "Woodward Loop") </p> <ul><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/I-75.svg/24px-I-75.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/I-75.svg/36px-I-75.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/I-75.svg/48px-I-75.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 75 in Michigan">I-75</a> provides a connection northwest to nearby <a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a>. Detroit is to the south.</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Business_Loop_75.svg/24px-Business_Loop_75.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Business_Loop_75.svg/36px-Business_Loop_75.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Business_Loop_75.svg/48px-Business_Loop_75.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="2160" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_Business_(Pontiac,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 75 Business (Pontiac, Michigan)">BL I-75</a> runs through Pontiac.</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US_24.svg/24px-US_24.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US_24.svg/36px-US_24.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US_24.svg/48px-US_24.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_24_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 24 in Michigan">US 24</a> ends north of Pontiac in at I-75. Southbound, US 24 serves suburban Detroit and <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a> before crossing into <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.</li> <li><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Business_plate.svg/24px-Business_plate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Business_plate.svg/36px-Business_plate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Business_plate.svg/48px-Business_plate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="301" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US_24.svg/24px-US_24.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US_24.svg/36px-US_24.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US_24.svg/48px-US_24.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_24_Business_(Pontiac,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 24 Business (Pontiac, Michigan)">Bus. US 24</a> serves local business traffic through the city.</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/M-1.svg/24px-M-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/M-1.svg/36px-M-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/M-1.svg/48px-M-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M-1_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-1 (Michigan highway)">M-1</a> (Woodward Avenue) northbound loops around Pontiac's downtown district (now known as the "Woodward Loop", continuing its loop back southbound as "Saginaw Street", then returning to the name of Woodward Avenue and routing directly to <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/M-24.svg/24px-M-24.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/M-24.svg/36px-M-24.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/M-24.svg/48px-M-24.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M-24_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-24 (Michigan highway)">M-24</a> (Lapeer Road) southbound ends in Auburn Hills at I-75. Northbound, the highway connects to <a href="/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer</a>. Note: M-24 does not intersect with US 24.</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/M-59.svg/24px-M-59.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/M-59.svg/36px-M-59.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/M-59.svg/48px-M-59.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M-59_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-59 (Michigan highway)">M-59</a> runs west to <a href="/wiki/Howell,_Michigan" title="Howell, Michigan">Howell</a> and east to <a href="/wiki/Utica,_Michigan" title="Utica, Michigan">Utica</a> and several other Detroit suburbs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geri_Allen" title="Geri Allen">Geri Allen</a>, jazz pianist, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_S._Bacow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence S. Bacow">Lawrence S. Bacow</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, born in Detroit, grew up in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bego" title="Mark Bego">Mark Bego</a>, author, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Birtsas" title="Tim Birtsas">Tim Birtsas</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> pitcher, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bundren" title="Jim Bundren">Jim Bundren</a>, <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> player, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_W._Burtt" title="Adolphus W. Burtt">Adolphus W. Burtt</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="South Dakota Attorney General">South Dakota Attorney General</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Cain" title="Jamal Cain">Jamal Cain</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> player for the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Heat" title="Miami Heat">Miami Heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Campbell" title="Albert J. Campbell">Albert J. Campbell</a>, U.S. Representative from Montana<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna Louise Ciccone</a>, known mononymously as <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a>, singer and actress, lived in Pontiac during childhood<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_A._Cornelius" title="Mary A. Cornelius">Mary A. Cornelius</a> (1829–1918), writer, social reformer<sup id="cite_ref-WillardLivermore-1893_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillardLivermore-1893-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Lynn_Darrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Sara Lynn Darrow">Sara Lynn Darrow</a>, United States District Court judge, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDG_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="DDG (entertainer)">DDG</a>, rapper and YouTube personality, born and raised in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Dexter" title="Pete Dexter">Pete Dexter</a>, journalist, novelist, and screenwriter, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Drake" title="Thomas J. Drake">Thomas J. Drake</a>, justice of <a href="/wiki/Utah_Supreme_Court" title="Utah Supreme Court">Utah Territorial Supreme Court</a> and third <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Michigan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Michigan">Lieutenant Governor of Michigan</a>, died in Pontiac<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Djinn" title="Electric Djinn">Electric Djinn</a>, the solo musical project of NYC-based electronic musician and producer Neptune Sweet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dez_Fitzpatrick" title="Dez Fitzpatrick">Dez Fitzpatrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> player