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data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">Doi (identifier)</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">For the use of digital object identifiers on Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Wikipedia:Digital Object Identifier">Wikipedia:Digital Object Identifier</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>A digital object identifier (DOI) is a <a href="/wiki/Persistent_identifier" title="Persistent identifier">persistent identifier</a> or <a href="/wiki/Handle_(computing)" title="Handle (computing)">handle</a> used to uniquely identify various objects, standardized by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO).<a href="#cite_note-iso-2">[2]</a> DOIs are an implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">Handle System</a>;<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> they also integrate with the URI system (<a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>). They are widely used to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journal</a> articles, research reports, data sets, and official <a href="/wiki/Publication" title="Publication">publications</a>. <table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Digital object identifier</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:DOI_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DOI_logo.svg/130px-DOI_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DOI_logo.svg/195px-DOI_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DOI_logo.svg/260px-DOI_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="130"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data">Digital object identifier</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Acronym</th><td class="infobox-data">DOI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Organisation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#IDF_organizational_structure">International DOI Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">October 1997; 27 years ago (1997-10)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Example</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1000/182">10.1000/182</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/the-identifier/what-is-a-doi/">www.doi.org/the-identifier/what-is-a-doi/</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25670#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> A DOI aims to resolve to its target, the information object to which the DOI refers. This is achieved by binding the DOI to <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> about the object, such as a <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> where the object is located. Thus, by being actionable and <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperable</a>, a DOI differs from <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBNs</a> or <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">ISRCs</a> which are identifiers only. The DOI system uses the <a href="/wiki/Indecs_Content_Model" title="Indecs Content Model">indecs Content Model</a> to represent <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>. The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, whereas its location and other metadata may change. Referring to an online document by its DOI should provide a more stable link than directly using its URL. But if its URL changes, the publisher must update the metadata for the DOI to maintain the link to the URL.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It is the publisher's responsibility to update the DOI database. If they fail to do so, the DOI resolves to a <a href="/wiki/Link_rot" title="Link rot">dead link</a>, leaving the DOI useless.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The developer and administrator of the DOI system is the International DOI Foundation (IDF), which introduced it in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Organizations that meet the contractual obligations of the DOI system and are willing to pay to become a member of the system can assign DOIs.<a href="#cite_note-dd-10">[10]</a> The DOI system is implemented through a federation of registration agencies coordinated by the IDF.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> By late April 2011 more than 50 million DOI names had been assigned by some 4,000 organizations,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and by April 2013 this number had grown to 85 million DOI names assigned through 9,500 organizations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Fake registries have even appeared.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Nomenclature_and_syntax">1 Nomenclature and syntax</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Display">1.1 Display</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Content">2 Content</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Features_and_benefits">3 Features and benefits</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Comparison_with_other_identifier_schemes">4 Comparison with other identifier schemes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Resolution">5 Resolution</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#IDF_organizational_structure">6 IDF organizational structure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Standardization">7 Standardization</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Nomenclature_and_syntax"> Nomenclature and syntax</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature and syntax" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> A DOI is a type of Handle System handle, which takes the form of a <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">character string</a> divided into two parts, a prefix and a suffix, separated by a slash. <dl><dd><code>prefix/suffix</code></dd></dl> The prefix identifies the registrant of the identifier and the suffix is chosen by the registrant and identifies the specific object associated with that DOI. Most legal <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters are allowed in these strings, which are interpreted in a <a href="/wiki/Case-insensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Case-insensitive">case-insensitive</a> manner. The prefix usually takes the form <code>10.NNNN</code>, where <code>NNNN</code> is a number greater than or equal to <code>1000</code>, whose limit depends only on the total number of registrants.