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class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Triticeae</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Triticeae" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Triticeae" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><b>Triticeae</b> is a botanical <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribe</a> within the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Pooideae" title="Pooideae">Pooideae</a> of grasses that includes genera with many domesticated species. Major crop genera found in this tribe include <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Wheat_taxonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat taxonomy">wheat taxonomy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>; crops in other genera include some for human consumption, and others used for animal feed or rangeland protection. Among the world's cultivated species, this tribe has some of the most complex genetic histories. An example is bread wheat, which contains the genomes of three species with only one being a wheat <i><a href="/wiki/Triticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Triticum">Triticum</a></i> species. <a href="/wiki/Triticeae_glutens" title="Triticeae glutens">Seed storage proteins in the Triticeae</a> are implicated in various <a href="/wiki/Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">food allergies</a> and intolerances. </p><table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Triticeae </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hordeum_jubatum_-_close-up_(aka).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hordeum_jubatum_-_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/220px-Hordeum_jubatum_-_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hordeum_jubatum_-_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/330px-Hordeum_jubatum_-_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hordeum_jubatum_-_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/440px-Hordeum_jubatum_-_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1413"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Triticeae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BOP_clade" title="BOP clade">BOP clade</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pooideae" title="Pooideae">Pooideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Supertribe: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triticodae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triticodae (page does not exist)">Triticodae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Triticeae</a><br><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>See text. </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Genera_of_Triticeae"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Genera of Triticeae</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Cultivated_or_edible_species"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Cultivated or edible species</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Aegilops"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Aegilops</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Amblyopyrum"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Amblyopyrum</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Elymus"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Elymus</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Hordeum"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Hordeum</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Leymus"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Leymus</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Secale"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Secale</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Triticum"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Triticum</i></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Genetics"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Genetics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Evolution_of_the_tribe"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Evolution of the tribe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Goat_grasses_and_the_evolution_of_bread_wheat"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Goat grasses and the evolution of bread wheat</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Tetraploidization_in_wild_emmer_wheat"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tetraploidization in wild emmer wheat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Hexaploidization_of_tetraploid_wheat"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Hexaploidization of tetraploid wheat</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Wild_Triticeae_use_by_humans"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Wild Triticeae use by humans</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Pastoral_grasses"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Pastoral grasses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Triticeae_and_health"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Triticeae and health</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Genera_of_Triticeae">Genera of Triticeae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genera of Triticeae" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Genera recognized in Triticeae according to Robert Soreng et al.:<sup id="cite_ref-SorengPeterson2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SorengPeterson2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegilops" title="Aegilops">Aegilops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agropyron" title="Agropyron">Agropyron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amblyopyrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblyopyrum">Amblyopyrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthosachne" title="Anthosachne">Anthosachne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopyrum" title="Australopyrum">Australopyrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connorochloa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Connorochloa (page does not exist)">Connorochloa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crithopsis" title="Crithopsis">Crithopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasypyrum" title="Dasypyrum">Dasypyrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Douglasdeweya" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglasdeweya">Douglasdeweya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elymus_(plant)" title="Elymus (plant)">Elymus</a></i> (syn. <i><a href="/wiki/Campeiostachys" title="Campeiostachys">Campeiostachys</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Elytrigia" title="Elytrigia">Elytrigia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hystrix_(plant)" title="Hystrix (plant)">Hystrix</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roegneria" class="mw-redirect" title="Roegneria">Roegneria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sitanion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitanion">Sitanion</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eremopyrum" title="Eremopyrum">Eremopyrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Festucopsis" title="Festucopsis">Festucopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henrardia" title="Henrardia">Henrardia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heteranthelium" title="Heteranthelium">Heteranthelium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hordelymus" title="Hordelymus">Hordelymus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hordeum" title="Hordeum">Hordeum</a></i> (syn. <i><a href="/wiki/Critesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Critesion">Critesion</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kengyilia" title="Kengyilia">Kengyilia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leymus" title="Leymus">Leymus</a></i> (syn. <i><a href="/wiki/Aneurolepidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Aneurolepidium">Aneurolepidium</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eremium" class="mw-redirect" title="Eremium">Eremium</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Macrohystrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrohystrix">Macrohystrix</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Microhystrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Microhystrix">Microhystrix</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pascopyrum" title="Pascopyrum">Pascopyrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peridictyon" title="Peridictyon">Peridictyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psathyrostachys" title="Psathyrostachys">Psathyrostachys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoroegneria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoroegneria">Pseudoroegneria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secale" title="Secale">Secale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stenostachys" title="Stenostachys">Stenostachys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taeniatherum" title="Taeniatherum">Taeniatherum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thinopyrum" title="Thinopyrum">Thinopyrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Triticum">Triticum</a></i></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cultivated_or_edible_species">Cultivated or edible species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cultivated or edible species" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gluten_Sources.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gluten_Sources.png/350px-Gluten_Sources.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="192" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="290"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 192px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gluten_Sources.png/350px-Gluten_Sources.png" data-width="350" data-height="192" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gluten_Sources.png/525px-Gluten_Sources.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gluten_Sources.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>4 different commercial forms of <i>Triticeae</i> cultivars. Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Common_wheat" title="Common wheat">common wheat</a> flour, European <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> corns, rolled <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aegilops"><i>Aegilops</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aegilops" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Various species (rarely identifiable to species in archaeological material) occur in pre-agrarian archaeobotanical remains from Near Eastern sites. Their edible grains were doubtless harvested as wild food resources.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegilops_speltoides" title="Aegilops speltoides">speltoides</a></i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Aegilops+speltoides">ancient food grain</a>, putative source of B genome in bread wheat<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2009)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and G genome in <i>T. timopheevii</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2009)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegilops_tauschii" title="Aegilops tauschii">tauschii</a></i> – Source of D genome in wheat<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2009)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amblyopyrum"><i>Amblyopyrum</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Amblyopyrum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><i>muticum</i> – Source of T genome.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elymus"><i>Elymus</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elymus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Various species are cultivated for pastoral purposes or to protect fallow land from opportunistic or invasive species </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elymus_canadensis" title="Elymus canadensis">canadensis</a></i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Elymus+canadensis">edible, bread-flour capable, fiddly seeds</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elymus_trachycaulus" title="Elymus trachycaulus">trachycaulus</a></i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1999/v4-015b.html">pastoral cultivar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hordeum"><i>Hordeum</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hordeum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Many barley cultivars </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">vulgare</a></i> – common barley (6 subspecies, ~100 cultivars)</li> <li><i>bulbosum</i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Hordeum+bulbosum">edible seeds</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hordeum_murinum" title="Hordeum murinum">murinum</a></i> (mouse barley) – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Hordeum+murinum">cooked as piñole, bread-flour capable</a>, medicinal: diuretic.