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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tower_Green&params=51_30_29.1_N_0_4_37.2_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′29.1″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°4′37.2″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.508083°N 0.077000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.508083; -0.077000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Courtyard within the Tower of London</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ScaffoldSite02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ScaffoldSite02.JPG/220px-ScaffoldSite02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ScaffoldSite02.JPG/330px-ScaffoldSite02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ScaffoldSite02.JPG/440px-ScaffoldSite02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>The commemorated spot on Tower Green where the execution scaffolds were erected</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tower Green</b> is a space within the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, a royal castle in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, where two <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">Queens consort</a> and several other <a href="/wiki/British_nobility" title="British nobility">British nobles</a> were <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">executed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">beheading</a>. It was considered more dignified for nobility to be executed away from spectators, and Queens <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Howard" title="Catherine Howard">Catherine Howard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a> were among the nobility beheaded here. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> asked for information on the exact location where the executions took place and had some granite paving laid to mark the spot. However, it is unclear whether the location is indeed correct because other sources place it on the current parade ground between the <a href="/wiki/White_Tower_(Tower_of_London)" title="White Tower (Tower of London)">White Tower</a> and the entrance to the current Waterloo Barracks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tower_Green&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_ScaffoldSite01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tower_ScaffoldSite01.jpg/170px-Tower_ScaffoldSite01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tower_ScaffoldSite01.jpg/255px-Tower_ScaffoldSite01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tower_ScaffoldSite01.jpg/340px-Tower_ScaffoldSite01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Side of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula" title="Church of St Peter ad Vincula">Church of St Peter ad Vincula</a> viewed across Tower Green</figcaption></figure> <p>Tower Green is an open space located south of the <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Royal" title="Chapel Royal">Chapel Royal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula" title="Church of St Peter ad Vincula">St. Peter ad Vincula</a>. Beheading in the privacy of the Tower Green was considered a privilege of <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">rank</a>; the executed were spared insults from jeering crowds, and the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarch</a> was spared bad publicity. Other prisoners in the tower were executed in public on <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a>, just outside the fortress, or at <a href="/wiki/Tyburn" title="Tyburn">Tyburn</a> on the other side of the city. In the middle of the green is a small square plot paved with <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, which shows the site commonly believed to be the spot on which stood the scaffold on which private executions took place. The granite paving was specially created by order of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-84176-170-2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-84176-170-2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-84353-093-7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-84353-093-7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is dispute that the memorial site is actually the scaffold site. It appears that there are sources that indicate that the site of the current memorial is merely a spot incorrectly pointed out to Queen Victoria, by an unknowing Yeoman Warder, when she inquired about the scaffold site during a visit to the Tower. Other sources describe Anne Boleyn's final walk to the scaffold, at a location on the current parade ground, between the White Tower and the entrance to the current Waterloo Barracks (not built until 1845). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tower_Green&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_(National_Gallery_de_Londres,_1834).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg/220px-PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg/330px-PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg/440px-PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="3288" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Execution_of_Lady_Jane_Grey_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Execution of Lady Jane Grey (painting)">The Execution of Lady Jane Grey (le Supplice de Jeanne Grey)</a></i> by the French <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> painter, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Delaroche" title="Paul Delaroche">Paul Delaroche</a>, 1833.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the area was used as a <a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">burial ground</a>. As a result of relaying the 19th century granite <a href="/wiki/Sett_(paving)" title="Sett (paving)">sett</a> stones, shallow excavations of the foundations revealed remains of a building that sat on that site. Historic plans of the Tower of London show a building at the site of the Tower Green. It was demolished in 1684, but was rebuilt in 1685. It was removed once again soon thereafter. It appears that the building was used at the time as a guardhouse for the predecessors of the <a href="/wiki/Yeomen_Warders" title="Yeomen Warders">Yeomen Warders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Archeology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archeology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executions at the Tower Green were done inside this building to maintain the privacy of the nobles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executions">Executions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tower_Green&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Executions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following nobles are known to have been executed by beheading (all by an <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axe</a> except Anne Boleyn, who was beheaded with a <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a>) on the Tower Green: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings</a>, by order of <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a>, in 1483.