CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>EgyptAir Flight 990 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8949cfc8-2a7a-43b0-9c3c-0c2896a5341b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"EgyptAir_Flight_990","wgTitle":"EgyptAir Flight 990","wgCurRevisionId":1259398266,"wgRevisionId":1259398266,"wgArticleId":19512765,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use American English from March 2015","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from October 2020","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Egyptian Arabic-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links", "Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the National Transportation Safety Board","1999 in Egypt","1999 in Massachusetts","Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 767","Airliner accidents and incidents in Massachusetts","Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999","Conspiracy theories involving aviation incidents","Egypt–United States relations","EgyptAir accidents and incidents","Marine salvage operations","History of Nantucket, Massachusetts","October 1999 events in the United States","Airliner accidents and incidents involving deliberate crashes","Controversies in Egypt","1999 controversies in the United States"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"EgyptAir_Flight_990","wgRelevantArticleId":19512765,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{ "tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":40.347500000000004,"lon":-69.75666666666666},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q722529","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg/1200px-Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="803"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg/800px-Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="536"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg/640px-Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="428"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="EgyptAir Flight 990 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-EgyptAir_Flight_990 rootpage-EgyptAir_Flight_990 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=EgyptAir+Flight+990" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=EgyptAir+Flight+990" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=EgyptAir+Flight+990" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=EgyptAir+Flight+990" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cockpit_crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cockpit_crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Cockpit crew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cockpit_crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passengers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passengers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Passengers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passengers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Flight details</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flight_details-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flight details subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flight_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_dive_and_recovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_dive_and_recovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First dive and recovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_dive_and_recovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climb,_second_dive,_and_crash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climb,_second_dive,_and_crash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climb, second dive, and crash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climb,_second_dive,_and_crash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_traffic_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_traffic_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Air traffic control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_traffic_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight_recorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight_recorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Flight recorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_recorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Search-and-rescue_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search-and-rescue_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Search-and-rescue operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search-and-rescue_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Investigations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Investigations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defection_of_Hamdi_Hanafi_Taha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defection_of_Hamdi_Hanafi_Taha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Defection of Hamdi Hanafi Taha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defection_of_Hamdi_Hanafi_Taha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NTSB_investigation_and_conclusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NTSB_investigation_and_conclusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>NTSB investigation and conclusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NTSB_investigation_and_conclusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ECAA_investigation_and_conclusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ECAA_investigation_and_conclusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>ECAA investigation and conclusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ECAA_investigation_and_conclusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses_to_reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses_to_reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Responses to reports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responses_to_reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Media coverage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media coverage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_media_speculation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_media_speculation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Western media speculation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_media_speculation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egyptian_media_reaction_and_speculation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptian_media_reaction_and_speculation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Egyptian media reaction and speculation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptian_media_reaction_and_speculation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaction_of_the_Egyptian_public" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction_of_the_Egyptian_public"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Reaction of the Egyptian public</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction_of_the_Egyptian_public-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">EgyptAir Flight 990</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_990" title="مصر للطيران الرحلة 990 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مصر للطيران الرحلة 990" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misir_Hava_yollar%C4%B1_reys_990" title="Misir Hava yolları reys 990 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Misir Hava yolları reys 990" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_Boeing_767_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Катастрофа Boeing 767 пад Нантакетам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Катастрофа Boeing 767 пад Нантакетам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990" title="EgyptAir Flight 990 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="EgyptAir Flight 990" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt-Air-Flug_990" title="Egypt-Air-Flug 990 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Egypt-Air-Flug 990" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelo_990_de_Egyptair" title="Vuelo 990 de Egyptair – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vuelo 990 de Egyptair" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B0_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="پرواز ۹۹۰ هواپیمایی مصر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرواز ۹۹۰ هواپیمایی مصر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_EgyptAir_990" title="Vol EgyptAir 990 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vol EgyptAir 990" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Eitilt_990" title="EgyptAir Eitilt 990 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="EgyptAir Eitilt 990" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_990_de_EgyptAir" title="Voo 990 de EgyptAir – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Voo 990 de EgyptAir" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5_990%ED%8E%B8_%EC%B6%94%EB%9D%BD_%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0" title="이집트 항공 990편 추락 사고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이집트 항공 990편 추락 사고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BE_990_%D5%B9%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9" title="Եգիպտական ավիաուղիների թիվ 990 չվերթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եգիպտական ավիաուղիների թիվ 990 չվերթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Penerbangan_990" title="EgyptAir Penerbangan 990 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="EgyptAir Penerbangan 990" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volo_EgyptAir_990" title="Volo EgyptAir 990 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volo EgyptAir 990" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_990_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="טיסה 990 של איג'יפטאייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיסה 990 של איג'יפטאייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir-vlucht_990" title="EgyptAir-vlucht 990 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="EgyptAir-vlucht 990" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B8%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA990%E4%BE%BF%E5%A2%9C%E8%90%BD%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="エジプト航空990便墜落事故 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エジプト航空990便墜落事故" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katastrofa_lotu_EgyptAir_990" title="Katastrofa lotu EgyptAir 990 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katastrofa lotu EgyptAir 990" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_EgyptAir_990" title="Voo EgyptAir 990 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voo EgyptAir 990" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_Boeing_767_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Катастрофа Boeing 767 под Нантакетом – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Катастрофа Boeing 767 под Нантакетом" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAirin_lento_990" title="EgyptAirin lento 990 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="EgyptAirin lento 990" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990" title="EgyptAir Flight 990 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="EgyptAir Flight 990" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_Boeing_767_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Катастрофа Boeing 767 в Атлантичному океані – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Катастрофа Boeing 767 в Атлантичному океані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA990%E8%99%9F%E7%8F%AD%E6%A9%9F%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%A3" title="埃及航空990號班機空難 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃及航空990號班機空難" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q722529#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:EgyptAir_Flight_990" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/EgyptAir_Flight_990" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/EgyptAir_Flight_990" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&oldid=1259398266" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=EgyptAir_Flight_990&id=1259398266&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEgyptAir_Flight_990"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEgyptAir_Flight_990"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:EgyptAir_Flight_990" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q722529" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=EgyptAir_Flight_990&params=40_20_51_N_69_45_24_W_type:event_region:XA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°20′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">69°45′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.34750°N 69.75667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.34750; -69.75667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1999 plane crash of a Boeing 767 in the Atlantic Ocean</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn org summary" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;">EgyptAir Flight 990</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER;_SU-GAP@ZRH,_October_1999_BZS_(5552623021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg/260px-Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg/390px-Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg/520px-Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5121" data-file-height="3428" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.3em;">SU-GAP, the aircraft involved in the accident</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Occurrence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">October 31, 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Summary</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Crashed into the ocean as a result of first officer's flight control inputs for undetermined reasons, potential <a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_pilot" title="Suicide by pilot">suicide</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">NTSB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Site</th><td class="infobox-data flabel location" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bank" title="Georges Bank">Georges Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi) south of <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a> <br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=EgyptAir_Flight_990&params=40_20_51_N_69_45_24_W_type:event_region:XA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°20′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">69°45′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.34750°N 69.75667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.34750; -69.75667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Aircraft</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Aircraft type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_767" title="Boeing 767">Boeing 767-366ER</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Aircraft name</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Thuthmosis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuthmosis III">Thuthmosis III</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir" class="mw-redirect" title="EgyptAir">EgyptAir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">IATA flight No.