for the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans">Tennessee Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Edman" title="Tommy Edman">Tommy Edman</a>, current second baseman for the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Gibson" title="Kirk Gibson">Kirk Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> player and <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">manager</a>, two-time World Series champion, born in Pontiac<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gray" title="Jonas Gray">Jonas Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> player, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._J._Hamler" title="K. J. Hamler">K. J. Hamler</a>, <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> player for the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Innes" title="Laura Innes">Laura Innes</a>, actress, starred in hit television series <i><a href="/wiki/ER_(TV_series)" title="ER (TV series)">ER</a></i>; born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Jackson_(basketball)" title="Isaiah Jackson (basketball)">Isaiah Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> player for the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Pacers" title="Indiana Pacers">Indiana Pacers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvin_Jones" title="Elvin Jones">Elvin Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_drumming" title="Jazz drumming">jazz drummer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Post-bop" title="Post-bop">post-bop</a> era, born in Pontiac<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a>, musician, 2009 recipient of <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>; lived in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayes_Jones" title="Hayes Jones">Hayes Jones</a>, hurdler, NCAA champion and <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Summer Olympics</a> gold medalist; lived in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thad_Jones" title="Thad Jones">Thad Jones</a>, jazz musician, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kevorkian" title="Jack Kevorkian">Jack Kevorkian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathologist">pathologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a> activist, painter, author, composer and instrumentalist, born in Pontiac<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micki_King" title="Micki King">Micki King</a>, diver, Olympic gold medalist and 10-time national champion, U.S. Air Force colonel, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Kleefisch" title="Rebecca Kleefisch">Rebecca Kleefisch</a>, Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin 2011–2019, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Lord" title="Henry W. Lord">Henry W. Lord</a>, U.S. Congressman from Michigan<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lucca" title="Tony Lucca">Tony Lucca</a>, actor/singer and former Mouseketeer, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mallory" title="Michael Mallory">Michael Mallory</a>, author/actor, grew up in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yante_Maten" title="Yante Maten">Yante Maten</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> player for the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Heat" title="Miami Heat">Miami Heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_McDaniel" title="Clara McDaniel">Clara McDaniel</a> (born 1948 in Pontiac),<sup id="cite_ref-Bare_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bare-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> blues singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Minor" title="Derek Minor">Derek Minor</a>, rapper, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_O%27Shea_(figure_skater)" title="Daniel O'Shea (figure skater)">Daniel O'Shea</a>, figure skater, 2016 national champion, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kem_(singer)" title="Kem (singer)">Kem</a>, R&B/Soul singer–songwriter and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_D._Pearsall" title="Duane D. Pearsall">Duane D. Pearsall</a>, physicist and inventor<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Gary Peters</a>, United States Senator, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_%22Howdy%22_Quicksell" title="Howard "Howdy" Quicksell">Howard "Howdy" Quicksell</a>, musician, lived and died in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Russell" title="Walker Russell">Walker Russell</a>, pro basketball player, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Russell_Jr." title="Walker Russell Jr.">Walker Russell Jr.</a>, pro basketball player, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Russell_(basketball)" title="Frank Russell (basketball)">Frank Russell</a>, NBA player, Chicago Bulls, first from Oakland County and Pontiac to play in modern NBA; raised in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campy_Russell" title="Campy Russell">Campy Russell</a>, basketball player, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball" title="Michigan Wolverines men's basketball">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a>; Best High School Player in America 1971–72, NBA All-Star 1978–79; broadcaster for <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Cavaliers" title="Cleveland Cavaliers">Cleveland Cavaliers</a>; raised in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Rust" title="Bryan Rust">Bryan Rust</a> <a href="/wiki/NHL" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL">NHL</a> hockey player for the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins" title="Pittsburgh Penguins">Pittsburgh Penguins</a>, 2x Stanley Cup Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Taubman" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Taubman">Alfred Taubman</a>, real estate developer, owned famed <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> auction house and <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Panthers" title="Michigan Panthers">Michigan Panthers</a> pro football team; born in Pontiac<sup id="cite_ref-C4WDefault-6746074_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C4WDefault-6746074-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma Vaught</a>, U.S. Air Force brigadier general, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martell_Webb" title="Martell Webb">Martell Webb</a>, <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Welke" title="Tim Welke">Tim Welke</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> umpire, born in Pontiac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_F._White" title="Donald F. White">Donald F. White</a> (1908–2002), Canadian-born American architect and engineer, of African descent; first Black licensed architect in the state of Michigan; he attended Pontiac High School<sup id="cite_ref-DSWilson_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSWilson-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> subtype for this climate is "<a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">Dfb</a>" (Warm Summer Continental Climate). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Pontiac WWTP, Michigan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1894–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79<br />(26) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(−0.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.3<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6<br />(14.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.8<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9<br />(23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.5<br />(15.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.4<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.0<br />(14.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(−4.3) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(−3.3) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(8.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.2<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.4<br />(20.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.6<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3<br />(21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8<br />(17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.4<br />(10.8) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.7<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.1<br />(9.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(−8.3) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(−7.7) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(−3.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.0<br />(9.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.6<br />(14.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.9<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.7<br />(12.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.3<br />(5.7) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(−4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.2<br />(4.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−21<br />(−29) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−22<br />(−30) </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8<br />(−22) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(−14) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(−5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(5) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(3) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(−2) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(−17) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−12<br />(−24) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−22<br />(−30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.18<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.87<br />(47) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.19<br />(56) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.94<br />(75) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.81<br />(97) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.29<br />(84) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.14<br />(80) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.24<br />(82) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.92<br />(74) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.90<br />(74) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.15<br />(80) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.25<br />(57) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.88<br />(861) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #000085; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(10) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.0<br />(91) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">129.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Metro_Detroit" title="Category:Images of Metro Detroit">Images of metropolitan Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Burnstein_Community_Health_Clinic" title="Gary Burnstein Community Health Clinic">Gary Burnstein Community Health Clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_Trail" title="Saginaw Trail">Saginaw Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodward_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodward Corridor">Woodward Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_fever" title="Pontiac fever">Pontiac fever</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn1_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevens has represented the 11th district since 2019, but the district has only included Pontiac since 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_26.txt">"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_26.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/0635224">"Pontiac"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pontiac&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F0635224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR6_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">"Find a County"</a>. 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August 9, 1939 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Battle+Creek+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Pontiac+Mayor+Dies&rft.date=1939-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fbattle-creek-enquirer%2F127643831%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal/127644007/">"Compromise Candidate Named Pontiac Mayor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lansing_State_Journal" title="Lansing State Journal">Lansing State Journal</a></i>. August 23, 1939 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lansing+State+Journal&rft.atitle=Compromise+Candidate+Named+Pontiac+Mayor&rft.date=1939-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Flansing-state-journal%2F127644007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal/127643639/">"Pontiac Mayor Chosen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lansing_State_Journal" title="Lansing State Journal">Lansing State Journal</a></i>. April 10, 1940.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lansing+State+Journal&rft.atitle=Pontiac+Mayor+Chosen&rft.date=1940-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Flansing-state-journal%2F127643639%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/petoskey-news-review/127643403/">"Pontiac Mayor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Petoskey_News-Review" title="Petoskey News-Review">Petoskey News-Review</a></i>. April 14, 1942 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Petoskey+News-Review&rft.atitle=Pontiac+Mayor&rft.date=1942-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fpetoskey-news-review%2F127643403%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer/127643181/">"Pontiac Mayor Dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek_Enquirer" title="Battle Creek Enquirer">Battle Creek Enquirer</a></i>. November 26, 1943 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Battle+Creek+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Pontiac+Mayor+Dies&rft.date=1943-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fbattle-creek-enquirer%2F127643181%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/127641889/">"Pontiac Picks New Mayor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i>. August 4, 1949.