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-84176-170-2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-84176-170-2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Queen <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a>, second <a href="/wiki/Wives_of_Henry_VIII" title="Wives of Henry VIII">wife of King Henry VIII</a>, 19 May 1536.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-306-81474-9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-306-81474-9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Pole,_8th_Countess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury">Margaret, Countess of Salisbury</a>, the last of the <a href="/wiki/Plantagenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a> dynasty on 27 May 1541.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-7083-1783-9_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-7083-1783-9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Queen <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Howard" title="Catherine Howard">Catherine Howard</a>, fifth wife of Henry VIII, by a <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_attainder" title="Bill of attainder">bill of attainder</a> on 13 February 1542.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-8021-3683-4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-8021-3683-4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Boleyn,_Viscountess_Rochford" title="Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford">Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford</a>, by order of Henry VIII on 13 February 1542.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-345-48541-6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-345-48541-6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a>, the "Nine Days Queen", wife of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Guildford_Dudley" title="Lord Guildford Dudley">Lord Guildford Dudley</a>, by order of a special commission for <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">High treason</a>, on 12 February 1554.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-7509-2816-6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-7509-2816-6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex</a> for <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> on 25 February 1601.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-84212-285-1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-84212-285-1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The bodies of all seven were buried in the Chapel of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula" title="Church of St Peter ad Vincula">St Peter ad Vincula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-84176-170-2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-84176-170-2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the seven listed above, there are three additional names listed on the memorial: Malcolm Macpherson, Samuel Macpherson and Farquhar Shaw. These men soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Watch" title="Black Watch">Black Watch</a> Regiment from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Scottish Highlands</a> were convicted of <a href="/wiki/42nd_Regiment_of_Foot#First_action_and_mutiny" title="42nd Regiment of Foot">mutiny</a> and were executed on the Tower Green on 19 July 1743 by a twelve-man firing squad composed of their fellow soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tower_Green&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tower_Green&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-84176-170-2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-84176-170-2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-84176-170-2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-84176-170-2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFParnell,_GeoffreyLapper,_Ivan2000" class="citation book cs1">Parnell, Geoffrey; Lapper, Ivan (2000). <i>The Tower of London: A 2000 Year History (Landmarks in History)</i>. Osprey Publishing (UK). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-170-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-170-2"><bdi>1-84176-170-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tower+of+London%3A+A+2000+Year+History+%28Landmarks+in+History%29&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+%28UK%29&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-84176-170-2&rft.au=Parnell%2C+Geoffrey&rft.au=Lapper%2C+Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-84353-093-7-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-84353-093-7_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaines,_JoeRob_HumphreysJudith_BamberSean_Bidder2003" class="citation book cs1">Staines, Joe; Rob Humphreys; Judith Bamber; Sean Bidder; Charles Campion; Jane Czyzselska; Val Humphreys (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetolond00hump"><i>The Rough Guide to London (Rough Guide London)</i></a></span>. Rough Guides Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84353-093-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84353-093-7"><bdi>1-84353-093-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+London+%28Rough+Guide+London%29&rft.pub=Rough+Guides+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-84353-093-7&rft.au=Staines%2C+Joe&rft.au=Rob+Humphreys&rft.au=Judith+Bamber&rft.au=Sean+Bidder&rft.au=Charles+Campion&rft.au=Jane+Czyzselska&rft.au=Val+Humphreys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetolond00hump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archeology-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archeology_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrp.org.uk/NewsAndMedia/Pressresources/JacobianLife.aspx">"Evidence of Tudor and Jacobean Life uncovered at the Tower of London"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evidence+of+Tudor+and+Jacobean+Life+uncovered+at+the+Tower+of+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrp.org.uk%2FNewsAndMedia%2FPressresources%2FJacobianLife.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParnellG1979" class="citation journal cs1">ParnellG (1979). "Observations on Tower Green". <i>London Archaeologist</i>. <b>3</b> (12): 320–326.