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<span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organic_oils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organic_oils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Organic oils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organic_oils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mineral_oils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineral_oils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mineral oils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineral_oils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cooking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cooking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cosmetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cosmetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cosmetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cosmetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heat_transfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heat_transfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Heat transfer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heat_transfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lubrication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lubrication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Lubrication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lubrication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Fuel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_feedstock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_feedstock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Chemical feedstock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_feedstock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 121 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खनिज तेल – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="खनिज तेल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="زيت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite" title="Aceite – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aceite" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite" title="Aceite – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aceite" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C4%9F" title="Yağ – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yağ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="یاغ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاغ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="তেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%BB" title="Iû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Аліва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аліва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Масло – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Масло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulje" title="Ulje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ulje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoul" title="Eoul – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eoul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тоһон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Тоһон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oli" title="Oli – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83" title="Çу – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çу" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olej" title="Olej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Olej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olew" title="Olew – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Olew" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olie" title="Olie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Olie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96le" title="Öle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Öle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8C%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4" title="མར༌ཁུ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="མར༌ཁུ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95li" title="Õli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9" title="Λάδι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λάδι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92li" title="Òli – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Òli" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B9" title="Ой – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ой" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite" title="Aceite – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aceite" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleo" title="Oleo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oleo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olio" title="Olio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Olio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%86" title="روغن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روغن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huile" title="Huile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oalje" title="Oalje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oalje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ola" title="Ola – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ola" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooill" title="Ooill – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ooill" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ola" title="Ola – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ola" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite" title="Aceite – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aceite" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%A6%84" title="기름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai" title="Mai – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2" title="Յուղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յուղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulja" title="Ulja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ulja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleo" title="Oleo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oleo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak" title="Minyak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minyak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amafutha" title="Amafutha – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Amafutha" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%ADa" title="Olía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Olía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olio" title="Olio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="שמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lenga" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಎಣ್ಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಣ್ಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafuta" title="Mafuta – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mafuta" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafuta" title="Mafuta – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mafuta" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwil" title="Lwil – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lwil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilwil" title="Dilwil – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dilwil" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນ້ຳມັນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນ້ຳມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleum_(generale)" title="Oleum (generale) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oleum (generale)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C4%BC%C4%BCa" title="Eļļa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eļļa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliejus_(chemija)" title="Aliejus (chemija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aliejus (chemija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maf%C3%BAta" title="Mafúta – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mafúta" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oli_(liquid)" title="Oli (liquid) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oli (liquid)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaj_(fogalom)" title="Olaj (fogalom) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olaj (fogalom)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Масло – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Масло" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menaka" title="Menaka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Menaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3" title="എണ്ണ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എണ്ണ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinu" title="Hinu – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hinu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="زيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86" title="راغون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="راغون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak" title="Minyak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Minyak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE" title="ဆီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiwai" title="Waiwai – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Waiwai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olie" title="Olie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="तेल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82" title="चिकं – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिकं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B9" title="油 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="油" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olje" title="Olje – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Olje" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olje" title="Olje – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Olje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92li" title="Òli – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òli" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moy" title="Moy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਤੇਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੇਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84" title="تیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%84_%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D9%88%DA%93" title="تېل يا غوړ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تېل يا غوړ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ail" title="Ail – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ail" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eule" title="Eule – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Eule" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleje" title="Oleje – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oleje" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93leo" title="Óleo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Óleo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulei" title="Ulei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ulei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Масло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Масло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="तैलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तैलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ile" title="Ile – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ile" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="තෙල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තෙල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil" title="Oil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="تيل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تيل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olej_(v%C5%A1eobecne)" title="Olej (všeobecne) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Olej (všeobecne)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olje" title="Olje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Olje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliid" title="Saliid – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Saliid" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D9%86" title="ڕۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulje" title="Ulje – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ulje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulje" title="Ulje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ulje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak" title="Minyak – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Minyak" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ljy" title="Öljy – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Öljy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olja" title="Olja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langis" title="Langis – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Langis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்ணெய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்ணெய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86" title="నూనె – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నూనె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="น้ำมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B6k" title="Miök – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Miök" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C4%9F" title="Yağ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Оливи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оливи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84" title="تیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojo" title="Ojo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ojo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A7u" title="Dầu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dầu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95li" title="Õli – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Õli" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94le" title="Ôle – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ôle" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B9" title="油 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="油" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B9" title="油 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="油" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C4%97jos" title="Alėjos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Alėjos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B9" title="油 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="油" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Viscous water-insoluble liquid</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the chemical substance. For crude oil, see <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Oil_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Oil (disambiguation)">Oil (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg/250px-Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="551" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg/330px-Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg/500px-Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="2781" /></a><figcaption>A bottle of <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a> used in food</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>An <b>oil</b> is any <a href="/wiki/Chemical_polarity" title="Chemical polarity">nonpolar</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical substance</a> that is composed primarily of <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbons</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobe" title="Hydrophobe">hydrophobic</a> (does not mix with <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Lipophilicity" title="Lipophilicity">lipophilic</a> (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and <a href="/wiki/Surfactant" title="Surfactant">surface active</a>. Most oils are unsaturated <a href="/wiki/Lipids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipids">lipids</a> that are liquid at room temperature. </p><p>The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be <a href="/wiki/Animal_fats" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal fats">animal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemical</a> in origin, and may be <a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">volatile</a> or non-volatile.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are used for food (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>), fuel (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Heating_oil" title="Heating oil">heating oil</a>), medical purposes (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">mineral oil</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lubrication" title="Lubrication">lubrication</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Motor_oil" title="Motor oil">motor oil</a>), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>First attested in English 1176, the word <i>oil</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i>oile</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>oleum</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in turn comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἔλαιον</span></span> (<i>elaion</i>), "olive oil, oil"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐλαία</span></span> (<i>elaia</i>), "<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a> tree", "olive fruit".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest attested forms of the word are the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐀁𐀨𐀺</span></span>, <i>e-ra-wo</i> and <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐀁𐁉𐀺</span></span>, <i>e-rai-wo</i>, written in the <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> syllabic script.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organic_oils">Organic oils</h3></div> <p>Organic oils are produced in remarkable diversity by plants, animals, and other organisms through natural <a href="/wiki/Metabolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolic">metabolic</a> processes. <i><a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">Lipid</a></i> is the scientific term for the <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a> and similar chemicals often found in the oils produced by living things, while oil refers to an overall mixture of chemicals. Organic oils may also contain chemicals other than lipids, including <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">waxes</a> (class of compounds with oil-like properties that are solid at common temperatures) and <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloids</a>. </p><p>Lipids can be classified by the way that they are made by an organism, their chemical structure and their limited <a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">solubility</a> in water compared to oils. They have a high <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> content and are considerably lacking in <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> compared to other organic compounds and minerals; they tend to be relatively <a href="/wiki/Chemical_polarity" title="Chemical polarity">nonpolar</a> molecules, but may include both polar and nonpolar regions as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid" title="Phospholipid">phospholipids</a> and steroids.<sup id="cite_ref-alberts_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberts-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mineral_oils">Mineral oils</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></div> <p>Crude oil, or <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, and its refined components, collectively termed <i><a href="/wiki/Petrochemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrochemicals">petrochemicals</a></i>, are crucial resources in the modern economy. Crude oil originates from ancient <a href="/wiki/Fossilized" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossilized">fossilized</a> <a href="/wiki/Organic_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic material">organic materials</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Geochemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Geochemical">geochemical</a> processes convert into oil.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "mineral oil" is a <a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">misnomer</a>, in that minerals are not the source of the oil—ancient plants and animals are. Mineral oil is organic. However, it is classified as "mineral oil" instead of as "organic oil" because its organic origin is remote (and was unknown at the time of its discovery), and because it is obtained in the vicinity of rocks, underground traps, and sands. <i><a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></i> also refers to several specific distillates of crude oil.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooking">Cooking</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a></div> <p>Several edible vegetable and animal oils, and also <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fats</a>, are used for various purposes in cooking and food preparation. In particular, many foods are fried in oil much hotter than boiling water. Oils are also used for flavoring and for modifying the texture of foods (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Stir_frying" title="Stir frying">stir fry</a>). Cooking oils are derived either from animal fat, as <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a> and other types, or plant oils from <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">sunflower</a> and many other species.