CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Chuvashia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ae7bb9f5-d39a-4a36-9928-65b8fe6d3822","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Chuvashia","wgTitle":"Chuvashia","wgCurRevisionId":1259624135,"wgRevisionId":1259624135,"wgArticleId":472301,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Articles containing Russian-language text","Pages with Russian IPA","Articles containing Chuvash-language text","Pages with Chuvash IPA","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019", "Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2011","Commons category link from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from June 2014","Chuvashia","States and territories established in 1925","Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization","Regions of Europe with multiple official languages","1925 establishments in Europe","Republics of Russia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Chuvashia","wgRelevantArticleId":472301,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search" :true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":55.55,"lon":47.1},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5466","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles": "ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="750"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/800px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/640px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Chuvashia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Chuvashia rootpage-Chuvashia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chuvashia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chuvashia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chuvashia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chuvashia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creative_unions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creative_unions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Creative unions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creative_unions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chuvashia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 120 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Chuvash" title="Republik Chuvash – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Republik Chuvash" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjoewasji%C3%AB" title="Tsjoewasjië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjoewasjië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B9%E1%89%AB%E1%88%BA%E1%8B%AB" title="ቹቫሺያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቹቫሺያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تشوفاشيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشوفاشيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvasia" title="Chuvasia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chuvasia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87uva%C5%9F%C4%B1stan" title="Çuvaşıstan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çuvaşıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چوواشیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چوواشیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="চুভাশিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চুভাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сыуашстан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сыуашстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Чувашыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чувашыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Чувашыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чувашыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чувашия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чувашия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1ija" title="Čuvašija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čuvašija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchouvachia" title="Tchouvachia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchouvachia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Чуваши – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Чуваши" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txuv%C3%A0ixia" title="Txuvàixia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txuvàixia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Чăваш Республики – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чăваш Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashskaya_Respublika" title="Chuvashskaya Respublika – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chuvashskaya Respublika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1sko" title="Čuvašsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čuvašsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Tjuvasjien" title="Republikken Tjuvasjien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Republikken Tjuvasjien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1uvassia" title="Tšuvassia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Tšuvassia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschuwaschien" title="Tschuwaschien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschuwaschien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1uva%C5%A1%C5%A1ia" title="Tšuvaššia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšuvaššia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσουβασία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσουβασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciuv%C3%A0sa" title="Ciuvàsa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ciuvàsa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Чувашонь Республикась – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чувашонь Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvasia" title="Chuvasia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chuvasia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88uva%C5%9Dio" title="Ĉuvaŝio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉuvaŝio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txuvaxia" title="Txuvaxia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txuvaxia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چوواشستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چوواشستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchouvachie" title="Tchouvachie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchouvachie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSuvais" title="An tSuvais – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSuvais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87uva%C5%9Fiya" title="Çuvaşiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çuvaşiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_dos_Chuvaxos" title="República dos Chuvaxos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República dos Chuvaxos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvash_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Chuvash Khiung-fò-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chuvash Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%94%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%BC_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="추바시야 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="추바시야 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չուվաշիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չուվաշիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuwa%C5%A1iska" title="Čuwašiska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čuwašiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1ija" title="Čuvašija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čuvašija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvasia" title="Suvasia – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Suvasia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Чуваши – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чуваши" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciuvascia" title="Ciuvascia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciuvascia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%94" title="צ'ובשיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ובשיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩუვაშეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩუვაშეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чувашия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чувашия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuvashiya" title="Cuvashiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Cuvashiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чувашия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чувашия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87uva%C5%9Fistan" title="Çuvaşistan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çuvaşistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Чувашстан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чувашстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Суасламары Республика – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Суасламары Республика" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschuvaschia" title="Tschuvaschia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tschuvaschia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1ija" title="Čuvašija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čuvašija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ciuva%C5%A1ija" title="Čiuvašija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čiuvašija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciuvascia" title="Ciuvascia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ciuvascia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csuvasf%C3%B6ld" title="Csuvasföld – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csuvasföld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Чувашија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чувашија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="चुवाशिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चुवाशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩუვაშეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩუვაშეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تشوڤاشيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشوڤاشيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="چوواش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چوواش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Чувашмастор – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чувашмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Чуваш – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чуваш" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjoevasji%C3%AB" title="Tsjoevasjië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjoevasjië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B7%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="チュヴァシ共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チュヴァシ共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Чуваши – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чуваши" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschuwaschien" title="Tschuwaschien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschuwaschien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuwashya" title="Shuwashya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Shuwashya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjuvasjia" title="Tsjuvasjia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjuvasjia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjuvasjia" title="Tsjuvasjia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjuvasjia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chov%C3%A0shia" title="Chovàshia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chovàshia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Чуваший – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чуваший" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashiya" title="Chuvashiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chuvashiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="چوواشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چوواشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="چواشيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چواشيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Чувашму – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Чувашму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czuwaszja" title="Czuwaszja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czuwaszja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuv%C3%A1xia" title="Chuváxia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chuváxia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87uva%C5%9Fistan" title="Çuvaşistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çuvaşistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciuva%C8%99ia" title="Ciuvașia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciuvașia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чувашия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чувашия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чувашия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чувашия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashie" title="Chuvashie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chuvashie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87uvashia" title="Çuvashia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çuvashia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciuvascia" title="Ciuvascia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ciuvascia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1sko" title="Čuvašsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čuvašsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1ija" title="Čuvašija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čuvašija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czuwaszyj%C5%8F" title="Czuwaszyjŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czuwaszyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Чувашија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чувашија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1ka" title="Čuvaška – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čuvaška" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1uvassia" title="Tšuvassia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšuvassia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjuvasjien" title="Tjuvasjien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjuvasjien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvasya" title="Chuvasya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Chuvasya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="சுவாசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுவாசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Чуашстан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чуашстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A" title="สาธารณรัฐชูวัช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐชูวัช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87uva%C5%9Fistan" title="Çuvaşistan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çuvaşistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87uwa%C5%9Fystan" title="Çuwaşystan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çuwaşystan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чувашия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чувашия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чувашія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чувашія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="چوواشیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چوواشیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%87%DB%8B%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="چۇۋاشىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چۇۋاشىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1ijan_Tazovaldkund" title="Čuvašijan Tazovaldkund – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čuvašijan Tazovaldkund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1uva%C5%A1imaa" title="Tšuvašimaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tšuvašimaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%93%A6%E4%BB%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="楚瓦什共和国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="楚瓦什共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%93%A6%E4%BB%80" title="楚瓦什 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="楚瓦什" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87uwa%C5%9F%C4%B1stan" title="Çuwaşıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çuwaşıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%93%A6%E4%BB%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="楚瓦什共和国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="楚瓦什共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuwasi" title="Cuwasi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cuwasi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Chuvashia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuva%C5%A1ija" title="Cuvašija – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cuvašija" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5466#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Chuvashia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chuvashia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chuvashia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Chuvashia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chuvashia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&oldid=1259624135" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Chuvashia&id=1259624135&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChuvashia"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChuvashia"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Chuvashia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chuvashia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chuvashia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5466" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chuvashia&params=55_33_N_47_06_E_type:adm1st_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°33′N</span> <span class="longitude">47°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.550°N 47.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.550; 47.100</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Republic of Russia in the Volga region</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chuvashia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chuvashia (disambiguation)">Chuvashia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Republic in Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Chuvash-language text"><span lang="cv">Чӑваш Республики — Чӑваш Ен</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>)</span><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Чувашская Республика — Чувашия</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia"><img alt="Flag of Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/120px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/180px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/240px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Chuvash_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Chuvash Republic">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1604" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chuvash_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coat of arms of the Chuvash Republic (page does not exist)">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chuvash-language text"><span lang="cv">Чӑваш Республикин патшалӑх гимнӗ</span></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_the_Chuvash_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="State Anthem of the Chuvash Republic">State Anthem of the Chuvash Republic</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Anthem_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="76" data-mwtitle="Anthem_of_Chuvashia_(instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Anthem_of_Chuvashia_%28instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Anthem_of_Chuvashia_%28instrumental%29.ogg/Anthem_of_Chuvashia_%28instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Russia_(2014%E2%80%932022)_-_Chuvashia_(disputed_Crimea).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia"><img alt="Location of Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Chuvashia_%28disputed_Crimea%29.svg/300px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Chuvashia_%28disputed_Crimea%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Chuvashia_%28disputed_Crimea%29.svg/450px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Chuvashia_%28disputed_Crimea%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Chuvashia_%28disputed_Crimea%29.svg/600px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Chuvashia_%28disputed_Crimea%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="847" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chuvashia&params=55_33_N_47_06_E_type:adm1st_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°33′N</span> <span class="longitude">47°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.550°N 47.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.550; 47.100</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia">Federal district</a><sup id="cite_ref-FederalDistrict_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FederalDistrict-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic region</a><sup id="cite_ref-EconomicRegion_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EconomicRegion-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volga-Vyatka_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga-Vyatka economic region">Volga-Vyatka</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a><sup id="cite_ref-Capital_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capital-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_Chuvash_Republic" title="State Council of the Chuvash Republic">State Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-Legislature_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legislature-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Chuvash_Republic" title="Head of the Chuvash Republic">Head</a><sup id="cite_ref-HeadTitle_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeadTitle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Nikolayev_(politician)" title="Oleg Nikolayev (politician)">Oleg Nikolayev</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">18,343 km<sup>2</sup> (7,082 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2021)">2021 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,240,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_population" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by population">39th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">63.9%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">Rural</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">36.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg_Time" title="Yekaterinburg Time">MSK+2</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">RU-CU</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21, 121</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official language</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a><sup id="cite_ref-Languages_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Languages-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> • <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><sup id="cite_ref-Russian_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russian-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cap.ru">cap.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chuvashia</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially known as <b>Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">republic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. It is the homeland of the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash people</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> ethnic group. Its <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>. As of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>, its population was 1,251,619.<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chuvash Republic is located in the center of <a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a>, in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Volga-Vyatka_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga-Vyatka economic region">Volga-Vyatka economic region</a>, mostly to the west of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Upland" title="Volga Upland">Volga Upland</a>. It borders with the <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</a> in the west, <a href="/wiki/Mari_El_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mari El Republic">Mari El Republic</a> in the north, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Tatarstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Tatarstan">Republic of Tatarstan</a> in the east and southeast, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mordovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mordovia">Republic of Mordovia</a> in the southwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk Oblast</a> in the south. There are over two thousand rivers in the republic—with the major ones being the Volga, the <a href="/wiki/Sura_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura River">Sura</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tsivil_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsivil River">Tsivil</a>—as well as four hundred lakes. Some of the Volga River valley reservoirs are in the north of the republic, and the Sura River flows towards the Volga along much of the republic's western boundary. </p><p>The climate is moderately <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental</a>, with the average temperatures ranging from −13 °C (9 °F) in January to +19 °C (66 °F) in July. Annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> varies between 450 and 700 millimeters (18 and 28 in), but is uneven from one year to another. Natural resources include <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>, sand, <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sapropel" title="Sapropel">sapropel</a> deposits, <a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">phosphorite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> deposits, although their extraction has not yet been commercially pursued. Forests, mostly in the south along the Sura River, cover approximately 30% of the land.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chuvashia" title="History of Chuvashia">History of Chuvashia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_chuvashia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Map_chuvashia.png/220px-Map_chuvashia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Map_chuvashia.png/330px-Map_chuvashia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Map_chuvashia.png/440px-Map_chuvashia.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Chuvash Republic</figcaption></figure> <p>The ancestors of the Chuvash were <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Suars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Oghur</a> Turkic tribes residing in the Northern <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> in the 5th to 8th centuries. In the 7th and 8th centuries, a part of the Bulgars left for the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, where, together with local <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a>, they established the state of modern <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. Another part moved to the Middle Volga Region (see <a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria</a>), where the Bulgar population that did not adopt <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> formed the foundation of the Chuvash people.