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leymus"><i>Leymus</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Leymus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Leymus_arenarius" title="Leymus arenarius">arenarius</a></i> (Lyme grass) – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Leymus+arenarius">bread-flour capable, possible food additive</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leymus_racemosus" title="Leymus racemosus">racemosus</a></i> (Volga Wild Rye) – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Leymus+racemosus">drought tolerant cereal, used in Russia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leymus_condensatus" title="Leymus condensatus">condensatus</a></i> (Giant Wild Rye) – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Leymus+condensatus">Edible seeds, harvesting problematic small seeds</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leymus_triticoides" title="Leymus triticoides">triticoides</a></i> (Squaw grass) – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Leymus+triticoides">used in North America, seed hairs must be singed</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secale"><i>Secale</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Secale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ryes </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">cereale</a></i> (Cereal Rye) – Livestock feed and sour dough bread – 6 subspecies.</li> <li><i>cornutum</i> (spurred rye) – herbal medicine: <a href="/wiki/Ergot" title="Ergot">ergot</a> (ergot of spurred rye) at very low doses; <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dangerously toxic as food.</li> <li><i>strictum</i> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Secale+strictum+kuprijanovii">actively cultivated</a></li> <li><i>sylvestre</i> - (Tibetan Rye) - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Secale+sylvestre">actively cultivated</a> in Tibet and China highlands.</li> <li><i>vavilovii</i> (Armenian Wild Rye) – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Secale+vavilovii">edible seeds, thickener</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Triticum"><i>Triticum</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Triticum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>(Wheat) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_wheat" title="Common wheat">aestivum</a></i> (bread wheat) – (AABBDD Genome) <ul><li><i>compactum</i> (club wheat)</li> <li><i>macha</i> (hulled)</li> <li><i>spelta</i> (hulled, <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a>)</li> <li><i>sphaerococcum</i> (shot wheat)</li></ul></li> <li><i>monococcum</i> (Einkorn wheat) (A Genome)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum_timopheevii" title="Triticum timopheevii">timopheevii</a></i> (Sanduri wheat)</li> <li><i>turgidum</i> (poulard wheat) (AABB Genome)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum_carthlicum" title="Triticum carthlicum">carthlicum</a></i> (Persian black wheat)</li> <li><i>dicoccoides</i> (wild emmer wheat)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emmer" title="Emmer">dicoccum</a></i> (cultivated emmer wheat) - <a href="/wiki/Emmer#Food_uses" title="Emmer">used to make Farro</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durum" class="mw-redirect" title="Durum">durum</a></i> (durum wheat)</li> <li><i>paleocolchicum</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum_polonicum" title="Triticum polonicum">polonicum</a></i> (Polish wheat)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khorasan_wheat" title="Khorasan wheat">turanicum</a></i> (Khorasan wheat)</li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Genetics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about cladogram of the nuclear genome sets; some more clear discussion separating nuclear and organellar topics.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Triticeae" title="Talk:Triticeae">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" style="float:Right; text-align:center; margin-left:2em; margin-bottom:1em; border:1px #feb solid; background:#fff7f8;"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Genomes of some Triticeae genera and species </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#ffe7d7"> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left; width:200px;">Genera & Species</td> <td style="width:40px">1st</td> <td style="width:40px">2nd</td> <td style="width:40px">3rd</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum_boeoticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Triticum boeoticum">Triticum boeoticum</a></i> </td> <td>AA</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum_monococcum" class="mw-redirect" title="Triticum monococcum">Triticum monococcum</a></i> </td> <td>A<sub>M</sub>A<sub>M</sub></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum_urartu" title="Triticum urartu">Triticum urartu</a></i> </td> <td>A<sub>U</sub>A<sub>U</sub></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Aegilops_speltoides" title="Aegilops speltoides">Aegilops speltoides</a></i> var. <i>speltoides</i> </td> <td>BB</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Aegilops caudata</i> </td> <td>CC</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Aegilops_tauschii" title="Aegilops tauschii">Aegilops tauschii</a></i> </td> <td>DD</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Lophopyrum elongatum</i> </td> <td>EE</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hordeum_vulgare" class="mw-redirect" title="Hordeum vulgare">Hordeum vulgare</a></i> </td> <td>HH</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Thinopyrum bessarabicum</i> </td> <td>JJ</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Aegilops comosa</i> </td> <td>MM</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Aegilops uniaristata</i> </td> <td>NN</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Henrardia persica</i> </td> <td>OO</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Agropyrum cristatum</i> </td> <td>PP</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Secale_cereale" class="mw-redirect" title="Secale