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In 1803, the heir of Palatinate-Neuburg, the [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavarian]] elector [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian Joseph]], separated the remaining Duchy of Berg from his other Bavarian territories and granted it to his cousin [[Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria|William of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen]] as administrator, whereby it came under the rule of a junior branch of the Wittelsbachs. In 1806, in the reorganization of Germany occasioned by the dissolution of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], Maximilian I Joseph, now [[King of Bavaria]], ceded Berg to Napoleon in return for the [[Principality of Ansbach]]. On 15 March 1806, the French emperor put Berg under the rule of his brother-in-law [[Joachim Murat]], including territories of the former Prussian [[Duchy of Cleves]] east of the Rhine river.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clercq |first=Alexandre de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=38zCjXPjBLsC&q=263 |title=Recueil des traites de la France |date=1864 |publisher=Amyot |language=fr}}</ref> Murat's arms combined the red lion of Berg with the Cleves arms. The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat's position as Grand Admiral and as [[Marshal of the Empire]]. As the husband of Napoleon's sister, he also had the right to use the imperial eagle. On 12 July 1806, Murat joined the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] and assumed the title of a [[grand duke]]. His lands were further enlarged by the annexation of the [[County of Mark]], the [[Prince-Bishopric of Münster]], the Imperial city of [[Dortmund]] and numerous minor territories of the [[Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle]]. Murat eventually left the grand duchy in 1808 to take up his new title as [[Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)|king of Naples]] but he kept grand duke in his title. Berg was at first directly ruled by Napoleon in a [[Personal union|Personal Union]]. In 1809, Napoleon appointed his young nephew, Prince [[Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]] (1804&ndash;1831), the elder son of Napoleon's brother [[Louis Bonaparte]], [[Kingdom of Holland|King of Holland]], as Grand Duke of Berg; French bureaucrats under [[Pierre Louis Roederer]] administered the territory in his name. For nine days in July 1810, Grand Duke Napoleon Louis also ruled over the Kingdom of Holland in another personal union, but this was short-lived, and French troops moved into the kingdom and incorporated it into France. The state was in constant economic decline ever since its formation, this is in large part due to Napoleon's failed [[Continental System]] which led to a series of revolts and uprisings. The grand duchy's short existence came to an end when the French forces pulled back in the course of the [[German campaign of 1813]]. The territory was then administered by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], which officially incorporated the former grand duchy according to the Final Act of the 1815 [[Congress of Vienna]]. Berg became part of the [[Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]], and the eastern territories of [[Prince-Bishopric of Münster|Münster]] and [[County of Mark|Mark]] were merged into the [[Province of Westphalia]]. Today, the territory is part of modern [[Germany]]. ==Coats of arms== <gallery class="center"> File:Blason Joachim Murat Grand-Duc de Clèves et de Berg (Orn ext).svg|Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1806–1808) File:Grossherzogtum Berg Staatssiegel AGE V22 1807.jpg|Seal of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1807) File:Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg|Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1809–1813) </gallery> ==[[Departments of France|Departments]]== {| | width="150" valign="top" | *[[Ems (river)|Ems]] **[[Coesfeld]] **[[Münster]] **[[Lingen]] | width="150" valign="top" | *[[Rhine]] **[[Düsseldorf]] **[[Wuppertal|Elberfeld]] **[[Essen]] **[[Mülheim (Cologne)|Mülheim]] | width="150" valign="top" | *[[Ruhr (department)|Ruhr]] **[[Dortmund]] **[[Hagen]] **[[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]] | width="150" valign="top" | *Sieg **[[Dillenburg]] **[[Siegen]] |} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} *Otto von Pivka, Michael P. Roffe, ''Napoleon's German Allies: Westfalia and Kleve-Berg'', p.&nbsp;3; [https://books.google.com/books?id=iR8VAWByawkC&pg=PA3 Google Books] == External links == * {{commons category-inline|Duchy of Berg}} {{Client states of the Great French War}} {{States of the Confederation of the Rhine}} {{coord missing|North Rhine-Westphalia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Berg, Grand Duchy of}} [[Category:19th century in Germany by state]] [[Category:States of the Confederation of the Rhine]] [[Category:Former states and territories of North Rhine-Westphalia]] [[Category:Client states of the Napoleonic Wars]] [[Category:House of Berg|*]] [[Category:Former grand duchies]] [[Category:1806 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1813 disestablishments in Europe]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" 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