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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="حركة الخاكسار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة الخاكسار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaksar" title="Khaksar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khaksar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_des_Khaksars" title="Mouvement des Khaksars – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement des Khaksars" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="खाकसार आंदोलन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खाकसार आंदोलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഖാക്‌സർ പ്രസ്ഥാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖാക്‌സർ പ്രസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95" title="ਖ਼ਾਕਸਾਰ ਤਹਿਰੀਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਾਕਸਾਰ ਤਹਿਰੀਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تحریک خاکسار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تحریک خاکسار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khaksar movement" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="خاکسار تحریک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خاکسار تحریک" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Social movement in Punjab, British India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid red; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Khaksar movement</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="pa"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خاکسار تحریک</span></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Khaksari_flag.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Khaksari_flag.gif/180px-Khaksari_flag.gif" decoding="async" width="180" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Khaksari_flag.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Allama Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1931<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1931</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(newspaper)" title="Al-Islah (newspaper)">Al-Islah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a> & <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Khaksar movement</b> (<a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>: <span lang="pa"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خاکسار تحریک</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Khāksār Ta(h)rīk</i></span>) was an <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">Indian</a>, predominantly <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movement</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab, British India</a>, established by <a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a> in 1931, with the aim of freeing India from the rule of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Khaksars <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the partition of India">opposed the partition of India</a> and favoured a united country.<sup id="cite_ref-Malik2000_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik2000-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Talbot2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talbot2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paracha2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paracha2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Husain_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husain-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The membership of the Khaksar movement was open to everyone and had no membership fee regardless of the person's religion, race and caste or social status. The emphasis was on the brotherhood of mankind and being inclusive for all people.<sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TwoCircles_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TwoCircles-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khaksars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Khaksars.jpg/220px-Khaksars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Khaksars.jpg/330px-Khaksars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Khaksars.jpg/440px-Khaksars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>Khaksars in uniform</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salam_Masdoosi_in_Khaksar_Tahreek_Hyderabad_MJ_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Salam_Masdoosi_in_Khaksar_Tahreek_Hyderabad_MJ_Market.jpg/220px-Salam_Masdoosi_in_Khaksar_Tahreek_Hyderabad_MJ_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f0/Salam_Masdoosi_in_Khaksar_Tahreek_Hyderabad_MJ_Market.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Khaksars in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Around 1930,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allama Mashriqi, a charismatic Muslim intellectual whom some considered to be of anarchist persuasion,<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson2011p60-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revisited the principles for self-reform and self-conduct that he had laid out in his 1924 <a href="/wiki/Treatise" title="Treatise">treatise</a>, entitled <i>Tazkira</i>. He incorporated them into a second treatise, <i>Isharat</i>, and this served as the foundation for the Khaksar movement,<sup id="cite_ref-Amalendu2009pp72-73_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amalendu2009pp72-73-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Roy Jackson has described as being "... essentially to free India from colonial rule and to revive Islam, although it also aimed to give justice and equal rights to all faiths."<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson2011p60-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They took their name from the Persian words <i>khak</i> and <i>sar</i>, respectively meaning <i>dust</i> and <i>like</i> and roughly combined to translate as a "humble person".<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson2011p60-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adopting the language of revolution,<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson2011p60-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mashriqi began recruiting followers to his cause in his village of <a href="/wiki/Ichhra" title="Ichhra">Ichhra</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>. An early report said that the movement began with 90 followers. It quickly expanded, adding 300 young members within a few weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-Amalendu2009pp72-73_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amalendu2009pp72-73-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1942 it was reported that the membership was four million and Jackson remarks that it was "phenomenal in its success."