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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mughal_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mughal_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mughal Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mughal_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Mughal_Emperors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Mughal_Emperors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of Mughal Emperors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Mughal_Emperors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree_of_Mughal_emperors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree_of_Mughal_emperors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family tree of Mughal emperors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree_of_Mughal_emperors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of emperors of the Mughal Empire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="قائمة سلاطين مغول الهند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة سلاطين مغول الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_Mo%C4%9Fol_imperiyas%C4%B1_h%C3%B6kmdarlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Böyük Moğol imperiyası hökmdarlarının siyahısı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Böyük Moğol imperiyası hökmdarlarının siyahısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="মুঘল সম্রাট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুঘল সম্রাট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaerien_Vogol" title="Impalaerien Vogol – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaerien Vogol" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_d%27emperadors_mogols" title="Llista d'emperadors mogols – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista d'emperadors mogols" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_mughalsk%C3%BDch_c%C3%ADsa%C5%99%C5%AF" title="Seznam mughalských císařů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seznam mughalských císařů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Gro%C3%9Fmoguln" title="Liste der Großmoguln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der Großmoguln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_mogol" title="Emperador mogol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emperador mogol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogoloj" title="Mogoloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mogoloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="فهرست پادشاهان گورکانی هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست پادشاهان گورکانی هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_empereurs_moghols" title="Liste des empereurs moghols – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des empereurs moghols" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B5%B4_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="무굴 황제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무굴 황제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="मुग़ल शासकों की सूची – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुग़ल शासकों की सूची" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Kaisar_Mughal" title="Daftar Kaisar Mughal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar Kaisar Mughal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დიდ მოგოლთა იმპერატორების სია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდ მოგოლთა იმპერატორების სია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Ұлы Моғолдар падишаһтарының тізімі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұлы Моғолдар падишаһтарының тізімі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didieji_Mogolai" title="Didieji Mogolai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didieji Mogolai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogul_uralkod%C3%B3k_list%C3%A1ja" title="Mogul uralkodók listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mogul uralkodók listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="मुगल सम्राट – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मुगल सम्राट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2" title="मोगल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोगल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="დიდი მოგოლეფიშ იმპერატორეფიშ ერკებული – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიდი მოგოლეფიშ იმპერატორეფიშ ერკებული" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سلاطين مغول الهند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلاطين مغول الهند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%98%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯃꯨꯘꯜ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯨꯘꯜ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_heersers_van_het_Mogolrijk" title="Lijst van heersers van het Mogolrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van heersers van het Mogolrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="ムガル帝国の君主 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムガル帝国の君主" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormogul" title="Stormogul – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stormogul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormogul" title="Stormogul – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stormogul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boburiy_imperatorlar" title="Boburiy imperatorlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boburiy imperatorlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9" title="ਮੁਗ਼ਲ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਗ਼ਲ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="مغل بادشاہاں دی لسٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مغل بادشاہاں دی لسٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_imperadores_mog%C3%B3is" title="Lista de imperadores mogóis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de imperadores mogóis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Список падишахов Могольской империи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список падишахов Могольской империи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_dynasty" title="Mughal dynasty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mughal dynasty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogulski_cesarji" title="Mogulski cesarji – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mogulski cesarji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mongol_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol emperors">Mongol emperors</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr">Emperor of <span class="country-name">Hindustan</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><div style="font-family: serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 125%; background-color: rgb(125,7,110); color: white;">Imperial</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="display:inline-block;border-style: solid;padding: 0px;border-color: transparent;border-width: 0px;background-color: transparent;color: black;margin: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Seal_of_Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.png/100px-Seal_of_Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Seal_of_Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.png/150px-Seal_of_Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Seal_of_Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.png/200px-Seal_of_Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.png 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2812" /></a></span></div><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Flags of the Mughal Empire"><b>Imperial seal</b><br />(1837–1857)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="display:inline-block;border-style: solid;padding: 0px;border-color: transparent;border-width: 0px;background-color: transparent;color: black;margin: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/260px-Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/390px-Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/520px-Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span></div><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Last to reign</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah II">Bahadur Shah II</a></b><br />28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/His_Imperial_Majesty" class="mw-redirect" title="His Imperial Majesty">His Imperial Majesty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_royal_titles_of_the_Mughal_emperors" title="Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors">Jahah Panah</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_royal_titles_of_the_Mughal_emperors" title="Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors">Alam Panah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(as the successor to <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Delhi_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate">Sultan of Delhi</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah II">Bahadur Shah II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">21 April 1526</a>; <span class="currentage"></span>498 years ago</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">21 September 1857</a>; <span class="currentage"></span>167 years ago</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Fort" title="Agra Fort">Agra Fort</a> <br /> (1526–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a> (1648–1857)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Line_of_hereditary_succession" title="Line of hereditary succession">Hereditary</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The emperors of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, who were all members of the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Babur" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babur">House of Babur</a>), ruled the empire from its inception on 21 April 1526 to its dissolution on 21 September 1857. They were the supreme monarchs of the Mughal Empire in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. They ruled many parts of India from 1526, and by 1707, and ruled most of the subcontinent. Afterwards, they declined rapidly, but nominally ruled territories until the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>, where they gave their last stand against the invading British forces in India. </p><p>The Mughal dynasty was founded by <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1526–1530</span>), a Timurid prince from the <a href="/wiki/Fergana_Valley" title="Fergana Valley">Fergana Valley</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>), was a direct descendant of both <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>. </p><p>The Mughal emperors had significant <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Indian Rajput</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a> ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, the empire, as the world's largest economy and manufacturing power, worth over 25% of global GDP,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> controlled nearly all of the Indian subcontinent, extending from <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> in the east to <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> in the west and from <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Kashmir" title="Mughal Kashmir">Kashmir</a> in the north to the <a href="/wiki/Kaveri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaveri River">Kaveri River</a> in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mughal_Genealogical_Table.