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In present study, the pathogenic fungus was isolated from infected plant parts and identified based on morphological and cultural characters as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30324939" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: Wilt is an important disease of brinjal crop causing significant reduction in yield. 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20076605/SOME_OBSERVATIONS_ON_SEEDS_AND_SEEDLINGS_OF_JOJOBA_SIMMONDSIA_CHINENSIS_LINK_C_K_SCHNEIDER_FAMILY_SIMMONDSIACEAE_A_NATIVE_OF_SONORAN_DESERT_CULTIVATED_IN_PAKISTAN">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS OF JOJOBA [SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (LINK) C.K. SCHNEIDER (FAMILY: SIMMONDSIACEAE)] – A NATIVE OF SONORAN DESERT – CULTIVATED IN PAKISTAN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Seeds of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link.) C.E. Schneider, collected from its plantation raised by Jojoba Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, were germinated in garden loamy soil and some of the seed and seedling characteristics... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20076605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Seeds of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link.) C.E. Schneider, collected from its plantation raised by Jojoba Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, were germinated in garden loamy soil and some of the seed and seedling characteristics were studied. The seeds of Jojoba are chocolate (mahogeny) brown in colour, ovate in shape and non-endospermic provided with a dorsal longitudinal raphe. Testa is thin but hard. A dense creamy-white mat of unicellular trichomes is present over the surface of the seed. The weight of seed averaged to 895.32 ± 11.62 mg varying from 551 to 1155 mg (CV: 12.98%). The seed weight tended to follow normal distribution. Jojoba seedlings appear to resemble the Chisocheton subtype of Vogel (1980). According to the Garwood (1996) scheme Jojoba seedling may be classed as “Crypto-cotylar hypogeal Reserve type”. The embryo is straight. Cotyledons are massive, shortly petiolate succulent, food-laden, creamy white in colour and semi-ellipsoidal in shape. The outer surface of cotyledons is provided with longitudinally running grooves. In one-month old seedlings, shoot was 10.75 ± 1.05 cm and root 12.8 ± 1.8cm long and there were 9.75 ± 1.18 leaves per seedling. There existed variation with respect to leaf shape. The leaves of basal nodes were obtuse apexed, emarginate or round. The leaves of upper nodes were ovate or oblong or elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate in shape with acute apex. Venation appeared to be of brachidodromous type as evident by the grooves on the lamina. Stem and leaves densely pubescent. The trichomes of shoot were of two types – a) multicellular uniseriate trichomes of 2-9 (-11) and b) glandular multicellular uniseriate trichomes with apical cell globose. Some trichomes showed meander like cell wall. The shoot of seedling was thickly encrusted with cuticle and wax. The stomata of anomocytic type were the common one. The inner surface of cotyledons had tetracytic stomata. Some stomata with common subsidiary or no subsidiary also existed on stem and leaf. Leaves of Jojoba are amphistomatic. The occurrence of pericytic stoma besides anomocytic one was extremely rare feature on dorsal foliar surface. The average number of stomata was higher on the lower surface (81.91 ± 1.387 per mm2) than on the dorsal surface (55.98 ± 1.452 per mm2). The stomata were sunken. The size of the stomatal complex (stoma + epicuticular dome) was comparable on the two foliar surfaces. In all, seven fungal species (4 genera) were found to associate with Jojoba seeds and seedlings - Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium solani and Absidia sp. Absidia sp. only associated with seeds in internalized state.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20076605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccc1a3a444c5c9bded078f3ae5bb8294" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40993159,"asset_id":20076605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40993159/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16545781" href="https://karachi.academia.edu/arauf">abdul rauf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16545781" type="text/json">{"id":16545781,"first_name":"abdul","last_name":"rauf","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"arauf","display_name":"abdul rauf","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/arauf?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16545781/6546524/7401920/s65_abdul.rauf.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20076605">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20076605"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DoctorKhan">Doctor Khan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20076605'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20076605').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20076605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20076605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20076605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20076605", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20076605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20076605; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20076605"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20076605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20076605"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20076605; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20076605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20076605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20076605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20076605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215619" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_niger">Aspergillus niger</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215619" type="text/json">{"id":215619,"name":"Aspergillus niger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_niger?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_flavus">Aspergillus flavus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215620" type="text/json">{"id":215620,"name":"Aspergillus flavus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_flavus?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="225510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seedlings">Seedlings</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="225510" type="text/json">{"id":225510,"name":"Seedlings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seedlings?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20076605]'), work: {"id":20076605,"title":"SOME OBSERVATIONS ON SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS OF JOJOBA [SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (LINK) C.K. SCHNEIDER (FAMILY: SIMMONDSIACEAE)] – A NATIVE OF SONORAN DESERT – CULTIVATED IN PAKISTAN","created_at":"2016-01-07T02:39:31.101-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20076605/SOME_OBSERVATIONS_ON_SEEDS_AND_SEEDLINGS_OF_JOJOBA_SIMMONDSIA_CHINENSIS_LINK_C_K_SCHNEIDER_FAMILY_SIMMONDSIACEAE_A_NATIVE_OF_SONORAN_DESERT_CULTIVATED_IN_PAKISTAN?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_20076605","summary":"Seeds of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link.) C.E. Schneider, collected from its plantation raised by Jojoba Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, were germinated in garden loamy soil and some of the seed and seedling characteristics were studied. The seeds of Jojoba are chocolate (mahogeny) brown in colour, ovate in shape and non-endospermic provided with a dorsal longitudinal raphe. Testa is thin but hard. A dense creamy-white mat of unicellular trichomes is present over the surface of the seed. The weight of seed averaged to 895.32 ± 11.62 mg varying from 551 to 1155 mg (CV: 12.98%). The seed weight tended to follow normal distribution. Jojoba seedlings appear to resemble the Chisocheton subtype of Vogel (1980). According to the Garwood (1996) scheme Jojoba seedling may be classed as “Crypto-cotylar hypogeal Reserve type”. The embryo is straight. Cotyledons are massive, shortly petiolate succulent, food-laden, creamy white in colour and semi-ellipsoidal in shape. The outer surface of cotyledons is provided with longitudinally running grooves. In one-month old seedlings, shoot was 10.75 ± 1.05 cm and root 12.8 ± 1.8cm long and there were 9.75 ± 1.18 leaves per seedling. There existed variation with respect to leaf shape. The leaves of basal nodes were obtuse apexed, emarginate or round. The leaves of upper nodes were ovate or oblong or elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate in shape with acute apex. Venation appeared to be of brachidodromous type as evident by the grooves on the lamina. Stem and leaves densely pubescent. The trichomes of shoot were of two types – a) multicellular uniseriate trichomes of 2-9 (-11) and b) glandular multicellular uniseriate trichomes with apical cell globose. Some trichomes showed meander like cell wall. The shoot of seedling was thickly encrusted with cuticle and wax. The stomata of anomocytic type were the common one. The inner surface of cotyledons had tetracytic stomata. Some stomata with common subsidiary or no subsidiary also existed on stem and leaf. Leaves of Jojoba are amphistomatic. The occurrence of pericytic stoma besides anomocytic one was extremely rare feature on dorsal foliar surface. The average number of stomata was higher on the lower surface (81.91 ± 1.387 per mm2) than on the dorsal surface (55.98 ± 1.452 per mm2). The stomata were sunken. The size of the stomatal complex (stoma + epicuticular dome) was comparable on the two foliar surfaces. In all, seven fungal species (4 genera) were found to associate with Jojoba seeds and seedlings - Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium solani and Absidia sp. Absidia sp. only associated with seeds in internalized state.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40993159,"asset_id":20076605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16545781,"first_name":"abdul","last_name":"rauf","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"arauf","display_name":"abdul rauf","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/arauf?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16545781/6546524/7401920/s65_abdul.rauf.png"},{"id":18839049,"first_name":"Doctor","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DoctorKhan","display_name":"Doctor Khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DoctorKhan?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18839049/19151271/19098179/s65_doctor.khan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":215619,"name":"Aspergillus niger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_niger?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215620,"name":"Aspergillus flavus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_flavus?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":225510,"name":"Seedlings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seedlings?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":386438,"name":"Seeds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seeds?f_ri=215624"},{"id":404322,"name":"Leaf Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leaf_Architecture?f_ri=215624"},{"id":416501,"name":"Jojoba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jojoba?f_ri=215624"},{"id":769380,"name":"Rhizopus Stolonifer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizopus_Stolonifer?f_ri=215624"},{"id":786038,"name":"Seed Mycoflora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seed_Mycoflora?f_ri=215624"},{"id":2280179,"name":"Simmondsia chinensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simmondsia_chinensis?f_ri=215624"},{"id":2280182,"name":"Aspergillus terreus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_terreus?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13149282 coauthored" data-work_id="13149282" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13149282/Monograph_on_the_genus_Fusarium">Monograph on the genus Fusarium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This monograph covers history and nomenclature of the Genus Fusarium, Fusarium nomenclature, classification of the genus Fusarium (the Wollenbecher and Reinking classification of Fusarium genus (1935), the Snyder and Hansen... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13149282" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This monograph covers history and nomenclature of the Genus Fusarium, Fusarium nomenclature, classification of the genus Fusarium (the Wollenbecher  and Reinking classification of Fusarium genus (1935), the  Snyder and Hansen classification, 1940, the A. Raillo classification, 1950,  the W. Gerlach & H.I. Nierenberg classification, 1982m the C. Booth classification, 1971, the John F. Leslie, Brett A. Summerell classification,  the toxigenic Fusarium species ), distribution and diversity of Fusarium species, the Fusarium morphology, Fusarium genomics, Fusarium diseases in plants, man and animals, isolation and identification of Fusarium species , with special emphasis on description of Fusarium species, Fusarium books  and some research projects</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13149282" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a326f4a1c3a5251f2cac939ae0342f12" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37960690,"asset_id":13149282,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37960690/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3379036" href="https://cairo.academia.edu/MohamedRefai">Mohamed Refai</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3379036" type="text/json">{"id":3379036,"first_name":"Mohamed","last_name":"Refai","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"MohamedRefai","display_name":"Mohamed Refai","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/MohamedRefai?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3379036/1138697/1426650/s65_mohamed.refai.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13149282">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13149282"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://egyptfishportal.academia.edu/atefhassan">atef A hassan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13149282'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13149282').html(); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3057" type="text/json">{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4193428]'), work: {"id":4193428,"title":"Isolation and characterization of a lectin from the seeds of Dioclea lehmanni","created_at":"2013-08-07T14:28:37.224-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4193428/Isolation_and_characterization_of_a_lectin_from_the_seeds_of_Dioclea_lehmanni?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_4193428","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49991219,"asset_id":4193428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5073485,"first_name":"Marcela","last_name":"Mora","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcelaMora","display_name":"Marcela 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PAGE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SDS_PAGE-1?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1188429,"name":"Hemagglutination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemagglutination?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1491514,"name":"*Hot Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Hot_Temperature?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=215624"},{"id":2142568,"name":"Thallophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thallophyta?f_ri=215624"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=215624"},{"id":2537989,"name":"ovum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ovum?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6045904" data-work_id="6045904" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6045904/Endophytic_Fungal_Flora_from_Roots_and_Fruits_of_an_Indian_Neem_Plant_Azadirachta_indica_A_Juss_and_Impact_of_Culture_Media_on_their_Isolation">Endophytic Fungal Flora from Roots and Fruits of an Indian Neem Plant Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and Impact of Culture Media on their Isolation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem), native to India, is well known worldwide for its insecticidal and ethanopharmacological properties. Although endophytic microbes are known from this plant as only leaves and stems were the subjects of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6045904" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem), native to India, is well known worldwide for its insecticidal and ethanopharmacological properties. Although endophytic microbes are known from this plant as only leaves and stems were the subjects of past reports. Now, a variety of procedures and a number of different media were used to isolate the maximum number of endophytic fungi from unripe fruits and roots. A total of 272 isolates of 29 filamentous fungal taxa were isolated at rate of 68.0% from 400 samples of three different individual trees (at locations-Az1, Az2, Az3). Mycological agar (MCA) medium yielded the highest number of isolates (95, with a 14.50% isolation rate) with the greatest species richness. Mycelia Sterilia (1, 2, 3) accounted for 11.06%, Coelomycetes 7.25%, while Hyphomycetes showed the maximum number of representative isolates (81.69%). Mycelia-Sterilia (1, 2, 3), based on their 5.8S ITS 1, ITS2 and partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences were identified as Fusarium solani (99%), Chaetomium globosum (93%) and Chaetomium globosum (93%) respectively. Humicola, Drechslera, Colletotrichum, and Scytalidium sp. were some of the peculiar fungal endophytes recovered from this plant.