<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson2011p60-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also an associated weekly newspaper called <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Khaksar_Tehrik_weekly)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Islah (Khaksar Tehrik weekly)">Al-Islah</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TwoCircles_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TwoCircles-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 October 1939, after the commencement of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Mashriqui, who was then in <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> jail, offered to increase the size of the organisation to help with the war effort. He offered a force of 30,000 well-drilled soldiers for the internal defence of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, 10,000 for the <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a>, and 10,000 to provide help for <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> or to fight on European soil. His offer was not accepted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 19 March 1940 just 3 days before All India Muslim Leagues most momentous meeting, at least 32 or as much as 300 Khaksars, including their Pivotal Leader Agha Zaigham were mercilessly killed by the Punjab Police under the command of the SP Mr. D. Gainsford in Lahore. Because of which then Premier of Punjab sir Sikandar Consulted Jinnah for postponement of Muslim League session which Jinnah denied.<sup id="cite_ref-M._M._Shafi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M._M._Shafi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the movement's rigid manifesto and strict policies to adhere to their own ideology, it often came into conflict with the ruling British government. Allama Mashriqi and some of his followers spent much time in British government's jails. Mashriqi was kept in jail without any legal proceedings. In protest, he had fasted to the point of death.<sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mashraqi was released from Vellore Jail on 19 January 1942, but his movements were restricted to Madras Presidency. He remained interned until 28 December 1942. Mashraqi arrived in New Delhi on 2 January 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Khaskar Movement was vocal in its <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the partition of India">opposition to the partition of India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Malik2000_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik2000-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Talbot2013_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talbot2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paracha2014_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paracha2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and instead favored a united India.<sup id="cite_ref-Husain_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husain-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the partition itself, the Khaksars took a vow to do what they could to protect those in distress; this resulted in many lives being saved, including Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Pal2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pal2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one incident, a Khaksar volunteer entered a local colony near Rawalpindi to calm people down, but was stabbed to death.<sup id="cite_ref-Pal2016_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pal2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allama Mashriqi disbanded the Khaksar Tehrik on 4 July 1947 considering that the Muslims of India were more than satisfied after the newly revived hope of a new separate Muslim state i.e. <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and he felt that they had lost much of their motivation which could meet the requirements of the Khaksar movement. Khaksar movement's declared objectives of <i>unity of India regardless of religion</i> eventually came in conflict with <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>'s objectives of <a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">two-nation theory</a> based on the religions of Hindus and Muslims of British India. A significant number of the Indian Muslim population gravitated to the formation of a separate Muslim nation and thus helped create Pakistan in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1947, after the creation of Pakistan, Mashriqi founded the Islam League.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Khaksar was banned in India after the government launched a crackdown against organizations dedicated to promoting communal hatred or preaching violence in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">assassination of Mahatma Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Khan2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BestA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BestA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khaksar Tehrik was later revived as a civilian political group after the death of Mashriqi on 27 August 1963 at <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> and it sometimes made political alliances with other Pakistani political parties, for example, it joined the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Alliance" title="Pakistan National Alliance">Pakistan National Alliance</a> in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DailyTimes_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyTimes-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Islah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Al-Islah.jpg/150px-Al-Islah.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Al-Islah.jpg/225px-Al-Islah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Al-Islah.jpg/300px-Al-Islah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>"Al-Islah" (Khaksar Tehrik weekly)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Four_Principles">Twenty-Four Principles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Twenty-Four Principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mashriqi had said in 1931 that the Khaksar movement had three distinct objectives; "to emphasize the idea of superiority of God, unity of the nation and service to mankind".