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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Causes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Causes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hormones_and_genes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hormones_and_genes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hormones and genes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hormones_and_genes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metabolic_syndrome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolic_syndrome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Metabolic syndrome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metabolic_syndrome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Treatment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Combination_therapy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combination_therapy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Combination therapy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combination_therapy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Androgen-dependent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Androgen-dependent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Androgen-dependent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Androgen-dependent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Androgen-independent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Androgen-independent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Androgen-independent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Androgen-independent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Female_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Female pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Procedures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technological_treatments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technological_treatments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Technological treatments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technological_treatments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low-level_laser_therapy_(LLLT)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-level_laser_therapy_(LLLT)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-level_laser_therapy_(LLLT)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platelet-rich_plasma_(PRP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platelet-rich_plasma_(PRP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platelet-rich_plasma_(PRP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_therapies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_therapies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Alternative therapies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_therapies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prognosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prognosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Prognosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prognosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Epidemiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Myths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Myths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weight_training_and_other_types_of_physical_activity_cause_baldness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weight_training_and_other_types_of_physical_activity_cause_baldness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Weight training and other types of physical activity cause baldness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weight_training_and_other_types_of_physical_activity_cause_baldness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baldness_can_be_caused_by_emotional_stress,_sleep_deprivation,_etc." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baldness_can_be_caused_by_emotional_stress,_sleep_deprivation,_etc."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Baldness can be caused by emotional stress, sleep deprivation, etc.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baldness_can_be_caused_by_emotional_stress,_sleep_deprivation,_etc.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bald_men_are_more_'virile'_or_sexually_active_than_others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bald_men_are_more_'virile'_or_sexually_active_than_others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Bald men are more 'virile' or sexually active than others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bald_men_are_more_'virile'_or_sexually_active_than_others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pattern hair loss</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84" title="ثعلبة ذكرية الشكل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثعلبة ذكرية الشكل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alop%C3%A8cia_androg%C3%A8nica" title="Alopècia androgènica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alopècia androgènica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A8da" title="Plèda – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Plèda" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia_androg%C3%A9nica" title="Alopecia androgénica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alopecia androgénica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopezia_androgeniko" title="Alopezia androgeniko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alopezia androgeniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ریزش موی آندروژنیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریزش موی آندروژنیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoile_andraigineach" title="Maoile andraigineach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maoile andraigineach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia_androxen%C3%A9tica" title="Alopecia androxenética – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alopecia androxenética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebotakan_rambut_berpola" title="Kebotakan rambut berpola – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebotakan rambut berpola" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia_androgenetica" title="Alopecia androgenetica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alopecia androgenetica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="കഷണ്ടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കഷണ്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia_androgenetica" title="Alopecia androgenetica – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alopecia androgenetica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E5%9E%8B%E8%84%B1%E6%AF%9B%E7%97%87" title="男性型脱毛症 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="男性型脱毛症" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannlig_h%C3%A5rtap" title="Mannlig hårtap – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mannlig hårtap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80" title="ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ କେଶହାନୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ କେଶହାନୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ysienie_androgenowe" title="Łysienie androgenowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łysienie androgenowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia_androgen%C3%A9tica" title="Alopecia androgenética – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alopecia androgenética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manligt_h%C3%A5ravfall" title="Manligt håravfall – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manligt håravfall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Андрогенетична алопеція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андрогенетична алопеція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%B3%DB%92_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بالوں کا خاص طرز سے 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Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pattern+hair+loss%22">"Pattern hair loss"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pattern+hair+loss%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pattern+hair+loss%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pattern+hair+loss%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pattern+hair+loss%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pattern+hair+loss%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2025</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/60px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/120px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Pattern hair loss</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Male pattern baldness;<br />female pattern baldness;<br />androgenic alopecia;<br />androgenetic alopecia;<br /> alopecia androgenetica</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male-pattern_hair_loss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Male-pattern_hair_loss.jpg/200px-Male-pattern_hair_loss.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Male-pattern_hair_loss.jpg/300px-Male-pattern_hair_loss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Male-pattern_hair_loss.jpg/400px-Male-pattern_hair_loss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Male-pattern hair loss shown on the vertex of the scalp</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">plastic surgery</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Pattern hair loss</b> (also known as <b>androgenetic alopecia</b> (<b>AGA</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">hair loss</a> condition that primarily affects the top and front of the <a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">scalp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Var2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <b>male-pattern hair loss</b> (<b>MPHL</b>), the hair loss typically presents itself as either a receding front hairline, loss of hair on the <a href="/wiki/Crown_(anatomy)" title="Crown (anatomy)">crown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vertex_(anatomy)" title="Vertex (anatomy)">vertex</a> of the scalp, or a combination of both. <b>Female-pattern hair loss</b> (<b>FPHL</b>) typically presents as a diffuse thinning of the hair across the entire scalp.<sup id="cite_ref-Var2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The condition is caused by a combination of male sex hormones (balding never occurs in <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castrated</a> men) and genetic factors.<sup id="cite_ref-Randall_2012_pp._154–176_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Randall_2012_pp._154–176-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some research has found evidence for the role of oxidative stress in hair loss,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34668238_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34668238-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Human_microbiome" title="Human microbiome">microbiome</a> of the scalp,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> genetics, and circulating <a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">androgens</a>; particularly <a href="/wiki/Dihydrotestosterone" title="Dihydrotestosterone">dihydrotestosterone</a> (DHT).<sup id="cite_ref-Var2015_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men with early onset androgenic alopecia (before the age of 35) have been deemed the male <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypic</a> equivalent for <a href="/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome" title="Polycystic ovary syndrome">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prematpcos_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prematpcos-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cause in female pattern hair loss remains unclear;<sup id="cite_ref-Var2015_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> androgenetic alopecia for women is associated with an increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome" title="Polycystic ovary syndrome">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Management may include simply accepting the condition<sup id="cite_ref-Var2015_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Head_shaving" title="Head shaving">shaving one's head</a> to improve the aesthetic aspect of the condition.<sup id="cite_ref-ShaveHead_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShaveHead-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otherwise, common medical treatments include <a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">minoxidil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">finasteride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">dutasteride</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hair_transplant_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair transplant surgery">hair transplant surgery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Var2015_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of finasteride and dutasteride in women is not well-studied and may result in <a href="/wiki/Congenital_abnormalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital abnormalities">birth defects</a> if taken during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-Var2015_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the age of 50, pattern hair loss affects about half of males and a quarter of females.<sup id="cite_ref-Var2015_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most common cause of <a href="/wiki/Baldness" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldness">hair loss</a>. Both males aged 40–91<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and younger male patients of early onset AGA (before the age of 35) had a higher likelihood of <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a> (MetS)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and insulin resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With younger males, studies found metabolic syndrome to be at approximately a 4× increased frequency, which is deemed clinically significant.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abdominal obesity, hypertension, and lowered high density lipoprotein were also significantly higher for younger groups.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Skin.png/220px-Skin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Skin.png/330px-Skin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Skin.png/440px-Skin.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">Hair follicle</a> and mesenchymal dermal papilla, labelled at top</figcaption></figure> <p>Pattern hair loss is classified as a form of non-scarring hair loss.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Male-pattern hair loss begins above the <a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">temples</a> and at the vertex (<a href="/wiki/Calvaria_(skull)" title="Calvaria (skull)">calvaria</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">scalp</a>. As it progresses, a rim of hair at the sides and rear of the head remains. This has been referred to as a "<a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocratic</a> wreath" and very rarely progresses to complete baldness.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Female-pattern hair loss more often causes diffuse thinning without hairline recession; similar to its male counterpart, female androgenic alopecia rarely leads to <a href="/wiki/Alopecia_totalis" title="Alopecia totalis">total hair loss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_scale" title="Ludwig scale">Ludwig scale</a> grades severity of female-pattern hair loss. These include Grades 1, 2, 3 of balding in women based on their scalp showing in the front due to thinning of hair.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinh_Sinclair_2006_p._27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinh_Sinclair_2006_p.