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6045904" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97ea1d8858b429db00fbdab792160fdc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49041792,"asset_id":6045904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49041792/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9084007" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/SurendraGond">Surendra Gond</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9084007" type="text/json">{"id":9084007,"first_name":"Surendra","last_name":"Gond","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"SurendraGond","display_name":"Surendra Gond","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/SurendraGond?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9084007/3197529/3763533/s65_surendra.gond.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6045904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6045904"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6045904, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6045904", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6045904]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6045904").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6045904").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6045904"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131233" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian">Indian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131233" type="text/json">{"id":131233,"name":"Indian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="199056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Richness">Species Richness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="199056" type="text/json">{"id":199056,"name":"Species Richness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Richness?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6045904]'), work: {"id":6045904,"title":"Endophytic Fungal Flora from Roots and Fruits of an Indian Neem Plant Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and Impact of Culture Media on their Isolation","created_at":"2014-02-12T04:30:30.439-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6045904/Endophytic_Fungal_Flora_from_Roots_and_Fruits_of_an_Indian_Neem_Plant_Azadirachta_indica_A_Juss_and_Impact_of_Culture_Media_on_their_Isolation?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_6045904","summary":"Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem), native to India, is well known worldwide for its insecticidal and ethanopharmacological properties. Although endophytic microbes are known from this plant as only leaves and stems were the subjects of past reports. Now, a variety of procedures and a number of different media were used to isolate the maximum number of endophytic fungi from unripe fruits and roots. A total of 272 isolates of 29 filamentous fungal taxa were isolated at rate of 68.0% from 400 samples of three different individual trees (at locations-Az1, Az2, Az3). Mycological agar (MCA) medium yielded the highest number of isolates (95, with a 14.50% isolation rate) with the greatest species richness. Mycelia Sterilia (1, 2, 3) accounted for 11.06%, Coelomycetes 7.25%, while Hyphomycetes showed the maximum number of representative isolates (81.69%). Mycelia-Sterilia (1, 2, 3), based on their 5.8S ITS 1, ITS2 and partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences were identified as Fusarium solani (99%), Chaetomium globosum (93%) and Chaetomium globosum (93%) respectively. Humicola, Drechslera, Colletotrichum, and Scytalidium sp. were some of the peculiar fungal endophytes recovered from this plant.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49041792,"asset_id":6045904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9084007,"first_name":"Surendra","last_name":"Gond","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"SurendraGond","display_name":"Surendra Gond","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/SurendraGond?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9084007/3197529/3763533/s65_surendra.gond.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":131233,"name":"Indian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":199056,"name":"Species Richness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Richness?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"},{"id":231370,"name":"Endophytic Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endophytic_Fungi?f_ri=215624"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1409690,"name":"Azadirachta Indica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Azadirachta_Indica?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26884745" data-work_id="26884745" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26884745/Antagonistic_effects_of_Bacillus_species_in_biocontrol_of_tomato_Fusarium_wilt">Antagonistic effects of Bacillus species in biocontrol of tomato Fusarium wilt</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fusarium solani is the causative organism of Fusarium wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Four Bacillus spp identified as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, B. pumilus and B. subtilis were tested for biocontrol activities in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26884745" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fusarium solani is the causative organism of Fusarium wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Four Bacillus spp identified as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, B. pumilus and B. subtilis were tested for biocontrol activities in vitro as zone of inhibition and in vivo as percent disease control and disease incidence. The result from in vitro analysis showed that B. amyloliquefaciens inhibited the growth of F. solani the most by 95.2% while B. cereus had the highest growth of F. solani and inhibition of 55.7%. B pumilus and B. subtilis showed inhibition of 70.46% and 82.1% respectively and were significantly lower (p=0.05) than the control with 100% F. solani growth. In vivo, B. cereus had the least disease incidence and highest percent disease control (18.75% and 81.2%). This was significantly different from the control (100% and 0%), B. amyloliquefaciens (25% and 75%), B. pumilus (37.5% and 62.5%) and B. subtilis (37.5% and 62.5%). Also, growth parameters like shoot and root l...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26884745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a093f8faf8fc37093f577b208661fd1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47149442,"asset_id":26884745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47149442/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50889063" href="https://nwu.academia.edu/OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola">Olubukola Oluranti Babalola</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50889063" type="text/json">{"id":50889063,"first_name":"Olubukola Oluranti","last_name":"Babalola","domain_name":"nwu","page_name":"OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola","display_name":"Olubukola Oluranti Babalola","profile_url":"https://nwu.academia.edu/OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26884745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26884745"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26884745, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26884745", }); 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Four Bacillus spp identified as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, B. pumilus and B. subtilis were tested for biocontrol activities in vitro as zone of inhibition and in vivo as percent disease control and disease incidence. The result from in vitro analysis showed that B. amyloliquefaciens inhibited the growth of F. solani the most by 95.2% while B. cereus had the highest growth of F. solani and inhibition of 55.7%. B pumilus and B. subtilis showed inhibition of 70.46% and 82.1% respectively and were significantly lower (p=0.05) than the control with 100% F. solani growth. In vivo, B. cereus had the least disease incidence and highest percent disease control (18.75% and 81.2%). This was significantly different from the control (100% and 0%), B. amyloliquefaciens (25% and 75%), B. pumilus (37.5% and 62.5%) and B. subtilis (37.5% and 62.5%). Also, growth parameters like shoot and root l...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47149442,"asset_id":26884745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50889063,"first_name":"Olubukola Oluranti","last_name":"Babalola","domain_name":"nwu","page_name":"OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola","display_name":"Olubukola Oluranti Babalola","profile_url":"https://nwu.academia.edu/OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173357,"name":"Disease Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Control?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":612070,"name":"Fusarium wilt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_wilt?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}]}, }) 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzymes">Enzymes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55163" type="text/json">{"id":55163,"name":"Enzymes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzymes?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74341" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungicides">Fungicides</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74341" type="text/json">{"id":74341,"name":"Fungicides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungicides?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188240" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato">Tomato</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188240" type="text/json">{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7932601]'), work: {"id":7932601,"title":"In vitro Study on Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Causing the Damping Off and Root Rot Diseases in Tomatoes In vitro Study on Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Causing the Damping Off and Root Rot Diseases in Tomatoes","created_at":"2014-08-10T22:18:11.931-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7932601/In_vitro_Study_on_Fusarium_solani_and_Rhizoctonia_solani_Isolates_Causing_the_Damping_Off_and_Root_Rot_Diseases_in_Tomatoes_In_vitro_Study_on_Fusarium_solani_and_Rhizoctonia_solani_Isolates_Causing_the_Damping_Off_and_Root_Rot_Diseases_in_Tomatoes?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_7932601","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34410822,"asset_id":7932601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15074447,"first_name":"Gullabax","last_name":"Hawlery","domain_name":"salahaddin-erbil","page_name":"GullabaxHawlery","display_name":"Gullabax Hawlery","profile_url":"https://salahaddin-erbil.academia.edu/GullabaxHawlery?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":55163,"name":"Enzymes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzymes?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":74341,"name":"Fungicides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungicides?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13118323" data-work_id="13118323" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13118323/FUNGITOXICITY_OF_DIFFERENT_CHEMICAL_FUNGICIDES_TO_SEED_BORNE_AND_ROOT_INFECTING_FUNGI_ASSOCIATED_WITH_SOLANUM_MELONGENA_L">FUNGITOXICITY OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES TO SEED BORNE AND ROOT INFECTING FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SOLANUM MELONGENA L.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eggplants showing stunting and wilting appearance and seeds were collected from Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas districts. Nine fungi including four predominant pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani Macrophomina phaseolina and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13118323" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eggplants showing stunting and wilting appearance and seeds were collected from Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas districts. Nine fungi including four<br />predominant pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum, were found associated<br />with these samples. Eight fungicides viz., Thiophanate-methyl, Fosetyl-aluminium, Propineb, Carbendazim, Copper oxychloride,<br />Mendipropomide, Difenoconazole and Metriam were evaluated with five different concentrations viz., 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000 ppm by food<br />poisoning method. Variation in growth reduction observed with changing concentrations of fungicides. Higher concentrations of tested fungicides<br />were more effective than medium and lower ones. Difenoconazole at its all doses (1-10,000 ppm) caused more than 50% inhibition of F. solani.<br />Among 40 different treatments only Thiophanate-methyl at 10,000 ppm and Carbendazim 10,000 ppm and 1000 ppm causes more than 50%<br />growth reduction of R. solani as compared to control. Thiophanate-methyl, Carbendazim and Difenoconazole 1-10,000 ppm dose cause more<br />than 50% growth reduction of M. phaseolina. Mendipropomide at its highest used dose (10000 ppm) cause only 43% inhibition of Fusarium<br />oxysporum. Carbendazim and Thiophanate-methyl found equally effective against above mentioned pathogens.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13118323" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fb0727455c8f056488bae681478b2406" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37951086,"asset_id":13118323,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37951086/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30714921" href="https://karachi.academia.edu/IJBBpakistan">IJBB pakistan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30714921" type="text/json">{"id":30714921,"first_name":"IJBB","last_name":"pakistan","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"IJBBpakistan","display_name":"IJBB pakistan","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/IJBBpakistan?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13118323 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13118323"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13118323, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13118323", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13118323]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13118323").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13118323").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13118323"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74341" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungicides">Fungicides</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74341" type="text/json">{"id":74341,"name":"Fungicides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungicides?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215623" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_oxysporum">Fusarium oxysporum</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215623" type="text/json">{"id":215623,"name":"Fusarium oxysporum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_oxysporum?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="690978" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophomina_Phaseolina">Macrophomina Phaseolina</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="690978" type="text/json">{"id":690978,"name":"Macrophomina Phaseolina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophomina_Phaseolina?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13118323]'), work: {"id":13118323,"title":"FUNGITOXICITY OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES TO SEED BORNE AND ROOT INFECTING FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SOLANUM MELONGENA L.","created_at":"2015-06-20T01:12:29.943-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13118323/FUNGITOXICITY_OF_DIFFERENT_CHEMICAL_FUNGICIDES_TO_SEED_BORNE_AND_ROOT_INFECTING_FUNGI_ASSOCIATED_WITH_SOLANUM_MELONGENA_L?