cereale">Secale cereale</a></i> </td> <td>RR</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Aegilops bicornis</i> </td> <td>SS</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Amblyopyrum muticum</i> </td> <td>TT</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Aegilops umbellulata</i> </td> <td>UU</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Dasypyrum</i> </td> <td>VV</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Psathyrostachys</i> </td> <td>NsNs</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Pseudoroegneria</i> </td> <td>StSt</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Triticum zhukovskyi</i> </td> <td>AA</td> <td>A<sub>M</sub>A<sub>M</sub></td> <td>GG </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Triticum turgidum</i> </td> <td>AA</td> <td>BB</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum_aestivum" class="mw-redirect" title="Triticum aestivum">Triticum aestivum</a></i> </td> <td>AA</td> <td>BB</td> <td>DD </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum_timopheevii" title="Triticum timopheevii">Triticum timopheevii</a></i> </td> <td>AA</td> <td>GG</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i><a href="/wiki/Aegilops_cylindrica" title="Aegilops cylindrica">Aegilops cylindrica</a></i> </td> <td>CC</td> <td>DD</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Stenostachys</i> sp. </td> <td>HH</td> <td>WW</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Elmyus canadensis</i> </td> <td>HH</td> <td>StSt</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Elmyus abolinii</i> </td> <td>YY</td> <td>StSt</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Thinopyrum</i> Vjd =(V/J/D) </td> <td>JJ</td> <td>StSt</td> <td>VjdVjd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffefe7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#ffefe7;"><i>Leymus tricoides</i> </td> <td>NsNs</td> <td>XmXm</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Triticeae and its sister tribe <a href="/wiki/Bromus" title="Bromus"> <i>Bromeae</i></a> (bromes or cheat grasses) when joined form a sister clade with <i><a href="/wiki/Poeae" title="Poeae">Poeae</a></i> and <i>Aveneae</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">Oats</a>). Inter-generic gene flow characterized these taxa from the early stages. For example, Poeae and Aveneae share a mtDNA <a href="/wiki/Genetic_marker" title="Genetic marker">genetic marker</a> with barley and 10 other members of Triticeae, whereas all 19 genera of Triticeae bear a wheat marker along with Bromeae.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubo_et_al_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubo_et_al-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genera within Triticeae contain <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allotetraploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotetraploid">allotetraploid</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Allohexaploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Allohexaploid">allohexaploid</a> genomes, the capacity to form allopolyploid genomes varies within the tribe. In this tribe, the majority of diploid species tested are closely related to <i>Aegilops</i>, the more distal members (earliest branch points) include <i>Hordeum</i> (Barley), <i>Eremian</i>, <i>Psathyrostachys</i>. The broad distribution of cultivars within the Tribe and the properties of the proteins have implication in the treatment of certain digestive diseases and autoimmune disorders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Evolution_of_the_tribe">Evolution of the tribe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Evolution of the tribe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>One of the earliest branches in Triticeae, to <i>Pseudoroegeneria</i>, produces the genome StSt and another <i>Hordeum</i> then genome = HH. Allotetraploid combinations of <i>Pseudoroegeneria</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hordeum" title="Hordeum">Hordeum</a></i> and are seen in <i>Elmyus</i> (HHStSt),<sup id="cite_ref-Elmyus_Reticulated_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmyus_Reticulated-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also shows introgression from Australian and Agropyron wheatgrasses.<sup id="cite_ref-Elmyus_Genome_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmyus_Genome-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elymus contains mostly <i>Pseudoroegeneria</i> mtDNA.<sup id="cite_ref-Elymus_cpDNA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elymus_cpDNA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many genera and species of Triticeae are allopolyploids, having more chromosomes than seen in typical diploids. Typical allopolyploids are tetraploid or hexaploid, XXYY or XXYYZZ. The creation of polyploid species results from natural random events tolerated by polyploid-capable plants. Natural allopolyploid plants may have selective advantages and some may permit the recombination of distantly related genetic material. <a href="/wiki/Poulard_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Poulard wheat">Poulard wheat</a> is an example of a stable allotetraploid wheat.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <i>Secale</i> (domesticated rye) may be a very early branch from the goat grass clad (or goat grasses are a branch of early rye grasses), as branch these are almost contemporary with the branching between monoploid wheat and <i>Aegilops tauschii</i>. Studies in Anatolia now suggest Rye (<i><a href="/wiki/Secale" title="Secale">Secale</a></i>) was cultivated, but not domesticated, prior to the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">holocene</a> and to evidence for the cultivation of wheat. As climate changed the favorability of <i>Secale</i> declined. At that time other strains of barley and wheat may have been cultivated, but humans did little to change them.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Goat_grasses_and_the_evolution_of_bread_wheat">Goat grasses and the evolution of bread wheat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Goat grasses and the evolution of bread wheat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BreadWheatEvolution.