-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most cases, receding <a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">hairline</a> is the first starting point; the hairline starts moving backwards from the front of the head and the sides.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cause of pattern hair loss is not yet fully understood. It appears to be the result of genetic changes that make the activity of hair follicles on the scalp become sensitive to the presence of <a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">androgenic</a> hormones, <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a>, and proteins such as <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor" title="Insulin-like growth factor">insulin-like growth factor</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hormones_and_genes">Hormones and genes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hormones and genes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/KRT37" title="KRT37">KRT37</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> that is regulated by androgens.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15086535_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15086535-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This sensitivity to androgens was acquired by <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i> and is not shared with their great ape cousins. Although Winter et al. found that KRT37 is expressed in all the hair follices of chimpanzees, it was not detected in the head hair of modern humans. As androgens are known to grow hair on the body but decrease it on the scalp, this lack of scalp KRT37 may help explain the paradoxical nature of Androgenic alopecia as well as the fact that head hair anagen cycles are extremely long.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15086535_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15086535-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although it is generally accepted that male pattern baldness follows a pattern of <a href="/wiki/Autosomal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal">autosomal</a> dominant inheritance, more recent research has shown that approximately 80% of bald men have bald <a href="/wiki/Father" title="Father">fathers</a>. This is greater than would be expected if pattern balding were a purely autosomal trait, and may suggest that there is an important <a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">paternal</a> route of inheritance, either through a <a href="/wiki/Y-chromosome" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-chromosome">Y-chromosome</a> gene or a <a href="/wiki/Genomic_imprinting" title="Genomic imprinting">paternal imprinting</a> effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Trüeb_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trüeb-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WNTPathway.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/WNTPathway.png/220px-WNTPathway.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="481" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/WNTPathway.png 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>Androgens can interact with the <a href="/wiki/Wnt_signalling_pathway" class="mw-redirect" title="Wnt signalling pathway">Wnt signalling pathway</a> to cause hair loss</figcaption></figure> <p>The initial programming of <a href="/wiki/Pilosebaceous_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilosebaceous units">pilosebaceous units</a> of hair follicles begins <i>in utero</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physiology is primarily <a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">androgenic</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Dihydrotestosterone" title="Dihydrotestosterone">dihydrotestosterone</a> (DHT) being the major contributor at the <a href="/wiki/Dermal_papillae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermal papillae">dermal papillae</a>. Men with premature androgenic <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alopecia" class="extiw" title="wikt:alopecia">alopecia</a> tend to have lower than normal values of <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin" title="Sex hormone-binding globulin">sex hormone-binding globulin</a> (SHBG), <a href="/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Follicle stimulating hormone">follicle stimulating hormone</a> (FSH), <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Epitestosterone" title="Epitestosterone">epitestosterone</a> when compared to men without pattern hair loss.<sup id="cite_ref-prematpcos_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prematpcos-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although hair follicles were previously thought to be permanently gone in areas of complete hair loss, they are more likely dormant, as recent studies have shown the scalp contains the <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cell</a> <a href="/wiki/Progenitor_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Progenitor cells">progenitor cells</a> from which the follicles arose.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (September 2018)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Transgenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgenesis">Transgenic studies</a> have shown that growth and dormancy of hair follicles are related to the activity of <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor" title="Insulin-like growth factor">insulin-like growth factor</a> (IGF) at the dermal papillae, which is affected by DHT. <a href="/wiki/Androgens" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgens">Androgens</a> are important in male sexual development around birth and at puberty. They regulate <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">sebaceous glands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apocrine_sweat_gland" title="Apocrine sweat gland">apocrine</a> hair growth, and libido. With increasing age, androgens stimulate hair growth on the face, but can suppress it at the temples and scalp vertex, a condition that has been referred to as the 'androgen paradox'.<sup id="cite_ref-paradox_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paradox-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Men with androgenic alopecia typically have higher <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="5α-reductase">5α-reductase</a>, higher total testosterone, higher unbound/free testosterone, and higher free androgens, including DHT.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5-alpha-reductase converts free testosterone into DHT, and is highest in the scalp and prostate gland. DHT is most commonly formed at the tissue level by 5α-reduction of testosterone.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genetic corollary that codes for this enzyme has been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prolactin" title="Prolactin">Prolactin</a> has also been suggested to have different effects on the hair follicle across gender.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also, crosstalk occurs between androgens and the <a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt-beta-catenin</a> signaling pathway that leads to hair loss. At the level of the somatic <a href="/wiki/Adult_stem_cell" title="Adult stem cell">stem cell</a>, androgens promote differentiation of facial hair dermal papillae, but inhibit it at the scalp.<sup id="cite_ref-paradox_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paradox-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other research suggests the <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2_synthase" title="Prostaglandin D2 synthase">prostaglandin D2 synthase</a> and its product <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">prostaglandin D2</a> (PGD2) in hair follicles as contributive.<sup id="cite_ref-Garza_et_al_2012_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garza_et_al_2012-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These observations have led to study at the level of the <a href="/wiki/Mesenchyme" title="Mesenchyme">mesenchymal</a> dermal papillae.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/5-alpha_reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="5-alpha reductase">Types 1 and 2 5α reductase enzymes</a> are present at <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">pilosebaceous units</a> in papillae of individual <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">hair follicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They catalyze formation of the androgen dihydrotestosterone from testosterone, which in turn regulate hair growth.<sup id="cite_ref-paradox_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paradox-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Androgens have different effects at different follicles: they stimulate <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">IGF-1</a> at facial hair, leading to growth, but can also stimulate <a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_1" title="TGF beta 1">TGF β1</a>, <a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_2" title="TGF beta 2">TGF β2</a>, <a href="/wiki/DKK1" title="DKK1">dickkopf1</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL-6</a> at the scalp, leading to <a href="/wiki/Catagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Catagen">catagenic</a> miniaturization.<sup id="cite_ref-paradox_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paradox-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hair follicles in <a href="/wiki/Anaphase" title="Anaphase">anaphase</a> express four different <a href="/wiki/Caspase" title="Caspase">caspases</a>. Significant levels of inflammatory infiltrate have been found in transitional hair follicles.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interleukin 1 is suspected to be a cytokine mediator that promotes hair loss.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fact that hair loss is cumulative with age while androgen levels fall as well as the fact that finasteride does not reverse advanced stages of androgenetic alopecia remains a mystery, but possible explanations are higher conversion of testosterone to DHT locally with age as higher levels of 5-alpha reductase are noted in balding scalp, and higher levels of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> damage in the dermal papilla as well as <a href="/wiki/Senescence" title="Senescence">senescence</a> of the dermal papilla due to androgen receptor activation and environmental stress.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metabolic_syndrome">Metabolic syndrome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Metabolic syndrome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multiple cross-sectional studies have found associations between early androgenic alopecia, <a href="/wiki/Insulin_resistance" title="Insulin resistance">insulin resistance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with low <a href="/wiki/High-density_lipoprotein" title="High-density lipoprotein">HDL</a> being the component of metabolic syndrome with highest association.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linolenic and linoleic acids, two major dietary sources of HDL, are <a href="/wiki/5_alpha_reductase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="5 alpha reductase inhibitor">5 alpha reductase inhibitors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fatty_acids_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fatty_acids-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Premature androgenic alopecia and insulin resistance may be a clinical constellation that represents the male homologue, or <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome" title="Polycystic ovary syndrome">polycystic ovary syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have found a higher rate of <a href="/wiki/Hyperinsulinemia" title="Hyperinsulinemia">hyperinsulinemia</a> in family members of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With early-onset AGA having an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, poorer metabolic profiles are noticed in those with AGA, including metrics for <a href="/wiki/Body_mass_index" title="Body mass index">body mass index</a>, waist circumference, <a href="/wiki/Fasting_glucose" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasting glucose">fasting glucose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blood_lipids" title="Blood lipids">blood lipids</a>, and blood pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In support of the association, finasteride improves glucose metabolism and decreases glycated hemoglobin <a href="/wiki/HbA1c" class="mw-redirect" title="HbA1c">HbA1c</a>, a surrogate marker for diabetes mellitus.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The low SHBG seen with premature androgenic alopecia is also associated with, and likely contributory to, insulin resistance,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for which it still is used as an assay for pediatric diabetes mellitus.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obesity leads to upregulation of insulin production and decrease in SHBG. Further reinforcing the relationship, SHBG is downregulated by <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a> <i>in vitro</i>, although SHBG levels do not appear to affect insulin production.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>In vivo</i>, insulin stimulates both testosterone production and SHBG inhibition in normal and obese men.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship between SHBG and insulin resistance has been known for some time; decades prior, ratios of SHBG and <a href="/wiki/Adiponectin" title="Adiponectin">adiponectin</a> were used before glucose to predict insulin resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patients with <a href="/wiki/Laron_syndrome" title="Laron syndrome">Laron syndrome</a>, with resultant deficient IGF, demonstrate varying degrees of alopecia and structural defects in hair follicles when examined microscopically.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15178913_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15178913-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of its association with metabolic syndrome and altered glucose metabolism, both men and women with early androgenic hair loss should be screened for impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus II.<sup id="cite_ref-prematpcos_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prematpcos-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Measurement of subcutaneous and visceral adipose stores by <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">MRI</a>, demonstrated inverse association between <a href="/wiki/Viscera" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscera">visceral</a> <a href="/wiki/Adipose" class="mw-redirect" title="Adipose">adipose</a> tissue and testosterone/DHT, while subcutaneous adipose correlated negatively with SHBG and positively with estrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SHBG association with fasting blood glucose is most dependent on intrahepatic fat, which can be measured by MRI in and out of phase imaging sequences. Serum indices of hepatic function and surrogate markers for diabetes, previously used, show less correlation with SHBG by comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Female patients with mineralocorticoid resistance present with androgenic alopecia.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid_17161335_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid_17161335-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IGF levels have been found lower in those with metabolic syndrome.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Circulating serum levels of <a href="/wiki/IGF-1" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF-1">IGF-1</a> are increased with vertex balding, although this study did not look at mRNA expression at the follicle itself.