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_13118323","summary":"Eggplants showing stunting and wilting appearance and seeds were collected from Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas districts. Nine fungi including four\npredominant pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum, were found associated\nwith these samples. Eight fungicides viz., Thiophanate-methyl, Fosetyl-aluminium, Propineb, Carbendazim, Copper oxychloride,\nMendipropomide, Difenoconazole and Metriam were evaluated with five different concentrations viz., 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000 ppm by food\npoisoning method. Variation in growth reduction observed with changing concentrations of fungicides. Higher concentrations of tested fungicides\nwere more effective than medium and lower ones. Difenoconazole at its all doses (1-10,000 ppm) caused more than 50% inhibition of F. solani.\nAmong 40 different treatments only Thiophanate-methyl at 10,000 ppm and Carbendazim 10,000 ppm and 1000 ppm causes more than 50%\ngrowth reduction of R. solani as compared to control. Thiophanate-methyl, Carbendazim and Difenoconazole 1-10,000 ppm dose cause more\nthan 50% growth reduction of M. phaseolina. Mendipropomide at its highest used dose (10000 ppm) cause only 43% inhibition of Fusarium\noxysporum. Carbendazim and Thiophanate-methyl found equally effective against above mentioned pathogens.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37951086,"asset_id":13118323,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30714921,"first_name":"IJBB","last_name":"pakistan","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"IJBBpakistan","display_name":"IJBB pakistan","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/IJBBpakistan?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":74341,"name":"Fungicides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungicides?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215623,"name":"Fusarium oxysporum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_oxysporum?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":690978,"name":"Macrophomina Phaseolina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophomina_Phaseolina?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":698689,"name":"Eggplant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eggplant?f_ri=215624"},{"id":893159,"name":"Chemical Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Control?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1969298,"name":"Rhizoctonia solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizoctonia_solani?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22836795" data-work_id="22836795" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22836795/Antifungal_Activity_of_a_Common_Himalayan_Foliose_Lichen_Parmotrema_tinctorum_Despr_ex_Nyl_Hale_Activity_of_a_Common_Himalayan_Foliose_Lichen_Parmotrema_tinctorum_Despr_ex_Nyl_">Antifungal Activity of a Common Himalayan Foliose Lichen Parmotrema tinctorum ( Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale. Activity of a Common Himalayan Foliose Lichen Parmotrema tinctorum ( Despr. ex Nyl)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In-vitro antifungal activity of acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr.ex.Nyl.) Hale. was investigated against ten plant pathogenic fungi viz. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22836795" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In-vitro antifungal activity of acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr.ex.Nyl.) Hale. was investigated against ten plant pathogenic fungi viz. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium roseum, Ustilago spp., Albugo candida and Penicillium citrinum , with reference to commercially available synthetic antifungal drug Ketoconazole (positive control) using disk diffusion assay. Methanol extract was most effective against all investigated fungi followed by acetone and chloroform extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) concluded that though Ketoconazole was effective against five of the investigated fungi, the extracts of Parmotrema tinctorum were more effective against rest of the five broad spectrum plant pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus,Fusarium solani, Fusarium roseum, Penicillium citrinum and Ustilago spp.).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22836795" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36dccdb85d8f4b393f229c4838eee18e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43381745,"asset_id":22836795,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43381745/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44491093" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrivediSuman">Suman Trivedi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44491093" type="text/json">{"id":44491093,"first_name":"Suman","last_name":"Trivedi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TrivediSuman","display_name":"Suman Trivedi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TrivediSuman?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22836795 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22836795"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22836795, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22836795", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22836795 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22836795; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22836795"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22836795 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22836795"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22836795; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22836795]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22836795").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22836795").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22836795"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5069" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis">Principal Component Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5069" type="text/json">{"id":5069,"name":"Principal Component Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parmotrema_tinctorum">Parmotrema tinctorum</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215541" type="text/json">{"id":215541,"name":"Parmotrema tinctorum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parmotrema_tinctorum?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215543" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity">Antifungal Activity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="215543" type="text/json">{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22836795]'), work: {"id":22836795,"title":"Antifungal Activity of a Common Himalayan Foliose Lichen Parmotrema tinctorum ( Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale. Activity of a Common Himalayan Foliose Lichen Parmotrema tinctorum ( Despr. ex Nyl)","created_at":"2016-03-05T01:23:31.501-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22836795/Antifungal_Activity_of_a_Common_Himalayan_Foliose_Lichen_Parmotrema_tinctorum_Despr_ex_Nyl_Hale_Activity_of_a_Common_Himalayan_Foliose_Lichen_Parmotrema_tinctorum_Despr_ex_Nyl_?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_22836795","summary":"In-vitro antifungal activity of acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr.ex.Nyl.) Hale. was investigated against ten plant pathogenic fungi viz. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium roseum, Ustilago spp., Albugo candida and Penicillium citrinum , with reference to commercially available synthetic antifungal drug Ketoconazole (positive control) using disk diffusion assay. Methanol extract was most effective against all investigated fungi followed by acetone and chloroform extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) concluded that though Ketoconazole was effective against five of the investigated fungi, the extracts of Parmotrema tinctorum were more effective against rest of the five broad spectrum plant pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus,Fusarium solani, Fusarium roseum, Penicillium citrinum and Ustilago spp.).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43381745,"asset_id":22836795,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44491093,"first_name":"Suman","last_name":"Trivedi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TrivediSuman","display_name":"Suman Trivedi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TrivediSuman?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":5069,"name":"Principal Component Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215541,"name":"Parmotrema tinctorum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parmotrema_tinctorum?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215544,"name":"Secondary Metabolites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secondary_Metabolites?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215545,"name":"Soxhlet extractor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soxhlet_extractor?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215548,"name":"Rotary Evaporator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotary_Evaporator?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215549,"name":"Disk Diffusion Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disk_Diffusion_Method?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215552,"name":"Ketoconazole","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ketoconazole?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215619,"name":"Aspergillus niger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_niger?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215620,"name":"Aspergillus flavus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_flavus?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215622,"name":"Alternaria alternata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternaria_alternata?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215623,"name":"Fusarium oxysporum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_oxysporum?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215625,"name":"Fusarium roseum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_roseum?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215628,"name":"Albugo candida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albugo_candida?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215629,"name":"Penicillium citrinum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Penicillium_citrinum?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215631,"name":"Extraction of Lichens Using Soxhlet Apparatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extraction_of_Lichens_Using_Soxhlet_Apparatus?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215633,"name":"Aspergillus fumigatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_fumigatus-1?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215634,"name":"Ustilago spp.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ustilago_spp?f_ri=215624"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=215624"},{"id":256389,"name":"Nature Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_Science?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48100591" data-work_id="48100591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48100591/Microorganismos_Ben%C3%A9ficos_en_El_Control_De_Enfermedades_en_Jengibre">Microorganismos Benéficos en El Control De Enfermedades en Jengibre</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Application of beneficial microorganisms on the control of ginger diseases. The suppressing action of Tricoderma viride 2C-PR, Bacillus subtilis 002R, and Streptomyces griseus 001 against Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Pseudomonas... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48100591" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Application of beneficial microorganisms on the control of ginger diseases. The suppressing action of Tricoderma viride 2C-PR, Bacillus subtilis 002R, and Streptomyces griseus 001 against Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Pseudomonas sp., and Erwinia carotovora affecting ginger was tested, in comparison with the fungicides and bactericides used by farmers. At Peñas Blancas, San Ramón, Alajuela, the application of the biological and chemical products were carried out every 15 days for 9 months, and weekly when there was any focus of infection. The experiment was conducted during 11 months (February-December), survival of pathogens and biocontrol agents were evaluated by microbiological analyses when the crop was 4 and 9 months old; production was also evaluated. In general, pathogens lowest number was observed at the biological treatment in comparison with the chemical one in both sampling dates, with the exception of F. solani during the first sampling. At the end of the experime...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48100591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b253ea71337881d459cbf6779d668e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66887955,"asset_id":48100591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66887955/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="166655569" href="https://lleida.academia.edu/AndreaBola%C3%B1os">Andrea Bolaños</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="166655569" type="text/json">{"id":166655569,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Bolaños","domain_name":"lleida","page_name":"AndreaBolaños","display_name":"Andrea Bolaños","profile_url":"https://lleida.academia.edu/AndreaBola%C3%B1os?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48100591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48100591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48100591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48100591", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48100591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48100591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48100591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48100591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34117" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_and_Biological_Engineering">Chemical and Biological Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34117" type="text/json">{"id":34117,"name":"Chemical and Biological Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_and_Biological_Engineering?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48100591]'), work: {"id":48100591,"title":"Microorganismos Benéficos en El Control De Enfermedades en Jengibre","created_at":"2021-05-04T01:00:10.353-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48100591/Microorganismos_Ben%C3%A9ficos_en_El_Control_De_Enfermedades_en_Jengibre?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_48100591","summary":"Application of beneficial microorganisms on the control of ginger diseases. The suppressing action of Tricoderma viride 2C-PR, Bacillus subtilis 002R, and Streptomyces griseus 001 against Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Pseudomonas sp., and Erwinia carotovora affecting ginger was tested, in comparison with the fungicides and bactericides used by farmers. At Peñas Blancas, San Ramón, Alajuela, the application of the biological and chemical products were carried out every 15 days for 9 months, and weekly when there was any focus of infection. The experiment was conducted during 11 months (February-December), survival of pathogens and biocontrol agents were evaluated by microbiological analyses when the crop was 4 and 9 months old; production was also evaluated. In general, pathogens lowest number was observed at the biological treatment in comparison with the chemical one in both sampling dates, with the exception of F. solani during the first sampling. At the end of the experime...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66887955,"asset_id":48100591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":166655569,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Bolaños","domain_name":"lleida","page_name":"AndreaBolaños","display_name":"Andrea Bolaños","profile_url":"https://lleida.academia.edu/AndreaBola%C3%B1os?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":34117,"name":"Chemical and Biological Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_and_Biological_Engineering?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":231547,"name":"Soil Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbiology?f_ri=215624"},{"id":386872,"name":"Bacillus subtilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_subtilis?f_ri=215624"},{"id":397099,"name":"Biological treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_treatment?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1969298,"name":"Rhizoctonia solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizoctonia_solani?