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</h3></div> <p>Oils are applied to hair to give it a lustrous look, to prevent tangles and roughness and to stabilize the hair to promote growth. See <a href="/wiki/Hair_conditioner" title="Hair conditioner">hair conditioner</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <p>Oil has been used throughout history as a religious medium. It is often considered a spiritually purifying agent and is used for <a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">anointing</a> purposes. As a particular example, <a href="/wiki/Holy_anointing_oil" title="Holy anointing oil">holy anointing oil</a> has been an important ritual liquid for <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <p>Oils have been consumed since ancient times. Oils hold lots of fats and medical properties. A good example is olive oil. Olive oil holds a lot of fats within it which is why it was also used in lighting in ancient Greece and Rome. So people would use it to bulk out food so they would have more energy to burn through the day. Olive oil was also used to clean the body in this time as it would trap the moisture in the skin while pulling the grime to the surface. It was used as an ancient form of unsophisticated soap. It was applied on the skin then scrubbed off with a wooden stick pulling off the excess grime and creating a layer where new grime could form but be easily washed off in the water as oil is hydrophobic.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fish oils hold the omega-3 fatty acid. This fatty acid helps with inflammation and reduces fat in the bloodstream.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>   </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting">Painting</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">Oil painting</a></div> <p>Color <a href="/wiki/Pigments" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigments">pigments</a> are easily <a href="/wiki/Suspension_(chemistry)" title="Suspension (chemistry)">suspended</a> in oil, making it suitable as a supporting medium for <a href="/wiki/Oil_paint" title="Oil paint">paints</a>. The oldest known extant oil paintings date from 650 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heat_transfer">Heat transfer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transformer_oil" title="Transformer oil">Transformer oil</a></div> <p>Oils are used as coolants in <a href="/wiki/Oil_cooling" title="Oil cooling">oil cooling</a>, for instance in electric <a href="/wiki/Transformer#Cooling" title="Transformer">transformers</a>. Heat transfer oils are used both as <a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">coolants</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Oil_cooling" title="Oil cooling">oil cooling</a>), for heating (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Oil_heater" title="Oil heater">oil heaters</a>) and in other applications of heat transfer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lubrication">Lubrication</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobil_1_motor_oil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobil_1_motor_oil.jpg/170px-Mobil_1_motor_oil.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobil_1_motor_oil.jpg/255px-Mobil_1_motor_oil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobil_1_motor_oil.jpg/340px-Mobil_1_motor_oil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>Synthetic motor oil</figcaption></figure> <p>Given that they are non-polar, oils do not easily adhere to other substances. This makes them useful as <a href="/wiki/Lubricants" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubricants">lubricants</a> for various engineering purposes. Mineral oils are more commonly used as machine lubricants than biological oils are. <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">Whale oil</a> is preferred for lubricating clocks, because it does not evaporate, leaving dust, although its use was banned in the US in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is a long-running myth that <a href="/wiki/Spermaceti" title="Spermaceti">spermaceti</a> from whales has still been used in NASA projects such as the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a> probe because of its extremely low freezing temperature. Spermaceti is not actually an oil, but a mixture mostly of wax esters, and there is no evidence that NASA has used whale oil.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fuel">Fuel</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">Fuel oil</a></div> <p>Some oils <a href="/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion">burn</a> in liquid or <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosol</a> form, generating <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heat</a> which can be used directly or converted into other forms of energy such as electricity or mechanical work. In order to obtain many fuel oils, <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> is pumped from the ground and is shipped via <a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">oil tanker</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipeline</a> to an <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refinery</a>. There, it is converted from crude oil to <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel fuel</a> (petrodiesel), <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a> (and other short-chain <a href="/wiki/Alkanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkanes">alkanes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oils</a> (heaviest of commercial fuels, used in ships/furnaces), <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> (petrol), <a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">jet fuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a> (historically), and <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas</a>. A 42-US-gallon (35 imp gal; 160 L) barrel of crude oil produces approximately 10 US gallons (8.3 imp gal; 38 L) of diesel, 4 US gallons (3.3 imp gal; 15 L) of jet fuel, 19 US gallons (16 imp gal; 72 L) of gasoline, 7 US gallons (5.8 imp gal; 26 L) of other products, 3 US gallons (2.5 imp gal; 11 L) split between heavy fuel oil and liquified petroleum gases,<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2 US gallons (1.7 imp gal; 7.6 L) of heating oil. The total production of a barrel of crude into various products results in an increase to 45 US gallons (37 imp gal; 170 L).<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 18th and 19th centuries, <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">whale oil</a> was commonly used for lamps, which was replaced with natural gas and then electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_feedstock">Chemical feedstock</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Oil" title="Special:EditPage/Oil">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Crude oil can be refined into a wide variety of component <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbons" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrocarbons">hydrocarbons</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Petrochemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrochemicals">Petrochemicals</a></i> are the refined <a href="/wiki/Components_of_crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Components of crude oil">components of crude oil</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the chemical products made from them. They are used as <a href="/wiki/Detergents" class="mw-redirect" title="Detergents">detergents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fertilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilizers">fertilizers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicines" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicines">medicines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paints" class="mw-redirect" title="Paints">paints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastics">plastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">synthetic fibers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">synthetic rubber</a>. </p><p>Organic oils are another important chemical feedstock, especially in <a href="/wiki/Green_chemistry" title="Green chemistry">green chemistry</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emulsifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Emulsifier">Emulsifier</a>, a chemical which allows oil and water to mix</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Knight+Science+Journalism+at+MIT&rft.atitle=Troubled+waters%3A+Who+Would+Believe+NASA+Used+Whale+Oil+on+Voyager+and+Hubble%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fksj.mit.edu%2Ftracker%2F2014%2F03%2Fwho-would-believe-nasa-used-whale-oil-vo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=oil_home">U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502160758/https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=oil_home">Archived</a> 2018-05-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — Retrieved 2011-10-02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petroleumhistory.org/OilHistory/pages/Whale/whale.html">"Whale Oil"</a>. <i>petroleumhistory.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=petroleumhistory.org&rft.atitle=Whale+Oil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.petroleumhistory.org%2FOilHistory%2Fpages%2FWhale%2Fwhale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKostianoyLavrova2014" class="citation book cs1">Kostianoy, Andrey G.; Lavrova, Olga Yu (2014-07-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Eya6BQAAQBAJ&q=%C2%A0+Petrochemicals+are+refined+components+of+crude+oil&pg=PA2"><i>Oil Pollution in the Baltic Sea</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642384769" title="Special:BookSources/9783642384769"><bdi>9783642384769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oil+Pollution+in+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014-07-08&rft.isbn=9783642384769&rft.aulast=Kostianoy&rft.aufirst=Andrey+G.&rft.au=Lavrova%2C+Olga+Yu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEya6BQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%25C2%25A0%2BPetrochemicals%2Bare%2Brefined%2Bcomponents%2Bof%2Bcrude%2Boil%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 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