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<div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sorghum</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Sorghum" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Sorghum" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sorghum" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsɔːrɡəm/</a>) and also known as great millet,<a href="#cite_note-BSBI07-3">[3]</a> broomcorn,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> guinea corn,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> durra,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> imphee,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> jowar,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> or milo,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> is a species in the <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grass</a> genus <a href="/wiki/Sorghum_(genus)" title="Sorghum (genus)">Sorghum</a> cultivated for its <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grain</a>. The grain is used for food for humans; the plant is used for animal feed and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Sorghum </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_bicolor03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Sorghum_bicolor03.jpg/220px-Sorghum_bicolor03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Sorghum_bicolor03.jpg/330px-Sorghum_bicolor03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Sorghum_bicolor03.jpg/440px-Sorghum_bicolor03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1258" data-file-height="1677"></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Sorghum" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panicoideae" title="Panicoideae">Panicoideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorghum_(genus)" title="Sorghum (genus)">Sorghum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">S. bicolor</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Sorghum bicolor <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Moench" title="Conrad Moench">Moench</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"> <ul><li>Agrostis nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir.</li> <li>Andropogon besseri Kunth</li> <li>Andropogon bicolor (L.) Roxb.</li> <li>Andropogon caffrorum (Thunb.) Kunth</li> <li>Andropogon compactus Brot.</li> <li>Andropogon dulcis Burm.f.</li> <li>Andropogon niger (Ard.) Kunth</li> <li>Andropogon saccharatrus Kunth</li> <li>Andropogon saccharatus (L.) Raspail</li> <li>Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot.</li> <li>Andropogon subglabrescens Steud.</li> <li>Andropogon truchmenorum Walp.</li> <li>Andropogon usorum Steud.</li> <li>Andropogon vulgare (Pers.) Balansa</li> <li>Andropogon vulgaris Raspail</li> <li>Holcus arduinii J.F.Gmel.</li> <li>Holcus bicolor L.</li> <li>Holcus cafer Ard.</li> <li>Holcus caffrorum (Retz.) Thunb.</li> <li>Holcus cernuus Ard.</li> <li>Holcus cernuus Muhl. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Holcus cernuus Willd. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Holcus compactus Lam.</li> <li>Holcus dochna Forssk.</li> <li>Holcus dora Mieg</li> <li>Holcus duna J.F.Gmel.</li> <li>Holcus durra Forssk.</li> <li>Holcus niger Ard.</li> <li>Holcus nigerrimus Ard.</li> <li>Holcus rubens Gaertn.</li> <li>Holcus saccharatus var. technicus (Körn.) Farw.</li> <li>Holcus sorghum L.</li> <li>Holcus sorghum Brot. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Milium bicolor (L.) Cav.</li> <li>Milium compactum (Lam.) Cav.</li> <li>Milium maximum Cav.</li> <li>Milium nigricans Ruiz & Pav.</li> <li>Milium sorghum (L.) Cav.</li> <li>Panicum caffrorum Retz.</li> <li>Panicum frumentaceum Salisb. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Rhaphis sorghum (L.) Roberty</li> <li>Sorghum abyssinicum (Hack.) Chiov. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Sorghum ankolib (Hack.) Stapf</li> <li>Sorghum anomalum Desv.</li> <li>Sorghum arduinii (Gmel.) J.Jacq.</li> <li>Sorghum basiplicatum Chiov.</li> <li>Sorghum basutorum Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum caffrorum (Retz.) P.Beauv.</li> <li>Sorghum campanum Ten. & Guss.</li> <li>Sorghum caudatum (Hack.) Stapf</li> <li>Sorghum centroplicatum Chiov.</li> <li>Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host</li> <li>Sorghum compactum Lag.</li> <li>Sorghum conspicuum Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum coriaceum Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum dora (Mieg) Cuoco</li> <li>Sorghum dulcicaule Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum dura Griseb.</li> <li>Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Batt. & Trab.</li> <li>Sorghum elegans (Körn.) Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum eplicatum Chiov.</li> <li>Sorghum exsertum Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum gambicum Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum giganteum Edgew.</li> <li>Sorghum glabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch.</li> <li>Sorghum glycychylum Pass.</li> <li>Sorghum guineense Stapf</li> <li>Sorghum japonicum (Hack.) Roshev.</li> <li>Sorghum margaritiferum Stapf</li> <li>Sorghum medioplicatum Chiov.</li> <li>Sorghum melaleucum Stapf</li> <li>Sorghum melanocarpum Huber</li> <li>Sorghum mellitum Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum membranaceum Chiov.</li> <li>Sorghum miliiforme (Hack.) Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum nankinense Huber</li> <li>Sorghum nervosum Besser ex Schult. & Schult.f.</li> <li>Sorghum nervosum Chiov. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Sorghum nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum nigrum (Ard.) Roem. & Schult.</li> <li>Sorghum notabile Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum pallidum Chiov. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Sorghum papyrascens Stapf</li> <li>Sorghum rigidum Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum rollii Chiov.</li> <li>Sorghum roxburghii var. hians (Hook.f.) Stapf</li> <li>Sorghum saccharatum Host nom. illeg.</li> <li>Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Pers. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Sorghum sativum (Hack.) Batt. & Trab.</li> <li>Sorghum schimperi (Hack.) Chiov. nom. illeg.</li> <li>Sorghum simulans Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum splendidum (Hack.) Snowden</li> <li>Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch.</li> <li>Sorghum tataricum Huber</li> <li>Sorghum technicum (Körn.) Batt. & Trab.</li> <li>Sorghum technicum (Körn.) Roshev.</li> <li>Sorghum truchmenorum K.Koch</li> <li>Sorghum usorum Nees</li> <li>Sorghum vulgare Pers. nom. illeg.</li></ul> </div> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereal</a> crop after <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Sorghum is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over 4 metres (13 ft) high. The grain is small, 2 to 4 millimetres (0.08 to 0.2 in) in diameter. <a href="/wiki/Sweet_sorghum" title="Sweet sorghum">Sweet sorghums</a> are cultivars primarily grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol; they are taller than those grown for grain. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description">1 Description</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Evolution">2 Evolution</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Phylogeny">2.1 Phylogeny</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#History">3 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Domestication">3.1 Domestication</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Spread">3.2 Spread</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Cultivation">4 Cultivation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Agronomy">4.1 Agronomy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Pests_and_diseases">4.2 Pests and diseases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Genetics_and_genomics">4.3 Genetics and genomics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Production">5 Production</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#International_trade">5.1 International trade</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Nutrition">6 Nutrition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Use">7 Use</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#In_human_culture">8 In human culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sorghum_(genus)" title="Sorghum (genus)">Sorghum (genus)</a></div> Sorghum is a large stout grass that grows up to 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) tall. It has large bushy flowerheads or <a href="/wiki/Panicle" title="Panicle">panicles</a> that provide an edible starchy grain with up to 3,000 seeds in each flowerhead. It grows in warm climates worldwide for food and forage.