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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Third_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Third Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_2nd_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_2nd_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>German 2nd Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_2nd_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials_and_cemeteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials_and_cemeteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Memorials and cemeteries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Memorials_and_cemeteries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Memorials and cemeteries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Memorials_and_cemeteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_burial_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_burial_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>British burial sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_burial_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_burial_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_burial_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>German burial sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_burial_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Cambrai (1917)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_van_Cambrai" title="Slag van Cambrai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Slag van Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="معركة كامبريه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة كامبريه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambre_d%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_(1917)" title="Kambre döyüşü (1917) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kambre döyüşü (1917)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D_(1917)" title="Бітва пры Камбрэ (1917) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бітва пры Камбрэ (1917)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D_(1917)" title="Бітва пры Камбрэ (1917) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бітва пры Камбрэ (1917)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Битка при Камбре – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Камбре" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Batalla de Cambrai (1917) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Cambrai" title="Bitva u Cambrai – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Cambrai" title="Slaget ved Cambrai – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget ved Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Cambrai" title="Schlacht von Cambrai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrai_lahing" title="Cambrai lahing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cambrai lahing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF" title="Μάχη του Καμπραί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη του Καμπραί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Batalla de Cambrai (1917) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambraiko_gudua_(1917)" title="Cambraiko gudua (1917) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cambraiko gudua (1917)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B7)" title="نبرد کمبره (۱۹۱۷) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد کمبره (۱۹۱۷)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Bataille de Cambrai (1917) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Cath Cambrai (1917) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cath Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%89%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC_(1917%EB%85%84)" title="캉브레 전투 (1917년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캉브레 전투 (1917년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Pertempuran Cambrai (1917) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Cambrai" title="Battaglia di Cambrai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94_(1917)" title="קרב קמברה (1917) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב קמברה (1917)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schluecht_vu_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Schluecht vu Cambrai (1917) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schluecht vu Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrai-i_csata" title="Cambrai-i csata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cambrai-i csata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Cambrai" title="Slag bij Cambrai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="カンブレーの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンブレーの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Cambrai" title="Slaget ved Cambrai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Cambrai" title="Slaget ved Cambrai – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slaget ved Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Bitwa pod Cambrai (1917) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Batalha de Cambrai (1917) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Cambrai" title="Bătălia de la Cambrai – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5_(1917)" title="Битва при Камбре (1917) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Камбре (1917)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai" title="Battle of Cambrai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Bitka pri Cambrai (1917) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bitka pri Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Битка код Камбреја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Камбреја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Cambraia" title="Bitka kod Cambraia – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Cambraia" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrain_taistelu" title="Cambrain taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cambrain taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Cambrai" title="Slaget vid Cambrai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Cambrai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrai_Muharebesi_(1917)" title="Cambrai Muharebesi (1917) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cambrai Muharebesi (1917)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5_(1917)" title="Битва біля Камбре (1917) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва біля Камбре (1917)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Trận Cambrai (1917) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Cambrai (1917)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&params=50_10_36_N_03_14_08_E_type:event_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°10′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">03°14′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.17667°N 3.23556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.17667; 3.23556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1917 World War I battle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai" title="War of the League of Cambrai">War of the League of Cambrai</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Cambrai (1917)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_104-0941A,_Bei_Cambrai,_zerst%C3%B6rter_englischer_Panzer_Mark_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_104-0941A%2C_Bei_Cambrai%2C_zerst%C3%B6rter_englischer_Panzer_Mark_I.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_104-0941A%2C_Bei_Cambrai%2C_zerst%C3%B6rter_englischer_Panzer_Mark_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_104-0941A%2C_Bei_Cambrai%2C_zerst%C3%B6rter_englischer_Panzer_Mark_I.jpg/450px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_104-0941A%2C_Bei_Cambrai%2C_zerst%C3%B6rter_englischer_Panzer_Mark_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_104-0941A%2C_Bei_Cambrai%2C_zerst%C3%B6rter_englischer_Panzer_Mark_I.jpg/600px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_104-0941A%2C_Bei_Cambrai%2C_zerst%C3%B6rter_englischer_Panzer_Mark_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="505" /></a></span><br />German soldiers recovering a British <a href="/wiki/Mark_IV_tank" title="Mark IV tank">Mark IV tank</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>20 November – 7 December 1917; 2 weeks and 3 days</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a>, France</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&params=50_10_36_N_03_14_08_E_type:event_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°10′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">03°14′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.17667°N 3.23556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.17667; 3.23556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> See <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Aftermath">Aftermath</a> section</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> <ul><li>British capture <a href="/wiki/Havrincourt" title="Havrincourt">Havrincourt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flesqui%C3%A8res" title="Flesquières">Flesquières</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rib%C3%A9court-Dreslincourt" title="Ribécourt-Dreslincourt">Ribécourt-Dreslincourt</a></li> <li>Germans capture <a href="/wiki/Gonnelieu" title="Gonnelieu">Gonnelieu</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span> </p> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991394_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991394-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Newfoundland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991398_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991398-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199115_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199115-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Haig">Douglas