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Volga_Bulgaria" title="Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria">Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria</a>, the steppe-dwelling Suar migrated north, where <a href="/wiki/Volga_Finns" title="Volga Finns">Volga Finnic</a> tribes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mordvins" title="Mordvins">Mordvins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mari_people" title="Mari people">Mari</a> lived. The Chuvash claim to be the descendants of these Suars who assimilated with the Mari. In 1242, they became vassals of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>. Later <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar">Tatar</a> rulers did not intervene in local internal affairs as long as tribute was paid annually to <a href="/wiki/Sarai_(city)" title="Sarai (city)">Sarai</a>. When the power of the Golden Horde began to diminish, local <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars#Mishar_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Mişär Tatar</a> Murzas from <a href="/wiki/Pyana_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyana River">Piana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temnikov" title="Temnikov">Temnikov</a> tried to govern the Chuvash area. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a>'s war of conquest against the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a>, in August 1552, the Chuvash Orsai and Mari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akpar_Tokari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akpar Tokari (page does not exist)">Akpar Tokari</a> princes swore their loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Muscovy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Muscovy">Grand Duchy of Muscovy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alatyr,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Alatyr, Chuvash Republic">Alatyr</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Sura_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura River">Sura River</a>. Between 1650 and 1850, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> sent <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>-speaking missionaries to try to convert the Chuvash to the Orthodox faith. A group of these missionaries created a written Chuvash language. Most of the Chuvash who stayed in the area became Orthodox Christians, but some remained <a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a>. </p><p>On 15 May 1917, the Chuvash joined the <a href="/wiki/Idel-Ural" title="Idel-Ural">Idel-Ural</a> Movement and in December 1917 joined the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Idel-Ural_State" title="Idel-Ural State">Idel-Ural State</a>, when an agreement was reached with <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatar</a> representatives to draw the eastern border of Chuvashia at the <a href="/wiki/Sviyaga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sviyaga River">Sviyaga River</a>. Between 1918 and 1919, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> encompassed the area. This ended with victory for the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>. To gain support from the local population, Lenin ordered the creation of a Chuvash state within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a>. On 24 June 1920, the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Chuvash Autonomous Oblast">Chuvash Autonomous Oblast</a> was formed, which was transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuvash ASSR">Chuvash ASSR</a> in April 1925. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Chuvash_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Chuvash Republic">Administrative divisions of the Chuvash Republic</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg/220px-Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg/330px-Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg/440px-Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1572" /></a><figcaption>Seat of the Government of the Chuvash Republic</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg/220px-New_Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg/330px-New_Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg/440px-New_Cheboksary_Government_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>Residence of the President of Chuvash Republic</figcaption></figure> <p>Until 2012, the Chuvash Republic officially had the status of a state. In the constitution of Chuvashia (version 6, dated 13 September 2011 No. 46), the following was fixed: "The Chuvash Republic is a republic (state) within the Russian Federation." </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> period, the high authority in the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">republic</a> was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Chuvashia CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Republic Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Republic administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected <a href="/wiki/Regional_parliaments_of_Russia" title="Regional parliaments of Russia">regional parliament</a>. </p><p>The Charter of Republic of Chuvashia is the fundamental law of the region. The <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_Chuvash_Republic" title="State Council of the Chuvash Republic">State Council of the Chuvash Republic</a> is the republic's <a href="/wiki/Regional_parliaments_of_Russia" title="Regional parliaments of Russia">regional</a> standing legislative (representative) body. The highest executive body is the Republic's Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite not being large, the republic is one of the most densely populated regions in the Russian Federation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Its population was <span class="nowrap">1,251,619 (<a href="/wiki/2010_Russian_census" title="2010 Russian census">2010 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">1,313,754 (<a href="/wiki/2002_Russian_census" title="2002 Russian census">2002 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-PopCensus_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopCensus-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">1,336,066 (<a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_census" title="1989 Soviet census">1989 Soviet census</a>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1989_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1989-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The capital and largest city of Chuvashia is <a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>, with a population of around 464,000 as of 2010. Cheboksary is situated mostly on the southern bank of the Volga in the northern part of the republic (one northern bank district was added in the second part of the 20th century), approximately 650 kilometers (400 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Nearby to the east is the next largest city, <a href="/wiki/Novocheboksarsk" title="Novocheboksarsk">Novocheboksarsk</a>, with a population of 124,000 as of 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Chuvashia</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2010 Russian Census</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Chuvashia" title="Administrative divisions of Chuvashia">Administrative Division</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheboksary._Dormition_Church_P8122015_2200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cheboksary"><img alt="Cheboksary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cheboksary._Dormition_Church_P8122015_2200.jpg/120px-Cheboksary._Dormition_Church_P8122015_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cheboksary._Dormition_Church_P8122015_2200.jpg/180px-Cheboksary._Dormition_Church_P8122015_2200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cheboksary._Dormition_Church_P8122015_2200.jpg/240px-Cheboksary._Dormition_Church_P8122015_2200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Novocheboksarsk"><img alt="Novocheboksarsk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8_%28%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%29.jpg/120px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8_%28%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8_%28%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%29.jpg/180px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8_%28%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8_%28%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%29.jpg/240px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8_%28%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Novocheboksarsk" title="Novocheboksarsk">Novocheboksarsk</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">City of republic significance of Cheboksary</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">453,721 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_street_Kanash_from_park.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kanash"><img alt="Kanash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Main_street_Kanash_from_park.jpeg/120px-Main_street_Kanash_from_park.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Main_street_Kanash_from_park.jpeg/180px-Main_street_Kanash_from_park.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Main_street_Kanash_from_park.jpeg/240px-Main_street_Kanash_from_park.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kanash" title="Kanash">Kanash</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_30.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Alatyr"><img alt="Alatyr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_30.JPG/120px-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_30.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_30.JPG/180px-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_30.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_30.JPG/240px-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_30.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alatyr,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Alatyr, Chuvash Republic">Alatyr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Novocheboksarsk" title="Novocheboksarsk">Novocheboksarsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Novocheboksarsk" title="Novocheboksarsk">City of republic significance of Novocheboksarsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">124,097 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kanash" title="Kanash">Kanash</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kanashsky_District" title="Kanashsky District">Kanashsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,607 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alatyr,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Alatyr, Chuvash Republic">Alatyr</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alatyrsky_District" title="Alatyrsky District">Alatyrsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">38,203 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shumerlya" title="Shumerlya">Shumerlya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shumerlinsky_District" title="Shumerlinsky District">Shumerlinsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,722 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tsivilsk" title="Tsivilsk">Tsivilsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tsivilsky_District" title="Tsivilsky District">Tsivilsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,479 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kugesi" title="Kugesi">Kugesi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cheboksarsky_District" title="Cheboksarsky District">Cheboksarsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,917 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kozlovka,_Kozlovsky_District,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Kozlovka, Kozlovsky District, Chuvash Republic">Kozlovka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kozlovsky_District" title="Kozlovsky District">Kozlovsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,359 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vurnary" title="Vurnary">Vurnary</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vurnarsky_District" title="Vurnarsky District">Vurnarsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,086 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yadrin" title="Yadrin">Yadrin</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yadrinsky_District" title="Yadrinsky District">Yadrinsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,614 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">888,960</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,097,859</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,223,675</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,292,486</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,336,066</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,313,754</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,251,619</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,186,909</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vital_statistics">Vital statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unbaptized_Chuvash_people.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unbaptized_Chuvash_people.jpg/220px-Unbaptized_Chuvash_people.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unbaptized_Chuvash_people.jpg/330px-Unbaptized_Chuvash_people.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unbaptized_Chuvash_people.jpg/440px-Unbaptized_Chuvash_people.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Unbaptized Chuvash people in 1870</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baptized_Chuvash_people.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Baptized_Chuvash_people.jpg/220px-Baptized_Chuvash_people.