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10025745_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10025745-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Locally, IGF is mitogenic at the dermal papillae and promotes elongation of hair follicles. The major site of production of IGF is the liver, although local mRNA expression at hair follicles correlates with increase in hair growth. IGF release is stimulated by growth hormone (GH). Methods of increasing IGF include exercise, hypoglycemia, low fatty acids, deep sleep (stage IV <a href="/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep" title="Rapid eye movement sleep">REM</a>), <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogens</a>, and consumption of <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">arginine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">leucine</a>. Obesity and <a href="/wiki/Hyperglycemia" title="Hyperglycemia">hyperglycemia</a> inhibit its release. IGF also circulates in the blood bound to a large protein whose production is also dependent on GH. GH release is dependent on normal thyroid hormone. During the sixth decade of life, GH decreases in production. Because growth hormone is pulsatile and peaks during sleep, serum IGF is used as an index of overall growth hormone secretion. The surge of androgens at puberty drives an accompanying surge in growth hormone.<sup id="cite_ref-book_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expression of <a href="/wiki/Insulin_resistance" title="Insulin resistance">insulin resistance</a> and metabolic syndrome, AGA is related to being an increased risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, glucose metabolism disorders,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and enlargement of the <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age">Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of hormonal changes occur with aging: </p> <ol><li>Decrease in <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a></li> <li>Decrease in serum DHT and 5-alpha reductase</li> <li>Decrease 3AAG, a peripheral marker of DHT metabolism</li> <li>Increase in <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone_binding_globulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex hormone binding globulin">SHBG</a></li> <li>Decrease in androgen receptors, 5-alpha reductase type I and II activity, and aromatase in the scalp<sup id="cite_ref-Histology_and_Hormonal_Activity_In_Senescent_Thinning_in_Males_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Histology_and_Hormonal_Activity_In_Senescent_Thinning_in_Males-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>This decrease in androgens and androgen receptors, and the increase in SHBG are opposite the increase in androgenic alopecia with aging. This is not intuitive, as testosterone and its peripheral metabolite, DHT, accelerate hair loss, and SHBG is thought to be protective. The ratio of T/SHBG, DHT/SHBG decreases by as much as 80% by age 80, in numeric parallel to hair loss, and approximates the pharmacology of antiandrogens such as <a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">finasteride</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Percent_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Percent-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Free testosterone decreases in men by age 80 to levels double that of a woman at age 20. About 30% of normal male testosterone level, the approximate level in females, is not enough to induce alopecia; 60%, closer to the amount found in elderly men, is sufficient.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The testicular secretion of testosterone perhaps "sets the stage" for androgenic alopecia as a multifactorial <a href="/wiki/Diathesis_stress_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Diathesis stress model">diathesis stress model</a>, related to hormonal predisposition, environment, and age. Supplementing eunuchs with testosterone during their second decade, for example, causes slow progression of androgenic alopecia over many years, while testosterone late in life causes rapid hair loss within a month.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of premature age effect is <a href="/wiki/Werner%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Werner's syndrome">Werner's syndrome</a>, a condition of <a href="/wiki/Accelerated_aging_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Accelerated aging disease">accelerated aging</a> from low-fidelity copying of mRNA. Affected children display premature androgenic alopecia.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrews_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrews-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The diagnosis of androgenic alopecia can be usually established based on clinical presentation in men. In women, the diagnosis usually requires more complex diagnostic evaluation. Further evaluation of the differential requires exclusion of other causes of hair loss, and assessing for the typical progressive hair loss pattern of androgenic alopecia.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trichoscopy" title="Trichoscopy">Trichoscopy</a> can be used for further evaluation.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biopsy may be needed to exclude other causes of hair loss,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histology</a> would demonstrate perifollicular fibrosis.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hamilton%E2%80%93Norwood_scale" title="Hamilton–Norwood scale">Hamilton–Norwood scale</a> has been developed to grade androgenic alopecia in males by severity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss" title="Management of hair loss">Management of hair loss</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combination_therapy">Combination therapy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Combination therapy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Combinations of finasteride, minoxidil and ketoconazole are more effective than individual use.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Combination therapy of LLLT or microneedling with finasteride<sup id="cite_ref-Darwin_Heyes_Hirt_Wikramanayake_2017_pp._425–434_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darwin_Heyes_Hirt_Wikramanayake_2017_pp._425–434-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or minoxidil demonstrated substantive increases in hair count.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_Chen_Qu_Zhang_2020_p._82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou_Chen_Qu_Zhang_2020_p.-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Androgen-dependent">Androgen-dependent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Androgen-dependent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a> is a medication of the 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) class.<sup id="cite_ref-VarothaiBergfeld2014_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VarothaiBergfeld2014-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By inhibiting type II 5-AR, finasteride prevents the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in various tissues including the scalp.<sup id="cite_ref-VarothaiBergfeld2014_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VarothaiBergfeld2014-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yim2014_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yim2014-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increased hair on the scalp can be seen within three months of starting finasteride treatment and longer-term studies have demonstrated increased hair on the scalp at 24 and 48 months with continued use.<sup id="cite_ref-Yim2014_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yim2014-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment with finasteride more effectively treats male-pattern hair loss at the <a href="/wiki/Crown_(anatomy)" title="Crown (anatomy)">crown</a> than male-pattern hair loss at the front of the head and temples.<sup id="cite_ref-Yim2014_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yim2014-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a> is a medication in the same class as finasteride but inhibits both type I and type II 5-alpha reductase.<sup id="cite_ref-Yim2014_84-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yim2014-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutasteride is approved for the treatment of male-pattern hair loss in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, but not in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Yim2014_84-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yim2014-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is commonly used off-label to treat male-pattern hair loss.<sup id="cite_ref-Yim2014_84-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yim2014-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Androgen-independent">Androgen-independent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Androgen-independent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minoxidil dilates small blood vessels; it is not clear how this causes hair to grow.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other treatments include <a href="/wiki/Tretinoin" title="Tretinoin">tretinoin</a> combined with minoxidil, <a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">ketoconazole</a> shampoo, dermarolling (<a href="/wiki/Collagen_induction_therapy" title="Collagen induction therapy">Collagen induction therapy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers2008_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers2008-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">alfatradiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topilutamide" title="Topilutamide">topilutamide</a> (fluridil),<sup id="cite_ref-VarothaiBergfeld2014_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VarothaiBergfeld2014-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> topical <a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">melatonin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and intradermal and intramuscular <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">botulinum toxin</a> injections to the scalp.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Female_pattern">Female pattern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Female pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stages_of_Female_Pattern_Baldness.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Stages_of_Female_Pattern_Baldness.png/220px-Stages_of_Female_Pattern_Baldness.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Stages_of_Female_Pattern_Baldness.png/330px-Stages_of_Female_Pattern_Baldness.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Stages_of_Female_Pattern_Baldness.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="103" /></a><figcaption>Progressive stages of female pattern hair loss</figcaption></figure> <p>There is evidence supporting the use of minoxidil as a safe and effective treatment for female pattern hair loss, and there is no significant difference in efficiency between 2% and 5% formulations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finasteride was shown to be no more effective than placebo based on low-quality studies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effectiveness of laser-based therapies is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">antiandrogen</a>, is another option for the treatment of female pattern hair loss.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid35032336_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid35032336-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34668238_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34668238-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34741573_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34741573-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procedures">Procedures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More advanced cases may be resistant or unresponsive to medical therapy and require <a href="/wiki/Hair_transplantation" title="Hair transplantation">hair transplantation</a>. Naturally occurring units of one to four hairs, called <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">follicular units</a>, are excised and moved to areas of <a href="/wiki/Hair_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair restoration">hair restoration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers2008_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers2008-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These follicular units are surgically implanted in the scalp in close proximity and in large numbers. The grafts are obtained from either <a href="/wiki/Follicular_unit_transplantation" title="Follicular unit transplantation">follicular unit transplantation</a> (FUT) or <a href="/wiki/Follicular_unit_extraction" title="Follicular unit extraction">follicular unit extraction</a> (FUE). In the former, a strip of skin with follicular units is extracted and dissected into individual follicular unit grafts, and in the latter individual hairs are extracted manually or robotically. The surgeon then implants the grafts into small incisions, called recipient sites.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cosmetic scalp tattoos can also mimic the appearance of a short, buzzed haircut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technological_treatments">Technological treatments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Technological treatments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Low-level_laser_therapy_(LLLT)"><span id="Low-level_laser_therapy_.28LLLT.29"></span>Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Low-level_laser_therapy" title="Low-level laser therapy">Low-level laser therapy</a> or photobiomodulation is also referred to as red light therapy and cold laser therapy. It is a non-invasive treatment option.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>LLLT is shown to increase hair density and growth in both genders. The types of devices (hat, comb, helmet) and duration did not alter the effectiveness,<sup id="cite_ref-Liu_Liu_Chen_Chin_2019_pp._1063–1069_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu_Liu_Chen_Chin_2019_pp._1063–1069-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with more emphasis to be placed on lasers compared to LEDs.<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta_Carviel_2019_pp._643–647_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta_Carviel_2019_pp._643–647-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultraviolet and infrared light are more effective for alopecia areata, while red light and infrared light is more effective for androgenetic alopecia.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_Su_Ma_Fu_2022_pp._737–740_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang_Su_Ma_Fu_2022_pp._737–740-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medical reviews suggest that LLLT is as effective or potentially more than other non invasive and traditional therapies like minoxidil and finasteride but further studies such as RCTs, long term follow up studies, and larger double blinded trials need to be conducted to confirm the initial findings.<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta_Bamimore_Foley_2020_pp._62–72_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta_Bamimore_Foley_2020_pp._62–72-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Darwin_Heyes_Hirt_Wikramanayake_2017_pp._425–434_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darwin_Heyes_Hirt_Wikramanayake_2017_pp._425–434-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-S_P_Y_P_p._100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S_P_Y_P_p.