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<li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Party foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_rise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_rise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Political rise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_rise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conventions_and_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conventions_and_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Conventions and elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conventions_and_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Anti-Masonic_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Anti-Masonic_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Second Anti-Masonic Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Anti-Masonic_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Members of Congress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_office_holders_and_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_office_holders_and_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable office holders and candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_office_holders_and_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Presidential elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congressional_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressional_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Congressional elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congressional_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources and further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Masonic Party</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B6_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحزب المناهض للماسونية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحزب المناهض للماسونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антимасонска партия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антимасонска партия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protizedn%C3%A1%C5%99sk%C3%A1_strana" title="Protizednářská strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Protizednářská strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anti-Masonic Party" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anti-Masonic Party" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Antimas%C3%B3nico" title="Partido Antimasónico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Antimasónico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontra%C5%AD-framasona_partio" title="Kontraŭ-framasona partio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontraŭ-framasona partio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="حزب ضد ماسونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب ضد ماسونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_anti-ma%C3%A7onnique" title="Parti anti-maçonnique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti anti-maçonnique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A8%EB%8B%B9" title="반메이슨당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반메이슨당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Anti-Massonico" title="Partito Anti-Massonico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Anti-Massonico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המפלגה האנטי-מאסונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפלגה האנטי-מאסונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anti-Masonic Party" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E5%85%9A" title="反メイソン党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="反メイソン党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anti-Masonic Party" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Antymaso%C5%84ska" title="Partia Antymasońska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Antymasońska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Antima%C3%A7%C3%B4nico" title="Partido Antimaçônico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Antimaçônico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_Anti-Masonic" title="Partidul Anti-Masonic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul Anti-Masonic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антимасонская партия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антимасонская партия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anti-Masonic Party" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="اینٹی-میسونک پارٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اینٹی-میسونک پارٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1%E6%B5%8E%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="反共济会党 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反共济会党" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">1820s–1830s American political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FFFF99; border-bottom:2px solid #FFFF99; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Anti-Masonic Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Southwick" title="Solomon Southwick">Solomon Southwick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thurlow_Weed" title="Thurlow Weed">Thurlow Weed</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">First: February 1828<span class="noprint">; 196 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">February 1828</span>)</span><br />Second: 1872<span class="noprint">; 152 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1872</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">First: December 1840<span class="noprint">; 183 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">December 1840</span>)</span><br />Second: 1888<span class="noprint">; 136 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1888</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Anti-Masonic Enquirer</i><br /><i>National Observer</i><br /><i>Albany Journal</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American School</a><br /><span class="nowrap"> Anti-<a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">elitism</a> <small>(<i>de facto</i>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sydney_Nathans_1973,_page_88_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sydney_Nathans_1973,_page_88-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Formisano_2008_126_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formisano_2008_126-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ronald_P._Formisano_1827_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ronald_P._Formisano_1827-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br /> Anti-<a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacksonian Democracy">Jacksonianism</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStahr201224–26_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStahr201224–26-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF99; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buff_(colour)" title="Buff (colour)">Buff</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Freemasonry" title="Category:Freemasonry">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Compas-equerre-ap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/50px-Compas-equerre-ap.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/75px-Compas-equerre-ap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/100px-Compas-equerre-ap.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="863" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Overview</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Masonic lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic lodge officers">Masonic lodge officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Freemasonry)" title="Grand Master (Freemasonry)">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Masonic_jurisdiction" title="Regular Masonic jurisdiction">Regular Masonic jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-American_Freemasonry" title="Anglo-American Freemasonry">Anglo-American Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Freemasonry" title="Continental Freemasonry">Continental Freemasonry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freemasonry" title="History of Freemasonry">History of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9_ch%C3%A9rie" title="Liberté chérie">Liberté chérie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_manuscripts" title="Masonic manuscripts">Masonic manuscripts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Masonic bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Masonic</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_bodies" title="Masonic bodies">Masonic bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mark_Master_Masons" title="Order of Mark Master Masons">Order of Mark Master Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Royal_Arch" title="Holy Royal Arch">Holy Royal Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arch_Masonry" title="Royal Arch Masonry">Royal Arch Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptic_Masonry" title="Cryptic Masonry">Cryptic Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_(Freemasonry)" title="Knights Templar (Freemasonry)">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cross_of_Constantine" title="Red Cross of Constantine">Red Cross of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Kadosh" title="Knight Kadosh">Knight Kadosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana" title="Societas Rosicruciana">Societas Rosicruciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Royal_and_Select_Masters" title="Order of Royal and Select Masters">Order of Royal and Select Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_College_of_Rites" title="Grand College of Rites">Grand College of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Rite" title="Swedish Rite">Swedish Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Thomas_of_Acon" title="Order of Saint Thomas of Acon">Order of Saint Thomas of Acon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Scotland" title="Royal Order of Scotland">Royal Order of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Knight_Masons" title="Order of Knight Masons">Order of Knight Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Lodge">Research Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Antient_Order_of_Noble_Corks" title="Ye Antient Order of Noble Corks">Corks</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Side degrees</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners">The Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Jesters" title="Royal Order of Jesters">Royal Order of Jesters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_Cedars_of_Lebanon" title="Tall Cedars of Lebanon">Tall Cedars of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Order_of_Veiled_Prophets_of_the_Enchanted_Realm" title="Mystic Order of Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm">The Grotto</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Masonic groups for women</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_Freemasonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Women and Freemasonry">Women and Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Amaranth" title="Order of the Amaranth">Order of the Amaranth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Eastern_Star" title="Order of the Eastern Star">Order of the Eastern Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Order_of_the_Eastern_Star" title="Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star">Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Freemasonry" title="Co-Freemasonry">Co-Freemasonry</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Masonic youth organizations</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DeMolay_International" title="DeMolay International">DeMolay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.J.E.F." title="A.J.E.F.">A.J.E.F.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job%27s_Daughters_International" title="Job's Daughters International">Job's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Order_of_the_Rainbow_for_Girls" title="International Order of the Rainbow for Girls">International Order of the Rainbow for Girls</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Views on Masonry</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Anti-Masonic_Exhibition" title="Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition">Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_conspiracy_theories" title="Masonic conspiracy theories">Masonic conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry" title="Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry">Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxil_hoax" title="Taxil hoax">Taxil hoax</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People and places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Temple" title="Masonic Temple">Masonic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Anderson_(Freemason)" title="James Anderson (Freemason)">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall" title="Prince Hall">Prince Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_(Freemason)" title="William Preston (Freemason)">William Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_Webb" title="Thomas Smith Webb">Thomas Smith Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Mackey" title="Albert Mackey">Albert Mackey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pike" title="Albert Pike">Albert Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schaw" title="William Schaw">William Schaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Aldworth" title="Elizabeth Aldworth">Elizabeth Aldworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons" title="List of Freemasons">List of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodge_Mother_Kilwinning" title="Lodge Mother Kilwinning">Lodge Mother Kilwinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasons%27_Hall,_London" title="Freemasons' Hall, London">Freemasons' Hall, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Masons%27_Hall,_London" title="Mark Masons' Hall, London">Mark Masons' Hall, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Temple" title="House of the Temple">House of the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Masonic_Temple" title="Detroit Masonic Temple">Detroit Masonic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_buildings" title="List of Masonic buildings">List of Masonic buildings</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_ritual_and_symbolism" title="Masonic ritual and symbolism">Masonic ritual and symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_and_Compasses" title="Square and Compasses">Square and Compasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigpen_cipher" title="Pigpen cipher">Pigpen cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Providence" title="Eye of Providence">Eye of Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Abiff" title="Hiram Abiff">Hiram Abiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Reflection" title="Chamber of Reflection">Chamber of Reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_Abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Masonic Abbreviations">List of Masonic Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprig_of_Acacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprig of Acacia">Sprig of Acacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Landmarks" title="Masonic Landmarks">Masonic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morals_and_Dogma_of_the_Ancient_and_Accepted_Scottish_Rite_of_Freemasonry" title="Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry">Pike's <i>Morals and Dogma</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">Propaganda Due</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahiman_Rezon" title="Ahiman Rezon">Dermott's <i>Ahiman Rezon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_of_Sacred_Law" title="Volume of Sacred Law">Volume of Sacred Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Barbados" title="Freemasonry in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Belgium" title="Freemasonry in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada" title="Freemasonry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Croatia" title="Freemasonry in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Denmark" title="Freemasonry in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_France" title="Freemasonry in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Finland" title="Freemasonry in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Germany" title="Freemasonry in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Icelandic Order of Freemasons">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_India" title="Grand Lodge of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Indonesia" title="Freemasonry in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Italy" title="Freemasonry in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Lebanon" title="Freemasonry in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Luxembourg" title="Freemasonry in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Malta" title="Freemasonry in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Mexico" title="Freemasonry in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_North_Macedonia" title="Freemasonry in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_Philippines" title="Freemasonry in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Portugal" title="Freemasonry in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Romania" title="Freemasonry in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasonry in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Scotland" title="Freemasonry in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_South_Africa" title="Freemasonry in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Spain" title="Freemasonry in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasonry in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Sweden" title="Freemasonry in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Turkey" title="Freemasonry in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Ukraine" title="Freemasonry