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mughal_Genealogical_Table.svg/220px-Mughal_Genealogical_Table.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mughal_Genealogical_Table.svg/330px-Mughal_Genealogical_Table.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mughal_Genealogical_Table.svg/440px-Mughal_Genealogical_Table.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption>Genealogy of the Mughal dynasty. Only principal offspring of each emperor are provided in the chart.</figcaption></figure> <p>Its population at the time is estimated to be 158,400,000 (a quarter of the world's population), over a territory of more than 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles).<sup id="cite_ref-Richards1993_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mughal power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century and the last emperor, <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a>, was deposed in 1857, with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-spear_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spear-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mughal_Empire">Mughal Empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mughal Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mss_0874.3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mss_0874.3.jpg/220px-Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mss_0874.3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mss_0874.3.jpg/330px-Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mss_0874.3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mss_0874.3.jpg/440px-Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mss_0874.3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Group portrait of Mughal emperors, from <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, with their <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> ancestor <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> seated in the middle. On the left: <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> and Babur, with <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Mirza" title="Abu Sa'id Mirza">Abu Sa'id of Samarkand</a> and Timur's son, <a href="/wiki/Miran_Shah" title="Miran Shah">Miran Shah</a>. On the right: <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a>, and two of Timur's other offspring <a href="/wiki/Umar_Shaikh_Mirza_I" title="Umar Shaikh Mirza I">Umar Shaykh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sultan_Mirza" title="Muhammad Sultan Mirza">Muhammad Sultan</a>. Created <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1707–12</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid</a> prince and ruler from <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>. Babur was a direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>, the 14th century founder of the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Timurid empire">Timurid empire</a> on his father's side, and <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> on his mother's side.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ousted from his ancestral domains in <a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shaybani_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaybani Khan">Shaybani Khan</a>, the 40-year-old prince Babur turned to <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">India</a> to satisfy his ambitions. He established himself in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> and then pushed steadily southward into India from <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his victory at <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">Panipat</a> in 1526.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instability of the empire became evident under his son, <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a>, who was driven into exile in Persia by rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humayun's exile in <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Persia</a> established diplomatic ties between the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid</a> and Mughal courts and led to increasing West Asian cultural influence in the Mughal court. The restoration of Mughal rule began after Humayun's triumphant return from Persia in 1555, but he died from an accident shortly afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humayun's son, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>, succeeded to the throne under a regent, <a href="/wiki/Bairam_Khan" title="Bairam Khan">Bairam Khan</a>, who helped consolidate the Mughal Empire in India.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through warfare and diplomacy, Akbar was able to extend the empire in all directions and controlled almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the <a href="/wiki/Godavari" class="mw-redirect" title="Godavari">Godavari river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He created a new ruling elite loyal to him, implemented a modern administration, and encouraged cultural developments. He increased trade with European trading companies.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian historian <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Eraly" title="Abraham Eraly">Abraham Eraly</a> wrote that foreigners were often impressed by the fabulous wealth of the Mughal court, but the glittering court hid darker realities, namely that about a quarter of the empire's gross national product was owned by 655 families while the bulk of India's 120 million people lived in appalling poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After suffering what appears to have been an <a href="/wiki/Temporal_lobe_epilepsy" title="Temporal lobe epilepsy">epileptic seizure</a> in 1578 while hunting tigers, which he regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Geschwind_syndrome" title="Geschwind syndrome">religious experience</a>, Akbar grew disenchanted with Islam, and came to embrace a syncretistic mixture of Hinduism and Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akbar allowed freedom of religion at his court and attempted to resolve socio-political and cultural differences in his empire by establishing a new religion, <a href="/wiki/Din-i-Ilahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Din-i-Ilahi">Din-i-Ilahi</a>, with strong characteristics of a ruling cult.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left his son an internally stable state, which was in the midst of its golden age, but before long signs of political weakness would emerge.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akbar was also interested in elevating the way individuals view leaders with the stylings of his <a href="/wiki/Mughal_clothing" title="Mughal clothing">clothes</a> and ensemble. </p><p>Akbar's son, <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>, was addicted to <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, neglected the affairs of the state, and came under the influence of rival court <a href="/wiki/Clique" title="Clique">cliques</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the reign of Jahangir's son, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, the splendour of the Mughal court reached its peak, as exemplified by the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>. The cost of maintaining the court, however, began to exceed the revenue being levied.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Shah_Jahan,_1628.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emperor_Shah_Jahan%2C_1628.jpg/220px-Emperor_Shah_Jahan%2C_1628.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emperor_Shah_Jahan%2C_1628.jpg/330px-Emperor_Shah_Jahan%2C_1628.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emperor_Shah_Jahan%2C_1628.jpg/440px-Emperor_Shah_Jahan%2C_1628.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Shah Jahan, accompanied by his three sons: <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Shuja_(Mughal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Shuja (Mughal)">Shah Shuja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, and their maternal grandfather <a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_ibn_Mirza_Ghiyas_Beg" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul-Hasan ibn Mirza Ghiyas Beg">Asaf Khan IV</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shah Jahan's eldest son, the liberal <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a>, became regent in 1658, as a result of his father's illness. Dara championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim religion and culture. With the support of the Islamic orthodoxy, however, a younger son of Shah Jahan, <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, seized the throne. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and had him executed.<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness, there was a succession war for the throne between Dara and Aurangzeb. Finally, Aurangzeb succeeded the throne and kept Shah Jahan under house arrest. </p><p>During Aurangzeb's reign, the empire gained political strength once more, and it became the world's largest economy, over a quarter of the world GDP,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but his establishment of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> caused huge controversies. Aurangzeb expanded the empire to include a huge part of South Asia. At its peak, the kingdom stretched to 3.2 million square kilometres, including parts of what are now India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death in 1707, "many parts of the empire were in open revolt."