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">MS990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">ICAO flight No.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">MSR990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Call sign</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">EGYPTAIR 990 HEAVY</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">Registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">SU-GAP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Flight origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Stopover</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_state" class="mw-redirect" title="New York state">New York</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Destination</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Cairo_International_Airport" title="Cairo International Airport">Cairo International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Occupants</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">217</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Passengers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">203</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">217</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Survivors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">0</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>EgyptAir Flight 990</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<b>MSR990</b>) was a scheduled flight from <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cairo_International_Airport" title="Cairo International Airport">Cairo International Airport</a>, with a stop at <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a>, New York City. On October 31, 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_767-300ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 767-300ER">Boeing 767-300ER</a> operating the route crashed into the Atlantic Ocean about 60 miles (100 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a> Island, Massachusetts, killing all 217 passengers and crew on board, making it the deadliest aviation disaster for <a href="/wiki/Egyptair" title="Egyptair">EgyptAir</a>, and also the second-deadliest aviation accident involving a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_767" title="Boeing 767">Boeing 767</a> aircraft, behind <a href="/wiki/Lauda_Air_Flight_004" title="Lauda Air Flight 004">Lauda Air Flight 004</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-excl911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excl911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the crash occurred in <a href="/wiki/International_waters" title="International waters">international waters</a>, it was investigated by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)">Ministry of Civil Aviation</a>'s Egyptian Civil Aviation Agency (ECAA) and the American <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a> (NTSB) under <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> rules. As the ECAA lacked the resources of the NTSB, the Egyptian government asked the American government to have the NTSB handle the investigation. </p><p>Two weeks after the crash, the NTSB proposed that they hand the investigation over to the United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI), as all of the evidence that they had collected up until that point suggested that a <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">criminal act</a> had taken place, and that the crash was the result of an intentional act, rather than an accident. </p><p>The Egyptian authorities refused to accept this idea, and repeatedly declined the proposal to hand the investigation over to the FBI. As a result, the NTSB was forced to continue the investigation alone, despite it falling outside of their investigative purview. </p><p>The NTSB found that the cause of the accident was the airplane's departure from normal <a href="/wiki/Cruise_(aeronautics)" title="Cruise (aeronautics)">cruise flight</a> and subsequent impact with the Atlantic Ocean "as a result of the relief <a href="/wiki/First_officer_(aviation)" title="First officer (aviation)">first officer</a>'s flight control inputs". However they were ultimately unable to determine any specific reason for his alleged actions.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ECAA independently concluded that the incident was caused by mechanical failure of the aircraft's <a href="/wiki/Elevator_(aeronautics)" title="Elevator (aeronautics)">elevator</a> control system. The Egyptian report suggested several possibilities for the cause of the accident, focusing on the possible failure of one of the right elevator's power control units.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ecaa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However the NTSB continues to dispute the findings of the ECAA report, claiming that there is no possible explanation for the flight's final movements, other than an intentional human act.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The aircraft involved was a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_767" title="Boeing 767">Boeing 767-366ER</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serial_number" title="Serial number">serial number</a> 24542, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">registered</a> as SU-GAP, named <i><a href="/wiki/Tuthmosis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuthmosis III">Thuthmosis III</a></i> after a pharaoh from the 18th Dynasty. The aircraft had logged approximately 33219 airframe hours and 7556 takeoff and landing cycles. The aircraft, a stretched, extended-range version of the standard 767, was the 282nd 767 built. It was delivered to EgyptAir as a new aircraft on September 26, 1989, and was also equipped with two <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW4000" title="Pratt & Whitney PW4000">Pratt & Whitney PW4060</a> engines.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cockpit_crew">Cockpit crew</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cockpit crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flight 990's cockpit crew consisted of 57-year-old Captain Ahmed El-Habashi, 36-year-old First Officer Adel Anwar, who was switching duty with another co-pilot so he could return home in time for his wedding, 52-year-old relief Captain Raouf Nour El Din, 59-year-old relief First Officer <a href="/wiki/Gameel_Al-Batouti" title="Gameel Al-Batouti">Gameel Al-Batouti</a>, and the airline's chief pilot for the Boeing 767, Captain Hatem Rushdy. Captain El-Habashi was a veteran pilot who had been with EgyptAir for 36 years and had accumulated about 14,400 total flight hours, more than 6,300 of which were on the 767. Relief First Officer Al-Batouti had close to 5,200 flight hours in the 767 and a total of roughly 12,500 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the 10-hour scheduled flight time, the flight required two complete flight crews, each consisting of one <a href="/wiki/Captain_(civil_aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (civil aviation)">captain</a> and one <a href="/wiki/First_Officer_(civil_aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Officer (civil aviation)">first officer</a>. EgyptAir designated one crew as the "active crew" and the other as the "cruise crew", sometimes also referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/In-flight_crew_relief" title="In-flight crew relief">relief crew</a>". While no formal procedure specified when each crew flew the aircraft, the active crew customarily made the takeoff and flew the first four to five hours of the flight. The cruise crew then assumed control of the aircraft until about one to two hours before landing, when the active crew returned to the cockpit and assumed control of the aircraft. EgyptAir designated the captain of the active crew as the <a href="/wiki/Pilot_in_command" title="Pilot in command">pilot-in-command</a> or the commander of the flight.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the cruise crew was intended to take over far into the flight, relief first officer Al-Batouti entered the cockpit and recommended that he relieve the command first officer 20 minutes after takeoff. Command first officer Anwar initially protested, but eventually relented.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Passengers">Passengers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Passengers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flight was carrying 203 passengers from seven countries: <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, the United States, and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>. Of the 217 people on board, 100 were American, 89 were Egyptian (75 passengers, 14 crew), 21 were Canadian, and seven were of other nationalities.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the American passengers,<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (of which many were elderly) were booked with the tour group Grand Circle Travel for a 14-day trip to Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Swanson_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 203 passengers, 32 boarded in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>; the rest boarded in New York. Four were nonrevenue EgyptAir crew members.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in the passenger manifest were 33 Egyptian military officers returning from a training exercise; among them were two brigadier generals, a colonel, a major, and four other air force officers. After the crash, newspapers in Cairo were prevented by censors from reporting the officers' presence on the flight.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:85%; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nation</th> <th>Number </th></tr> <tr> <td>United States</td> <td style="text-align:center;">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egypt</td> <td style="text-align:center;">89 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada</td> <td style="text-align:center;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Syria</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zimbabwe</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Total</b></th> <th style="text-align:center;"><b>217</b> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The authorities at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) used the <a href="/wiki/Ramada_Plaza_JFK_Hotel" title="Ramada Plaza JFK Hotel">Ramada Plaza JFK Hotel</a> to house relatives and friends of the victims of the crash. Due to its similar role after several aircraft crashes, the Ramada became known as the "Heartbreak Hotel".<sup id="cite_ref-CNNFamiliarTrag_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNFamiliarTrag-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AdamsonPhilly_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdamsonPhilly-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flight_details">Flight details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flight details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At 1:20 am EST (06:20 UTC), the aircraft took off from JFK's runway 22R. At 1:44, the flight reached its cruising altitude of 33,000 feet. At 1:48, captain El-Habashi left the cockpit and went to the lavatory. During that time, relief first officer Al-Batouti was alone in the cockpit. At 1:48:39, he began to exclaim, "I rely on God," and, at 1:49:45, disengaged the autopilot. The autopilot-disengagement warning was not heard on the CVR, indicating that the autopilot was disengaged manually,<sup id="cite_ref-autopilot_disconnect_method_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autopilot_disconnect_method-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, for the next 10 seconds, the aircraft remained in straight and level flight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_dive_and_recovery">First dive and recovery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First dive and recovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At 1:49:53, the throttles of both engines were moved to idle, and, 1 second later, the aircraft entered an increasingly steep dive, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Weightlessness" title="Weightlessness">weightlessness</a> (zero-g) throughout the cabin. Despite this, the captain was able to fight the lack of gravity and re-enter the cockpit. The speed of the 767 was now dangerously close to the sound barrier, exceeding its design limits and beginning to weaken its airframe. At 1:50:19, the flight reached its maximum rate of descent, 39,000 feet (12,000 m) per minute. Between 1:50:21 and 1:50:23, as the captain began to pull back on his control column while relief first officer Al-Batouti moved both engines' start levers from the "run" to the "cutoff" position, shutting off fuel flow to the engines. Immediately afterwards, the captain pushed both throttles to their maximum position, but this had no effect, due to the engines' fuel supply having been cut off. The captain then deployed the <a href="/wiki/Speedbrake" class="mw-redirect" title="Speedbrake">speedbrakes</a>, which slowed the aircraft's dive, bringing it back to a safer speed. Without fuel, both engines then ran down to a stop, causing the aircraft to lose all electrical power, including to both <a href="/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">flight recorders</a> and the aircraft's <a href="/wiki/Transponder_(aeronautics)" title="Transponder (aeronautics)">transponder</a>; the last <a href="/wiki/Secondary_surveillance_radar" title="Secondary surveillance radar">secondary radar</a> return from the flight was received at 1:50:34, the FDR stopped recording at 1:50:36, and the CVR stopped recording at 1:50:38, approximately when the aircraft pulled out from the first dive.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 6, 21, 25">: 6, 21, 25 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climb,_second_dive,_and_crash"><span id="Climb.2C_second_dive.2C_and_crash"></span>Climb, second dive, and crash</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climb, second dive, and crash"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the loss of electrical power, the flight recorders stopped recording by 1:50:38; thus, all that is known from this point on is based on <a href="/wiki/Primary_radar" title="Primary radar">primary radar</a> returns from the aircraft (produced by the reflection of radar waves from its surface) and on the distribution of its wreckage. Radar data indicated that, at approximately 1:50:38, the aircraft entered a steep climb, presumably due to the abrupt maneuvers made by the flightcrew to recover from the dive. Between 1:50:38 and 1:51:15, the 767 climbed from 16,000 feet (4,900 m) back to 25,000 feet (7,600 m), during which time its heading changed from 80° to 140°. </p><p>At 1:51:15, the aircraft entered another steep dive, with an average descent rate of around 20,000 feet (6,100 m) per minute. At some point during the final descent, the left engine and some other small pieces of debris separated from the aircraft due to the extreme <a href="/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)" title="Stress (mechanics)">structural stresses</a> produced during the dive.