Haig</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Julian_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Byng_of_Vimy" title="Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy">Julian Byng</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Pulteney_(British_Army_officer)" title="William Pulteney (British Army officer)">William Pulteney</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_der_Marwitz" title="Georg von der Marwitz">Georg von der Marwitz</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Moser" title="Otto von Moser">Otto von Moser</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Kathen" title="Hugo von Kathen">Hugo von Kathen</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 15 infantry divisions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />4 cavalry divisions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1,003 guns<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199125_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199125-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />476 tanks (378 combat tanks)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 20 infantry divisions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1,194–1,240 guns<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrutz1929Order_of_Battle_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrutz1929Order_of_Battle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009208_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 44,207 (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 6,000</span> POW)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (47,596, 20 November to 8 December)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991382_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991382-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Tanks, 20 November: 179 (65 knocked out, 71 breakdowns, 43 other)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 54,720: 8,817 killed, 11,105 POW<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Front7065" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1914</b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Capture_of_Moresnet" class="mw-redirect" title="German Capture of Moresnet">Moresnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">Invasion of Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dinant" title="Battle of Dinant">Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1914)" title="Siege of Namur (1914)">Namur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Frontiers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lorraine" title="Battle of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ardennes" title="Battle of the Ardennes">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charleroi" title="Battle of Charleroi">Charleroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons" title="Battle of Mons">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trou%C3%A9e_de_Charmes" title="Battle of the Trouée de Charmes">Trouée de Charmes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat" title="Great Retreat">Great Retreat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Le_Cateau" title="Battle of Le Cateau">Le Cateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rearguard_Affair_of_%C3%89treux" title="Rearguard Affair of Étreux">Étreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1914)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1914)">1st St. Quentin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Maubeuge" title="Siege of Maubeuge">Maubeuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">1st Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="First Battle of the Aisne">1st Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yser" title="Battle of the Yser">Yser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">1st Ypres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_operations_1914%E2%80%931915" title="Winter operations 1914–1915">Winter actions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Artois" title="First Battle of Artois">1st Artois</a></li></ul> <p><b>1915</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Champagne" title="First Battle of Champagne">1st Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hartmannswillerkopf" title="Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf">Hartmannswillerkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle">Neuve Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">2nd Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">2nd Artois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%A9buterne" title="Battle of Hébuterne">Hébuterne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">2nd Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Artois" title="Third Battle of Artois">3rd Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_phosgene_attack_(19_December_1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="German phosgene attack (19 December 1915)">Gas: Wieltje</a></li></ul> <p><b>1916</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_the_Bluff,_1916" title="Actions of the Bluff, 1916">The Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_action,_2%E2%80%9318_March_1916" title="Hohenzollern Redoubt action, 2–18 March 1916">Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_St_Eloi_Craters" title="Actions of St Eloi Craters">St Eloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Hulluch" title="Gas attacks at Hulluch">Hulluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Wulverghem" title="Gas attacks at Wulverghem">Wulverghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient" title="Loss of the Kink Salient">Kink Salient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge" title="German attack on Vimy Ridge">Vimy Ridge 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mont_Sorrel" title="Battle of Mont Sorrel">Mont Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boar%27s_Head" title="Battle of the Boar's Head">Boar's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">1st Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Fromelles" title="Attack at Fromelles">Fromelles</a></li></ul> <p><b>1917</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operations_on_the_Ancre,_January%E2%80%93March_1917" title="Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917">Ancre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alberich" title="Operation Alberich"><i>Alberich</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivelle_offensive" title="Nivelle offensive">Nivelle offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge" title="Battle of Vimy Ridge">Vimy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Second Battle of the Aisne">2nd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hills" title="Battle of the Hills">The Hills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messines_(1917)" title="Battle of Messines (1917)">Messines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Passchendaele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambrai</a></li></ul> <p><b>1918</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Michael" title="Operation Michael"><i>Michael</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_(1918)" title="Battle of the Lys (1918)">The Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Third Battle of the Aisne">3rd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belleau_Wood" title="Battle of Belleau Wood">Belleau Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">2nd Marne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soissons_(1918)" title="Battle of Soissons (1918)">Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ailette" title="Battle of the Ailette">Ailette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Second Battle of the Somme">2nd Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Mihiel" title="Battle of Saint-Mihiel">Saint-Mihiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Quentin_Canal" title="Battle of St Quentin Canal">St Quentin Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Fifth Battle of Ypres">5th Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1918)">2nd Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Courtrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Courtrai (1918)">Courtrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sambre_(1918)" title="Battle of the Sambre (1918)">Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_and_the_Escaut" title="Battle of the Lys and the Escaut">Lys and Escaut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Associated articles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">1914 Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_French_Army_mutinies" title="1917 French Army mutinies">French Army mutinies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_tactics,_1917" title="Western Front tactics, 1917">Western Front tactics, 1917</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Cambrai</b> (<b>Battle of Cambrai, 1917</b>, <b>First Battle of Cambrai</b> and <i><b>Schlacht von Cambrai</b></i>) was a British attack in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, followed by the biggest German counter-attack against the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">British Expeditionary Force</a> (BEF) since 1914. The town of <a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a>, in the département of <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>, in France, was an important supply centre for the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Siegfriedstellung</i></span> (known to the British as the <a href="/wiki/Hindenburg_Line" title="Hindenburg Line">Hindenburg Line</a>) and capture of the town and the