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(PDF) Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="2S4Lfzc257qCsGkcjoCLoVVO6VQ4MbBLcnydNm7KgUI51kGC8R3PV57wvhLu4YYcjXnVj6siXjEVmtuW7keiXw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Florence Bétrisey" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/9725493/Small_Farmers_in_Florida_Province_Bolivia_Reciprocity_in_Practice" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Peasant societies are often seen by neoliberal or Marxist theorists as passive subjects of political-economic transformations occurring at a higher level, only surviving through acculturation to market requirements. By analyzing agricultural work" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/1133220/397360/10807232/s200_florence.b_trisey.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/9725493/Small_Farmers_in_Florida_Province_Bolivia_Reciprocity_in_Practice" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Peasant societies are often seen by neoliberal or Marxist theorists as passive subjects of political-economic transformations occurring at a higher level, only surviving through acculturation to market requirements. By analyzing agricultural work" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unil.academia.edu/FlorenceB%C3%A9trisey" /> <meta name="description" content="Peasant societies are often seen by neoliberal or Marxist theorists as passive subjects of political-economic transformations occurring at a higher level, only surviving through acculturation to market requirements. By analyzing agricultural work" /> <title>(PDF) Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/9725493/Small_Farmers_in_Florida_Province_Bolivia_Reciprocity_in_Practice" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '65688b5f01769e4981f5a2be5e5aa7813b2e8d05'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740599111000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740599111000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Peasant societies are often seen by neoliberal or Marxist theorists as passive subjects of political-economic transformations occurring at a higher level, only surviving through acculturation to market requirements. By analyzing agricultural work organization in highland communities and a local system of water management called Acuerdos Reciprocos por el Agua (Reciprocal Agreements for Water), developed in 2003 by the Natura Bolivia foundation in Florida Province in Bolivia, we show that, contrary to this perception, traditional reciprocal norms still play an essential role in decision making. This suggests the agency of rural societies and the resilience of traditional reciprocity-based norms in mountain regions.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Florence Bétrisey","url":"https://unil.academia.edu/FlorenceB%C3%A9trisey"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2014-12-11","headline":"Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35911937/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Economic Sociology","Latin American Studies","Sociology of Work","Reciprocity (Social and Cultural Anthropology)","Karl Polanyi","Bolivia","Family Farming","Water 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{"work":{"id":9725493,"created_at":"2014-12-11T05:42:12.071-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-30T18:04:28.180-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Peasant societies are often seen by neoliberal or Marxist theorists as passive subjects of political-economic transformations occurring at a higher level, only surviving through acculturation to market requirements. By analyzing agricultural work organization in highland communities and a local system of water management called Acuerdos Reciprocos por el Agua (Reciprocal Agreements for Water), developed in 2003 by the Natura Bolivia foundation in Florida Province in Bolivia, we show that, contrary to this perception, traditional reciprocal norms still play an essential role in decision making. This suggests the agency of rural societies and the resilience of traditional reciprocity-based norms in mountain regions.","ai_title_tag":"Reciprocity and Agency Among Small Farmers in Bolivia"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1133220]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":35911937,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/35911937/mini_magick20190310-24720-1nus9j3.png?1552285510" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Small Farmers in Florida Province, Bolivia: Reciprocity in Practice</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1133220" href="https://unil.academia.edu/FlorenceB%C3%A9trisey"><img alt="Profile image of Florence Bétrisey" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1133220/397360/10807232/s65_florence.b_trisey.jpg" />Florence Bétrisey</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 9725493; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=9725493"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Peasant societies are often seen by neoliberal or Marxist theorists as passive subjects of political-economic transformations occurring at a higher level, only surviving through acculturation to market requirements. By analyzing agricultural work organization in highland communities and a local system of water management called Acuerdos Reciprocos por el Agua (Reciprocal Agreements for Water), developed in 2003 by the Natura Bolivia foundation in Florida Province in Bolivia, we show that, contrary to this perception, traditional reciprocal norms still play an essential role in decision making. This suggests the agency of rural societies and the resilience of traditional reciprocity-based norms in mountain regions.