-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Platelet-rich_plasma_(PRP)"><span id="Platelet-rich_plasma_.28PRP.29"></span>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Using ones own cells and tissues and without harsh side effects, PRP is beneficial for alopecia areata<sup id="cite_ref-Tejapira_Yongpisarn_Sakpuwadol_Suchonwanit_2022_p._101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tejapira_Yongpisarn_Sakpuwadol_Suchonwanit_2022_p.-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and androgenetic alopecia and can be used as an alternative to minoxidil or finasteride.<sup id="cite_ref-Gentile_Garcovich_2020_p=2702_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gentile_Garcovich_2020_p=2702-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been documented to improve hair density and thickness in both genders.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_Mwangi_Pope_Ivanic_2020_pp._498–511_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_Mwangi_Pope_Ivanic_2020_pp._498–511-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A minimum of 3 treatments, once a month for 3 months are recommended, and afterwards a 3-6 month period of continual appointments for maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta_Cole_Deutsch_Everts_2019_pp._1262–1273_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta_Cole_Deutsch_Everts_2019_pp._1262–1273-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factors that determine efficacy include amount of sessions, double versus single centrifugation, age and gender, and where the PRP is inserted.<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta_Bamimore_2022_pp._943–952_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta_Bamimore_2022_pp._943–952-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Future larger randomized controlled trials and other high quality studies are still recommended to be carried out and published for a stronger consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta_Bamimore_Foley_2020_pp._62–72_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta_Bamimore_Foley_2020_pp._62–72-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_Mwangi_Pope_Ivanic_2020_pp._498–511_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_Mwangi_Pope_Ivanic_2020_pp._498–511-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oth_Stene_Glineur_Vujovic_2018_pp._438–446_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oth_Stene_Glineur_Vujovic_2018_pp._438–446-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further development of a standardized practice for procedure is also recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-Tejapira_Yongpisarn_Sakpuwadol_Suchonwanit_2022_p._101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tejapira_Yongpisarn_Sakpuwadol_Suchonwanit_2022_p.-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_therapies">Alternative therapies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Alternative therapies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many people use unproven treatments.<sup id="cite_ref-Ban2013_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ban2013-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding female pattern alopecia, there is no evidence for <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</a>, minerals, or other dietary supplements.<sup id="cite_ref-Levy2013_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levy2013-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008, there is little evidence to support the use of lasers to treat male-pattern hair loss.<sup id="cite_ref-Roger2008_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger2008-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same applies to special lights.<sup id="cite_ref-Levy2013_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levy2013-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dietary supplements are not typically recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-Roger2008_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger2008-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2015 review found a growing number of papers in which plant extracts were studied but only one randomized controlled clinical trial, namely a study in 10 people of <a href="/wiki/Serenoa" title="Serenoa">saw palmetto extract</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2023 study on <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetically engineered</a> mice published in the journal <a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">PNAS</a> found that increasing production of a particular <a href="/wiki/MicroRNA" title="MicroRNA">microRNA</a> in hair follicle stem cells, which naturally harden with age, softened the cells and stimulated hair growth. The authors of the study said the next research step is to introduce the microRNA into the stem cells using <a href="/wiki/Nanoparticle" title="Nanoparticle">nanoparticles</a> applied directly to the skin, with the goal of developing a similar topical application for humans.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prognosis">Prognosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Prognosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Androgenic alopecia is typically experienced as a "moderately stressful condition that diminishes <a href="/wiki/Body_image" title="Body image">body image</a> satisfaction".<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, although most men regard baldness as an unwanted and distressing experience, they usually are able to cope and retain integrity of personality.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although baldness is not as common in women as in men, the psychological effects of hair loss tend to be much greater. Typically, the frontal hairline is preserved, but the density of hair is decreased on all areas of the scalp. Previously, it was believed to be caused by testosterone just as in male baldness, but most women who lose hair have normal testosterone levels.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12190638_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12190638-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Female androgenic alopecia has become a growing problem that, according to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Dermatology" title="American Academy of Dermatology">American Academy of Dermatology</a>, affects around 30 million women in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Although hair loss in females normally occurs after the age of 50 or even later when it does not follow events like <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronic_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic illness">chronic illness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crash_diets" class="mw-redirect" title="Crash diets">crash diets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stress_(biology)" title="Stress (biology)">stress</a> among others, it is now occurring at earlier ages with reported cases in women as young as 15 or 16.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For male androgenic alopecia, by the age of 50 30-50% of men have it, hereditarily there is an 80% predisposition.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, the link between androgenetic alopecia and metabolic syndrome is strongest in non-obese men.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutation_and_selection_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mutation_and_selection_diagram.svg/220px-Mutation_and_selection_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mutation_and_selection_diagram.svg/330px-Mutation_and_selection_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mutation_and_selection_diagram.svg/440px-Mutation_and_selection_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Certain studies have suggested androgenic alopecia conveys survival advantage</figcaption></figure> <p>Studies have been inconsistent across cultures regarding how balding men rate on the attraction scale. While a 2001 South Korean study showed that most people rated balding men as less attractive,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 2002 survey of Welsh women found that they rated bald and gray-haired men quite desirable.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the proposed social theories for male pattern hair loss is that men who embraced complete baldness by <a href="/wiki/Head_shaving" title="Head shaving">shaving their heads</a> subsequently signaled dominance, high social status, and/or longevity.<sup id="cite_ref-ShaveHead_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShaveHead-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Biologists have hypothesized the larger sunlight-exposed area would allow more <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a> to be synthesized, which might have been a "finely tuned mechanism to prevent <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>" as the malignancy itself is also associated with higher levels of DHT.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myths">Myths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Myths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_philosopher_busts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Greek_philosopher_busts.jpg/220px-Greek_philosopher_busts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Greek_philosopher_busts.jpg/330px-Greek_philosopher_busts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Greek_philosopher_busts.jpg/440px-Greek_philosopher_busts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1674" /></a><figcaption>An ancient phenomenon: Greek philosophers with and without much hair (from left to right: <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysippus" title="Chrysippus">Chrysippus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a>, fifth to third centuries BC)</figcaption></figure> <p>Many myths exist regarding the possible causes of baldness and its relationship with one's <a href="/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">virility</a>, intelligence, ethnicity, job, <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social class</a>, wealth, and many other characteristics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weight_training_and_other_types_of_physical_activity_cause_baldness">Weight training and other types of physical activity cause baldness</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Weight training and other types of physical activity cause baldness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because it increases testosterone levels, many Internet forums<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2016)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> have put forward the idea that weight training and other forms of exercise increase hair loss in predisposed individuals. Although scientific studies do support a correlation between exercise and testosterone, no direct study has found a link between exercise and baldness. However, a few have found a relationship between a sedentary life and baldness, suggesting exercise is causally relevant. The type or quantity of exercise may influence hair loss.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Testosterone levels are not a good marker of baldness, and many studies actually show paradoxical low testosterone in balding persons, although research on the implications is limited.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baldness_can_be_caused_by_emotional_stress,_sleep_deprivation,_etc."><span id="Baldness_can_be_caused_by_emotional_stress.2C_sleep_deprivation.2C_etc."></span>Baldness can be caused by emotional stress, sleep deprivation, etc.</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Baldness can be caused by emotional stress, sleep deprivation, etc."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emotional <a href="/wiki/Stress_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (medicine)">stress</a> has been shown to accelerate baldness in genetically susceptible individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stress due to <a href="/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" title="Sleep deprivation">sleep deprivation</a> in military recruits lowered testosterone levels, but is not noted to have affected SHBG.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, stress due to sleep deprivation in fit males is unlikely to elevate DHT, which is one cause of male pattern baldness. Whether sleep deprivation can cause hair loss by some other mechanism is not clear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bald_men_are_more_'virile'_or_sexually_active_than_others"><span id="Bald_men_are_more_.27virile.27_or_sexually_active_than_others"></span>Bald men are more 'virile' or sexually active than others</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bald men are more 'virile' or sexually active than others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levels of free testosterone are strongly linked to libido and DHT levels, but unless free testosterone is virtually nonexistent, levels have not been shown to affect virility. Men with androgenic alopecia are more likely to have a higher baseline of free androgens. However, sexual activity is multifactoral, and androgenic profile is not the only determining factor in baldness. Additionally, because hair loss is progressive and free testosterone declines with age, a male's hairline may be more indicative of his past than his present disposition.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Animal models of androgenic alopecia occur naturally and have been developed in <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_mouse" title="Genetically modified mouse">transgenic mice</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Common_chimpanzee" class="mw-redirect" title="Common chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a> (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>); <a href="/wiki/Bald_uakari" title="Bald uakari">bald uakaris</a> (<i>Cacajao rubicundus</i>); and <a href="/wiki/Stump-tailed_macaque" title="Stump-tailed macaque">stump-tailed macaques</a> (<i>Macaca speciosa</i> and <i>M. arctoides</i>). Of these, macaques have demonstrated the greatest incidence and most prominent degrees of hair loss.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baldness is not a trait unique to human beings. One possible case study is about a <a href="/wiki/Mane_(lion)#Mane" class="mw-redirect" title="Mane (lion)">maneless</a> male <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tsavo" title="Tsavo">Tsavo</a> area. The Tsavo lion prides are unique in that they frequently have only a single male lion with usually seven or eight adult females, as opposed to four females in other lion prides. Male lions may have heightened levels of <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a>, which could explain their reputation for aggression and dominance, indicating that lack of mane may at one time have had an alpha correlation.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although nonhuman primates do not go bald, their hairlines do undergo recession. In infancy the hairline starts at the top of the supraorbital ridge, but slowly recedes after puberty to create the appearance of a small forehead.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/androgenetic-alopecia/#frequency">"Androgenetic alopecia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Medicine">National Library of Medicine</a>, Bethesda, Maryland, United States. 