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Mashriqi outlined twenty-four principles on 29 November 1936 in an address to a Khaksar camp at <a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Amalendu_1947._Pg_127_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amalendu_1947._Pg_127-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This initial speech and subsequent set of principles laid out by the movement founder, encouraged members of the movement to serve the people regardless of their <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a> or religion; and Khaksars were expected to convince others to join the movement through "love and affection".<sup id="cite_ref-Amalendu_1947._Pg_127_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amalendu_1947._Pg_127-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourteen_Points;_The_Khaksar_Creed"><span id="Fourteen_Points.3B_The_Khaksar_Creed"></span>Fourteen Points; The Khaksar Creed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fourteen Points; The Khaksar Creed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 March 1937, Mashriqi again addressed a camp of Khaksars at <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> to further clarify the fourteen points that became the foundation of the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These points solidified the notion that the movement was both <a href="/wiki/Dictatorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictatorial">dictatorial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Militaristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Militaristic">militaristic</a>. In other words, the movement founder Mashriqi was mainly shaping the policy guidelines. The organization was set up in a way where Mashriqi was the <i>Khaksar-e-Azam</i> (the biggest khaksar) with an advisory council but Allama could overrule any advice. He was entitled to remove any movement member from the organization while there was no procedure to remove him. At this point, its aims were to establish self-rule in India. However the success of Muslim rule in India necessitated certain conditions, such as: "(a) "regard for the religious and social sentiments of the various communities that live in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>: (b) maintenance of their particular culture and customs, and (c) general tolerance".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The volunteers of the Khaksar movement were expected to participate daily in military parade and social work. They were seen drilling and parading in playgrounds, streets and neighborhoods wearing khaki uniforms with spades on their shoulders. The movement workers were required to bear their own expenses and find spare time for work of social welfare in the community.<sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khaksar_symbols">Khaksar symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Khaksar symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All members, regardless of rank, wore the same uniform: a khaki shirt with khaki <i>pyjama</i> secured with a belt, together with military boots. The khaki colour was chosen because it was "simple and unassuming" and "cheap and available for all"; in practice, however, the uniforms were paid for by the Khaksar organisation. They wore a red badge (<i>akhuwat</i>) on their right arm as a symbol of brotherhood. On their heads, Khaksars wore the white handkerchief of the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> and <i>Hajis</i>, consisting of a white cloth the length and width of one and one-half yards which was secured around the head with a cotton string.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Khaksar's wore the Punjabi style turban on their head with the cloth flowing down and a fan shaped <i>shamla</i> peaking up. </p><p>All Khaksars carried a <i>bailcha</i> (spade) as a sign of unity and strength.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the spade represents humility; in the same way that a spade is used to level the ground, the Khaksars used it as a symbol of the "leveling" of society. In other words, it was meant to be used to level the existing society for equity and equality and remove the existing division among the rich and the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The flag of the Khaksars is a modified Ottoman symbol: a crescent moon and a star on a red background.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 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href="/wiki/All_India_Azad_Muslim_Conference" title="All India Azad Muslim Conference">All India Azad Muslim Conference</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Composite_Nationalism_and_Islam" title="Composite Nationalism and Islam">Composite Nationalism and Islam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Muslim_unity" title="Hindu–Muslim unity">Hindu–Muslim unity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amalendu De says that the foundation was in 1931;<sup id="cite_ref-Amalendu2009pp72-73_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amalendu2009pp72-73-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roy Jackson believes that it was in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson2011p60-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFM_G_Agrawal2008" class="citation book cs1">M G Agrawal (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vnJ0MwbAsEAC&dq=khaksars+only+the+muslims+have+a+right+to+rule+india&pg=PA6"><i>Freedom Fighters of India (in Four Volumes)</i></a>. Isha Books. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788182054684" title="Special:BookSources/9788182054684"><bdi>9788182054684</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom+Fighters+of+India+%28in+Four+Volumes%29&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Isha+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9788182054684&rft.au=M+G+Agrawal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvnJ0MwbAsEAC%26dq%3Dkhaksars%2Bonly%2Bthe%2Bmuslims%2Bhave%2Ba%2Bright%2Bto%2Brule%2Bindia%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malik2000-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malik2000_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malik2000_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2000" class="citation book cs1">Malik, Muhammad Aslam (2000). <i>Allama Inayatullah Mashraqi: A Political Biography</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195791587" title="Special:BookSources/9780195791587"><bdi>9780195791587</bdi></a>. <q>The resolution was a bad omen to all those parties, including the Khaksars, which were, in one way or the other, opposing the partition of the subcontinent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allama+Inayatullah+Mashraqi%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780195791587&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Aslam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Talbot2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Talbot2013_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Talbot2013_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot2013" class="citation book cs1">Talbot, Ian (2013). <i>Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136790294" title="Special:BookSources/9781136790294"><bdi>9781136790294</bdi></a>. <q>He also enlisted the support of the Khaksars" who had been bitter opponents of Sikander." They, nevertheless possessed the virtue of being outspoken critics of the Pakistan scheme.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khizr+Tiwana%2C+the+Punjab+Unionist+Party+and+the+Partition+of+India&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781136790294&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paracha2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paracha2014_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paracha2014_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParacha2014" class="citation web cs1">Paracha, Nadeem F. (11 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1105473">"The election that created Pakistan"</a>. <q>Confessional religious parties like the Jamiat-i-Ulema-i-Hind (JUH), and radical right-wing outfits such as the Majlis-i-Ahrar and the Khaksar Movement were staunchly against the concept of 'Muslim Nationalism' being propagated by Jinnah and his party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+election+that+created+Pakistan&rft.date=2014-05-11&rft.aulast=Paracha&rft.aufirst=Nadeem+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1105473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Husain-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Husain_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Husain_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHusain1985" class="citation book cs1">Husain, Zakir (1985). <i>Communal Harmony and the Future of India: The Study of the Role and Thoughts of Nation Builders for India's Unity, 1857-1985</i>. Prakash Book Depot. p. 147. <q>The Khaksar movement, the Red Shirt movement, the Ahrar movement and many other organisations of that ilk are the examples of Muslim genuineness in the unity and integrity of India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communal+Harmony+and+the+Future+of+India%3A+The+Study+of+the+Role+and+Thoughts+of+Nation+Builders+for+India%27s+Unity%2C+1857-1985&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Prakash+Book+Depot&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=Zakir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-storyofpakistan-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storyofpakistan.com/the-khaksar-movement">Profile of The Khaksar Movement on storyofpakistan.com website</a> Retrieved 19 January 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TwoCircles-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TwoCircles_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TwoCircles_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasim_Yousaf2016" class="citation web cs1">Nasim Yousaf (24 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twocircles.net/2016aug24/1472040770.html">"The 'Belcha': Allama Mashriqi's powerful symbol for the Khaksar Tehrik"</a>. TwoCircles.net website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%27Belcha%27%3A+Allama+Mashriqi%27s+powerful+symbol+for+the+Khaksar+Tehrik&rft.pub=TwoCircles.net+website&rft.date=2016-08-24&rft.au=Nasim+Yousaf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwocircles.net%2F2016aug24%2F1472040770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amalendu2009pp72-73-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amalendu2009pp72-73_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amalendu2009pp72-73_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amalendu2009pp72-73_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_De" title="Amalendu De">De, Amalendu</a> (2009). <i>History of the Khaksar Movement in India, 1931–1947</i>. Kolkata: Parul Prakashani. pp. 72–73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaksar+Movement+in+India%2C+1931%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=72-73&rft.pub=Parul+Prakashani&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson2011p60-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson2011p60_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2011" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Roy (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ADv5oEXXjXIC"><i>Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-47411-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-47411-5"><bdi>978-0-415-47411-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mawlana+Mawdudi+and+Political+Islam%3A+Authority+and+the+Islamic+State&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-47411-5&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DADv5oEXXjXIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M._M._Shafi-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M._M._Shafi_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolpert1983" class="citation book cs1">Wolpert, Stanley (1983). <i>JINNAH OF PAKISTAN</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 179–180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195774627" title="Special:BookSources/9780195774627"><bdi>9780195774627</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JINNAH+OF+PAKISTAN&rft.pages=179-180&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780195774627&rft.aulast=Wolpert&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Syed Shabbir Hussain, <i>Al-Mashriqi: The Disowned Genius</i>, 1991, page 180, Publisher: Jang Publisher, Lahore, Pakistan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pal2016-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pal2016_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pal2016_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPal2016" class="citation web cs1">Pal, Sanchari (12 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebetterindia.com/67924/unsung-heroes-partition-india-pakistan/">"Unknown and Unsung, They Saved Hundreds