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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-北美洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北美洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>北美洲</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-北美洲-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关北美洲子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-北美洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加拿大" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加拿大"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>加拿大</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加拿大-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-欧洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#欧洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>欧洲</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-欧洲-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关欧洲子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-欧洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-阿爾巴尼亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿爾巴尼亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>阿爾巴尼亞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿爾巴尼亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-科索沃" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科索沃"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>科索沃</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-科索沃-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-英國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>英國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-北歐五國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北歐五國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>北歐五國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北歐五國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-俄國和蘇聯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#俄國和蘇聯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>俄國和蘇聯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-俄國和蘇聯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亚洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亚洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>亚洲</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-亚洲-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关亚洲子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-亚洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>中國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-印度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>印度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>澳洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-伊斯兰世界" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#伊斯兰世界"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>伊斯兰世界</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-伊斯兰世界-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关伊斯兰世界子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-伊斯兰世界-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中亞、北非" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中亞、北非"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>中亞、北非</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中亞、北非-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>南亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-汶萊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汶萊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>汶萊</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-汶萊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非伊斯兰国家的穆斯林社区" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非伊斯兰国家的穆斯林社区"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>非伊斯兰国家的穆斯林社区</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非伊斯兰国家的穆斯林社区-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-禁酒的政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#禁酒的政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>禁酒的政治</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-禁酒的政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">禁酒</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。45种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84" title="منع الكحول – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منع الكحول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirtli_i%C3%A7ki_qada%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="Spirtli içki qadağası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Spirtli içki qadağası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruoh%C4%97b%C4%97c%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Pruohėbėcėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pruohėbėcėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сухі закон – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сухі закон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сух режим – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сух режим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_seca" title="Llei seca – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llei seca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibice" title="Prohibice – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prohibice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prohibition" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Prohibition" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_seca" title="Ley seca – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley seca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiv_seadus" title="Kuiv seadus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuiv seadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lege_lehor" title="Lege lehor – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lege lehor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%84" title="ممنوعیت الکل – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ممنوعیت الکل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieltolaki" title="Kieltolaki – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kieltolaki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prohibition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%BBchlizzing_(alkoholferbod)" title="Drûchlizzing (alkoholferbod) – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Drûchlizzing (alkoholferbod)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A9" title="חוק יובש – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוק יובש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicija" title="Prohibicija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prohibicija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szesztilalom" title="Szesztilalom – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szesztilalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bann%C3%A1rin" title="Bannárin – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bannárin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E4%BB%A4" title="禁酒令 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="禁酒令" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მშრალი კანონი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მშრალი კანონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3" title="Құрғақ заң – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құрғақ заң" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%A3%BC%EB%B2%95" title="금주법 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금주법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibitioun" title="Prohibitioun – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Prohibitioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicija" title="Prohibicija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prohibicija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohib%C4%ABcija" title="Prohibīcija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prohibīcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Хуурай хууль – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хуурай хууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drooglegging_(alcoholverbod)" title="Drooglegging (alcoholverbod) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Drooglegging (alcoholverbod)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbodstida" title="Forbodstida – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forbodstida" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbudstiden" title="Forbudstiden – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forbudstiden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicja" title="Prohibicja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prohibicja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_Seca" title="Lei Seca – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lei Seca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibi%C8%9Bie" title="Prohibiție – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prohibiție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сухой закон – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сухой закон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicija" title="Prohibicija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prohibicija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohib%C3%ADcia" title="Prohibícia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prohibícia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicija" title="Prohibicija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prohibicija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Прохибиција – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прохибиција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholf%C3%B6rbud" title="Alkoholförbud – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alkoholförbud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="மதுவிலக்கு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மதுவிலக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7ki_yasa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="İçki yasağı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İçki yasağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сухий закон – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сухий закон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ACm-chi%C3%BA-l%C4%93ng" title="Kìm-chiú-lēng – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kìm-chiú-lēng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E4%BB%A4" title="禁酒令 