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1990483" data-work_id="1990483" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1990483/Antifungal_Activity_of_a_Common_Himalayan_Foliose_Lichen_Parmotrema_tinctorum_Despr_ex_Nyl_Hale">Antifungal Activity of a Common Himalayan Foliose Lichen Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1990483" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e9d14be71e3589a55c98877e106cb07" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":28837974,"asset_id":1990483,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28837974/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="689026" href="https://kumaunnainital.academia.edu/PreetiShukla">Preeti Shukla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="689026" type="text/json">{"id":689026,"first_name":"Preeti","last_name":"Shukla","domain_name":"kumaunnainital","page_name":"PreetiShukla","display_name":"Preeti Shukla","profile_url":"https://kumaunnainital.academia.edu/PreetiShukla?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/689026/3269275/3847136/s65_preeti.shukla.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1990483 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1990483"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1990483, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1990483", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1990483]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1990483").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1990483").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1990483"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5069" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis">Principal Component Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5069" type="text/json">{"id":5069,"name":"Principal Component Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parmotrema_tinctorum">Parmotrema tinctorum</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215541" type="text/json">{"id":215541,"name":"Parmotrema tinctorum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parmotrema_tinctorum?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215543" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity">Antifungal Activity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="215543" type="text/json">{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1990483]'), work: {"id":1990483,"title":"Antifungal Activity of a Common Himalayan Foliose Lichen Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32300287" href="https://ufsm.academia.edu/RafaelFighera">Rafael Fighera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32300287" type="text/json">{"id":32300287,"first_name":"Rafael","last_name":"Fighera","domain_name":"ufsm","page_name":"RafaelFighera","display_name":"Rafael Fighera","profile_url":"https://ufsm.academia.edu/RafaelFighera?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13061253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13061253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13061253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13061253", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13061253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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data-has-card-for-ri="134672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rio_Grande_do_Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134672" type="text/json">{"id":134672,"name":"Rio Grande do Sul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rio_Grande_do_Sul?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215623" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_oxysporum">Fusarium oxysporum</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215623" type="text/json">{"id":215623,"name":"Fusarium oxysporum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_oxysporum?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13061253]'), work: {"id":13061253,"title":"Pneumonia intersticial em bovinos associada à ingestão de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas) mofada","created_at":"2015-06-17T17:05:08.823-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13061253/Pneumonia_intersticial_em_bovinos_associada_%C3%A0_ingest%C3%A3o_de_batata_doce_Ipomoea_batatas_mofada?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_13061253","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42590027,"asset_id":13061253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32300287,"first_name":"Rafael","last_name":"Fighera","domain_name":"ufsm","page_name":"RafaelFighera","display_name":"Rafael 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class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1332658" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8dc08dcbe245a64cc47fa34635a30261" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51024385,"asset_id":1332658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51024385/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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data-has-card-for-ri="23515" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control">Biological Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23515" type="text/json">{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis">Cluster Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="131237" type="text/json">{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1332658]'), work: {"id":1332658,"title":"Impact of a beneficial and of a pathogenic Fusarium strain on the fingerprinting-based structure of microbial communities in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Milll.) …","created_at":"2012-02-02T20:34:59.143-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1332658/Impact_of_a_beneficial_and_of_a_pathogenic_Fusarium_strain_on_the_fingerprinting_based_structure_of_microbial_communities_in_tomato_Lycopersicon_esculentum_Milll_?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_1332658","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51024385,"asset_id":1332658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":463879,"first_name":"Michalis","last_name":"Omirou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichalisOmirou","display_name":"Michalis Omirou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichalisOmirou?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/463879/153469/178583/s65_michalis.omirou.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_community?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1640340,"name":"Lycopersicon esculentum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lycopersicon_esculentum?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29746540" data-work_id="29746540" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29746540/Intertrigo_interorteil_%C3%A0_Fusarium_solani">Intertrigo interorteil à Fusarium solani</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi">Fungi</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17272" type="text/json">{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29082" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_Analysis">Sequence Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="29082" type="text/json">{"id":29082,"name":"Sequence Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_Analysis?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27611262]'), work: {"id":27611262,"title":"Impact of biocide treatments on the bacterial communities of the Lascaux 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Jurado","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ValmeJurado?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":29082,"name":"Sequence Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_Analysis?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=215624"},{"id":112324,"name":"Pseudomonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas?f_ri=215624"},{"id":139817,"name":"Disinfectants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disinfectants?f_ri=215624"},{"id":174498,"name":"Paintings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paintings?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"},{"id":724764,"name":"Naturwissenschaften","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naturwissenschaften?f_ri=215624"},{"id":747024,"name":"Legionella","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legionella?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1256666,"name":"Geologic Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geologic_Sediments?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1292709,"name":"Alcaligenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcaligenes?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1627116,"name":"Microbial community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_community?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63516873" data-work_id="63516873" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63516873/Glyceollin_a_soybean_phytoalexin_with_medicinal_properties">Glyceollin, a soybean phytoalexin with medicinal properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This review covers the biosynthesis of glyceollin and its biological activities including antiproliferative/ antitumor action (toward B16 melanoma cells, LNCaP prostate cancer cells, and BG-1 ovarian cancer cells), anti-estrogenic action... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63516873" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This review covers the biosynthesis of glyceollin and its biological activities including antiproliferative/ antitumor action (toward B16 melanoma cells, LNCaP prostate cancer cells, and BG-1 ovarian cancer cells), anti-estrogenic action (through estrogen receptors α- ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63516873" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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$(".js-view-count-work_63516873").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63516873"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prostate_Cancer">Prostate Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12980" type="text/json">{"id":12980,"name":"Prostate Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prostate_Cancer?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19703" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology">Applied microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19703" type="text/json">{"id":19703,"name":"Applied microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovarian_Cancer">Ovarian Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23319" type="text/json">{"id":23319,"name":"Ovarian Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovarian_Cancer?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63516873]'), work: {"id":63516873,"title":"Glyceollin, a soybean phytoalexin with 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Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prostate_Cancer?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":19703,"name":"Applied microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":23319,"name":"Ovarian Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovarian_Cancer?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":42129,"name":"Estrogen Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrogen_Receptor?f_ri=215624"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=215624"},{"id":188229,"name":"Soybean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soybean?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"},{"id":239046,"name":"Sesquiterpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sesquiterpenes?f_ri=215624"},{"id":269171,"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Microbiology_and_Biotechnology?f_ri=215624"},{"id":354934,"name":"Soybeans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soybeans?f_ri=215624"},{"id":555323,"name":"Drug Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Therapy?f_ri=215624"},{"id":783432,"name":"Biological activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_activity?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1186559,"name":"Pterocarpans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pterocarpans?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1969298,"name":"Rhizoctonia solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizoctonia_solani?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38395457" data-work_id="38395457" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38395457/Molecular_Identification_and_Disease_Management_of_Date_Palm_Sudden_Decline_Syndrome_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates">Molecular Identification and Disease Management of Date Palm Sudden Decline Syndrome in the United Arab Emirates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Date palm orchards suffer from serious diseases, including sudden decline syndrome (SDS). External symptoms were characterized by whitening on one side of the rachis, progressing from the base to the apex of the leaf until the whole leaf... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38395457" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Date palm orchards suffer from serious diseases, including sudden decline syndrome (SDS). External symptoms were characterized by whitening on one side of the rachis, progressing from the base to the apex of the leaf until the whole leaf dies; while the internal disease symptoms included reddish roots and highly colored vascular bundles causing wilting and death of the tree. Although three Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani) were isolated from diseased<br />root samples, the fungal pathogen F. solani was associated with SDS on date palm in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Fusarium spp. were identified based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. The internal transcribed spacer regions and large subunit of the ribosomal RNA (ITS/LSU rRNA) gene complex of the pathogens was further sequenced. Pathogenicity assays and disease severity indices confirm the main causal agent of SDS on date palm in the UAE is F. solani. Application of Cidely® Top (difenoconazole and cyflufenamid) significantly inhibited the fungal mycelial growth in vitro and reduced SDS development on date palm seedlings pre-inoculated with F. solani under greenhouse conditions. This is the first report confirming that the chemical fungicide Cidely® Top is strongly effective against SDS on date palm.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38395457" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce59c377b51dacfb5df0165f8e4b63c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58452358,"asset_id":38395457,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58452358/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5866513" href="https://dubaimonsters.academia.edu/SynanAbuQamar">Synan AbuQamar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5866513" type="text/json">{"id":5866513,"first_name":"Synan","last_name":"AbuQamar","domain_name":"dubaimonsters","page_name":"SynanAbuQamar","display_name":"Synan AbuQamar","profile_url":"https://dubaimonsters.academia.edu/SynanAbuQamar?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5866513/2511261/2915655/s65_synan.abuqamar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38395457 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38395457"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38395457, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38395457", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38395457]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38395457").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38395457").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38395457"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110366" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uae">Uae</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="110366" type="text/json">{"id":110366,"name":"Uae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uae?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143498" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Date_Palm">Date Palm</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143498" type="text/json">{"id":143498,"name":"Date Palm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Date_Palm?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906958" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Management">Disease Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="906958" type="text/json">{"id":906958,"name":"Disease Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Management?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38395457]'), work: {"id":38395457,"title":"Molecular Identification and Disease Management of Date Palm Sudden Decline Syndrome in the United Arab Emirates","created_at":"2019-02-20T04:04:52.661-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38395457/Molecular_Identification_and_Disease_Management_of_Date_Palm_Sudden_Decline_Syndrome_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_38395457","summary":"Date palm orchards suffer from serious diseases, including sudden decline syndrome (SDS). External symptoms were characterized by whitening on one side of the rachis, progressing from the base to the apex of the leaf until the whole leaf dies; while the internal disease symptoms included reddish roots and highly colored vascular bundles causing wilting and death of the tree. Although three Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani) were isolated from diseased\nroot samples, the fungal pathogen F. solani was associated with SDS on date palm in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Fusarium spp. were identified based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. The internal transcribed spacer regions and large subunit of the ribosomal RNA (ITS/LSU rRNA) gene complex of the pathogens was further sequenced. Pathogenicity assays and disease severity indices confirm the main causal agent of SDS on date palm in the UAE is F. solani. Application of Cidely® Top (difenoconazole and cyflufenamid) significantly inhibited the fungal mycelial growth in vitro and reduced SDS development on date palm seedlings pre-inoculated with F. solani under greenhouse conditions. This is the first report confirming that the chemical fungicide Cidely® Top is strongly effective against SDS on date palm.