in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Venezuela" title="Freemasonry in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_United_States" title="Freemasonry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Template:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Template talk:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Anti-Masonic Party</b> was the earliest <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third party</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formally a <a href="/wiki/Single-issue_politics" title="Single-issue politics">single-issue party</a>, it strongly opposed <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_United_States" title="Freemasonry in the United States">Freemasonry in the United States</a>. It was active from the late 1820s, especially in the Northeast, and later attempted to become a major party by expanding its platform to take positions on other issues. It declined quickly after 1832 as most members joined the new <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>; it disappeared after 1838. </p><p>The party was founded following the disappearance of <a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(anti-Mason)" title="William Morgan (anti-Mason)">William Morgan</a>, a former Mason who had become a prominent critic of the Masonic organization. Many believed that Masons had murdered Morgan for speaking out against Masonry and subsequently many churches and other groups condemned Masonry. As many Masons were prominent businessmen and politicians, the backlash against the Masons was also a form of anti-<a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">elitism</a>. The Anti-Masons purported that Masons posed a threat to American <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a> by secretly trying to control the government. Furthermore, there was a strong fear that Masonry was hostile to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. </p><p>Mass opposition to Masonry eventually coalesced into a political party. Before and during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">presidency of John Quincy Adams</a>, there was a period of political realignment. The Anti-Masons emerged as an important third-party alternative to <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> and Adams' <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republicans</a>. In <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, the Anti-Masons supplanted the National Republicans as the primary opposition to the Democrats. </p><p>After experiencing unexpected success in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_1828" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 1828">1828 elections</a>, the Anti-Masons adopted positions on other issues, most notably support for <a href="/wiki/Internal_improvements" title="Internal improvements">internal improvements</a> and a protective <a href="/wiki/Tariffs_in_United_States_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariffs in United States history">tariff</a>. Several Anti-Masons, including <a href="/wiki/William_A._Palmer" title="William A. Palmer">William A. Palmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ritner" title="Joseph Ritner">Joseph Ritner</a>, won election to prominent positions. In states such as <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, the party controlled the balance of power in the state legislature and provided crucial support to candidates for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. In 1831, the party held the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">presidential nominating convention</a>, a practice that was subsequently adopted by all major parties. Delegates chose former U.S. attorney general <a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a> as their standard bearer in the <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832 presidential election</a>; Wirt won 7.8% of the popular vote and carried <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. </p><p>As the 1830s progressed, many of the Anti-Masonic Party's supporters joined the Whig Party, which sought to unite those opposed to the policies of President Jackson. The Anti-Masons brought with them an intense distrust of politicians and a rejection of unthinking party loyalty, together with new campaign techniques to whip up excitement among the voters. The Anti-Masonic Party held a national convention in 1835, nominating <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>, but a second convention announced that the party would not officially support a candidate. Harrison campaigned as a Whig in the <a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836 presidential election</a> and his relative success in the election encouraged further migration of Anti-Masons to the Whig Party. By 1840, the party had ceased to function as a national organization. In subsequent decades, former Anti-Masonic candidates and supporters such as <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thurlow_Weed" title="Thurlow Weed">Thurlow Weed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a> became prominent members of the Whig Party. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #B0161E; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Carl" title="Jeremy Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_H._Lanier" title="Lyle H. Lanier">Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover (Herbert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Graglia" title="Lino Graglia">Graglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas (Clarence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Christopher Caldwell (journalist)">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Douthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(political_writer)" title="Thomas Fleming (political writer)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Hegseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover (Margaret)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Metaxas" title="Eric Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Whittle" title="Bill Whittle">Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff" title="Jack Abramoff">Abramoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ahmanson_Jr." title="Howard Ahmanson Jr.">Ahmanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andreessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Coors" title="Joseph Coors">Coors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dolan_(activist)" title="Terry Dolan (activist)">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">LaHaye (Beverly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye (Tim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (Rebekah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rusher" title="William A. Rusher">Rusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas (Ginni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yenor" title="Scott Yenor">Yenor</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1788)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Leadership" title="Democracy and Leadership">Democracy and Leadership</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground:_American_Social_Policy,_1950%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980">Losing Ground</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blank_Slate" title="The Blank Slate">The Blank Slate</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Rednecks_and_White_Liberals" title="Black Rednecks and White Liberals">Black Rednecks and White Liberals</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (<i>historically, factions</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Newspapers</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Journals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>TV channels</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> <p><b>Websites</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Economics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> <p><b>Gun rights</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li></ul> <p><b>Identity politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America"><i>ACT!</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> <p><b>Nativist</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> <p><b>Religion</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> <p><b>Watchdog groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>Youth/student groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> <p><b>Miscellaneous</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islands_American_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Asian American and Pacific Islands American conservatism in the United States">Asian and Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism#Influence_on_the_Christian_right_in_general" 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class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Morgan_(anti-Mason).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/William_Morgan_%28anti-Mason%29.jpg/170px-William_Morgan_%28anti-Mason%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/William_Morgan_%28anti-Mason%29.jpg/255px-William_Morgan_%28anti-Mason%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/William_Morgan_%28anti-Mason%29.jpg/340px-William_Morgan_%28anti-Mason%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(anti-Mason)" title="William Morgan (anti-Mason)">William Morgan</a>, whose disappearance and probable murder led to creation of the Anti-Masonic Party</figcaption></figure> <p>The opponents of Freemasonry formed a political movement after the <a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(anti-Mason)#Disappearance" title="William Morgan (anti-Mason)">Morgan affair</a> convinced them the Masons were murdering men who spoke out against them.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This key episode was the mysterious 1826 disappearance of William Morgan, a Freemason in upstate New York who had turned against the Masons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Third_Parties_We_Have_Known"18_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Third_Parties_We_Have_Known"18-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morgan claimed to have been made a member of the Masons while living in Canada<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he appears to have briefly attended a lodge in Rochester.<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_1874_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley_1874-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup> In 1825, Morgan received the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arch_Masonry" title="Royal Arch Masonry">Royal Arch</a> degree at <a href="/wiki/Le_Roy_(village),_New_York" title="Le Roy (village), New York">Le Roy</a>'s Western Star Chapter #33, having declared under oath that he had previously received the six degrees which preceded it.<sup id="cite_ref-Tillotson_1920_79_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tillotson_1920_79-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether he actually received these degrees and if so from where has not been determined for certain.<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_1874_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley_1874-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tillotson_1920_79_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tillotson_1920_79-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morgan then attempted unsuccessfully to help establish or visit lodges and chapters in <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_New_York" title="Batavia, New York">Batavia</a>, but was denied participation in Batavia's Masonic activities by members who were uncertain about Morgan's character and claims to Masonic membership.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angered by the rejection, Morgan announced that he was going to publish an exposé titled <i>Illustrations of Masonry</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-illustrations_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illustrations-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> critical of the Freemasons and describing their secret degree ceremonies in detail.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When his intentions became known to the Batavia lodge, an attempt was made to burn down the business of the printer who planned to publish Morgan's book.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1826, Morgan was arrested on flimsy allegations of failing to repay a loan and theft of a shirt and tie in an effort to prevent publication of his book by keeping him in jail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris_(1884)106_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris_(1884)106-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The individual who intended to publish Morgan's book paid his bail and he was released from custody.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris_(1884)106_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris_(1884)106-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, Morgan disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some skeptics argued that Morgan had left the Batavia area on his own, either because he had been paid not to publish his book, or to escape Masonic retaliation for attempting to publish the book, or to generate publicity that would boost the book's sales.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The generally believed version of events was that Masons killed Morgan by drowning him in the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_River" title="Niagara River">Niagara River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether he fled or was murdered, Morgan's disappearance led many to believe that Freemasonry was in conflict with good citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because judges, businessmen, bankers and politicians were often Masons, ordinary citizens began to think of it as an elitist group.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, many claimed that the lodges' secret oaths bound Masons to favor each other against outsiders in the courts and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Sydney_Nathans_1973,_page_88_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sydney_Nathans_1973,_page_88-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because some trials of alleged Morgan conspirators were mishandled and the Masons resisted further inquiries, many New Yorkers concluded that Masons controlled key offices and used their official authority to promote the goals of the fraternity by ensuring that Morgan's supposed killers escaped punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a member sought to reveal its secrets, so ran the conclusion, the Freemasons had done away with him. Because they controlled the courts and other offices, they were considered capable of obstructing the investigation. True Americans, they said, had to organize and defeat this conspiracy. If good government was to be restored "all Masons must be purged from public office".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_foundation">Party foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Party foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thurlow_Weed_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thurlow_Weed_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/170px-Thurlow_Weed_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thurlow_Weed_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/255px-Thurlow_Weed_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thurlow_Weed_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/340px-Thurlow_Weed_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="3848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thurlow_Weed" title="Thurlow Weed">Thurlow Weed</a>, newspaper editor who helped form the Anti-Masonic Party</figcaption></figure> <p>The Anti-Masonic Party was formed in <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a> in February 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anti-Masons were opponents of Freemasonry, believing that it was a corrupt and elitist <a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">secret society</a> which was ruling much of the country in defiance of <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republican principles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many people regarded the Masonic organization and its adherents involved in government as corrupt.<sup id="cite_ref-Formisano_2008_126_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formisano_2008_126-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ronald_P._Formisano_1827_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ronald_P._Formisano_1827-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opposition to Masonry was taken up by some evangelical Protestant churches as a religious cause, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Burned-over_district" title="Burned-over district">Burned-over district</a> of upstate New York.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many churches passed resolutions condemning ministers and lay leaders who were Masons and several denominations condemned Freemasonry, including the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">Methodist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptists_in_the_United_States" title="Baptists in the United States">Baptist</a> churches.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solomon_Southwick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Solomon_Southwick.jpg/170px-Solomon_Southwick.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Solomon_Southwick.jpg/255px-Solomon_Southwick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Solomon_Southwick.jpg/340px-Solomon_Southwick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Southwick" title="Solomon Southwick">Solomon Southwick</a>, newspaper publisher and 1828 Anti-Masonic candidate for Governor of New York</figcaption></figure> <p>Anti-Masonry became a political issue in <a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a>, where early in 1827 many mass meetings resolved not to support Masons for public office.