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":35911937,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/9725493/Small_Farmers_in_Florida_Province_Bolivia_Reciprocity_in_Practice"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":35911937,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/9725493/Small_Farmers_in_Florida_Province_Bolivia_Reciprocity_in_Practice"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="9725493" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Journal of Peasant Studies 40(4):659-682.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4929996" href="https://unm.academia.edu/MarygoldWalshDilley">Marygold Walsh-Dilley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Peasant Studies, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Scholars often highlight the capacity for cooperation and reciprocity as one of the most outstanding features of Andean peasants, but also raise concerns that these traditional strategies necessarily wither and fade as Andean people and places are increasingly incorporated into capitalist markets and processes. This study examines how nonmarket cooperative and reciprocal economic practices are affected as rural Bolivians expand production to meet a growing international demand for the Andean pseudograin quinoa. Based on the grounded experiences of rural Bolivians who are negotiating the modernisation and martketisation of agricultural production for the first time, I find that increasing incorporation into global markets need not undermine the moral economy of rural people, and may in fact strengthen their commitment to reciprocal and cooperative strategies. In contrast to claims that the spread of modern markets and technologies will weaken and ultimately replace cooperative strategies, I argue that reciprocity practices are important components in the construction of a new, hybrid economic space. Within this space, where economic strategies are based on moral sentiments as well as market logic, reciprocity provides a socially and ecologically appropriate ‘toolkit’ with which rural people negotiate their uneven incorporation into global capitalistic processes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Negotiating hybridity in highland Bolivia: indigenous moral economy and the expanding market for quinoa (2013). Journal of Peasant Studies 40(4):659-682.","attachmentId":36365733,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4510076/Negotiating_hybridity_in_highland_Bolivia_indigenous_moral_economy_and_the_expanding_market_for_quinoa_2013_Journal_of_Peasant_Studies_40_4_659_682","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4510076/Negotiating_hybridity_in_highland_Bolivia_indigenous_moral_economy_and_the_expanding_market_for_quinoa_2013_Journal_of_Peasant_Studies_40_4_659_682"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="28248941" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28248941/Understanding_the_Roles_of_Fairness_and_Power_Relations_in_Rural_Trade_in_the_Bolivian_Altiplano">Understanding the Roles of Fairness and Power Relations in Rural Trade in the Bolivian Altiplano</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6816608" href="https://ids.academia.edu/RachelWood">Rachel Godfrey-Wood</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ethnographic research has established the centrality of markets to Andean rural livelihoods, but understandings of fairness and different market actors' power relations in these markets are less clear. Using ten months of ethnographic research in Bolivia's Altiplano, this case study reveals strategies and moral narratives of peasant producers and market traders in an emerging pea market. While traders attempt to deceive producers, the latter have their own means of exploiting competition between traders and advancing their own moral narratives about how the market should operate. Thus, the market is an economic fi eld and a moral one, and traders can be punished for excessively prioritizing profi t maximization. The moral nature of the pea trade should be viewed not as a quirk of Andean culture but as an illustration of the embeddedness of all markets and the need for critical examination of the moral economies of market interactions across the capitalist world.