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58452358,"asset_id":38395457,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5866513,"first_name":"Synan","last_name":"AbuQamar","domain_name":"dubaimonsters","page_name":"SynanAbuQamar","display_name":"Synan AbuQamar","profile_url":"https://dubaimonsters.academia.edu/SynanAbuQamar?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5866513/2511261/2915655/s65_synan.abuqamar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":110366,"name":"Uae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uae?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":143498,"name":"Date Palm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Date_Palm?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":906958,"name":"Disease Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Management?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":3140978,"name":"pathogenecity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/pathogenecity?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8565925 coauthored" data-work_id="8565925" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8565925/Chemical_composition_and_antifungal_activity_of_the_essential_oils_of_Lippia_rehmannii_from_South_Africa">Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Lippia rehmannii from South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8565925" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88d351960a4728a4f8407b89969ee627" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38375609,"asset_id":8565925,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38375609/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17659420" href="https://tut.academia.edu/ThierryRegnier">Thierry Regnier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17659420" type="text/json">{"id":17659420,"first_name":"Thierry","last_name":"Regnier","domain_name":"tut","page_name":"ThierryRegnier","display_name":"Thierry Regnier","profile_url":"https://tut.academia.edu/ThierryRegnier?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17659420/4927033/5662293/s65_thierry.regnier.jpg_oh_8e9cb882184de779bdb7ae645f625dc6_oe_54bab458___gda___1421415020_6e217d2edd3486830177d2b1cf7d577c"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-8565925">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-8565925"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SVirijevic">S. 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Ethyl acetate extract (1 mg/ml) of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6653250" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Efficacy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone or in combination with Paecilomyces lilacinus was evaluated in the control of root-knot nematode and root-infecting fungi under laboratory and field conditions. Ethyl acetate extract (1 mg/ml) of P. lilacinus and P. aeruginosa,respectively, caused 100 and 64% mortality of Meloidogyne javanica larvae after 24 h. Ethyl acetate fractions of biocontrol agents were more effective than hexane extracts in the suppression of M. javanica larvae, indicating that active nematicidal compounds are intermediary in polarity. In field experiments, biocontrol fungus and bacterium significantly suppressed soilborne root-infecting fungi including Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne javanica, the root-knot nematode. P. lilacinus parasitized eggs and female of M. javanica and this parasitism was not significantly influenced in the presence of P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa was reisolated from the inner root tissues of tomato, whereas P. lilacinusdid not colonize tomato roots.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6653250" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a9b4c2b5b454e612195fa5925b01080" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48765928,"asset_id":6653250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48765928/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10797928" href="https://karachi.academia.edu/SyedEhteshamulHaque">Syed Ehteshamul-Haque</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10797928" type="text/json">{"id":10797928,"first_name":"Syed","last_name":"Ehteshamul-Haque","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"SyedEhteshamulHaque","display_name":"Syed Ehteshamul-Haque","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/SyedEhteshamulHaque?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10797928/8277901/9259172/s65_syed.ehteshamul-haque.jpg_oh_7d0c8030f5366213c2d282fb577784f3_oe_55a69942___gda___1437764167_48b3c3e4072879d6a2d6d79cbe5a8345"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-6653250">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-6653250"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://karachi.academia.edu/ShamimQureshi">Shamim A. 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Ethyl acetate extract (1 mg/ml) of P. lilacinus and P. aeruginosa,respectively, caused 100 and 64% mortality of Meloidogyne javanica larvae after 24 h. Ethyl acetate fractions of biocontrol agents were more effective than hexane extracts in the suppression of M. javanica larvae, indicating that active nematicidal compounds are intermediary in polarity. In field experiments, biocontrol fungus and bacterium significantly suppressed soilborne root-infecting fungi including Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne javanica, the root-knot nematode. P. lilacinus parasitized eggs and female of M. javanica and this parasitism was not significantly influenced in the presence of P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa was reisolated from the inner root tissues of tomato, whereas P. lilacinusdid not colonize tomato roots.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48765928,"asset_id":6653250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10797928,"first_name":"Syed","last_name":"Ehteshamul-Haque","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"SyedEhteshamulHaque","display_name":"Syed Ehteshamul-Haque","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/SyedEhteshamulHaque?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10797928/8277901/9259172/s65_syed.ehteshamul-haque.jpg_oh_7d0c8030f5366213c2d282fb577784f3_oe_55a69942___gda___1437764167_48b3c3e4072879d6a2d6d79cbe5a8345"},{"id":2108019,"first_name":"Shamim A.","last_name":"Qureshi","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"ShamimQureshi","display_name":"Shamim A. Qureshi","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/ShamimQureshi?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2108019/685865/23268556/s65_shamim_a..qureshi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":148391,"name":"Field Experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Experiment?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215623,"name":"Fusarium oxysporum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_oxysporum?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"},{"id":225499,"name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa?f_ri=215624"},{"id":348794,"name":"Ethyl Acetate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethyl_Acetate?f_ri=215624"},{"id":478878,"name":"Root-knot nematode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root-knot_nematode?f_ri=215624"},{"id":636395,"name":"Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Aeruginosa-1?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1135309,"name":"Root Rot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_Rot?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1969298,"name":"Rhizoctonia solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizoctonia_solani?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25347600" data-work_id="25347600" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25347600/Inhibition_of_Ergosterol_Biosynthesis_in_Fungal_Plant_Pathogens_by_Bacillus_sp">Inhibition of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Fungal Plant Pathogens by Bacillus sp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Antifungal activity of Bacillus coagulans creates the possibility to use this microorganism in biological control of fungal plant pathogens. Activity of Bacillus coagulans (No 6), isolated from lupine compost, against seven pathogenic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25347600" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Antifungal activity of Bacillus coagulans creates the possibility to use this microorganism in biological control of fungal plant pathogens. Activity of Bacillus coagulans (No 6), isolated from lupine compost, against seven pathogenic species of indicator fungi: Bipolaris sorokiniana, Trichothecium roseum, Rhizoc- tonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusatium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Fusarium culmorum were examined in this work. Ergosterol assessment and counting colony forming units (CFU) carried out determi- nation of fungal growth. The addition of Bacillus coagulans to culture of fungi resulted in inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis in mycelium. The strongest inhibition in all tested fungal plant pathogens was ob- served when Bacillus coagulans was co-inoculated at the beginning of culture. The decrease of ergosterol level did not always correlate with the decrease of CFU.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25347600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="055466bb2b2a71d45993747419aa2b69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45646799,"asset_id":25347600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45646799/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48755939" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraStachowiak">Barbara Stachowiak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48755939" type="text/json">{"id":48755939,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Stachowiak","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarbaraStachowiak","display_name":"Barbara Stachowiak","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraStachowiak?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25347600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25347600"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25347600, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25347600", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25347600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25347600; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25347600"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25347600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25347600"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25347600; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25347600]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25347600").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25347600").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25347600"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215543" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity">Antifungal Activity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215543" type="text/json">{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="607003" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathogen">Plant Pathogen</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="607003" type="text/json">{"id":607003,"name":"Plant Pathogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathogen?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031781" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_Sp">Bacillus Sp</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031781" type="text/json">{"id":1031781,"name":"Bacillus Sp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_Sp?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25347600]'), work: {"id":25347600,"title":"Inhibition of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Fungal Plant Pathogens by Bacillus sp","created_at":"2016-05-15T11:13:31.219-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25347600/Inhibition_of_Ergosterol_Biosynthesis_in_Fungal_Plant_Pathogens_by_Bacillus_sp?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_25347600","summary":"Antifungal activity of Bacillus coagulans creates the possibility to use this microorganism in biological control of fungal plant pathogens. Activity of Bacillus coagulans (No 6), isolated from lupine compost, against seven pathogenic species of indicator fungi: Bipolaris sorokiniana, Trichothecium roseum, Rhizoc- tonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusatium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Fusarium culmorum were examined in this work. Ergosterol assessment and counting colony forming units (CFU) carried out determi- nation of fungal growth. The addition of Bacillus coagulans to culture of fungi resulted in inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis in mycelium. The strongest inhibition in all tested fungal plant pathogens was ob- served when Bacillus coagulans was co-inoculated at the beginning of culture. The decrease of ergosterol level did not always correlate with the decrease of CFU.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45646799,"asset_id":25347600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48755939,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Stachowiak","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarbaraStachowiak","display_name":"Barbara Stachowiak","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraStachowiak?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":607003,"name":"Plant Pathogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathogen?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":1031781,"name":"Bacillus Sp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_Sp?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":1674668,"name":"Sclerotinia sclerotiorum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sclerotinia_sclerotiorum?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18681209" data-work_id="18681209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18681209/Fusarium_solani_f_sp_cucurbitae_andF_oxysporum_f_sp_niveum_inoculum_densities_in_tunisian_soils_and_their_effect_on_watermelon_seedlings">Fusarium solani f.sp.cucurbitae andF. oxysporum f.sp.niveum inoculum densities in tunisian soils and their effect on watermelon seedlings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18681209" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="464bae97a1ca66eb78d4a15a4f5bad00" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40197567,"asset_id":18681209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40197567/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38752110" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NBoughalleb">N. Boughalleb</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38752110" type="text/json">{"id":38752110,"first_name":"N.","last_name":"Boughalleb","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NBoughalleb","display_name":"N. Boughalleb","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NBoughalleb?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18681209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18681209"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18681209, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18681209", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18681209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18681209; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18681209"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18681209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18681209"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18681209; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18681209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18681209").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18681209").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18681209"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="205697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Watermelon">Watermelon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="205697" type="text/json">{"id":205697,"name":"Watermelon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Watermelon?