1 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109012113/https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/androgenetic-alopecia/#frequency">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox32" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2276095" class="extiw" title="d:Q2276095">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/L64">L64</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000505">D000505</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb7773.htm">7773</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001177.htm">001177</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/derm/21-overview">derm/21</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_hair235" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_hair" title="Template:Human hair"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair" title="Template talk:Human hair"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_hair" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human hair"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_hair235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Human hair</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanugo" title="Lanugo">Lanugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_hair" title="Terminal hair">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellus_hair" title="Vellus hair">Vellus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_hair" title="Ear hair">Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_hair" title="Nasal hair">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unibrow" title="Unibrow">unibrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelash" title="Eyelash">Eyelash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underarm_hair" title="Underarm hair">Underarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_hair" title="Chest hair">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_hair" title="Abdominal hair">Abdominal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubic_hair" title="Pubic hair">Pubic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_hair" title="Leg hair">Leg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head <a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">hairstyles</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_hairstyles" title="List of hairstyles">list of hairstyles</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro" title="Afro">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro_puffs" title="Afro puffs">Afro puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_cut" title="Asymmetric cut">Asymmetric cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Bald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangs_(hair)" title="Bangs (hair)">Bangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)" title="Beehive (hairstyle)">Beehive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_hair" title="Big hair">Big hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hair" title="Long hair">Blowout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_cut" title="Bob cut">Bob cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant" title="Bouffant">Bouffant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_cut" title="Bowl cut">Bowl cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)" title="Braid (hairstyle)">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broccoli_haircut" title="Broccoli haircut">Broccoli haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_cut" title="Brush cut">Brush, butch, burr cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)" title="Bun (hairstyle)">Bun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)" title="Bun (hairstyle)">odango</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunches" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunches">Bunches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Businessman cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_haircut" title="Butterfly haircut">Butterfly haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_cut" title="Buzz cut">Buzz cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_cut" title="Caesar cut">Caesar cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)" title="Chignon (hairstyle)">Chignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonmage" title="Chonmage">Chonmage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb_over" title="Comb over">Comb over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conk" title="Conk">Conk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornrows" title="Cornrows">Cornrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_cut" title="Crew cut">Crew cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet_braids" title="Crochet braids">Crochet braids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_facelift" title="Croydon facelift">Croydon facelift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly hair">Curly hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtained_hair" title="Curtained hair">Curtained hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czupryna" title="Czupryna">Czupryna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devilock" title="Devilock">Devilock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dido_flip" title="Dido flip">Dido flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_perm" title="Digital perm">Digital perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadlocks" title="Dreadlocks">Dreadlocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducktail" title="Ducktail">Ducktail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_cut" title="Edgar cut">Edgar cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_crop" title="Eton crop">Eton crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations" title="Artificial hair integrations">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">Fauxhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feathered_hair" title="Feathered hair">Feathered hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_wave" title="Finger wave">Finger wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattop" title="Flattop">Flattop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontange" title="Fontange">Fontange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_braid" title="French braid">French braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)" title="French twist (hairstyle)">French twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_(hair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringe (hair)">Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frosted_tips" title="Frosted tips">Frosted tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_crimping" title="Hair crimping">Hair crimping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_twists" title="Hair twists">Hair twists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_and_tight" title="High and tight">High and tight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hime_cut" title="Hime cut">Hime cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles" title="Historical Christian hairstyles">Historical Christian hairstyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-top_fade" title="Hi-top fade">Hi-top fade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_cut" title="Induction cut">Induction cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)" title="Ivy League (haircut)">Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women" title="Hairstyles of Japanese women">Japanese women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewfro" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewfro">Jewfro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_look" title="Jesus look">Jesus look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jheri_curl" title="Jheri curl">Jheri curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinky_hair" title="Kinky hair">Kinky hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_curl" title="Kiss curl">Kiss curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laid_edges" title="Laid edges">Laid edges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layered_hair" title="Layered hair">Layered hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_spikes" title="Liberty spikes">Liberty spikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hair" title="Long hair">Long hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lob_(haircut)" title="Lob (haircut)">Lob cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)" title="Lovelock (hair)">Lovelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelling" title="Marcelling">Marcelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_(haircut)" title="Wings (haircut)">Mod cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)" title="Mullet (haircut)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1950s" title="Hairstyles in the 1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s" title="Hairstyles in the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pageboy" title="Pageboy">Pageboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Part_(haircut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Part (haircut)">Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payot" title="Payot">Payot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigtail" title="Pigtail">Pigtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie_cut" title="Pixie cut">Pixie cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompadour_(hairstyle)" title="Pompadour (hairstyle)">Pompadour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponytail" title="Ponytail">Ponytail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_perm" title="Punch perm">Punch perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Professional cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)" title="Queue (hairstyle)">Queue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiff" title="Quiff">Quiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattail_(hairstyle)" title="Rattail (hairstyle)">Rattail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor_cut" class="mw-redirect" title="Razor cut">Razor cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Regular haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)" title="Ringlet (haircut)">Ringlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shag_(haircut)" title="Shag (haircut)">Shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shape-up" title="Shape-up">Shape-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)" title="Shikha (hairstyle)">Shikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimada_(hairstyle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimada (hairstyle)">Shimada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Short back and sides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_cut" title="Brush cut">Short brush cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_hair" title="Short hair">Short hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_spikes" title="Liberty spikes">Spiky hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight hair">Straight hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Standard haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_cutting" title="Step cutting">Step cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer_hair" title="Surfer hair">Surfer hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Taper cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_fade" title="Temple fade">Temple fade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_cut" title="Titus cut">Titus cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">Tonsure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Updo" class="mw-redirect" title="Updo">Updo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_rolls" title="Victory rolls">Victory rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)" title="Waves (hairstyle)">Waves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widow%27s_peak" title="Widow's peak">Widow's peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_(haircut)" title="Wings (haircut)">Wings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facial_hair" title="Facial hair">Facial hair</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_facial_hairstyles" title="List of facial hairstyles">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beard" title="Beard">Beard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinstrap_beard" title="Chinstrap beard">Chinstrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatee" title="Goatee">Goatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Kelly_beard" title="Ned Kelly beard">Ned Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_(beard)" title="Shenandoah (beard)">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_patch" title="Soul patch">Soul patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dyke_beard" title="Van Dyke beard">Van Dyke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustache" title="Moustache">Moustache</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache" title="Fu Manchu moustache">Fu Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handlebar_moustache" title="Handlebar moustache">handlebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_moustache" title="Horseshoe moustache">horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_moustache" title="Pencil moustache">pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothbrush_moustache" title="Toothbrush moustache">toothbrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_moustache" title="Walrus moustache">walrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer_stubble" title="Designer stubble">Designer stubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideburns" title="Sideburns">Sideburns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hair subtraction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">cosmetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair_removal" title="Hair removal">Removal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waxing" title="Waxing">waxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threading_(epilation)" title="Threading (epilation)">threading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)" title="Plucking (hair removal)">plucking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_depilatory" title="Chemical depilatory">chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrology" title="Electrology">electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_hair_removal" title="Laser hair removal">laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light" title="Intense pulsed light">IPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">Shaving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_shaving" title="Head shaving">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_shaving" title="Leg shaving">leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_cream" title="Shaving cream">cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_brush" title="Shaving brush">brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_soap" title="Shaving soap">soap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor" title="Razor">Razor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_shaver" title="Electric shaver">electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_razor" title="Safety razor">safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_razor" title="Straight razor">straight</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Alopecia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_areata" title="Alopecia areata">areata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_totalis" title="Alopecia totalis">totalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_universalis" title="Alopecia universalis">universalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frictional_alopecia" title="Frictional alopecia">Frictional alopecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pattern hair loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrichosis" title="Hypertrichosis">Hypertrichosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss" title="Management of hair loss">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichophilia">Trichophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichotillomania" title="Trichotillomania">Trichotillomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogonophobia" title="Pogonophobia">Pogonophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Haircare