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Sorghum is native to Africa with many cultivated forms.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Most production uses annual cultivars, but some wild species of Sorghum are perennial, which may enable <a href="/wiki/The_Land_Institute" title="The Land Institute">the Land Institute</a> to develop a perennial cultivar for "repeated, sufficient grain harvests without resowing."<a href="#cite_note-Land_Institute-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles,_ou,_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_(10559146133)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Botanical illustration"><noscript><img alt="Botanical illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles%2C_ou%2C_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_%2810559146133%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/111px-Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles%2C_ou%2C_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_%2810559146133%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="1682"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 111px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles%2C_ou%2C_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_%2810559146133%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/111px-Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles%2C_ou%2C_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_%2810559146133%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Botanical illustration" data-width="111" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles%2C_ou%2C_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_%2810559146133%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/167px-Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles%2C_ou%2C_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_%2810559146133%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles%2C_ou%2C_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_%2810559146133%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/222px-Flore_m%C3%A9dicale_des_Antilles%2C_ou%2C_Trait%C3%A9_des_plantes_usuelles_%2810559146133%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Botanical illustration</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_bicolor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Maturing crop, Germany"><noscript><img alt="Maturing crop, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sorghum_bicolor.JPG/135px-Sorghum_bicolor.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 135px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sorghum_bicolor.JPG/135px-Sorghum_bicolor.JPG" data-alt="Maturing crop, Germany" data-width="135" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sorghum_bicolor.JPG/202px-Sorghum_bicolor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sorghum_bicolor.JPG/270px-Sorghum_bicolor.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maturing crop, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80,_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar,_Aatpadi_(Sorghum_bicolor).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ripe panicle, India"><noscript><img alt="Ripe panicle, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar%2C_Aatpadi_%28Sorghum_bicolor%29.jpg/180px-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar%2C_Aatpadi_%28Sorghum_bicolor%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar%2C_Aatpadi_%28Sorghum_bicolor%29.jpg/180px-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar%2C_Aatpadi_%28Sorghum_bicolor%29.jpg" data-alt="Ripe panicle, India" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar%2C_Aatpadi_%28Sorghum_bicolor%29.jpg/270px-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar%2C_Aatpadi_%28Sorghum_bicolor%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar%2C_Aatpadi_%28Sorghum_bicolor%29.jpg/360px-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_Dagadi_Jowar%2C_Aatpadi_%28Sorghum_bicolor%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ripe <a href="/wiki/Panicle" title="Panicle">panicle</a>, India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_bicolor_(s._lat.)_p._p._sl32.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Branch of panicle with spikelets"><noscript><img alt="Grains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sorghum_bicolor_%28s._lat.%29_p._p._sl32.jpg/180px-Sorghum_bicolor_%28s._lat.%29_p._p._sl32.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3778" data-file-height="2959"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sorghum_bicolor_%28s._lat.%29_p._p._sl32.jpg/180px-Sorghum_bicolor_%28s._lat.%29_p._p._sl32.jpg" data-alt="Grains" data-width="180" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sorghum_bicolor_%28s._lat.%29_p._p._sl32.jpg/270px-Sorghum_bicolor_%28s._lat.%29_p._p._sl32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sorghum_bicolor_%28s._lat.%29_p._p._sl32.jpg/360px-Sorghum_bicolor_%28s._lat.%29_p._p._sl32.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Branch of panicle with <a href="/wiki/Spikelet" title="Spikelet">spikelets</a></div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phylogeny" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Sorghum is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millets</a> within the <a href="/wiki/PACMAD_clade" title="PACMAD clade">PACMAD clade</a> of grasses, and more distantly to the <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/BOP_clade" title="BOP clade">BOP clade</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Escobar_Scornavacca_Cenci_Guilhaumon_2011-18">[18]</a> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">(Part of <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/BOP_clade" title="BOP clade">BOP clade</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Bambusoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</a> (bamboos) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Pooideae" title="Pooideae">Pooideae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">other grasses </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> (<a href="/wiki/Fescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Fescue">fescue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryegrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryegrass">ryegrass</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> <a href="/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae">Triticeae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Hordeum" title="Hordeum">Hordeum</a> (barley) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Triticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Triticum">Triticum</a> (wheat) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Secale" title="Secale">Secale</a> (rye) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Oryza" title="Oryza">Oryza</a> (rice) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/PACMAD_clade" title="PACMAD clade">PACMAD clade</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Pennisetum" title="Pennisetum">Pennisetum</a> (fountaingrasses, <a href="/wiki/Pearl_millet" title="Pearl millet">pearl millet</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">Millets</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Sorghum (sorghum) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Zea_(plant)" title="Zea (plant)">Zea</a> (maize) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestication">Domestication</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Domestication" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestication of plants">Domestication of plants</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio,_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio%2C_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg/220px-Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio%2C_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6600" data-file-height="4268"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio%2C_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg/220px-Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio%2C_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio%2C_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg/330px-Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio%2C_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio%2C_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg/440px-Piece_of_sorghum_bread_contained_in_basket_S_-_Museo_Egizio%2C_Turin_S_285_p09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Piece