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stress placed on the airframe caused structural integrity to fail at approximately 10,000 feet. The aircraft sections impacted the ocean at approximately 1:52 am EST, with the last primary radar return from the aircraft being received at 1:52:05. All 217 people on board were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_traffic_control">Air traffic control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Air traffic control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Msr990-ntsb-f1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Msr990-ntsb-f1.jpeg/220px-Msr990-ntsb-f1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Msr990-ntsb-f1.jpeg/330px-Msr990-ntsb-f1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Msr990-ntsb-f1.jpeg/440px-Msr990-ntsb-f1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Flight profile of EgyptAir Flight 990 (source: NTSB)</figcaption></figure> <p>US <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic controllers</a> provided transatlantic flight-control operations as a part of the New York Air Route Traffic Control Center (referred to in radio conversations simply as "Center" and abbreviated in the reports as "ZNY"). The airspace is divided into "areas", and "Area F" was the section that oversaw the airspace through which Flight 990 was flying. Transatlantic commercial air traffic travels via a system of routes called the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Tracks" title="North Atlantic Tracks">North Atlantic Tracks</a>, and Flight 990 was the only aircraft at the time assigned to fly North Atlantic Track Zulu. Also, a number of military operations areas are over the Atlantic, called "warning areas", which are also monitored by New York Center, but records show that these were inactive the night of the accident.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interaction between ZNY and Flight 990 was completely routine. After takeoff, Flight 990 was handled by three different controllers as it climbed up in stages to its assigned cruising altitude.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft, like all commercial airliners, was equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Transponder_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transponder (aviation)">Mode C transponder</a>, which automatically reported the plane's altitude when queried by the ATC radar. At 01:44, the transponder indicated that Flight 990 had leveled off at <a href="/wiki/Flight_level" title="Flight level">FL</a>330. Three minutes later, the controller requested that Flight 990 switch communications radio frequencies for better reception. A pilot on Flight 990 acknowledged on the new frequency. This was the last transmission received from the flight.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The records of the radar returns then indicate a sharp descent, with the plane dropping 14,600 ft (4,500 m) in 36 seconds before its last altitude report at 06:50:29 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> (UTC; 01:50:29 <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Standard Time</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several subsequent "primary" returns (simple radar reflections without the encoded Mode C altitude information) were received by ATC, the last being at 06:52:05. At 06:54, the ATC controller tried notifying Flight 990 that radar contact had been lost, but received no reply.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two minutes later, the controller contacted <a href="/wiki/ARINC" title="ARINC">ARINC</a> to determine if Flight 990 had switched to an oceanic frequency too early. ARINC attempted to contact Flight 990 on <a href="/wiki/SELCAL" title="SELCAL">SELCAL</a>, also with no response. The controller then contacted a nearby aircraft, <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> Flight 499 (LH 499), a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> en route from <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, and asked the flight's crew to try to raise Flight 990, but they were unable to make radio contact, although they also reported they were not receiving any <a href="/wiki/Emergency_locator_transmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency locator transmitter">emergency locator transmitter</a> signals. <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> Flight 439, another Boeing 747 en route from Mexico City to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, was then asked to overfly the last known position of Flight 990, but that crew reported nothing out of the ordinary. Center also provided coordinates of Flight 990's last known position to Coast Guard rescue aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_recorders">Flight recorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Flight recorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:990fdr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/990fdr.png/220px-990fdr.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/990fdr.png/330px-990fdr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/990fdr.png/440px-990fdr.png 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Readout of flight data recorder (with portions of the cockpit voice recorder transcript) from EgyptAir Flight 990 by the NTSB (Source: NTSB)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EgyptAir_990_Flight_Data_Recorder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/EgyptAir_990_Flight_Data_Recorder.jpg/220px-EgyptAir_990_Flight_Data_Recorder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/EgyptAir_990_Flight_Data_Recorder.jpg/330px-EgyptAir_990_Flight_Data_Recorder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/EgyptAir_990_Flight_Data_Recorder.jpg/440px-EgyptAir_990_Flight_Data_Recorder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The damaged flight recorder of SU-GAP</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cockpit_voice_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockpit voice recorder">cockpit voice recorder</a> (CVR) recorded the captain excusing himself to go to the lavatory, followed 30 seconds later by the first officer saying in Egyptian Arabic "<span title="Egyptian Arabic-language text"><i lang="arz-Latn">Tawkalt ala Allah</i></span>", which can be translated as "I put my trust in God" or "I rely on God". A minute later, the autopilot was disengaged, immediately followed by the first officer again repeating the same Arabic phrase. Three seconds later, the throttles for both engines were reduced to idle, and both elevators were moved 3° nose down. The first officer repeated "I rely on God" seven more times before the captain suddenly asked repeatedly, "What's happening, what's happening?" The flight data recorder (FDR) reflected that the elevators then moved into a split condition, with the left elevator up and the right elevator down, a condition that is expected to result when the two control columns are subjected to at least 50 pounds-force (220 newtons) of opposing force.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point, both engines were shut down by moving the start levers from run to cutoff. The captain asked, "What is this? What is this? Did you shut the engines?" The captain is then recorded as saying, "get away in the engines" (this is the literal translation that appears in the NTSB transcript), followed by "shut the engines". The first officer replies "It's shut". The final recorded words are the captain repeatedly stating, "Pull with me" but the FDR data indicated that the elevator surfaces remained in a split condition (with the left surface commanding nose up and the right surface commanding nose down) until the FDR and CVR stopped recording. No other aircraft were in the area, and no indication was given that an explosion occurred on board. The engines operated normally for the entire flight until they were shut down. From the presence of a western debris field about 1,200 ft (370 m) from the eastern debris field, the NTSB concluded that the left engine and some small pieces of wreckage separated from the aircraft before water impact.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Search-and-rescue_operations">Search-and-rescue operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Search-and-rescue operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EgyptAir_Flight_990_Search_and_Rescue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/EgyptAir_Flight_990_Search_and_Rescue.jpg/220px-EgyptAir_Flight_990_Search_and_Rescue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/EgyptAir_Flight_990_Search_and_Rescue.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="172" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Cutter" title="United States Coast Guard Cutter">U.S. Coast Guard cutters</a> <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Monomoy_(WPB-1326)" title="USCGC Monomoy (WPB-1326)"><i>Monomoy</i> (WPB-1326)</a> (foreground) and <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Spencer_(WMEC-905)" title="USCGC Spencer (WMEC-905)"><i>Spencer</i> (WMEC-905)</a> searching for survivors of the crash.</figcaption></figure> <p>The aircraft crashed in international waters, so the Egyptian government had the right to initiate its own <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a> and investigation. Because the government did not have the resources to salvage the aircraft, the Egyptian government requested that the United States lead the investigation. The Egyptian government signed a letter formally ceding responsibility of investigating the accident to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Search-and-rescue operations were launched within minutes of the loss of radar contact, with the bulk of the operation being conducted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a>. At 03:00 EST, an <a href="/wiki/HU-25_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="HU-25 Falcon">HU-25 Falcon</a> jet took off from <a href="/wiki/Air_Station_Cape_Cod" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Station Cape Cod">Air Station Cape Cod</a>, becoming the first rescue party to reach the last known position of the plane. All <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Cutter" title="United States Coast Guard Cutter">U.S. Coast Guard cutters</a> in the area were immediately diverted to search for the aircraft, and an urgent marine information broadcast was issued, requesting mariners in the area to keep a lookout for the downed aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wreckage_from_the_EgyptAir_Flight_990_accident.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wreckage_from_the_EgyptAir_Flight_990_accident.jpg/220px-Wreckage_from_the_EgyptAir_Flight_990_accident.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wreckage_from_the_EgyptAir_Flight_990_accident.jpg/330px-Wreckage_from_the_EgyptAir_Flight_990_accident.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wreckage_from_the_EgyptAir_Flight_990_accident.jpg/440px-Wreckage_from_the_EgyptAir_Flight_990_accident.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption>Recovered wreckage from Flight 990</figcaption></figure> <p>At sunrise, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">United States Merchant Marine Academy</a> training vessel <a href="/wiki/USNS_Contender_(T-AGOS-2)" class="mw-redirect" title="USNS Contender (T-AGOS-2)">T/V <i>Kings Pointer</i></a> found an oil sheen and some small pieces of debris. Rescue efforts continued by air and by sea, with a group of U.S. Coast Guard cutters covering 10,000 sq mi (26,000 km<sup>2</sup>) on October 31, 1999, with the hope of locating survivors, but no bodies were recovered from the debris field. Eventually, most passengers were identified by DNA from fractured remains recovered from the debris field and the ocean floor. <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Strike_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Strike Team">Atlantic Strike Team</a> members brought two truckloads of equipment from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Dix,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Dix, New Jersey">Fort Dix, New Jersey</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, to set up an incident command post. Officials from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> and the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA) were dispatched to join the command. The search-and-rescue operation was suspended on November 1, 1999, with the rescue vessels and aircraft moving instead to recovery operations.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EgyptAir_990_fuselage_section_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/EgyptAir_990_fuselage_section_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Fuselage section of Flight 990 recovered from the international waters</figcaption></figure> <p>The U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Rescue_and_salvage_ship" title="Rescue and salvage ship">rescue and salvage ship</a> <a href="/wiki/USNS_Grapple" title="USNS Grapple">USS <i>Grapple</i> (ARS-53)</a>, the U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Fleet_ocean_tug" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet ocean tug">fleet ocean tug</a> <a href="/wiki/USNS_Mohawk" title="USNS Mohawk">USNS <i>Mohawk</i> (T-ATF-170)</a>, and the NOAA <a href="/wiki/Survey_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey ship">survey ship</a> <a href="/wiki/NOAAS_Whiting_(S_329)" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAAS Whiting (S 329)">NOAAS <i>Whiting</i> (S 329)</a> arrived to take over salvage efforts, including recovery of the bulk of the wreckage from the seabed. The FDR and CVR were recovered within days by the U.S. Navy's <a href="/wiki/Deep_Drone" title="Deep Drone">Deep Drone III</a> submersible. In total, a <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a>, an <a href="/wiki/H-60" class="mw-redirect" title="H-60">H-60</a> <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/HU-25_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="HU-25 Falcon">HU-25 Falcon</a>, and the U.S. Coast Guard cutters <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Monomoy_(WPB-1326)" title="USCGC Monomoy (WPB-1326)">USCGC <i>Monomoy</i> (WPB-1326)</a>, <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Spencer_(WMEC-905)" title="USCGC Spencer (WMEC-905)">USCGC <i>Spencer</i> (WMEC-905)</a>, <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Reliance_(WMEC-615)" title="USCGC Reliance (WMEC-615)">USCGC <i>Reliance</i> (WMEC-615)</a>, <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Bainbridge_Island_(WPB-1343)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Bainbridge Island (WPB-1343)">USCGC <i>Bainbridge Island</i> (WPB-1343)</a>, <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Juniper_(WLB-201)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Juniper (WLB-201)">USCGC <i>Juniper</i> (WLB-201)</a>, <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Point_Highland_(WPB-82333)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Point Highland (WPB-82333)">USCGC <i>Point Highland</i> (WPB-82333)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USCGC_Chinook_(WPB-87308)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USCGC Chinook (WPB-87308) (page does not exist)">USCGC <i>Chinook</i> (WPB-87308)</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=USCGC_Hammerhead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USCGC Hammerhead (page does not exist)">USCGC <i>Hammerhead</i></a>, along with their supporting helicopters, participated in the search.