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In New York, the supporters of President <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>, called "Adams men", or Anti-Jacksonians, or <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republicans</a>, were a feeble organization. Adams supporters used the strong anti-Masonic feeling to create a new party in opposition to the rising <a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacksonian Democracy">Jacksonian Democracy</a> nationally and the <a href="/wiki/Albany_Regency" title="Albany Regency">Albany Regency</a> political organization of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this effort, they were aided by the fact that <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> was a high-ranking Mason and frequently spoke in praise of the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alleged remark of Anti-Masonic organizer <a href="/wiki/Thurlow_Weed" title="Thurlow Weed">Thurlow Weed</a> (which Weed denied), that an unidentified corpse found in the Niagara River was "a good enough Morgan" until after the 1828 elections, summarized the value of the Morgan disappearance for the opponents of Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_rise">Political rise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political rise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1828" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1828">elections of 1828</a>, the new party proved unexpectedly strong.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though its <a href="/wiki/New_York_gubernatorial_election,_1828" class="mw-redirect" title="New York gubernatorial election, 1828">candidate</a> for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">governor of New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Southwick" title="Solomon Southwick">Solomon Southwick</a>, was defeated, the Anti-Masonic Party became the main opposition party to the Jacksonian Democrats in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1829, it broadened its issues base when it became a champion of <a href="/wiki/Internal_improvements" title="Internal improvements">internal improvements</a> and the protective <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anti-Masonic Party members expanded the use of party-affiliated newspapers for political organizing by publishing over 100, including Southwick's <i>National Observer</i> and Weed's <i>Anti-Masonic Enquirer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_1874_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley_1874-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 34–35">: 34–35 </span></sup> By 1829, Weed's <i>Albany Journal</i> had become the preeminent Anti-Masonic paper and it later became the leading <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newspapers of the time reveled in partisanship and one brief paragraph in an <i>Albany Journal</i> article opposing <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> included the words "dangerous", "demagogue", "corrupt", "degrade", "pervert", "prostitute", "debauch" and "cursed".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conventions_and_elections">Conventions and elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conventions and elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A national Anti-Masonic organization was planned as early as 1827, when the New York leaders attempted unsuccessfully to persuade <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> to renounce his Masonic membership and head the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1830, the Anti-Masonic movement's effort to broaden its appeal enabled it to spread to neighboring states, becoming especially strong in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1831, <a href="/wiki/William_A._Palmer" title="William A. Palmer">William A. Palmer</a> was elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">governor of Vermont</a> on an Anti-Masonic ticket, an office he held until 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells_1902_340_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells_1902_340-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palmer's brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Augustine_Clarke" title="Augustine Clarke">Augustine Clarke</a> was an Anti-Masonic presidential elector in 1832, served as <a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_Treasurer" title="Vermont State Treasurer">Vermont state treasurer</a> from 1833 to 1837 and was appointed to the Anti-Masonic National Committee in 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Vermont Anti-Masonic electors in 1832 included former governor <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Butler" title="Ezra Butler">Ezra Butler</a> and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Representative">United States representative</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Strong_(Vermont_politician)" title="William Strong (Vermont politician)">William Strong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest elected office held by a member of the Anti-Masonic Party was governor. Besides Palmer in Vermont, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ritner" title="Joseph Ritner">Joseph Ritner</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Pennsylvania">governor of Pennsylvania</a> from 1835 to 1839.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to Palmer and Ritner, <a href="/wiki/Silas_H._Jennison" title="Silas H. Jennison">Silas H. Jennison</a>, an Anti-Mason, was elected <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Vermont">Lieutenant Governor of Vermont</a> with <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> support in 1835. No candidate, including Palmer, received a majority of votes for governor as required by the Vermont Constitution. The contest then moved to the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_General_Assembly" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont General Assembly</a>, which could not choose a winner. The General Assembly then opted to allow Jennison to act as governor until the next election. He won election as governor in his own right as a Whig in 1836 and served from 1836 to 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells_1902_340_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells_1902_340-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg/170px-Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg/255px-Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg/340px-Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Former <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Mason</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a> won <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a> votes in the <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832 presidential election</a> for the Anti-Masonic Party</figcaption></figure> <p>Though the Anti-Masonic Party elected no <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senators</a> and controlled no houses of a state legislature, Anti-Masons in state legislatures sometimes formed coalitions to elect senators and organize their chambers. Examples include: <a href="/wiki/William_Wilkins_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wilkins (U.S. politician)">William Wilkins</a>, elected to the Senate in 1830 by a coalition of Democrats and Anti-Masons in the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania General Assembly</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/William_Sprague_III" title="William Sprague III">William Sprague</a>, elected speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives" title="Rhode Island House of Representatives">Rhode Island House of Representatives</a> in 1831 by a coalition of Democrats and Anti-Masons.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amos_Ellmaker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amos_Ellmaker.jpg/170px-Amos_Ellmaker.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amos_Ellmaker.jpg/255px-Amos_Ellmaker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amos_Ellmaker.jpg/340px-Amos_Ellmaker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amos_Ellmaker" title="Amos Ellmaker">Amos Ellmaker</a>, 1832 Anti-Masonic candidate for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Anti-Masonic Party conducted the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">presidential nominating convention</a> in the United States history for the <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832 elections</a>, nominating <a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a> (a former Mason) for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amos_Ellmaker" title="Amos Ellmaker">Amos Ellmaker</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a> in Baltimore. Wirt won 7.8 percent of the popular vote and the seven electoral votes of Vermont.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon the Democrats and Whigs recognized the convention's value in managing parties and campaigns and began to hold their own.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldwag_2012_172_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldwag_2012_172-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Ritner's election in 1835, a state convention was held in Harrisburg on December 14–17, 1835 to choose <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">presidential electors</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convention nominated <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> for president and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Francis Granger</a> for vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vermont state Anti-Masonic convention followed suit on February 24, 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anti-Masonic leaders were unable to obtain assurance from Harrison that he was not a Mason, so they called a national convention. The second national Anti-Masonic nominating convention was held in Philadelphia on May 4, 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meeting was divisive, but a majority of the delegates officially stated that the party was not sponsoring a national ticket for the presidential election of 1836 and proposed a meeting in 1837 to discuss the future of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Harrison lost the election to Democratic candidate <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> in 1836, his strength throughout the North was hailed by Anti-Masonic leaders because the Anti-Masonic Party was the first to officially place his name in contention.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-1830s, other Anti-Jacksonians had coalesced into the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>, which had a broader issue base than the Anti-Masons. By the late 1830s, many of the Anti-Masonic movement's members were moving to the Whigs, regarding that party as a better alternative to the Jacksonians, by then called Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Anti-Masonic Party held a conference in September 1837 to discuss its situation—one delegate was former president John Quincy Adams.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Anti-Masonic Party held a third national nominating convention at <a href="/wiki/Temperance_halls" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance halls">Temperance Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> on November 13–14, 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, the party had been almost entirely supplanted by the Whigs. The Anti-Masons unanimously endorsed William Henry Harrison for president and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a> for vice president in the <a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840 election</a>. When the Whig National Convention nominated Harrison with <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> as his running mate, the Anti-Masonic Party did not make an alternate nomination and ceased to function, with most adherents being fully absorbed into the Whigs by 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McLaughlin_1914_49_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_1914_49-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonathan_Blanchard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jonathan_Blanchard.png/170px-Jonathan_Blanchard.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jonathan_Blanchard.png/255px-Jonathan_Blanchard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jonathan_Blanchard.png/340px-Jonathan_Blanchard.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Blanchard_(abolitionist)" title="Jonathan Blanchard (abolitionist)">Jonathan Blanchard</a>, <a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884 presidential candidate</a> of the Anti-Masonic Party's second incarnation</figcaption></figure> <p>Anti-Masonry was deeply committed to conspiracy theories, primarily the claim that Masonic elites were trying to secretly control the government.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As people became more mobile economically during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> and began to move west when new states were populated by white settlers and added to the Union, the growth of the Anti-Masonic movement was caused by the political and social unrest resulting from the weakening of longstanding family and community ties.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Freemasonry one of the few institutions that remained stable during this time of change, it became a natural target for protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the Morgan Affair became the highly visible catalyst that turned a popular movement into a political party.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the banner of Anti-Masons, able leaders united Anti-Jacksonians and others who were discontented with existing political conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that William Wirt, their choice for the presidency in 1832, not only was a former Mason, but also defended Freemasonry in a speech before the convention that nominated him indicates that opposition to Masonry was not the Anti-Masonic movement's sole issue.<sup id="cite_ref-McLaughlin_1914_49_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_1914_49-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Anti-Masonic movement gave rise to or expanded the use of many innovations which became accepted practice among other parties, including nominating conventions and party newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldwag_2012_172_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldwag_2012_172-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the Anti-Masons aided in the rise of the Whig Party as the major alternative to the Democrats, with Anti-Masonic positions on issues including internal improvements and tariffs being adopted by the Whigs.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Anti-Masonic_Party">Second Anti-Masonic Party</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second Anti-Masonic Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A later political organization called the Anti-Masonic Party was active from 1872 until 1888. This second group had a more religious basis for its anti-Masonry and was closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Blanchard_(abolitionist)" title="Jonathan Blanchard (abolitionist)">Jonathan Blanchard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wheaton_College_(Illinois)" title="Wheaton College (Illinois)">Wheaton College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members_of_Congress">Members of Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Members of Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grattan_H._Wheeler,_Sr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Grattan_H._Wheeler%2C_Sr.jpg/170px-Grattan_H._Wheeler%2C_Sr.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Grattan_H._Wheeler%2C_Sr.jpg/255px-Grattan_H._Wheeler%2C_Sr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Grattan_H._Wheeler%2C_Sr.jpg/340px-Grattan_H._Wheeler%2C_Sr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grattan_H._Wheeler" title="Grattan H. Wheeler">Grattan H. Wheeler</a>, Anti-Masonic <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">congressman</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Anti-Masons did not elect anyone to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>, but elected several members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Massachusetts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(Massachusetts_politician,_born_1783)" title="William Jackson (Massachusetts politician, born 1783)">William Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">John Reed Jr.</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>New York</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Babcock_(politician)" title="William Babcock (politician)">William Babcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel_H._Barstow" title="Gamaliel H. Barstow">Gamaliel H. Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Childs" title="Timothy Childs">Timothy Childs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Collier" title="John A. Collier">John A. Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_Cooke" title="Bates Cooke">Bates Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickson_(New_York_politician)" title="John Dickson (New York politician)">John Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_C._Fuller" title="Philo C. Fuller">Philo C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Hard" title="Gideon Hard">Gideon Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Hazeltine" title="Abner Hazeltine">Abner Hazeltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Lay" title="George W. Lay">George W. Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Martindale" title="Henry C. Martindale">Henry C. Martindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Rose" title="Robert S. Rose">Robert S. Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_L._Tracy" title="Phineas L. Tracy">Phineas L. Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grattan_H._Wheeler" title="Grattan H. Wheeler">Grattan H. Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whittlesey" title="Frederick Whittlesey">Frederick Whittlesey</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ohio</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sloane" title="Jonathan Sloane">Jonathan Sloane</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Pennsylvania</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Allison_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Robert Allison (Pennsylvania politician)">Robert Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Banks_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Banks (U.S. politician)">John Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Barnitz" title="Charles Augustus Barnitz">Charles Augustus Barnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Biddle" title="Richard Biddle">Richard Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chambers_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Chambers (Pennsylvania politician)">George Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clark_(congressman)" title="William Clark (congressman)">William Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Darlington" title="Edward Darlington">Edward Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Davies_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Davies (Pennsylvania politician)">Edward Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmar_Denny" title="Harmar Denny">Harmar Denny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_(Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Edwards (Pennsylvania)">John Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Thomas Henry (Pennsylvania politician)">Thomas Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hiester_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="William Hiester (Pennsylvania politician)">William Hiester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_James_(congressman)" title="Francis James (congressman)">Francis James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ogle_(politician)" title="Charles Ogle (politician)">Charles Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Potts_Jr." title="David Potts Jr.">David Potts Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stewart_(died_1872)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Stewart (died 1872)">Andrew Stewart</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Rhode Island</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutee_Jerauld_Pearce" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutee Jerauld Pearce">Dutee Jerauld Pearce</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Vermont</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cahoon" title="William Cahoon">William Cahoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Deming" title="Benjamin F. Deming">Benjamin F. Deming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fisk_Janes" title="Henry Fisk Janes">Henry Fisk Janes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Slade_(politician)" title="William Slade (politician)">William Slade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_office_holders_and_candidates">Notable office holders and candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable office holders and candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Masonic_Party_politicians" title="Category:Anti-Masonic Party politicians">Category:Anti-Masonic Party politicians</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unidentified_Artist_-_Millard_Fillmore_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Unidentified_Artist_-_Millard_Fillmore_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Unidentified_Artist_-_Millard_Fillmore_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Unidentified_Artist_-_Millard_Fillmore_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Unidentified_Artist_-_Millard_Fillmore_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Unidentified_Artist_-_Millard_Fillmore_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Unidentified_Artist_-_Millard_Fillmore_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4774" data-file-height="5745" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>'s political career began as an Anti-Masonic member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> in 1829</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Southwick" title="Solomon Southwick">Solomon Southwick</a>, candidate for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> (1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> (1829–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> (1831–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebbeus_Egerton" title="Lebbeus Egerton">Lebbeus Egerton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Vermont">Lieutenant Governor of Vermont</a> (1831–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Palmer" title="William A. Palmer">William A. Palmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a> (1831–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a>, candidate for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> in 1832</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Ellmaker" title="Amos Ellmaker">Amos Ellmaker</a>, candidate for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> in 1832</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sprague_III" title="William Sprague III">William Sprague III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives" title="Rhode Island House of Representatives">Speaker</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives" title="Rhode Island House of Representatives">Rhode Island House of Representatives</a> (1832–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a> (1833–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Clarke" title="Augustine Clarke">Augustine Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_Treasurer" title="Vermont State Treasurer">Vermont State Treasurer</a> (1833–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ritner" title="Joseph Ritner">Joseph Ritner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Pennsylvania">Governor of Pennsylvania</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_H._Jennison" title="Silas H. Jennison">Silas H. Jennison</a>, Governor of Vermont (1835–1841) and Anti-Mason running with <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> support who later became a Whig</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>, candidate for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a> in 1833</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Wardner" title="Allen Wardner">Allen Wardner</a>, Vermont State Treasurer (1837–1838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Blanchard_(abolitionist)" title="Jonathan Blanchard (abolitionist)">Jonathan Blanchard</a>, candidate for president in 1884</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Presidential elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Running mate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Vote % </th> <th>Electoral votes </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Outcome of election </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg/80px-Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg/120px-Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg/160px-Attorney_General_William_Wirt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amos_Ellmaker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amos_Ellmaker.jpg/80px-Amos_Ellmaker.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amos_Ellmaker.jpg/120px-Amos_Ellmaker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amos_Ellmaker.jpg/160px-Amos_Ellmaker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="641" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Amos_Ellmaker" title="Amos Ellmaker">Amos Ellmaker</a> </td> <td align="center">100,715 </td> <td align="center">7.8 </td> <td align="left"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 286</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left">New </td> <td align="left">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td align="center" colspan="7">Not presented </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td align="center" colspan="7">Not presented </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wolcott_Phelps_(Union_Army_general_from_Vermont).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/John_Wolcott_Phelps_%28Union_Army_general_from_Vermont%29.jpg/80px-John_Wolcott_Phelps_%28Union_Army_general_from_Vermont%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/John_Wolcott_Phelps_%28Union_Army_general_from_Vermont%29.jpg/120px-John_Wolcott_Phelps_%28Union_Army_general_from_Vermont%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/John_Wolcott_Phelps_%28Union_Army_general_from_Vermont%29.jpg/160px-John_Wolcott_Phelps_%28Union_Army_general_from_Vermont%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="551" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/John_W._Phelps" title="John W. Phelps">John W. Phelps</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_C._Pomeroy_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Samuel_C._Pomeroy_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/80px-Samuel_C._Pomeroy_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Samuel_C._Pomeroy_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/120px-Samuel_C._Pomeroy_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Samuel_C._Pomeroy_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/160px-Samuel_C._Pomeroy_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="3688" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Pomeroy" title="Samuel C. Pomeroy">Samuel C. Pomeroy</a> </td> <td align="center">1,045 </td> <td align="center">nil </td> <td align="left"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 369</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>0 </td> <td align="left">Lost </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Endorsed <a href="/wiki/William_H._Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Harrison">William H. Harrison</a> for President and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Francis Granger</a> for Vice President.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Initially endorsed Harrison for President and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a> for Vice President, it fully merged into the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> following the election.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_elections">Congressional elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Congressional elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>United States<br />House of Representatives </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>No. of<br />overall seats won </th> <th>+/– </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDEEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1828" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1828">1828</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 213</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#DDEEFF"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">Andrew Stevenson</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDEEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1830" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1830">1830</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 213</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDEEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1832" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1832">1832</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 240</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1834" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1834">1834</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 242</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1836" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1836">1836</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 242</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1838" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1838">1838</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 242</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">John W. Jones</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>United States<br />Senate </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>No. of<br />overall seats won </th> <th>+/– </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Senate President</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDEEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1828_and_1829" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1828 and 1829">1828/1829</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#DDEEFF"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDEEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1830_and_1831" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1830 and 1831">1830/1831</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDEEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1832_and_1833" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1832 and 1833">1832/1833</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Vacant<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0C862"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1834_and_1835" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1834 and 1835">1834/1835</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1836_and_1837" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1836 and 1837">1836/1837</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 52</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1838_and_1839" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1838 and 1839">1838/1839</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 52</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFFF99; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Johnson">Richard M. Johnson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Office left vacant when Calhoun resigned to become Senator on December 28, 1832.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2017">Cooper 2017</a>, pp. 280–283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chip Berlet, Matthew Nemiroff Lyons, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Md1aRhWNk1QC&pg=PA38"><i>Right-wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort</i></a>, 2000, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sydney_Nathans_1973,_page_88-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sydney_Nathans_1973,_page_88_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sydney_Nathans_1973,_page_88_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sydney Nathans, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iPg6AAAAIAAJ&q=outsiders"><i>Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy</i></a>, 1973, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Formisano_2008_126-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Formisano_2008_126_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Formisano_2008_126_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFormisano2008" class="citation book cs1">Formisano, Ronald P. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BSwQBp7JC9sC&pg=PA126"><i>For the People: American Populist Movements from the Revolution to the 1850s</i></a>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3172-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3172-4"><bdi>978-0-8078-3172-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+the+People%3A+American+Populist+Movements+from+the+Revolution+to+the+1850s&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-3172-4&rft.aulast=Formisano&rft.aufirst=Ronald+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBSwQBp7JC9sC%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ronald_P._Formisano_1827-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ronald_P._Formisano_1827_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ronald_P._Formisano_1827_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald P. Formisano, and Kathleen Smith Kutolowski, "Antimasonry and Masonry: The Genesis of Protest, 1826–1827." <i>American Quarterly</i> 29#2 (1977): 139–165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brodie, pp. 38–39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anne-Marie_Taylor_2001,_page_40_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anne-Marie Taylor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=an2KtqVlwlsC&pg=PA40"><i>Young Charles Sumner and the Legacy of the American Enlightenment, 1811–1851</i></a>, 2001, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Anti-Masonic-Movement">"Anti-Masonic Movement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. July 20, 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anti-Masonic+Movement&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1998-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FAnti-Masonic-Movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Piatigorsky2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Piatigorsky" title="Alexander Piatigorsky">Alexander Piatigorsky</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nfe_Ucpg-xEC&q=anti-masonic+party+protestant&pg=PA166"><i>Freemasonry: A Study of the Phenomenon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1860462658" title="Special:BookSources/978-1860462658"><bdi>978-1860462658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freemasonry%3A+A+Study+of+the+Phenomenon&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1860462658&rft.au=Alexander+Piatigorsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnfe_Ucpg-xEC%26q%3Danti-masonic%2Bparty%2Bprotestant%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStahr201224–26-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStahr201224–26_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStahr2012">Stahr 2012</a>, pp. 24–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinningEsterlySracic1999" class="citation book cs1">Binning, William C.; Esterly, Larry C.; Sracic, Larry A. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w67OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA7"><i>Encyclopedia of American Parties, Campaigns, and Elections</i></a>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3130-0762-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3130-0762-0"><bdi>978-0-3130-0762-0</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Parties%2C+Campaigns%2C+and+Elections&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-3130-0762-0&rft.aulast=Binning&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft.au=Esterly%2C+Larry+C.&rft.au=Sracic%2C+Larry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw67OEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"Third_Parties_We_Have_Known"" class="citation journal cs1">Ulm, Aaron Hardy (February 14, 1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YmgwAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA72">"Third Parties We Have Known"</a>. <i>Collier's</i>. San Francisco, CA: P. F. 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(1846). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cPwqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA83">"Masonic Tribute to the Late General Andrew Jackson"</a>. <i>The Freemason's Monthly Magazine</i>. <b>5</b>. 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Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons and Company: 51–61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Selections+from+the+Newspaper+Articles+of+Thurlow+Weed&rft.atitle=A+Good+Enough+Morgan&rft.pages=51-61&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Weed&rft.aufirst=Thurlow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJZE7AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Anti-Masonic_Party" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anti-Masonic+Party&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=127&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Stein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4dJXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45"><i>American Panic: A History of Who Scares Us and Why</i></a>, 2014, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward S. Mihalkanin, editor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c_ORomNygLcC&pg=PA451"><i>American Statesmen: Secretaries of State from John Jay to Colin Powell</i></a>, 2004, p. 451</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeffrey D. Schultz, John G. West, Iain S. MacLean, editors, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dy1MNv8ou-0C&pg=PA18"><i>Encyclopedia of Religion in American Politics</i></a>, 1999, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Elliott Fitch <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediabio00fitcgoog/page/n564">Encyclopedia of Biography of New York</a>, Volume 1, 1916, p. 318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benson John Lossing, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empirestateacom01lossgoog/page/n471">The Empire State: A Compendious History of the Commonwealth of New York</a>, 1888, p. 447</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John G. Gasaway, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AjByAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Albany+Evening+Journal%22+%22martin+Van+Buren%22+corrupt"><i>Tippecanoe and the Party Press Too: Mass Communication, Politics, Culture, and the Fabled Presidential Election of 1840</i></a>, 1999, p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wells_1902_340-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wells_1902_340_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells_1902_340_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1902" class="citation book cs1">Wells, Frederic Palmer (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historynewburyv00wellgoog"><i>History of Newbury, Vermont</i></a>. The Caledonian Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historynewburyv00wellgoog/page/n439">340</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>. <q>william a palmer governor vermont anti-masonic.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Newbury%2C+Vermont&rft.pages=340&rft.pub=The+Caledonian+Company&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Frederic+Palmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorynewburyv00wellgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouton1856" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Bouton" title="Nathaniel Bouton">Bouton, Nathaniel</a> (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=23owAQAAMAAJ&q=%22augustine+clark%22+%22william+a+palmer%22&pg=PA697"><i>The History of Concord, Vermont</i></a>. McFarland & Jenks. p. 697. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0608438405" title="Special:BookSources/978-0608438405"><bdi>978-0608438405</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Concord%2C+Vermont&rft.pages=697&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Jenks&rft.date=1856&rft.isbn=978-0608438405&rft.aulast=Bouton&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D23owAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522augustine%2Bclark%2522%2B%2522william%2Ba%2Bpalmer%2522%26pg%3DPA697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiles1837" class="citation news cs1">Niles, William Ogden (September 30, 1837). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6PAaAAAAYAAJ&q=%22augustine+clark%22+anti-masonic+committee&pg=PA68">"National Antimasonic Convention"</a>. <i>Niles' National Register</i>. Vol. 53. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Niles%27+National+Register&rft.atitle=National+Antimasonic+Convention&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1837-09-30&rft.aulast=Niles&rft.aufirst=William+Ogden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6PAaAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522augustine%2Bclark%2522%2Banti-masonic%2Bcommittee%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemenway1882" class="citation book cs1">Hemenway, Abby Maria (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historytownmont00waltgoog"><i>The History of the Town of Montpelier, Including that of the Town of East Montpelier</i></a>. A. M. Hemenway. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historytownmont00waltgoog/page/n41">273</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>. <q>augustine clark treasurer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Town+of+Montpelier%2C+Including+that+of+the+Town+of+East+Montpelier&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=A.+M.+Hemenway&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Hemenway&rft.aufirst=Abby+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorytownmont00waltgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermont_Secretary_of_State1902" class="citation book cs1">Vermont Secretary of State (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wCY0AQAAMAAJ&q=vermont+electors+1832+clarke+butler+strong&pg=PA199"><i>Vermont Legislative Directory</i></a>. Vermont Watchman Co. p. 199<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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B. F. Meyers, State Printer. p. 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+Pennsylvania%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=B.+F.+Meyers%2C+State+Printer&rft.date=1875&rft.au=Pennsylvania+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCnYpAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522joseph%2Britner%2522%2Bgovernor%2Banti-mason%2B1835%2B1839%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2003" class="citation book cs1">Duffy, John J.; et al. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uTBCXqOou0YC&q=%22silas+h.+jennison%22&pg=PA171"><i>The Vermont Encyclopedia</i></a>. University of Vermont Press. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1584650867" title="Special:BookSources/978-1584650867"><bdi>978-1584650867</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vermont+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=University+of+Vermont+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1584650867&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuTBCXqOou0YC%26q%3D%2522silas%2Bh.%2Bjennison%2522%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolk,_James_K.1996" class="citation book cs1">Polk, James K. (1996). Cutler, Wayne (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wxmLh0gDfSoC&q=%22william+wilkins%22+%22anti-mason%22+senator+1830&pg=PA39"><i>Correspondence of James K. Polk: Volume IX, January–June 1845</i></a>. University of Tennessee Press. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0870499470" title="Special:BookSources/978-0870499470"><bdi>978-0870499470</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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U.S. Government Printing Office. 1956. p. 508. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0160845789" title="Special:BookSources/978-0160845789"><bdi>978-0160845789</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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December 22, 1835. p. 2 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Harrisburg+Conventions&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1835-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F98863712%2Fharrisburg-comventions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=432869">"VT US President – AM Convention Race – Feb 24, 1836"</a>. Our Campaigns. 2008-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of North Carolina Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807823354" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807823354"><bdi>978-0807823354</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>. <q>anti-masonic harrison 1836.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Whig+Party+in+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Richard+Mueller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhigpartyinpenn00muelgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2013" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Sean Patrick (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dPYFIb5hOHsC&q=%22anti-masons%22+join+whig+party&pg=PA343"><i>A Companion to the Era of Andrew Jackson</i></a>. 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Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Conspiracy+Theories+Abounded+in+19th-Century+American+Politics&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft.aulast=Cheathem&rft.aufirst=Mark+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fconspiracy-theories-abounded-19th-century-american-politics-180971940%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller2007" class="citation book cs1">Keller, Morton (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uNjQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77"><i>America's Three Regimes: A New Political History</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532502-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532502-7"><bdi>978-0-19-532502-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Three+Regimes%3A+A+New+Political+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532502-7&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Morton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuNjQCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipson1977" class="citation book cs1">Lipson, Dorothy Ann (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1oV9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA9"><i>Freemasonry in Federalist Connecticut, 1789–1835</i></a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400870080" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400870080"><bdi>978-1400870080</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freemasonry+in+Federalist+Connecticut%2C+1789%E2%80%931835&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-1400870080&rft.aulast=Lipson&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1oV9BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughn, <i>The Anti-Masonic Party in the United States: 1826–1843</i> pp. 21–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarry2001" class="citation book cs1">Scarry, Robert J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IDr_W-wch94C&q=%22Anti-Masonic%22+morgan+catalyst&pg=PA34"><i>Millard Fillmore</i></a>. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786450763" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786450763"><bdi>978-0786450763</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Millard+Fillmore&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0786450763&rft.aulast=Scarry&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIDr_W-wch94C%26q%3D%2522Anti-Masonic%2522%2Bmorgan%2Bcatalyst%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMihalkanin2004" class="citation book cs1">Mihalkanin, Edward S., ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c_ORomNygLcC&q=%22Anti-Masonic%22+%22whig%22+internal+improvement+tariff&pg=PA451"><i>American Statesmen: Secretaries of State from John Jay to Colin Powell</i></a>. Greenwood Press. p. 451. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313308284" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313308284"><bdi>978-0313308284</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Statesmen%3A+Secretaries+of+State+from+John+Jay+to+Colin+Powell&rft.pages=451&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0313308284&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc_ORomNygLcC%26q%3D%2522Anti-Masonic%2522%2B%2522whig%2522%2Binternal%2Bimprovement%2Btariff%26pg%3DPA451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolo2012" class="citation book cs1">Volo, James M. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=403f4VrQwvYC&q=%22jonathan+blanchard%22+%22wheaton+college%22+%22Anti-Masonic%22&pg=PA21"><i>The Boston Tea Party: The Foundations of Revolution</i></a>. ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313398759" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313398759"><bdi>978-0313398759</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boston+Tea+Party%3A+The+Foundations+of+Revolution&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+LLC&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0313398759&rft.aulast=Volo&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D403f4VrQwvYC%26q%3D%2522jonathan%2Bblanchard%2522%2B%2522wheaton%2Bcollege%2522%2B%2522Anti-Masonic%2522%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch1.asp">List of Anti-Masonic Party Members of Congress</a>. Retrieved June 17, 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_further_reading">Sources and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Masonic_Party&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bemis, Samuel Flagg. <i>John Quincy Adams and the union</i> (1956) vol 2 pp 273-304.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrodie1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fawn_Brodie" class="mw-redirect" title="Fawn Brodie">Brodie, Fawn</a> (1966) [1959]. <i>Thaddeus Stevens: Scourge of the South</i> (Norton Library ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-00331-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-00331-0"><bdi>0-393-00331-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thaddeus+Stevens%3A+Scourge+of+the+South&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Norton+Library&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Co.%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-393-00331-0&rft.aulast=Brodie&rft.aufirst=Fawn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2017" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, William J. (2017). <i>The Lost Founding Father: John Quincy Adams and the Transformation of American Politics</i>. Liveright Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1631493898" title="Special:BookSources/978-1631493898"><bdi>978-1631493898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Founding+Father%3A+John+Quincy+Adams+and+the+Transformation+of+American+Politics&rft.pub=Liveright+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1631493898&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFormisano2008" class="citation book cs1">Formisano, Ronald P. (2008). <i>For the People: American Populist Movements from the Revolution to the 1850s</i>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3172-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3172-4"><bdi>978-0-8078-3172-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+the+People%3A+American+Populist+Movements+from+the+Revolution+to+the+1850s&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-3172-4&rft.aulast=Formisano&rft.aufirst=Ronald+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFormisanoKutolowski1977" class="citation journal cs1">Formisano, Ronald P.; Kutolowski, Kathleen Smith (1977). "Antimasonry and Masonry: The Genesis of Protest, 1826–1827". <i>American Quarterly</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 139–165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2712356">10.2307/2712356</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2712356">2712356</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Antimasonry+and+Masonry%3A+The+Genesis+of+Protest%2C+1826%E2%80%931827&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=139-165&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2712356&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2712356%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Formisano&rft.aufirst=Ronald+P.&rft.au=Kutolowski%2C+Kathleen+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Goodman, Paul. <i>Towards a Christian republic: Antimasonry and the great transition in New England 1826–1836</i> (Oxford University Press, 1988).</li> <li>Holt, Michael F. "The Antimasonic and Know Nothing Parties," in <i>History of U.S. Political Parties</i>, ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (4 vols., New York, 1973), vol I, 575–620.