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Baptized_Chuvash_people.jpg/330px-Baptized_Chuvash_people.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Baptized_Chuvash_people.jpg/440px-Baptized_Chuvash_people.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Baptized Chuvash people in 1870</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1">Russian Federal State Statistics Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080412011659/http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1">Archived</a> April 12, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th width="70pt">Average population (× 1,000) </th> <th width="70pt">Live births </th> <th width="70pt">Deaths </th> <th width="70pt">Natural change </th> <th width="70pt">Crude birth rate (per 1,000) </th> <th width="70pt">Crude death rate (per 1,000) </th> <th width="70pt">Natural change (per 1,000) </th> <th width="70pt">Fertility rates </th></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td align="right">1,227 </td> <td align="right">22,465 </td> <td align="right">10,993 </td> <td align="right">11,472 </td> <td align="right">18.3 </td> <td align="right">9.0 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td align="right">1,266 </td> <td align="right">22,956 </td> <td align="right">12,450 </td> <td align="right">10,506 </td> <td align="right">18.1 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">8.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td align="right">1,302 </td> <td align="right">22,612 </td> <td align="right">13,908 </td> <td align="right">8,704 </td> <td align="right">17.4 </td> <td align="right">10.7 </td> <td align="right">6.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td align="right">1,311 </td> <td align="right">24,385 </td> <td align="right">13,913 </td> <td align="right">10,472 </td> <td align="right">18.6 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td align="right">8.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td align="right">1,339 </td> <td align="right">21,116 </td> <td align="right">13,545 </td> <td align="right">7,571 </td> <td align="right">15.8 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">5.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td align="right">1,342 </td> <td align="right">19,113 </td> <td align="right">13,459 </td> <td align="right">5,654 </td> <td align="right">14.2 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">4.2 </td> <td align="right">1.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td align="right">1,346 </td> <td align="right">16,673 </td> <td align="right">14,141 </td> <td align="right">2,532 </td> <td align="right">12.4 </td> <td align="right">10.5 </td> <td align="right">1.9 </td> <td align="right">1.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td align="right">1,347 </td> <td align="right">14,410 </td> <td align="right">16,876 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2,466 </td> <td align="right">10.7 </td> <td align="right">12.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−1.8 </td> <td align="right">1.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td align="right">1,345 </td> <td align="right">14,498 </td> <td align="right">18,003 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3,505 </td> <td align="right">10.8 </td> <td align="right">13.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2.6 </td> <td align="right">1.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td align="right">1,345 </td> <td align="right">13,842 </td> <td align="right">17,727 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3,885 </td> <td align="right">10.3 </td> <td align="right">13.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2.9 </td> <td align="right">1.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td align="right">1,343 </td> <td align="right">13,542 </td> <td align="right">16,880 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3,338 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">12.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2.5 </td> <td align="right">1.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td align="right">1,341 </td> <td align="right">12,822 </td> <td align="right">16,762 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3,940 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">12.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2.9 </td> <td align="right">1.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td align="right">1,339 </td> <td align="right">13,300 </td> <td align="right">15,957 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2,657 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right">11.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2.0 </td> <td align="right">1.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td align="right">1,337 </td> <td align="right">12,129 </td> <td align="right">17,997 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5,868 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td align="right">13.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.4 </td> <td align="right">1.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td align="right">1,331 </td> <td align="right">12,363 </td> <td align="right">18,640 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,277 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td align="right">14.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.7 </td> <td align="right">1.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td align="right">1,324 </td> <td align="right">11,986 </td> <td align="right">18,980 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,994 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td align="right">14.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">1.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td align="right">1,314 </td> <td align="right">12,956 </td> <td align="right">19,808 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,852 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right">15.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5.2 </td> <td align="right">1.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td align="right">1,304 </td> <td align="right">13,171 </td> <td align="right">19,978 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,807 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">15.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5.2 </td> <td align="right">1.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td align="right">1,295 </td> <td align="right">13,734 </td> <td align="right">19,371 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5,637 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td align="right">15.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.4 </td> <td align="right">1.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td align="right">1,286 </td> <td align="right">13,133 </td> <td align="right">19,682 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,549 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td align="right">15.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5.1 </td> <td align="right">1.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td align="right">1,277 </td> <td align="right">13,291 </td> <td align="right">18,900 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5,609 </td> <td align="right">10.4 </td> <td align="right">14.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.4 </td> <td align="right">1.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td align="right">1,269 </td> <td align="right">14,835 </td> <td align="right">18,642 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3,807 </td> <td align="right">11.7 </td> <td align="right">14.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3.0 </td> <td align="right">1.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td align="right">1,262 </td> <td align="right">14,967 </td> <td align="right">18,436 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3,469 </td> <td align="right">11.9 </td> <td align="right">14.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2.7 </td> <td align="right">1.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td align="right">1,257 </td> <td align="right">16,103 </td> <td align="right">17,492 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−1,389 </td> <td align="right">12.8 </td> <td align="right">13.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−1.1 </td> <td align="right">1.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td align="right">1,252 </td> <td align="right">16,174 </td> <td align="right">18,186 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2,012 </td> <td align="right">12.9 </td> <td align="right">14.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−1.6 </td> <td align="right">1.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td align="right">1,249 </td> <td align="right">16,165 </td> <td align="right">16,923 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−758 </td> <td align="right">12.9 </td> <td align="right">13.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−0.7 </td> <td align="right">1.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td align="right">1,245 </td> <td align="right">17,472 </td> <td align="right">16,607 </td> <td align="right">865 </td> <td align="right">14.0 </td> <td align="right">13.3 </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="right">1.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td align="right">1,242 </td> <td align="right">17,351 </td> <td align="right">16,324 </td> <td align="right">1,027 </td> <td align="right">14.0 </td> <td align="right">13.1 </td> <td align="right">0.9 </td> <td align="right">1.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td align="right">1,240 </td> <td align="right">17,224 </td> <td align="right">16,535 </td> <td align="right">689 </td> <td align="right">13.9 </td> <td align="right">13.3 </td> <td align="right">0.6 </td> <td align="right">1.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td align="right">1,237 </td> <td align="right">17,138 </td> <td align="right">16,266 </td> <td align="right">872 </td> <td align="right">13.8 </td> <td align="right">13.1 </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="right">1.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td align="right">1,236 </td> <td align="right">16,403 </td> <td align="right">16,258 </td> <td align="right">145 </td> <td align="right">13.3 </td> <td align="right">13.1 </td> <td align="right">0.2 </td> <td align="right">1.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td align="right">1,233 </td> <td align="right">13,947 </td> <td align="right">15,571 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−1,624 </td> <td align="right">11.3 </td> <td align="right">12.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-1.3 </td> <td align="right">1.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right">11,624 </td> <td align="right">15,196 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3,572 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">12.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-2.9 </td> <td align="right"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right">11,305 </td> <td align="right">18,845 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−7,540 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td align="right">15.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-6.2 </td> <td align="right"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note: TFR<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2021 Census, ethnic <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a> make up 63.7% of the republic's population. Other groups include <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> (30.7%), <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> (2.7%), <a href="/wiki/Mordvin_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mordvin people">Mordvins</a> (0.7%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th rowspan="2">Ethnic<br />group </th> <th colspan="2">1926 Census </th> <th colspan="2">1939 Census </th> <th colspan="2">1959 Census </th> <th colspan="2">1970 Census </th> <th colspan="2">1979 Census </th> <th colspan="2">1989 Census </th> <th colspan="2">2002 Census </th> <th colspan="2">2010 Census<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021 census<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a> </td> <td>667,695 </td> <td>74.6% </td> <td>777,202 </td> <td>72.2% </td> <td>770,351 </td> <td>70.2% </td> <td>856,246 </td> <td>70.0% </td> <td>887,738 </td> <td>68.4% </td> <td>906,922 </td> <td>67.8% </td> <td>889,268 </td> <td>67.7% </td> <td>814,750 </td> <td>67.7% </td> <td>684,930 </td> <td>63.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>178,890 </td> <td>20.0% </td> <td>241,386 </td> <td>22.4% </td> <td>263,692 </td> <td>24.0% </td> <td>299,241 </td> <td>24.5% </td> <td>338,150 </td> <td>26.0% </td> <td>357,120 </td> <td>26.7% </td> <td>348,515 </td> <td>26.5% </td> <td>323,274 </td> <td>26.9% </td> <td>329,991 </td> <td>30.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> </td> <td>22,635 </td> <td>2.5% </td> <td>29,007 </td> <td>2.7% </td> <td>31,357 </td> <td>2.9% </td> <td>36,217 </td> <td>3.0% </td> <td>37,573 </td> <td>2.9% </td> <td>35,689 </td> <td>2.7% </td> <td>36,379 </td> <td>2.8% </td> <td>34,214 </td> <td>2.8% </td> <td>29,092 </td> <td>2.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mordvins" title="Mordvins">Mordvins</a> </td> <td>23,958 </td> <td>2.7% </td> <td>22,512 </td> <td>2.1% </td> <td>23,863 </td> <td>2.2% </td> <td>21,041 </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>20,276 </td> <td>1.6% </td> <td>18,686 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>15,993 </td> <td>1.2% </td> <td>13,014 </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>7,707 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Others </td> <td>1,301 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>6,703 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>8,596 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>10,930 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>14,874 </td> <td>1.3% </td> <td>19,606 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>23,599 </td> <td>1.8% </td> <td>18,298 </td> <td>1.6% </td> <td>23,085 </td> <td>2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="19"><sup>1</sup> <small>112,104 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.