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Pontiac+Picks+New+Mayor&rft.date=1949-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press%2F127641889%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/127641643/">"Pontiac Faces Liquor Fight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i>. January 1, 1953 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Pontiac+Faces+Liquor+Fight&rft.date=1953-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press%2F127641643%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanson1969" class="citation news cs1">Hanson, Dave (February 21, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal/143113460/">"Cities to Share in Recreation Bond Funds, Says Milliken"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lansing_State_Journal" title="Lansing State Journal">Lansing State Journal</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lansing+State+Journal&rft.atitle=Cities+to+Share+in+Recreation+Bond+Funds%2C+Says+Milliken&rft.date=1969-02-21&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Flansing-state-journal%2F143113460%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowles1973" class="citation news cs1">Bowles, Billy (September 20, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/143111082/">"Ground is Broken for Pontiac Stadium"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_Free_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Detroit Free Press">The Detroit Free Press</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Ground+is+Broken+for+Pontiac+Stadium&rft.date=1973-09-20&rft.aulast=Bowles&rft.aufirst=Billy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press%2F143111082%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDiarmid_Jr.1997" class="citation news cs1">McDiarmid Jr. (October 30, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/127649558/">"Candidates off voter two views of same city"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Candidates+off+voter+two+views+of+same+city&rft.date=1997-10-30&rft.au=McDiarmid+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press%2F127649558%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansell1987" class="citation news cs1">Hansell, Betsey (January 1, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/143108263/">"Agenda 1987: Roads, economy top survey"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/143108263/">1A</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/143108588/">4A</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Agenda+1987%3A+Roads%2C+economy+top+survey&rft.pages=1A%2C+4A&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.aulast=Hansell&rft.aufirst=Betsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press%2F143108263%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrasier1993" class="citation news cs1">Brasier, L.L. (September 8, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/127647613/">"Long time Pontiac mayor faces 9 opponents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. <q>He has held the post since 1974 with the exception of four years in the 1980s when Walter Moore took the job from him</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Long+time+Pontiac+mayor+faces+9+opponents&rft.date=1993-09-08&rft.aulast=Brasier&rft.aufirst=L.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press%2F127647613%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDozier1994" class="citation news cs1">Dozier, Marian (January 11, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/127637260/">"Big challenges Face Legislator-turned-mayor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Big+challenges+Face+Legislator-turned-mayor&rft.date=1994-01-11&rft.aulast=Dozier&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press%2F127637260%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith2019" class="citation news cs1">Keith, Emma (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/oakland/2019/10/04/willie-payne-pontiac-mayor-author-obituary/3863939002/">"Willie Payne, former Pontiac mayor and children's book author, dies at 64"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Willie+Payne%2C+former+Pontiac+mayor+and+children%27s+book+author%2C+dies+at+64&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmichigan%2Foakland%2F2019%2F10%2F04%2Fwillie-payne-pontiac-mayor-author-obituary%2F3863939002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDiarmid_Jr.2001" class="citation news cs1">McDiarmid Jr., Hugh (November 7, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/127691040/">"Payne wins Pontiac squeaker"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Payne+wins+Pontiac+squeaker&rft.date=2001-11-07&rft.aulast=McDiarmid+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press%2F127691040%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillaber2010" class="citation news cs1">Dillaber, Diana (September 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theoaklandpress.com/2010/09/01/former-pontiac-mayor-clarence-phillips-dies/">"Former Pontiac Mayor Clarence Phillips dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oakland_Press" title="The Oakland Press">The Oakland Press</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oakland+Press&rft.atitle=Former+Pontiac+Mayor+Clarence+Phillips+dies&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.aulast=Dillaber&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoaklandpress.com%2F2010%2F09%2F01%2Fformer-pontiac-mayor-clarence-phillips-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pontiac.mi.us/council/council_members/index.php">"City Council of Pontiac Members"</a>. 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Haley Stevens reelected to another 2-year term in Congress, defeating Nick Somberg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=US+Rep.+Haley+Stevens+reelected+to+another+2-year+term+in+Congress%2C+defeating+Nick+Somberg&rft.date=2024-11-05&rft.aulast=Hendrickson&rft.aufirst=Clara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2024%2F11%2F05%2Fus-rep-haley-stevens-reelected%2F75807876007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.michigan.gov/download/i67p-mi6f/application%2Fpdf">"2022 Michigan State Senate Districts (Linden)"</a>. <i>Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michigan+Independent+Citizens+Redistricting+Commission&rft.atitle=2022+Michigan+State+Senate+Districts+%28Linden%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.michigan.gov%2Fdownload%2Fi67p-mi6f%2Fapplication%252Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://senate.michigan.gov/senators/senators/">"Senators"</a>. <i>Michigan Senate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michigan+Senate&rft.atitle=Senators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsenate.michigan.gov%2Fsenators%2Fsenators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.michigan.gov/download/fjje-2wv6/application%2Fpdf">"2022 Michigan State House Districts (Hickory)"</a>. <i>Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michigan+Independent+Citizens+Redistricting+Commission&rft.atitle=2022+Michigan+State+House+Districts+%28Hickory%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.michigan.gov%2Fdownload%2Ffjje-2wv6%2Fapplication%252Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freep.com/elections/results/2024-11-05/michigan/state-house">"2024 MI State House General Election Results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i>. 