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evolution of Bread Wheat"><noscript><img alt="Evolution of Bread Wheat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BreadWheatEvolution.svg/300px-BreadWheatEvolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 300px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BreadWheatEvolution.svg/300px-BreadWheatEvolution.svg.png" data-alt="Evolution of Bread Wheat" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BreadWheatEvolution.svg/450px-BreadWheatEvolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BreadWheatEvolution.svg/600px-BreadWheatEvolution.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tetraploidization_in_wild_emmer_wheat">Tetraploidization in wild emmer wheat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tetraploidization in wild emmer wheat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Aegilops</i> appears to be basal to several taxa such as <i>Triticum</i>, <i>Amblyopyrum</i>, and <i>Crithopsis</i>. Certain species such as <i>Aegilops speltoides</i> could potentially represent core variants of the taxa. The generic placement may be more a matter of nomenclature. Genera <i>Aegilops</i> and <i>Triticum</i> are very closely related; as the adjacent image illustrates, the <i>Aegilops</i> species occupy most of the basal branch points in bread wheat evolution indicating that genus <i>Triticum</i> evolved from <i>Aegilops</i> after an estimated 4 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Dvorak_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dvorak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The divergence of the genomes is followed by allotetraploidization of a speltoid goatgrass x basal wheat species <i>Triticum boeoticum</i> with strains in the middle eastern region giving rise to cultivated emmer wheat.<sup id="cite_ref-Karacada_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karacada-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hexaploidization_of_tetraploid_wheat">Hexaploidization of tetraploid wheat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hexaploidization of tetraploid wheat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904204448/http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/HTMLPublications/47/ch10.htm">Hybridization</a> of tetraploid wheat with <i>Ae. tauschii</i> produced a hulled wheat similar to spelt, suggesting <i>T. spelta</i> is basal. The <i>tauschii</i> species can be subdivided into subspecies <i>tauschii</i> (eastern Turkey to China or Pakistan) and <i>strangulata</i> (Caucasus to S. Caspian, N. Iran). The D genome of bread wheat is closer to <i>A.t. strangulata</i> than <i>A.t. tauschii</i>. It is suggested that <i>Ae. tauschii</i> underwent rapid selective evolution prior to combining with tetraploid wheat.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Wild_Triticeae_use_by_humans">Wild Triticeae use by humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Wild Triticeae use by humans" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Intense use of wild Triticeae can be seen in the Levant as early as 23,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-OhalaII_PNAS2004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OhalaII_PNAS2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This site, Ohala II (Israel), also shows that Triticeae grains were processed and cooked.<sup id="cite_ref-Trit_12000BP_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trit_12000BP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many cultivars appear to have been domesticated in the region of the upper Fertile Crescent, Levant and central Anatolia.<sup id="cite_ref-Cradle_of_agriculture_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cradle_of_agriculture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Autonomous_Cultiv_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autonomous_Cultiv-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent evidence suggests that cultivation of wheat from emmer's wheat required a longer period with wild seeding maintaining a presence in archaeological finds.<sup id="cite_ref-Long_hisory_of_cultivation_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long_hisory_of_cultivation-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Pastoral_grasses">Pastoral grasses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pastoral grasses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Triticeae has a <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a> component that some contend goes back to the Neolithic period and is referred to as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~bogucki/mosaic.html">Garden Hunting Hypothesis</a>. In this hypothesis grains could be planted or shared for the purpose of attracting game animals so that they could be hunted close to settlements.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Today, rye and other Triticeae cultivars are used to graze animals, particularly cattle. Rye grasses in the New World have been used selectively as fodder, but also to protect grasslands without the introduction of invasive Old World species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Triticeae_and_health">Triticeae and health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Triticeae and health" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Glutens (storage proteins) in the Triticeae tribe have been linked to <a href="/wiki/Gluten_sensitivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluten sensitivity">gluten-sensitive diseases</a>. While it was once believed that oats carried similar potentials, recent studies indicate that most <a href="/wiki/Oat_sensitivity" title="Oat sensitivity">oat sensitivity</a> is the result of contamination.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Triticeae_glutens" title="Triticeae glutens">Triticeae glutens</a> studies are important in determining the links between gluten and gastrointestinal, allergic, and autoimmune diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17376046_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17376046-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the recently discovered biochemical and immunochemical properties of these proteins suggest they evolved for protection against dedicated or continuous consumption by mammalian seed-eaters.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17544966_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17544966-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16212427_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16212427-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One recent publication even raises doubts about wheat's safety for anyone to eat.