<a href="#cite_note-CrossRefDOI-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOIKeyFacts-15">[15]</a> The prefix may be further subdivided with periods, like <code>10.NNNN.N</code>.<a href="#cite_note-2.2.2-16">[16]</a> For example, in the DOI name <code>10.1000/182</code>, the prefix is <code>10.1000</code> and the suffix is <code>182</code>. The "10" part of the prefix distinguishes the handle as part of the DOI namespace, as opposed to some other Handle System namespace,<a href="#cite_note-17">[A]</a> and the characters <code>1000</code> in the prefix identify the registrant; in this case the registrant is the International DOI Foundation itself. <code>182</code> is the suffix, or item ID, identifying a single object (in this case, the latest version of the DOI Handbook). DOI names can identify creative works (such as texts, images, audio or video items, and software) in both electronic and physical forms, <a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">performances</a>, and abstract works<a href="#cite_note-doifaq2-18">[17]</a> such as licenses, parties to a transaction, etc. The names can refer to objects at varying levels of detail: thus DOI names can identify a journal, an individual issue of a journal, an individual article in the journal, or a single table in that article. The choice of level of detail is left to the assigner, but in the DOI system it must be declared as part of the metadata that is associated with a DOI name, using a <a href="/wiki/Data_dictionary" title="Data dictionary">data dictionary</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Indecs_Content_Model" title="Indecs Content Model">indecs Content Model</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display">Display</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Display" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The official DOI Handbook explicitly states that DOIs should be displayed on screens and in print in the format <code>doi:10.1000/182</code>.<a href="#cite_note-C4WDefault-2811140-19">[18]</a> Contrary to the DOI Handbook, <a href="/wiki/Crossref" title="Crossref">Crossref</a>, a major DOI registration agency, recommends displaying a URL (for example, <code>https://doi.org/10.1000/182</code>) instead of the officially specified format.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> This URL is persistent (there is a contract that ensures persistence in the doi.org domain,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]) so it is a <a href="/wiki/PURL" class="mw-redirect" title="PURL">PURL</a>—providing the location of an <a href="/wiki/Name_server" title="Name server">name resolver</a> which will redirect <a href="/wiki/HTTP_request" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP request">HTTP requests</a> to the correct online location of the linked item.<a href="#cite_note-dd-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> The Crossref recommendation is primarily based on the assumption that the DOI is being displayed without being hyperlinked to its appropriate URL—the argument being that without the hyperlink it is not as easy to copy-and-paste the full URL to actually bring up the page for the DOI, thus the entire URL should be displayed, allowing people viewing the page containing the DOI to copy-and-paste the URL, by hand, into a new window/tab in their <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">browser</a> in order to go to the appropriate page for the document the DOI represents.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Content" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Major content of the DOI system currently includes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scholarly materials</a> (journal articles, books, ebooks, etc.) through <a href="/wiki/Crossref" title="Crossref">Crossref</a>, a consortium of around 3,000 publishers; <a href="/wiki/Airiti" title="Airiti">Airiti</a>, a leading provider of Chinese and Taiwanese electronic academic journals; and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan_Link_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japan Link Center (page does not exist)">Japan Link Center</a> (JaLC)<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> an organization providing link management and DOI assignment for electronic academic journals in Japanese.</li> <li>Research datasets through <a href="/wiki/DataCite" title="DataCite">DataCite</a>, a consortium of leading research libraries, technical information providers, and scientific data centers;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> official publications through the <a href="/wiki/Publications_Office_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Publications Office (European Union)">EU publications office</a>;</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/CNKI" title="CNKI">Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure</a> project at <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (page does not exist)">Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China</a> (ISTIC), two initiatives sponsored by the Chinese government.</li> <li>Permanent global identifiers for both commercial and non-commercial audio/visual content titles, edits, and manifestations through the Entertainment ID Registry, commonly known as <a href="/wiki/EIDR" title="EIDR">EIDR</a>.</li></ul> In the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a>'s publication service <a href="/wiki/OECD_iLibrary" title="OECD iLibrary">OECD iLibrary</a>, each table or graph in an OECD publication is shown with a DOI name that leads to an Excel file of data underlying the tables and graphs. Further development of such services is planned.