of Lives During Partition but Were Never Celebrated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Better_India" title="The Better India">The Better India</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unknown+and+Unsung%2C+They+Saved+Hundreds+of+Lives+During+Partition+but+Were+Never+Celebrated&rft.pub=The+Better+India&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.aulast=Pal&rft.aufirst=Sanchari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebetterindia.com%2F67924%2Funsung-heroes-partition-india-pakistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khan2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khan2011_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Yasmin (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X10000223">"Performing Peace: Gandhi's assassination as a critical moment in the consolidation of the Nehruvian state"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Asian_Studies" title="Modern Asian Studies">Modern Asian Studies</a></i>. <b>45</b> (1): 57–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X10000223">10.1017/S0026749X10000223</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144894540">144894540</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Performing+Peace%3A+Gandhi%27s+assassination+as+a+critical+moment+in+the+consolidation+of+the+Nehruvian+state&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-80&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0026749X10000223&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144894540%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Yasmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0026749X10000223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BestA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BestA_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBest2003" class="citation book cs1">Best, A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aTyk_neEmg0C&pg=PA127"><i>British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print. From 1946 through 1950. Asia 1949. Burma, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, The Philippines and South-East Asia and the Far East (general), January 1949- December 1949</i></a>. Asia / ed. Anthony Best. Univ. Publ. of America. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55655-768-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55655-768-2"><bdi>978-1-55655-768-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>. <q>The government also declared the Muslim League National Guard, and Khaksars to be unlawful organisations. In Madras and Bombay the action taken was considerably more comprehensive: Communist volunteer corps were covered by the ban and in the latter Province the Schedule Castes Volunteer Organisation was also forbidden.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Documents+on+Foreign+Affairs%3A+Reports+and+Papers+from+the+Foreign+Office+Confidential+Print.+From+1946+through+1950.+Asia+1949.+Burma%2C+India%2C+Pakistan%2C+Ceylon%2C+Indonesia%2C+The+Philippines+and+South-East+Asia+and+the+Far+East+%28general%29%2C+January+1949-+December+1949&rft.series=Asia+%2F+ed.+Anthony+Best&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Univ.+Publ.+of+America&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55655-768-2&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaTyk_neEmg0C%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DailyTimes-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DailyTimes_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazir_Hussein_Siyal2016" class="citation web cs1">Nazir Hussein Siyal (27 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailytimes.com.pk/61048/nation-still-needs-a-dauntless-leader-like-allama-mashriqi-kt-chief/">"Nation still needs a dauntless leader like Allama Mashriqi: Khaksar Tehrik chief"</a>. Daily Times (newspaper)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nation+still+needs+a+dauntless+leader+like+Allama+Mashriqi%3A+Khaksar+Tehrik+chief&rft.pub=Daily+Times+%28newspaper%29&rft.date=2016-08-27&rft.au=Nazir+Hussein+Siyal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailytimes.com.pk%2F61048%2Fnation-still-needs-a-dauntless-leader-like-allama-mashriqi-kt-chief%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_De" title="Amalendu De">De, Amalendu</a> (2009). <i>History of the Khaksar Movement in India, 1931–1947</i>. Kolkata: Parul Prakashani. p. 126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaksar+Movement+in+India%2C+1931%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Parul+Prakashani&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amalendu_1947._Pg_127-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amalendu_1947._Pg_127_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amalendu_1947._Pg_127_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_De" title="Amalendu De">De, Amalendu</a> (2009). <i>History of the Khaksar Movement in India, 1931–1947</i>. Kolkata: Parul Prakashani. p. 127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaksar+Movement+in+India%2C+1931%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Parul+Prakashani&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_De" title="Amalendu De">De, Amalendu</a> (2009). <i>History of the Khaksar Movement in India, 1931–1947</i>. Kolkata: Parul Prakashani. p. 128.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaksar+Movement+in+India%2C+1931%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Parul+Prakashani&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_De" title="Amalendu De">De, Amalendu</a> (2009). <i>History of the Khaksar Movement in India, 1931–1947</i>. Kolkata: Parul Prakashani. pp. 130–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaksar+Movement+in+India%2C+1931%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=130-131&rft.pub=Parul+Prakashani&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_De" title="Amalendu De">De, Amalendu</a> (2009). <i>History of the Khaksar Movement in India, 1931–1947</i>. Kolkata: Parul Prakashani. pp. 166–167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaksar+Movement+in+India%2C+1931%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=166-167&rft.pub=Parul+Prakashani&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_De" title="Amalendu De">De, Amalendu</a> (2009). <i>History of the Khaksar Movement in India, 1931–1947</i>. Kolkata: Parul Prakashani. pp. 151–154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaksar+Movement+in+India%2C+1931%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=151-154&rft.pub=Parul+Prakashani&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_De" title="Amalendu