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Archaeologist&rft.atitle=Observations+on+Tower+Green&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=320-326&rft.date=1979&rft.au=ParnellG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-306-81474-9-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-306-81474-9_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenny,_Joanna2006" class="citation book cs1">Denny, Joanna (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anneboleyn00joan/page/317"><i>Anne Boleyn: A New Life of England's Tragic Queen</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass: Perseus Books Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anneboleyn00joan/page/317">317</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81474-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81474-9"><bdi>0-306-81474-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anne+Boleyn%3A+A+New+Life+of+England%27s+Tragic+Queen&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=Perseus+Books+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-306-81474-9&rft.au=Denny%2C+Joanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanneboleyn00joan%2Fpage%2F317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-7083-1783-9-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-7083-1783-9_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierce,_Hazel2003" class="citation book cs1">Pierce, Hazel (2003). <i>Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541: loyalty, lineage and leadership</i>. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7083-1783-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7083-1783-9"><bdi>0-7083-1783-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Pole%2C+Countess+of+Salisbury%2C+1473-1541%3A+loyalty%2C+lineage+and+leadership&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7083-1783-9&rft.au=Pierce%2C+Hazel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-8021-3683-4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-8021-3683-4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir,_Alison1991" class="citation book cs1">Weir, Alison (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixwivesofhenryv00weir_1"><i>The six wives of Henry VIII</i></a></span>. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixwivesofhenryv00weir_1/page/475">475</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3683-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3683-4"><bdi>0-8021-3683-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+six+wives+of+Henry+VIII&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=475&rft.pub=Grove+Weidenfeld&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8021-3683-4&rft.au=Weir%2C+Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsixwivesofhenryv00weir_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-345-48541-6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-345-48541-6_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulia_Fox2007" class="citation book cs1">Julia Fox (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/janeboleyntruest0000foxj"><i>Jane Boleyn: The True Story of the Infamous Lady Rochford</i></a>. [New York: Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-48541-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-48541-0"><bdi>978-0-345-48541-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane+Boleyn%3A+The+True+Story+of+the+Infamous+Lady+Rochford&rft.place=%5BNew+York&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-345-48541-0&rft.au=Julia+Fox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjaneboleyntruest0000foxj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-7509-2816-6-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-7509-2816-6_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlowden,_Alison2003" class="citation book cs1">Plowden, Alison (2003). <i>Lady Jane Grey: nine days queen</i>. Stroud: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-2816-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-2816-6"><bdi>0-7509-2816-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Jane+Grey%3A+nine+days+queen&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7509-2816-6&rft.au=Plowden%2C+Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-84212-285-1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-84212-285-1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacey,_Robert2001" class="citation book cs1">Lacey, Robert (2001). <i>Phoenix: Robert, Earl of Essex: An Elizabethan Icarus</i>. London: Phoenix Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84212-285-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84212-285-1"><bdi>1-84212-285-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phoenix%3A+Robert%2C+Earl+of+Essex%3A+An+Elizabethan+Icarus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-84212-285-1&rft.au=Lacey%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110063912/http://www.hrp.org.uk/Resources/Memorial%20-%20executions%20at%20the%20Tower%20of%20London%20factsheet.pdf">"Tower of London - Site of Execution Memorial Executions at The Tower Of London"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tower of London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrp.org.uk/Resources/Memorial%20-%20executions%20at%20the%20Tower%20of%20London%20factsheet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tower+of+London+-+Site+of+Execution+Memorial+Executions+at+The+Tower+Of+London&rft.pub=Tower+of+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrp.org.uk%2FResources%2FMemorial%2520-%2520executions%2520at%2520the%2520Tower%2520of%2520London%2520factsheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATower+Green" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_history" title="Template:London history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_history" title="Template talk:London history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_London" title="History of London">History of London</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Lundenwic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Roman London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Anglo-Saxon London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_and_Medieval_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman and Medieval London">Norman and Medieval London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_London" title="Tudor London">Tudor London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_London" title="Stuart London">Stuart London</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th-century_London" title="18th-century London">18th-century London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_London" title="19th-century London">19th-century London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London_(1900%E2%80%931939)" title="History of London (1900–1939)">1900–1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_in_World_War_II" title="London in World War II">World War