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Understanding the Roles of Fairness and Power Relations in Rural Trade in the Bolivian Altiplano","attachmentId":48569144,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28248941/Understanding_the_Roles_of_Fairness_and_Power_Relations_in_Rural_Trade_in_the_Bolivian_Altiplano","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28248941/Understanding_the_Roles_of_Fairness_and_Power_Relations_in_Rural_Trade_in_the_Bolivian_Altiplano"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="50278754" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50278754/Peasantry_and_Agrarian_Capitalism_from_below_The_Peasant_Communities_of_the_Bolivian_Southern_Highlands_under_the_Quinoa_boom">Peasantry and Agrarian Capitalism from below: The Peasant Communities of the Bolivian Southern Highlands under the Quinoa-boom</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11924023" href="https://unibz.academia.edu/FrancescaUleri">Francesca Uleri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The peasantry is often seen as a homogenous and undifferentiated body representing a common ‘other’ to, and within, the expansion of capitalism on the agrarian ground. Despite this widespread vision – frequently supported by a reality in which a modern latifundia system develops at the expense of a peasantry channeled into a course of proletarianization – the peasants themselves can be promoters of a form of capitalism 'from below’. This article, drawing on the Marxist discussion on the origin of capitalism, presents the case of the quinoa producing communities of the Bolivian Southern Highlands. Here, in the wake of the growing international demand for quinoa, peasants give shape to a process of social differentiation. The analy- sis is conducted by taking into consideration the evolution of the control over two key-elements: land and labour.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Peasantry and Agrarian Capitalism from below: The Peasant Communities of the Bolivian Southern Highlands under the Quinoa-boom","attachmentId":68324001,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50278754/Peasantry_and_Agrarian_Capitalism_from_below_The_Peasant_Communities_of_the_Bolivian_Southern_Highlands_under_the_Quinoa_boom","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50278754/Peasantry_and_Agrarian_Capitalism_from_below_The_Peasant_Communities_of_the_Bolivian_Southern_Highlands_under_the_Quinoa_boom"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="23093126" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23093126/Reciprocity_without_cooperation_Small_producer_networks_and_political_identities_in_Bolivia">Reciprocity without cooperation. Small producer networks and political identities in Bolivia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33710571" href="https://ucbcba.academia.edu/FernandaWanderley">Fernanda Wanderley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">My empirical study in Bolivia found that small production was embedded in a sociocultural milieu similar to the ones described in the industrial districs and clusters. However, the subsequent connections leading to inter-firm cooperation that the industrial district would predict were missing. The starting point was the same: the ties among firms were not only economic. Ethnic, kin and neighborhood relationships connected small producers in local markets, they shared membership in business associations and participated in a rich associational life in dense network of relationships. Moreover, producers recognized themselves as part of a group with the same class and ethnic positions. But, instead of extending general trust and reciprocity identified as important social conditions for systematic inter-firm cooperation, reciprocity and solidarity sustained specific types of cooperation and collective action while, in the production flow, arm’s-length transactions between firms predominated.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reciprocity without cooperation. Small producer networks and political identities in Bolivia","attachmentId":43593207,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23093126/Reciprocity_without_cooperation_Small_producer_networks_and_political_identities_in_Bolivia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23093126/Reciprocity_without_cooperation_Small_producer_networks_and_political_identities_in_Bolivia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="17436426" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17436426/Agrarian_Capitalism_and_Struggles_over_Hegemony_in_the_Bolivian_Lowlands">Agrarian Capitalism and Struggles over Hegemony in the Bolivian Lowlands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21705884" href="https://unc.academia.edu/Gabrielavaldivia">Gabriela valdivia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Latin American Perspectives, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">... by Gabriela Valdivia ... Formal institutions (eg, laws that emphasize private property, top-down governance, market com-petitiveness, and profit generation) as well as informal relations of produc-tion (eg, compadrazgo,2 paternalism, patron-client relations) (Dore, 2006; Peña and ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Agrarian Capitalism and Struggles over Hegemony in the Bolivian Lowlands","attachmentId":40796512,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17436426/Agrarian_Capitalism_and_Struggles_over_Hegemony_in_the_Bolivian_Lowlands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17436426/Agrarian_Capitalism_and_Struggles_over_Hegemony_in_the_Bolivian_Lowlands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="6594569" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6594569/Peasant_Response_to_the_Market_and_the_Land_Question_in_18th_and_19th_Century_Bolivia">Peasant Response to the Market and the Land Question in 18th and 19th Century