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="612070" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_wilt">Fusarium wilt</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="612070" type="text/json">{"id":612070,"name":"Fusarium wilt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_wilt?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18681209]'), work: {"id":18681209,"title":"Fusarium solani f.sp.cucurbitae andF. oxysporum f.sp.niveum inoculum densities in tunisian soils and their effect on watermelon seedlings","created_at":"2015-11-20T00:08:12.874-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18681209/Fusarium_solani_f_sp_cucurbitae_andF_oxysporum_f_sp_niveum_inoculum_densities_in_tunisian_soils_and_their_effect_on_watermelon_seedlings?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_18681209","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40197567,"asset_id":18681209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38752110,"first_name":"N.","last_name":"Boughalleb","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NBoughalleb","display_name":"N. Boughalleb","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NBoughalleb?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":205697,"name":"Watermelon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Watermelon?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":612070,"name":"Fusarium wilt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_wilt?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6060338 coauthored" data-work_id="6060338" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6060338/Potencial_antag%C3%B4nico_de_Trichoderma_spp_origin%C3%A1rios_de_diferentes_agroecossistemas_contra_Sclerotinia_sclerotiorum_e_Fusarium_solani">Potencial antagônico de Trichoderma spp. originários de diferentes agroecossistemas contra Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Fusarium solani</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From 40 soil samples collected in the Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia, Goiás and Tocantins states, Brazil, a collection of 230 monosporic isolates of Trichoderma spp. was established using TSM selective media. In order... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6060338" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From 40 soil samples collected in the Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia, Goiás and Tocantins states, Brazil, a collection of 230 monosporic isolates of Trichoderma spp. was established using TSM selective media. In order to select efficient isolates for biological control, dual culture tests were carried out on PDA media at 20 ºC for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and at 25 ºC for Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli. From the whole collection, 50 isolates presented antagonism against F. solani and 111 isolates to S. sclerotiorum. The antagonism against both pathogens was found in only 10% of the isolates. Scanning electron microscopy assessments with seven in vitro selected isolates showed that not all promoted hyperparasitism on the pathogens, suggesting the existence of other mechanisms of antagonism, as antibiosis or competition.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6060338" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f6b566508c660c137950483fc19223a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32986315,"asset_id":6060338,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32986315/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9112956" href="https://brasilia.academia.edu/LeonardoBrauna">Leonardo Brauna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9112956" type="text/json">{"id":9112956,"first_name":"Leonardo","last_name":"Brauna","domain_name":"brasilia","page_name":"LeonardoBrauna","display_name":"Leonardo Brauna","profile_url":"https://brasilia.academia.edu/LeonardoBrauna?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9112956/2951591/3457659/s65_leonardo.brauna.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-6060338">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-6060338"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://embrapa.academia.edu/MurilloJunior">Murillo L Junior</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-6060338'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-6060338').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6060338 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6060338"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6060338; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6060338]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6060338").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6060338").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6060338"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="834420" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biota">Biota</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="834420" type="text/json">{"id":834420,"name":"Biota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biota?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1674668" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sclerotinia_sclerotiorum">Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1674668" type="text/json">{"id":1674668,"name":"Sclerotinia sclerotiorum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sclerotinia_sclerotiorum?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6060338]'), work: {"id":6060338,"title":"Potencial antagônico de Trichoderma spp. originários de diferentes agroecossistemas contra Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Fusarium solani","created_at":"2014-02-13T02:57:21.201-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6060338/Potencial_antag%C3%B4nico_de_Trichoderma_spp_origin%C3%A1rios_de_diferentes_agroecossistemas_contra_Sclerotinia_sclerotiorum_e_Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_6060338","summary":"From 40 soil samples collected in the Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia, Goiás and Tocantins states, Brazil, a collection of 230 monosporic isolates of Trichoderma spp. was established using TSM selective media. In order to select efficient isolates for biological control, dual culture tests were carried out on PDA media at 20 ºC for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and at 25 ºC for Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli. From the whole collection, 50 isolates presented antagonism against F. solani and 111 isolates to S. sclerotiorum. The antagonism against both pathogens was found in only 10% of the isolates. Scanning electron microscopy assessments with seven in vitro selected isolates showed that not all promoted hyperparasitism on the pathogens, suggesting the existence of other mechanisms of antagonism, as antibiosis or competition.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32986315,"asset_id":6060338,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9112956,"first_name":"Leonardo","last_name":"Brauna","domain_name":"brasilia","page_name":"LeonardoBrauna","display_name":"Leonardo Brauna","profile_url":"https://brasilia.academia.edu/LeonardoBrauna?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9112956/2951591/3457659/s65_leonardo.brauna.jpg"},{"id":7035237,"first_name":"Murillo","last_name":"Junior","domain_name":"embrapa","page_name":"MurilloJunior","display_name":"Murillo L Junior","profile_url":"https://embrapa.academia.edu/MurilloJunior?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7035237/109215613/98453410/s65_murillo.junior.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":834420,"name":"Biota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biota?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":1674668,"name":"Sclerotinia sclerotiorum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sclerotinia_sclerotiorum?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7924218" data-work_id="7924218" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7924218/Metabolism_and_enzymology_of_cyanide_metallocyanide_biodegradation_by_Fusarium_solani_under_neutral_and_acidic_conditions">Metabolism and enzymology of cyanide/metallocyanide biodegradation by Fusarium solani under neutral and acidic conditions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7924218" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="444f78984a1288570da3d54feba70066" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":3770,"name":"Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33760" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Biotechnology">Environmental Biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33760" type="text/json">{"id":33760,"name":"Environmental Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Biotechnology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49088" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49088" type="text/json">{"id":49088,"name":"Biodegradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradation?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7924218]'), work: {"id":7924218,"title":"Metabolism and enzymology of cyanide/metallocyanide biodegradation by Fusarium solani under neutral and acidic conditions","created_at":"2014-08-08T23:22:20.292-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7924218/Metabolism_and_enzymology_of_cyanide_metallocyanide_biodegradation_by_Fusarium_solani_under_neutral_and_acidic_conditions?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_7924218","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48287491,"asset_id":7924218,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14878866,"first_name":"michelle","last_name":"vanessa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"michellevanessa1","display_name":"michelle 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solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=215624"},{"id":396848,"name":"Formic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formic_Acid?f_ri=215624"},{"id":585595,"name":"Molecular Mass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Mass?f_ri=215624"},{"id":624980,"name":"Plant Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathology?f_ri=215624"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=215624"},{"id":800360,"name":"Microbial enzyme Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_enzyme_Technology?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1030794,"name":"Hydrolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrolysis?f_ri=215624"},{"id":2240160,"name":"Amidase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amidase?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12455705" data-work_id="12455705" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12455705/Mixtures_of_plant_disease_suppressive_bacteria_enhance_biological_control_of_multiple_tomato_pathogens">Mixtures of plant disease suppressive bacteria enhance biological control of multiple tomato pathogens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains CHA0 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), IE-6 S+ (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 569Smr (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) were tested singly and in combinations for biological control against multiple... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12455705" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains CHA0 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), IE-6 S+ (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 569Smr (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) were tested singly and in combinations for biological control against multiple tomato pathogens (root-infecting fungi and root-knot nematodes). Strains CHA0 and IE-6S+ inhibited in vitro growth of 569Smr while IE-6S+ suppressed CHA0. The bacterial species not only inhibited the radial growth of three root-infecting</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12455705" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98cf429a3f06f3ff201d412ad8f04020" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46171111,"asset_id":12455705,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46171111/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31279712" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShahidShaukat1">Shahid Shaukat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31279712" type="text/json">{"id":31279712,"first_name":"Shahid","last_name":"Shaukat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShahidShaukat1","display_name":"Shahid Shaukat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShahidShaukat1?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12455705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12455705"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12455705, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12455705", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12455705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12455705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12455705"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12455705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12455705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12455705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12455705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12455705").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12455705").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12455705"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23515" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control">Biological Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23515" type="text/json">{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="152644" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Fluorescens">Pseudomonas Fluorescens</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="152644" type="text/json">{"id":152644,"name":"Pseudomonas Fluorescens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Fluorescens?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12455705]'), work: {"id":12455705,"title":"Mixtures of plant disease suppressive bacteria enhance biological control of multiple tomato pathogens","created_at":"2015-05-18T22:17:54.204-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12455705/Mixtures_of_plant_disease_suppressive_bacteria_enhance_biological_control_of_multiple_tomato_pathogens?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_12455705","summary":"Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains CHA0 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), IE-6 S+ (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 569Smr (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) were tested singly and in combinations for biological control against multiple tomato pathogens (root-infecting fungi and root-knot nematodes). Strains CHA0 and IE-6S+ inhibited in vitro growth of 569Smr while IE-6S+ suppressed CHA0. The bacterial species not only inhibited the radial growth of three root-infecting","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46171111,"asset_id":12455705,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31279712,"first_name":"Shahid","last_name":"Shaukat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShahidShaukat1","display_name":"Shahid Shaukat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShahidShaukat1?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":152644,"name":"Pseudomonas Fluorescens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Fluorescens?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=215624"},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"},{"id":225499,"name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa?f_ri=215624"},{"id":280709,"name":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Growth_Promoting_Rhizobacteria?f_ri=215624"},{"id":478878,"name":"Root-knot nematode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root-knot_nematode?f_ri=215624"},{"id":560410,"name":"Plant Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Disease?f_ri=215624"},{"id":636395,"name":"Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Aeruginosa-1?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1745620,"name":"Radial Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radial_Growth?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1969298,"name":"Rhizoctonia solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizoctonia_solani?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22836796" data-work_id="22836796" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22836796/Assessment_of_Antifungal_Activity_of_Some_Himalayan_Foliose_Lichens_against_Plant_Pathogenic_Fungi">Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Some Himalayan Foliose Lichens against Plant Pathogenic Fungi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22836796" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ade811158943583cd0d3328b6e28dd97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43381744,"asset_id":22836796,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43381744/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22836796"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22836796; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22836796]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22836796").