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="禁酒令" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46388#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/220px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/330px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/440px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>1925年在加拿大的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詹姆斯 (安大略)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James, Ontario"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF_(%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A5)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯 (安大略)（页面不存在）">麋湖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James,_Ontario" class="extiw" title="en:James, Ontario"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James, Ontario</span></a></span>）</span></span>進行了一次警察突襲沒收非法酒精。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>禁酒</b>又稱<b>禁酒令</b>，就是禁止製造、運輸、進口、出口、銷售、飲用<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92" title="酒">酒</a>（即含<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="酒精">酒精</a>飲料）的情形。一般與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>信仰、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>、治安與醫療有關。各國歷史上行使禁酒令的時期為<b>禁酒令時期</b>。由於酒類禁毒政策最終在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="西方社會">西方社會</a>並不成功，當代禁酒運動（反對者稱為<b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新禁酒運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neo-prohibitionism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新禁酒運動（页面不存在）">新禁酒運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" class="extiw" title="en:Neo-prohibitionism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neo-prohibitionism</span></a></span>）</span></span></b>〔Neo-prohibitionism〕）只能要求立法限制或倡導移風易俗，以減少酒的銷售與消費，例如瑞典將酒類視為是為管制用藥，部分歐美國家不得在公共場所持有酒類，泰國推出酒精宵禁等。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>某些宗教禁酒，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰世界">伊斯蘭世界</a>，多不但以法律的明文禁止平時買賣酒類，而且持有與販賣與毒品同罪。除日本佛教以外，在戒律中亦提及不允許飲酒作為消遣慾樂（含酒精的食物且不致人醉的除外，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E9%87%80" title="酒釀">酒釀</a>）。道教規定道士不禁酒，但不得<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%97%E9%85%92" title="酗酒">酗酒</a>。在酒類合法文化的國家地區，也有避免帶入如學校、工作場所等攝取的不成文禁忌。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《战国策·魏策二》中有《梁王魏婴觞诸侯于范台》一篇，讲<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%96%87%E6%83%A0%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魏文惠王">梁王魏婴</a>与众诸侯在范台饮酒，请鲁国君主举觞，鲁国君主劝谏说：“过去，尧的女儿令<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E7%8B%84" title="仪狄">仪狄</a>酿造美酒，进献给<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="大禹">大禹</a>，大禹喝了以后觉得很甜美，于是疏远了仪狄，并戒了酒。说：‘后世必定有因为饮酒而亡国的！’”<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此事不见于《史记》等正史记载，其他史书也没有记载，《战国策》本身又有不少虚构成分，且为鲁国君主所转述，可信度存疑；另外，此事只是说大禹自己不再饮酒，并没有说下令全国禁酒。因此，“大禹禁酒”一说难以成立。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg/220px-The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg/330px-The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg/440px-The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>酒鬼的發展：由<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Nathaniel Currier" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nathaniel Currier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Currier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Currier（页面不存在）">Nathaniel Currier</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Currier" class="extiw" title="en:Nathaniel Currier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nathaniel Currier</span></a></span>）</span></span>所製的平版印刷，以支持戒酒運動，1846年1月。</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢摩拉比法典">漢摩拉比法典</a>（約公元前1772年），明確禁止為錢而售賣啤酒。它只能用來換取大麥：「如果一個啤酒賣家沒有收取大麥作為啤酒的價格，但如果她收取金錢或者做出來的啤酒分量小於所收到的大麥分量，他們應該把她扔進水裡。」<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>20世紀前半有一些國家施行過禁酒令： </p> <ul><li>1907年-1948年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="愛德華王子島">愛德華王子島</a>，加拿大其他省份也曾施行时间较短的禁酒</li> <li>1907年-1992年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%85%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="法羅群島">法羅群島</a></li> <li>1914年-1925年 <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B" title="蘇維埃俄國">俄羅斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a></li> <li>1915年-1933年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島">冰島</a>（啤酒至1989年才解禁）</li> <li>1916年-1927年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>（1917年<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="葡萄酒">葡萄酒</a>和啤酒也被納入）</li> <li>1919年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="匈牙利蘇維埃共和國">匈牙利蘇維埃共和國</a>，3月21日至8月1日</li> <li>1919年-1932年 <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭">芬蘭</a></li> <li>1920年-1933年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="北美洲"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E7.BE.8E.E6.B4.B2"></span>北美洲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：北美洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E4%BB%A4" title="美國禁酒令">美國禁酒令</a></div> <p>1917年，由於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第十八修正案">美國憲法第十八修正案</a>，美國成為禁酒的國家。