</small><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetics">Genetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Osteopetrosis" title="Osteopetrosis">Osteopetrosis</a> affects 1 newborn out of every 20,000 to 250,000<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> worldwide, but the odds are much higher in the Russian region of Chuvashia (1 of every 3,500–4,000 newborns) due to genetic traits of the Chuvash people.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Chuvashia as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2012Arena-religion-maps_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012Arena-religion-maps-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodoxy</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkOrchid; width:64.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">64.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:MediumOrchid; width:4.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Russia" title="Christianity in Russia">Christians</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:2.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Russia" title="Islam in Russia">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:3.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Rodnovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodnovery">Rodnovery</a> and other native faiths</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Red; width:1.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religious" title="Spiritual but not religious">Spiritual but not religious</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:14.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:7.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other and undeclared</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:1.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.8%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>According to a 2012 survey,<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 64.7% of the population of Chuvashia adheres to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, 4% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or members of non-Russian <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox churches</a>, 3% of the population (mostly <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>) follow <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, 3% are <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">unaffiliated</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a>, 1% follow indigenous faiths (<i><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></i>, Chuvash folk religion). In addition, 24% of the population declares to be "<a href="/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religious" title="Spiritual but not religious">spiritual but not religious</a>", 1% is <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a> and 2.3% follows other religions or did not answer to the question.<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a growing population of Jehovah's Witnesses among the people despite the official ban by the Russian Government. </p><p>Study of religion is compulsory for schoolchildren in Chuvashia. Of the students, approximately 76.9% are enrolled for Orthodox Studies, 16.0% for Secular Studies, 15.7% for World Religions Studies and 1.4% for Islamic Studies.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are five higher educational institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_State_University" title="Chuvash State University">Chuvash State University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_State_Pedagogical_University" title="Chuvash State Pedagogical University">Chuvash State Pedagogical University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_State_Agrarian_University" title="Chuvash State Agrarian University">Chuvash State Agrarian University</a> located in Cheboksary. These, together with 28 colleges and technical schools, are currently attended by approximately 45,000 students. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chuvashia" title="Economy of Chuvashia">Economy of Chuvashia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spirtzavod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Spirtzavod.jpg/220px-Spirtzavod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Spirtzavod.jpg/330px-Spirtzavod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Spirtzavod.jpg/440px-Spirtzavod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>In a liquor distillery, <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Posad" title="Mariinsky Posad">Mariinsky Posad</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Chuvash Republic is the most populous and fertile area in the middle <a href="/wiki/Volga_region" title="Volga region">Volga region</a>. There are deciduous woodlands on fertile black earth. In agriculture, wheat and sugar-beet, pigs and beef cattle have become more important than the rye, oats, barley and dairy cattle which are typical for the whole area. </p><p>The republic is Russia's center for growing <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hops</a> and is famous throughout the country for its long history of <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewing</a>. It is also a major center for <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, especially in the area of <a href="/wiki/Power_transmission" title="Power transmission">power transmission</a> and <a href="/wiki/Control_system" title="Control system">control systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other leading industries are <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">electricity generation</a>, and chemical manufacturing. There are also large timber-working mills at Shumerlin. </p><p>The largest companies in the region include <a href="/wiki/Khimprom_Novocheboksarsk" title="Khimprom Novocheboksarsk">Khimprom Novocheboksarsk</a> (revenues of $164.54 million in 2017), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Accond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accond (page does not exist)">Accond</a> (confectionery maker$, 152.55 million), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheboksary_Instrument-Making_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheboksary Instrument-Making Plant (page does not exist)">Cheboksary Instrument-Making Plant</a> ($142.26 million), <a href="/w/index.php?title=NPP_EKRA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NPP EKRA (page does not exist)">NPP EKRA</a> (power engineering$, 101.13 million).<sup id="cite_ref-regioncompanies_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regioncompanies-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Transport_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport network">transport network</a> in the republic is one of the most developed in Russia. The republic's system of roads, railroads, waterways, and airports closely ties the region with others in and outside of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only four roads in the Chuvash Republic are classified as important federal highways. The most important is Highway M-7, which runs from Nizhny Novgorod through the northern parts of the republic from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yadrinsky_Nikolskoye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yadrinsky Nikolskoye (page does not exist)">Yadrinsky Nikolskoye</a> via <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malye_Tyumerli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malye Tyumerli (page does not exist)">Malye Tyumerli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalmykovo" title="Kalmykovo">Kalmykovo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyrkasy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khyrkasy (page does not exist)">Khyrkasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novye_Lapsary" title="Novye Lapsary">Novye Lapsary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kugesi" title="Kugesi">Kugesi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shivlinsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shivlinsk (page does not exist)">Shivlinsk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staraya_Tyurlema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staraya Tyurlema (page does not exist)">Staraya Tyurlema</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Tatarstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Tatarstan">Republic of Tatarstan</a>. It also forms a connection via Chuvashia through the southern suburbs of Cheboksary and Novocheboksary to the <a href="/wiki/Mari_El_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mari El Republic">Mari El Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vyatka_Highway" title="Vyatka Highway">Vyatka Highway</a>. Part of this road is classified as a motorway, the only one in the republic. From Yadrinsky Nikolskoye, the federal road P-178 runs through <a href="/wiki/Yadrin" title="Yadrin">Yadrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shumerlya" title="Shumerlya">Shumerlya</a>, Alatyr, to <a href="/wiki/Surskoye" title="Surskoye">Surskoye</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk Oblast</a> and further to <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a>. In the eastern part of Chuvashia, the federal road A-151 runs from <a href="/wiki/Tsivilsk" title="Tsivilsk">Tsivilsk</a> through <a href="/wiki/Kanash" title="Kanash">Kanash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskoye,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Komsomolskoye, Chuvash Republic">Komsomolskoye</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chkalovskoye,_Chuvash_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chkalovskoye, Chuvash Republic (page does not exist)">Chkalovskoye</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karabay-Shemursha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karabay-Shemursha (page does not exist)">Karabay-Shemursha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shemursha" title="Shemursha">Shemursha</a> to Ulyanovsk and <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>. All other roads in Chuvashia are classified as local area roads. </p><p>Automobiles, trucks, and buses are the major forms of transportation, with the republic ranking fourth in highway density in all of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheboksary is situated on one of the main highways of the Russian Federation leading from <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> to the industrial areas of Tatarstan, the southern <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Urals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. A recently completed bridge across the Volga River in the north connects the republic to the developed <a href="/wiki/Urals_Federal_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals Federal District">Ural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga Federal Districts</a>. To the south, highways connect Chuvashia with Saratov and <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>. Extensive public and private bus systems connect all towns within the republic with each other and with the surrounding regions.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The standard speed of transportation of <a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">containers</a> by road is 400 kilometers (250 mi) per day. The average time of delivery from Cheboksary to Moscow is 1.5 days; to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, 2.5 days; and to <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, 10 to 15 days.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The railway network is highly developed, convenient, and accessible year-round. One of the largest railway junctions of Russia – <a href="/wiki/Kanash" title="Kanash">Kanash</a>—is in the center of the republic. Via Kanash, the rail system connects the major towns in Chuvashia with the big industrial centers of eastern <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Urals</a>, and Moscow. Express trains are reliable and provide a low-cost, comfortable way to travel. Express trains to and from Moscow are available every day, with the overnight journey taking approximately fourteen hours each way. </p><p>The following lines serve railway traffic in the Chuvash Republic: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arzamas" title="Arzamas">Arzamas</a>-Kanash line</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krasny_Usel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krasny Usel (page does not exist)">Krasny Usel</a> – Kanash -<a href="/wiki/Sviyazhsk" title="Sviyazhsk">Sviyazhsk</a> line</li> <li>Kanash – Cheboksary II – Cheboksary I – Cheboksary II – <a href="/wiki/Novocheboksarsk" title="Novocheboksarsk">Novocheboksarsk</a> line</li></ul> <p>In addition to these lines, there are 26 kilometers (16 mi) of <a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">1,520 mm</span></a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>) gauge industrial lines running from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altyshevo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altyshevo (page does not exist)">Altyshevo</a> station, on Alatyr-Kanash section, to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pervomaysky,_Chuvash_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pervomaysky, Chuvash Republic (page does not exist)">Pervomaysky</a>, located just west of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starye_Aybesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starye Aybesi (page does not exist)">Starye Aybesi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alatyrsky_District" title="Alatyrsky District">Alatyrsky District</a>. </p><p>All railway lines in Chuvashia are operated by the MPS <a href="/wiki/Gorky_Railway" title="Gorky Railway">Gorky Railway</a> Division. Steam locomotives were mostly replaced in 1970 by diesel locomotives and when the main <a href="/wiki/Arzamas" title="Arzamas">Arzamas</a>-Kanash-<a href="/wiki/Sviyazhsk" title="Sviyazhsk">Sviyazhsk</a> line was electrified, the diesel locomotives were replaced by electric ones. </p><p>The Arzamas-Kanash-Sviyazhsk line is a double track main line, while the others are single track lines. The 84 km (52 mi) Sviyazhsk-Kanash section was electrified in 1986, the 142 km (88 mi) Kanash-Sergach section in 1987. </p><p>In 1967, there were four daily passenger trains in both directions on the Alatyr-Kanash line. One of them was the semifast Sochi-Sverdlovsk-Sochi long-distance transit train, halting only at <a href="/wiki/Alatyr,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Alatyr, Chuvash Republic">Alatyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buinsk" title="Buinsk">Buinsk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kanash" title="Kanash">Kanash</a>. Cheboksary was connected by daily semifast passenger train to Moscow. The travel time was 17.30<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> hours for the 758 km (471 mi) journey. 