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Other registries include <a href="/wiki/Crossref" title="Crossref">Crossref</a> and the multilingual European DOI Registration Agency (mEDRA).<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Since 2015, <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFCs</a> can be referenced as <code>doi:10.17487/rfc...</code>.<a href="#cite_note-">[26]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Features_and_benefits">Features and benefits</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Features and benefits" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The IDF designed the DOI system to provide a form of <a href="/wiki/Persistent_identifier" title="Persistent identifier">persistent identification</a>, in which each DOI name permanently and unambiguously identifies the object to which it is associated (although when the publisher of a journal changes, sometimes all the DOIs will be changed, with the old DOIs no longer working). It also associates <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> with objects, allowing it to provide users with relevant pieces of information about the objects and their relationships. Included as part of this metadata are network actions that allow DOI names to be resolved to web locations where the objects they describe can be found. To achieve its goals, the DOI system combines the <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">Handle System</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indecs_Content_Model" title="Indecs Content Model">indecs Content Model</a> with a social infrastructure. The Handle System ensures that the DOI name for an object is not based on any changeable attributes of the object such as its physical location or ownership, that the attributes of the object are encoded in its metadata rather than in its DOI name, and that no two objects are assigned the same DOI name. Because DOI names are short character strings, they are human-readable, may be copied and pasted as text, and fit into the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a> specification. The DOI name-resolution mechanism acts behind the scenes, so that users communicate with it in the same way as with any other web service; it is built on <a href="/wiki/Open_architecture" title="Open architecture">open architectures</a>, incorporates <a href="/wiki/Computational_trust" title="Computational trust">trust mechanisms</a>, and is engineered to operate reliably and flexibly so that it can be adapted to changing demands and new applications of the DOI system.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> DOI name-resolution may be used with <a href="/wiki/OpenURL" title="OpenURL">OpenURL</a> to select the most appropriate among multiple locations for a given object, according to the location of the user making the request.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> However, despite this ability, the DOI system has drawn criticism from librarians for directing users to non-free copies of documents, that would have been available for no additional fee from alternative locations.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indecs_Content_Model" title="Indecs Content Model">indecs Content Model</a> as used within the DOI system associates metadata with objects. A small kernel of common metadata is shared by all DOI names and can be optionally extended with other relevant data, which may be public or restricted. Registrants may update the metadata for their DOI names at any time, such as when publication information changes or when an object moves to a different URL. The International DOI Foundation (IDF) oversees the integration of these technologies and operation of the system through a technical and social infrastructure. The social infrastructure of a federation of independent registration agencies offering DOI services was modelled on existing successful federated deployments of identifiers such as <a href="/wiki/GS1" title="GS1">GS1</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_identifier_schemes">Comparison with other identifier schemes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Comparison with other identifier schemes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> A DOI name differs from commonly used Internet pointers to material, such as the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> (URL), in that it identifies an object itself as a <a href="/wiki/First_class_(computing)" title="First class (computing)">first-class entity</a>, rather than the specific place where the object is located at a certain time. It implements the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">Uniform Resource Name</a>) concept and adds to it a data model and social infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> A DOI name also differs from standard identifier registries such as the <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">ISRC</a>, etc. The purpose of an identifier registry is to manage a given collection of identifiers, whereas the primary purpose of the DOI system is to make a collection of identifiers actionable and interoperable, where that collection can include identifiers from many other controlled collections.