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<span>Current usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Subahs_of_the_Mughal_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Subahs_of_the_Mughal_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of Subahs of the Mughal Empire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_Subahs_of_the_Mughal_Empire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of Subahs of the Mughal Empire subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_Subahs_of_the_Mughal_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Akbar's_original_twelve_subahs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akbar's_original_twelve_subahs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Akbar's original twelve <i>subahs</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akbar's_original_twelve_subahs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subahs_added_after_1593" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subahs_added_after_1593"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>Subahs</i> added after 1593</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subahs_added_after_1593-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="صوبة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="सूबा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सूबा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subah" title="Subah – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Subah" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subah_(Provinz)" title="Subah (Provinz) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Subah (Provinz)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub%C3%A1" title="Subá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Subá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="صوبه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صوبه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subah" title="Subah – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Subah" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%B0%94_(%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95_%EA%B5%AC%EC%97%AD)" title="수바 (행정 구역) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수바 (행정 구역)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subahas" title="Subahas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Subahas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szubah" title="Szubah – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szubah" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suba_(viloyat)" title="Suba (viloyat) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suba (viloyat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸੂਬਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੂਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub%C3%A1" title="Subá – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Subá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Суба (провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суба (провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="சுபா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுபா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Суба (провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суба (провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Term used for a province in the Mughal Empire</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Subah_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Subah (disambiguation)">Subah (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>A <i><b>Subah</b></i> is a term for a <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a> or <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">state</a> in several <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">South Asian languages</a>. It was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> to refer to its subdivisions or provinces; and was also adopted by other polities of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. The word is derived from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. The governor/ruler of a <i>Subah</i> was known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Subahdar" title="Subahdar">subahdar</a></i> (sometimes also referred to as a "<i>Subeh</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), which later became <i><a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">subedar</a></i> to refer to an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistani</a> armies. The <i>subahs</i> were established by <a href="/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah">Padishah</a> (emperor) <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> during his administrative reforms of the years 1572–1580; initially, they numbered 12, but his conquests expanded the number of <i>subahs</i> to 15 by the end of his reign. <i>Subahs</i> were divided into <i><a href="/wiki/Sarkar_(administrative_division)" title="Sarkar (administrative division)">Sarkars</a></i>, or districts. <i>Sarkars</i> were further divided into <i><a href="/wiki/Pargana" title="Pargana">Parganas</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Mohalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohalla">Mahals</a></i>. His successors, most notably <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, expanded the number of <i>subahs</i> further through their conquests. As the empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many <i>subahs</i> became <i>de facto</i> independent or came under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Marathas</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty#India" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>. </p><p>In the modern context, <i>subah</i> (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">صوبہ</span>) is used in several <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Pakistani languages</a> (most notably <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>) to refer to a <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a> of Pakistan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, after the administrative reforms of <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal empire">Mughal empire</a> was divided into 12 subahs: Kabul, Lahore, Multan, Delhi, Agra, Avadh, Illahabad, Bihar, Bangal, Malwa, Ajmer and Gujarat. After the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a>, he created three more subahs there: Berar, Khandesh (initially renamed Dandesh in 1601) and Ahmadnagar (in 1636 renamed as Daulatabad and subsequently as Aurangabad). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> increased the number of subahs to 17 during his reign; Orissa being carved out of Bangal in 1607. The number of subahs increased to 22 under <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mahajan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahajan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 8th regnal year, Shah Jahan separated the <i>sarkar</i> of Telangana from Berar and made it into a separate subah. In 1657, it was merged with Zafarabad Bidar subah. Agra was renamed Akbarabad in 1629 and Delhi became Shahjahanbad in 1648.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kashmir was carved out of Kabul, Thatta (Sindh) out of Multan, and Bidar out of Ahmadnagar. For some time Qandahar was a separate subah under the Mughal Empire but it was lost to Persia in 1648. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> added Bijapur (1686), <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Sira" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Sira">Sira</a> (1687)<sup id="cite_ref-igimc-175-176_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igimc-175-176-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Golkonda_Suba" class="mw-redirect" title="Golkonda Suba">Golkonda</a> (1687) as new subahs. There were 22 subahs during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-mahajan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahajan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were Kabul, Kashmir, Lahore, Multan, Delhi, Agra, Avadh, Illahabad, Bihar, Bangalah, Orissa, Malwa, Ajmer, Gujarat, Berar, Khandesh, Aurangabad, Bidar, Thatta, Bijapur, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Sira" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Sira">Sira</a><sup id="cite_ref-igimc-175-176_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igimc-175-176-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Haidarabad (Golkonda).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> made Arcot a Mughal subah in 1692. </p><p>During the Mughal Empire, the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab region</a> consisted of three subahs: Lahore, Multan, and parts of Delhi subah.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> (1799–1849), originating in the Punjab region, also used the term <i>Suba</i> for the provinces it administered under its territorial delineation, of which there were five.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_usage">Current usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In modern usage in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> language, the term is used as a word for <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>, while the word <i><a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">riyasat</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ریاست</span></span>, "princely state" in English) is used for <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">(federated) state</a>. The terminologies are based on the administrative structure of <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">British India</a> which was partially derived from the Mughal administrative structure. In modern times, the term <i>subah</i> is mainly used in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, where its four <a href="/wiki/Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces">provinces</a> are called "Subah" in the <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Subahs_of_the_Mughal_Empire">List of Subahs of the Mughal Empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of Subahs of the Mughal Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akbar's_original_twelve_subahs"><span id="Akbar.27s_original_twelve_subahs"></span>Akbar's original twelve <i>subahs</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Akbar's original twelve subahs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The twelve subahs created as a result of the administrative reform by Akbar(Mughal Emperor): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:80%; text-align:left" border="1" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Subah </th> <th>Capital(s) </th> <th>Year of establishment </th> <th>Year of disestablishment </th> <th>Cause of disestablishment </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabul_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabul Subah">Kabul Subah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mughal_Kashmir" title="Mughal Kashmir">Kashmir Sarkar</a> added in 1586) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> </td> <td>1580 </td> <td>26 November 1738 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khyber_Pass_(1738)" title="Battle of Khyber Pass (1738)">Battle of Khyber Pass</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Lahore" title="Subah of Lahore">Lahore Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> </td> <td>1580 </td> <td>15 September 1758 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Multan" title="Subah of Multan">Multan Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a> </td> <td>1580 </td> <td>1756 </td> <td>Captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Subah" title="Ajmer Subah">Ajmer Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a> </td> <td>1580 </td> <td>1758 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Jayappaji_Rao_Scindia" title="Jayappaji Rao Scindia">Jayappaji Rao Scindia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ram_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Ram Singh of Marwar">Ram Singh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Subah" title="Gujarat Subah">Gujarat Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a> </td> <td>1573 </td> <td>February 1758 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Damaji_Rao_Gaekwad" title="Damaji Rao Gaekwad">Damaji Rao Gaekwad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_Delhi#Mughal_Rule" title="History of Delhi">Delhi Subah</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/History_of_Delhi#Mughal_Rule" title="History of Delhi">Shahjahanabad Subah</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Delhi" title="Old Delhi">Delhi</a> </td> <td>1580 </td> <td>21 September 1857 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/George_Anson_(British_Army_officer,_born_1797)" title="George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797)">George Anson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agra_Subah" title="Agra Subah">Agra Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> </td> <td>1580 </td> <td>12 June 1761 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Suraj_Mal" title="Suraj Mal">Suraj Mal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malwa_Subah" title="Malwa Subah">Malwa Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a> </td> <td>1568 </td> <td>24 December 1737 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Bajirao_I" title="Bajirao I">Bajirao I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balaji_Baji_Rao" title="Balaji Baji Rao">Balaji Baji Rao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oudh_State" title="Oudh State">Awadh Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> </td> <td>1572 </td> <td>26 January 1722 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Saadat_Ali_Khan_I" title="Saadat Ali Khan I">Saadat Ali Khan I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illahabad_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Illahabad Subah">Illahabad Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Illahabad</a> </td> <td>1580 </td> <td>1772 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Tukoji_Rao_Holkar" title="Tukoji Rao Holkar">Tukoji Rao Holkar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visaji_Krushna_Biniwale" title="Visaji Krushna Biniwale">Visaji Krushna Biniwale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Subah" title="Bihar Subah">Bihar Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a> </td> <td>1576 </td> <td>16 August 1765 </td> <td>Merged into Bengal Subah<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal Subah</a> </td> <td>Tanda (1574–95)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rajmahal" title="Rajmahal">Rajmahal</a> (1595–1610, 1639–59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> (1610–1639, 1660–1703)<br /><a href="/wiki/Murshidabad" title="Murshidabad">Murshidabad</a> (1703–72) </td> <td>12 July 1576 </td> <td>16 August 1765 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Hector_Munro,_8th_Laird_of_Novar" title="Hector Munro, 8th Laird of Novar">Hector Munro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subahs_added_after_1593"><i>Subahs</i> added after 1593</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subahs added after 1593"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>subahs</i> which added later were (with dates established): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:80%; text-align:left" border="1" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Subah </th> <th>Capital </th> <th>Year of establishment </th> <th>Year of disestablishment </th> <th>Cause of disestablishment </th> <th>Emperor </th></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sind_State" title="Sind State">Thatta Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta">Thatta</a> </td> <td>28 March 1593 </td> <td>1737 </td> <td>Seceded under <a href="/wiki/Noor_Mohammad_Kalhoro" title="Noor Mohammad Kalhoro">Noor Mohammad Kalhoro</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berar_Subah" title="Berar Subah">Berar Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Achalpur" title="Achalpur">Ellichpur</a> </td> <td>1596 </td> <td>11 October 1724 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Nizam-ul-Mulk,_Asaf_Jah_I" title="Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I">Asaf Jah I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khandesh#Mughal_rule" title="Khandesh">Khandesh Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burhanpur" title="Burhanpur">Burhanpur</a> </td> <td>17 January 1601 </td> <td>1760 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Balaji_Baji_Rao" title="Balaji Baji Rao">Balaji Baji Rao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadnagar Subah">Ahmadnagar Subah</a><br />(renamed <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Daulatabad, Maharashtra">Daulatabad</a> in 1636)<br />(further renamed <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurangabad, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmadnagar</a> (1601–1636)<br /><a href="/wiki/Daulatabad,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Daulatabad, Maharashtra">Daulatabad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurangabad, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a> </td> <td>July 1600<br />(conquest completed in June 1636) </td> <td>1724 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Nizam-ul-Mulk,_Asaf_Jah_I" title="Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I">Asaf Jah I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa Subah">Orissa Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a> </td> <td>1605 </td> <td>March 1751 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Raghoji_I_of_Nagpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghoji I of Nagpur">Raghoji Bhonsle I</a> </td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_Telangana#Mughal_conquest_and_rule" title="History of Telangana">Telangana Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanded" title="Nanded">Nanded</a> </td> <td>1636 </td> <td>1657 </td> <td>Merged into Bidar Subah </td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qandahar_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qandahar Subah">Qandahar Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qandahar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qandahar">Qandahar</a> </td> <td>1638 </td> <td>1648 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Abbas_II_of_Persia" title="Abbas II of Persia">Abbas II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Kashmir" title="Mughal Kashmir">Kashmir Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> </td> <td>1648 </td> <td>1752 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkh Subah">Balkh Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> </td> <td>1646 </td> <td>1647 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_Khan_(Bukhara)" title="Abd al-Aziz Khan (Bukhara)">Abd al-Aziz Khan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Badakhshan Subah">Badakhshan Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Qunduz</a> </td> <td>1646 </td> <td>1647 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_Khan_(Bukhara)" title="Abd al-Aziz Khan (Bukhara)">Abd al-Aziz Khan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bidar#Early_modern_period" title="History of Bidar">Bidar Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a> </td> <td>1656 </td> <td>11 October 1724 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Nizam-ul-Mulk,_Asaf_Jah_I" title="Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I">Asaf Jah I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bijapur#Bahmani_and_Bijapur_Sultanates" title="Bijapur">Bijapur Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bijapur" title="Bijapur">Bijapur</a> </td> <td>1684 </td> <td>31 July 1724 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Nizam-ul-Mulk,_Asaf_Jah_I" title="Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I">Asaf Jah I</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golkonda_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Golkonda Subah">Golkonda Subah</a> (later Hyderabad) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> </td> <td>12 September 1687 </td> <td>31 July 1724 </td> <td>Seceded under <a href="/wiki/Nizam-ul-Mulk,_Asaf_Jah_I" title="Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I">Asaf Jah I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sira_Subah" title="Sira Subah">Sira Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sira,_Karnataka" title="Sira, Karnataka">Sira</a> </td> <td>1687 </td> <td>1766 </td> <td>Captured by <a href="/wiki/Madhavrao_I" title="Madhavrao I">Madhavrao I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Sultanate" title="Carnatic Sultanate">Arcot Subah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gingee" title="Gingee">Gingee</a> </td> <td>1692 </td> <td>1710 </td> <td>Seceded under <a href="/wiki/Saadatullah_Khan_I" title="Saadatullah Khan I">Saadatullah Khan I</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Subahs of the Mughal Empire</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> </ul></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindoostan,_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree,%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas,_1815_North_max_size.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_North_max_size.jpg/220px-Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_North_max_size.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_North_max_size.jpg/330px-Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_North_max_size.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_North_max_size.jpg/440px-Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_North_max_size.