<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aurangzeb's attempts to reconquer his family's ancestral lands in Central Asia were not successful while his successful conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan region</a> proved to be a <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_victory" title="Pyrrhic victory">pyrrhic victory</a> that cost the empire heavily in both militarily and financially.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further problem for Aurangzeb was the army had always been based upon the land-owning aristocracy of northern India who provided the cavalry for the campaigns, and the empire had nothing equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Janissaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Janissaries">janissary</a> corps of the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long and costly conquest of the Deccan had badly diminished the "aura of success" that surrounded Aurangzeb, and from the late 17th century onwards, the aristocracy became increasingly unwilling to provide forces for the empire's wars as the prospect of being rewarded with land as a result of a successful war was seen as less and less likely.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, at the conclusion of the conquest of the Deccan, Aurangzeb had very selectively rewarded some of the noble families with confiscated land in the Deccan, leaving aristocrats unrewarded with confiscated land feeling strongly disgruntled and unwilling to participate in further campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aurangzeb's son, <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_I" title="Bahadur Shah I">Shah Alam</a>, repealed the religious policies of his father and attempted to reform the administration. "However, after his death in 1712, the Mughal dynasty sank into chaos and violent feuds. In the year 1719 alone, four emperors successively ascended the throne".<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akbar_Shah_II_and_his_four_sons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Akbar_Shah_II_and_his_four_sons.jpg/220px-Akbar_Shah_II_and_his_four_sons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Akbar_Shah_II_and_his_four_sons.jpg/330px-Akbar_Shah_II_and_his_four_sons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Akbar_Shah_II_and_his_four_sons.jpg/440px-Akbar_Shah_II_and_his_four_sons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1909" data-file-height="2621" /></a><figcaption>Akbar Shah II and his four sons.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a>, the empire began to break up, and vast tracts of central India passed from Mughals to the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a> hands. Mughal warfare had always been based upon heavy artillery for sieges, heavy cavalry for offensive operations and light cavalry for skirmishing and raids.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To control a region, the Mughals always sought to occupy a strategic fortress in some region, which would serve as a nodal point from which the Mughal army would emerge to take on any enemy that challenged the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This system was not only expensive but also made the army somewhat inflexible as the assumption was always the enemy would retreat into a fortress to be besieged or would engage in a set-piece decisive battle of annihilation on open ground.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hindu Marathas were expert horsemen who refused to engage in set-piece battles, but rather engaged in campaigns of guerrilla warfare upon the Mughal supply lines.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marathas were unable to take the Mughal fortresses via a storm or formal siege as they lacked the artillery, but by constantly intercepting supply columns, they were able to starve Mughal fortresses into submission.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Successive Mughal commanders refused to adjust their tactics and develop an appropriate counter-insurgency strategy, which led to the Mughals losing more and more ground to the Marathas.<sup id="cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah%27s_invasion_of_India" title="Nader Shah's invasion of India">Indian campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> of Persia culminated with the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Delhi">Sack of Delhi</a> and shattered the remnants of Mughal power and prestige, as well as capturing the imperial treasury, thus drastically accelerating its decline. Many of the empire's elites now sought to control their own affairs and broke away to form independent kingdoms. The Mughal emperor, however, continued to be the highest manifestation of sovereignty. Not only the Muslim gentry, but the Maratha, Hindu, and Sikh leaders took part in ceremonial acknowledgements of the emperor as the sovereign of India.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSA2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSA2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the next decades, the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikhs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a> battled against each other and the Mughals, revealing the fragmented state of the empire. The Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a> made futile attempts to reverse the empire's decline, but he ultimately had to seek the protection of outside powers. In 1784, the Marathas under <a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a> won acknowledgement as the protectors of the emperor in Delhi, a state of affairs that continued until after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second Anglo-Maratha War</a>. Thereafter, the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> became the protectors of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_dynasty" title="Mughal dynasty">Mughal dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MSA2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSA2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1835 the Company no longer recognised the authority of the emperor, accepting him only as 'King of Delhi' and removing all references to him from their coinage. After the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian rebellion</a> which he nominally led from 1857–58, the last Mughal emperor, <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah Zafar</a>, was deposed by the British, who then assumed formal control of a large part of the former empire,<sup id="cite_ref-Berndl_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marking the start of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>. </p><p><b>Titular emperors</b> </p><p>Over the course of the empire, there were several claimants to the Mughal throne who ascended the throne or claimed to do so but were never recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Here are the claimants to the Mughal throne historians recognise as titular Mughal emperors. </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar Mirza</a> (1627 - 1628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawar_Bakhsh" title="Dawar Bakhsh">Dawar Baksh</a> (1627 - 1628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_(Mughal_emperor)" title="Muhammad Ibrahim (Mughal emperor)">Jahangir II</a> (1719 - 1720)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Mughal_Emperors">List of Mughal Emperors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of Mughal Emperors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:8%;">Portrait </th> <th style="width:12%;"><b>Titular Name</b> </th> <th style="width:18%;">Birth Name </th> <th style="width:9%;">Birth </th> <th style="width:20%;">Reign </th> <th style="width:13%;">Death </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1 <span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Babur_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Babur_of_India.jpg/78px-Babur_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Babur_of_India.jpg/118px-Babur_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Babur_of_India.jpg/157px-Babur_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="780" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Babur<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بابر</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Zahir ud-Din Muhammad</a><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ظهیر الدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 February 1483 <a href="/wiki/Andijan,_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Andijan, Uzbekistan">Andijan, Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 April 1526 – 26 December 1530 <p>(4 years, 8 months and 6 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 December 1530 (aged 47) <a href="/wiki/Agra,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra, India">Agra, India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darbar_of_Humayun,_detail,_Humayun._Akbarnama,_1602-4,_British_Library.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Darbar_of_Humayun%2C_detail%2C_Humayun._Akbarnama%2C_1602-4%2C_British_Library.png/83px-Darbar_of_Humayun%2C_detail%2C_Humayun._Akbarnama%2C_1602-4%2C_British_Library.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Darbar_of_Humayun%2C_detail%2C_Humayun._Akbarnama%2C_1602-4%2C_British_Library.png/125px-Darbar_of_Humayun%2C_detail%2C_Humayun._Akbarnama%2C_1602-4%2C_British_Library.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Darbar_of_Humayun%2C_detail%2C_Humayun._Akbarnama%2C_1602-4%2C_British_Library.png/167px-Darbar_of_Humayun%2C_detail%2C_Humayun._Akbarnama%2C_1602-4%2C_British_Library.