of sorghum bread contained in basket, <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Predynastic Egypt">Predynastic Egypt</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3100 BC (5,100 years ago). <a href="/wiki/Museo_Egizio" title="Museo Egizio">Egyptian Museum, Turin</a><a href="#cite_note-Museo_Egizio-19">[19]</a></figcaption></figure> S. bicolor was <a href="/wiki/Domesticated" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated">domesticated</a> from its wild ancestor more than 5,000 years ago in Eastern <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> in the area of the Rivers <a href="/wiki/Atbarah_River" title="Atbarah River">Atbara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gash_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Gash River">Gash</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fuller_Stevens_2018-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> It has been found at an archaeological site near <a href="/wiki/Kassala" title="Kassala">Kassala</a> in eastern Sudan, dating from 3500 to 3000 BC, and is associated with the neolithic <a href="/wiki/Butana_Group" title="Butana Group">Butana Group</a> culture.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Sorghum bread from graves in <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Predynastic Egypt">Predynastic Egypt</a>, some 5,100 years ago, is displayed in the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Egizio" title="Museo Egizio">Egyptian Museum, Turin</a>, Italy.<a href="#cite_note-Museo_Egizio-19">[19]</a> The first race to be domesticated was bicolor; it had tight husks that had to be removed forcibly. Around 4,000 years ago, this spread to the Indian subcontinent; around 3,000 years ago it reached West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Fuller_Stevens_2018-20">[20]</a> Four other races evolved through cultivation to have larger grains and to become free-threshing, making harvests easier and more productive. These were caudatum in the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>; durra, most likely in India; guinea in West Africa (later reaching India), and from that race mageritiferum that gave rise to the varieties of Southern Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Fuller_Stevens_2018-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg/330px-Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="289" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="869"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 289px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg/330px-Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg.png" data-width="330" data-height="289" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg/495px-Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg/660px-Domestication_and_races_of_Sorghum.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Domestication and the five major races of sorghum<a href="#cite_note-Fuller_Stevens_2018-20">[20]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spread">Spread</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spread" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif/lossy-page1-220px-%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2137"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif/lossy-page1-220px-%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif/lossy-page1-330px-%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif/lossy-page1-440px-%22Another_view_of_the_making_of_sorghum_molasses_on_the_Fred_Hatmaker_farm_in_the_Norris_Dam_reservoir_area.%22_-_NARA_-_532657.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Making sweet sorghum <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a> in rural <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, 1933</figcaption></figure> In the Middle Ages, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Agricultural_Revolution" title="Arab Agricultural Revolution">Arab Agricultural Revolution</a> spread sorghum and other crops from Africa and Asia across the Arab world as far as <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Watson_1974-23">[23]</a> Sorghum remained the staple food of the medieval kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Alodia" title="Alodia">Alodia</a> and most Sub-Saharan cultures prior to European colonialism.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Tall varieties of sorghum with a high sugar content are called sweet sorghum; these are useful for producing a sugar-rich syrup and as forage.<a href="#cite_note-FAO-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Sweet sorghum was important to the <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> trade in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The price of sugar was rising because of decreased production in the British <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> and more demand for <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">fruit preserves</a>, and the United States was actively searching for a sugar plant that could be produced in northern states. The "Chinese sugar-cane", sweet sorghum, was viewed as a plant that would be productive in the West Indies.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The name sorghum derives from Italian sorgo, which in turn most likely comes from 12th century <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> surgum or suricum. This in turn may be from Latin syricum, meaning "[grass] of Syria".<a href="#cite_note-Online_Etym-29">[29]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultivation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agronomy">Agronomy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Agronomy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Most varieties of sorghum are <a href="/wiki/Xerophyte" title="Xerophyte">drought</a>- and heat-tolerant, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_cycle" title="Nitrogen cycle">nitrogen</a>-efficient,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and are grown particularly in <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">arid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a> regions where the grain is one of the <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staples</a> for poor and rural people. These varieties provide <a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">forage</a> in many tropical regions. S. bicolor is a <a href="/wiki/Food_crop" class="mw-redirect" title="Food crop">food crop</a> in Africa, <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, and is the fifth most common cereal crop grown in the world.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> It is most often grown without application of fertilizers or other inputs by small-holder farmers in developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-fao1-33">[33]</a> They benefit from sorghum's ability to compete effectively with weeds, especially when it is planted in narrow rows. Sorghum <a href="/wiki/Allelopathy" title="Allelopathy">actively suppresses weeds</a> by producing sorgoleone, an <a href="/wiki/Alkylresorcinols" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkylresorcinols">alkylresorcinol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Sorghum grows in a wide range of temperatures. It can tolerate high altitude and toxic soils, and can recover growth after some drought.<a href="#cite_note-FAO-25">[25]</a> Optimum growth temperature range is 12–34 °C (54–93 °F), and the growing season lasts for around 115–140 days.<a href="#cite_note-GRDC_Grownotes-35">[35]</a> It can grow on a wide range of soils, such as heavy clay to sandy soils with the pH tolerance ranging from 5.0 to 8.5.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-36">[36]</a> It requires an arable field that has been left fallow for at least two years or where <a href="/wiki/Crop_rotation" title="Crop rotation">crop rotation</a> with legumes has taken place in the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-Sorghum_Handbook-37">[37]</a> Diversified 2- or 4-year crop rotation can improve sorghum yield, additionally making it more resilient to inconsistent growth conditions.