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22836796").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22836796"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soxhlet_extractor">Soxhlet extractor</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215545" type="text/json">{"id":215545,"name":"Soxhlet extractor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soxhlet_extractor?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotary_Evaporator">Rotary Evaporator</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215548" type="text/json">{"id":215548,"name":"Rotary Evaporator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotary_Evaporator?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_flavus">Aspergillus flavus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="215620" type="text/json">{"id":215620,"name":"Aspergillus flavus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_flavus?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22836796]'), work: {"id":22836796,"title":"Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Some Himalayan Foliose Lichens against Plant Pathogenic Fungi","created_at":"2016-03-05T01:23:31.645-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22836796/Assessment_of_Antifungal_Activity_of_Some_Himalayan_Foliose_Lichens_against_Plant_Pathogenic_Fungi?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_22836796","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43381744,"asset_id":22836796,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44491093,"first_name":"Suman","last_name":"Trivedi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TrivediSuman","display_name":"Suman Trivedi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TrivediSuman?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215545,"name":"Soxhlet extractor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soxhlet_extractor?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215548,"name":"Rotary Evaporator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotary_Evaporator?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215620,"name":"Aspergillus flavus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_flavus?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215622,"name":"Alternaria alternata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternaria_alternata?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215623,"name":"Fusarium oxysporum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_oxysporum?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215629,"name":"Penicillium citrinum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Penicillium_citrinum?f_ri=215624"},{"id":215633,"name":"Aspergillus fumigatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_fumigatus-1?f_ri=215624"},{"id":304384,"name":"Himalayan Lichens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Himalayan_Lichens?f_ri=215624"},{"id":347366,"name":"Acetone Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetone_Extract?f_ri=215624"},{"id":347367,"name":"Antifungal Activity of Lichen extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity_of_Lichen_extracts?f_ri=215624"},{"id":347374,"name":"Lichen secondary metabolites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lichen_secondary_metabolites?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11984641" data-work_id="11984641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11984641/Enzymatic_surface_hydrolysis_of_poly_ethylene_terephthalate_and_bis_benzoyloxyethyl_terephthalate_by_lipase_and_cutinase_in_the_presence_of_surface_active_">Enzymatic surface hydrolysis of poly (ethylene terephthalate) and bis (benzoyloxyethyl) terephthalate by lipase and cutinase in the presence of surface active …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11984641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c85cb211b2f76ef2c172f7e346e13312" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46411896,"asset_id":11984641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5398" type="text/json">{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11984641]'), work: {"id":11984641,"title":"Enzymatic surface hydrolysis of poly (ethylene terephthalate) and bis (benzoyloxyethyl) terephthalate by lipase and cutinase in the presence of surface active 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The present study was conducted for the evaluation of transgenic potato plants harboring rice chitinase (RCG3) gene for resistance to two important fungal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35134867" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chitinase gene expression enhances resistance against the fungal pathogens. The present study was conducted for the evaluation of transgenic potato plants harboring rice chitinase (RCG3) gene for resistance to two important fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. These pathogens cause black scurf and Fusarium wilt in potato respectively which results in more than 50 % loss of yield. Transgenic-plants, harboring rice chitinase (RCG3) gene, were multiplied by tissue culture. Pathogen isolated and multiplied before evolution against the fungal pathogens. All the transgenic plants harboring chitinase gene were highly resistant to fungal pathogen F. solani and R. solani compared to non-transgenic plants. The disease susceptibility was also observed more in non-transformed plants compared to transformed potato plants. It was concluded that rice chitinase gene expression in potato confers enhanced resistance against two major fungal diseases of potato in Pakistan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35134867" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7c57ea9fd4696460b639d5449545bbb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55771013,"asset_id":35134867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55771013/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1731117" href="https://shzu.academia.edu/MuhammadQasim">Muhammad Qasim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1731117" type="text/json">{"id":1731117,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Qasim","domain_name":"shzu","page_name":"MuhammadQasim","display_name":"Muhammad Qasim","profile_url":"https://shzu.academia.edu/MuhammadQasim?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1731117/596005/740558/s65_muhammad.gill.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35134867 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35134867"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35134867, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35134867", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35134867]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35134867").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35134867").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35134867"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance">Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96098" type="text/json">{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2821031" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizictonia_solani">Rhizictonia solani</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2821031" type="text/json">{"id":2821031,"name":"Rhizictonia solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizictonia_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35134867]'), work: {"id":35134867,"title":"Rice Chitinase Gene Expression in Genetically Engineered Potato Confers Resistance against Fusarium solani and Rhizictonia solani","created_at":"2017-11-13T08:24:30.086-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35134867/Rice_Chitinase_Gene_Expression_in_Genetically_Engineered_Potato_Confers_Resistance_against_Fusarium_solani_and_Rhizictonia_solani?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_35134867","summary":"Chitinase gene expression enhances resistance against the fungal pathogens. The present study was conducted for the evaluation of transgenic potato plants harboring rice chitinase (RCG3) gene for resistance to two important fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. These pathogens cause black scurf and Fusarium wilt in potato respectively which results in more than 50 % loss of yield. Transgenic-plants, harboring rice chitinase (RCG3) gene, were multiplied by tissue culture. Pathogen isolated and multiplied before evolution against the fungal pathogens. All the transgenic plants harboring chitinase gene were highly resistant to fungal pathogen F. solani and R. solani compared to non-transgenic plants. The disease susceptibility was also observed more in non-transformed plants compared to transformed potato plants. It was concluded that rice chitinase gene expression in potato confers enhanced resistance against two major fungal diseases of potato in Pakistan.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55771013,"asset_id":35134867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1731117,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Qasim","domain_name":"shzu","page_name":"MuhammadQasim","display_name":"Muhammad Qasim","profile_url":"https://shzu.academia.edu/MuhammadQasim?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1731117/596005/740558/s65_muhammad.gill.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":2821031,"name":"Rhizictonia solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizictonia_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31707424" data-work_id="31707424" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31707424/Zinc_nutrition_effect_on_the_tolerance_of_wheat_genotypes_to_Fusarium_root_rot_disease_in_a_solution_culture_experiment">Zinc nutrition effect on the tolerance of wheat genotypes to Fusarium root-rot disease in a solution culture experiment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Severity">Disease Severity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137946" type="text/json">{"id":137946,"name":"Disease Severity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Severity?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158165" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc">Zinc</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158165" type="text/json">{"id":158165,"name":"Zinc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" 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Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_and_Soil_Science?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1135309,"name":"Root Rot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_Rot?f_ri=215624"},{"id":1532566,"name":"Triticum aestivum L.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Triticum_aestivum_L?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5358175" data-work_id="5358175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5358175/Antifungal_Activity_of_Mucuna_pruriens_Seed_Extractives_and_L_dopa">Antifungal Activity of Mucuna pruriens Seed Extractives and L-dopa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The seeds of Mucuna pruriens (L.) D.C. (Leguminosae) were extracted first with hexane, then with ethyl acetate, and finally with methanol. The solvents were removed to get the respective extractives. These were assessed for the mycelial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5358175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The seeds of Mucuna pruriens (L.) D.C. (Leguminosae) were extracted first with hexane, then with ethyl acetate, and finally with methanol. The solvents were removed to get the respective extractives. These were assessed for the mycelial growth inhibition of three phytopathogenic fungi—Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and Fusarium solani—by the poisoned-food technique. Methanol extractive showed highest activity against all the three test organisms. L-dopa [3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine], which was qualitatively detected in the ethyl acetate and methanol extractives and quantitatively assessed in the seeds, showed antifungal activity against all the three test organisms, showing that it is one of the active principles in these extractives.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5358175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="733bf2b6f91d4f5c8d1cafaa0f1cb1cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49328219,"asset_id":5358175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49328219/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7441895" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EugeneNidiry">Eugene Nidiry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7441895" type="text/json">{"id":7441895,"first_name":"Eugene","last_name":"Nidiry","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EugeneNidiry","display_name":"Eugene Nidiry","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EugeneNidiry?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5358175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5358175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5358175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5358175", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5358175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5358175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5358175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5358175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215543" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity">Antifungal Activity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215543" type="text/json">{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="348794" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethyl_Acetate">Ethyl Acetate</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="348794" type="text/json">{"id":348794,"name":"Ethyl Acetate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethyl_Acetate?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647700" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colletotrichum_gloeosporioides">Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="647700" type="text/json">{"id":647700,"name":"Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colletotrichum_gloeosporioides?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5358175]'), work: {"id":5358175,"title":"Antifungal Activity of Mucuna pruriens Seed Extractives and L-dopa","created_at":"2013-12-08T16:37:05.558-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5358175/Antifungal_Activity_of_Mucuna_pruriens_Seed_Extractives_and_L_dopa?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_5358175","summary":"The seeds of Mucuna pruriens (L.) D.C. (Leguminosae) were extracted first with hexane, then with ethyl acetate, and finally with methanol. The solvents were removed to get the respective extractives. These were assessed for the mycelial growth inhibition of three phytopathogenic fungi—Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and Fusarium solani—by the poisoned-food technique. Methanol extractive showed highest activity against all the three test organisms. L-dopa [3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine], which was qualitatively detected in the ethyl acetate and methanol extractives and quantitatively assessed in the seeds, showed antifungal activity against all the three test organisms, showing that it is one of the active principles in these extractives.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49328219,"asset_id":5358175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7441895,"first_name":"Eugene","last_name":"Nidiry","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EugeneNidiry","display_name":"Eugene Nidiry","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EugeneNidiry?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":348794,"name":"Ethyl Acetate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethyl_Acetate?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":647700,"name":"Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colletotrichum_gloeosporioides?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":769359,"name":"Growth Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Inhibition?f_ri=215624"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9654868" data-work_id="9654868" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9654868/Optimization_of_Media_for_Enhanced_Glucoamylase_Production_in_Solid_State_Fermentation_by_Fusarium_solani">Optimization of Media for Enhanced Glucoamylase Production in Solid-State Fermentation by Fusarium solani</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9654868" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa8b94d341518a091e0a0dadbf7cc1d5" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_State_Fermentation">Solid State Fermentation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63128" type="text/json">{"id":63128,"name":"Solid State Fermentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_State_Fermentation?