products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hairbrush" title="Hairbrush">Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clay" title="Hair clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clipper" title="Hair clipper">Clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb" title="Comb">Comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_conditioner" title="Hair conditioner">Conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_dryer" title="Hair dryer">Dryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_gel" title="Hair gel">Gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyling_product" title="Hairstyling product">Hairstyling products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_comb" title="Hot comb">Hot comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_iron" title="Hair iron">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_mousse" title="Hair mousse">Mousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomade" title="Pomade">Pomade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxer" title="Relaxer">Relaxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_roller" title="Hair roller">Rollers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shampoo" title="Shampoo">Shampoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_spray" title="Hair spray">Spray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_volumizer" title="Hair volumizer">Volumizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_wax" title="Hair wax">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_texture_powder" title="Hair texture powder">Hair texture powder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Haircare techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backcombing" title="Backcombing">Backcombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_coloring" title="Hair coloring">Hair coloring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_crimping" title="Hair crimping">Crimping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method" title="Curly Girl Method">Curly Girl Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_cutting" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair cutting">Hair cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)" title="Perm (hairstyle)">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shampoo_and_set" title="Shampoo and set">Shampoo and set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_straightening" title="Hair straightening">Straightening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and medical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greying_of_hair" title="Greying of hair">Greying of hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">Hair follicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_hair_growth" title="Human hair growth">Hair growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichology" title="Trichology">Trichology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Walker_Hair_Typing_System" title="Andre Walker Hair Typing System">Andre Walker Hair Typing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beard_and_haircut_laws_by_country" title="Beard and haircut laws by country">Beard and haircut laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_lady" title="Bearded lady">Bearded lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber" title="Barber">Barber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barber%27s_pole" title="Barber's pole">pole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle" title="Eponymous hairstyle">Eponymous hairstyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frizz" title="Frizz">Frizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Good hair">Good hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairdresser" title="Hairdresser">Hairdresser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hairdressers" title="List of hairdressers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_fetishism" title="Hair fetishism">Hair fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wig" title="Wig">Wig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology" title="Template:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology" title="Template talk:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Growths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epidermis" title="Epidermis">Epidermal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wart" title="Wart">Wart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callus" title="Callus">Callus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seborrheic_keratosis" title="Seborrheic keratosis">Seborrheic keratosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_tag" title="Skin tag">Acrochordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum" title="Molluscum contagiosum">Molluscum contagiosum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinic_keratosis" title="Actinic keratosis">Actinic keratosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma">Squamous-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal-cell_carcinoma" title="Basal-cell carcinoma">Basal-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkel-cell_carcinoma" title="Merkel-cell carcinoma">Merkel-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevus_sebaceous" title="Nevus sebaceous">Nevus sebaceous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichoepithelioma" title="Trichoepithelioma">Trichoepithelioma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pigmented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freckle" title="Freckle">Freckles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentigo" title="Lentigo">Lentigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melasma" title="Melasma">Melasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevus" title="Nevus">Nevus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">Melanoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postinflammatory_hyperpigmentation" title="Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation">Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dermis" title="Dermis">Dermal</a> and<br />subcutaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidermoid_cyst" title="Epidermoid cyst">Epidermal inclusion cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemangioma" title="Hemangioma">Hemangioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benign_fibrous_histiocytoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign fibrous histiocytoma">Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keloid" title="Keloid">Keloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoma" title="Lipoma">Lipoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurofibroma" title="Neurofibroma">Neurofibroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthoma" title="Xanthoma">Xanthoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaposi%27s_sarcoma" title="Kaposi's sarcoma">Kaposi's sarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantile_digital_fibromatosis" title="Infantile digital fibromatosis">Infantile digital fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granular_cell_tumor" title="Granular cell tumor">Granular cell tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiomyoma" title="Leiomyoma">Leiomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphangioma_circumscriptum" title="Lymphangioma circumscriptum">Lymphangioma circumscriptum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxoid_cyst" title="Myxoid cyst">Myxoid cyst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">Rashes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With<br /> epidermal<br /> involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eczematous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contact_dermatitis" title="Contact dermatitis">Contact dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis" title="Atopic dermatitis">Atopic dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seborrhoeic_dermatitis" title="Seborrhoeic dermatitis">Seborrheic dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasis_dermatitis" title="Stasis dermatitis">Stasis dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_simplex_chronicus" title="Lichen simplex chronicus">Lichen simplex chronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darier%27s_disease" title="Darier's disease">Darier's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucagonoma_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucagonoma syndrome">Glucagonoma syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis" title="Langerhans cell histiocytosis">Langerhans cell histiocytosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_sclerosus" title="Lichen sclerosus">Lichen sclerosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemphigus" title="Pemphigus">Pemphigus foliaceus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiskott%E2%80%93Aldrich_syndrome" title="Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome">Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_deficiency" title="Zinc deficiency">Zinc deficiency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scale_(dermatology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale (dermatology)">Scaling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">Psoriasis</a></li> <li>Tinea (<a href="/wiki/Tinea_corporis" title="Tinea corporis">Corporis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_cruris" title="Tinea cruris">Cruris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlete%27s_foot" title="Athlete's foot">Pedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_manuum" title="Tinea manuum">Manuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_faciei" title="Tinea faciei">Faciei</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_rosea" title="Pityriasis rosea">Pityriasis rosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">Secondary syphilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycosis_fungoides" title="Mycosis fungoides">Mycosis fungoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_rubra_pilaris" title="Pityriasis rubra pilaris">Pityriasis rubra pilaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsoriasis" title="Parapsoriasis">Parapsoriasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosis" title="Ichthyosis">Ichthyosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blister" title="Blister">Blistering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herpes" title="Herpes">Herpes simplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_zoster" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes zoster">Herpes zoster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickenpox" title="Chickenpox">Varicella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impetigo" title="Impetigo">Bullous impetigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_dermatitis" title="Contact dermatitis">Acute contact dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemphigus_vulgaris" title="Pemphigus vulgaris">Pemphigus vulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullous_pemphigoid" title="Bullous pemphigoid">Bullous pemphigoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" title="Dermatitis herpetiformis">Dermatitis herpetiformis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyria_cutanea_tarda" title="Porphyria cutanea tarda">Porphyria cutanea tarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermolysis_bullosa_simplex" title="Epidermolysis bullosa simplex">Epidermolysis bullosa simplex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papule" title="Papule">Papular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scabies" title="Scabies">Scabies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_bites_and_stings" class="mw-redirect" title="Insect bites and stings">Insect bite reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planus" title="Lichen planus">Lichen planus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliaria" title="Miliaria">Miliaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keratosis_pilaris" title="Keratosis pilaris">Keratosis pilaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_spinulosus" title="Lichen spinulosus">Lichen spinulosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transient_acantholytic_dermatosis" title="Transient acantholytic dermatosis">Transient acantholytic dermatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_nitidus" title="Lichen nitidus">Lichen nitidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_lichenoides_et_varioliformis_acuta" title="Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta">Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pustule" class="mw-redirect" title="Pustule">Pustular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acne_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acne vulgaris">Acne vulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosacea" title="Rosacea">Rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folliculitis" title="Folliculitis">Folliculitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impetigo" title="Impetigo">Impetigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidiasis" title="Candidiasis">Candidiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neisseria_gonorrhoeae" title="Neisseria gonorrhoeae">Gonococcemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatophyte" title="Dermatophyte">Dermatophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccidioidomycosis" title="Coccidioidomycosis">Coccidioidomycosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcorneal_pustular_dermatosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcorneal pustular dermatosis">Subcorneal pustular dermatosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hypopigmented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_versicolor" title="Tinea versicolor">Tinea versicolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitiligo" title="Vitiligo">Vitiligo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_alba" title="Pityriasis alba">Pityriasis alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberous_sclerosis" title="Tuberous sclerosis">Tuberous sclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_guttate_hypomelanosis" title="Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis">Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">Leprosy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycosis_fungoides" title="Mycosis fungoides">Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Without<br /> epidermal<br /> involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Red12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Red</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Blanchable<br /> <a href="/wiki/Erythema" title="Erythema">Erythema</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Generalized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_eruption" title="Drug eruption">Drug eruptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exanthem" title="Exanthem">Viral exanthems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_toxicum_neonatorum" title="Erythema toxicum neonatorum">Toxic erythema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Localized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulitis" title="Cellulitis">Cellulitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abscess" title="Abscess">Abscess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil" title="Boil">Boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_nodosum" title="Erythema nodosum">Erythema nodosum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoid_syndrome" title="Carcinoid syndrome">Carcinoid syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_drug_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed drug eruption">Fixed drug eruption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urticaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Urticaria">Urticaria</a></li> <li>Erythema (<a href="/wiki/Erythema_multiforme" title="Erythema multiforme">Multiforme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_chronicum_migrans" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythema chronicum migrans">Migrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_gyratum_repens" title="Erythema gyratum repens">Gyratum repens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_annulare_centrifugum" title="Erythema annulare centrifugum">Annulare centrifugum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_ab_igne" title="Erythema ab igne">Ab igne</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonblanchable<br /> Purpura</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenic_purpura" title="Thrombocytopenic purpura">Thrombocytopenic purpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_purpura" title="Solar purpura">Actinic/solar purpura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation" title="Disseminated intravascular coagulation">Disseminated intravascular coagulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasculitis" title="Vasculitis">Vasculitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indurated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scleroderma" title="Scleroderma">Scleroderma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Morphea" title="Morphea">morphea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granuloma_annulare" title="Granuloma annulare">Granuloma annulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_sclerosus" title="Lichen sclerosus">Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necrobiosis_lipoidica" title="Necrobiosis lipoidica">Necrobiosis lipoidica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous<br /> disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ulcer_(dermatology)" title="Ulcer (dermatology)">Ulcers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hair</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telogen_effluvium" title="Telogen effluvium">Telogen effluvium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgenic_alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgenic alopecia">Androgenic alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_areata" title="Alopecia areata">Alopecia areata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_capitis" title="Tinea capitis">Tinea capitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loose_anagen_syndrome" title="Loose anagen syndrome">Loose anagen syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planopilaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichen planopilaris">Lichen planopilaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folliculitis_decalvans" title="Folliculitis decalvans">Folliculitis decalvans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudofolliculitis_barbae" title="Pseudofolliculitis barbae">Acne keloidalis nuchae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Nail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onychomycosis" title="Onychomycosis">Onychomycosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">Psoriasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paronychia" title="Paronychia">Paronychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrown_nail" title="Ingrown nail">Ingrown nail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">Mucous<br /> membrane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphthous_stomatitis" title="Aphthous stomatitis">Aphthous stomatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_candidiasis" title="Oral candidiasis">Oral candidiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planus" title="Lichen planus">Lichen planus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukoplakia" title="Leukoplakia">Leukoplakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemphigus" title="Pemphigus">Pemphigus vulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane_pemphigoid" title="Mucous membrane pemphigoid">Mucous membrane pemphigoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicatricial_pemphigoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicatricial pemphigoid">Cicatricial pemphigoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">Herpesvirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxsackievirus" title="Coxsackievirus">Coxsackievirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">Syphilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histoplasmosis" title="Histoplasmosis">Systemic histoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma">Squamous-cell carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Disorders_of_skin_appendages114" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disorders_of_skin_appendages" title="Template:Disorders of skin appendages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disorders_of_skin_appendages" title="Template talk:Disorders of skin appendages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disorders_of_skin_appendages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disorders of skin appendages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disorders_of_skin_appendages114" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disorders of <a href="/wiki/Skin_appendage" title="Skin appendage">skin appendages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nail_disease" title="Nail disease">Nail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>thickness: <a href="/wiki/Onychogryphosis" title="Onychogryphosis">Onychogryphosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychauxis" title="Onychauxis">Onychauxis</a></li></ul> <ul><li>color: <a href="/wiki/Beau%27s_lines" title="Beau's lines">Beau's lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_nail_syndrome" title="Yellow nail syndrome">Yellow nail syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukonychia" title="Leukonychia">Leukonychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_nails" title="Blue nails">Azure lunula</a></li></ul> <ul><li>shape: <a href="/wiki/Koilonychia" title="Koilonychia">Koilonychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_clubbing" title="Nail clubbing">Nail clubbing</a></li></ul> <ul><li>behavior: <a href="/wiki/Onychotillomania" title="Onychotillomania">Onychotillomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychophagia" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychophagia">Onychophagia</a></li></ul> <ul><li>other: <a href="/wiki/Ingrown_nail" title="Ingrown nail">Ingrown nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonychia" title="Anonychia">Anonychia</a></li></ul> <ul><li>ungrouped: <a href="/wiki/Paronychia" title="Paronychia">Paronychia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_paronychia" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute paronychia">Acute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_paronychia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic paronychia">Chronic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_nail" title="Chevron nail">Chevron nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_onychodysplasia_of_the_index_fingers" title="Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers">Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_nails" class="mw-redirect" title="Green nails">Green nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_and_half_nail" title="Half and half nail">Half and half nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangnail" title="Hangnail">Hangnail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapalonychia" title="Hapalonychia">Hapalonychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_nail" title="Hook nail">Hook nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrown_nail" title="Ingrown nail">Ingrown nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planus_of_the_nails" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichen planus of the nails">Lichen planus of the nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_erythronychia" title="Longitudinal erythronychia">Longitudinal erythronychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalignment_of_the_nail_plate" title="Malalignment of the nail plate">Malalignment of the nail plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_nail_dystrophy" title="Median nail dystrophy">Median nail dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mees%27_lines" title="Mees' lines">Mees' lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanonychia" title="Melanonychia">Melanonychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muehrcke%27s_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Muehrcke's lines">Muehrcke's lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail%E2%80%93patella_syndrome" title="Nail–patella syndrome">Nail–patella syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychoatrophy" title="Onychoatrophy">Onychoatrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onycholysis" title="Onycholysis">Onycholysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychomadesis" title="Onychomadesis">Onychomadesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychomatricoma" title="Onychomatricoma">Onychomatricoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychomycosis" title="Onychomycosis">Onychomycosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychophosis" title="Onychophosis">Onychophosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychoptosis_defluvium" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychoptosis defluvium">Onychoptosis defluvium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychorrhexis" title="Onychorrhexis">Onychorrhexis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychoschizia" title="Onychoschizia">Onychoschizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonychia" title="Platonychia">Platonychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincer_nail" title="Pincer nail">Pincer nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plummer%27s_nail" class="mw-redirect" title="Plummer's nail">Plummer's nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_nails" class="mw-redirect" title="Psoriatic nails">Psoriatic nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygium_inversum_unguis" title="Pterygium inversum unguis">Pterygium inversum unguis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygium_unguis" title="Pterygium unguis">Pterygium unguis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purpura_of_the_nail_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Purpura of the nail bed">Purpura of the nail bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racquet_nail" title="Racquet nail">Racquet nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_lunulae" title="Red lunulae">Red lunulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_nail_syndrome" title="Shell nail syndrome">Shell nail syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splinter_hemorrhage" title="Splinter hemorrhage">Splinter hemorrhage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_lunulae" title="Spotted lunulae">Spotted lunulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staining_of_the_nail_plate" title="Staining of the nail plate">Staining of the nail plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subungual_hematoma" title="Subungual hematoma">Subungual hematoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry%27s_nails" title="Terry's nails">Terry's nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-nail_dystrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-nail dystrophy">Twenty-nail dystrophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hair_disease" title="Hair disease">Hair</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Hair loss</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Baldness" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldness">Baldness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noncicatricial_alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Noncicatricial alopecia">noncicatricial alopecia</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Alopecia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_areata" title="Alopecia areata">areata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_totalis" title="Alopecia totalis">totalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_universalis" title="Alopecia universalis">universalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiasis" title="Ophiasis">Ophiasis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgenic_alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgenic alopecia">Androgenic alopecia</a> (male-pattern baldness)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypotrichosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypotrichosis">Hypotrichosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telogen_effluvium" title="Telogen effluvium">Telogen effluvium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traction_alopecia" title="Traction alopecia">Traction alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planopilaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichen planopilaris">Lichen planopilaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichorrhexis_nodosa" title="Trichorrhexis nodosa">Trichorrhexis nodosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_neoplastica" title="Alopecia neoplastica">Alopecia neoplastica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagen_effluvium" title="Anagen effluvium">Anagen effluvium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_mucinosa" title="Alopecia mucinosa">Alopecia mucinosa</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cicatricial_alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicatricial alopecia">cicatricial alopecia</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Pseudopelade_of_Brocq" title="Pseudopelade of Brocq">Pseudopelade of Brocq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_centrifugal_cicatricial_alopecia" title="Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia">Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_alopecia" title="Pressure alopecia">Pressure alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traumatic_alopecia" title="Traumatic alopecia">Traumatic alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor alopecia">Tumor alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_comb_alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot comb alopecia">Hot comb alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissecting_cellulitis_of_the_scalp" title="Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp">Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham-Little_syndrome" title="Graham-Little syndrome">Graham-Little syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folliculitis_decalvans" title="Folliculitis decalvans">Folliculitis decalvans</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>ungrouped:</i> <a href="/wiki/Triangular_alopecia" title="Triangular alopecia">Triangular alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_fibrosing_alopecia" title="Frontal fibrosing alopecia">Frontal fibrosing alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Unna_hereditary_hypotrichosis" title="Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis">Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypertrichosis" title="Hypertrichosis">Hypertrichosis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirsutism" title="Hirsutism">Hirsutism</a></li> <li>Acquired <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Localized_acquired_hypertrichosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Localized acquired hypertrichosis">localised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquired_generalized_hypertrichosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acquired generalized hypertrichosis">generalised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterned_acquired_hypertrichosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Patterned acquired