<sup id="cite_ref-USCG_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCG-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second salvage effort was made in March 2000 that recovered the aircraft's second engine and some of the cockpit controls.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian000508_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian000508-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigations">Investigations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fbi_egypt_air_990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fbi_egypt_air_990.jpg/220px-Fbi_egypt_air_990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fbi_egypt_air_990.jpg/330px-Fbi_egypt_air_990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fbi_egypt_air_990.jpg/440px-Fbi_egypt_air_990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>An FBI agent tags the <a href="/wiki/Cockpit_voice_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockpit voice recorder">cockpit voice recorder</a> from EgyptAir Flight 990 on the deck of the <a href="/wiki/USNS_Grapple_(T-ARS-53)" class="mw-redirect" title="USNS Grapple (T-ARS-53)">USS <i>Grapple</i> (ARS 53)</a> at the crash site on November 13, 1999</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> treaty, the investigation of an aircraft crash in international waters is under the jurisdiction of the country of registry of the aircraft. At the request of the Egyptian government, the US NTSB took the lead in this investigation, with the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Civil_Aviation_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority">Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority</a> (ECAA) participating. The investigation was supported by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>, the United States Coast Guard, the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Defense">US Department of Defense</a>, NOAA, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Commercial_Airplanes" title="Boeing Commercial Airplanes">Boeing Commercial Airplanes</a>, EgyptAir, and <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a> Aircraft Engines.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, there was speculation that the crash was related to the 1991 crash of <a href="/wiki/Lauda_Air_Flight_004" title="Lauda Air Flight 004">Lauda Air Flight 004</a>, which was caused by an uncommanded <a href="/wiki/Thrust_reversal" title="Thrust reversal">thrust reverser</a> deployment, leading to a similar nose dive from cruising altitude. The two 767s involved were assembled back-to-back and had identical <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW4000" title="Pratt & Whitney PW4000">Pratt & Whitney PW4000</a> engines.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Article_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Article-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Partners_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partners-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two weeks after the crash, the NTSB proposed declaring the crash a criminal event and handing the investigation over to the FBI. Egyptian government officials protested, and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a>, head of Egyptian intelligence, traveled to Washington to join the investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian000508_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian000508-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defection_of_Hamdi_Hanafi_Taha">Defection of Hamdi Hanafi Taha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Defection of Hamdi Hanafi Taha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2000, EgyptAir 767 captain Hamdi Hanafi Taha sought political asylum in London after landing his aircraft there. In his statement to British authorities, he claimed to have knowledge of the circumstances behind the crash of Flight 990. Taha attested that first officer Gameel Al-Batouti had intentionally crashed the plane to exact revenge on an airline executive, who had recently demoted Al-Batouti, and happened to be on board.<sup id="cite_ref-gamilalbatouti_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamilalbatouti-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taha also is reported to have said that he wanted to "stop all lies about the disaster," and to put much of the blame on EgyptAir management.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian000508_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian000508-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Osama_El-Baz" title="Osama El-Baz">Osama El-Baz</a>, an adviser to Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>, said, "This pilot can't know anything about the plane; the chances that he has any information [about the crash of Flight 990] are very slim."<sup id="cite_ref-ahram1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahram1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EgyptAir officials also immediately dismissed Taha's claim.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc000206_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc000206-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American investigators confirmed key aspects of Taha's information, but decided not to anger the Egyptian government further by issuing any official statement about Al-Batouti's motive.<sup id="cite_ref-gamilalbatouti_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamilalbatouti-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EgyptAir terminated Taha's employment,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his application for British asylum was reportedly declined,<sup id="cite_ref-guardian000508_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian000508-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though he gave an extensive 2002 newspaper interview in London<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was featured in a 2005 documentary.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NTSB_investigation_and_conclusion">NTSB investigation and conclusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: NTSB investigation and conclusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SU-GAP_right_engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/SU-GAP_right_engine.jpg/220px-SU-GAP_right_engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/SU-GAP_right_engine.jpg/330px-SU-GAP_right_engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/SU-GAP_right_engine.jpg/440px-SU-GAP_right_engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Right engine from wreckage of SU-GAP</figcaption></figure> <p>The NTSB investigation centered on the actions of the relief first officer, Gameel Al-Batouti. The NTSB determined that the only way for the observed split elevator condition to occur was if the left seat pilot (the captain's position) was commanding nose up while the right seat pilot (the first officer's position) commanded nose down. As the Egyptian investigation forwarded various mechanical failure scenarios, they were each tested by the NTSB and found not to match the factual evidence. The NTSB concluded that no mechanical failure scenario either they or the Egyptian investigation could come up with matched the evidence on the ground, and that even if mechanical failure was a factor, the 767's design would have made the situation recoverable.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NTSB's final report was issued on March 21, 2002, after a two-year investigation. The NTSB concluded that the probable cause of the crash was the relief first officer's actions, but it did not determine the reason for those actions.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the NTSB report's "Summary" section: </p> <blockquote><p> 1. The accident airplane's nose-down movements did not result from a failure in the elevator control system or any other airplane failure. </p><p>2. The accident airplane's movements during the initial part of the accident sequence were the result of the relief first officer's manipulation of the controls. </p><p> 3. The accident airplane's movements after the command captain returned to the cockpit were the result of both pilots' inputs, including opposing elevator inputs where the relief first officer continued to command nose-down and the captain commanded nose-up elevator movements.</p></blockquote> <p>From the NTSB report's "Probable Cause" section: </p> <blockquote><p> The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the EgyptAir flight 990 accident is the airplane's departure from normal cruise flight and subsequent impact with the Atlantic Ocean as a result of the relief first officer's flight control inputs. The reason for the relief first officer's actions was not determined.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ECAA_investigation_and_conclusion">ECAA investigation and conclusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: ECAA investigation and conclusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After formally ceding responsibility for the investigation of the accident to the NTSB, the Egyptian authorities became increasingly unhappy with the direction the investigation was heading, and launched their own investigation in the weeks following the accident. The ECAA report concluded that "the Relief First Officer did not deliberately dive the airplane into the ocean" and that mechanical failure was "a plausible and likely cause of the accident".<sup id="cite_ref-ecaa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Langewiesche" title="William Langewiesche">William Langewiesche</a>, an aviation journalist, said: "[I]n the case of the Egyptians, they were following a completely different line of thinking. It seemed to me that they knew very well that their man, Batouti, had done this. They were pursuing a political agenda that was driven by the need to answer to their higher-ups in a very pyramidal, autocratic political structure. The word had been passed down from on high, probably from Mubarak himself, that there was no way that Batouti, the co-pilot, could have done this. For the accident investigators in Egypt, the game then became not pursuing the truth, but backing the official line."<sup id="cite_ref-CultureCrash_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureCrash-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responses_to_reports">Responses to reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Responses to reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NTSB investigation and its results drew criticism from the Egyptian government, which advanced several alternative theories about mechanical malfunction of the aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-ecaa_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theories proposed by Egyptian authorities were tested by the NTSB, but none was found to match the facts. For example, an elevator assembly hardover (in which the elevator in a fully extended position sticks because the hinge catches on the tail frame) proposed by the Egyptians was discounted because the flight recorder data showed the elevator was in a "split condition". In this state, one side of the elevator is up and the other down; on the 767, this condition is only possible through flight control input (i.e., one yoke is pushed forward, the other pulled backward).<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some evidence indicated that one of the right elevator's power control units may have suffered a malfunction, and the Egyptian investigation mentioned this as a likely cause of the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-ecaa_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecaa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While noting that the damage did indeed exist, the NTSB countered that it was more likely a result of the crash rather than a pre-existing problem, as the 767 is designed to remain airworthy even with two PCUs failed.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Media coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the official investigation was proceeding, speculation about the crash ran rampant in both Western and Egyptian media. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_media_speculation">Western media speculation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Western media speculation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Long before the NTSB issued its final report, Western media began to speculate about the meaning of the <a href="#Flight_recorders">recorded</a> cockpit conversations and about possible motives – including suicide and terrorism – behind Al-Batouti's actions on the flight. The speculation, in part, was based on leaks from an unnamed federal law-enforcement official that the crew member in the co-pilot's seat was recorded as saying, "I made my decision now. I put my faith in God's hands."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a press conference held on November 19, 1999, NTSB chairman Jim Hall denounced such speculation, and said that it had "done a disservice to the long-standing friendship between the people of the United States of America and Egypt."<sup id="cite_ref-cairo1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairo1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 20, 1999, the Associated Press quoted senior American officials as saying that the quotation was not in fact on the recording.<sup id="cite_ref-cairo1_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairo1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that the speculation arose from a mistranslation of an Egyptian Arabic phrase (<i>Tawkalt ala Allah</i>) meaning "I rely on God."<sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>London's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">Sunday Times</a></i>, quoting unnamed sources, speculated that the relief first officer had been "traumatized by war," and was depressed because many members of his fighter squadron in the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">1973 war</a> had been killed.<sup id="cite_ref-cairo2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairo2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unprecedented presence of 33 members of the Egyptian general staff on the flight (contrary to standard operating procedure) fed a number of conspiracy theories. Some opined that it was an action (and potentially a conspiracy) of Muslim extremists against Egypt. Others countered that <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> had targeted them.<sup id="cite_ref-Trinity_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trinity-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egyptian_media_reaction_and_speculation">Egyptian media reaction and speculation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Egyptian media reaction and speculation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Egyptian media reacted with outrage to the speculations in the Western press. The state-owned <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahram" title="Al-Ahram">Al Ahram Al Misri</a></i> called Al-Batouti a "martyr", and the Islamist <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Shaab_(newspaper)" title="Al Shaab (newspaper)">Al Shaab</a></i> covered the story under a headline that stated, "America's goal is to hide the truth by blaming the EgyptAir pilot."