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Retrieved March 19, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Complexmap-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Complexmap_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oakgov.com/maps/Documents/occomplexmap.pdf">Complex Map</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710032719/https://www.oakgov.com/maps/Documents/occomplexmap.pdf">Archive</a>). Oakland County Government. Retrieved on July 9, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDIANA_DILLABER_MURRAYOf_The_Oakland_Press2008" class="citation web cs1">DIANA DILLABER MURRAYOf The Oakland Press (December 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoaklandpress.com/articles/2008/12/17/news/local_news/doc4948cde5991a8809807968.txt">"Pontiac Central to close?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oakland_Press" title="The Oakland Press">The Oakland Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oakland+Press&rft.atitle=Pontiac+Central+to+close%3F&rft.date=2008-12-17&rft.au=DIANA+DILLABER+MURRAYOf+The+Oakland+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoaklandpress.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F12%2F17%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fdoc4948cde5991a8809807968.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontiac%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618120237/http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20081217/pontiac-central-to-close">Archive</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smartbus.org/About/News/smart-flex">"SMART Flex"</a>. <i>SMART</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Template:Pontiac, Michigan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Template talk:Pontiac, Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pontiac, Michigan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pontiac,_Michigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pontiac, Michigan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education: primary<br />and secondary schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_District_of_the_City_of_Pontiac" title="School District of the City of Pontiac">SD of Pontiac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_High_School_(Michigan)" title="Pontiac High School (Michigan)">Pontiac HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Central_High_School" title="Pontiac Central High School">Pontiac Central HS</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Northern_High_School" title="Pontiac Northern High School">Pontiac Northern HS</a> (defunct)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Preparatory_School_and_Marist_Academy" title="Notre Dame Preparatory School and Marist Academy">Notre Dame Prep & Marist Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Academy_for_Excellence" title="Pontiac Academy for Excellence">Pontiac Academy for Excellence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crofoot" title="The Crofoot">The Crofoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Burnstein_Community_Health_Clinic" title="Gary Burnstein Community Health Clinic">Gary Burnstein Community Health Clinic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Transportation_Center" title="Pontiac Transportation Center">Pontiac Transportation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Mobility_Authority_for_Regional_Transportation" title="Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation">SMART</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Oakland_County,_Michigan,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Template:Oakland County, Michigan"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Template talk:Oakland County, Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oakland County, Michigan"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Oakland_County,_Michigan,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan"><span class="region">Oakland County, Michigan</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Pontiac</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkley,_Michigan" title="Berkley, Michigan">Berkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkston,_Michigan" title="Clarkston, Michigan">Clarkston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clawson,_Michigan" title="Clawson, Michigan">Clawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington,_Michigan" title="Farmington, Michigan">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenton,_Michigan" title="Fenton, Michigan">Fenton</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferndale,_Michigan" title="Ferndale, Michigan">Ferndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Park,_Michigan" title="Hazel Park, Michigan">Hazel Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Woods,_Michigan" title="Huntington Woods, Michigan">Huntington Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keego_Harbor,_Michigan" title="Keego Harbor, Michigan">Keego Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Angelus,_Michigan" title="Lake Angelus, Michigan">Lake Angelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lathrup_Village,_Michigan" title="Lathrup Village, Michigan">Lathrup Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Heights,_Michigan" title="Madison Heights, Michigan">Madison Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northville,_Michigan" title="Northville, Michigan">Northville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_Michigan" title="Oak Park, Michigan">Oak Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Lake_Village,_Michigan" title="Orchard Lake Village, Michigan">Orchard Lake Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Ridge,_Michigan" title="Pleasant Ridge, Michigan">Pleasant Ridge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Rochester Hills, Michigan">Rochester Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lyon,_Michigan" title="South Lyon, Michigan">South Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Lake,_Michigan" title="Sylvan Lake, Michigan">Sylvan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walled_Lake,_Michigan" title="Walled Lake, Michigan">Walled Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wixom,_Michigan" title="Wixom, Michigan">Wixom</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Michigan highlighting Oakland