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maize">Maize</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84384" type="text/json">{"id":84384,"name":"Maize","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maize?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="151091" type="text/json">{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new 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href="https://www.academia.edu/11984657/Enzymatic_hydrolysis_of_PTT_polymers_and_oligomers">Enzymatic hydrolysis of PTT polymers and oligomers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11984657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae1424638128d2991fb154dc8911f0ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46411849,"asset_id":11984657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54433" type="text/json">{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55175" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peroxidase">Peroxidase</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55175" type="text/json">{"id":55175,"name":"Peroxidase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peroxidase?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium">Fusarium</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73618" type="text/json">{"id":73618,"name":"Fusarium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/13279793/Quantification_of_Fusarium_solani_f_sp_phaseoli_in_Mycorrhizal_Bean_Plants_and_Surrounding_Mycorrhizosphere_Soil_Using_Real_Time_Polymerase_Chain_Reaction_and_Direct_Isolations_on_Selective_Media">Quantification of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in Mycorrhizal Bean Plants and Surrounding Mycorrhizosphere Soil Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Direct Isolations on Selective Media</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The capacity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in reducing the presence of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in bean plants and the surrounding mycorrhizosphere soil was evaluated in a compartmentalized experimental... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13279793" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The capacity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in reducing the presence of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in bean plants and the surrounding mycorrhizosphere soil was evaluated in a compartmentalized experimental system. Quantification of the pathogen and the symbiont in plant tissues, the soil regions of the mycorrhizosphere (rhizosphere and mycosphere), and the bulk soil was accomplished using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers in real-time PCR assays, culture-dependant methods, and microscopic determination techniques. Nonmycorrhizal bean plants infected with the pathogen had distinctive Fusarium root rot symptoms, while infected plants previously colonized by G. intraradices remained healthy. The amount of F. solani f. sp. phaseoli genomic DNA was significantly reduced in mycorrhizal bean plants and in each mycorrhizosphere soil compartment. The presence of G. intraradices in the mycorrhizosphere was not significantly modified, although the ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13279793" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f9fce0b42aa147dee7db68b97e9e45b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45519541,"asset_id":13279793,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45519541/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32531763" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/MarcStArnaud">Marc St-Arnaud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32531763" type="text/json">{"id":32531763,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"St-Arnaud","domain_name":"umontreal","page_name":"MarcStArnaud","display_name":"Marc St-Arnaud","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/MarcStArnaud?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13279793 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13279793"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13279793, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13279793", }); 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Quantification of the pathogen and the symbiont in plant tissues, the soil regions of the mycorrhizosphere (rhizosphere and mycosphere), and the bulk soil was accomplished using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers in real-time PCR assays, culture-dependant methods, and microscopic determination techniques. Nonmycorrhizal bean plants infected with the pathogen had distinctive Fusarium root rot symptoms, while infected plants previously colonized by G. intraradices remained healthy. The amount of F. solani f. sp. phaseoli genomic DNA was significantly reduced in mycorrhizal bean plants and in each mycorrhizosphere soil compartment. The presence of G. intraradices in the mycorrhizosphere was not significantly modified, although the ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45519541,"asset_id":13279793,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32531763,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"St-Arnaud","domain_name":"umontreal","page_name":"MarcStArnaud","display_name":"Marc St-Arnaud","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/MarcStArnaud?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":2512,"name":"Phytopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytopathology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24506966" data-work_id="24506966" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24506966/Electrophoretic_karyotyping_and_gene_mapping_of_seven_formae_speciales_in_Fusarium_solani">Electrophoretic karyotyping and gene mapping of seven formae speciales in Fusarium solani</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24506966" 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type="text/json">{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66973" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases">Plant diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66973" type="text/json">{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium">Fusarium</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73618" type="text/json">{"id":73618,"name":"Fusarium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59279687]'), work: {"id":59279687,"title":"Antifungal efficacy of chitosan and its thiourea derivatives 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type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66973" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases">Plant diseases</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66973" type="text/json">{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53021724]'), work: {"id":53021724,"title":"Detoxification of α-tomatine by 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}) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47423738" data-work_id="47423738" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47423738/Intertrigo_interorteil_%C3%A0_Fusarium_solani">Intertrigo interorteil à Fusarium solani</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47423738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e32a3bafa23c65cf90a677d18b6115f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66523172,"asset_id":47423738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66523172/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="143123648" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SONIAANANE">SONIA ANANE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="143123648" type="text/json">{"id":143123648,"first_name":"SONIA","last_name":"ANANE","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SONIAANANE","display_name":"SONIA ANANE","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SONIAANANE?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47423738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47423738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47423738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47423738", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47423738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47423738; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47423738"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47423738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47423738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47423738; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47423738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47423738").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47423738").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47423738"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47423738]'), work: {"id":47423738,"title":"Intertrigo interorteil à Fusarium solani","created_at":"2021-04-22T03:51:57.872-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47423738/Intertrigo_interorteil_%C3%A0_Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_47423738","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66523172,"asset_id":47423738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":143123648,"first_name":"SONIA","last_name":"ANANE","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SONIAANANE","display_name":"SONIA ANANE","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SONIAANANE?f_ri=215624","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3413488" data-work_id="3413488" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3413488/Endophytic_fungal_strains_of_Fusarium_solani_from_Apodytes_dimidiata_E_Mey_ex_Arn_Icacinaceae_produce_camptothecin_10_hydroxycamptothecin_and_9_methoxycamptothecin">Endophytic fungal strains of Fusarium solani, from Apodytes dimidiata E. Mey. ex Arn (Icacinaceae) produce camptothecin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin are two important precursors for the synthesis of the clinically useful anticancer drugs, topotecan and irinotecan. In recent years, efforts have been made to identify novel plant and endophytic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3413488" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin are two important precursors for the synthesis of the clinically useful anticancer drugs, topotecan and irinotecan. In recent years, efforts have been made to identify novel plant and endophytic fungal sources of camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin. In this study we have isolated endophytic fungi strains from Apodytes dimidiata (Icacinaceae), a medium sized tree from the Western Ghats, India. The fungi were identified as Fusarium solani using both ITS rDNA sequencing and spore morphology. Two strains, MTCC 9667 and MTCC 9668 were isolated, both of which produced camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin in their mycelia; one of the strains, MTCC 9668 also produced 10-hydroxycamptothecin, though in small amounts. The yields of camptothecin in MTCC 9667 and MTCC 9668 were 37 and 53 μg/100 g, respectively, after 4 days of incubation in broth culture. The yields of 10-hydroxycamptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin in MTCC 9668 were 8.2 and 44.9 μg/100 g, respectively. Further research in optimizing the culture conditions of these fungal strains might permit their application for the production of camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin.The present study reports for the first time the production of the known compound camptothecin and its derivatives by the plant Apodytes dimidiata. Further, two fungal endophytic strains isolated from the same plant, have also been demonstrated to produce camptothecin and its derivatives, 10-hydroxycamptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin under in vitro conditions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3413488" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68478ddad30d73a8b16757e8dc3da5cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50293620,"asset_id":3413488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50293620/download_file?st=MTczMjc2ODQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3976212" href="https://uasbangalore.academia.edu/ShwetaSingh">Shweta Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3976212" type="text/json">{"id":3976212,"first_name":"Shweta","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"uasbangalore","page_name":"ShwetaSingh","display_name":"Shweta Singh","profile_url":"https://uasbangalore.academia.edu/ShwetaSingh?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3976212/1498227/1824922/s65_shweta.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3413488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3413488"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3413488, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3413488", }); 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Mey. ex Arn (Icacinaceae) produce camptothecin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin","created_at":"2013-04-28T16:04:09.449-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3413488/Endophytic_fungal_strains_of_Fusarium_solani_from_Apodytes_dimidiata_E_Mey_ex_Arn_Icacinaceae_produce_camptothecin_10_hydroxycamptothecin_and_9_methoxycamptothecin?f_ri=215624","dom_id":"work_3413488","summary":"Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin are two important precursors for the synthesis of the clinically useful anticancer drugs, topotecan and irinotecan. In recent years, efforts have been made to identify novel plant and endophytic fungal sources of camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin. In this study we have isolated endophytic fungi strains from Apodytes dimidiata (Icacinaceae), a medium sized tree from the Western Ghats, India. The fungi were identified as Fusarium solani using both ITS rDNA sequencing and spore morphology. Two strains, MTCC 9667 and MTCC 9668 were isolated, both of which produced camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin in their mycelia; one of the strains, MTCC 9668 also produced 10-hydroxycamptothecin, though in small amounts. The yields of camptothecin in MTCC 9667 and MTCC 9668 were 37 and 53 μg/100 g, respectively, after 4 days of incubation in broth culture. The yields of 10-hydroxycamptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin in MTCC 9668 were 8.2 and 44.9 μg/100 g, respectively. Further research in optimizing the culture conditions of these fungal strains might permit their application for the production of camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin.The present study reports for the first time the production of the known compound camptothecin and its derivatives by the plant Apodytes dimidiata. Further, two fungal endophytic strains isolated from the same plant, have also been demonstrated to produce camptothecin and its derivatives, 10-hydroxycamptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin under in vitro conditions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50293620,"asset_id":3413488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3976212,"first_name":"Shweta","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"uasbangalore","page_name":"ShwetaSingh","display_name":"Shweta Singh","profile_url":"https://uasbangalore.academia.edu/ShwetaSingh?f_ri=215624","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3976212/1498227/1824922/s65_shweta.singh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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href="https://www.academia.edu/26282122/Biodegradation_of_metal_cyanides_by_mixed_and_pure_cultures_of_fungi">Biodegradation of metal cyanides by mixed and pure cultures of fungi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26282122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7dbc9a321a21813bfa2db4e12fb85ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46594829,"asset_id":26282122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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data-has-card-for-ri="177876" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization">Sterilization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="177876" type="text/json">{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17733330]'), work: {"id":17733330,"title":"Observations on the nematicidal effect of Fusarium solani on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne 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type="text/json">{"id":143898,"name":"Endophytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endophytes?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani">Fusarium solani</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="215624" type="text/json">{"id":215624,"name":"Fusarium solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium_solani?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="263843" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anticancer">Anticancer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="263843" type="text/json">{"id":263843,"name":"Anticancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anticancer?f_ri=215624","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8473691]'), work: {"id":8473691,"title":"Pharmaceutical 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