nearby Bourlon Ridge would threaten the rear of the German line to the north. <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hugh_Tudor" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hugh Tudor">Henry Tudor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commander,_Royal_Artillery" title="Commander, Royal Artillery">Commander, Royal Artillery</a> (CRA), of the <a href="/wiki/9th_(Scottish)_Division" title="9th (Scottish) Division">9th (Scottish) Division</a>, advocated the use of new artillery-infantry tactics on his sector of the front. During preparations, <a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a>, a staff officer with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tank_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Tank Corps">Tank Corps</a>, looked for places to use tanks for raids. <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Julian_Byng" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Byng">Julian Byng</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Third Army (United Kingdom)">Third Army</a>, decided to combine both plans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199117–29_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199117–29-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French and British armies had used tanks en masse earlier in 1917, although to considerably less effect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELittledale1918836–848_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittledale1918836–848-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a big British success on the first day, mechanical unreliability, German artillery and infantry defences exposed the frailties of the <a href="/wiki/Mark_IV_tank" title="Mark IV tank">Mark IV tank</a>. On the second day, only about half of the tanks were operational and British progress was limited. In the <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Great_War" title="History of the Great War">History of the Great War</a></i>, the British official historian Wilfrid Miles and modern scholars do not place exclusive credit for the first day on tanks but discuss the concurrent evolution of artillery, infantry and tank methods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond2009429–430_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond2009429–430-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous developments since 1915 matured at Cambrai, such as <a href="/wiki/Predicted_fire" title="Predicted fire">predicted artillery fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound_ranging" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound ranging">sound ranging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infiltration_tactics" title="Infiltration tactics">infantry infiltration tactics</a>, infantry-tank co-ordination and <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a>. The techniques of industrial warfare continued to develop and played a vital part during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a> in 1918, along with replacement of the Mark IV tank with improved types. The rapid reinforcement and defence of Bourlon Ridge by the Germans, as well as their counter-attack, were also notable achievements, which gave the Germans hope that an offensive strategy could end the war before American mobilisation became overwhelming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991291,_173–249_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991291,_173–249-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_plan">British plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: British plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_tactics,_1917" title="Western Front tactics, 1917">Western Front tactics, 1917</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambrai_area_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cambrai_area_1917.jpg/220px-Cambrai_area_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cambrai_area_1917.jpg/330px-Cambrai_area_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cambrai_area_1917.jpg/440px-Cambrai_area_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cambrai area, 1917</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Proposals for an operation in the Cambrai area using a large number of tanks originated from Brigadier <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Elles" title="Hugh Elles">Hugh Elles</a> of the Tank Corps, and the reliance on the secret transfer of artillery reinforcements to be "silently registered" to gain surprise came from <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hugh_Tudor" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hugh Tudor">Henry Hugh Tudor</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/9th_(Scottish)_Division" title="9th (Scottish) Division">9th (Scottish)</a> infantry division artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles19914–6_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles19914–6-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1917, Tudor conceived the idea of a surprise attack in the IV Corps sector, he suggested a primarily artillery-infantry attack, which would be supported by a small number of tanks, to secure a breakthrough of the German Hindenburg Line. The German defences were formidable; Cambrai, was a quiet front and the Germans had built an elaborate defence in depth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199117–30_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199117–30-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tudor's plan sought to test new methods in <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a>, with emphasis on joint artillery and infantry tactics to see how effective they were against German fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199117–30_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199117–30-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tudor advocated using the new <a href="/wiki/Sound_ranging" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound ranging">sound ranging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Predicted_fire" title="Predicted fire">silent registration</a> of guns to achieve instant suppression of fire and surprise. He also wanted to use tanks to clear paths through the deep barbed wire obstacles in front of German positions, while supporting the tank force with the <a href="/wiki/No._106_Fuze" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 106 Fuze">No. 106 Fuze</a>, designed to detonate high explosive (HE) ammunition without cratering the ground, to supplement the armour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond200957_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond200957-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_support">Air support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Air support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two weeks before the start of the battle, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a> (RFC) began to train its pilots in ground-attack tactics. Before the ground offensive, the RFC was assigned sets of targets to attack, including trenches, supply points and enemy airfields.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab201272_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab201272-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Army">Third Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambrai_salient_north,_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cambrai_salient_north%2C_1917.jpg/220px-Cambrai_salient_north%2C_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cambrai_salient_north%2C_1917.jpg/330px-Cambrai_salient_north%2C_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cambrai_salient_north%2C_1917.jpg/440px-Cambrai_salient_north%2C_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cambrai salient north, 1917</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The battle began at dawn, approximately 06:30 on 20 November, with a predicted bombardment by <span class="nowrap">1,003 guns</span> on German defences, followed by smoke and a creeping barrage at 300 yd (270 m) ahead to cover the first advances. Despite efforts to preserve secrecy, the Germans had received sufficient intelligence to be on moderate alert: an attack on Havrincourt was anticipated, as was the use of tanks. The attacking force was six infantry divisions of the <a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="III Corps (United Kingdom)">III Corps</a> (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/William_Pulteney_Pulteney" class="mw-redirect" title="William Pulteney Pulteney">Pulteney</a>) on the right and <a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="IV Corps (United Kingdom)">IV Corps</a> (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Charles_Woollcombe" title="Charles Woollcombe">Charles Woollcombe</a>) on the left, supported by nine battalions of the Tank Corps with about <span class="nowrap">437 tanks.