County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg/85px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg/128px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg/171px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1127" /></span><figcaption>Map of Michigan highlighting Oakland County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(United_States)" title="Village (United States)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Michigan" title="Beverly Hills, Michigan">Beverly Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bingham_Farms,_Michigan" title="Bingham Farms, Michigan">Bingham Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Michigan" title="Franklin, Michigan">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly,_Michigan" title="Holly, Michigan">Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Orion,_Michigan" title="Lake Orion, Michigan">Lake Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard,_Michigan" title="Leonard, Michigan">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_Michigan" title="Milford, Michigan">Milford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortonville,_Michigan" title="Ortonville, Michigan">Ortonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Michigan" title="Oxford, Michigan">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_Lake,_Michigan" title="Wolverine Lake, Michigan">Wolverine Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">Charter<br />townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Township,_Michigan" title="Brandon Township, Michigan">Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Highland Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Township,_Michigan" title="Independence Township, Michigan">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Lyon Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford_Township,_Michigan" title="Milford Township, Michigan">Milford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Oakland Charter Township, Michigan">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Township,_Michigan" title="Orion Township, Michigan">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Township,_Michigan" title="Oxford Township, Michigan">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Township,_Michigan" title="Pontiac Township, Michigan">Pontiac</a> <i>(defunct)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak Charter Township, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Springfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lake_Township,_Michigan" title="White Lake Township, Michigan">White Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Civil townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addison_Township,_Michigan" title="Addison Township, Michigan">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groveland_Township,_Michigan" title="Groveland Township, Michigan">Groveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Township,_Michigan" title="Holly Township, Michigan">Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Township,_Michigan" title="Novi Township, Michigan">Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Rose Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Southfield Township, Michigan">Southfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated <br /> communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andersonville,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Andersonville, Michigan">Andersonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Corners,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Corners, Michigan">Austin Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Gardens,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandon Gardens, Michigan">Brandon Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbells_Corner,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbells Corner, Michigan">Campbells Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Charing Cross, Michigan">Charing Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintonville,_Michigan" title="Clintonville, Michigan">Clintonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Clyde, Michigan">Clyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Commerce, Michigan">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davisburg,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Davisburg, Michigan">Davisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drayton_Plains,_Michigan" title="Drayton Plains, Michigan">Drayton Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Highland,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Highland, Michigan">East Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Lake,_Michigan" title="Elizabeth Lake, Michigan">Elizabeth Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Points,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Points, Oakland County, Michigan">Five Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Towns,_Michigan" title="Four Towns, Michigan">Four Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingellville,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingellville, Michigan">Gingellville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengary,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Glengary, Michigan">Glengary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodison,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodison, Michigan">Goodison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groveland_Corners,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Groveland Corners, Michigan">Groveland Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Ridge,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickory Ridge, Michigan">Hickory Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland, Michigan">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_Heights,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huron Heights, Michigan">Huron Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jossman_Acres,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jossman Acres, Michigan">Jossman Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Michigan" title="Kensington, Michigan">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Orion_Heights,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Orion Heights, Michigan">Lake Orion Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeville,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakeville, Michigan">Lakeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hudson,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hudson, Michigan">New Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Newark, Oakland County, Michigan">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Grove, Oakland County, Michigan">Oak Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakley_Park,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakley Park, Michigan">Oakley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakwood, Michigan">Oakwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxbow, Michigan">Oxbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Lake_Heights,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perry Lake Heights, Michigan">Perry