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamele1991" class="citation cs2">Jamele, John F. (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CNuHtgAACAAJ"><i>The Antimasonic Party in Massachusetts, 1826–1835</i></a>, College Park, MD: University of Maryland Library</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Antimasonic+Party+in+Massachusetts%2C+1826%E2%80%931835&rft.place=College+Park%2C+MD&rft.pub=University+of+Maryland+Library&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Jamele&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCNuHtgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1903" class="citation cs2">McCarthy, Charles (1903), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QapJAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Antimasonic Party: A Study of Political Antimasonry in the United States, 1827–1840</i></a>, Washington: Government Printing Office</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Antimasonic+Party%3A+A+Study+of+Political+Antimasonry+in+the+United+States%2C+1827%E2%80%931840&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQapJAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span>, reprinted from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Annual Report of the American Historical Association</i>, vol. 1, 1902, pp. 365–574</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+American+Historical+Association&rft.pages=365-574&rft.date=1902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathans1973" class="citation cs2">Nathans, Sydney (1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iPg6AAAAIAAJ"><i>Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy</i></a>, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1246-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1246-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-1246-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel+Webster+and+Jacksonian+Democracy&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-1246-0&rft.aulast=Nathans&rft.aufirst=Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiPg6AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Ratcliffe, Donald J. "Antimasonry and Partisanship in Greater New England, 1826–1836." <i>Journal of the Early Republic</i> 15.2 (1995): 199–239.</li> <li>Rayback, Robert J. <i>Millard Fillmore: Biography of a President</i>. Buffalo Historical Society. 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/millardfillmoreb006143mbp">online</a></li> <li>Rupp, Robert O. "Parties and the public good: political Antimasonry in New York reconsidered." <i>Journal of the Early Republic</i> 8.3 (1988): 253–279. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3123690">online</a></li> <li>Shade, William. "Review: The Elder Goodman's 'Light on Antimasonry'?" <i>Reviews in American History</i> (1989) 17#1 pp. 58–63 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2703127">in jstor</a>;</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStahr2012" class="citation book cs1">Stahr, Walter (2012). <i>Seward : Lincoln's indispensable man</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2118-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2118-4"><bdi>978-1-4391-2118-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seward+%3A+Lincoln%27s+indispensable+man&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-2118-4&rft.aulast=Stahr&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Masonic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Trefousse, Hans L. <i>Thaddeus Stevens: Nineteenth-Century Egalitarian</i>. University of North Carolina Press. 1997.</li> <li>Vaughn, William Preston (1983) <i>The Antimasonic Party in the United States, 1826–1843</i>. University Press of Kentucky. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-1474-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-1474-8">0-8131-1474-8</a>, the standard history.</li> <li>Van Deusen, Glyndon G. <i>Thurlow Weed, Wizard of the Lobby</i> (1947) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thurlowweedwizar00vand">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_political_parties_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_parties" title="Template:United States political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_parties" title="Template talk:United States political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_political_parties_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">political parties in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties in the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Larger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smaller</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Socialist_Party" title="African People's Socialist Party">African People's Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Socialists_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Socialists of America">Black Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Liberty_Party" title="Christian Liberty Party">Christian Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Citizens Party of the United States">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Party_(United_States)" title="Forward Party (United States)">Forward Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_USA" title="Liberal Party USA">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Progressive_Party_(United_States)_state_affiliates" title="Category:National Progressive Party (United States) state affiliates">National Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dane" title="Progressive Dane">Progressive Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Marijuana_Party" title="U.S. Marijuana Party">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">Pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_2017)" title="People's Party (United States, 2017)">People's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renew_America_Movement" title="Renew America Movement">Renew America Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serve_America_Movement" title="Serve America Movement">Serve America Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">South Carolina Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_Party" title="Transhumanist Party">Transhumanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Party" title="Working Class Party">Working Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist Party of the United States">World Socialist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American (Know Nothing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_Elect" title="Americans Elect">Americans Elect</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anti-Masonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1924)" title="American Party (1924)">American (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegetarian_Party" title="American Vegetarian Party">American Vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_(United_States)" title="Communist Workers' Party (United States)">Communist Workers'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States,_1952)" title="Constitution Party (United States, 1952)">Constitution (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party_(1844)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic-Republican Party (1844)">Democratic-Republican (1844)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="National Democratic Party (United States)">Gold Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_(United_States)" title="Human Rights Party (United States)">Human Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(United_States)" title="Independence Party (United States)">Independence (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_America" title="Independence Party of America">Independence (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Labor Party of the United States">Labor (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_1996)" title="Labor Party (United States, 1996)">Labor (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty (1840)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(United_States)" title="National Party (United States)"> National (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(United_States)" title="New Party (United States)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Union_Party" title="New Union Party">New Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullifier_Party" title="Nullifier Party">Nullifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Party_(Southern_U.S.)" title="Opposition Party (Southern U.S.)">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Party_(1970s)" title="Patriot Party (1970s)">Patriot Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist (People's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Choice_Party" title="Personal Choice Party">Personal Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States,_1984)" title="Populist Party (United States, 1984)">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Party_of_America" title="Proletarian Party of America">Proletarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_Party_(United_States)" title="Radical Democracy Party (United States)">Radical Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Unida_Party" title="Raza Unida Party">Raza Unida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readjuster_Party" title="Readjuster Party">Readjuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(United_States)" title="Red Guards (United States)">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guard_Party" title="Red Guard Party">Red Guard Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Party" title="Silver Party">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist (1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">States Rights (Dixiecrat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_Union_Party" title="Unconditional Union Party">Unconditional Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States,_1850)" title="Union Party (United States, 1850)">Union (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_politician_(American_Civil_War)" title="Unionist politician (American Civil War)">Union (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Union Party (United States)">Union (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Labor_Party" title="U.S. Labor Party">U.S. Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Panthers" class="mw-redirect" title="White Panthers">White Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Patriot_Party" title="White Patriot Party">White Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Patriots_Organization" title="Young Patriots Organization">Young Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_America" title="Workers Party of America">Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Lords_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Lords Party">Young Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_state_and_local_political_parties" title="Template:United States state and local political parties">State and local political parties (without national body)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Presidential nominating convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conspiracy_theories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conspiracy_theories" title="Template:Conspiracy theories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conspiracy_theories" title="Template talk:Conspiracy theories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conspiracy_theories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conspiracy theories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conspiracy_theories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories" title="List of conspiracy theories">List of conspiracy theories</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabal" title="Cabal">Cabals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_state" title="Deep state">deep state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89minence_grise" title="Éminence grise">éminence grise</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_behind_the_throne" title="Power behind the throne">power behind the throne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conspiracy" title="Civil conspiracy">Civil</a> / <a href="/wiki/Criminal_conspiracy" title="Criminal conspiracy">Criminal</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_conspiracies" title="List of political conspiracies">Political conspiracies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy" title="Conspiracy">Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_actor" title="Crisis actor">Crisis actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deception" title="Deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">Dystopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophe_scenarios" title="Global catastrophe scenarios">Global catastrophe scenarios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_message" title="Hidden message">Hidden message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secrecy" title="Secrecy">Secrecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">Secret societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legends and myths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_polarization#Attitude_polarization" title="Group polarization">Attitude polarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">Confirmation bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">Denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_of_control" title="Locus of control">Locus of control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">Manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_psychogenic_illness" title="Mass psychogenic illness">Mass psychogenic illness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_panic" title="Moral panic">moral panics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">Paranoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Psychological projection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Astronomy_and_outer_space" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Astronomy and outer space</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_flat_Earth_beliefs" title="Modern flat Earth beliefs">Flat Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Moon" title="Hollow Moon">Hollow Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptilian_conspiracy_theory" title="Reptilian conspiracy theory">Reptilians</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UFOs" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UFO_conspiracy_theories" title="UFO conspiracy theories">UFOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_abduction" title="Alien abduction">Alien abduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_51" title="Area 51">Area 51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_satellite_conspiracy_theory" title="Black Knight satellite conspiracy theory">Black Knight satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonnies#Cryptoterrestrial_hypothesis" title="Mac Tonnies">Cryptoterrestrial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrial hypothesis">Extraterrestrial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interdimensional_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdimensional hypothesis">Interdimensional hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulce_Base" title="Dulce Base">Dulce Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Sign" title="Project Sign"><i>Estimate of the Situation</i></a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan_Triangle" title="Lake Michigan Triangle">Lake Michigan Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majestic_12" title="Majestic 12">MJ-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_black" title="Men in black">Men in black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_UFOs" title="Nazi UFOs">Nazi UFOs</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Glocke_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Die Glocke (conspiracy theory)">Die Glocke</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience#Serpo" title="Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience">Project Serpo</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hoaxes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes" title="List of UFO-related hoaxes">Hoaxes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dundy_County_UFO_hoax" title="Dundy County UFO hoax">Dundy County</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maury_Island_incident" title="Maury Island incident">Maury Island</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell_incident#Roswell_in_UFO_conspiracy_theories_(1978–present)" title="Roswell incident">Roswell</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls_saucer_hoax" title="Twin Falls saucer hoax">Twin Falls</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec,_New_Mexico_crashed_saucer_hoax" title="Aztec, New Mexico crashed saucer hoax">Aztec, New Mexico</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_British_flying_saucer_hoax" title="1967 British flying saucer hoax">Southern England</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes#Photograph_of_"an_alien"_taken_at_Ilkley_Moor_(1987)" title="List of UFO-related hoaxes">Ilkley Moor</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Breeze_UFO_incident" title="Gulf Breeze UFO incident">Gulf Breeze</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Autopsy_(1995_film)" title="Alien Autopsy (1995 film)">Alien autopsy</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown_UFO_hoax" title="Morristown UFO hoax">Morristown</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Deaths_and_disappearances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Deaths and disappearances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">Assassination</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Assassination_theories" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince#Disappearance" title="Louis Le Prince">Louis Le Prince</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener#Death" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_legacy_of_Tom_Thomson#Alternative_theories" title="Death and legacy of Tom Thomson">Tom Thomson</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%27s_death_controversy" title="Władysław Sikorski's death controversy">Władysław Sikorski</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Benito_Mussolini#Post-war_controversy" title="Death of Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_Adolf_Hitler%27s_death" title="Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death">Adolf