</span> In reserve was one infantry division in IV Corps and the three divisions of the Cavalry Corps (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kavanagh" title="Charles Kavanagh">Charles Kavanagh</a>). Initially, there was considerable success in most areas and it seemed as if a great victory was within reach; the Hindenburg Line had been penetrated with advances of up to 5.0 mi (8 km). On the right, the <a href="/wiki/12th_(Eastern)_Division" title="12th (Eastern) Division">12th (Eastern) Division</a> advanced as far as Lateau Wood before being ordered to dig in. The <a href="/wiki/20th_(Light)_Division" title="20th (Light) Division">20th (Light) Division</a> forced a way through La Vacquerie and then advanced to capture a bridge across the <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Saint-Quentin" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de Saint-Quentin">Canal de Saint-Quentin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Masni%C3%A8res" title="Masnières">Masnières</a>. The bridge collapsed under the weight of a tank halting the hopes for an advance across the canal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199169_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199169-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the centre the <a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">6th Division</a> captured Ribécourt and Marcoing but when the cavalry passed through late, they were repulsed from Noyelles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199166–67_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199166–67-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_escaut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pont_escaut.jpg/220px-Pont_escaut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pont_escaut.jpg/330px-Pont_escaut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pont_escaut.jpg/440px-Pont_escaut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption>The bridge at <a href="/wiki/Masni%C3%A8res" title="Masnières">Masnières</a>, collapsed by the weight of a Mark IV tank</figcaption></figure> <p>On the IV Corps front, the <a href="/wiki/51st_(Highland)_Division" title="51st (Highland) Division">51st (Highland) Division</a> (Major-General <a href="/wiki/George_Harper_(British_Army_officer)" title="George Harper (British Army officer)">George Harper</a>) was held at Flesquières, its first objective, which left the attacking divisions on each flank exposed to enfilade fire. Harper had used a local variation of the tank drill instead of the standard one laid down by the Tank Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flesquières was one of the most fortified points in the German line and was flanked by other strong points. Its defenders under Major Krebs acquitted themselves well against the tanks, almost forty being knocked out by the artillery in the vicinity.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lone_gunner_of_Flesqui%C3%A8res" title="Lone gunner of Flesquières">Lone gunner of Flesquières</a> (a common explanation of the "mythical" German officer) ignored the fact that the British tanks were opposed by a specialist anti-tank unit benefiting from the experience against French tanks in the Nivelle Offensive. The Germans abandoned Flesquières during the night.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199159,_108_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199159,_108-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_Cambrai,_November-december_1917_Q6291.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Battle_of_Cambrai%2C_November-december_1917_Q6291.jpg/220px-The_Battle_of_Cambrai%2C_November-december_1917_Q6291.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Battle_of_Cambrai%2C_November-december_1917_Q6291.jpg/330px-The_Battle_of_Cambrai%2C_November-december_1917_Q6291.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Battle_of_Cambrai%2C_November-december_1917_Q6291.jpg/440px-The_Battle_of_Cambrai%2C_November-december_1917_Q6291.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Men of the 16th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles of the 36th (Ulster) Division moving to the front line 20 November 1917</div></figcaption></figure> <p>To the west of Flesquières, the <a href="/wiki/62nd_(2nd_West_Riding)_Division" title="62nd (2nd West Riding) Division">62nd (2nd West Riding) Division</a> swept all the way through Havrincourt and Graincourt to within reach of the woods on Bourlon Ridge and on the British left, the <a href="/wiki/British_36th_(Ulster)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="British 36th (Ulster) Division">36th Division</a> reached the Bapaume–Cambrai road. Of the tanks, 180 were out of action after the first day, although only <span class="nowrap">65 had</span> been destroyed. Of the other casualties, 71 had suffered mechanical failure and 43 had ditched.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199190_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199190-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British lost <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 4,000 casualties</span> and took <span class="nowrap">4,200 prisoners,</span> a casualty rate half that of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres</a> (Passchendaele) and a greater advance in six hours than in three months at Flanders but the British had failed to reach Bourlon Ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199188_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199188-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German command was quick to send reinforcements and was relieved that the British did not manage fully to exploit their early gains.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199198–100_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199198–100-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the battle was renewed on 21 November, the pace of the British advance was greatly slowed. Flesquières, that had been abandoned and Cantaing were captured in the very early morning but in general the British took to consolidating their gains rather than expanding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991101–107_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991101–107-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attacks by III Corps were terminated and attention was turned to IV Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199188–93_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199188–93-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambrai_salient_south,_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cambrai_salient_south%2C_1917.jpg/220px-Cambrai_salient_south%2C_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cambrai_salient_south%2C_1917.jpg/330px-Cambrai_salient_south%2C_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cambrai_salient_south%2C_1917.jpg/440px-Cambrai_salient_south%2C_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1115" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cambrai salient south, 1917</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The effort was aimed at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourlon_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourlon Ridge (page does not exist)">Bourlon Ridge</a>. Fighting was fierce around Bourlon and at Anneux (just before the woods) was costly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991108–114_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991108–114-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German counter-attacks squeezed the British out of Moeuvres on 21 November and Fontaine on 22 November; when Anneux was taken, the 62nd Division found themselves unable to enter Bourlon Wood. The British were left exposed in a salient. Haig still wanted Bourlon Ridge and the exhausted 62nd Division was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/40th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="40th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">40th Division</a> (Major-General <a href="/wiki/John_Ponsonby_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Ponsonby (British Army officer)">John Ponsonby</a>) on 23 November. Supported by almost <span class="nowrap">100 tanks</span> and <span class="nowrap">430 guns</span>, the 40th Division attacked into the woods of Bourlon Ridge on the morning of 23 November and made little progress. The Germans had put two divisions of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gruppe Arras</i></span> on the ridge with another two in reserve and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gruppe Caudry</i></span> was reinforced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991115–136_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991115–136-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 40th Division attack reached the crest of the ridge but were held there and suffered more than <span class="nowrap">4,000 casualties</span> in three days. More British troops were pushed in to move beyond the woods but the British reserves were rapidly depleted and more German reinforcements were arriving.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991126–136_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991126–136-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final British effort was on 27 November by the 62nd Division aided by <span class="nowrap">30 tanks.</span> Early success was soon reversed by a German counter-attack. The British now held a salient roughly 6.8 mi × 5.9 mi (11 km × 9.5 km) with its front along the crest of the ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991144–161_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991144–161-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 November, the offensive was stopped and the British troops were ordered to lay wire and dig in. The Germans were quick to concentrate their artillery on the new British positions. On 28 November, more than <span class="nowrap">16,000 shells</span> were fired into the wood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991162–175_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991162–175-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_2nd_Army">German 2nd Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: German 2nd Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_cambrai_4_-_German_Counter-Offensive.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Battle_of_cambrai_4_-_German_Counter-Offensive.png/220px-Battle_of_cambrai_4_-_German_Counter-Offensive.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Battle_of_cambrai_4_-_German_Counter-Offensive.png/330px-Battle_of_cambrai_4_-_German_Counter-Offensive.