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="755" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Humayun<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">همایوں</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Nasir ud-Din Muhammad</a><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نصیر الدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 March 1508 <a href="/wiki/Kabul,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabul, Afghanistan">Kabul, Afghanistan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 December 1530  – 17 May 1540 <p>(9 years, 4 months and 21 days) </p><p>22 February 1555 – 27 January 1556 (11 months and 5 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 January 1556 (aged 47) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">3 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Govardhan._Akbar_With_Lion_and_Calf_ca._1630,_Metmuseum_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Govardhan._Akbar_With_Lion_and_Calf_ca._1630%2C_Metmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Govardhan._Akbar_With_Lion_and_Calf_ca._1630%2C_Metmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Govardhan._Akbar_With_Lion_and_Calf_ca._1630%2C_Metmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Govardhan._Akbar_With_Lion_and_Calf_ca._1630%2C_Metmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Govardhan._Akbar_With_Lion_and_Calf_ca._1630%2C_Metmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Govardhan._Akbar_With_Lion_and_Calf_ca._1630%2C_Metmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Akbar <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اکبر</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Jalal ud-Din Muhammad</a><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جلال الدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15 October 1542 <a href="/wiki/Umerkot" title="Umerkot">Umerkot</a>, Pakistan </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605 <p>(49 years, 8 months and 16 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 October 1605 (aged 63) <a href="/wiki/Agra,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra, India">Agra, India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">4 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahangircrop.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jahangircrop.jpeg/80px-Jahangircrop.jpeg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jahangircrop.jpeg/120px-Jahangircrop.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jahangircrop.jpeg/160px-Jahangircrop.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3317" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Jahangir<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جهانگیر</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Nur ud-Din Muhammad</a><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> نور الدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 August 1569 <a href="/wiki/Agra,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra, India">Agra, India</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627 <p>(21 years, 11 months and 25 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">28 October 1627 (aged 58) <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir, India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">5 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah_Jahan_of_Mughal_empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shah_Jahan_of_Mughal_empire.jpg/79px-Shah_Jahan_of_Mughal_empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shah_Jahan_of_Mughal_empire.jpg/119px-Shah_Jahan_of_Mughal_empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shah_Jahan_of_Mughal_empire.jpg/159px-Shah_Jahan_of_Mughal_empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Shah Jahan<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شاه جهان</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shihab ud-Din Muhammad</a><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شهاب الدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 January 1592 <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore, Pakistan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658 <p>(30 years, 6 months and 12 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22 January 1666 (aged 74) <a href="/wiki/Agra,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra, India">Agra, India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">6 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Emperor_Aurangzeb_Alamgir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Emperor_Aurangzeb_Alamgir.jpg/80px-The_Emperor_Aurangzeb_Alamgir.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Emperor_Aurangzeb_Alamgir.jpg/120px-The_Emperor_Aurangzeb_Alamgir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Emperor_Aurangzeb_Alamgir.jpg/160px-The_Emperor_Aurangzeb_Alamgir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Aurangzeb<br /> <span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اورنگزیب </span></b> <p><b>Alamgir<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عالمگیر</span></b> </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muhi_al-Din_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhi al-Din Muhammad">Muhi al-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">محی الدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 November 1618 <a href="/wiki/Gujarat,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarat, India">Gujarat, India</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707 <p>(48 years, 7 months and 3 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 March 1707 (aged 88 <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a>, India </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">7 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azam_shah_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Azam_shah_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Azam_shah_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Azam_shah_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Azam_shah_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Azam_shah_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Azam_shah_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="696" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Azam Shah<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اعظم شاه</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Azam_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Azam Shah">Qutb ud-Din Muhammad</a><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">قطب الدين محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">28 June 1653 <a href="/wiki/Burhanpur" title="Burhanpur">Burhanpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707 <p>(3 months 6 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 June 1707 (aged 53) <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">8 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahadur_Shah_I_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bahadur_Shah_I_of_India.jpg/80px-Bahadur_Shah_I_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bahadur_Shah_I_of_India.jpg/120px-Bahadur_Shah_I_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bahadur_Shah_I_of_India.jpg/160px-Bahadur_Shah_I_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Bahadur Shah I<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بهادر شاہ</span></b> <p><b>Shah Alam I <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"></span></b> </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_I" title="Bahadur Shah I">Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam</a></b><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">مرزا محمد معظم</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 October 1643 <a href="/wiki/Burhanpur,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Burhanpur, India">Burhanpur, India</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712 <p>(4 years, 253 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 February 1712 (aged 68) <a href="/wiki/Lahore,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore, Pakistan">Lahore, Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#66BB55"> <td style="text-align:center;">9 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahandar_Shah_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jahandar_Shah_of_India.jpg/80px-Jahandar_Shah_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jahandar_Shah_of_India.jpg/120px-Jahandar_Shah_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jahandar_Shah_of_India.jpg/160px-Jahandar_Shah_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="369" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Jahandar Shah<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جهاندار شاہ</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Jahandar_Shah" title="Jahandar Shah">Muiz ud-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">معز الدین محمد </span> <br /> <small> First Puppet emperor </small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 May 1661 Deccan, India </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713 <p>(0 years, 350 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 February 1713 (aged 51) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DAF2CE"> <td style="text-align:center;">10<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Farrukhsiyar_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Farrukhsiyar_of_India.jpg/80px-Farrukhsiyar_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Farrukhsiyar_of_India.jpg/120px-Farrukhsiyar_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Farrukhsiyar_of_India.jpg/160px-Farrukhsiyar_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="752" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Farrukh Siyar<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">فرخ سیر</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Farrukhsiyar" title="Farrukhsiyar">Muin al-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">معین الدین محمد</span><br /><small>Puppet emperor Under the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Brothers">Sayyids of Barha</a></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 August 1685 <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurangabad, India">Aurangabad, India</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719 <p>(6 years, 48 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 April 1719 (aged 33) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DAF2CE"> <td style="text-align:center;">11<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rafi_ud-Darajat_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rafi_ud-Darajat_of_India.jpg/80px-Rafi_ud-Darajat_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rafi_ud-Darajat_of_India.jpg/120px-Rafi_ud-Darajat_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rafi_ud-Darajat_of_India.jpg/160px-Rafi_ud-Darajat_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="424" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Rafi ud-Darajat<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">رفیع الدرجات</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Rafi_ud-Darajat" title="Rafi ud-Darajat">Shams al-Din Muhammad</a><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شمس الدین محمد</span><br /><small>Puppet emperor Under the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Brothers">Sayyids of Barha</a></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 