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In terms of nutrient requirements, sorghum is comparable to other cereal grain crops with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for growth.<a href="#cite_note-Rooney-39">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Crops_Research_Institute_for_the_Semi-Arid_Tropics" title="International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics">International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics</a> has improved sorghum using traditional genetic improvement and integrated genetic and natural resources management practices.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Some 194 improved cultivars are now planted worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, increases in sorghum productivity resulting from improved cultivars have freed up 7 million hectares (17 million acres) of land, enabling farmers to diversify into high-income cash crops and boost their livelihoods.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Sorghum is used primarily as poultry feed, and secondarily as cattle feed and in brewing applications.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sorghum harvest at the shore of Lake Hayq, Ethiopia, 2012"><noscript><img alt="Sorghum harvest at the shore of Lake Hayq, Ethiopia, 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg/180px-Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg/180px-Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg" data-alt="Sorghum harvest at the shore of Lake Hayq, Ethiopia, 2012" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg/270px-Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg/360px-Sorghum_harvest_at_the_shore_of_Lake_Hayq_Ethiopia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sorghum harvest at the shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Hayq" title="Lake Hayq">Lake Hayq</a>, Ethiopia, 2012</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_Harvest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harvesting sorghum in Oklahoma, USA, with a combine harvester"><noscript><img alt="Harvesting sorghum in Oklahoma, USA, with a combine harvester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sorghum_Harvest.jpg/180px-Sorghum_Harvest.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sorghum_Harvest.jpg/180px-Sorghum_Harvest.jpg" data-alt="Harvesting sorghum in Oklahoma, USA, with a combine harvester" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sorghum_Harvest.jpg/270px-Sorghum_Harvest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sorghum_Harvest.jpg/360px-Sorghum_Harvest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harvesting sorghum in Oklahoma, USA, with a combine harvester</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drying sorghum in the open air, Uganda, 2020"><noscript><img alt="Drying sorghum in the open air, Uganda, 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg/180px-Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg/180px-Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg" data-alt="Drying sorghum in the open air, Uganda, 2020" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg/270px-Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg/360px-Sun_drying_Sorghum_in_Rhino_Camp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drying sorghum in the open air, Uganda, 2020</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Women drying sorghum seeds by tossing them in trays, 2022"><noscript><img alt="Women drying sorghum seeds by tossing them in trays, 2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png/180px-Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 101px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png/180px-Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png" data-alt="Women drying sorghum seeds by tossing them in trays, 2022" data-width="180" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png/270px-Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png/360px-Women_fanning_Sorghum_seeds.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Women drying sorghum seeds by tossing them in trays, 2022</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pests_and_diseases">Pests and diseases</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pests and diseases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sorghum_diseases" title="List of sorghum diseases">List of sorghum diseases</a></div> Insect damage is a major threat to sorghum plants. Over 150 species damage crop plants at different stages of development, resulting in significant biomass loss.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Stored sorghum grain is attacked by other insect pests such as the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_grain_borer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser grain borer">lesser grain borer</a> beetle.<a href="#cite_note-Edde_2012-45">[45]</a> Sorghum is a host of the parasitic plant <a href="/wiki/Striga_hermonthica" title="Striga hermonthica">Striga hermonthica</a>, purple witchweed; that can reduce production.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Sorghum is subject to a variety of <a href="/wiki/Plant_pathogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant pathogen">plant pathogens</a>. The fungus <a href="/wiki/Colletotrichum_sublineolum" title="Colletotrichum sublineolum">Colletotrichum sublineolum</a> causes <a href="/wiki/Anthracnose" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthracnose">anthracnose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ero_Hirpa_Seid_2018-47">[47]</a> The toxic <a href="/wiki/Ergot" title="Ergot">ergot</a> fungus parasitises the grain, risking harm to humans and livestock.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Sorghum produces <a href="/wiki/Chitinase" title="Chitinase">chitinases</a> as <a href="/wiki/Plant_disease_resistance" title="Plant disease resistance">defensive compounds</a> against <a href="/wiki/Fungal_diseases_of_sorghum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungal diseases of sorghum">fungal diseases</a>. <a href="/wiki/Transgenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgenesis">Transgenesis</a> of additional <a href="/wiki/Chitinase" title="Chitinase">chitinases</a> increases the crop's disease resistance.<a href="#cite_note-Waniska_Venkatesha_Chandrashekar_Krishnaveni_2001-49">[49]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The lesser grain borer is a serious pest of sorghum."><noscript><img alt="The lesser grain borer is a serious pest of sorghum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg/180px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="749"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg/180px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg" data-alt="The lesser grain borer is a serious pest of sorghum." data-width="180" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg/270px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg/360px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_10792_Rhyzopertha_dominica_Lesser_Grain_Borer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Lesser_grain_borer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser grain borer">lesser grain borer</a> is a serious pest of sorghum.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Acervuli of Colletotrichum sublineolum, the cause of anthracnose, on sweet sorghum"><noscript><img alt="Acervuli of Colletotrichum sublineolum, the cause of anthracnose, on sweet sorghum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg/180px-Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg/180px-Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg" data-alt="Acervuli of Colletotrichum sublineolum, the cause of anthracnose, on sweet sorghum" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg/270px-Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg/360px-Acervuli_of_Colletotrichum_sublineolum_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Acervuli of <a href="/wiki/Colletotrichum_sublineolum" title="Colletotrichum sublineolum">Colletotrichum sublineolum</a>, the cause of <a href="/wiki/Anthracnose" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthracnose">anthracnose</a>, on sweet sorghum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sorghum leaves showing anthracnose damage"><noscript><img alt="Sorghum leaves showing anthracnose damage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg/180px-Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg/180px-Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg" data-alt="Sorghum leaves showing anthracnose damage" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg/270px-Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg/360px-Anthracnose_on_Sweet_sorghum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sorghum leaves showing anthracnose damage</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetics_and_genomics">Genetics and genomics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Genetics and genomics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The genome of S. bicolor was sequenced between 2005 and 2007.