<sup id="cite_ref-cairo1_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairo1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least two Egyptian newspapers, <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Gomhuria" title="Al Gomhuria">Al Gomhuria</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Musawar" title="Al-Musawar">Al-Musawar</a></i>, offered theories that the aircraft was accidentally shot down by the US.<sup id="cite_ref-cairo1_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairo1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other theories were advanced by the Egyptian press, as well, including the Islamist <i>Al Shaab</i>, which speculated that a Mossad/<a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> conspiracy was to blame (since, supposedly, EgyptAir and <a href="/wiki/El_Al" title="El Al">El Al</a> crews stayed at the same hotel in New York). <i>Al Shaab</i> also accused US officials of secretly recovering the FDR, reprogramming it, and throwing it back into the water to be publicly recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-cairo1_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairo1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unifying all the Egyptian press was a stridently held belief that "it is inconceivable that a pilot would kill himself by crashing a jet with 217 people aboard. 'It is not possible that anyone who would commit suicide would also kill so many innocent people alongside him,' said Ehab William, a surgeon at Cairo's Anglo-American Hospital."<sup id="cite_ref-cairo1_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairo1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Egyptian media also reacted against Western speculation of terrorist connections. The <i>Cairo Times</i> reported, "The deceased pilot's nephew has lashed out in particular against speculation that his uncle could have been a religious extremist. 'He loved the United States,' the nephew said. 'If you wanted to go shopping in New York, he was the man to speak to, because he knew all the stores.'"<sup id="cite_ref-cairo1_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairo1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaction_of_the_Egyptian_public">Reaction of the Egyptian public</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Reaction of the Egyptian public"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Langewiesche" title="William Langewiesche">William Langewiesche</a>, an author, journalist, and aviator, said that in Cairo, he encountered three groups of people. He said that the ordinary Cairenes believed that an American conspiracy existed to attack EgyptAir 990 and that the Americans were covering up the fact. He added that a small group of Cairenes, mostly consisting of "<a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a>", "knew perfectly well that Batouti, the co-pilot, had pushed that airplane into the water, and that the Egyptian government was stonewalling and was engaged in what they saw as a typical exercise in Egyptian governing."<sup id="cite_ref-CultureCrash_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureCrash-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Langewiesche said that "people involved directly in the investigation" had "presented a uniform party line, a uniform face with very few cracks. They stonewalled me, and that in itself was very interesting."<sup id="cite_ref-CultureCrash_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureCrash-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Langewiesche argued that "in the stonewalling, they were revealing themselves" and that if they truly believed Batouti were innocent, they would have invited Langewiesche to see proof of this theory.<sup id="cite_ref-CultureCrash_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureCrash-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the crash, on November 14, 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the airline changed the flight number for the JFK to Cairo route from MS990 to MS986, with the outbound changing from MS989 to MS985, and discontinued the service to Los Angeles. As of 2023, Flight 986 is operated using a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_787_Dreamliner" title="Boeing 787 Dreamliner">Boeing 787 Dreamliner</a> or <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777-300ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 777-300ER">Boeing 777-300ER</a>, and has a midday departure time (compared with the nighttime departure of Flight 990).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A monument to EgyptAir Flight 990 is in the <a href="/wiki/Island_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Cemetery">Island Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Documents seized during the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Operation Neptune Spear that killed Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden</a> included a few notes handwritten by <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">bin Laden</a> in September 2002 with the heading "The Birth of the Idea of <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11</a>". In these notes he describes how he was inspired by the crash of EgyptAir Flight 990 on October 31, 1999, which was deliberately crashed by co-pilot Gameel Al-Batouti. "This is how the idea of 9/11 was conceived and developed in my head, and that is when we began the planning".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic" title="Al Jazeera Arabic">Al Jazeera</a></i>, an Arabic-language channel state sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, produced a documentary by <a href="/wiki/Yosri_Fouda" title="Yosri Fouda">Yosri Fouda</a> about the flight that was broadcast in March 2000. The documentary looked at the preliminary NTSB conclusion and speculations surrounding it. In the documentary, the NTSB data were used with a flight simulator of the same aircraft model to try to reconstruct the circumstances of the crash, but the simulator failed three times to replicate the NTSB theory for plunging a fully functioning 767 from 33,000 ft (10,000 m) to 19,000 ft (5,800 m) in 37 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a 2001 journalist describes how he successfully reproduced the incident in a Boeing flight simulator.<sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The events of Flight 990 were featured in "Death and Denial", a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayday_episodes#Season_3_(2005)" title="List of Mayday episodes">season-three</a> (2005) episode of the Canadian TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Mayday_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="Mayday (Canadian TV series)">Mayday</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (called <i>Air Emergency</i> and <i>Air Disasters</i> in the U.S. and <i>Air Crash Investigation</i> in the UK and elsewhere around the world). The episode was broadcast with the title "EgyptAir 990" in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Asia. </p><p>In response to the ECAA's claim of NTSB unprofessionalism, former NTSB director of aviation safety Bernard Loeb stated: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What was unprofessional was the insistence by the Egyptians, in the face of irrefutable evidence, to anyone who knows anything about investigating airplane accidents and who knows anything about aerodynamics and airplanes, was the fact that this airplane was intentionally flown into the ocean. No scenario that the Egyptians came up with, or that we came up with, in which there were some sort of mechanical failure in the elevator control system, would either match the flight profile or was a situation in which the airplane was not recoverable.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The <i>Mayday</i> dramatization of the crash was based on ATC tapes, as well as the CVR recordings. In interviews conducted for the program, the relief first officer's family members vehemently disputed the suicide and deliberate crash theories, and dismissed them as biased. The program nevertheless concluded that Al-Batouti crashed the plane for personal reasons; he had been severely reprimanded by his supervisor for sexual harassment after allegedly "exposing himself to teenaged girls and propositioning hotel guests",<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the supervisor was, in fact, on board the plane when it was brought down.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gamilalbatouti_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamilalbatouti-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This dramatization also depicts the relief first officer forcing the plane down while the command captain attempts to pull the plane up. Despite this, upon conclusion, the program stresses the official NTSB conclusion and the fact it makes no mention of a suicide mission. Rather, it simply states that the crash was a direct result of actions made by the co-pilot for reasons "not determined".<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_safety" title="Aviation safety">Aviation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_pilot#List_of_declared_or_suspected_pilot_suicides" title="Suicide by pilot">List of declared or suspected pilot suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_767#Accidents_and_incidents" title="Boeing 767">Boeing 767 § Accidents and incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_airliners_by_location#Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location">List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location § Atlantic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_commercial_aircraft" title="List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft">List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_accidents_and_incidents_resulting_in_at_least_50_fatalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities">List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt>Specific incidents</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SilkAir_Flight_185" title="SilkAir Flight 185">SilkAir Flight 185</a>, another disputed crash involving <a href="/wiki/Pilot_suicide" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot suicide">pilot suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanwings_Flight_9525" title="Germanwings Flight 9525">Germanwings Flight 9525</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Airlines_Flight_350" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Airlines Flight 350">Japan Airlines Flight 350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines_Flight_470" title="LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470">LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Crew_suicide/hijacking" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories">Malaysia Airlines Flight 370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Maroc_Flight_630" title="Royal Air Maroc Flight 630">Royal Air Maroc Flight 630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Horizon_Air_Q400_incident" title="2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident">2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/16px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/24px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/32px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/19px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/29px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/38px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/21px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/42px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-excl911-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-excl911_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The crashes of both <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_11" title="American Airlines Flight 11">American Airlines Flight 11</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_175" title="United Airlines Flight 175">United Airlines Flight 175</a> are deadlier. However, both incidents are not considered as aviation accidents due to them being acts of terrorism as part of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autopilot_disconnect_method-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autopilot_disconnect_method_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Specifically, the autopilot was manually disengaged via the disconnect button on the yoke being pressed twice in half a second, or the autopilot switch on the instrument panel being moved.<sup id="cite_ref-ntsb_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/EgyptAir-flight-990">"EgyptAir flight 990 | Background & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. October 24, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=EgyptAir+flight+990+%7C+Background+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FEgyptAir-flight-990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/323637">"Accident Boeing 767-366ER SU-GAP, Sunday 31 October 1999"</a>. <i>asn.flightsafety.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asn.flightsafety.org&rft.atitle=Accident+Boeing+767-366ER+SU-GAP%2C+Sunday+31+October+1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasn.flightsafety.org%2Fasndb%2F323637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ntsb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntsb_4-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAB0201.pdf">"EgyptAir Flight 990, Boeing 767-366ER, SU-GAP, 60 Miles South of Nantucket, Massachusetts, October 31, 1999"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a>. March 13, 2002. NTSB/AAB-02/01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129210544/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAB0201.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EgyptAir+Flight+990%2C+Boeing+767-366ER%2C+SU-GAP%2C+60+Miles+South+of+Nantucket%2C+Massachusetts%2C+October+31%2C+1999&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft.date=2002-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntsb.gov%2Finvestigations%2FAccidentReports%2FReports%2FAAB0201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecaa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecaa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecaa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecaa_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecaa_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dms.ntsb.gov/public/14500-14999/14656/210895.pdf">"Report of Investigation of Accident: EgyptAir 990"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)">Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority</a>. June 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622102818/http://www.ntsb.gov/events/ea990/docket/ecaa_report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2014</span> – via National Transportation Safety Board.