December 1699 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">28 February 1719 – 6 June 1719 <p>(0 years, 98 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 June 1719 (aged 19) <a href="/wiki/Agra,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra, India">Agra, India</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DAF2CE"> <td style="text-align:center;">12<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah_Jahan_II_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Shah_Jahan_II_of_India.jpg/80px-Shah_Jahan_II_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Shah_Jahan_II_of_India.jpg/120px-Shah_Jahan_II_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Shah_Jahan_II_of_India.jpg/160px-Shah_Jahan_II_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="434" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Shah Jahan II<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شاہ جهان دوم</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_II" title="Shah Jahan II">Rafi al-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">رفع الدين محمد</span><br /><small>Puppet emperor Under the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Brothers">Sayyids of Barha</a></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 January 1696 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 June 1719 – 17 September 1719 <p>(0 years, 105 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18 September 1719 (aged 23) <a href="/wiki/Agra,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra, India">Agra, India</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DAF2CE"> <td style="text-align:center;">13<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muhammad_Shah_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muhammad_Shah_of_India.jpg/80px-Muhammad_Shah_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muhammad_Shah_of_India.jpg/120px-Muhammad_Shah_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muhammad_Shah_of_India.jpg/160px-Muhammad_Shah_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="479" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Muhammad Shah<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">محمد شاه</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Nasir al-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نصیر الدین محمد</span><br /><small>Puppet emperor Under the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Brothers">Sayyids of Barha</a></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 August 1702 <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748 <p>(28 years, 212 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 April 1748 (aged 45) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">14<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur_of_India.jpg/80px-Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur_of_India.jpg/120px-Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur_of_India.jpg/160px-Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="429" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Ahmad Shah Bahadur<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">احمد شاہ بهادر</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur" title="Ahmad Shah Bahadur">Mujahid al-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">مجاهد الدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">23 December 1725 <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29 April 1748 – 2 June 1754 <p>(6 years, 37 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center">1 January 1775 (aged 49) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">15<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alamgir_II_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Alamgir_II_of_India.jpg/80px-Alamgir_II_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Alamgir_II_of_India.jpg/120px-Alamgir_II_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Alamgir_II_of_India.jpg/160px-Alamgir_II_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="433" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Alamgir II<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عالمگیر دوم</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_II" title="Alamgir II">Aziz al-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عزیز اُلدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 June 1699 <a href="/wiki/Burhanpur,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Burhanpur, India">Burhanpur, India</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 June 1754 – 29 November 1759 <p>(5 years, 180 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">16<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah_Jahan_III_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Shah_Jahan_III_of_India.jpg/80px-Shah_Jahan_III_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Shah_Jahan_III_of_India.jpg/120px-Shah_Jahan_III_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Shah_Jahan_III_of_India.jpg/160px-Shah_Jahan_III_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Shah Jahan III<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شاه جهان سوم</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_III" title="Shah Jahan III">Muhi al-Millat</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">محی الملت</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1711 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760 <p>(0 years, 282 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1772 (aged 60–61) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">17<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg/80px-Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg/120px-Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg/160px-Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Shah Alam II<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شاه عالم دوم</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Jalal al-Din Muhammad Ali Gauhar</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جلال الدین علی گوهر</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 June 1728 <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 October 1760 – 31 July 1788 <p>(27 years, 301 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 November 1806 (aged 78) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">18<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mughal_Emperor_Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mughal_Emperor_Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur.jpg/80px-Mughal_Emperor_Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mughal_Emperor_Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur.jpg/120px-Mughal_Emperor_Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mughal_Emperor_Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur.jpg/160px-Mughal_Emperor_Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Shah Jahan IV<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جهان شاه چهارم</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Shah Bahadur">Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah</a><br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> بیدار بخت محمود شاه بهادر جهان شاہ </span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1749 <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 July 1788 – 11 October 1788 <p>(0 years, 63 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1790 (aged 40–41) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5DEB3"> <td style="text-align:center;">17<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg/80px-Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg/120px-Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg/160px-Ali_Gauhar_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Shah Alam II<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شاه عالم دوم</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Jalal al-Din Muhammad Ali Gauhar</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جلال الدین علی گوهر</span><br /><small>Puppet emperor under the <a href="/wiki/Scindias_of_Gwalior" class="mw-redirect" title="Scindias of Gwalior">Scindias of Gwalior</a></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 June 1728 <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td> <td style="text-align:center;">16 October 1788 – 19 November 1806 <p>(18 years, 339 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 November 1806 (aged 78) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F2D4CE"> <td style="text-align:center;">19<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akbar_Shah_II_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Akbar_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/80px-Akbar_Shah_II_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Akbar_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/120px-Akbar_Shah_II_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Akbar_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/160px-Akbar_Shah_II_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="508" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Akbar Shah II<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اکبر شاه دوم</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Akbar_II" title="Akbar II">Muin al-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">میرزا اکبر</span><br /><small>Puppet emperor under the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22 April 1760 <a href="/wiki/Mukundpur" title="Mukundpur">Mukundpur</a>, India </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837 <p>(30 years, 321 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">28 September 1837 (aged 77) <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">20<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/80px-Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/120px-Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg/160px-Bahadur_Shah_II_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Bahadur Shah II Zafar<br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بهادر شاه ظفر</span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah II">Abu Zafar Siraj al-Din Muhammad</a> <br /><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ابو ظفر سراج اُلدین محمد</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24 October 1775 <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India </td> <td style="text-align:center;">28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857 <p>(19 years, 360 days) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 November 1862 (aged 87) <a href="/wiki/Rangoon,_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon, Myanmar">Rangoon, Myanmar</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree_of_Mughal_emperors">Family tree of Mughal emperors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family tree of Mughal emperors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 0.