Hitler</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Death of Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Stompanato#Legacy_and_conspiracy_theories" title="Killing of Johnny Stompanato">Johnny Stompanato</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marilyn_Monroe#Conspiracy_theories" title="Death of Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">John F. Kennedy</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald#Foreign_involvement_in_his_murder" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri#Death" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Harold_Holt#Conspiracy_theories" title="Disappearance of Harold Holt">Harold Holt</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Death of Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_kidnapping_and_murder_of_Aldo_Moro" title="Conspiracy theories about the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renny_Ottolina#Death_and_legacy" title="Renny Ottolina">Renny Ottolina</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I_conspiracy_theories" title="Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories">Pope John Paul I</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airey_Neave#Conspiracy_theories" title="Airey Neave">Airey Neave</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Olof_Palme#Murder_theories" title="Assassination of Olof Palme">Olof Palme</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq#Theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEC-Marconi_scientist_deaths_conspiracy_theory" title="GEC-Marconi scientist deaths conspiracy theory">GEC-Marconi scientists</a> (1980s–90s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal#Death_and_exhumation" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Vince_Foster" title="Suicide of Vince Foster">Vince Foster</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kurt_Cobain" title="Suicide of Kurt Cobain">Kurt Cobain</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_death_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Estermann" title="Alois Estermann">Alois Estermann</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre#Conspiracy_theories" title="Nepalese royal massacre">Nepalese royal family</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cause_of_Yasser_Arafat%27s_death#Theories_about_the_cause_of_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Cause of Yasser Arafat's death">Yasser Arafat</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto#United_Nations_inquiry" title="Assassination of Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden_death_conspiracy_theories" title="Osama bin Laden death conspiracy theories">Osama bin Laden</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Seth Rich</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Castro_(activist)" title="Alejandro Castro (activist)">Alejandro Castro</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jeffrey_Epstein#Homicide_suspicions_and_conspiracy_theories" title="Death of Jeffrey Epstein">Jeffrey Epstein</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chan_Yin-lam" title="Death of Chan Yin-lam">Chan Yin-lam</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sushant_Singh_Rajput#Public_reactions" title="Death of Sushant Singh Rajput">Sushant Singh Rajput</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee#Death" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accidents / disasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Celeste#Myths_and_false_histories" title="Mary Celeste"><i>Mary Celeste</i></a> (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_conspiracy_theories" title="Titanic conspiracy theories">RMS <i>Titanic</i></a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake#Ensuing_violence" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">Great Kantō earthquake</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynmouth_Flood#Conspiracy_theory" title="Lynmouth Flood">Lynmouth Flood</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyatlov_Pass_incident" title="Dyatlov Pass incident">Dyatlov Pass</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Cosmonauts" title="Lost Cosmonauts">Lost Cosmonauts</a> (1950s–60s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAT_Flight_367#Shootdown_conspiracy_theory" title="JAT Flight 367">JAT Flight 367</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_553#Conspiracy_theories" title="United Air Lines Flight 553">United Air Lines Flight 553</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295#Theories_regarding_the_cause_of_the_fire" title="South African Airways Flight 295">South African Airways Flight 295</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamar-Daban_incident" title="Khamar-Daban incident">Khamar-Daban</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_MS_Estonia" title="Sinking of the MS Estonia">MS <i>Estonia</i></a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_800_conspiracy_theories" title="TWA Flight 800 conspiracy theories">TWA Flight 800</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990#Media_coverage" title="EgyptAir Flight 990">EgyptAir Flight 990</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories">Malaysia Airlines Flight 370</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_historical_interpretations_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> (1431)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Children_Affair" title="Yemenite Children Affair">Yemenite children</a> (1948–54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_sightings" title="Elvis sightings">Elvis Presley</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown#Conspiracy_theories" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Body double hoax</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_is_dead" title="Paul is dead">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_replacement_conspiracy_theory" title="Avril Lavigne replacement conspiracy theory">Avril Lavigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory_about_Vladimir_Putin%27s_body_doubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theory about Vladimir Putin's body doubles">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump_replacement_conspiracy_theory" title="Melania Trump replacement conspiracy theory">Melania Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Energy,_environment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Energy, environment</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_21#Opposition" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_drought_manipulation_conspiracy_theory" title="California drought manipulation conspiracy theory"> California drought manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change conspiracy theory">false theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_energy_suppression_conspiracy_theory" title="Free energy suppression conspiracy theory">Free energy suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program#Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program">HAARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_mercury" title="Red mercury">Red mercury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="False_flag_allegations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a> allegations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(1889)#False_flag_operation_conspiracy_theories" title="USS Maine (1889)">USS <i>Maine</i></a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Lusitania#Controversies" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichstag_fire#Dispute_about_Van_der_Lubbe's_role" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag fire</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory" title="Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory">Pearl Harbor</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident#Ongoing_controversy_and_unresolved_questions" title="USS Liberty incident">USS <i>Liberty</i></a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_Flight_615#Allegations_of_West_German_government_involvement" title="Lufthansa Flight 615">Lufthansa Flight 615</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wider%C3%B8e_Flight_933" title="Widerøe Flight 933">Widerøe Flight 933</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007_alternative_theories" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007 alternative theories">KAL Flight 007</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Mozambican_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash" title="1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash">Mozambican presidential jet</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103_conspiracy_theories" title="Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories">Pan Am Flight 103</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing_conspiracy_theories" title="Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories">Oklahoma City bombing</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 attacks</a> (2001) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theories" title="September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories">advance knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_controlled_demolition_conspiracy_theories" title="World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories">WTC collapse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_about_the_2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings">Madrid train bombing</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings#Conspiracy_theories" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">London bombings</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_air_disaster" title="Smolensk air disaster">Smolensk air disaster</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17#Russian_media_coverage" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of the 7 October attacks">Denial of the 7 October attacks</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Gender_and_sexuality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gender and sexuality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Alpha / beta males</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_chemicals_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBT chemicals conspiracy theory">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_panic" title="Drag panic">drag panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_agenda" title="Gay agenda">gay agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Nazis_myth" title="Gay Nazis myth">gay Nazis myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_HIV/AIDS#1981–1982:_From_GRID_to_AIDS" title="History of HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States#Public_perception" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric#Homintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">Homintern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric#Recruitment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">Recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_grooming_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT grooming conspiracy theory">Grooming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter_boxes_in_schools_hoax" title="Litter boxes in schools hoax">litter box hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvestigation" title="Transvestigation">Transvestigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_pinching_conspiracy_theory" title="Finger pinching conspiracy theory">Finger pinching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">GamerGate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incel#Ideology_present_in_incel_communities" title="Incel">Ideology in incel communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larries" title="Larries">Larries</a> / <a href="/wiki/Swifties#Gaylor" title="Swifties">Gaylors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_panic" title="Satanic panic">Satanic panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_boy" title="Soy boy">Soy and masculinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_misinformation" title="5G misinformation">5G misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">autism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic" title="Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic">in chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">misinformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspartame_controversy" title="Aspartame controversy">Aspartame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">vaccines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_cancer" title="Turbo cancer">turbo cancer</a></li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 misinformation in Canada">Canada</a> / <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines">Philippines</a> / <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_misinformation" title="Ebola misinformation">Ebola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_harassment" title="Electronic harassment">Electronic harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMO_conspiracy_theories" title="GMO conspiracy theories">GMOs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories" title="Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories">origins theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis" title="Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis">oral polio AIDS hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1321_lepers%27_plot" title="1321 lepers' plot">Lepers' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medbed" title="Medbed">Medbeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS_conspiracy_theory" title="SARS conspiracy theory">SARS</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Pont-Saint-Esprit_mass_poisoning" title="1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning">Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Race,_religion_and/or_ethnicity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Race, religion and/or ethnicity</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwa_Love_Trap_conspiracy_theory" title="Bhagwa Love Trap conspiracy theory">Bhagwa Love Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CERN_ritual_hoax" title="CERN ritual hoax">CERN ritual hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 and xenophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_conspiracy_theories" title="Masonic conspiracy theories">Freemasons</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masonic_conspiracy_theories_in_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masonic conspiracy theories in the French Revolution (page does not exist)">French Revolution</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ories_du_complot_ma%C3%A7onnique_dans_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" class="extiw" title="fr:Théories du complot maçonnique dans la Révolution française">fr</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_concentration_camp#Discredited_extermination_camp_story" title="Warsaw concentration camp">Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw</a></span> (1940s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_Losses" title="Other Losses">German POWs post-WWII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory_of_Sion" title="Priory of Sion">Priory of Sion</a></li> <li>Product labeling <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halal_conspiracy_theories" title="Halal conspiracy theories">Halal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tax_conspiracy_theory" title="Kosher tax conspiracy theory">Kosher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarian_Empire_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartarian Empire (conspiracy theory)">Tartarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Islam_controversy" title="War on Islam controversy">War against Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Antisemitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohen_Plan" title="Cohen Plan">Cohen Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">during the Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Team" title="Epsilon Team">Epsilon Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories" title="George Soros conspiracy theories">George Soros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_trivialization" title="Holocaust trivialization">Trivialization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewish conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_300" title="Committee of 300">Committee of 300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism" title="Cultural Bolshevism">Cultural Bolshevism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Jewish Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory" title="Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory">Judeo-Masonic plot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory" title="Jewish war conspiracy theory">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Z.O.G.