21 express and passenger trains used the Arzamas-Kanash-Sviyazhsk main line in the summer high season in both directions. Of these, four did not halt in Chuvashia. Most of the remaining semifast trains stopped at Shumerlya, Piner, Burnary, and Kanash. Four pairs of semifast trains also stopped at Tyurmari. In the 1999–2000 timetable, 11 pairs of Moscow-Kanash-Kazan express trains stopped at Kanash. The Chuvashia 53/54 express trains between Moscow and Kanash took 11.23 hours, back 10.57 hours.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In addition to Russian <span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft</span>) gauge railways, there were six <span class="nowrap">750 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">2 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>) <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge railway">narrow gauge railway</a> lines: two short <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> briquette industry lines at Severny and Sosnovka on the north side of the Volga, and four forest railways at Shumerlya, Atrat and Kirya. All opened in the 1930s. In 1965, their total length was 145 kilometers (90 mi): </p> <ul><li>Shumerlya-Kabanovo-Rechnoy-Burak-Krasnobar forest railway – total length 72 kilometers (45 mi)</li> <li>Shumerlya-Kumashka-Salantshik-Yakhaykino forest railway – 46 kilometers (29 mi)</li> <li>Kirya-Lesopunkt Lyulya forest railway – 13 kilometers (8.1 mi)</li> <li>Atrat-Dolnaya Polyana-Lesozavod Gart forest railway – 14 kilometers (8.7 mi)</li></ul> <p>All lines were closed in the economic uncertainty after the breakup of the Soviet Union. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a> in Chuvashia</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sura_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura River">Sura Rivers</a> connect Chuvashia to a national and international water network. To the south, <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> are directly reachable. To the west, the Volga River connects Cheboksary with <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, Moscow and the northern regions of Russia. By using river-sea vessels, cargo transportation is possible from Chuvash river ports all the way to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a> (on the Black Sea), <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, and ports situated on the <a href="/wiki/Danube_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube River">Danube River</a>. However, the river is frozen from December through April.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheboksary is a frequent stop on the many boat tours of the Volga.<sup id="cite_ref-USPC_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The international <a href="/wiki/Cheboksary_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheboksary Airport">Cheboksary Airport</a> receives both cargo and passenger aircraft of practically all types and sizes. There are regularly scheduled flights to Moscow and other destinations. Additionally, Cheboksary is about a four-hour drive from <a href="/wiki/Strigino_International_Airport" title="Strigino International Airport">Strigino International Airport</a>, the airport primarily serving <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, which offers a greater number of flights, including connections through <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belavia" title="Belavia">Belavia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> is the predominant business language, the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash language</a> is still spoken by many, especially in the country. The Chuvash language belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Oghur_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oghur languages">Oghur</a> subgroup of the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language group</a>. In ancient times a <a href="/wiki/Orkhon_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkhon script">runic</a> system of writing was used. Chuvashi now uses a <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet_variants#Chuvash" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic alphabet variants">modified Cyrillic</a> script that was adopted in 1871. </p><p>There has been a resurgence of native Chuvash pride, with many people looking back to their Chuvash roots and exploring the culture and heritage and relearning the language. Most building signs, road signs, and announcements are in both Russian and Chuvash. </p><p>At present Chuvash Republic has six professional theaters: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_State_Opera_and_Ballet_Theater" title="Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater">Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_State_Academic_Drama_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuvash State Academic Drama Theater">Chuvash State Academic Drama Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_State_Academic_Song_and_Dance_Ensemble" title="Chuvash State Academic Song and Dance Ensemble">Chuvash State Academic Song and Dance Ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvash_Children%27s_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuvash Children's Theater (page does not exist)">Chuvash Children's Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_State_Puppet_Theater" title="Chuvash State Puppet Theater">Chuvash State Puppet Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvash_State_Philharmonic_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuvash State Philharmonic Society (page does not exist)">Chuvash State Philharmonic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_State_Drama_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian State Drama Theater (page does not exist)">Russian State Drama Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_State_Youth_Theater" title="Chuvash State Youth Theater">Chuvash State Youth Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvash_State_Experimental_Drama_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuvash State Experimental Drama Theater (page does not exist)">Chuvash State Experimental Drama Theater</a></li></ul> <p>and over 30 amateur theaters, a Philharmonic Society, an Academic Folk Song and Dance Group, an Academic Choir, a Chamber Orchestra, and some professional concert groups. </p><p>There are also more than 20 museums, exhibition halls and modern art galleries. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_National_Museum" title="Chuvash National Museum">Chuvash National Museum</a>.</li> <li>Art Museum <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_Vasily_Chapayev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of Vasily Chapayev (page does not exist)">Museum of Vasily Chapayev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_Museum_named_after_K.Ivanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature Museum named after K.Ivanov (page does not exist)">Literature Museum named after K.Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_and_Exhibition_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum and Exhibition Center (page does not exist)">Museum and Exhibition Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_and_Exhibition_Center_%C2%ABRaduga%C2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture and Exhibition Center «Raduga» (page does not exist)">Culture and Exhibition Center «Raduga»</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvash_Beer_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuvash Beer Museum (page does not exist)">Chuvash Beer Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvash_State_Geological_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuvash State Geological Museum (page does not exist)">Chuvash State Geological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_Cheboksary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of Cheboksary (page does not exist)">Museum of Cheboksary</a></li> <li>Space Museum</li> <li>Art Gallery</li> <li>Contemporary Art Center</li> <li>Art Gallery «6Х7»</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Chuvash Republic has more than 565 public libraries, the book collection being over 10 million units. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Chuvash_National_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Chuvash National Library (page does not exist)">The Chuvash National Library</a></li></ul> <p>Monuments of Architecture </p><p>There are about 627 monuments of architecture in Chuvashia, including 54 of national importance: the Vvedensky Cathedral (1657), the Holy Trinity Monastery (1566), the Salt House, the houses of Chuvash famous merchants (Zeleischikov, Solovtsov, the Efremov family) (18th-19th century) in Cheboksary, the Tolmachev family house and Trinity Cathedral (18th century) in the town of <a href="/wiki/Tsivilsk" title="Tsivilsk">Tsivilsk</a>, the Burashnikov house in the town of <a href="/wiki/Yadrin" title="Yadrin">Yadrin</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Surhuri" title="Surhuri">Surhuri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>: <span lang="cv">Сурхури</span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a> national <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holiday</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chuvash Republic, along with <a href="/wiki/Mordovia" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a>, has given some of the best modern <a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">race walkers</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Vera_Sokolova" title="Vera Sokolova">Vera Sokolova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olimpiada_Ivanova" title="Olimpiada Ivanova">Olimpiada Ivanova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yelena_Nikolayeva_(racewalker)" title="Yelena Nikolayeva (racewalker)">Yelena Nikolayeva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Andreyev_(racewalker)" title="Vladimir Andreyev (racewalker)">Vladimir Andreyev</a>. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/2008_IAAF_World_Race_Walking_Cup" title="2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup">2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>. Chuvash Republic is also represented by the basketball team <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://betsapi.com/t/362624/Cheboksary-Hawks">Cheboksary Hawks</a>, which performs in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://betsapi.com/l/1734/Russia-Superleague-2">Russia Superleague 2</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creative_unions">Creative unions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Creative unions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Writers_of_the_Chuvash_Republic" title="Union of the Writers of the Chuvash Republic">Union of the Writers of the Chuvash Republic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio">Radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_national_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuvash national radio">Chuvash national radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_of_Chuvashia" title="Radio of Chuvashia">Radio of Chuvashia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_national_symbols" title="Chuvash national symbols">Chuvash national symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Чувашия</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Čuvašija</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[tɕʊˈvaʂɨjə]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>: <span lang="cv">Чӑваш Ен</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Chuvash-language romanization"><i lang="cv-Latn">Çăvaş Yen</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[tɕɤ̆ˈʋaʂ<span class="wrap"> </span>jen]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Чувашская Республика — Чувашия</span>; <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>: <span lang="cv">Чӑваш Республики — Чӑваш Ен</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FederalDistrict-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FederalDistrict_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г.</span></span> (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 <i>On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District</i>. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthem-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anthem_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EconomicRegion-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EconomicRegion_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР.</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Gosstandart" title="Gosstandart">Gosstandart</a> of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 <i>Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions</i>, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capital-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Capital_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, Article 67.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legislature-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Legislature_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, Article 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsru.com/russia/29jan2020/ignatiev.html">"Putin dismissed the head of Chuvashia, Mikhail Ignatiev, in connection with a loss of confidence"</a>. <i>NewsRU</i> (in Russian). January 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NewsRU&rft.atitle=Putin+dismissed+the+head+of+Chuvashia%2C+Mikhail+Ignatiev%2C+in+connection+with+a+loss+of+confidence&rft.date=2020-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsru.com%2Frussia%2F29jan2020%2Fignatiev.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeadTitle-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HeadTitle_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, Article 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021census_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2Ftab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085"><bdi lang="ru">"Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</bdi></a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622151333/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%22.+%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Languages-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Languages_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, Article 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russian-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Russian_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution of Russia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USPC-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPC_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Brown_and_Olin_Lagon2001" class="citation web cs1">Steven Brown and Olin Lagon (June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050704084704/http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/bisdoc/0106Chuvashia.htm">"Economic Overview of the Republic of Chuvashia"</a>. United States Peace Corps Business Development Volunteers in Chuvashia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/bisdoc/0106Chuvashia.htm">the original</a> on July 4, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+Overview+of+the+Republic+of+Chuvashia&rft.pub=United+States+Peace+Corps+Business+Development+Volunteers+in+Chuvashia&rft.date=2001-06&rft.au=Steven+Brown+and+Olin+Lagon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bisnis.doc.gov%2Fbisnis%2Fbisdoc%2F0106Chuvashia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopCensus-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopCensus_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_State_Statistics_Service2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a> (May 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls"><bdi lang="ru">Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек</bdi></a> [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]</bdi> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.au=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2F1_TOM_01_04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1989-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1989_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php"><bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров</bdi></a> [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. <bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]</bdi> (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via <i>Demoscope Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+1989+%D0%B3.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%5BInstitute+of+Demography+at+the+National+Research+University%3A+Higher+School+of+Economics%5D&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus89_reg.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b12_111/Main.htm">"БГД"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%93%D0%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Fbgd%2Fregl%2Fb12_111%2FMain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2021-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Национальный состав населения"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FTom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225111852/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm">"Впн-2010"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936">the original</a> on December 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%BD-2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis-2010.ru%2Fnews%2Fdetail.php%3FID%3D6936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteopetrosis/">"Osteopetrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics"</a>. <i>medlineplus.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=medlineplus.gov&rft.atitle=Osteopetrosis%3A+MedlinePlus+Genetics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedlineplus.gov%2Fgenetics%2Fcondition%2Fosteopetrosis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnalab.ru/diseases-diagnostics/osteopetrosis">"Остеопетроз рецессивный (мраморная болезнь костей) - ДНК-диагностика - Центр Молекулярной Генетики"</a>. <i>www.dnalab.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dnalab.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%28%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%29+-+%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+-+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnalab.ru%2Fdiseases-diagnostics%2Fosteopetrosis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201103911/http://www.genetik.med.cap.ru/Page.aspx?id=580773">"Медицинская генетика Чувашии"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genetik.med.cap.ru/Page.aspx?id=580773">the original</a> on February 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genetik.med.cap.ru%2FPage.aspx%3Fid%3D580773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sreda.org/en/arena">"Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"</a>. Sreda, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012Arena-religion-maps-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2012Arena-religion-maps_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg">2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps</a>. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg">Archived</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/1333093.html">"Всё больше чувашских школьников предпочитают изучать светскую этику"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D1%91+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5+%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regnum.ru%2Fnews%2F1333093.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regioncompanies-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-regioncompanies_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sbis.ru/contragents?p=companies"><bdi lang="ru">Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО</bdi></a>. <i>СБИС</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%98%D0%A1&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%95%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%AE%D0%9B+%D0%B8+%D0%95%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%9F%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%9D+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%9F%D0%9F+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%98%D0%9F+%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsbis.ru%2Fcontragents%3Fp%3Dcompanies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFНестеров1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Нестеров, В. А. (1981) [1981]. <bdi lang="ru">Населённые пункты Чувашской АССР. 1917–1981 годы: Справочник об административно-территориальном делении</bdi> (in Russian). Чувашское книжное издательство.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0.+1917%E2%80%931981+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%3A+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%92.+%D0%90.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственный Совет Чувашской Республики. 30 ноября 2000 г. «Конституция Чувашской Республики», в ред. Закона №34 от 26 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в главу 7 Конституции Чувашской Республики». Вступил в силу 10 декабря 2000 г. Опубликован: "Республика", №52, 9 декабря 2000 г.</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_Chuvash_Republic" title="State Council of the Chuvash Republic">State Council of the Chuvash Republic</a>. November 30, 2000 <i>Constitution of the Chuvash Republic</i>, as amended by the Law #34 of June 26, 2014 <i>On Amending Chapter 7 of the Constitution of the Chuvash Republic</i>. Effective as of December 10, 2000.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственный Совет Чувашской Республики. Закон №12 от 14 июля 1997 г. «О государственных символах Чувашской Республики», в ред. Закона №59 от 30 июля 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Чувашской Республики "О государственных символах Чувашской Республики"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Чаваш ен", No.30, 26 июля – 2 августа 1997 г.</span></span> (State Council of the Chuvash Republic. Law #12 of July 14, 1997 <i>On the State Symbols of the Chuvash Republic</i>, as amended by the Law #59 of July 30, 2013 <i>On Amending the Law of the Chuvash Republic "On the State Symbols of the Chuvash Republic"</i>. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalmin2020" class="citation journal cs1">Salmin, Anton K. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106085900/http://salmin-ak.ru/userfile/pdf/2020/2020TheHistory.pdf">"The History of the Chuvash People in Ethnographic Facts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal Tourism Studies & Practices (RTEP)</i> (2: Geplat: Caderno Suplementar): 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2316-1493">2316-1493</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://salmin-ak.ru/userfile/pdf/2020/2020TheHistory.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+Tourism+Studies+%26+Practices+%28RTEP%29&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Chuvash+People+in+Ethnographic+Facts&rft.issue=2%3A+Geplat%3A+Caderno+Suplementar&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=2316-1493&rft.aulast=Salmin&rft.aufirst=Anton+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsalmin-ak.ru%2Fuserfile%2Fpdf%2F2020%2F2020TheHistory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVovina2000" class="citation journal cs1">Vovina, Olessia P. (December 2000). "Building the road to the temple: Religion and national revival in the Chuvash Republic". <i><a href="/wiki/Nationalities_Papers" title="Nationalities Papers">Nationalities Papers</a></i>. <b>28</b> (4): 695–706. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00905990020009683">10.1080/00905990020009683</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153834810">153834810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nationalities+Papers&rft.atitle=Building+the+road+to+the+temple%3A+Religion+and+national+revival+in+the+Chuvash+Republic&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=695-706&rft.date=2000-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00905990020009683&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153834810%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Vovina&rft.aufirst=Olessia+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasledie.nbchr.ru/"><bdi lang="ru">Культурное наследие Чувашии</bdi></a> (in Russian). Национальная библиотека Чувашской Республики<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnasledie.nbchr.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuvashia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chuvashia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chuvashia#Q5466" class="extiw" title="voy:Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.cap.ru/hierarhy_cap.asp?page=./103">Official website of the Chuvash Republic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050411073733/http://crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru-cu.html">About flag and coat of arms of the Chuvash Republic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120116144521/http://news.chuvashia.net/">Chuvashia news</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181026182747/https://www.idelreal.org/a/27902182.html">Why do Chuvash people not speak in Chuvash?</a> (article in Russian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idelreal.org/a/29546401.html">"As it is in the Chuvash Republic the Chuvash are not needed?!"