當時政府在憲法的修正案通過後執行禁酒令，維持了13年，从1920年1月17日至1933年12月5日，這段期間稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="禁酒時期">禁酒時期</a>（Prohibition Era）。目前在美國的南部和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="美國中西部">中西部</a>一些地方仍然有禁酒的郡或鎮（稱為<i>dry counties</i>或<i>dry towns</i>）。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>基於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒">清教徒</a>的背景，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>是西方社會具有最強烈禁酒情緒的國家之一（另一些是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a>國家）。美國禁酒令是依據1919年1月16日批准的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第十八修正案">美國憲法第十八修正案</a>和1919年10月28日通過的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B3%95" title="沃爾斯泰德法">沃爾斯泰德法</a>（Volstead Act）來實行。在1920年1月16日第18憲法修正案生效日開始執行，由聯邦禁酒探員（警察）執法，而推行禁酒令的驅動力，主要來自於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="共和黨 (美國)">共和黨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E9%BB%A8" title="禁酒黨">禁酒黨</a>，以及他们代表的刚获得选举权不久的女性选民。 </p><p>美國的许多州禁止在酒吧和餐馆以外的公共场所饮酒，如体育馆、街道、交通工具。合法买酒的年龄是21歲以上（包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="啤酒">啤酒</a>），买酒时需出示含有照片的身分证明（驾照、护照、公民证）。而且只能在限定地方買到（啤酒可以在某些地區的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="超級市場">超級市場</a>買到，其他酒類有專門的店舖發售）。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="美國總統">美國總統</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治·沃克·布希">喬治·沃克·布希</a>的兩個女兒曾經因未成年飲酒引起舉國嘩然。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E9%85%92%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="戒酒运动">戒酒運動</a>組織也有希望禁酒的分支。這些組織在全國性禁酒開始前，就已給美國帶來許多改變，在1905年的時候有三個州宣告酒是非法，1912年增加到九個，到1916年時，48個州裡有26個禁止酒的買賣。 </p><p> 雖然禁酒後販酒非法，但仍然很容易可以在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%85%92%E5%90%A7" title="地下酒吧">地下酒吧</a>（Speakeasy，意为輕聲說話）和其它地下組織買到，「地下酒吧」的名稱源於買者須輕聲說服看門人讓他們進去，看門人的工作是過濾看起來像禁酒探員的人，探員們沒有強行進入的職權，因此如果看門人不同意他們就沒辦法進入。也有很多人留有私人吧台，用來招待訪客。大量酒品從<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>經陸路或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E6%B9%96" title="五大湖">五大湖</a>走私進來，還有從<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E8%88%87%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聖皮耶與密克隆群島">聖皮耶與密克隆群島</a>，還有東岸<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9C%E9%85%92%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甜酒經營（页面不存在）">甜酒經營</a>走私線等。</p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prohibition_agents_destroying_barrels_of_alcohol_(United_States,_prohibition_era).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prohibition_agents_destroying_barrels_of_alcohol_%28United_States%2C_prohibition_era%29.jpg/250px-Prohibition_agents_destroying_barrels_of_alcohol_%28United_States%2C_prohibition_era%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prohibition_agents_destroying_barrels_of_alcohol_%28United_States%2C_prohibition_era%29.jpg/375px-Prohibition_agents_destroying_barrels_of_alcohol_%28United_States%2C_prohibition_era%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Prohibition_agents_destroying_barrels_of_alcohol_%28United_States%2C_prohibition_era%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>禁酒探員們正在銷毀酒</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg/250px-Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg/375px-Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg/500px-Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>用酒的醫療表單</figcaption></figure> <p>合法和不合法的家庭釀酒在禁酒令時期都很流行，家裡可以合法釀造一定數量的葡萄酒和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酒">蘋果酒</a>。也有一些商業販賣的葡萄酒，但只能從公賣局手中購買來供宗教儀式使用，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="美國聖公會">美國聖公會</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90" class="mw-redirect" title="聖餐">聖餐</a>，還有一些<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>的儀式。賣「麥芽和蛇麻草」的商店在全國各地冒起，很多前釀酒廠轉為販賣從麥芽提煉出來的糖漿，表面上是為了烘焙和「飲料」的用途。 </p><p>用醫生處方可以買到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%BF%8C" title="威士忌">威士忌</a>，處方上雖然有清楚標記醫療用途外的所有其他用途都是非法，但很多醫生還是隨意填寫發放這些處方，藥劑師也不會問任何問題，「病患」的數目因此戲劇性的大量增長。官方從未嘗試限制這些行為，所以很多人用這個方法來獲得酒，據估，醫生隨意發放的處方一年消費了超過一百萬加侖的酒。 </p><p>美國禁酒令的限制只在於酒的製造、販賣和運輸，不包括酒的持有和飲用，因此在第18憲法修正案前，就已經買或製造的酒在整個禁酒令時期都可以合法供應。 </p><p>有一些成就卓越的國民和政治家後來也承認曾在禁酒令時期喝酒，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="哈定">哈定總統</a>就讓自己白宮的私酒庫存一直是滿的，雖然他當參議員時候是投支持禁酒令一票，法律與具體實踐間的差異，導致許多人對官方的鄙視；有一些禁酒令的執法者收取賄賂，換取對幫派非法釀造睜一隻眼閉一隻眼。美國禁酒令在實行上有很多問題，事先估計推行禁酒令須要的花費是大約六百萬元，但在一段時間後更多人非法飲酒，更多的錢流入幫派口袋，幫派然後再用這些錢賄賂官員來忽視他們的非法行為，推行禁酒令的花費因此增加，這些錢有時候最終流入貪污的禁酒執法者手中。 </p><p>禁酒令提供了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA" title="有組織犯罪">有組織犯罪</a>的獲利機會，他們接管酒的進口（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E9%85%92" title="私酒">私酒業</a>）、製造和銷售，最著名的私酒業者之一<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%BD%AD" title="艾爾·卡彭">艾爾·卡彭</a>（Al Capone），他的犯罪帝國主要就是利用由從非法販酒得來的利潤建立。 </p><p>因為酒的製造主要是在犯罪者和秘密家庭釀造者手中，因此品質差異很大，有些人在喝了從工業酒精和有毒化學品製造的家庭私酒後瞎掉，或者腦部受損，其中一例事件是關於一個叫<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牙買加生薑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jamaica ginger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%94%9F%E8%96%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牙買加生薑（页面不存在）">牙買加生薑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_ginger" class="extiw" title="en:Jamaica ginger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jamaica ginger</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Jamaican ginger）的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="偏方">偏方</a>，使用者稱之為「傑克」（Jake），它有非常高的酒精含量。