Bolivia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2826395" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/HerbertSKlein">Herbert S Klein</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">"Peasant Response to the Market and the Land Question in 18th and 19th Century Bolivia," Nova Americana (Torino), V (1983), 103-133</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Question in I 8th and I 9th Century Bolivia</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Peasant Response to the Market and the Land Question in 18th and 19th Century Bolivia","attachmentId":33343714,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6594569/Peasant_Response_to_the_Market_and_the_Land_Question_in_18th_and_19th_Century_Bolivia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6594569/Peasant_Response_to_the_Market_and_the_Land_Question_in_18th_and_19th_Century_Bolivia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="1315094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1315094/The_construction_of_an_alternative_quinoa_economy_balancing_solidarity_household_needs_and_profit_in_San_Agust%C3%ADn_Bolivia">The construction of an alternative quinoa economy: balancing solidarity, household needs, and profit in San Agustín, Bolivia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="440810" href="https://ncsu.academia.edu/AndrewOfstehage">Andrew Ofstehage</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Quinoa farmers in San Agustín, Bolivia face the dilemma of producing for a growing international market while defending their community interests and resources, meeting their basic household needs, and making a profit. Farmers responded to a changing market in the 1970s by creating committees in defense of quinoa and farmer cooperatives to represent their interests and maximize economic returns. Today farmer cooperatives offer high, stable prices, politically represent farmers, and are major quinoa exporters, but intermediaries continue to play an important role in the local economy. Meanwhile, some farmers rebuff the national cooperatives and intermediaries in favor of a denomination of origin and closer association with local cooperatives. This article, based on 4 months of ethnographic research, explores the reasons for the continued presence of intermediaries on the market landscape and how farmers have worked to create a quinoa economy embedded with fair trade values. Farmers demand stable prices, flexible standards, provision of services, and promises of maintaining the distinctive qualities of San Agustín quinoa. They frame their trades in economic, utility, and solidarity terms to reflect their livelihood strategies, farming capabilities, and personal concepts of fair trade. Meanwhile cooperatives, development initiatives, and intermediaries each argue that their particular buying practices allow farmers to attain household goods, credit, and cash for food and economic security.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The construction of an alternative quinoa economy: balancing solidarity, household needs, and profit in San Agustín, Bolivia","attachmentId":59352968,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1315094/The_construction_of_an_alternative_quinoa_economy_balancing_solidarity_household_needs_and_profit_in_San_Agust%C3%ADn_Bolivia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1315094/The_construction_of_an_alternative_quinoa_economy_balancing_solidarity_household_needs_and_profit_in_San_Agust%C3%ADn_Bolivia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="33925016" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33925016/Theorizing_Reciprocity_Andean_Cooperation_and_the_Reproduction_of_Community_in_Highland_Bolivia_2017_in_Journal_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Anthropology">Theorizing Reciprocity: Andean Cooperation and the Reproduction of Community in Highland Bolivia (2017) in Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4929996" href="https://unm.academia.edu/MarygoldWalshDilley">Marygold Walsh-Dilley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Andean Studies cohered, in large part, around the shared notion of reciprocity as a central element of indigenous Andean culture, and reciprocity (ayni) continues both as an active practice among Andean communities and an idealized form of human interaction that is called upon in political and other movements. However, the uses of ayni in contemporary political discourses have been critiqued as essentializing and antiquated. This article proposes a re-theorization of reciprocity as a moral–symbolic economic practice that is socially reproduced through the material practices of everyday life. Re-imagining reciprocity in this way frames cooperative practices within the Andes as dynamic and shifting forms of interaction that serve ethical, symbolic, and economic purposes, and thereby avoids treating Andean reciprocity as a traditional artifact. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork in three highland Bolivian communities, this work finds that reciprocal interaction forms an important site in which Andean communities are reproduced.