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption>Subahs of the Mughal Empire (North India)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindoostan,_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree,%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas,_1815_South_max.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_South_max.jpg/220px-Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_South_max.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_South_max.jpg/330px-Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_South_max.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_South_max.jpg/440px-Hindoostan%2C_divided_into_Soubahs_according_to_the_Ayin_Acbaree%2C%22_a_historical_map_of_Akbar%27s_India_from_Wilkinson%27s_Atlas%2C_1815_South_max.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="1655" /></a><figcaption>Subahs of the Mughal Empire (South India)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Administrative divisions of India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFy_George_Clifford_Whitworth2016" class="citation book cs1">y George Clifford Whitworth (2016). <i>An Anglo-indian Dictionary: A Glossary Of Indian Terms Used In English, And Of Such English Or Other Non-indian Terms As Have Obtained Special Meanings In India</i>. Palala Press. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1354764114" title="Special:BookSources/978-1354764114"><bdi>978-1354764114</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anglo-indian+Dictionary%3A+A+Glossary+Of+Indian+Terms+Used+In+English%2C+And+Of+Such+English+Or+Other+Non-indian+Terms+As+Have+Obtained+Special+Meanings+In+India&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Palala+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1354764114&rft.au=y+George+Clifford+Whitworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mahajan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mahajan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mahajan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). <i>History of Medieval India</i>, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-219-0364-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-219-0364-5">81-219-0364-5</a>, p.236n</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Habib, I (2003). <i>The Agrarian System of Mughal India 1556-1707</i>, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-565595-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-565595-8">0-19-565595-8</a>, pp.8n, 451</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-igimc-175-176-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-igimc-175-176_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igimc-175-176_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFImperial_Gazetteer_of_India:_Provincial_Series1908">Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series 1908</a>, pp. 175–176<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFImperial_Gazetteer_of_India:_Provincial_Series1908 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Habib, I (2003). <i>The Agrarian System of Mughal India 1556-1707</i>, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-565595-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-565595-8">0-19-565595-8</a>, p.4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahi2013" class="citation book cs1">Wahi, Tripta (2013). <i>Irrigation, State and Society in Pre-colonial India</i>. Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789383650002" title="Special:BookSources/9789383650002"><bdi>9789383650002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irrigation%2C+State+and+Society+in+Pre-colonial+India&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Nehru+Memorial+Museum+and+Library&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789383650002&rft.aulast=Wahi&rft.aufirst=Tripta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerrli1993" class="citation book cs1">Herrli, Hans (1993). <i>The Coins of the Sikhs</i>. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coins+of+the+Sikhs&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Herrli&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha1974" class="citation book cs1">Sinha, Surendra Nath (1974). <i>Subah of Allahabad Under the Great Mughals, 1580-1707</i>. Jamia Millia Islamia. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780883866030" title="Special:BookSources/9780883866030"><bdi>9780883866030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subah+of+Allahabad+Under+the+Great+Mughals%2C+1580-1707&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Jamia+Millia+Islamia&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780883866030&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=Surendra+Nath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VuP7EAAAQBAJ"><i>Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar: 1733-1820</i></a>. Brill's Indological Library. Brill. 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-64474-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-64474-8"><bdi>978-90-04-64474-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchants%2C+Politics+and+Society+in+Early+Modern+India%3A+Bihar%3A+1733-1820&rft.series=Brill%27s+Indological+Library&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-90-04-64474-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVuP7EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Keay, John (2000). <i>India: a History</i>. Grove Press, New York.</li> <li>Markovits, Claude (ed.) (2004). <i>A History of Modern India: 1480–1950</i>. Anthem Press, London.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subah&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoltz1996" class="citation journal cs1">Foltz, Richard (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/7/1/49/737290?searchresult=1">"The Mughal Occupation of Balkh 1646–1647"</a>. <i>Journal of Islamic Studies</i>. <b>7</b> (1). Oxford University Press: 49–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjis%2F7.1.49">10.1093/jis/7.1.49</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Islamic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Mughal+Occupation+of+Balkh+1646%E2%80%931647&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-61&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjis%2F7.1.49&rft.aulast=Foltz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fjis%2Farticle%2F7%2F1%2F49%2F737290%3Fsearchresult%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubah" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subah&oldid=1259759190">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subah&oldid=1259759190</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_subahs" title="Category:Mughal subahs">Mughal subahs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Category:Subdivisions of the Mughal Empire">Subdivisions of the Mughal Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Category:Types of administrative division">Types of administrative division</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urdu-language_words_and_phrases" title="Category:Urdu-language words and phrases">Urdu-language words and phrases</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Urdu-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Urdu-language text">Articles containing Urdu-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 22:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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