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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="دوقية بيرغ الكبرى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوقية بيرغ الكبرى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Велико херцогство Берг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Велико херцогство Берг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Ducat_de_Berg" title="Gran Ducat de Berg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gran Ducat de Berg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velkov%C3%A9vodstv%C3%AD_Berg" title="Velkovévodství Berg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velkovévodství Berg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storhertugd%C3%B8mmet_Berg" title="Storhertugdømmet Berg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Storhertugdømmet Berg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Berg" title="Großherzogtum Berg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großherzogtum Berg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergi_suurhertsogkond" title="Bergi suurhertsogkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bergi suurhertsogkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%94%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Μεγάλο Δουκάτο του Μπεργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγάλο Δουκάτο του Μπεργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Ducado_de_Berg" title="Gran Ducado de Berg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Ducado de Berg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandduklando_Berg" title="Grandduklando Berg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grandduklando Berg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand-duch%C3%A9_de_Berg" title="Grand-duché de Berg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand-duché de Berg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rd-di%C3%B9cachd_Bherg" title="Àrd-diùcachd Bherg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Àrd-diùcachd Bherg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%AD" title="베르크 대공국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르크 대공국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keharyapatihan_Berg" title="Keharyapatihan Berg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keharyapatihan Berg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granducato_di_Berg_(1806-1813)" title="Granducato di Berg (1806-1813) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Granducato di Berg (1806-1813)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="הדוכסות הגדולה של ברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הדוכסות הגדולה של ברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Уллу герцоглукъ Берг – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Уллу герцоглукъ Берг" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergi_Nagyhercegs%C3%A9g" title="Bergi Nagyhercegség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bergi Nagyhercegség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Големо Војводство Берг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Големо Војводство Берг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groothertogdom_Berg" title="Groothertogdom Berg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groothertogdom Berg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielkie_Ksi%C4%99stwo_Bergu" title="Wielkie Księstwo Bergu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielkie Księstwo Bergu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Великое герцогство Берг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Великое герцогство Берг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_D%C3%BCkal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Berg Büyük Dükalığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Berg Büyük Dükalığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Велике герцогство Берзьке – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Велике герцогство Берзьке" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_c%C3%B4ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Berg" title="Đại công quốc Berg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại công quốc Berg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="贝格大公国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贝格大公国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q249428#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Grand Duchy of Berg</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grand-duché de Berg</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Großherzogtum Berg</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1806–1813</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_(1806-1808).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Berg"><img alt="Flag of Berg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281806-1808%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281806-1808%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281806-1808%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281806-1808%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281806-1808%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281806-1808%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div>Flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_(Orn_ext).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Berg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Berg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/85px-Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/128px-Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/170px-Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_(1812).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grand Duchy of Berg in 1812"><img alt="The Grand Duchy of Berg in 1812" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281812%29.svg/250px-Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281812%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281812%29.svg/375px-Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281812%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281812%29.svg/500px-Grand_Duchy_of_Berg_%281812%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Grand Duchy of Berg in 1812</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Member state of the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Berg">Grand Duke</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1806–1808 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1808–1809 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1809–1813 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Louis_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Louis Bonaparte">Louis I</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 1806</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Confederation_of_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolition of the Confederation of the Rhine">Abolition of the Confederation of the Rhine</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 1813</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1811</th><td class="infobox-data">17,300 km<sup>2</sup> (6,700 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•  </div></th><td class="infobox-data">880,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bergischer_L%C3%B6we.svg/20px-Bergischer_L%C3%B6we.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bergischer_L%C3%B6we.svg/30px-Bergischer_L%C3%B6we.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bergischer_L%C3%B6we.svg/40px-Bergischer_L%C3%B6we.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="419" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Berg" title="Duchy of Berg">Duchy of Berg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Arms_of_the_House_of_Cleves.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Cleves.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Arms_of_the_House_of_Cleves.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Cleves.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Arms_of_the_House_of_Cleves.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Cleves.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Duchy of Cleves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_House_of_La_Marck.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_House_of_La_Marck.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_House_of_La_Marck.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_House_of_La_Marck.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_House_of_La_Marck.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_House_of_La_Marck.