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Battle_of_cambrai_4_-_German_Counter-Offensive.png/440px-Battle_of_cambrai_4_-_German_Counter-Offensive.png 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The German counter-attack</div></figcaption></figure> <p>As the British took the ridge, German reinforcements began to arrive. By 23 November, the German command felt that a British breakthrough had been prevented and began to consider a counter-stroke and twenty divisions were assembled in the Cambrai area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2010180Sheldon2009188–207_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2010180Sheldon2009188–207-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans planned to retake the Bourlon salient and also to attack around Havrincourt, with diversionary attacks to hold IV Corps; it was hoped to at least reach the old positions on the Hindenburg Line. The Germans intended to employ the new tactics of a short, intense period of shelling followed by a rapid assault using <i><a href="/wiki/Oskar_von_Hutier" title="Oskar von Hutier">Hutier</a></i> infiltration tactics, leading elements attacking in groups rather than waves and bypassing strong opposition. Three divisions of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gruppe Arras</i></span> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Generalleutnant</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Moser" title="Otto von Moser">Otto von Moser</a>) were to conduct the initial assault at Bourlon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009208_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the eastern flank of the British salient, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gruppe Caudry</i></span> was to attack from Bantouzelle to Rumilly to capture Marcoing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009207_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009207-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gruppe Busigny</i></span> advanced from Banteux. The two <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gruppen</i></span> had seven infantry divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009208_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="VII Corps (United Kingdom)">British VII Corps</a> (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Snow_(British_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Snow (British Army officer)">Thomas Snow</a>), to the south of the threatened area, warned III Corps of German preparations. The German attack began at <span class="nowrap">7:00 a.m.</span> on 30 November; almost immediately, the majority of III Corps divisions were heavily engaged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German infantry advance in the south was unexpectedly swift. The commanders of the 12th (Eastern) Division and <a href="/wiki/29th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="29th Division (United Kingdom)">29th Division</a> were almost captured, with Brigadier-General <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Vincent" title="Berkeley Vincent">Berkeley Vincent</a> having to fight his way out of his headquarters and grab men from retreating units to try to halt the Germans. In the south, the German advance spread across 8.1 mi (13 km) and came within a few miles of the village of Metz and its link to Bourlon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009234–242_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009234–242-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Bourlon, the Germans suffered many casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009255–268_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009255–268-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British units displayed reckless determination; one group of eight British machine-guns fired over <span class="nowrap">70,000 rounds</span> against the German advance. The concentration of British effort to hold the ridge was effective but allowed the German advance elsewhere greater opportunity. Only counter-attacks by the <a href="/wiki/Guards_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="Guards Division (United Kingdom)">Guards Division</a>, the arrival of British tanks and the fall of night allowed the line to be held. By the following day, the impetus of the German advance was lost but pressure on 3 December led to the German capture of La Vacquerie and a British withdrawal on the east bank of the St Quentin canal. The Germans had reached a line curving from Quentin Ridge to near Marcoing. The German capture of Bonavis ridge made the British hold on Bourlon precarious.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009273–297_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009273–297-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 December, Haig ordered a partial retreat from the north salient and by 7 December, the British gains were abandoned except for a portion of the Hindenburg line around Havrincourt, Ribécourt and Flesquières. The Germans had exchanged this territorial loss for a slightly smaller sector to the south of Welsh Ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991257–258,_275–277_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991257–258,_275–277-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_cambrai_1_-_front_lines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Battle_of_cambrai_1_-_front_lines.png/220px-Battle_of_cambrai_1_-_front_lines.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Battle_of_cambrai_1_-_front_lines.png/330px-Battle_of_cambrai_1_-_front_lines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Battle_of_cambrai_1_-_front_lines.png/440px-Battle_of_cambrai_1_-_front_lines.png 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Front lines before and after the battle</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The success of the first day was greeted in Britain by the ringing of church bells.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991278Smithers2014198_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991278Smithers2014198-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massed use of tanks, despite being a further increase on previous deployments, was not new but the success of the attack and the resulting Allied press enthusiasm was unprecedented.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELittledale1918836–848Miles1991278_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittledale1918836–848Miles1991278-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The particular effectiveness of the tanks at Cambrai was the initial passage through barbed wire defences, which had been previously "supposed by the Germans to be impregnable".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon20099–10_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon20099–10-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The victory showed that even the most elaborate field fortifications could be overcome by a surprise attack, using a combination of new methods and equipment, reflecting a general increase in the British capacity to combine infantry, artillery, tanks and aircraft in attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009ix_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009ix-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German revival after the shock of the British advance improved German morale but the potential for similar attacks meant that the Germans had to divert resources to anti-tank defences and weapons, an extra demand that the Germans could ill afford to meet, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Wherever the ground offers suitable going for tanks, surprise attacks like this may be expected. That being the case, there can be no more mention, therefore, of quiet fronts.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Rupprecht,_Crown_Prince_of_Bavaria" title="Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria">Crown Prince Rupprecht</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009312_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009312-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The German counter-attack showed the effectiveness of artillery, trench mortars and evolving <a href="/wiki/Stormtroopers_(Imperial_Germany)" title="Stormtroopers (Imperial Germany)">storm troop</a> tactics, adopted from methods introduced by Hutier and his artillery commander, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bruchm%C3%BCller" title="Georg Bruchmüller">Georg Bruchmüller</a>, against the Russians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199116Sheldon2009ix_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199116Sheldon2009ix-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the German perspective, questions arose regarding battlefield <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">supply</a> beyond rail heads and the suitability of the <a href="/wiki/MG_08" title="MG 08">MG 08</a> <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a> for rapid movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2009xi_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2009xi-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the battle, the British retained some of the ground captured in the north and the Germans a smaller amount taken in the south. The British conducted several investigations, including a <a href="/wiki/Public_inquiry" title="Public inquiry">Court of Enquiry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991297–298_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991297–298-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire during the Great War, the British forces in France, in the period of the Battle of Cambrai suffered <span class="nowrap">75,681 casualties,</span> <span class="nowrap">10,042 killed</span> or died of wounds, <span class="nowrap">48,702 wounded</span> and <span class="nowrap">16,987 missing</span> or prisoners of war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStat1922326_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStat1922326-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilfrid Miles, the official historian, gave British losses in the Third Army, Tank Corps and the RFC from 20 November to 8 December <span class="nowrap">as 44,207,</span> <span class="nowrap">40,000 of</span> them in the main battle. On the first day, <span class="nowrap">179 tanks</span> were lost, <span class="nowrap">65 being</span> knocked out, <span class="nowrap">71 suffering</span> mechanical defects and <span class="nowrap">43 by</span> other causes. the British took <span class="nowrap">11,105 prisoners,</span> <span class="nowrap">98 field</span> guns and howitzers and <span class="nowrap">forty heavy</span> guns and howitzers, <span class="nowrap">456 machine-guns</span> and <span class="nowrap">74 trench</span> mortars. The British recorded casualties on the basis of a daily head count and during the war the Germans counted the number of patients in hospital every ten days, which omitted lightly wounded, expected to return to service in a few days, not evacuated from the corps area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199190,_273–274_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199190,_273–274-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war the Germans compiled the "<i>Sanitätsbericht</i>" (1934) the German Army Medical report of the World War 1914–1918, in which the Germans suffered <span class="nowrap">54,720 casualties</span> at Cambrai, <span class="nowrap">8,817 killed</span> and died of wounds, <span class="nowrap">22,931 wounded</span> and <span class="nowrap">22,972 missing</span> and prisoners of war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanitätsbericht193455_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanitätsbericht193455-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials_and_cemeteries">Memorials and cemeteries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Memorials and cemeteries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S12137,_Westfront,_bei_Cambrai_erbeuteter_Panzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S12137%2C_Westfront%2C_bei_Cambrai_erbeuteter_Panzer.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S12137%2C_Westfront%2C_bei_Cambrai_erbeuteter_Panzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S12137%2C_Westfront%2C_bei_Cambrai_erbeuteter_Panzer.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S12137%2C_Westfront%2C_bei_Cambrai_erbeuteter_Panzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S12137%2C_Westfront%2C_bei_Cambrai_erbeuteter_Panzer.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S12137%2C_Westfront%2C_bei_Cambrai_erbeuteter_Panzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>A captured British tank in 1917 (Battle of Cambrai).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Battle of Cambrai is commemorated annually by the Royal Tank Regiment on Cambrai Day. The contributions of the <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland Regiment">Newfoundland Regiment</a> at the 1917 Battle of Cambrai are remembered in the village of Masnières at the <a href="/wiki/Masni%C3%A8res_Newfoundland_Memorial" title="Masnières Newfoundland Memorial">Masnières Newfoundland Memorial</a>. Cambrai Day is also celebrated by 2nd Lancers (GH) of the Indian Army on 1 December every year as Lance Dafadar <a href="/wiki/Gobind_Singh_(VC)" title="Gobind Singh (VC)">Gobind Singh</a> of that unit was awarded the Victoria Cross during this battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson2006517_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson2006517-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <a href="/wiki/Cambrai,_South_Australia" title="Cambrai, South Australia">Cambrai</a> was chosen in 1917 as the new name for the South Australian town of Rhine Villa, one of many <a href="/wiki/Australian_place_names_changed_from_German_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian place names changed from German names">Australian place names changed from German names</a> during the First World War. During the <a href="/wiki/Remilitarization_of_the_Rhineland" class="mw-redirect" title="Remilitarization of the Rhineland">Remilitarization of the Rhineland</a> in the late 1930s, Germany named a newly built <a href="/wiki/Kaserne" title="Kaserne">Kaserne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a> after the battle, which was later merged with the nearby <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Fritsch" title="Werner von Fritsch">Freiherr von Fritsch</a> Kaserne to become Cambrai-Fritsch Kaserne. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> occupied Cambrai-Fritsch Kaserne from the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> until 2008, when the land was returned to the German government.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_burial_sites">British burial sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: British burial sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a> has four Memorials with the names or remains of <span class="nowrap">9,100 Commonwealth</span> servicemen dead during the Battle of Cambrai: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai_Memorial_to_the_Missing" title="Cambrai Memorial to the Missing">Cambrai Memorial to the Missing</a> – the monument lists <span class="nowrap">7,048 missing</span> soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> who died and have no known graves.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-malvern_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malvern-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Flesquieres Hill British Cemetery – 900 servicemen were buried, one third unidentified.<sup id="cite_ref-CWGC_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWGC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Orival Wood Cemetery – 200 servicemen buried.<sup id="cite_ref-CWGC_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWGC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hermies Hill British Cemetery – 1,000 servicemen buried.<sup id="cite_ref-CWGC_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWGC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_burial_sites">German burial sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: German burial sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German War Cemetery on the Route de Solesmes was established before the offensive in May 1917; it accommodates the remains of <span class="nowrap">10,685 German</span> and <span class="nowrap">501 British</span> soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The battle is sometimes described as the first use of large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a> in combat or even as the first use of tanks at all. Although it was the first big <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> operation, tanks had been used since the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flers%E2%80%93Courcelette" title="Battle of Flers–Courcelette">Battle of Flers–Courcelette</a> on the Somme in September 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris199562–63_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris199562–63-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammond rebutted claims that Harper's changes contributed to the British failure and wrote that they had been exaggerated by Wilfrid Miles, Christopher Baker-Carr and others. The attack was the sixth occasion when the division operated with tanks and the ground in the 51st (Highland) Division area had far more small fortifications. The methods chosen had been tested in training and were not the cause of the check at Flesquières, which was due to the presence in the German 54th Division of Field Artillery Regiment 108 (FAR 108), specially trained in anti-tank tactics and the reluctance of Harper, to commit his reserve brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond200983–86,_435_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond200983–86,_435-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some accounts claim five were knocked out by an artillery officer, Theodor Krüger, of FAR 108. Haig's dispatch praised the gunner's bravery in his diary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffieldBourne2005348_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffieldBourne2005348-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is little evidence for Krüger's actions, although it is possible that he may have been responsible for as many as nine tanks. Twenty-eight tanks were lost in the action, through German artillery-fire and breakdowns. Haig concluded that skirmishing infantry was needed, to bring the artillery crews under small-arms fire to allow the tanks to operate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond2009233_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond2009233-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">US troops fought in the fighting on 30 November, when a detachment of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Engineer_(Railway)_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Engineer (Railway) Regiment (page does not exist)">11th Engineer (Railway) Regiment</a>, working on construction behind British lines, dug reserve trenches at the village of <a href="/wiki/Fins,_Somme" title="Fins, Somme">Fins</a>; they were later engaged in combat and suffered <span class="nowrap">28 casualties</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991394-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991394_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1991">Miles 1991</a>, p. 394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991398-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991398_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1991">Miles 1991</a>, p. 