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+Investigation+of+Accident%3A+EgyptAir+990&rft.pub=Egyptian+Civil+Aviation+Authority&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdms.ntsb.gov%2Fpublic%2F14500-14999%2F14656%2F210895.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas2005" class="citation cs2">Douglas, Michael (November 2, 2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0762712/"><i>Death and Denial</i></a> (Documentary, Crime, Drama, History), Stephen Bogaert, Elias Zarou, Gerry Mendicino, Alex Karzis, Galaxie Productions, NF Inc., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227050603/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0762712/">archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+and+Denial&rft.pub=Galaxie+Productions%2C+NF+Inc.&rft.date=2005-11-02&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0762712%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40430908&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202%20-%20Group%20Chairman%20Factual%20Report-Redacted.PDF">"Operational Factors Group Chairman's Factual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Transportation Safety Board. January 18, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610234246/https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40430908&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202%20-%20Group%20Chairman%20Factual%20Report-Redacted.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operational+Factors+Group+Chairman%27s+Factual+Report&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft.date=2000-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.ntsb.gov%2FDocket%2FDocument%2FdocBLOB%3FID%3D40430908%26FileExtension%3D.PDF%26FileName%3DOperations%25202%2520-%2520Group%2520Chairman%2520Factual%2520Report-Redacted.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40125341&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Systems%209%20-%20Group%20Chairman%20Factual%20Report%20-%20Appendix%20A-Master.PDF">"Systems 9 – Group Chairman Factual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Transportation Safety Board. May 26, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610234246/https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40125341&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Systems%209%20-%20Group%20Chairman%20Factual%20Report%20-%20Appendix%20A-Master.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Systems+9+%E2%80%93+Group+Chairman+Factual+Report&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft.date=2000-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.ntsb.gov%2FDocket%2FDocument%2FdocBLOB%3FID%3D40125341%26FileExtension%3D.PDF%26FileName%3DSystems%25209%2520-%2520Group%2520Chairman%2520Factual%2520Report%2520-%2520Appendix%2520A-Master.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40125382&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013%20-%20Addendum%201%20-Master.PDF">"Aircraft Performance 13 – Group Chairman's Aircraft Performance Study"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Transportation Safety board. May 4, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610234248/https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40125382&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013%20-%20Addendum%201%20-Master.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Performance+13+%E2%80%93+Group+Chairman%27s+Aircraft+Performance+Study&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+board&rft.date=2000-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.ntsb.gov%2FDocket%2FDocument%2FdocBLOB%3FID%3D40125382%26FileExtension%3D.PDF%26FileName%3DAircraft%2520Performance%252013%2520-%2520Addendum%25201%2520-Master.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/323637">"Unlawful Interference Boeing 767-366ER SU-GAP, Sunday 31 October 1999"</a>. <i>asn.flightsafety.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asn.flightsafety.org&rft.atitle=Unlawful+Interference+Boeing+767-366ER+SU-GAP%2C+Sunday+31+October+1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasn.flightsafety.org%2Fwikibase%2F323637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2000" class="citation web cs1">Hall, Jim (August 11, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/news/speeches/JimHall/Pages/Statement_on_the_Release_of_the_Public_Docket_of_the_Investigation_of_the_Crash_of_EgyptAir_flight_990.aspx">"Statement on the Release of the Public Docket of the Investigation of the Crash of EgyptAir flight 990"</a>. National Transportation Safety Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124124/http://www.ntsb.gov/news/speeches/JimHall/Pages/Statement_on_the_Release_of_the_Public_Docket_of_the_Investigation_of_the_Crash_of_EgyptAir_flight_990.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+on+the+Release+of+the+Public+Docket+of+the+Investigation+of+the+Crash+of+EgyptAir+flight+990&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft.date=2000-08-11&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntsb.gov%2Fnews%2Fspeeches%2FJimHall%2FPages%2FStatement_on_the_Release_of_the_Public_Docket_of_the_Investigation_of_the_Crash_of_EgyptAir_flight_990.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayday-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayday_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayday_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayday_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayday_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayday_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Mayday_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="Mayday (Canadian TV series)">Mayday</a>, </i>Season 3, Episode 8: "EgyptAir 990 (Death and Denial)"<i><span></span></i>. November 2, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayday%2C+Season+3%2C+Episode+8%3A+%22EgyptAir+990+%28Death+and+Denial%29%22&rft.date=2005-11-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swanson-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swanson_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson1999" class="citation news cs1">Swanson, Steven (November 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/418919879">"At JFK, Another Grim Routine in 'Heartbreak Hotel'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/418919879">418919879</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821044046/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/doc/418919879.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=At+JFK%2C+Another+Grim+Routine+in+%27Heartbreak+Hotel%27&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F418919879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.com/News/110299/Worldandnation/Passenger_list_for_Eg.shtml">"Passenger list for EgyptAir Flight 990"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i>. November 2, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208215449/http://www.sptimes.com/News/110299/Worldandnation/Passenger_list_for_Eg.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Passenger+list+for+EgyptAir+Flight+990&rft.date=1999-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptimes.com%2FNews%2F110299%2FWorldandnation%2FPassenger_list_for_Eg.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllison1999" class="citation news cs1">Ellison, Michael (November 2, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/egyptair/article/0,2763,196608,00.html">"Search for air crash survivors abandoned"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125093941/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/02/egyptaircrash.usa1">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Search+for+air+crash+survivors+abandoned&rft.date=1999-11-02&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Ellison&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fegyptair%2Farticle%2F0%2C2763%2C196608%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNFamiliarTrag-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNNFamiliarTrag_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229183915/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0111/17/smn.21.html">"Hotel Near JFK Airport is Familiar With Airline Tragedy"</a>. CNN. November 17, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0111/17/smn.21.html">the original</a> on December 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hotel+Near+JFK+Airport+is+Familiar+With+Airline+Tragedy&rft.date=2001-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F0111%2F17%2Fsmn.21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AdamsonPhilly-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AdamsonPhilly_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamson1998" class="citation news cs1">Adamson, April (September 4, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234650/http://articles.philly.com/1998-09-04/news/25757670_1_twa-flight-twa-disaster-family-members">"229 Victims Knew Jet Was in Trouble; Airport Inn Becomes Heartbreak Hotel Again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.philly.com/1998-09-04/news/25757670_1_twa-flight-twa-disaster-family-members">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=229+Victims+Knew+Jet+Was+in+Trouble%3B+Airport+Inn+Becomes+Heartbreak+Hotel+Again&rft.date=1998-09-04&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=April&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.philly.com%2F1998-09-04%2Fnews%2F25757670_1_twa-flight-twa-disaster-family-members&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanter" class="citation web cs1">Ranter, Harro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991031-0">"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 767-366ER SU-GAP Nantucket Island, MA, USA"</a>. <i>aviation-safety.net</i>. <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Safety_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Safety Network">Aviation Safety Network</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180330074830/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991031-0">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Boeing+767-366ER+SU-GAP+Nantucket+Island%2C+MA%2C+USA&rft.aulast=Ranter&rft.aufirst=Harro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19991031-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlantic-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atlantic_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlantic_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlantic_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangewiesche2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Langewiesche" title="William Langewiesche">Langewiesche, William</a> (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/2001/11/langewiesche.htm">"The Crash of EgyptAir 990"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. <b>228</b> (4). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100909234322/http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/2001/11/langewiesche.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Crash+of+EgyptAir+990&rft.volume=228&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2001-11&rft.aulast=Langewiesche&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpast%2Fdocs%2Fissues%2F2001%2F11%2Flangewiesche.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelaney1999" class="citation news cs1">Delaney, Bill (October 31, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/US/9910/31/egyptair.search/#4">"Conditions favorable for recovering wreckage"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000526023734/http://www.cnn.com/US/9910/31/egyptair.search/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Conditions+favorable+for+recovering+wreckage&rft.date=1999-10-31&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FUS%2F9910%2F31%2Fegyptair.search%2F%234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGugliottaDuke1999" class="citation news cs1">Gugliotta, Guy; Duke, Lynne (October 31, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/oct99/egyptair31.htm">"217 Feared Dead in EgyptAir Crash"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326061021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/oct99/egyptair31.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=217+Feared+Dead+in+EgyptAir+Crash&rft.date=1999-10-31&rft.aulast=Gugliotta&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.au=Duke%2C+Lynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fnational%2Fdaily%2Foct99%2Fegyptair31.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeweReedSadler1999" class="citation news cs1">Zewe, Chares; Reed, Susan; Sadler, Brent (November 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/US/9910/31/egyptair.04/">"Search for clues begins in EgyptAir disaster"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226021141/http://www.cnn.com/US/9910/31/egyptair.04/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Search+for+clues+begins+in+EgyptAir+disaster&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.aulast=Zewe&rft.aufirst=Chares&rft.au=Reed%2C+Susan&rft.au=Sadler%2C+Brent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FUS%2F9910%2F31%2Fegyptair.04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCG-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USCG_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070327193059/http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-cp/cb/JAN00/990.html">"The final, fatal flight of EgyptAir 990"</a>. <i>Commandant's Bulletin</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a>. January 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-cp/cb/jan00/990.html">the original</a> on March 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commandant%27s+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+final%2C+fatal+flight+of+EgyptAir+990&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscg.mil%2Fhq%2Fg-cp%2Fcb%2Fjan00%2F990.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/oct99/search31.htm">"A Look at the Search Effort"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Associated Press. October 31, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326061024/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/oct99/search31.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Look+at+the+Search+Effort&rft.date=1999-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fnational%2Fdaily%2Foct99%2Fsearch31.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian000508-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian000508_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian000508_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian000508_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian000508_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorgerDawoud2000" class="citation news cs1">Borger, Julian; Dawoud, Khaled (May 8, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/egyptair/article/0,2763,218460,00.html">"Wings and a Prayer"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213174123/https://www.theguardian.com/egyptair/article/0,2763,218460,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wings+and+a+Prayer&rft.date=2000-05-08&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Dawoud%2C+Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fegyptair%2Farticle%2F0%2C2763%2C218460%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dms.ntsb.gov/public/14500-14999/14656/113394.pdf">"Systems 9 – Addendum 3 – Examination of Additional Wreckage Recovered During the Second Recovery Effort"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Transportation Safety Board. May 26, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200325191134/https://dms.ntsb.gov/public/14500-14999/14656/113394.