Lake Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Center,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Center, Michigan">Rose Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Corners,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Corners, Michigan">Rose Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudds_Mill,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudds Mill, Michigan">Rudds Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Harbors,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Harbors, Michigan">Seven Harbors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield, Oakland County, Michigan">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas, Oakland County, Michigan">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Lake,_Michigan" title="Union Lake, Michigan">Union Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walters,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Walters, Michigan">Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterford, Michigan">Waterford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterstone,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterstone, Michigan">Waterstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Highland,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Highland, Michigan">West Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westacres,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Westacres, Michigan">Westacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lake,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="White Lake, Michigan">White Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Michigan (state)"><span>Michigan portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metro_Detroit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Detroit" title="Template:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Detroit" title="Template talk:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Detroit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metro_Detroit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Economy of metropolitan Detroit">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_and_freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit">Freeways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Detroit" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Detroit">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">International Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">Lake St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Detroit" title="Media in Detroit">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit" title="Music of Detroit">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Parks_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Template:Parks in metropolitan Detroit">Parks and beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Detroit" title="List of people from Detroit">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Detroit" title="Performing arts in Detroit"> Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Detroit" title="Sports in Detroit">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Transportation in metropolitan Detroit">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2,_2021-09-06_(big_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A satellite image of Metro Detroit, with Windsor across the river, taken on ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite in September 2021."><img alt="A satellite image of Metro Detroit, with Windsor across the river, taken on ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite in September 2021." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/100px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/150px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/200px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11192" data-file-height="11192" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities<br /><small> over 80,000</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan">Clinton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_Township,_Michigan" title="Macomb Township, Michigan">Macomb Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities<br /><small> 40,000 to 80,000</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Chesterfield Township, Michigan">Chesterfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Michigan" title="Lincoln Park, Michigan">Lincoln Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Rochester Hills, Michigan">Rochester Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseville,_Michigan" title="Roseville, Michigan">Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Charter Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural<br />enclaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downriver" title="Downriver">Downriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northville,_Michigan" title="Northville, Michigan">Northville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Michigan" title="Brighton, Michigan">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell,_Michigan" title="Howell, Michigan">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">MSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer_County,_Michigan" title="Lapeer County, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Michigan" title="Livingston County, Michigan">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Michigan" title="St. Clair County, Michigan">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties in <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_Michigan" title="Genesee County, Michigan">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenawee_County,_Michigan" title="Lenawee County, Michigan">Lenawee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Michigan" title="Monroe County, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Washtenaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Michigan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michigan_county_seats" title="Template:Michigan county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michigan_county_seats" title="Template talk:Michigan county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Michigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian,_Michigan" title="Adrian, Michigan">Adrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegan,_Michigan" title="Allegan, Michigan">Allegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpena,_Michigan" title="Alpena, Michigan">Alpena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Michigan" title="Atlanta, Michigan">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Axe,_Michigan" title="Bad Axe, Michigan">Bad Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin,_Michigan" title="Baldwin, Michigan">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Michigan" title="Bay City, Michigan">Bay City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellaire,_Michigan" title="Bellaire, Michigan">Bellaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessemer,_Michigan" title="Bessemer, Michigan">Bessemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah,_Michigan" title="Beulah, Michigan">Beulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Big