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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.navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mughal_family_tree" title="Template:Mughal family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mughal_family_tree" title="Template talk:Mughal family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mughal_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mughal family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Mughal family tree</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/List of emperors of the Mughal Empire">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>1. <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a></b><br /><span class="nowrap">(1526-1530)</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>2. <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a></b><br />(1508 –1556)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Masuma_Sultan_Begum_(daughter_of_Babur)" title="Masuma Sultan Begum (daughter of Babur)">Masuma Sultan Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Kamran_Mirza" title="Kamran Mirza">Kamran Mirza</a><br />(1512 –1557)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Gulchehra_Begum" title="Gulchehra Begum">Gulchehra Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Askari_Mirza" title="Askari Mirza">Askari Mirza</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(1518 –1557)</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hindal_Mirza" title="Hindal Mirza">Hindal Mirza</a> <br />(1519 –1551)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Gulbadan_Begum" title="Gulbadan Begum">Gulbadan Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;">Gulrukh Begum</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>3. <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a></b><br />(1542 –1605)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Muhammad_Hakim" title="Mirza Muhammad Hakim">Mirza Muhammad Hakim</a><br />(1553 –1585)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>4. <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a></b><br />(1569 –1627)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Shahzada_Khanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahzada Khanam">Shahzada Khanam</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Murad_Mirza_(son_of_Akbar)" title="Murad Mirza (son of Akbar)">Shah Murad</a><br />(1570- 1599)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Daniyal_Mirza" title="Daniyal Mirza">Daniyal</a><br />(1572- 1604)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Shakr-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Shakr-un-Nissa Begum">Shakarunnisa Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Aram_Banu_Begum" title="Aram Banu Begum">Aram Banu Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Sultan-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Sultan-un-Nissa Begum">Sultan Nisar Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(1587 –1622)</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Mirza" title="Parviz Mirza">Parvez</a><br />(1590- 1626)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Bahar_Banu_Begum" title="Bahar Banu Begum">Bahar Banu Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>5. <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a></b><br />(1592 –1666)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Luzzat-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Luzzat-un-Nissa Begum">Lizzat-un-nisa Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Jahandar</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_(Mughal_prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahryar (Mughal prince)">Shahrayar</a><br />(1605 –1628)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Jahanara_Begum" title="Jahanara Begum">Jahanara Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a><br />(1615- 1659)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Shuja_(Mughal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Shuja (Mughal)">Shah Shuja</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(1616-1661)</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><a href="/wiki/Roshanara_Begum" title="Roshanara Begum">Roshanara Begum</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>6. <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(1618 –1707)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Murad_Baksh" class="mw-redirect" title="Murad Baksh">Murad Baksh</a><br />(1624 - 1661)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>7. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Azam_Shah" title="Muhammad Azam Shah">Muhammad Azam Shah</a></b><br />(1653 - 1707)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>8. <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_I" title="Bahadur Shah I">Bahadur Shah I Shah Alam I</a></b><br />(1643 –1712)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Akbar_(Mughal_prince)" title="Muhammad Akbar (Mughal prince)">Muhammad Akbar</a><br />(1657- 1706)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Kam_Bakhsh" title="Muhammad Kam Bakhsh">Muhammad Kam Bakhsh</a><br />(1667- 1709)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Azim-ush-Shan" title="Azim-ush-Shan">Azim-ush-Shan</a><br />(1664 –1712)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Rafi-ush-Shan" title="Rafi-ush-Shan">Rafi-ush-Shan</a><br />(1671 –1712)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>9. <a href="/wiki/Jahandar_Shah" title="Jahandar Shah">Jahandar Shah</a></b><br />(1661 –1713)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jahan_Shah_(Mughal_prince)" title="Jahan Shah (Mughal prince)">Khujista Akhtar</a><br />(1673- 1712)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Neku_Siyar" title="Neku Siyar">Neku Siyar</a><br />(1679- 1723)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Muhi_us-Sunnat" title="Muhi us-Sunnat">Muhi us-Sunnat</a><br />(1690- 1747)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>10. <a href="/wiki/Farrukhsiyar" title="Farrukhsiyar">Farrukhsiyar</a></b><br />(1683 –1719)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>12. <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_II" title="Shah Jahan II">Shah Jahan II</a></b><br />(1696 –1719)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>11. <a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ul-Darjat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafi Ul-Darjat">Rafi'u-d-Darjat</a></b><br />(1699 –1719)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_(Mughal_emperor)" title="Muhammad Ibrahim (Mughal emperor)">Jahangir II</a><br />(1703 –1746)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>15. <a href="/wiki/Alamgir_II" title="Alamgir II">Alamgir II</a></b><br />(1699 –1759)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>13. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a></b><br />(1702 –1748)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>16. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_III" title="Shah Jahan III">Shah Jahan III</a></span></b><br />(1711- 1772)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>17. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a></span></b><br />(1728 –1806)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>14. <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur" title="Ahmad Shah Bahadur">Ahmad Shah Bahadur</a></b><br />(1725 –1775)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>19. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Shah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbar Shah II">Akbar Shah II</a></span></b><br />(1760 –1837)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>18. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Jahan IV">Shah Jahan IV</a></span></b><br /> Bedar Bakht<br />(1749- 1790)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>20. <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah II">Bahadur Shah II Zafar</a></b><br />(1775 –1862)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>Notes:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFR._B._Whitehead" class="citation cs2">R. B. Whitehead, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mughal_Genealogical_Table.gif"><i>Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore: Coins of the Mughal Emperors</i></a>, Obscure Press<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Coins+in+the+Panjab+Museum%2C+Lahore%3A+Coins+of+the+Mughal+Emperors&rft.pub=Obscure+Press&rft.au=R.+B.+Whitehead&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AMughal_Genealogical_Table.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_family_tree" title="Timurid family tree">Timurid family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Mongol_genealogy" title="Mughal-Mongol genealogy">Mughal-Mongol genealogy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeroen Duindam (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ky2CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA105"><i>Dynasties: A Global History of Power, 1300–1800</i>, page 105</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206075722/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5ky2CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA105">Archived</a> 6 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammada2007" class="citation book cs1">Mohammada, Malika (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwzbYvQszf4C&pg=PA300"><i>The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India</i></a>. Akkar Books. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-189-83318-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-189-83318-3"><bdi>978-8-189-83318-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foundations+of+the+Composite+Culture+in+India&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Akkar+Books&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-8-189-83318-3&rft.aulast=Mohammada&rft.aufirst=Malika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdwzbYvQszf4C%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirk_Collier2016" class="citation book cs1">Dirk Collier (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=40ywDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT15"><i>The Great Mughals and their India</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Hay_House" title="Hay House">Hay House</a>. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789384544980" title="Special:BookSources/9789384544980"><bdi>9789384544980</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Mughals+and+their+India&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Hay+House&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9789384544980&rft.au=Dirk+Collier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D40ywDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The World Economy (GDP) : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theworldeconomy.org/MaddisonTables/MaddisontableB-18.pdf">Historical Statistics by Professor Angus Maddison"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805201335/http://www.theworldeconomy.org/MaddisonTables/MaddisontableB-18.pdf">Archived</a> 5 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> . World Economy. Retrieved 21 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra" class="citation book cs1">Chandra, Satish. <i>Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals</i>. p. 202.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+India%3A+From+Sultanate+to+the+Mughals&rft.pages=202&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards1993-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richards1993_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Richards, John F. (1 January 2016). <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Johnson_(historian)" title="Gordon Johnson (historian)">Johnson, Gordon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Alan_Bayly" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Alan Bayly">Bayly, C. A.</a> (eds.). <i>The Mughal Empire</i>. The New Cambridge history of India: 1.5. Vol. I. The Mughals and their Contemporaries. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 1, 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521251198" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521251198"><bdi>978-0521251198</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mughal+Empire&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+New+Cambridge+history+of+India%3A+1.5&rft.pages=1%2C+190&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0521251198&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBöröcz2009" class="citation book cs1">Böröcz, József (10 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d0SPAgAAQBAJ&q=mughal+empire+population+1700&pg=PA21"><i>The European Union and Global Social Change</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135255800" title="Special:BookSources/9781135255800"><bdi>9781135255800</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Union+and+Global+Social+Change&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft.isbn=9781135255800&rft.aulast=B%C3%B6r%C3%B6cz&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B3zsef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd0SPAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmughal%2Bempire%2Bpopulation%2B1700%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spear-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spear_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpear1990">Spear 1990</a>, pp. 147–148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berndl-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berndl_9-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerndl2005" class="citation book cs1">Berndl, Klaus (2005). <i>National Geographic Visual History of the World</i>. National Geographic Society. pp. 318–320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7922-3695-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7922-3695-5"><bdi>978-0-7922-3695-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Geographic+Visual+History+of+the+World&rft.pages=318-320&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7922-3695-5&rft.aulast=Berndl&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keay, 293–296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keay, 309–311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keay, 311–319</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eraly, Abraham <i>The Mughal Throne:The Saga of India's Great Emperors</i>, London: Phonenix, 2004 p. 520.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eraly, Abraham <i>The Mughal Throne The Sage of India's Great Emperors</i>, London: Phonenix, 2004 p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aeon.co/essays/the-great-aurangzeb-is-everybodys-least-favourite-mughal">"The great Aurangzeb is everybody's least favourite Mughal – Audrey Truschke | Aeon Essays"</a>. <i>Aeon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aeon&rft.atitle=The+great+Aurangzeb+is+everybody%27s+least+favourite+Mughal+%E2%80%93+Audrey+Truschke+%7C+Aeon+Essays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faeon.co%2Fessays%2Fthe-great-aurangzeb-is-everybodys-least-favourite-mughal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D'souza_pages_3-30-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'souza_pages_3-30_16-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">D'souza, Rohan "Crisis before the Fall: Some Speculations on the Decline of the Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals" pp. 3–30 from <i>Social Scientist</i>, Volume 30, Issue # 9/10, September–October 2002 p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keay, 361–363, 385–386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSA2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSA2_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSA2_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoseJalal2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sugata_Bose" title="Sugata Bose">Bose, Sugata</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Jalal" title="Ayesha Jalal">Jalal, Ayesha</a> (2004). <i>Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy</i> (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-71253-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-71253-5"><bdi>978-0-203-71253-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+South+Asia%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Political+Economy&rft.pages=41&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-203-71253-5&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sugata&rft.au=Jalal%2C+Ayesha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315443249-20">"The Mughal emperors in India"</a>, <i>The Caliphate</i>, Routledge, pp. 161–164, 18 November 2016, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315443249-20">10.4324/9781315443249-20</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-44324-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-44324-9"><bdi>978-1-315-44324-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Caliphate&rft.atitle=The+Mughal+emperors+in+India&rft.pages=161-164&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315443249-20&rft.isbn=978-1-315-44324-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4324%2F9781315443249-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Keay" title="John Keay">Keay, John</a>, <i>India, a History</i>, 2000, HarperCollins, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0002557177" title="Special:BookSources/0002557177">0002557177</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpear1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Percival_Spear" title="Percival Spear">Spear, Percival</a> (1990) [First published 1965], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K2H_v0t5jTkC&pg=PA147"><i>A History of India, Volume 2</i></a>, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013836-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013836-8"><bdi>978-0-14-013836-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=New+Delhi+and+London%3A+Penguin+Books.+Pp.+298&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-14-013836-8&rft.aulast=Spear&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK2H_v0t5jTkC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+the+Mughal+Empire" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-height="905" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Emperors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Azam_Shah" title="Muhammad Azam Shah">Muhammad Azam Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_I" title="Bahadur Shah I">Bahadur Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahandar_Shah" title="Jahandar Shah">Jahandar Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukhsiyar" title="Farrukhsiyar">Farrukhsiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_ud-Darajat" title="Rafi ud-Darajat">Rafi ud-Darajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_II" title="Shah Jahan II">Shah Jahan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur" title="Ahmad Shah Bahadur">Ahmad Shah Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_II" title="Alamgir II">Alamgir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_III" title="Shah Jahan III">Shah Jahan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Shah Bahadur">Shah Jahan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_II" title="Akbar II">Akbar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_family_tree" title="Timurid family tree">family tree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Economy of the Mughal Empire">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Mughal Empire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Foreign relations of the Mughal Empire">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Government of the Mughal Empire">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Army of the Mughal Empire">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_artillery" title="Mughal artillery">Mughal artillery</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Provinces" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Provinces</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Subah" title="Agra Subah">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Subah" title="Ajmer Subah">Ajmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadh_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Awadh Subah">Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berar_Subah" title="Berar Subah">Berar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Subah" title="Bihar Subah">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Subah" title="Gujarat Subah">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi Subah">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Subah" title="Hyderabad Subah">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Subah">Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_Subah" title="Malwa