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> The DOI system offers persistent, <a href="/wiki/Semantic_interoperability" title="Semantic interoperability">semantically interoperable</a> resolution to related current data and is best suited to material that will be used in services outside the direct control of the issuing assigner (e.g., public citation or managing content of value). It uses a managed registry (providing both social and technical infrastructure). It does not assume any specific business model for the provision of identifiers or services and enables other existing services to link to it in defined ways. Several approaches for making identifiers persistent have been proposed. The comparison of persistent identifier approaches is difficult because they are not all doing the same thing. Imprecisely referring to a set of schemes as "identifiers" does not mean that they can be compared easily. Other "identifier systems" may be enabling technologies with low barriers to entry, providing an easy to use labeling mechanism that allows anyone to set up a new instance (examples include <a href="/wiki/Persistent_Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Persistent Uniform Resource Locator">Persistent Uniform Resource Locator</a> (PURL), URLs, <a href="/wiki/Globally_Unique_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Globally Unique Identifier">Globally Unique Identifiers</a> (GUIDs), etc.), but may lack some of the functionality of a registry-controlled scheme and will usually lack accompanying metadata in a controlled scheme. The DOI system does not have this approach and should not be compared directly to such identifier schemes. Various applications using such enabling technologies with added features have been devised that meet some of the features offered by the DOI system for specific sectors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Archival_Resource_Key" title="Archival Resource Key">ARK</a>). A DOI name does not depend on the object's location and, in this way, is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">Uniform Resource Name</a> (URN) or PURL but differs from an ordinary URL. URLs are often used as substitute identifiers for documents on the Internet although the same document at two different locations has two URLs. By contrast, persistent identifiers such as DOI names identify objects as first class entities: two instances of the same object would have the same DOI name. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Resolution">Resolution</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resolution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> DOI name resolution is provided through the <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">Handle System</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_National_Research_Initiatives" title="Corporation for National Research Initiatives">Corporation for National Research Initiatives</a>, and is freely available to any user encountering a DOI name. Resolution redirects the user from a DOI name to one or more pieces of typed data: URLs representing instances of the object, services such as e-mail, or one or more items of metadata. To the Handle System, a DOI name is a handle, and so has a set of values assigned to it and may be thought of as a record that consists of a group of fields. Each handle value must have a data type specified in its <code><type></code> field, which defines the syntax and semantics of its data. While a DOI persistently and uniquely identifies the object to which it is assigned, DOI resolution may not be persistent, due to technical and administrative issues. To resolve a DOI name, it may be input to a DOI resolver, such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/">doi.org</a>. Another approach, which avoids typing or <a href="/wiki/Copying_and_pasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Copying and pasting">copying and pasting</a> into a resolver is to include the DOI in a document as a URL which uses the resolver as an HTTP proxy, such as <code>https://doi.org/</code> (preferred)<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> or <code>http://dx.doi.org/</code>, both of which support HTTPS. For example, the DOI <code>10.1000/182</code> can be included in a reference or <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a> as <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1000/182">https://doi.org/10.1000/182</a></code>. This approach allows users to click on the DOI as a normal <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a>. Indeed, as previously mentioned, this is how Crossref recommends that DOIs always be represented (preferring HTTPS over HTTP), so that if they are cut-and-pasted into other documents, emails, etc., they will be actionable. Other DOI resolvers and HTTP Proxies include the <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">Handle System</a> and <a href="/wiki/PANGAEA_(data_library)" title="PANGAEA (data library)">PANGAEA</a>. At the beginning of the year 2016, a new class of alternative DOI resolvers was started by http://doai.io. This service is unusual in that it tries to find a <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">non-paywalled</a> (often <a href="/wiki/Self-archiving" title="Self-archiving">author archived</a>) version of a title and redirects the user to that instead of the <a href="/wiki/Publisher%27s_version" class="mw-redirect" title="Publisher's version">publisher's version</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capsh-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Since then, other open-access favoring DOI resolvers have been created, notably https://oadoi.org/ in October 2016<a href="#cite_note-impactstory-36">[35]</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Unpaywall" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpaywall">Unpaywall</a>). While traditional DOI resolvers solely rely on the Handle System, alternative DOI resolvers first consult open access resources such as <a href="/wiki/BASE_(search_engine)" title="BASE (search engine)">BASE</a> (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine).<a href="#cite_note-capsh-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-impactstory-36">[35]</a> An alternative to HTTP proxies is to use one of a number of add-ons and plug-ins for <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">browsers</a>, thereby avoiding the conversion of the DOIs to URLs,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> which depend on domain names and may be subject to change, while still allowing the DOI to be treated as a normal hyperlink. A disadvantage of this approach for publishers is that, at least at present, most users will be encountering the DOIs in a browser, <a href="/wiki/Mail_reader" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail reader">mail reader</a>, or other software which does not have one of these plug-ins installed. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="IDF_organizational_structure">IDF organizational structure</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: IDF organizational structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DOI_Foundation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/DOI_Foundation.svg/220px-DOI_Foundation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="247"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 51px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/DOI_Foundation.svg/220px-DOI_Foundation.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="51" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/DOI_Foundation.svg/330px-DOI_Foundation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/DOI_Foundation.svg/440px-DOI_Foundation.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Logo of the foundation</figcaption></figure> The International DOI Foundation (IDF), a non-profit organization created in 1997, is the governance body of the DOI system.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> It safeguards all <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property rights</a> relating to the DOI system, manages common operational features, and supports the development and promotion of the DOI system. The IDF ensures that any improvements made to the DOI system (including creation, maintenance, registration, resolution and policymaking of DOI names) are available to any DOI registrant. It also prevents third parties from imposing additional licensing requirements beyond those of the IDF on users of the DOI system. The IDF is controlled by a Board elected by the members of the Foundation, with an appointed Managing Agent who is responsible for co-ordinating and planning its activities. Membership is open to all organizations with an interest in electronic publishing and related enabling technologies. The IDF holds annual open meetings on the topics of DOI and related issues. Registration agencies, appointed by the IDF, provide services to DOI registrants: they allocate DOI prefixes, register DOI names, and provide the necessary infrastructure to allow registrants to declare and maintain metadata and state data. Registration agencies are also expected to actively promote the widespread adoption of the DOI system, to cooperate with the IDF in the development of the DOI system as a whole, and to provide services on behalf of their specific user community. A list of current RAs is maintained by the International DOI Foundation. The IDF is recognized as one of the federated registrars for the Handle System by the DONA Foundation (of which the IDF is a board member), and is responsible for assigning Handle System prefixes under the top-level <code>10</code> prefix.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Registration agencies generally charge a fee to assign a new DOI name; parts of these fees are used to support the IDF. The DOI system overall, through the IDF, operates on a <a href="/wiki/Not-for-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Not-for-profit">not-for-profit</a> cost recovery basis. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Standardization">Standardization</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Standardization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> The DOI system is an international standard developed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> in its technical committee on identification and description, TC46/SC9.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> The Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 26324, Information and documentation – Digital Object Identifier System met the ISO requirements for approval. The relevant ISO Working Group later submitted an edited version to ISO for distribution as an FDIS (Final Draft International Standard) ballot,<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> which was approved by 100% of those voting in a ballot closing on 15 November 2010.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> The final standard was published on 23 April 2012.<a href="#cite_note-iso-2">[2]</a> DOI is a registered URI under the <a href="/wiki/Info_URI_scheme" title="Info URI scheme">info URI scheme</a> specified by IETF <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4452">4452</a>. info:doi/ is the infoURI Namespace of Digital Object Identifiers.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> The DOI syntax is a <a href="/wiki/NISO" class="mw-redirect" title="NISO">NISO</a> standard, first standardized in 2000, ANSI/NISO Z39.84-2005 Syntax for the Digital Object Identifier.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The maintainers of the DOI system have deliberately not registered a DOI namespace for <a href="/wiki/URN" class="mw-redirect" title="URN">URNs</a>, stating that: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">URN architecture assumes a DNS-based <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution_Discovery_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolution Discovery Service (page does not exist)">Resolution Discovery Service</a> (RDS) to find the service appropriate to the given URN scheme. However no such widely deployed RDS schemes currently exist.... DOI is not registered as a URN namespace, despite fulfilling all the functional requirements, since URN registration appears to offer no advantage to the DOI System. It requires an additional layer of administration for defining DOI as a URN namespace (the string <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">urn:doi:10.1000/1</code> rather than the simpler <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">doi:10.1000/1</code>) and an additional step of unnecessary redirection to access the resolution service, already achieved through either http proxy or native resolution. If RDS mechanisms supporting URN specifications become widely available, DOI will be registered as a URN.