<a href="#cite_note-nature-genome-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> It is generally considered diploid and contains 20 chromosomes,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> however, there is evidence to suggest a tetraploid origin for S. bicolor.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The genome size is approximately 800 Mbp.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Paterson et al., 2009 provides a <a href="/wiki/Genome_assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Genome assembly">genome assembly</a> of 739 <a href="/wiki/Megabase" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabase">megabase</a>. The most commonly used genome database is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>SorGSD maintained by Luo et al., 2016. A gene expression atlas is available from Shakoor et al., 2014 with 27,577 <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a>. For <a href="/wiki/Molecular_breeding" title="Molecular breeding">molecular breeding</a> (or other purposes) an <a href="/wiki/SNP_array" title="SNP array">SNP array</a> has been created by Bekele et al., 2013, a 3K SNP Infinium from <a href="/wiki/Illumina,_Inc." title="Illumina, Inc.">Illumina, Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-Varshney_Bohra_Yu_Graner_2021-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agrobacterium_transformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrobacterium transformation">Agrobacterium transformation</a> can be used on sorghum, as shown in a 2018 report of such a transformation system.<a href="#cite_note-Guo_Ye_Gao_Xu_2019-56">[56]</a> A 2013 study developed and validated an <a href="/wiki/SNP_array" title="SNP array">SNP array</a> for <a href="/wiki/Molecular_breeding" title="Molecular breeding">molecular breeding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Varshney_Bohra_Yu_Graner_2021-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bekele_Wieckhorst_Friedt_Snowdon_2013-57">[57]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Production" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:14em; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Sorghum production – 2021 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:75%;">Country </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:25%;">(Millions of <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>11.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td>4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>3.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>World</td> <td>61.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Source: <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a> of the United Nations<a href="#cite_note-faostat-58">[58]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2021, world production of sorghum was 61 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by the United States with 19% of the total (table). India, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, and Mexico were the largest secondary producers.<a href="#cite_note-faostat-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf/page1-330px-2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf/page1-330px-2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf.jpg" data-width="330" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf/page1-495px-2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf/page1-660px-2019_Sorghum_map_US.pdf.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Sorghum-growing areas of the US, the world's largest producer</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_trade">International trade</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International trade" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> began purchasing American sorghum as a complementary livestock feed to its domestically grown maize. It imported around $1 billion worth per year until April 2018, when it imposed retaliatory <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war_(2018%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="China–United States trade war (2018–present)">a trade war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> By 2020, the tariffs had been waived, and trade volumes increased <a href="#cite_note-usda-60">[60]</a> before declining again as China began buying sorghum from other countries.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> As of 2020, China is the world's largest sorghum importer, importing more than all other countries combined.<a href="#cite_note-usda-60">[60]</a> Mexico is also accounts for 7% of global sorghum production.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nutrition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Sorghum grain</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,380 kJ (330 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">72.1 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.53 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">6.7 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">3.46 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.61 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.13 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.56 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">10.6 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value">%DV</abbr>†</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B1)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">28%</div> 0.332 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B2)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.096 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B3)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">23%</div> 3.69 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B5)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.367 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B6</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">26%</div> 0.443 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B9)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 20 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.5 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value">%DV</abbr>†</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 13 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">Copper</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">32%</div> 0.284 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">19%</div> 3.36 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">39%</div> 165 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">70%</div> 1.6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">23%</div> 289 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 363 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium_in_biology" title="Selenium in biology">Selenium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">22%</div> 12.2 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 1.67 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Other constituents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">12.4 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169716/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em">†Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-63">[63]</a> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-64">[64]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The grain is edible and nutritious. It can be eaten raw when young and milky, but has to be boiled or <a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">ground</a> into <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a> when mature.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Sorghum grain is 72% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> including 7% dietary fiber, 11% protein, 3% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>, and 12% water (table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), sorghum grain supplies 79 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> and rich contents (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of several B vitamins and dietary minerals (table).