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Theorizing Reciprocity: Andean Cooperation and the Reproduction of Community in Highland Bolivia (2017) in Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology","attachmentId":53893700,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33925016/Theorizing_Reciprocity_Andean_Cooperation_and_the_Reproduction_of_Community_in_Highland_Bolivia_2017_in_Journal_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Anthropology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33925016/Theorizing_Reciprocity_Andean_Cooperation_and_the_Reproduction_of_Community_in_Highland_Bolivia_2017_in_Journal_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Anthropology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="6913901" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6913901/Indigenous_peoples_vs_peasant_unions_land_conflicts_and_rural_movements_in_plurinational_Bolivia">Indigenous peoples vs peasant unions: land conflicts and rural movements in plurinational Bolivia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="154971" href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/LorenzaFontana">Lorenza B Fontana</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Peasant Studies, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">""Agrarian reforms do not constitute linear processes: rather, they are based on the interconnection between the crystallization of land governance in formal tenure rules and the way societies organize around a set of identities and power mechanisms. This paper focuses on how the misinterpretation of this two-way relationship, in setting up a new normative framework, can generate unintended consequences in terms of conflict. The recent wave of land conflicts in Bolivia shows how changes in the allocation of strategic resources inspired by the so-called ‘politics of recognition’ triggered processes of political ethnicization and organizational fragmentation, eventually contributing to fuelling new tensions between indigenous groups and peasant unions.""</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Indigenous peoples vs peasant unions: land conflicts and rural movements in plurinational Bolivia","attachmentId":34705214,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6913901/Indigenous_peoples_vs_peasant_unions_land_conflicts_and_rural_movements_in_plurinational_Bolivia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6913901/Indigenous_peoples_vs_peasant_unions_land_conflicts_and_rural_movements_in_plurinational_Bolivia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="77085239" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77085239/Renegotiating_communal_autonomy_communal_land_rights_and_liberal_land_reform_on_the_Bolivian_altiplano_Carangas_1860_1930">Renegotiating communal autonomy: communal land rights and liberal land reform on the Bolivian altiplano: Carangas, 1860-1930</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="122257567" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HanneCottyn">Hanne Cottyn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This dissertation is the result of a detailed analysis of the local dynamics generated in the context of an anti-corporatist land reform in a rural region marked by a strong communal control over land. The presented case study is informed by a broader analytical framework that allows for a critical assessment of peripheral agency within a globalizing world. With this research, I aim to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of global-local interactions in which local actors, and particularly rural communities, creatively re-negotiate the terms of their participation and autonomy in the face of state- and market-driven integration processes. This ambition leads to the question of how trajectories of rural transition are shaped by the course of world-systemic expansion and, the other way around, how processes of globalization are “fuelled” by local dynamics of rural change. Do these local-global entanglements constellate a more homogeneous world, or do they feed new trends o...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Renegotiating communal autonomy: communal land rights and liberal land reform on the Bolivian altiplano: Carangas, 1860-1930","attachmentId":84573266,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77085239/Renegotiating_communal_autonomy_communal_land_rights_and_liberal_land_reform_on_the_Bolivian_altiplano_Carangas_1860_1930","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77085239/Renegotiating_communal_autonomy_communal_land_rights_and_liberal_land_reform_on_the_Bolivian_altiplano_Carangas_1860_1930"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35911937,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35911937,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_35911937" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="99983962" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99983962/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press_Chapter_Title_REDISTRIBUTE_LAND_SOON_Book_Title_Fields_of_Revolution_Book_Subtitle_Agrarian_Reform_and_Rural_State_Formation_in_Bolivia_1935_1964_Book_Author_s_CARMEN_SOLIZ_Published_by_University_of_Pittsburgh_Press">University of Pittsburgh Press Chapter Title: REDISTRIBUTE LAND SOON Book Title: Fields of Revolution Book Subtitle: Agrarian Reform and Rural State Formation in Bolivia, 1935-1964 Book Author(s): CARMEN SOLIZ Published by: 