De">De, Amalendu</a> (2009). <i>History of the Khaksar Movement in India, 1931–1947</i>. Kolkata: Parul Prakashani. p. 165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaksar+Movement+in+India%2C+1931%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Parul+Prakashani&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYousaf2004" class="citation book cs1">Yousaf, Nasim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4LR1wZsGEr8C"><i>Pakistans Freedom & Allama Mashriqi: Mashriqis Birth to 1947</i></a>. AMZ Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9760333-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9760333-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9760333-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistans+Freedom+%26+Allama+Mashriqi%3A+Mashriqis+Birth+to+1947&rft.pub=AMZ+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-9760333-0-1&rft.aulast=Yousaf&rft.aufirst=Nasim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4LR1wZsGEr8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaksar_movement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaechsel2006" class="citation book cs1">Daechsel, Markus (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HsZvwVAlnKIC"><i>The Politics of Self-Expression: The Urdu Middleclass Milieu in Mid-Twentieth Century India and Pakistan</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13438-371-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13438-371-9"><bdi>978-1-13438-371-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Self-Expression%3A+The+Urdu+Middleclass+Milieu+in+Mid-Twentieth+Century+India+and+Pakistan&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-13438-371-9&rft.aulast=Daechsel&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHsZvwVAlnKIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhaksar+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies<br />and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social<br />reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Swami" title="Niralamba Swami">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_Movement" title="Template:Pakistan Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_Movement" title="Template talk:Pakistan Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History of Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Pakistani_history_(1947%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Pakistani history (1947–present)">timeline: 1947–present)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_movement" title="Urdu movement">Urdu movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuddhi movement">Shuddhi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Address" title="Allahabad Address">Allahabad Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Declaration" title="Pakistan Declaration">Now or Never pamphlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_nation_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Two nation theory">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round Table Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectives_Resolution" title="Objectives Resolution">Objectives Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Independence Day (Pakistan)">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani monarchy">Pakistani monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Day (Pakistan)">Republic Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Protestant Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party,_1940_(Photo_429-6).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre."><img alt="The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg/70px-Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg/105px-Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg/140px-Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre.</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Pakistan"><img alt="Flag of Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/70px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/105px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/140px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Pakistan</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State emblem of Pakistan"><img alt="State emblem of Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/70px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/105px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/140px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>State emblem of Pakistan</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_League" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Muslim League">Muslim League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Muslim_League" title="Punjab Muslim League">Punjab Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Provincial_Muslim_League" title="Bengal Provincial Muslim League">Bengal Branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Muslim_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Unionist Muslim League">Unionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Students_Federation" title="All India Muslim Students Federation">Student Federations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksars" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaksars">Khaksars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Renaissance_Society" title="East Pakistan Renaissance Society">Renaissance Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophical Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Pakistan" title="List of newspapers in Pakistan">Print media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)"><i>Dawn</i> </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Jang" title="Daily Jang">Daily <i>Jang</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawaiwaqt" title="Nawaiwaqt"><i>Nawa-i-Waqt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar_(newspaper)" title="Zamindar (newspaper)"><i>Contractor</i> </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Pakistan_Movement" title="Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Aga Khan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Salimullah" title="Khwaja Salimullah">Khwaja Salimullah</a> (Nawab Salimullah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ameer_Ali" title="Syed Ameer Ali">Syed Ameer Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Ali_(freedom_fighter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaukat Ali (freedom fighter)">Maulana