<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In the early stages of plant growth, some sorghum species may contain levels of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">hydrogen cyanide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hordenine" title="Hordenine">hordenine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">nitrates</a> lethal to grazing animals.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Plants stressed by drought or heat can also contain toxic levels of cyanide and nitrates at later stages in growth.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Use" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Sorghum is widely used for food and animal fodder. It is also used to make <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverages</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuels</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12">[12]</a> It can be made into <a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">couscous</a>, porridge, or flatbreads such as Indian <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jōḷada roṭṭi">Jōḷada roṭṭi</a> or tortillas; and it can be burst in hot oil to make a <a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a>, smaller than that of maize. Since it does not contain gluten, it can be used in <a href="/wiki/Gluten-free_diet" title="Gluten-free diet">gluten-free diets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Saner_2021-69">[69]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, the pulverized red leaf-sheaths of sorghum have been used to dye leather, while in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, sorghum has been used to dye wool.<a href="#cite_note-Dye-70">[70]</a> In South Africa, characteristically sour <a href="/wiki/Millet_beer" title="Millet beer">malwa beer</a> is made from sorghum or millet. The process involves souring the <a href="/wiki/Mashing" title="Mashing">mashed grain</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid_bacteria" title="Lactic acid bacteria">lactic acid bacteria</a>, followed by fermenting by the <a href="/wiki/Wild_yeast_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild yeast (wine)">wild yeasts</a> that were on the grain.<a href="#cite_note-Van_Der_Walt_1956-71">[71]</a> In China and Taiwan, sorghum is one of the main materials of <a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>, a type of the colourless distilled alcoholic drink <a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In countries including the US, the stalks of <a href="/wiki/Sweet_sorghum" title="Sweet sorghum">sweet sorghum</a> varieties are crushed in a cane juicer to extract the sweet <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a>-like juice. The juice is sold as syrup,<a href="#cite_note-NPR1-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> and used as a <a href="/wiki/Feedstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedstock">feedstock</a> to make biofuel.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In India, the panicle stalks are used as bristles for <a href="/wiki/Broom" title="Broom">brooms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sorghum beer, Omalovu giilya, fermenting in gourds, Namibia"><noscript><img alt="Sorghum beer, Omalovu giilya, fermenting in gourds, Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg/95px-Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="602"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg/95px-Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg" data-alt="Sorghum beer, Omalovu giilya, fermenting in gourds, Namibia" data-width="95" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg/143px-Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg/190px-Sorghum_beer_or_Omalovu_giilya.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kaffir_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaffir beer">Sorghum beer</a>, Omalovu giilya, fermenting in <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourds</a>, Namibia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaoliang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bottle of Kaoliang liquor"><noscript><img alt="A bottle of Kaoliang liquor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kaoliang.jpg/47px-Kaoliang.jpg" decoding="async" width="47" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="2343"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 47px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kaoliang.jpg/47px-Kaoliang.jpg" data-alt="A bottle of Kaoliang liquor" data-width="47" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kaoliang.jpg/71px-Kaoliang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kaoliang.jpg/95px-Kaoliang.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bottle of <a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A horse-driven sorghum cane juicer at work in North Carolina"><noscript><img alt="A horse-driven sorghum cane juicer at work in North Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg/95px-Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg/95px-Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg" data-alt="A horse-driven sorghum cane juicer at work in North Carolina" data-width="95" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg/143px-Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg/190px-Sorghum_cane_juicer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A horse-driven sorghum cane juicer at work in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_jar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A jar of sweet sorghum syrup"><noscript><img alt="A jar of sweet sorghum syrup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sorghum_jar.jpg/95px-Sorghum_jar.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="296"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sorghum_jar.jpg/95px-Sorghum_jar.jpg" data-alt="A jar of sweet sorghum syrup" data-width="95" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sorghum_jar.jpg/143px-Sorghum_jar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sorghum_jar.jpg/190px-Sorghum_jar.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A jar of <a href="/wiki/Sweet_sorghum" title="Sweet sorghum">sweet sorghum</a> syrup</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooms made of panicle stalks"><noscript><img alt="Brooms made of panicle stalks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_%28cropped%29.png/95px-Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="440"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 108px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_%28cropped%29.png/95px-Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_%28cropped%29.png" data-alt="Brooms made of panicle stalks" data-width="95" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_%28cropped%29.png/143px-Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_%28cropped%29.png/190px-Simple_turkey_tail_brooms_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brooms made of panicle stalks</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sorghum dough in a gourd bowl of the Didinga people of South Sudan"><noscript><img alt="Sorghum dough in a gourd bowl of the Didinga people of South Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg/155px-Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 116px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg/155px-Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg" data-alt="Sorghum dough in a gourd bowl of the Didinga people of South Sudan" data-width="155" data-height="116" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg/233px-Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg/310px-Sorghum_food_in_locally_made_plate.