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>International DOI Foundation, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/factsheets/DOIIdentifierSpecs.html">Factsheet: DOI System and Internet Identifier Specifications</a></cite></div></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataCite" title="DataCite">DataCite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_identity" title="Digital identity">Digital identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata_standard" title="Metadata standard">Metadata standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_identifier" title="Object identifier">Object identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publisher_Item_Identifier" title="Publisher Item Identifier">Publisher Item Identifier</a> (PII)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink">Permalink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scientific literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier" title="Universally unique identifier">Universally unique identifier</a> (UUID)</li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Other registries are identified by other strings at the start of the prefix. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgann.d." class="citation web cs1">Morgan, Cliff (n.d.) [This article is an expanded and updated version of a presentation to the Wiley Library Advisory Board, 18 November 1997.]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uksg.org/serials/doi">"The DOI (Digital Object Identifier)"</a>. Serials. UKSG (formerly United Kingdom Serials Group). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070802081819/http://www.uksg.org/serials/doi">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2007. 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Retrieved 20 April 2010. <q>Assuming the publishers do their job of maintaining the databases, these centralized references, unlike current web links, should never become outdated or broken</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=How+the+%22Digital+Object+Identifier%22+Works&rft.date=2001-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fmagazine%2Fcontent%2F01_30%2Fb3742032.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+object+identifier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2021" class="citation journal cs1">Liu, Jia (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7191%2Fjeslib.2021.1180">"Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Under the Context of Research Data Librarianship"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 June 2016. <q>All DOI prefixes begin with "10" to distinguish the DOI from other implementations of the Handle System followed by a four-digit number or string (the prefix can be longer if necessary).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CrossRef.org&rft.atitle=doi+info+%26+guidelines&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crossref.org%2F01company%2F15doi_info.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+object+identifier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOIKeyFacts-15"><a href="#cite_ref-DOIKeyFacts_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/the-identifier/resources/factsheets/key-facts-on-digital-object-identifier-system">"Factsheet—Key Facts on Digital Object Identifier System"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 November 2024. <q>Over 18,000 DOI name prefixes within the DOI System</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet%E2%80%94Key+Facts+on+Digital+Object+Identifier+System&rft.pub=International+DOI+Foundation&rft.date=2016-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.org%2Fthe-identifier%2Fresources%2Ffactsheets%2Fkey-facts-on-digital-object-identifier-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+object+identifier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2.2.2-16"><a href="#cite_ref-2.2.2_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630181440/http://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html#2.2.2">"DOI Handbook—2 Numbering"</a>. International DOI Foundation. 1 February 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html#2.2.2">the original</a> on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2016. <q>The registrant code may be further divided into sub-elements for administrative convenience if desired. Each sub-element of the registrant code shall be preceded by a full stop.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOI+Handbook%E2%80%942+Numbering&rft.pub=International+DOI+Foundation&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2Fdoi_handbook%2F2_Numbering.html%232.2.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+object+identifier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-doifaq2-18"><a href="#cite_ref-doifaq2_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/the-identifier/resources/faqs#8-what-can-a-doi-name-be-assigned-to">"Frequently asked questions about the DOI system: 6. What can a DOI name be assigned to?"</a>. 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National Information Standards Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625124108/https://groups.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/14689/z39-84-2005_r2010.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANSI%2FNISO+Z39.84-2005+Syntax+for+the+Digital+Object+Identifier&rft.pub=National+Information+Standards+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.niso.org%2Fapps%2Fgroup_public%2Fdownload.php%2F14689%2Fz39-84-2005_r2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+object+identifier" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 4px;height: 4px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="4" data-height="4" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P356" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P356">DOI (P356)</a> (see <a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP356%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P356%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/the-identifier/resources/">DOI Resources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shortdoi.org/">shortDOI Service</a> – DOI Foundation service for converting long DOIs