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Chuvashia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chuvash_Republic" title="Template:Chuvash Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chuvash_Republic" title="Template talk:Chuvash Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chuvash_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chuvash Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Chuvashia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Chuvashia" title="Administrative divisions of Chuvashia">Administrative divisions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chuvashia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Chuvashia" title="List of rural localities in Chuvashia">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Chuvashia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Chuvashia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1604" /></a></span></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alatyrsky_District" title="Alatyrsky District">Alatyrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alikovsky_District" title="Alikovsky District">Alikovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batyrevsky_District" title="Batyrevsky District">Batyrevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksarsky_District" title="Cheboksarsky District">Cheboksarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibresinsky_District" title="Ibresinsky District">Ibresinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanashsky_District" title="Kanashsky District">Kanashsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolsky_District,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Komsomolsky District, Chuvash Republic">Komsomolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozlovsky_District" title="Kozlovsky District">Kozlovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoarmeysky_District,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Krasnoarmeysky District, Chuvash Republic">Krasnoarmeysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnochetaysky_District" title="Krasnochetaysky District">Krasnochetaysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariinsko-Posadsky_District" title="Mariinsko-Posadsky District">Mariinsko-Posadsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgaushsky_District" title="Morgaushsky District">Morgaushsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poretsky_District" title="Poretsky District">Poretsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemurshinsky_District" title="Shemurshinsky District">Shemurshinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumerlinsky_District" title="Shumerlinsky District">Shumerlinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsivilsky_District" title="Tsivilsky District">Tsivilsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmarsky_District" title="Urmarsky District">Urmarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vurnarsky_District" title="Vurnarsky District">Vurnarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadrinsky_District" title="Yadrinsky District">Yadrinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalchiksky_District" title="Yalchiksky District">Yalchiksky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantikovsky_District" title="Yantikovsky District">Yantikovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Chuvashia"><img alt="Flag of Chuvashia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alatyr,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Alatyr, Chuvash Republic">Alatyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanash" title="Kanash">Kanash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozlovka,_Kozlovsky_District,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Kozlovka, Kozlovsky District, Chuvash Republic">Kozlovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Posad" title="Mariinsky Posad">Mariinsky Posad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novocheboksarsk" title="Novocheboksarsk">Novocheboksarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumerlya" title="Shumerlya">Shumerlya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsivilsk" title="Tsivilsk">Tsivilsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadrin" title="Yadrin">Yadrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibresi" title="Ibresi">Ibresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugesi" title="Kugesi">Kugesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novye_Lapsary" title="Novye Lapsary">Novye Lapsary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosnovka,_Cheboksary,_Chuvash_Republic" title="Sosnovka, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic">Sosnovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmary" title="Urmary">Urmary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vurnary" title="Vurnary">Vurnary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Russia" title="Template:Subdivisions of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Russia" title="Political divisions of Russia">Subdivisions of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Federal_subjects"><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subjects</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a> (48)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Oblast" title="Astrakhan Oblast">Astrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod_Oblast" title="Belgorod Oblast">Belgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk_Oblast" title="Bryansk Oblast">Bryansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo_Oblast" title="Ivanovo Oblast">Ivanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga_Oblast" title="Kaluga Oblast">Kaluga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemerovo_Oblast" title="Kemerovo Oblast">Kemerovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Oblast" title="Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_Oblast" title="Kurgan Oblast">Kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk_Oblast" title="Kursk Oblast">Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk_Oblast" title="Lipetsk Oblast">Lipetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadan_Oblast" title="Magadan Oblast">Magadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast" title="Murmansk Oblast">Murmansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast" title="Novgorod Oblast">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk_Oblast" title="Novosibirsk Oblast">Novosibirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol_Oblast" title="Oryol Oblast">Oryol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza_Oblast" title="Penza Oblast">Penza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Oblast" title="Pskov Oblast">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov_Oblast" title="Rostov Oblast">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Oblast" title="Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Oblast" title="Sakhalin Oblast">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" title="Samara Oblast">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov_Oblast" title="Saratov Oblast">Saratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Oblast" title="Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov_Oblast" title="Tambov Oblast">Tambov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Oblast" title="Tomsk Oblast">Tomsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula_Oblast" title="Tula Oblast">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" title="Tver Oblast">Tver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Oblast" title="Vladimir Oblast">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda_Oblast" title="Vologda Oblast">Vologda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporozhye</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a> (24)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adygea" title="Adygea">Adygea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Crimea</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Karelia" title="Republic of Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakassia" title="Khakassia">Khakassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_Republic" title="Komi Republic">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El">Mari El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovia" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania" title="North Ossetia–Alania">North Ossetia–Alania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a> (9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Krai" title="Altai Krai">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk_Krai" title="Khabarovsk Krai">Khabarovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Krai" title="Krasnoyarsk Krai">Krasnoyarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" title="Stavropol Krai">Stavropol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a> (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug">Khanty-Mansi</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Nenets</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Yamalo-Nenets</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a> (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia#Types" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Autonomous oblast</a> (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup>Considered by most of the international community to be part of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><sup>2</sup>Administratively subordinated to <a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen Oblast</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><sup>3</sup>Administratively subordinated to <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Non-constitutional_official_divisions_by_various_institutions"><b>Non-constitutional official divisions by various institutions</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia">Federal districts</a> (by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Development_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Economic Development (Russia)">Ministry of Economic Development</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_districts_of_Russia" title="Military districts of Russia">Military districts</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_districts_of_Russia" title="Judicial districts of Russia">Judicial districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5466#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5466#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5466#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151415390">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1262626/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4303086-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92076100">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119753668">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119753668">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Čuvašská republika (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130703&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jlkmsq4w9g7g7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007530805105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chuvashskaya Respublika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/8185eac8-9aec-482b-af94-19b70d04e91e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13747610?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&oldid=1259624135">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&oldid=1259624135</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chuvashia" title="Category:Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1925" title="Category:States and territories established in 1925">States and territories established in 1925</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Category:Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Europe_with_multiple_official_languages" title="Category:Regions of Europe with multiple official languages">Regions of Europe with multiple official languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1925_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1925 establishments in Europe">1925 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republics_of_Russia" title="Category:Republics of Russia">Republics of Russia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Russian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Russian IPA">Pages with Russian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chuvash-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chuvash-language text">Articles containing Chuvash-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Chuvash_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Chuvash IPA">Pages with Chuvash IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)">CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_March_2011" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2011">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2014" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2014">Use mdy dates from June 2014</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 04:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuvashia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-8rbhk","wgBackendResponseTime":203,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.250","walltime":"1.647","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10728,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":187782,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":29509,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":108496,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1397.178 1 -total"," 30.67% 428.542 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 26.91% 375.973 1 Template:Infobox"," 15.85% 221.418 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.94% 180.772 16 Template:Cite_web"," 9.77% 136.450 2 Template:Native_name"," 7.21% 100.774 1 Template:Authority_control"," 7.13% 99.673 1 Template:Chuvashia"," 6.89% 96.307 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.53% 91.287 1 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.693","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18236090,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-bz6wh","timestamp":"20241127202141","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Chuvashia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chuvashia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5466","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5466","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-16T19:49:33Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T04:23:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d7\/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg","headline":"federal subject of Russia"}</script> </body> </html>