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Mark" title="County of Mark">County of Mark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Blason_Lahr.svg/20px-Blason_Lahr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Blason_Lahr.svg/30px-Blason_Lahr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Blason_Lahr.svg/40px-Blason_Lahr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster"><span class="nowrap">Principality of Münster</span></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Grand Duchy of Berg</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Großherzogtum Berg</i>), also known as the <b>Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves</b>, was a territorial <a href="/wiki/Grand_duchy" title="Grand duchy">grand duchy</a> established in 1806 by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> after his victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a> (1805) on territories between the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> river and the German <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Kingdom of Westphalia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchy_of_Berg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_J%C3%BClich" title="Duchy of Jülich">Duchy of Jülich</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Juliers</i>) during the <a href="/wiki/French_revolutionary_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="French revolutionary wars">French Revolutionary wars</a> in 1794 had again separated the two duchies of Jülich and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Berg" title="Duchy of Berg">Berg</a>, which since 1614 had both been ruled in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a> dukes of <a href="/wiki/Palatinate-Neuburg" title="Palatinate-Neuburg">Palatinate-Neuburg</a>. In 1803, the heir of Palatinate-Neuburg, the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavarian</a> elector <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria">Maximilian Joseph</a>, separated the remaining Duchy of Berg from his other Bavarian territories and granted it to his cousin <a href="/wiki/Duke_Wilhelm_in_Bavaria" title="Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria">William of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen</a> as administrator, whereby it came under the rule of a junior branch of the Wittelsbachs. </p><p>In 1806, in the reorganization of Germany occasioned by the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, Maximilian I Joseph, now <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bavaria" title="King of Bavaria">King of Bavaria</a>, ceded Berg to Napoleon in return for the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Ansbach" title="Principality of Ansbach">Principality of Ansbach</a>. On 15 March 1806, the French emperor put Berg under the rule of his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a>, including territories of the former Prussian <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Duchy of Cleves</a> east of the Rhine river.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murat's arms combined the red lion of Berg with the Cleves arms. The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat's position as Grand Admiral and as <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Empire" title="Marshal of the Empire">Marshal of the Empire</a>. As the husband of Napoleon's sister, he also had the right to use the imperial eagle. On 12 July 1806, Murat joined the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> and assumed the title of a <a href="/wiki/Grand_duke" title="Grand duke">grand duke</a>. His lands were further enlarged by the annexation of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Mark" title="County of Mark">County of Mark</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Prince-Bishopric of Münster</a>, the Imperial city of <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> and numerous minor territories of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish-Westphalian_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle</a>. </p><p>Murat eventually left the grand duchy in 1808 to take up his new title as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)">king of Naples</a> but he kept grand duke in his title. Berg was at first directly ruled by Napoleon in a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal Union</a>. In 1809, Napoleon appointed his young nephew, Prince <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Louis_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Louis Bonaparte">Napoleon Louis Bonaparte</a> (1804–1831), the elder son of Napoleon's brother <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">King of Holland</a>, as Grand Duke of Berg; French bureaucrats under <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Roederer" title="Pierre Louis Roederer">Pierre Louis Roederer</a> administered the territory in his name. For nine days in July 1810, Grand Duke Napoleon Louis also ruled over the Kingdom of Holland in another personal union, but this was short-lived, and French troops moved into the kingdom and incorporated it into France. </p><p>The state was in constant economic decline ever since its formation, this is in large part due to Napoleon's failed <a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental System</a> which led to a series of revolts and uprisings. The grand duchy's short existence came to an end when the French forces pulled back in the course of the <a href="/wiki/German_campaign_of_1813" title="German campaign of 1813">German campaign of 1813</a>. The territory was then administered by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>, which officially incorporated the former grand duchy according to the Final Act of the 1815 <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>. Berg became part of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a>, and the eastern territories of <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Münster</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Mark" title="County of Mark">Mark</a> were merged into the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Province of Westphalia</a>. Today, the territory is part of modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coats_of_arms">Coats of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchy_of_Berg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Coats of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_(Orn_ext).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1806–1808)"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1806–1808)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/104px-Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/157px-Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/209px-Blason_Joachim_Murat_Grand-Duc_de_Cl%C3%A8ves_et_de_Berg_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1806–1808)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grossherzogtum_Berg_Staatssiegel_AGE_V22_1807.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1807)"><img alt="Seal of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1807)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Grossherzogtum_Berg_Staatssiegel_AGE_V22_1807.jpg/98px-Grossherzogtum_Berg_Staatssiegel_AGE_V22_1807.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Grossherzogtum_Berg_Staatssiegel_AGE_V22_1807.jpg/148px-Grossherzogtum_Berg_Staatssiegel_AGE_V22_1807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Grossherzogtum_Berg_Staatssiegel_AGE_V22_1807.jpg/197px-Grossherzogtum_Berg_Staatssiegel_AGE_V22_1807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seal of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1807)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_Louis_Grand_Duke_of_Cleves_and_Berg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1809–1813)"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1809–1813)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coat_of_arms_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_Louis_Grand_Duke_of_Cleves_and_Berg.svg/104px-Coat_of_arms_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_Louis_Grand_Duke_of_Cleves_and_Berg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coat_of_arms_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_Louis_Grand_Duke_of_Cleves_and_Berg.svg/157px-Coat_of_arms_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_Louis_Grand_Duke_of_Cleves_and_Berg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coat_of_arms_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_Louis_Grand_Duke_of_Cleves_and_Berg.svg/209px-Coat_of_arms_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_Louis_Grand_Duke_of_Cleves_and_Berg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1809–1813)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Departments"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchy_of_Berg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="150" valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ems_(river)" title="Ems (river)">Ems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coesfeld" title="Coesfeld">Coesfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingen">Lingen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td width="150" valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Elberfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_(Cologne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mülheim (Cologne)">Mülheim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td width="150" valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruhr_(department)" title="Ruhr (department)">Ruhr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td width="150" valign="top"> <ul><li>Sieg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dillenburg" title="Dillenburg">Dillenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchy_of_Berg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClercq1864" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clercq, Alexandre de (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=38zCjXPjBLsC&q=263"><i>Recueil des traites de la France</i></a> (in French). Amyot.