to shorter equivalents</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.crossref.org/">Crossref Metadata Search</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&oldid=1258905075">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&oldid=1258905075</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 22 November 2024, at 08:04 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معرف الغرض الرقمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identificador_d%27obcheto_dichital" title="Identificador d'obcheto dichital – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Identificador d'obcheto dichital" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="ডিজিটেল অবজেক্ট আইডেণ্টিফায়াৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডিজিটেল অবজেক্ট আইডেণ্টিফায়াৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99q%C9%99mli_obyektin_identifikatoru" title="Rəqəmli obyektin identifikatoru – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəqəmli obyektin identifikatoru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangenalan_objek_digital" title="Pangenalan objek digital – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pangenalan objek digital" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ডিজিটাল অবজেক্ট আইডেন্টিফায়ার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিজিটাল অবজেক্ট আইডেন্টিফায়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2%CD%98-%C5%ABi_Mi%CC%8Dh-ki%C4%81%E2%81%BF_Sek-pia%CC%8Dt-h%C5%8D" title="Sò͘-ūi Mi̍h-kiāⁿ Sek-pia̍t-hō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sò͘-ūi Mi̍h-kiāⁿ Sek-pia̍t-hō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Лічбавы ідэнтыфікатар аб’екта – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лічбавы ідэнтыфікатар аб’екта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Лічбавы ідэнтыфікатар аб’екта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лічбавы ідэнтыфікатар аб’екта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88" title="डीओआई – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डीओआई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Идентификатор на дигитален обект – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Идентификатор на дигитален обект" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Digital Object Identifier" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Digitalni identifikator objekta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI" title="DOI – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="DOI" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnabyddwr_gwrthrychau_digidol" title="Adnabyddwr gwrthrychau digidol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adnabyddwr gwrthrychau digidol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Digital Object Identifier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%96%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%AE%DE%84%DE%B0%DE%96%DE%AC%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%91%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%A8%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%94%DE%A6%DE%83" title="ޑިޖިޓަލް އޮބްޖެކްޓް އައިޑެންޓިފަޔަރ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޑިޖިޓަލް އޮބްޖެކްޓް އައިޑެންޓިފަޔަރ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI" title="DOI – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="DOI" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B7%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ψηφιακό αναγνωριστικό αντικειμένου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψηφιακό αναγνωριστικό αντικειμένου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identificador_de_objeto_digital" title="Identificador de objeto digital – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Identificador de objeto digital" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifereca_objekta_identigilo" title="Cifereca objekta identigilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cifereca objekta identigilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI" title="DOI – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="DOI" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="شناساگر اشیاء دیجیتال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شناساگر اشیاء دیجیتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Digital Object Identifier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI" title="DOI – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="DOI" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Digital Object Identifier" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디지털 객체 식별자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Թվային օբյեկտի իդենտիֆիկատոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թվային օբյեկտի իդենտիֆիկատոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95" title="डिजिटल वस्तु अभिज्ञापक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डिजिटल वस्तु अभिज्ञापक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Digitalni identifikator objekta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengenal_objek_digital" title="Pengenal objek digital – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengenal objek digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI-n%C3%BAmer" title="DOI-númer – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="DOI-númer" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangidh%C3%A8ntifikasi_Oby%C3%A8k_Digital" title="Pangidhèntifikasi Obyèk Digital – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pangidhèntifikasi Obyèk Digital" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ობიექტის ციფრული იდენტიფიკატორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ობიექტის ციფრული იდენტიფიკატორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Сандық нысан идентификаторы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сандық нысан идентификаторы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit%C4%81lais_objektu_identifikators" title="Digitālais objektu identifikators – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Digitālais objektu identifikators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Назнака