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sorghum dough in a <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourd</a> bowl of the <a href="/wiki/Didinga_people" title="Didinga people">Didinga people</a> of South Sudan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jōḷada roṭṭi flatbread, Karnataka, India"><noscript><img alt="Jōḷada roṭṭi flatbread, Karnataka, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg/128px-%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1405"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 128px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg/128px-%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg" data-alt="Jōḷada roṭṭi flatbread, Karnataka, India" data-width="128" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg/193px-%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg/257px-%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7ada_ro%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jōḷada roṭṭi">Jōḷada roṭṭi</a> flatbread, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maize popcorn and popped sorghum"><noscript><img alt="Maize popcorn and popped sorghum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg/155px-Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="94" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3566" data-file-height="2165"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 94px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg/155px-Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg" data-alt="Maize popcorn and popped sorghum" data-width="155" data-height="94" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg/233px-Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg/310px-Popcorn_and_pop_sorghum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maize <a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a> and popped sorghum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorghum_forage_(kadba).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sorghum forage, Maharashtra, India"><noscript><img alt="Sorghum forage, Maharashtra, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sorghum_forage_%28kadba%29.jpg/155px-Sorghum_forage_%28kadba%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 116px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sorghum_forage_%28kadba%29.jpg/155px-Sorghum_forage_%28kadba%29.jpg" data-alt="Sorghum forage, Maharashtra, India" data-width="155" data-height="116" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sorghum_forage_%28kadba%29.jpg/233px-Sorghum_forage_%28kadba%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sorghum_forage_%28kadba%29.jpg/310px-Sorghum_forage_%28kadba%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sorghum <a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">forage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, India</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="In_human_culture">In human culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In human culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> In Australia, sorghum is personified as a spirit among the <a href="/wiki/Dagoman" title="Dagoman">Dagoman</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, as well as being used for food; the local species are <a href="/wiki/Sorghum_intrans" title="Sorghum intrans">S. intrans</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum_plumosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorghum plumosum (page does not exist)">S. plumosum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In Korea, the origin tale "<a href="/wiki/Brother_and_sister_who_became_the_Sun_and_Moon" title="Brother and sister who became the Sun and Moon">Brother and sister who became the Sun and Moon</a>" is also called "The reason sorghum is red".<a href="#cite_note-EKC-80">[80]</a> In the tale, a tiger who is chasing a brother and sister follows them up a rotten rope as they climb into the sky, and become the sun and moon. The rope breaks, and the tiger falls to its death, impaling itself on a sorghum stalk, which becomes red with its blood.<a href="#cite_note-EKFC-81">[81]</a> In Northeastern Italy in the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>, sticks of sorghum were used by <a href="/wiki/Benandanti" title="Benandanti">Benandanti</a> visionaries of the <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a> district to fight off witches who were thought to threaten crops and people.<a href="#cite_note-Klaniczay_1990-82">[82]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-Deoxyanthocyanidin" title="3-Deoxyanthocyanidin">3-Deoxyanthocyanidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apigeninidin" title="Apigeninidin">Apigeninidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_antioxidants_in_food" title="List of antioxidants in food">List of antioxidants in food</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 30 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%ED%95%B4%EC%99%80+%EB%8B%AC%EC%9D%B4+%EB%90%9C+%EC%98%A4%EB%88%84%EC%9D%B4&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.place=%EC%84%B1%EB%82%A8&rft.pub=Academy+of+Korean+Studies&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=%EC%B5%9C&rft.aufirst=%EC%9D%B8%ED%95%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FItem%2FE0062663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASorghum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EKFC-81"><a href="#cite_ref-EKFC_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF조1996" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">조, 현설 (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/6006">"해와 달이 된 오누이"</a>. 한국민속문학사전 (Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture). 서울: <a href="/wiki/National_Folk_Museum_of_Korea" title="National Folk Museum of Korea">National Folk Museum of Korea</a>. Retrieved 30 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%ED%95%B4%EC%99%80+%EB%8B%AC%EC%9D%B4+%EB%90%9C+%EC%98%A4%EB%88%84%EC%9D%B4&rft.btitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%86%8D%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84+%28Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Folk+Culture%29&rft.place=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8&rft.pub=National+Folk+Museum+of+Korea&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=%EC%A1%B0&rft.aufirst=%ED%98%84%EC%84%A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffolkency.nfm.go.kr%2Fkr%2Ftopic%2Fdetail%2F6006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASorghum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klaniczay_1990-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Klaniczay_1990_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaniczay1990" class="citation book cs1">Klaniczay, Gábor (1990). The Uses of Supernatural Power: The Transformation of Popular Religion in Medieval and Early-Modern Europe. Translated by Singerman, Susan. Princeton: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. pp. 129–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6910-7377-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6910-7377-4"><bdi>978-0-6910-7377-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Uses+of+Supernatural+Power%3A+The+Transformation+of+Popular+Religion+in+Medieval+and+Early-Modern+Europe&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=129-130&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-6910-7377-4&rft.aulast=Klaniczay&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASorghum" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sorghum_bicolor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sorghum bicolor">Sorghum bicolor</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Sorghum" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Sorghum"> Sorghum</a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwrdiversity.org/checklist/genepool-details.php?id%5b%5d=21">Crop Wild Relatives Inventory</a>: reliable information source on where and what to conserve ex-situ, regarding Sorghum genepool</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?454806">Taxon: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor – information from National Plant Germplasm System/GRIN</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=13&preview=true&searchTextMenue=Sorghum+bicolor&search=Wikitemplate">Sorghum bicolor</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de/">West African plants – A Photo Guide.