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recueil+des+traites+de+la+France&rft.pub=Amyot&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Clercq&rft.aufirst=Alexandre+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D38zCjXPjBLsC%26q%3D263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duchy+of+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Otto von Pivka, Michael P. Roffe, <i>Napoleon's German Allies: Westfalia and Kleve-Berg</i>, p. 3; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iR8VAWByawkC&pg=PA3">Google Books</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchy_of_Berg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Valais Republic">Valais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era#Act_of_Mediation" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Swiss Confederation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_French_Empire_1812.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of Europe as at 1812, highlighting France and her client states" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/First_French_Empire_1812.svg/200px-First_French_Empire_1812.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/First_French_Empire_1812.svg/300px-First_French_Empire_1812.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/First_French_Empire_1812.svg/400px-First_French_Empire_1812.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">Europe at the height of Napoleon's Empire</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleonic</a><br />creations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Aschaffenburg" title="Principality of Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the 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Piombino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Massa_and_Carrara" title="Duchy of Massa and Carrara">Massa and Carrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Pontecorvo" title="Principality of Pontecorvo">Pontecorvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Benevento" title="Principality of Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_campaign_of_1798" title="Mediterranean campaign of 1798">Mediterranean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Malta" title="French occupation of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Napoleonic_era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Napoleonic era)">Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Holland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig_(Napoleonic)" title="Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)">Danzig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Spain_under_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Spain under Joseph Bonaparte">Spain</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_of_the_Confederation_of_the_Rhine_(1806–1813)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_of_the_Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Template:States of the Confederation of the Rhine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_of_the_Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Template talk:States of the Confederation of the Rhine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_the_Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States of the Confederation of the Rhine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_of_the_Confederation_of_the_Rhine_(1806–1813)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">States of the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rank elevated<br />by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">Grand Duchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Hesse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">Duchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau" title="Duchy of Nassau">Nassau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheinbund_1812,_political_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Confederation of the Rhine"><img alt="Map of the Confederation of the Rhine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rheinbund_1812%2C_political_map.png/175px-Rheinbund_1812%2C_political_map.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rheinbund_1812%2C_political_map.png/263px-Rheinbund_1812%2C_political_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rheinbund_1812%2C_political_map.png/350px-Rheinbund_1812%2C_political_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="1420" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">Grand Duchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Frankfurt" title="Grand Duchy of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Grand Duchy of Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">Principalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Aschaffenburg" title="Principality of Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Leyen" title="Principality of Leyen">Leyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Regensburg" title="Principality of Regensburg">Regensburg</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-existing<br />states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_duchies" title="Ernestine duchies">Saxon duchies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Coburg-Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg" title="Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg">Gotha-Altenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Hildburghausen" title="Saxe-Hildburghausen">Hildburghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Meiningen" title="Saxe-Meiningen">Meiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Weimar" title="Saxe-Weimar">Weimar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Eisenach" title="Saxe-Eisenach">Eisenach</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Weimar-Eisenach</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other duchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Anhalt" title="Duchy of Anhalt">Anhalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Anhalt-Bernburg">Bernburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhalt-Dessau" title="Anhalt-Dessau">Dessau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhalt-K%C3%B6then" title="Anhalt-Köthen">Köthen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arenberg" title="Arenberg">Arenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Oldenburg" title="Duchy of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">Principalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Hechingen" title="Hohenzollern-Hechingen">Hechingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Sigmaringen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Isenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Isenburg">Isenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe" title="Principality of Lippe">Lippe-Detmold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuss_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuss (state)">Reuss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reuss-Ebersdorf" title="Reuss-Ebersdorf">Ebersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Reuss-Greiz" title="Principality of Reuss-Greiz">Greiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuss-Lobenstein" title="Reuss-Lobenstein">Lobenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Reuss-Gera" title="Principality of Reuss-Gera">Schleiz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Salm" title="Principality of Salm">Salm</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Schaumburg-Lippe" title="Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe">Schaumburg-Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Schwarzburg" title="House of Schwarzburg">Schwarzburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt" title="Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt">Rudolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzburg-Sondershausen" title="Schwarzburg-Sondershausen">Sondershausen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeck_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldeck (state)">Waldeck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> from 1810</li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> until 1810</li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> until 1809</li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> from 1809</li> <li><sup><small>5</small></sup> until 1811</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata 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