Shaukat Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_Ajmal_Khan" title="Hakim Ajmal Khan">Hakim Ajmal Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Fatima Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeq_Mohammad_Khan_V" title="Sadeq Mohammad Khan V">Sadeq Mohammad Khan V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Muhammad_Shafi" title="Mian Muhammad Shafi">Mian Muhammad Shafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Abdul_Rashid" title="Mian Abdul Rashid">Mian Abdul Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqar-ul-Mulk" title="Waqar-ul-Mulk">Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsin-ul-Mulk" title="Mohsin-ul-Mulk">Mohsin-ul-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Yar_Jung" title="Bahadur Yar Jung">Bahadur Yar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_(Urdu_scholar)" title="Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar)">Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qayyum_Khan" title="Abdul Qayyum Khan">Abdul Qayyum Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rab_Nishtar" title="Abdur Rab Nishtar">Abdur Rab Nishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Khaliquzzaman" title="Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman">Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Choudhary Rahmat Ali">Choudhary Rahmat Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ali_Shah" title="Jamaat Ali Shah">Jamaat Ali Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._M._Syed" title="G. M. Syed">G. M. Syed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazanfar_Ali_Khan" title="Ghazanfar Ali Khan">Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Khan_Jamali" title="Jafar Khan Jamali">Jafar Khan Jamali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Bhik_Nairang" title="Ghulam Bhik Nairang">Ghulam Bhik Nairang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasrat_Mohani" title="Hasrat Mohani">Hasrat Mohani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_Mohammad_Ismail_Khan" title="Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan">Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy" title="Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy">Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogendra_Nath_Mandal" title="Jogendra Nath Mandal">Jogendra Nath Mandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._H._Khurshid" class="mw-redirect" title="K. H. Khurshid">K. H. Khurshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Husain" title="Mahmud Husain">Mahmud Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Amir_Ahmed_Khan" title="Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan">Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan</a> (Raja Saheb of Mahmudabad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zafarullah_Khan" title="Muhammad Zafarullah Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Mohammad_Isa" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazi Mohammad Isa">Qazi Mohammad Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27ana_Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan">Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ali_Khan" title="Zafar Ali Khan">Zafar Ali Khan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Pakistan_Movement" title="Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Movement_activists" title="Category:Pakistan Movement activists">Activists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Nizami" title="Hamid Nizami">Hamid Nizami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Haroon" title="Abdullah Haroon">Abdullah Haroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Haroon" title="Yusuf Haroon">Yusuf Haroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Haroon" title="Mahmoud Haroon">Mahmoud Haroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altaf_Husain" title="Altaf Husain">Altaf Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamjee_Haji_Dawood" title="Adamjee Haji Dawood">Adamjee Haji Dawood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Shafi Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Zafar Ahmad Usmani">Zafar Ahmad Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Lahori" title="Ahmed Ali Lahori">Ahmed Ali Lahori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Barkat_Ali" title="Malik Barkat Ali">Malik Barkat Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aslam_Khattak" title="Aslam Khattak">Aslam Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Khattak" title="Yusuf Khattak">Yusuf Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Iftikharuddin" title="Mian Iftikharuddin">Mian Iftikharuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahnawaz_Khan_Mamdot" title="Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot">Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_Hussain_Khan_Mamdot" title="Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot">Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Hayat_Khan" title="Sikandar Hayat Khan">Sikandar Hayat Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Hayat_Khan" title="Shaukat Hayat Khan">Shaukat Hayat Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Ahmad" title="Ziauddin Ahmad">Ziauddin Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Ahmad_Haleem" title="Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem">Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem</a></li> <li>Maulana <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Rasool_Mehr" title="Ghulam Rasool Mehr">Ghulam Rasool Mehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim Said">Hakeem Mohammad Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Ghulam_Abbas" title="Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas">Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdul_Qayyum_Khan" title="Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan">Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ibrahim_Khan" title="Sardar Ibrahim Khan">Sardar Ibrahim Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_Mohammad_Khan" title="Fida Mohammad Khan">Fida Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_(Muslim_leader)" title="Abdul Qadir (Muslim leader)">Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._M._Sharif" title="M. M. Sharif">M. M. Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahibzada_Abdul_Qayyum" title="Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum">Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaludin_Abdur_Rahim" title="Jalaludin Abdur Rahim">Jalaludin Abdur Rahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z._A._Suleri" title="Z. A. Suleri">Z. A. Suleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Allana" title="G. Allana">G. Allana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtiaq_Hussain_Qureshi" title="Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi">Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Baba" title="Jalal Baba">Jalal Baba</a> of NWFP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Karam_Shah_al-Azhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari">Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_ul-Hasanat" title="Amin ul-Hasanat">Amin ul-Hasanat</a> (Pir of Manki Sharif)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Wajid_Ali" title="Syed Wajid Ali">Syed Wajid Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafeez_Jalandhari" title="Hafeez Jalandhari">Hafeez Jalandhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahanara_Shahnawaz" title="Jahanara Shahnawaz">Jahanara Shahnawaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Abdullah_Haroon" title="Lady Abdullah Haroon">Lady Abdullah Haroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ismail_Zabeeh" title="Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh">Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Begum_(politician)" title="Fatima Begum (politician)">Fatima Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseer_Ahmad_Malhi" title="Naseer Ahmad Malhi">Naseer Ahmad Malhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Saeed_Nagi" title="Ahmed Saeed Nagi">Ahmed Saeed Nagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niaz_Ali_Khan_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niaz Ali Khan (politician)">Niaz Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Habibullah_Khan_Saadi" title="Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi">Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Rahimtoola" title="Habib Rahimtoola">Habib Rahimtoola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_al_Mujahid" title="Sharif al Mujahid">Sharif al Mujahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Sughra_Begum" title="Fatima Sughra Begum">Fatima Sughra Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Sattar_Khan_Niazi" title="Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi">Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viqar-un-Nisa_Noon" title="Viqar-un-Nisa Noon">Viqar-un-Nisa Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Abdullah_Khan_Rokhri" title="Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri">Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" title="Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Aurang_Zeb_Khan" title="Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan">Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ropari" title="Abdullah Ropari">Abdullah Ropari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_Mir_Sialkoti" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti">Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Movement_activists" title="Category:Pakistan Movement activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Pakistan" title="Category:Books about Pakistan">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idea_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Idea of Pakistan"><i>Idea of Pakistan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnah:_India,_Partition,_Independence" title="Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence"><i>Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Afghanistan_and_Baluchistan" title="Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan"><i>Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan:_A_Personal_History" title="Pakistan: A Personal History"><i>Pakistan: A Personal History</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto"><i>The Myth of Independence</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatol_Lieven" title="Anatol Lieven"><i>Pakistan: A Hard Country</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_or_Never;_Are_We_to_Live_or_Perish_Forever%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?"><i>Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan"><i>Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minar-e-Pakistan" title="Minar-e-Pakistan">Minar-e-Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab-e-Pakistan" title="Bab-e-Pakistan">Bab-e-Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Monument" title="Pakistan Monument">Pakistan Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar-e-Quaid" title="Mazar-e-Quaid">Mazar-e-Quaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarat_Residency" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziarat Residency">Ziarat Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Muhammad_Iqbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal's Tom'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Mansion" title="Wazir Mansion">Wazir Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Pakistan" title="National Library of Pakistan">National Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaliq_Deena_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaliq Deena Hall">Deena Public Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab-e-Khyber" title="Bab-e-Khyber">Bab-e-Khyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnah_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinnah Terminal">Jinnah Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">In Memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Day" title="Pakistan Day"><i>Youm-e-Pakistan</i> <small>(<b>23 March</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Constitution Day (Pakistan)"><i>Youm-e-Dastur</i> <small>(<b>10 April</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youm-e-Takbir" title="Youm-e-Takbir"><i>Youm-e-Takbir</i> <small>(<b>28 May</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Independence Day (Pakistan)"><i>Youm-e-Azadi</i> <small>(<b>14 August</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Day" title="Defence Day"><i>Youm-e-Difah</i> <small>(<b>6 September</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Day" title="Azad Kashmir Day"><i>Youm-e-Tasees</i> <small>(<b>24 October</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Day" title="Iqbal Day"><i>Youm-e-Iqbal</i> <small>(<b>9 November</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Bara Din"><i>Youm-e-Viladat</i> <small>(<b>25 December</b>)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3826613#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/haksar-hareketi">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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