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17519496_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17519496-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overlapping properties with regard to food preparation<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> have made these proteins much more useful as cereal cultivars, and a balanced perspective suggests a variable tolerance to Triticeae glutens reflects early childhood environment and genetic predisposition.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17616789_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17616789-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17664902_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17664902-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10441179_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10441179-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12050583_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12050583-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SorengPeterson2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SorengPeterson2017_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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J. Clin. Nutr</i>. <b>86</b> (1): 260, author reply 260–1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F86.1.260">10.1093/ajcn/86.1.260</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17616789">17616789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Clin.+Nutr.&rft.atitle=Safe+gluten+threshold+for+patients+with+celiac+disease%3A+some+patients+are+more+tolerant+than+others&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=260%2C+author+reply+260-1&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fajcn%2F86.1.260&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17616789&rft.aulast=Collin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=M%C3%A4ki%2C+M&rft.au=Kaukinen%2C+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fajcn%252F86.1.260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriticeae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17664902-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17664902_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuandalini_S2007" class="citation book cs1">Guandalini S (2007). 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Nutr</i>. <b>34</b> (5): 548–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00005176-200205000-00014">10.1097/00005176-200205000-00014</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12050583">12050583</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46271326">46271326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Pediatr.+Gastroenterol.+Nutr.&rft.atitle=HLA-DQA1+and+HLA-DQB1+genetic+markers+and+clinical+presentation+in+celiac+disease&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=548-54&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A46271326%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12050583&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00005176-200205000-00014&rft.aulast=Zubillaga&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Vidales%2C+MC&rft.au=Zubillaga%2C+I&rft.au=Ormaechea%2C+V&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Urk%C3%ADa%2C+N&rft.au=Vitoria%2C+JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1097%252F00005176-200205000-00014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriticeae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hordeeae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hordeeae">Hordeeae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=147389">Pubmed:Triticeae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfaf.org/database/search_use.php">Database of Edible Seed Plants</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060616092948/http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/HTMLPublications/47/ch01.htm#TopOfPage">International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)</a> – An excellent resource for the ancestral genetics of Triticeae.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050209101650/http://www.ksu.edu/wgrc/Taxonomy/compaeg.html">Aegilops (genome) Comparative Classification Table</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050308102427/http://www.ksu.edu/wgrc/Taxonomy/comptri.html">Triticum (genome) Comparative Classification Table</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060905134226/http://herbarium.usu.edu/Triticeae/genomesaegilops.htm">Genomes in Aegilops, Triticum, and Amblyopyrum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218084133/http://data.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/germplasm/triticeae/">Triticeae germplasm</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Pi bot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732267048"> <span>Last edited on 22 November 2024, at 09:17</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قمحاوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قمحاوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Triticeae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Triticeae" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trit%C3%ADcia" title="Tritícia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tritícia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Triticeae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Triticeae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritikeoj" title="Tritikeoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tritikeoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Triticeae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Triticeae" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Triticeae" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="قمحاويه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قمحاويه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Triticeae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Пшеницевые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пшеницевые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Пшеничні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пшеничні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 09:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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