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class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="41765355" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41765355/Forgetting_Peasants_History_Indigeneity_and_the_Anthropology_of_Revolution_in_Bolivia">Forgetting Peasants: History, “Indigeneity,” and the Anthropology of Revolution in Bolivia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1297657" href="https://ufba.academia.edu/ForrestHylton">Forrest Hylton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Leigh Binford et al., eds., Fifty Years of Peasant Wars in Latin America (Berghahn Press), 167-193, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Forgetting Peasants: History, “Indigeneity,” and the Anthropology of Revolution in Bolivia","attachmentId":67486152,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41765355/Forgetting_Peasants_History_Indigeneity_and_the_Anthropology_of_Revolution_in_Bolivia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41765355/Forgetting_Peasants_History_Indigeneity_and_the_Anthropology_of_Revolution_in_Bolivia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="4862821" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4862821/Bolivias_Unfinished_Agrarian_Reform_Rural_Poverty_and_Development_Policies">Bolivia's Unfinished Agrarian Reform: Rural Poverty and Development Policies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5781494" href="https://eur.academia.edu/CristobalKay">Cristobal Kay</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bolivia's Unfinished Agrarian Reform: Rural Poverty and Development Policies","attachmentId":32141400,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4862821/Bolivias_Unfinished_Agrarian_Reform_Rural_Poverty_and_Development_Policies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4862821/Bolivias_Unfinished_Agrarian_Reform_Rural_Poverty_and_Development_Policies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="72475421" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72475421/Un_Favorzote_Gender_and_Reciprocity_in_the_Andes">Un Favorzote " : Gender and Reciprocity in the Andes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3414728" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/MaryElenaEllaWilhoit">Mary Elena (Ella) Wilhoit</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Un Favorzote \" : Gender and Reciprocity in the Andes","attachmentId":83211476,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72475421/Un_Favorzote_Gender_and_Reciprocity_in_the_Andes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72475421/Un_Favorzote_Gender_and_Reciprocity_in_the_Andes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="59849500" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59849500/Laggards_or_Leaders_Conservers_of_Traditional_Agricultural_Knowledge_in_Bolivia">Laggards or Leaders: Conservers of Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Bolivia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3730043" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdwinYucra">Edwin Yucra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Rural Sociology, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Laggards or Leaders: Conservers of Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Bolivia","attachmentId":73559609,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59849500/Laggards_or_Leaders_Conservers_of_Traditional_Agricultural_Knowledge_in_Bolivia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59849500/Laggards_or_Leaders_Conservers_of_Traditional_Agricultural_Knowledge_in_Bolivia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="6979967" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6979967/Indigenous_Peasant_Otherness_Rural_Identities_and_Political_Processes_in_Bolivia">Indigenous Peasant ‘Otherness’: Rural Identities and Political Processes in Bolivia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="154971" href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/LorenzaFontana">Lorenza B Fontana</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs"> Bulletin of Latin American Research, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Indigenous Peasant ‘Otherness’: Rural Identities and Political Processes in Bolivia","attachmentId":34538011,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6979967/Indigenous_Peasant_Otherness_Rural_Identities_and_Political_Processes_in_Bolivia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6979967/Indigenous_Peasant_Otherness_Rural_Identities_and_Political_Processes_in_Bolivia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="5151207" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5151207/Wutich_A_2011_The_Moral_Economy_of_Water_Reexamined_Reciprocity_Water_Insecurity_and_Urban_Survival_in_Cochabamba_Bolivia_Journal_of_Anthropological_Research_67_1_5_26">Wutich, A. (2011) The Moral Economy of Water Reexamined: Reciprocity, Water Insecurity, and Urban Survival in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Journal of Anthropological Research. 67(1): 5-26.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89627" href="https://asu.academia.edu/AmberWutich">Amber Wutich</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wutich, A. (2011) The Moral Economy of Water Reexamined: Reciprocity, Water Insecurity, and Urban Survival in Cochabamba, Bolivia. 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