Subah">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Multan" title="Subah of Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sira_Subah" title="Sira Subah">Sira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Rajput_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Rajput wars">Mughal-Rajput wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_conquest_of_Malwa" title="Mughal conquest of Malwa">Mughal conquest of Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar%27s_conquest_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbar's conquest of Gujarat">Gujarat conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_war_(1622%E2%80%931623)" title="Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)">Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_war_(1649%E2%80%931653)" title="Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)">Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokula#Battle_of_Tilpat" title="Gokula">Suppression of Tilpat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahom%E2%80%93Mughal_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahom–Mughal conflicts">Ahom–Mughal conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet%E2%80%93Ladakh%E2%80%93Mughal_war" title="Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war">Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Maratha_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Maratha wars">Mughal–Maratha wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child%27s_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Child's war">Child's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_wars" title="Carnatic wars">Carnatic wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal war">Bengal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_between_Mughals_and_Sikhs" title="List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs">Mughal–Sikh wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts" title="Mughal–Portuguese conflicts">Mughal–Portuguese conflicts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agra" title="Battle of Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badli-ki-Serai" title="Battle of Badli-ki-Serai">Badli-ki-Serai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhuchar_Mori" title="Battle of Bhuchar Mori">Bhuchar Mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chanderi" title="Battle of Chanderi">Chanderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chausa" title="Battle of Chausa">Chausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghaghra" title="Battle of Ghaghra">Ghagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haldighati" title="Battle of Haldighati">Haldighati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karnal" title="Battle of Karnal">Karnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khajwa" title="Battle of Khajwa">Khajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwa" title="Battle of Khanwa">Khanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najafgarh" title="Battle of Najafgarh">Najafgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1526)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Second Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1556)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1761)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raj_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Raj Mahal">Raj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samugarh" title="Battle of Samugarh">Samugarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirhind_(1555)" title="Battle of Sirhind (1555)">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1567)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1567)">Thanesar (1567)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1710)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1710)">Thanesar (1710)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tukaroi" title="Battle of Tukaroi">Tukaroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Bakla" title="Conquest of Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Bhulua" title="Conquest of Bhulua">Bhulua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bijapur" title="Siege of Bijapur">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chittorgarh_(1567%E2%80%931568)" title="Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daman_(1638%E2%80%931639)" title="Siege of Daman (1638–1639)">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daulatabad_(1633)" title="Siege of Daulatabad (1633)">Daulatabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Golconda" title="Siege of Golconda">Golconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hooghly" title="Siege of Hooghly">Hooghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jinji" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jinji">Jinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kandahar_(1605%E2%80%9306)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Kandahar (1605–06)">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Purandhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Purandhar">Purandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ranthambore_(1568)" title="Siege of Ranthambore (1568)">Ranthambore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sambhal" title="Siege of Sambhal">Sambhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan#Baro-Bhuiyans_of_Bengal" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isa Khan">Isa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Usman" title="Khwaja Usman">Khwaja Usman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayazid_of_Sylhet" title="Bayazid of Sylhet">Bayazid of Sylhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Khan_of_Bengal" title="Musa Khan of Bengal">Musa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapaditya" title="Pratapaditya">Pratapaditya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Lodi">Ibrahim Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Sanga" title="Rana Sanga">Rana Sanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu" title="Hemu">Hemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap" title="Maharana Pratap">Maharana Pratap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ambar" title="Malik Ambar">Malik Ambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokula" title="Gokula">Gokula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaji" title="Shivaji">Shivaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachit_Borphukan" title="Lachit Borphukan">Lachit Borphukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Khattak" title="Khushal Khattak">Khushal Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Child,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Child, 1st Baronet">Josiah Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Every" title="Henry Every">Henry Every</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajirao_I" title="Bajirao I">Bajirao I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Munro,_8th_laird_of_Novar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Munro, 8th laird of Novar">Hector Munro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Fort" title="Agra Fort">Agra Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalbagh_Fort" title="Lalbagh Fort">Lalbagh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir_Mahal,_Orchha" title="Jahangir Mahal, Orchha">Jahangir Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheesh_Mahal_(Lahore_Fort)" title="Sheesh Mahal (Lahore Fort)">Sheesh Mahal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_mosques" title="Category:Mughal mosques">Mosques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_Mosque,_Aurangabad" title="Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad">Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid (Delhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawk_Mosque" title="Chawk Mosque">Chawk Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunehri_Masjid,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunehri Masjid, Lahore">Sunehri Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_tombs" title="Category:Mughal tombs">Tombs and mausoleums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Akbar the Great">Akbar's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara" title="Bibi Ka Maqbara">Bibi Ka Maqbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Babur" title="Gardens of Babur">Gardens of Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb" title="Humayun's Tomb">Humayun's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Jahangir's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Salim_Chishti" title="Tomb of Salim Chishti">Tomb of Salim Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Aurangzeb" title="Tomb of Aurangzeb">Tomb of Aurangzeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nur_Jahan" title="Tomb of Nur Jahan">Tomb of Nur Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tombs_of_Mughal_Empire" title="List of tombs of Mughal Empire">List of tombs of Mughal Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achabal_Gardens" title="Achabal Gardens">Achabal Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Bridge,_Jaunpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur">Shahi Bridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_architecture" title="Category:Mughal architecture">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_clothing" title="Mughal clothing">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian language in South Asia">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_painting" title="Mughal painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persians_in_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Persians in the Mughal Empire">Persian Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal tribe">Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_weapons" title="Mughal weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Foreign relations of the Mughal Empire">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a> (<i>interrupted</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajputana" title="Rajputana">Rajput states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat people">Jats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal_and_Murshidabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawabs of Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Nizam of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic state">Carnatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" 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