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&oldid=1257042005">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&oldid=1257042005</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Sorghum&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 12 November 2024, at 22:53 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graansorghum" title="Graansorghum – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Graansorghum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%B3" title="ዘንጋዳ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዘንጋዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ذرة بيضاء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذرة بيضاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জোয়ার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোয়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%82%D3%A9%D2%AB%D0%BB%D3%A9" title="Сорго ике төҫлө – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сорго ике төҫлө" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Сорга двухколернае – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сорга двухколернае" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Двуцветно сорго – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Двуцветно сорго" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirak" title="Sirak – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sirak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorgo_bicolor" title="Sorgo bicolor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sorgo bicolor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cirok_dvoubarevn%C3%BD" title="Čirok dvoubarevný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čirok dvoubarevný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorgwm_deuliw" title="Sorgwm deuliw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sorgwm deuliw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%92i%C9%9B%C9%A3u" title="Kaʒiɛɣu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kaʒiɛɣu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almindelig_durra" title="Almindelig durra – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Almindelig durra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghumhirse" title="Sorghumhirse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sorghumhirse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_sorgo" title="Harilik sorgo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik sorgo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σόργος ο δίχρωμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σόργος ο δίχρωμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basarto" title="Basarto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Basarto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سورگوم دورنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سورگوم دورنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sorghum" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorgo_commun" title="Sorgo commun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sorgo commun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorgo_com%C3%BAn" title="Sorgo común – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sorgo común" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%88%98" title="수수 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawa" title="Dawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirak_metla%C5%A1" title="Sirak metlaš – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sirak metlaš" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantel" title="Cantel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cantel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Цъылинаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цъылинаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akurd%C3%BArra" title="Akurdúrra – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Akurdúrra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="סתוויון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סתוויון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoliang" title="Kaoliang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaoliang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%96_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кәдімгі құмай – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кәдімгі құмай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghomm" title="Sorghomm – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sorghomm" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtama" title="Mtama – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%A7%C3%AEk" title="Baçîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Baçîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastais_sorgo" title="Parastais sorgo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Parastais sorgo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvispalvis_sorgas" title="Dvispalvis sorgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dvispalvis sorgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukorcirok" title="Cukorcirok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cukorcirok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onc%C3%A8r" title="Oncèr – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Oncèr" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ذره بيضاء – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ذره بيضاء" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_(graansoort)" title="Sorghum (graansoort) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sorghum (graansoort)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B7" title="モロコシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モロコシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durra" title="Durra – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Durra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oq_jo%CA%BBxori" title="Oq joʻxori – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oq joʻxori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80)" title="ਜਵਾਰ (ਚਰ੍ਹੀ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਵਾਰ (ਚਰ੍ਹੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="چرھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چرھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghumheers" title="Sorghumheers – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sorghumheers" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorgo_dwubarwne" title="Sorgo dwubarwne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sorgo dwubarwne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorgo" title="Sorgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sorgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Сорго двуцветное – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сорго двуцветное" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/balaysan" title="balaysan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="balaysan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirok_dvojfarebn%C3%BD" title="Cirok dvojfarebný – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cirok dvojfarebný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navadni_sirek" title="Navadni sirek – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navadni sirek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Обични сирак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Обични сирак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obi%C4%8Dni_sirak" title="Obični sirak – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Obični sirak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjodurra" title="Kirjodurra – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjodurra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durra" title="Durra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Durra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சோளம் சிறுதானியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோளம் சிறுதானியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilni" title="Ilni – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ilni" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ข้าวฟ่าง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ข้าวฟ่าง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Сорго звичайне – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сорго звичайне" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megmax" title="Megmax – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Megmax" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_l%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Cao lương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cao lương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sorghum bicolor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B2%B1" title="高粱 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高粱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%A9" title="זארגעהירזש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זארגעהירזש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%98%E7%B2%B1" title="雙色高粱 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雙色高粱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B2%B1" title="高粱 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高粱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 22:53 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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