hypertrichosis">patterned</a></li></ul></li> <li>Congenital <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_congenital_hypertrichosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalized congenital hypertrichosis">generalised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localized_congenital_hypertrichosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Localized congenital hypertrichosis">localised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-linked_hypertrichosis" title="X-linked hypertrichosis">X-linked</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepubertal_hypertrichosis" title="Prepubertal hypertrichosis">Prepubertal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevoid_hypertrichosis" title="Nevoid hypertrichosis">Nevoid hypertrichosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acneiform_eruption" title="Acneiform eruption">Acneiform<br />eruption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acneiform_eruption" title="Acneiform eruption">Acne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acne_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acne vulgaris">Acne vulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_conglobata" title="Acne conglobata">Acne conglobata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_miliaris_necrotica" title="Acne miliaris necrotica">Acne miliaris necrotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_acne" title="Tropical acne">Tropical acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantile_acne" title="Infantile acne">Infantile acne</a>/<a href="/wiki/Neonatal_acne" title="Neonatal acne">Neonatal acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excoriated_acne" title="Excoriated acne">Excoriated acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_fulminans" title="Acne fulminans">Acne fulminans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_medicamentosa" title="Acne medicamentosa">Acne medicamentosa</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Steroid_acne" title="Steroid acne">steroid acne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen_acne" title="Halogen acne">Halogen acne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iododerma" title="Iododerma">Iododerma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromoderma" title="Bromoderma">Bromoderma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloracne" title="Chloracne">Chloracne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_acne" title="Oil acne">Oil acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_acne" title="Tar acne">Tar acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_cosmetica" title="Acne cosmetica">Acne cosmetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_acne" title="Occupational acne">Occupational acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_aestivalis" title="Acne aestivalis">Acne aestivalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_keloidalis_nuchae" title="Acne keloidalis nuchae">Acne keloidalis nuchae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_mechanica" title="Acne mechanica">Acne mechanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_with_facial_edema" title="Acne with facial edema">Acne with facial edema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomade_acne" title="Pomade acne">Pomade acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne_necrotica" title="Acne necrotica">Acne necrotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackhead">Blackhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupus_miliaris_disseminatus_faciei" title="Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei">Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosacea" title="Rosacea">Rosacea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perioral_dermatitis" title="Perioral dermatitis">Perioral dermatitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granulomatous_perioral_dermatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulomatous perioral dermatitis">Granulomatous perioral dermatitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phymatous_rosacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Phymatous rosacea">Phymatous rosacea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhinophyma" title="Rhinophyma">Rhinophyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blepharophyma" title="Blepharophyma">Blepharophyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnathophyma" title="Gnathophyma">Gnathophyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metophyma" title="Metophyma">Metophyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otophyma" title="Otophyma">Otophyma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papulopustular_rosacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Papulopustular rosacea">Papulopustular rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupoid_rosacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupoid rosacea">Lupoid rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrotelangiectatic_rosacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea">Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glandular_rosacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Glandular rosacea">Glandular rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_rosacea" title="Gram-negative rosacea">Gram-negative rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steroid_rosacea" title="Steroid rosacea">Steroid rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocular_rosacea" title="Ocular rosacea">Ocular rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_edema_of_rosacea" title="Persistent edema of rosacea">Persistent edema of rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosacea_conglobata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosacea conglobata">Rosacea conglobata</a></li> <li><i>variants</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periorificial_dermatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Periorificial dermatitis">Periorificial dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyoderma_faciale" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyoderma faciale">Pyoderma faciale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granulomatous_facial_dermatitis" title="Granulomatous facial dermatitis">Granulomatous facial dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_facial_aseptic_granuloma" title="Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma">Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periorbital_dermatitis" title="Periorbital dermatitis">Periorbital dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAPHO_syndrome" title="SAPHO syndrome">SAPHO syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Follicular <a href="/wiki/Cyst" title="Cyst">cysts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_cyst" title="Sebaceous cyst">Sebaceous cyst</a>" <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidermoid_cyst" title="Epidermoid cyst">Epidermoid cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichilemmal_cyst" title="Trichilemmal cyst">Trichilemmal cyst</a></li></ul></li> <li>Steatocystoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steatocystoma_simplex" title="Steatocystoma simplex">simplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steatocystoma_multiplex" title="Steatocystoma multiplex">multiplex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milium_(dermatology)" title="Milium (dermatology)">Milia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">Inflammation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folliculitis" title="Folliculitis">Folliculitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folliculitis_nares_perforans" class="mw-redirect" title="Folliculitis nares perforans">Folliculitis nares perforans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufted_folliculitis" title="Tufted folliculitis">Tufted folliculitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudofolliculitis_barbae" title="Pseudofolliculitis barbae">Pseudofolliculitis barbae</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidradenitis" title="Hidradenitis">Hidradenitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidradenitis_suppurativa" title="Hidradenitis suppurativa">Hidradenitis suppurativa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrent_palmoplantar_hidradenitis" title="Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis">Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrophilic_eccrine_hidradenitis" title="Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis">Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrokeratosis_paraneoplastica_of_Bazex" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex">Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acroosteolysis" title="Acroosteolysis">Acroosteolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_hair_deformity" title="Bubble hair deformity">Bubble hair deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disseminate_and_recurrent_infundibulofolliculitis" title="Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis">Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erosive_pustular_dermatosis_of_the_scalp" title="Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp">Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromelanosis_follicularis_faciei_et_colli" title="Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli">Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_casts" title="Hair casts">Hair casts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle_nevus" title="Hair follicle nevus">Hair follicle nevus</a></li> <li>Intermittent hair–follicle dystrophy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keratosis_pilaris_atropicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Keratosis pilaris atropicans">Keratosis pilaris atropicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinking_hair" title="Kinking hair">Kinking hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenen%27s_tumor" title="Koenen's tumor">Koenen's tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planopilaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichen planopilaris">Lichen planopilaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_spinulosus" title="Lichen spinulosus">Lichen spinulosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loose_anagen_syndrome" title="Loose anagen syndrome">Loose anagen syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkes_kinky_hair_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Menkes kinky hair syndrome">Menkes kinky hair syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monilethrix" title="Monilethrix">Monilethrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakeratosis_pustulosa" title="Parakeratosis pustulosa">Parakeratosis pustulosa</a></li> <li>Pili (<a href="/wiki/Pili_annulati" title="Pili annulati">Pili annulati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pili_bifurcati" title="Pili bifurcati">Pili bifurcati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pili_multigemini" title="Pili multigemini">Pili multigemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pili_pseudoannulati" class="mw-redirect" title="Pili pseudoannulati">Pili pseudoannulati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pili_torti" title="Pili torti">Pili torti</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_amiantacea" title="Pityriasis amiantacea">Pityriasis amiantacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plica_neuropathica" title="Plica neuropathica">Plica neuropathica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliosis" title="Poliosis">Poliosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubinstein%E2%80%93Taybi_syndrome" title="Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome">Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setleis_syndrome" title="Setleis syndrome">Setleis syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traumatic_anserine_folliculosis" title="Traumatic anserine folliculosis">Traumatic anserine folliculosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichomegaly" title="Trichomegaly">Trichomegaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichomycosis_axillaris" title="Trichomycosis axillaris">Trichomycosis axillaris</a></li> <li>Trichorrhexis (<a href="/wiki/Trichorrhexis_invaginata" title="Trichorrhexis invaginata">Trichorrhexis invaginata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichorrhexis_nodosa" title="Trichorrhexis nodosa">Trichorrhexis nodosa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichostasis_spinulosa" title="Trichostasis spinulosa">Trichostasis spinulosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncombable_hair_syndrome" title="Uncombable hair syndrome">Uncombable hair syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolly_hair_nevus" title="Woolly hair nevus">Woolly hair nevus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sweat_gland_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweat gland disease">Sweat<br />glands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eccrine_sweat_gland" title="Eccrine sweat gland">Eccrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miliaria" title="Miliaria">Miliaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colloid_milium" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloid milium">Colloid milium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliaria_crystalline" class="mw-redirect" title="Miliaria crystalline">Miliaria crystalline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliaria_profunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Miliaria profunda">Miliaria profunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliaria_pustulosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Miliaria pustulosa">Miliaria pustulosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliaria_rubra" class="mw-redirect" title="Miliaria rubra">Miliaria rubra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occlusion_miliaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Occlusion miliaria">Occlusion miliaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmiliarial_hypohidrosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmiliarial hypohidrosis">Postmiliarial hypohidrosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulosis_rubra_nasi" title="Granulosis rubra nasi">Granulosis rubra nasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross%27_syndrome" title="Ross' syndrome">Ross' syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperhidrosis" title="Hyperhidrosis">Hyperhidrosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_hyperhidrosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalized hyperhidrosis">Generalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustatory_hyperhidrosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustatory hyperhidrosis">Gustatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmoplantar_hyperhidrosis" title="Palmoplantar hyperhidrosis">Palmoplantar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypohidrosis" title="Hypohidrosis">Hypohidrosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhidrosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhidrosis">Anhidrosis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apocrine" title="Apocrine">Apocrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_odor" title="Body odor">Body odor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromhidrosis" title="Chromhidrosis">Chromhidrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93Fordyce_disease" title="Fox–Fordyce disease">Fox–Fordyce disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">Sebaceous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_hyperplasia" title="Sebaceous hyperplasia">Sebaceous hyperplasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&oldid=1281124691">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pattern_hair_loss&oldid=1281124691</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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