II</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London#1945–2000" title="History of London">1945–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London#21st_century" title="History of London">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">Coronations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death_in_England" title="Black Death in England">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak" title="1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak">1854 cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Stink" title="Great Stink">Great Stink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">Great Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_Exhibition" title="Franco-British Exhibition">1908 Franco-British Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">The Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smog_of_London" title="Great Smog of London">Great Smog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Abdication of Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_Sixties" title="Swinging Sixties">Swinging London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="1966 FIFA World Cup final">1966 FIFA World Cup final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_and_Regent%27s_Park_bombings" title="Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings">Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests#London" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">Anti-war protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7/7 bombings</a></li> <li>Olympic Games <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics" title="2012 Summer Paralympics">2012 Summer Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire" title="Grenfell Tower fire">Grenfell Tower fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Historic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a></li></ul></li> <li>Current <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_London" title="List of political parties in London">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="London Labour Party">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conservatives" title="London Conservatives">Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Green_Party" title="London Green Party">London Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_independence" title="London independence">London independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Street_Runners" title="Bow Street Runners">Bow Street Runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Metropolitan_Police" title="History of the Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Ambulance_Service" title="London Ambulance Service">London Ambulance Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_London_Authority" title="Port of London Authority">Port of London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_sewer_system" title="London sewer system">London sewer system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_London_Underground" title="History of the London Underground">London Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="London Metropolitan Archives">London Metropolitan Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_City_of_London" title="Wards of the City of London">Wards of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery_company" title="Livery company">Livery Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show" title="Lord Mayor's Show">Lord Mayor's Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Palace of Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">The Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_London" title="Fortifications of London">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Greater_London" title="Scheduled monuments in Greater London">Scheduled monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_London" title="Category:History of London">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_royal_residences" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_palaces_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Royal palaces in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_palaces_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Royal palaces in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_palaces_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal palaces in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_royal_residences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_residences" title="List of British royal residences">British royal residences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEF;;width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Castle" title="Hillsborough Castle">Hillsborough Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEF;;width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkhall" title="Birkhall">Birkhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigowan_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Craigowan Lodge">Craigowan Lodge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatcombe_Park" title="Gatcombe Park">Gatcombe Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgrove_House" title="Highgrove House">Highgrove House</a></li> <li>Kensington Palace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Cottage" title="Ivy Cottage">Ivy Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Cottage" title="Nottingham Cottage">Nottingham Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wren_House" title="Wren House">Wren House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llwynywermod" title="Llwynywermod">Llwynywermod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anmer_Hall" title="Anmer Hall">Anmer Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Farm" title="Wood Farm">Wood Farm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarisk,_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Tamarisk, Isles of Scilly">Tamarisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatched_House_Lodge" title="Thatched House Lodge">Thatched House Lodge</a></li> <li>Windsor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Cottage" title="Adelaide Cottage">Adelaide Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagshot_Park" title="Bagshot Park">Bagshot Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogmore_Cottage" title="Frogmore Cottage">Frogmore Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Lodge" title="Royal Lodge">Royal Lodge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEF;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_residences#Former_royal_residences" title="List of British royal residences">Former royal residences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tower_Green&params=51_30_29.1_N_0_4_37.2_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span 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