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeopolonia" title="Judeopolonia">Judeopolonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Killing of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_family#Conspiracy_theories" title="Rothschild family">Rothschilds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian / <a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Anti-Catholic_conspiracy_theories" title="List of conspiracy theories">Anti-Catholic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_conspiracy_theories" title="Jesuit conspiracy theories">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popish_Plot" title="Popish Plot">Popish Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_conspiracy_theories" title="Vatican conspiracy theories">Vatican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_conspiracy_theory" title="Bible conspiracy theory">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_of_Giuseppe_Siri_theory" title="Papal election of Giuseppe Siri theory">Giuseppe Siri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpIndia#Bihar_human_sacrifice_claims" title="OpIndia">Bihar human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory" title="Eurabia conspiracy theory">Eurabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_jihad_conspiracy_theory" title="Love jihad conspiracy theory">Love jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamo-leftism#2021_proposed_Vidal_inquiry" title="Islamo-leftism">Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse_scandal" title="Trojan Horse scandal">Trojan Horse scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Template:Denial_of_mass_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Denial of mass killings">Denial of mass killings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide#Views_in_Pakistan" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_denial" title="Bosnian genocide denial">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide_denial" title="Cambodian genocide denial">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor_denial" title="Holodomor denial">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_denial" title="Nanjing Massacre denial">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide_denial" title="Rwandan genocide denial">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo#Denial_and_justification" title="Sayfo">Sayfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Serbs during WWII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cow_vigilante_violence_in_India" title="Cow vigilante violence in India">Cow vigilante violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Greater Bangladesh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinnahpur" title="Jinnahpur">Jinnahpur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallano_gold" title="Tallano gold">Tallano gold</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Korea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finger-pinching_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Finger-pinching conspiracy theory">Finger-pinching</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thailand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland_Plot" title="Finland Plot">Finland Plot</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas<br /><small>(outside the United States)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Canada_CF-105_Arrow#Cancellation" title="Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow">Avro Arrow cancellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuchter_report" title="Leuchter report">Leuchter report</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Matusita" title="Casa Matusita">Casa Matusita</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daktari_Ranch_affair" title="Daktari Ranch affair">Daktari Ranch affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golpe_Azul" title="Golpe Azul">Golpe Azul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East / North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_the_Arab_world" title="Conspiracy theories in the Arab world">In the Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_agorot_controversy" title="10 agorot controversy">10 agorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_fire#Conspiracy_theories" title="Cairo fire">Cairo fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissinger_Plan_in_Lebanon" title="Kissinger Plan in Lebanon">Kissinger Plan in Lebanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel-related_animal_conspiracy_theories" title="Israel-related animal conspiracy theories">Israel-related animal theories</a></li> <li>Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_overthrow_of_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories about the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Western-backed Iranian Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallywood" title="Pallywood">Pallywood</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_payment_conspiracy" title="Alaska payment conspiracy">Alaska payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulles%27_Plan" title="Dulles' Plan">Dulles' Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_billion" title="Golden billion">Golden billion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagantsev_conspiracy" title="Tagantsev conspiracy">Petrograd Military Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin" title="Grigori Rasputin">Rasputin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_Turkey" title="Conspiracy theories in Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt#Staged_coup_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 coup attempt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_(organization)" title="Ergenekon (organization)">Ergenekon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)" title="Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)">Operation Sledgehammer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests#Conspiracy_claims" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_syndrome" title="Sèvres syndrome">Sèvres syndrome</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Üst_akıl" title="List of conspiracy theories">Üst akıl</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euromyth" title="Euromyth">Euromyth</a></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_War_Party" title="Global War Party">Global War Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ireland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Plot_(Ireland)" title="German Plot (Ireland)">German Plot</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itavia_Flight_870" title="Itavia Flight 870">Itavia Flight 870</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lithuania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statesmen_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Statesmen (conspiracy theory)">Statesmen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Roman Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Catilinarian_conspiracy" title="First Catilinarian conspiracy">First Catilinarian conspiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mano_Negra_affair" title="Mano Negra affair">Mano Negra affair</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lilla_Saltsj%C3%B6badsavtalet" title="Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet">Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet</a></li></ul></li> <li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clockwork_Orange_(plot)" title="Clockwork Orange (plot)">Clockwork Orange plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_Guest_House_hoax" title="Elm Guest House hoax">Elm Guest House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson_plot_allegations" title="Harold Wilson plot allegations">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_pencil_conspiracy_theory" title="Voting pencil conspiracy theory">Voting pencil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_United_States_politics" title="Conspiracy theories in United States politics">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barack Obama <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Real_Father" title="Dreams from My Real Father">parentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_Barack_Obama_spying_on_Donald_Trump" title="Allegations of Barack Obama spying on Donald Trump">"Obamagate"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_helicopter" title="Black helicopter">Black helicopters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory" title="CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory">CIA and JFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_CIA_assistance_to_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden">CIA assistance to bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_body_count_conspiracy_theory" title="Clinton body count conspiracy theory">Clinton body count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Election denial movement in the United States">Election denial movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_secret_society_conspiracy_theory" title="FBI secret society conspiracy theory">FBI secret society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEMA_camps_conspiracy_theory" title="FEMA camps conspiracy theory">FEMA camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Guidestones#Conspiracy_theories" title="Georgia Guidestones">Georgia Guidestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Helm_15_conspiracy_theories" title="Jade Helm 15 conspiracy theories">Jade Helm 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauk_Project" title="Montauk Project">Montauk Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Experiment" title="Philadelphia Experiment">Philadelphia Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plan_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Plan (Washington, D.C.)">The Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Azorian" title="Project Azorian">Project Azorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_QAnon" title="Pastel QAnon">Pastel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_incidents_involving_QAnon" title="Timeline of incidents involving QAnon">incidents</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting_conspiracy_theories" title="Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories">Sandy Hook</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_pet-eating_hoax" title="Springfield pet-eating hoax">Springfield pet-eating hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vast_right-wing_conspiracy_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vast right-wing conspiracy (term)">"Vast right-wing conspiracy"</a></li> <li>Vietnam War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War_POW/MIA_issue" title="Vietnam War POW/MIA issue">POW/MIA issue</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2020_election" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Conspiracy_allegations" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italygate" title="Italygate">Italygate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Pence_Card" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">"Pence Card"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Maricopa_County_presidential_ballot_audit" title="2021 Maricopa County presidential ballot audit">Maricopa County ballot audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Stop_the_Steal" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Stop the Steal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Internet_theory" title="Dead Internet theory">Dead Internet theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NESARA" title="NESARA">NESARA/GESARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Coke#Conspiracy_theories" title="New Coke">New Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_time_conspiracy_theory" title="Phantom time conspiracy theory">Phantom time</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_chronology_(Fomenko)" title="New chronology (Fomenko)">New chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_government_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Shadow government (conspiracy theory)">Shadow government claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilderberg_Meeting#Conspiracy_theories" title="Bilderberg Meeting">Bilderberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminati" title="Illuminati">Illuminati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synarchism" title="Synarchism">synarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_authorship_question" title="Shakespeare authorship question">Shakespearean authorship</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law#Conspiracy_theory" title="Admiralty law">Admiralty law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_movement" title="Redemption movement">Redemption movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawman_theory" title="Strawman theory">Strawman theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_protester_conspiracy_arguments" title="Tax protester conspiracy arguments">Tax protesters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satirical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre_conspiracy" title="Acre conspiracy">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_conspiracy" title="Bielefeld conspiracy">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_Aren%27t_Real" title="Birds Aren't Real">Birds Aren't Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li%27s_field" title="Li's field">Li's field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz%E2%80%93Zodiac_Killer_meme" title="Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme">Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="See_also" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">See also</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_Encyclopedia" title="Conspiracy Encyclopedia">Conspiracy Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_fiction" title="Conspiracy fiction">Conspiracy fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspirituality" title="Conspirituality">Conspirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">Dogma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">pseudoskepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization" title="Online youth radicalization">Online youth radicalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalization" title="Radicalization">Radicalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_by_press_conference" title="Science by press conference">Science by press conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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Template:Navbox"," 5.76% 87.088 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.70% 86.208 4 Template:Sfn"," 5.23% 79.158 1 Template:Conspiracy_theories"," 5.17% 78.307 1 Template:Freemasonry"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.910","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12556381,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Third_Parties_We_Have_Known\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdams2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexander_Piatigorsky2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Historical_Association1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBentley1874\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBinningEsterlySracic1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouton1856\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrodie1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheathem2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCornog1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffy2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis1920\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFormisano2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFormisanoKutolowski1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldwag2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaynes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaywood1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHemenway1882\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamele1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipson1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassachusetts_Antimasonic_Republican_Convention1834\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinley1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLaughlin1914\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMihalkanin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan1827\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris_(1884)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMueller1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNathans1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeeley1846\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNiles1837\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeck1908\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPennsylvania_Bureau_of_Statistics1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolk,_James_K.1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPool1897\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRemini1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss1899\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScarry2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStahr2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStokes2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTillotson1920\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrefousse1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVermont_Secretary_of_State1902\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVolo2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeed1877\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWells1902\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 39,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 4,\n [\"Col-2\"] = 2,\n [\"Col-begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-end\"] = 1,\n [\"Color box\"] = 1,\n [\"Composition bar\"] = 14,\n [\"Conservatism US\"] = 1,\n [\"Conspiracy theories\"] = 1,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 3,\n [\"EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"End date and age\"] = 2,\n [\"Freemasonry\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox political party\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 2,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Party color\"] = 16,\n [\"Party shading/Democratic\"] = 9,\n [\"Party shading/Independent\"] = 1,\n [\"Party shading/Jacksonian\"] = 8,\n [\"Party shading/Whig\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 2,\n [\"Steady\"] = 6,\n [\"United States political parties\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"nowrap\"] = \"yes\",\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"nowrap\"] = \"yes\",\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-ns47v","timestamp":"20241125104609","ttl":479641,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Anti-Masonic Party","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Masonic_Party","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q574701","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q574701","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-03T17:10:51Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T16:06:04Z","headline":"American political party opposed to the Freemasons"}</script> </body> </html>