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Systems+9+%E2%80%93+Addendum+3+%E2%80%93+Examination+of+Additional+Wreckage+Recovered+During+the+Second+Recovery+Effort&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft.date=2000-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdms.ntsb.gov%2Fpublic%2F14500-14999%2F14656%2F113394.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Article-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Article_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/503780.stm">"Sci/Tech Crash rumours focused on 'thrust reversers', 1999"</a>. November 3, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323022239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/503780.stm">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sci%2FTech+Crash+rumours+focused+on+%27thrust+reversers%27%2C+1999&rft.date=1999-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F503780.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Partners-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Partners_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19991101&slug=2992564">"Two Doomed 767S Were Partners on Assembly Line"</a>. <i>The Seattle Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210184824/https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19991101&slug=2992564">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Two+Doomed+767S+Were+Partners+on+Assembly+Line&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.seattletimes.com%2Farchive%2F%3Fdate%3D19991101%26slug%3D2992564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamilalbatouti-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gamilalbatouti_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamilalbatouti_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamilalbatouti_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWald2002" class="citation news cs1">Wald, Matthew L. (March 16, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/16/us/egyptair-pilot-sought-revenge-by-crashing-co-worker-said.html">"EgyptAir Pilot Sought Revenge By Crashing, Co-Worker Said"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115225052/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/16/us/egyptair-pilot-sought-revenge-by-crashing-co-worker-said.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=EgyptAir+Pilot+Sought+Revenge+By+Crashing%2C+Co-Worker+Said&rft.date=2002-03-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wald&rft.aufirst=Matthew+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F03%2F16%2Fus%2Fegyptair-pilot-sought-revenge-by-crashing-co-worker-said.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahram1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ahram1_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbou_El-Magd2000" class="citation news cs1">Abou El-Magd, Nadia (February 16, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/468/eg9.htm">"Rough ride for EgyptAir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahram_Weekly" title="Al-Ahram Weekly">Al-Ahram Weekly</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515071939/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/468/eg9.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Ahram+Weekly&rft.atitle=Rough+ride+for+EgyptAir&rft.date=2000-02-16&rft.aulast=Abou+El-Magd&rft.aufirst=Nadia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweekly.ahram.org.eg%2F2000%2F468%2Feg9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc000206-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc000206_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/631789.stm">"EgyptAir denies pilot can explain crash"</a>. BBC News. February 6, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821051525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/631789.stm">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EgyptAir+denies+pilot+can+explain+crash&rft.date=2000-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F631789.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalnicRempelAlonso-Zaldivar2002" class="citation news cs1">Malnic, Eric; Rempel, William C.; Alonso-Zaldivar, Ricardo (March 15, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-15-mn-32955-story.html">"EgyptAir Co-Pilot Caused '99 Jet Crash, NTSB to Say"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402222058/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/mar/15/news/mn-32955">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=EgyptAir+Co-Pilot+Caused+%2799+Jet+Crash%2C+NTSB+to+Say&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.aulast=Malnic&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Rempel%2C+William+C.&rft.au=Alonso-Zaldivar%2C+Ricardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2002-mar-15-mn-32955-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/egyptair-sacks-pilot-seeking-uk-asylum-1.29779">"Egyptair sacks pilot seeking UK asylum"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Online_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Online (South Africa)">Independent Online</a></i>. March 1, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113556/http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/egyptair-sacks-pilot-seeking-uk-asylum-1.29779">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent+Online&rft.atitle=Egyptair+sacks+pilot+seeking+UK+asylum&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fegyptair-sacks-pilot-seeking-uk-asylum-1.29779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CultureCrash-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CultureCrash_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CultureCrash_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CultureCrash_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CultureCrash_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangewiesche2001" class="citation interview cs1">Langewiesche, William (November 15, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/interviews/int2001-11-15.htm">"Culture Crash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">Atlantic Unbound</a></i> (Interview). Interviewed by Katie Bacon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020120525/http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/interviews/int2001-11-15.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Unbound&rft.atitle=Culture+Crash&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.aulast=Langewiesche&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpast%2Fdocs%2Funbound%2Finterviews%2Fint2001-11-15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLathem1999" class="citation news cs1">Lathem, Niles (November 18, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/1999/11/18/fbi-profilers-dig-into-co-pilots-past/">"FBI Profilers Dig into Co-Pilot's Past"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328223009/http://nypost.com/1999/11/18/fbi-profilers-dig-into-co-pilots-past/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=FBI+Profilers+Dig+into+Co-Pilot%27s+Past&rft.date=1999-11-18&rft.aulast=Lathem&rft.aufirst=Niles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F1999%2F11%2F18%2Ffbi-profilers-dig-into-co-pilots-past%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cairo1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cairo1_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cairo1_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cairo1_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cairo1_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cairo1_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cairo1_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cairo1_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070512215927/http://www.cairotimes.com/news/batouti.html">"Suicide speculation under fire"</a>. <i>Cairo Times</i>. November 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairotimes.com/news/batouti.html">the original</a> on May 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cairo+Times&rft.atitle=Suicide+speculation+under+fire&rft.date=1999-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairotimes.com%2Fnews%2Fbatouti.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cairo2-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cairo2_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070512220629/http://www.cairotimes.com/news/batfam.html">"Batouty clan stands united"</a>. <i>Cairo Times</i>. November 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairotimes.com/news/batfam.html">the original</a> on May 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cairo+Times&rft.atitle=Batouty+clan+stands+united&rft.date=1999-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairotimes.com%2Fnews%2Fbatfam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trinity-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trinity_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiotrowski2000" class="citation journal cs1">Piotrowski, William K. (Spring 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110012047/http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/csrpl/RINVol3No1/egyptair.htm">"What's in a Name?: The Crash of EgyptAir 990"</a>. <i>Religion in the News</i>. <b>3</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Hartford" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Hartford">Trinity College</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/csrpl/rinvol3no1/egyptair.htm">the original</a> on January 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion+in+the+News&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F%3A+The+Crash+of+EgyptAir+990&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Piotrowski&rft.aufirst=William+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trincoll.edu%2Fdepts%2Fcsrpl%2Frinvol3no1%2Fegyptair.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flightaware.com/live/flight/MSR990">"MS990 (MSR990) Egypt Air Flight Tracking and History – FlightAware"</a>. <i>flightaware</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003045731/https://flightaware.com/live/flight/MSR990">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=flightaware&rft.atitle=MS990+%28MSR990%29+Egypt+Air+Flight+Tracking+and+History+%E2%80%93+FlightAware&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflightaware.com%2Flive%2Fflight%2FMSR990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flightaware.com/live/flight/MSR986">MS 986 (MSR986) EgyptAir Flight Tracking and History</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/FlightAware" title="FlightAware">flightaware.com</a></i>. Retrieved May 3, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trudy and Lee Keen, ‘'Discover Newport’s Island Cemetery'’ (Newport, 2023), p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahoud2022" class="citation book cs1">Lahoud, Nelly (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eoppEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16"><i>The Bin Laden Papers: How the Abbottabad Raid Revealed the Truth about al-Qaeda, Its Leader and His Family</i></a>. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press. pp. 16–19, 307. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26063-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26063-2"><bdi>978-0-300-26063-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bin+Laden+Papers%3A+How+the+Abbottabad+Raid+Revealed+the+Truth+about+al-Qaeda%2C+Its+Leader+and+His+Family&rft.place=New+Haven+%28CT%29&rft.pages=16-19%2C+307&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-300-26063-2&rft.aulast=Lahoud&rft.aufirst=Nelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeoppEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/abbottabad-compound/8F/8F496071D25B831EFBFD5299FBC0DF62_msoB4938.jpg">"The Birth of the Idea of September 11"</a> (in Arabic). Central Intelligence Agency. September 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Idea+of+September+11&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fabbottabad-compound%2F8F%2F8F496071D25B831EFBFD5299FBC0DF62_msoB4938.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-NawawyIskander2003" class="citation book cs1">El-Nawawy, Mohammed; Iskander, Adel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ERcFtqe8HXsC&pg=PA108"><i>Al-Jazeera: The Story of the Network that is Rattling Governments and Redefining Modern Journalism</i></a>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813341491" title="Special:BookSources/9780813341491"><bdi>9780813341491</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125113947/https://books.google.com/books?id=ERcFtqe8HXsC&pg=PA108">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Jazeera%3A+The+Story+of+the+Network+that+is+Rattling+Governments+and+Redefining+Modern+Journalism&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780813341491&rft.aulast=El-Nawawy&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft.au=Iskander%2C+Adel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DERcFtqe8HXsC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Death and Denial". <i><a href="/wiki/Mayday_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="Mayday (Canadian TV series)">Mayday</a></i>. Season 3. Episode 8. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery Channel Canada">Discovery Channel Canada</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayday&rft.series=Season+3.+Episode+8&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWastell2002" class="citation news cs1">Wastell, David (March 17, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/1388017/Co-pilot-crashed-EgyptAir-jumbo-as-act-of-revenge.html">"Co-pilot 'crashed EgyptAir jumbo as act of revenge'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911215736/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/1388017/Co-pilot-crashed-EgyptAir-jumbo-as-act-of-revenge.