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991187_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1991">Miles 1991</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199115-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199115_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1991">Miles 1991</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1991273_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1991">Miles 1991</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199125-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199125_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1991">Miles 1991</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrutz1929Order_of_Battle-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrutz1929Order_of_Battle_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrutz1929">Strutz 1929</a>, Order of Battle.</span> </li> <li 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malvern+Remembers&rft.atitle=CWGC+Memorials&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malvernremembers.org.uk%2FCWGCMemorials.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWGC-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CWGC_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CWGC_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CWGC_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814180930/https://www.cwgc.org/history-and-archives/first-world-war/campaigns/western-front/battle-of-cambrai/">"Battle of Cambrai"</a>. <i>Commonwealth War Graves Commission</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwgc.org/history-and-archives/first-world-war/campaigns/western-front/battle-of-cambrai/">the original</a> on 14 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Cambrai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Fhistory-and-archives%2Ffirst-world-war%2Fcampaigns%2Fwestern-front%2Fbattle-of-cambrai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127232530/http://www.remembrancetrails-northernfrance.com/trails/the-front/german-war-cemetery-at-la-route-de-solesme-and-cambrai-east-military-cemetery.html">"German War Cemetery at La Route de Solesmes and Cambrai East Military Cemetery"</a>. <i>Office de tourisme du Cambrésis</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.remembrancetrails-northernfrance.com/trails/the-front/german-war-cemetery-at-la-route-de-solesme-and-cambrai-east-military-cemetery.html">the original</a> on 27 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+de+tourisme+du+Cambr%C3%A9sis&rft.atitle=German+War+Cemetery+at+La+Route+de+Solesmes+and+Cambrai+East+Military+Cemetery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.remembrancetrails-northernfrance.com%2Ftrails%2Fthe-front%2Fgerman-war-cemetery-at-la-route-de-solesme-and-cambrai-east-military-cemetery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammond2009" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, B. (2009). <i>Cambrai 1917: The Myth of the First Great Tank Battle</i>. London: Orion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2605-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2605-8"><bdi>978-0-7538-2605-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambrai+1917%3A+The+Myth+of+the+First+Great+Tank+Battle&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Orion&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7538-2605-8&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarris1995" class="citation book cs1">Harris, J. P. (1995). <i>Men, Ideas and Tanks: British Military Thought and Armoured Forces, 1903–1939</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4814-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4814-2"><bdi>978-0-7190-4814-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men%2C+Ideas+and+Tanks%3A+British+Military+Thought+and+Armoured+Forces%2C+1903%E2%80%931939&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4814-2&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLittledale1918" class="citation magazine cs1">Littledale, Harold A. (December 1918). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1918/12/with-the-tanks-i-anatomy-and-habitat/646627/">"With the Tanks: Part I Anatomy and Habitat"</a></span>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">836–</span>848. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1072-7825">1072-7825</a> – via The Atlantic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=With+the+Tanks%3A+Part+I+Anatomy+and+Habitat&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E836-%3C%2Fspan%3E848&rft.date=1918-12&rft.issn=1072-7825&rft.aulast=Littledale&rft.aufirst=Harold+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F1918%2F12%2Fwith-the-tanks-i-anatomy-and-habitat%2F646627%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2012" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DuESDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT72"><i>Battle Story: Cambrai 1917</i></a>. Stroud: The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-8371-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-8371-9"><bdi>978-0-7524-8371-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+Story%3A+Cambrai+1917&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-8371-9&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDuESDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiles1991" class="citation book cs1">Miles, W. (1991) [1991]. <i>Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The Battle of Cambrai</i>. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. III (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89839-162-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89839-162-6"><bdi>978-0-89839-162-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+France+and+Belgium+1917%3A+The+Battle+of+Cambrai&rft.series=History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+by+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&rft.edition=Imperial+War+Museum+%26+Battery+Press&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-89839-162-6&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._W._L._Nicholson" title="G. W. L. Nicholson">Nicholson, G. W. L.</a> (2006) [1964]. <i>The Fighting Newfoundlander: A History of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment</i> (Carleton Library ed.). Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3133-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3133-8"><bdi>978-0-7735-3133-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fighting+Newfoundlander%3A+A+History+of+the+Royal+Newfoundland+Regiment&rft.place=Montreal&rft.edition=Carleton+Library&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-3133-8&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=G.+W.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRogers2010" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, D., ed. (2010). <i>Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17</i>. Solihull: Helion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906033-76-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906033-76-7"><bdi>978-1-906033-76-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landrecies+to+Cambrai%3A+Case+Studies+of+German+Offensive+and+Defensive+Operations+on+the+Western+Front+1914%E2%80%9317&rft.place=Solihull&rft.pub=Helion&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-906033-76-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanitätsbericht1934" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Sanitätsbericht über das Deutschen Heeres, im Weltkriege 1914–1918 Band III Die Krankenbewegung bei dem Deutschen Feld- und Besatzungsheer</i> [<i>Medical Services of the German Army During the World War 1914–1918 Transport of Casualties about the German Field and Garrison Armies</i>] (in German). Vol. III. Berlin: Verlag Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1934. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/493867080">493867080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sanit%C3%A4tsbericht+%C3%BCber+das+Deutschen+Heeres%2C+im+Weltkriege+1914%E2%80%931918+Band+III+Die+Krankenbewegung+bei+dem+Deutschen+Feld-+und+Besatzungsheer&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Verlag+Ernst+Siegfried+Mittler+und+Sohn&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F493867080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheffieldBourne2005" class="citation book cs1">Sheffield, G.; Bourne, J. (2005). <i>Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–1918</i> (1st ed.). Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84702-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84702-1"><bdi>978-0-297-84702-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+Haig%3A+War+Diaries+and+Letters+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-297-84702-1&rft.aulast=Sheffield&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Bourne%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheldon2009" class="citation book cs1">Sheldon, J. (2009). <i>The German Army at Cambrai</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-944-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-944-4"><bdi>978-1-84415-944-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Army+at+Cambrai&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84415-944-4&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmithers2014" class="citation book cs1">Smithers, A. J. (2014) [1992]. <i>Cambrai: The First Great Tank Battle</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/085052-268-4" title="Special:BookSources/085052-268-4"><bdi>085052-268-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambrai%3A+The+First+Great+Tank+Battle&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=085052-268-4&rft.aulast=Smithers&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStat1922" class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statisticsofmili00grea/"><i>Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War, 1914–1920</i></a></span> (online scan ed.). London: HMSO. 1922<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span> – via Archive Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistics+of+the+Military+Effort+of+the+British+Empire+During+the+Great+War%2C+1914%E2%80%931920&rft.place=London&rft.edition=online+scan&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatisticsofmili00grea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrutz1929" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Strutz, Hauptmann Dr. Georg (1929). <i>Die Tankschlacht bei Cambrai 20–29 November 1917</i> [<i>The Tank Battle of Cambrai, From 20–29 November 1917</i>]. Schlachten des Weltkrieges Nr. 31: In Einzeldarstellungen bearbeitet und herausgegeben im Auftrage des Reichsarchivs. Unter Benutzung der amtlichen Quellen des Reichsarchivs (in German). Oldenburg: German Government Record Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/929262282">929262282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Tankschlacht+bei+Cambrai+20%E2%80%9329+November+1917&rft.place=Oldenburg&rft.series=Schlachten+des+Weltkrieges+Nr.+31%3A+In+Einzeldarstellungen+bearbeitet+und+herausgegeben+im+Auftrage+des+Reichsarchivs.+Unter+Benutzung+der+amtlichen+Quellen+des+Reichsarchivs&rft.pub=German+Government+Record+Office&rft.date=1929&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F929262282&rft.aulast=Strutz&rft.aufirst=Hauptmann+Dr.+Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFasse2007" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fasse, A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/fasse-alexander-2007-06-21/PDF/fasse.pdf">"Chapter 9, 'From mud, through blood, to the green fields beyond'. Tanks and tank defence in the Battle at Cambrai, November–December, 1917"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Im Zeichen des "Tankdrachen". Die Kriegführung an der Westfront 1916–1918 im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Einsatz eines neuartigen Kriegsmittels der Alliierten und deutschen Bemühungen um seine Bekämpfung</i> [<i>The "Tank Dragon": Warfare on the Western Front 1916–1918 and the Conflict Between a New Allied Weapon of War and German Efforts to Counter It</i>] (PhD) (in German). Berlin: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. pp. <span class="nowrap">312–</span>466. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/724056938">724056938</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Im+Zeichen+des+%22Tankdrachen%22.+Die+Kriegf%C3%BChrung+an+der+Westfront+1916%E2%80%931918+im+Spannungsverh%C3%A4ltnis+zwischen+Einsatz+eines+neuartigen+Kriegsmittels+der+Alliierten+und+deutschen+Bem%C3%BChungen+um+seine+Bek%C3%A4mpfung&rft.inst=Humboldt-Universit%C3%A4t+zu+Berlin&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F724056938&rft.aulast=Fasse&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedoc.hu-berlin.de%2Fdissertationen%2Ffasse-alexander-2007-06-21%2FPDF%2Ffasse.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammond2005" class="citation thesis cs1">Hammond, C. B. (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433696"><i>The Theory and Practice of Tank Co-operation with other Arms on the Western Front during the First World War</i></a></span> (pdf). University of Birmingham. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500192984">500192984</a>. uk.bl.ethos.433696<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Theory+and+Practice+of+Tank+Co-operation+with+other+Arms+on+the+Western+Front+during+the+First+World+War&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Birmingham&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500192984&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=C.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fuin%3Duk.bl.ethos.433696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarris2009" class="citation book cs1">Harris, J. P. (2009) [2008]. <i>Douglas Haig and the First World War</i> (repr. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89802-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89802-7"><bdi>978-0-521-89802-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+Haig+and+the+First+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=repr.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89802-7&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Cambrai+%281917%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai (1917)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/reference/army_flag/wwi.html">U.S. Army Center of Military History: World War I Campaigns</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/battles/battles-of-the-western-front-in-france-and-flanders/the-cambrai-operations-1917-battle-of-cambrai/">The Cambrai Operations: 20 November to 7 December 1917 from the British Army in the Great War</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060204115938/http://www.1914-1918.net/sacredground/cambrai/Bat21phototour.htm">the battlefield today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/maps/cambrai.jpg">Map 1914–1918.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928044926/http://www.thebattleofcambrai.co.uk/">Photos of the battlefield taken 89 years to the month of the 1917 battle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/landships/home/narratives/1917/cambrainarratives">Lists of individual tanks and their actions at Cambrai</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I23289" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_I" title="Template talk:World War I"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War I"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_I23289" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_I" title="Outline of World War I">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_of_World_War_I" title="List of military engagements of World War I">Military engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" title="Allied occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur_(1916)" title="Invasion of Darfur (1916)">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription493" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Ukrainian_Canadians" title="Internment of Ukrainian Canadians">Internment of Ukrainian Canadians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I" title="Category:World War I">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tank_battles1423" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tank_battles" title="Template:Tank battles"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tank_battles" title="Template talk:Tank battles"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tank_battles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tank battles"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tank_battles1423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tank battles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Cambrai (1917)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khalkhin_Gol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Khalkhin Gol">Battle of Khalkhin Gol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tomasz%C3%B3w_Lubelski" title="Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski">Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hannut" title="Battle of Hannut">Battle of Hannut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sedan_(1940)" title="Battle of Sedan (1940)">Battle of Sedan (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brody_(1941)" title="Battle of Brody (1941)">Battle of Brody (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crusader" title="Operation Crusader">Operation Crusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_Storm" title="Operation Winter Storm">Operation Winter Storm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prokhorovka" title="Battle of Prokhorovka">Battle of Prokhorovka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Goodwood" title="Operation Goodwood">Operation Goodwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Radzymin_(1944)" title="Battle of Radzymin (1944)">Battle of Radzymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Studzianki" title="Battle of Studzianki">Battle of Studzianki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dukla_Pass" title="Battle of the Dukla Pass">Battle of the Dukla Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arracourt" title="Battle of Arracourt">Battle of Arracourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grand_Slam" title="Operation Grand Slam">Operation Grand Slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Phillora" title="Battle of Phillora">Battle of Phillora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamb">Battle of Chamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basantar" title="Battle of Basantar">Battle of Basantar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Badr_(1973)" title="Operation Badr (1973)">Operation Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tears" title="Valley of Tears">Valley of Tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chinese_Farm" title="Battle of the Chinese Farm">Battle of the Chinese Farm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nasr" title="Operation Nasr">Operation Nasr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_73_Easting" title="Battle of 73 Easting">Battle of 73 Easting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Norfolk" 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