Rapids, Michigan">Big Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac,_Michigan" title="Cadillac, Michigan">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro,_Michigan" title="Caro, Michigan">Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassopolis,_Michigan" title="Cassopolis, Michigan">Cassopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Michigan" title="Centreville, Michigan">Centreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlevoix,_Michigan" title="Charlevoix, Michigan">Charlevoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Michigan" title="Charlotte, Michigan">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheboygan,_Michigan" title="Cheboygan, Michigan">Cheboygan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldwater,_Michigan" title="Coldwater, Michigan">Coldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corunna,_Michigan" title="Corunna, Michigan">Corunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Falls,_Michigan" title="Crystal Falls, Michigan">Crystal Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_River,_Michigan" title="Eagle River, Michigan">Eagle River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escanaba,_Michigan" title="Escanaba, Michigan">Escanaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord,_Michigan" title="Gaylord, Michigan">Gaylord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladwin,_Michigan" title="Gladwin, Michigan">Gladwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Haven,_Michigan" title="Grand Haven, Michigan">Grand Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayling,_Michigan" title="Grayling, Michigan">Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison,_Michigan" title="Harrison, Michigan">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisville,_Michigan" title="Harrisville, Michigan">Harrisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart,_Michigan" title="Hart, Michigan">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_Michigan" title="Hastings, Michigan">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale,_Michigan" title="Hillsdale, Michigan">Hillsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan" title="Houghton, Michigan">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell,_Michigan" title="Howell, Michigan">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia,_Michigan" title="Ionia, Michigan">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan" title="Iron Mountain, Michigan">Iron Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_Michigan" title="Ithaca, Michigan">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">Kalamazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkaska,_Michigan" title="Kalkaska, Michigan">Kalkaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse,_Michigan" title="L'Anse, Michigan">L'Anse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_City,_Michigan" title="Lake City, Michigan">Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludington,_Michigan" title="Ludington, Michigan">Ludington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manistee,_Michigan" title="Manistee, Michigan">Manistee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manistique,_Michigan" title="Manistique, Michigan">Manistique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette,_Michigan" title="Marquette, Michigan">Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Michigan" title="Marshall, Michigan">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason,_Michigan" title="Mason, Michigan">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee,_Michigan" title="Menominee, Michigan">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Michigan" title="Midland, Michigan">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mio,_Michigan" title="Mio, Michigan">Mio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Clemens,_Michigan" title="Mount Clemens, Michigan">Mount Clemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Michigan" title="Mount Pleasant, Michigan">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munising,_Michigan" title="Munising, Michigan">Munising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_Michigan" title="Newberry, Michigan">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontonagon,_Michigan" title="Ontonagon, Michigan">Ontonagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paw_Paw,_Michigan" title="Paw Paw, Michigan">Paw Paw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petoskey,_Michigan" title="Petoskey, Michigan">Petoskey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_City,_Michigan" title="Reed City, Michigan">Reed City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_City,_Michigan" title="Rogers City, Michigan">Rogers City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscommon,_Michigan" title="Roscommon, Michigan">Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Michigan" title="Sandusky, Michigan">Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Michigan" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan">Sault Ste. Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ignace,_Michigan" title="St. Ignace, Michigan">St. Ignace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns,_Michigan" title="St. Johns, Michigan">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Michigan" title="St. Joseph, Michigan">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standish,_Michigan" title="Standish, Michigan">Standish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton,_Michigan" title="Stanton, Michigan">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suttons_Bay_Township,_Michigan" title="Suttons Bay Township, Michigan">Suttons Bay Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawas_City,_Michigan" title="Tawas City, Michigan">Tawas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">Traverse City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Branch,_Michigan" title="West Branch, Michigan">West Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Cloud,_Michigan" title="White Cloud, Michigan">White Cloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847596#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847596#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847596#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159459330">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmDjtFrBY3TmGxBvx6Yfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81106806">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555022205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7334b6c6-ff3c-4618-be25-e0111c8ad33e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&oldid=1256936206">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontiac,_Michigan&oldid=1256936206</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Category:Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac, Michigan</a></li><li><a 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