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Co-pilot+%27crashed+EgyptAir+jumbo+as+act+of+revenge%27&rft.date=2002-03-17&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Wastell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fafricaandindianocean%2Fegypt%2F1388017%2FCo-pilot-crashed-EgyptAir-jumbo-as-act-of-revenge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptAir+Flight+990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:EgyptAir_Flight_990" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:EgyptAir Flight 990">EgyptAir Flight 990</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airliners.net/search?registrationActual=SU-GAP&display=detail">Pre-accident photos of SU-GAP from Airliners.net</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAB0201.pdf">NTSB Final Report</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111022203915/https://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2002/AAB0201.pdf">Archive</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40146942&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Report%20of%20the%20Egyptian%20Civil%20Aviation%20Authority-Master.PDF">ECAA Final Report</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060601000000*/https://www.ntsb.gov/events/ea990/docket/ecaa_report.pdf">Archive</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40430912&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%20A-Redacted.PDF">ATC transmission transcript</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/*/https://www.ntsb.gov/events/ea990/docket/Ex_3A_attA.pdf">Archive</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tailstrike.com/database/31-october-1999-egyptair-990/">Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40125365&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Flight%20Data%20Recorder%2010%20-%20Group%20Chairman%20Factual%20Report-Master.PDF">Flight data recorder data summary</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/*/https://www.ntsb.gov/events/ea990/docket/Ex_10A.pdf">Archive</a>)</li> <li>NTSB debris image links <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40125326&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Structures%207%20-%20Appendix%20H%20-%2027%20Photographs-Master.PDF">Structural debris</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40125319&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Structures%207%20-%20Appendix%20A%20-%20Major%20Assembly%20Breakdown-Master.PDF">structural debris</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dms.ntsb.gov/public/14500-14999/14656/113379.pdf">engine debris</a></li> <li>Media links: <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/egyptair/0,,192889,00.html">Egyptair crash</a>" – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> – Archive of various news stories</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040814221900/http://www.cnn.com/US/9911/18/egyptair.02/index.html">Egypt's ambassador praises work on Flight 990 probe</a> – <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000303150407/http://cnn.com/US/9910/31/missing.plane.02/index.html">217 feared dead in EgyptAir crash</a> – CNN</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/plane_crashes/egyptair/framesource.html">Crash of Flight 990</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041030165131/http://www.sis.gov.eg/online/html/o011199e.htm">Mubarak receives calls of condolences</a> – Egyptian State Information Service</li></ul></li> <li>Other links: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planecrashinfo.com/1999/1999-50.htm">MS990 – PlaneCrashInfo.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310210146/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=10311999&reg=SU-GAP&airline=EgyptAir">MS990 – AirDisaster.com</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991031-0">Accident description</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Safety_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Safety Network">Aviation Safety Network</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/egyptair-crash-mystery">EgyptAir Crash Mystery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608180837/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=M1ARTM0012040">Archived</a> June 8, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/MacLean%27s_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="MacLean's Magazine">MacLean's Magazine</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.com/News/110299/Worldandnation/Passenger_list_for_Eg.shtml">EgyptAir 990 Passenger List – St. Petersburg Times</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/about/Policies/Pages/Policies.aspx">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a>. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1999_(1999)" style="white-space:nowrap;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1999" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1999" title="Template talk:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1999" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1999_(1999)" class="hlist vevent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="summary"><a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">Aviation accidents and incidents</a> in 1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1999</span>)</span> </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 24</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/China_Southwest_Airlines_Flight_4509" title="China Southwest Airlines Flight 4509">China Southwest Airlines Flight 4509</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 25</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Airlines_Flight_1553" title="Minerva Airlines Flight 1553">Minerva Airlines Flight 1553</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 15</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_1533" title="Korean Air Flight 1533">Korean Air Flight 1533</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1999_F-117A_shootdown" title="1999 F-117A shootdown">F-117A shootdown</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 7</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines_Flight_5904" title="Turkish Airlines Flight 5904">Turkish Airlines Flight 5904</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 12</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Flight_9463" title="Avianca Flight 9463">Avianca Flight 9463</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 15</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Cargo_Flight_6316" title="Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316">Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 1</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_1420" title="American Airlines Flight 1420">American Airlines Flight 1420</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 2</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1999_Tramore_helicopter_crash" title="1999 Tramore helicopter crash">Tramore helicopter crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 7</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduja_Cargo_Services_Flight_8533" title="Hinduja Cargo Services Flight 8533">Hinduja Cargo Services Flight 8533</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 16</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1999_Martha%27s_Vineyard_plane_crash" title="1999 Martha's Vineyard plane crash">Martha's Vineyard plane crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 23</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/All_Nippon_Airways_Flight_61" title="All Nippon Airways Flight 61">All Nippon Airways Flight 61</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 24</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Air_Fiji_Flight_121" title="Air Fiji Flight 121">Air Fiji Flight 121</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 7</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/TACV_Flight_5002" title="TACV Flight 5002">TACV Flight 5002</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 10</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistan_Breguet_1150_Atlantic_shootdown" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown">Pakistani Atlantic shootdown</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 22</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/China_Airlines_Flight_642" title="China Airlines Flight 642">China Airlines Flight 642</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 24</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Uni_Air_Flight_873" title="Uni Air Flight 873">Uni Air Flight 873</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 31</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/LAPA_Flight_3142" title="LAPA Flight 3142">LAPA Flight 3142</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Air_Charter_Flight_3W" title="Edinburgh Air Charter Flight 3W">Edinburgh Air Charter Flight 3W</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 5</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Necon_Air_Flight_128" title="Necon Air Flight 128">Necon Air Flight 128</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 14</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Airways_Flight_226A" title="Britannia Airways Flight 226A">Britannia Airways Flight 226A</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 23</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Qantas_Flight_1" title="Qantas Flight 1">Qantas Flight 1</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 11</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1999_Air_Botswana_ATR_42_crash" title="1999 Air Botswana ATR 42 crash">Air Botswana crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 25</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1999_South_Dakota_Learjet_crash" title="1999 South Dakota Learjet crash">South Dakota Learjet crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 31</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EgyptAir Flight 990</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 9</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/TAESA_Flight_725" title="TAESA Flight 725">TAESA Flight 725</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 12</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Si_Fly_Flight_3275" title="Si Fly Flight 3275">Si Fly Flight 3275</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 7</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Spirit_Flight_100" title="Asian Spirit Flight 100">Asian Spirit Flight 100</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 11</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/SATA_Air_A%C3%A7ores_Flight_530M" title="SATA Air Açores Flight 530M">SATA Air Açores Flight 530M</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Flight_1216" title="Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216">Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 22</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Cargo_Flight_8509" title="Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509">Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 24</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Airlines_Flight_814" title="Indian Airlines Flight 814">Indian Airlines Flight 814</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 25</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Flight_310" title="Cubana de Aviación Flight 310">Cubana de Aviación Flight 310</a></div></div> </div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1998" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1998">1998   ◄</a><span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_2000" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2000">►   2000</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722529#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2001003466">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534925705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&oldid=1259398266">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&oldid=1259398266</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_in_Egypt" title="Category:1999 in Egypt">1999 in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:1999 in Massachusetts">1999 in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Boeing_767" title="Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 767">Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 767</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airliner_accidents_and_incidents_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Airliner accidents and incidents in Massachusetts">Airliner accidents and incidents in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1999" title="Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999">Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conspiracy_theories_involving_aviation_incidents" title="Category:Conspiracy theories involving aviation incidents">Conspiracy theories involving aviation incidents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egypt%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Category:Egypt–United States relations">Egypt–United States relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EgyptAir_accidents_and_incidents" title="Category:EgyptAir accidents and incidents">EgyptAir accidents and incidents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marine_salvage_operations" title="Category:Marine salvage operations">Marine salvage operations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Nantucket,_Massachusetts" title="Category:History of Nantucket, Massachusetts">History of Nantucket, Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:October_1999_events_in_the_United_States" title="Category:October 1999 events in the United States">October 1999 events in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airliner_accidents_and_incidents_involving_deliberate_crashes" title="Category:Airliner accidents and incidents involving deliberate crashes">Airliner accidents and incidents involving deliberate crashes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Controversies_in_Egypt" title="Category:Controversies in Egypt">Controversies in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1999 controversies in the United States">1999 controversies in the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2015" title="Category:Use American English from March 2015">Use American English from March 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2020">Use mdy dates from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Egyptian_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Egyptian Arabic-language text">Articles containing Egyptian Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the National Transportation Safety Board">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the National Transportation Safety Board</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 22:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-bb444","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.169","walltime":"1.436","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5917,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":152215,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7050,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":192040,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1292.695 1 -total"," 32.68% 422.449 1 Template:Aviation_incidents_and_accidents_in_1999"," 31.24% 403.874 1 Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents"," 30.97% 400.312 1 Template:Navbox"," 23.31% 301.376 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.88% 114.811 14 Template:Cite_web"," 8.87% 114.633 2 Template:Infobox"," 8.61% 111.351 1 Template:Infobox_aircraft_occurrence"," 7.24% 93.647 1 Template:Lang"," 7.22% 93.394 21 Template:Cite_news"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.799","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19191635,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75c465f4c6-vjdtk","timestamp":"20241125092518","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"EgyptAir Flight 990","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EgyptAir_Flight_990","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q722529","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q722529","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-11-16T22:27:30Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T22:59:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5b\/Egypt_Air_Boeing_767-366ER%3B_SU-GAP%40ZRH%2C_October_1999_BZS_%285552623021%29.jpg","headline":"1999 plane crash of an EgyptAir Boeing 767 in the Atlantic Ocean"}</script> </body> </html>