за дигитални објекти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Назнака за дигитални објекти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="ഡിജിറ്റൽ ഓബ്ജക്റ്റ് ഐഡന്റിഫയർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡിജിറ്റൽ ഓബ്ജക്റ്റ് ഐഡന്റിഫയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="डिजीटल ऑब्जेक्ट आयडेंटीफायर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डिजीटल ऑब्जेक्ट आयडेंटीफायर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%89" title="معرف الغرض الرقمى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معرف الغرض الرقمى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengecam_objek_digital" title="Pengecam objek digital – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengecam objek digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="डिजिटल वस्तु पहिचान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डिजिटल वस्तु पहिचान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90" title="デジタルオブジェクト識別子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デジタルオブジェクト識別子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Digital Object Identifier" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Digital objektidentifikator" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଡିଜିଟାଲ ଅବଜେକ୍ଟ ଆଇଡେଣ୍ଟିଫାୟର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଡିଜିଟାଲ ଅବଜେକ୍ଟ ଆଇଡେଣ୍ଟିଫାୟର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqamli_obyekt_identifikatori" title="Raqamli obyekt identifikatori – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Raqamli obyekt identifikatori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%81" title="رقمی جرم شناختہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رقمی جرم شناختہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Дигиталный объектовый идентификатор – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Дигиталный объектовый идентификатор" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цифровой идентификатор объекта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цифровой идентификатор объекта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifikues_digjital_objektesh" title="Identifikues digjital objektesh – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Identifikues digjital objektesh" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Digital Object Identifier" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AC%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD_%D8%A2%D8%A6%DA%8A%D9%86%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="ڊجيٽل آبجيڪٽ آئڊنٽيفائر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊجيٽل آبجيڪٽ آئڊنٽيفائر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Digital Object Identifier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifikator_digitalnega_objekta" title="Identifikator digitalnega objekta – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Identifikator digitalnega objekta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Digitalni identifikator objekta" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Digitalni identifikator objekta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI" title="DOI – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="DOI" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagatukoy_ng_digital_na_bagay" title="Tagatukoy ng digital na bagay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tagatukoy ng digital na bagay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="எண்ணிம ஆவணச் சுட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்ணிம ஆவணச் சுட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Санлы объект таныклыгы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Санлы объект таныклыгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="Digital object identifier" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="డిజిటల్ ఆబ్జెక్ట్ ఐడెంటిఫయర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డిజిటల్ ఆబ్జెక్ట్ ఐడెంటిఫయర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="ตัวระบุวัตถุดิจิทัล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตัวระบุวัตถุดิจิทัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цифровий ідентифікатор об'єкта – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цифровий ідентифікатор об'єкта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%81" title="رقمی جرم شناختہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رقمی جرم شناختہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI" title="DOI – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="DOI" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI" title="DOI – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="DOI" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%B6%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E8%99%9F" title="數碼物件識別號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="數碼物件識別號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOI" title="DOI – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="DOI" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier) – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Doi (identifier)" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 08:04 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6z6cl","wgBackendResponseTime":295,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.963","walltime":"1.230","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5331,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":165732,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7668,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":183476,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1051.149 1 -total"," 27.98% 294.122 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.25% 160.289 32 Template:Cite_web"," 13.47% 141.583 1 Template:Ref_RFC"," 11.55% 121.393 2 Template:Cite_ietf"," 11.32% 118.939 1 Template:Infobox_identifier"," 11.23% 118.057 2 Template:Navbox"," 10.89% 114.501 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.51% 89.493 1 Template:International_numbering_standards"," 7.76% 81.561 1 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