牙買加生薑因其姜<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="油树脂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oleoresin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B9%E6%A0%91%E8%84%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="油树脂（页面不存在）">油树脂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleoresin" class="extiw" title="en:Oleoresin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oleoresin</span></a></span>）</span></span>成分的味道而被归类为不可饮用，因此尽管含有酒精，但仍可以合法销售。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Hub Products Corporation的总裁哈里·格罗斯（<span lang="en">Harry Gross</span>）决定将<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%B8%89%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%AF" title="磷酸三甲苯酯">磷酸三甲苯酯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E6%BA%B6" title="混溶">混溶</a>入姜油树脂，以在生产更可口的酒精饮料的同时避免禁令检测。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>尽管磷酸三甲苯酯最初被认为是无毒的，但它后来被确定为一种神经毒素，并造成了数以万计的人足部和手部长期癱瘓，其中许多患者都受到了永久性的神经损伤。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；還有一些業餘蒸餾愛好者用老舊的汽車<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冷卻器（页面不存在）">冷卻器</a>來蒸餾酒飲。這樣生產出來的產品會有過高的鉛鹽含量，常導致致命的鉛中毒；非專業蒸餾對生產者也是一種危險，因為差勁的蒸餾器有時候會炸掉。 </p><p>也有不少含酒精產品酒精含量剛好在法定限制之下，稍微加工後這些產品可能可以和真的酒一樣，其中一個叫<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" class="mw-disambig" title="淡啤酒">淡啤酒</a>（near beer），剛好在法定0.5%的限制之下，雖然差不多是無酒精，但它提供了詳細按部就班的教學說明書，告知買者什麼是他們<b>不</b>應該做的，消費者因此可以很容易的按照提供的簡單教學自己製造含酒精啤酒。 </p><p>在1933年2月17日<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布萊恩法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blaine Act"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E8%90%8A%E6%81%A9%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布萊恩法（页面不存在）">布萊恩法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaine_Act" class="extiw" title="en:Blaine Act"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blaine Act</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Blaine Act）通過，將沃爾斯泰德法修正為容許3.2%酒精含量的飲料。同年12月5日第21憲法修正案通過，廢止了第18憲法修正案。 </p><p>很多1920年代的社會問題被歸成<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="禁酒時期">禁酒時期</a>問題，高利潤、動輒使用暴力的酒品黑市的繁榮，敲詐勒索因為執法官員的腐敗而盛行，烈酒的走私利潤較高使得烈酒反而更為流行，執行禁酒令的花費很高，又失去了來自酒品的稅收（約5億美元一年），使得國庫大受影響，1933年第21憲法修正案通過而撤消禁酒令，這使得有組織犯罪因來自合法賣酒商店的低價競爭，幾乎失去他們所有來自酒品黑市的利潤，黑帮的势力大为降低。但不久後這些有組織犯罪就改為販賣非法毒品。一些经济学家，如诺贝尔奖经济学家获得者<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%B0%91" title="米爾頓·佛利民">米爾頓·佛利民</a>（Milton Friedman）就反对“禁毒战争”，認為「向毒品宣戰」與禁酒令的本质相同。禁毒战争剥夺人的自由，更导致<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B8%82" title="黑市">黑市</a>交易和黑帮兴旺，但也有人認為這種比較不正確。 </p><p>禁酒令對美國釀酒產業有顯著的影響，禁酒令結束後，之前存在的釀酒廠大約只有一半重新開始營業，許多小型的釀酒廠就此永久倒閉。因為主要只有大型釀酒廠得以存活，美國啤酒被批評為缺乏個性、是大量生產出來的日用品，許多啤酒評論家們對美國啤酒品質的下降和種類的減少感到悲嘆，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗利次·梅塔格" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fritz Maytag"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E5%88%A9%E6%AC%A1%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗利次·梅塔格（页面不存在）">弗利次·梅塔格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Maytag" class="extiw" title="en:Fritz Maytag"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fritz Maytag</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Fritz Maytag）提倡的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E9%87%80%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小型釀酒（页面不存在）">小型釀酒</a>革命幫助美國釀酒業從後禁酒令的憂鬱期醒來。 </p><p>值得注意的是有研究显示<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>顯示在禁酒區，<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%89%E9%85%92%E9%A7%95%E9%A7%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="醉酒駕駛">醉酒駕駛</a>而導致交通意外的機率比非禁酒地區高。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="加拿大"><span id=".E5.8A.A0.E6.8B.BF.E5.A4.A7"></span>加拿大</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：加拿大"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E4%BB%A4" title="加拿大禁酒令">加拿大禁酒令</a></div> <p>加拿大為禁酒令在1898年辦了一次正式但不具約束力的公投，結果51.3%贊成48.7%反對，投票率44%，除<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克">魁北克</a>外所有省支持者都是多數，魁北克反對票達81.1%<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.quebecpolitique.com/referendums/ref05-en.html">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080515195603/http://www.quebecpolitique.com/referendums/ref05-en.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），雖然多數贊成但<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="威尔弗里德·劳雷尔">威爾弗里德·勞雷爾</a>（Wilfrid Laurier）政府決定不引進聯邦禁酒法案，可能原因是魁北克的強烈反對。 </p><p>因此，在20世紀前20年加拿大的禁酒令是由各省自行通過法律實行，<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="愛德華王子島">愛德華王子島</a>在1900年第一個引進禁酒令，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="亞伯達">亞伯達</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="安大略">安大略</a>在1916年，魁北克在1918年通過法案決定將在1919年禁酒直到第一次世界大戰結束，不過因為一戰在1918年就結束因此此省從未實施禁酒令。各省後來撤銷她們的禁酒法律，大多發生在1920年代，魁北克第一個在1920年，她是實施禁酒令時間最短的省，愛德華王子島最慢在1948年，亞伯達和薩克其萬在1924年撤銷，在發現此法無法落實後。 </p><p>在發現他們無法完全停止人們飲酒後，<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E9%85%92%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="戒酒运动">戒酒運動</a>擁護者利用酒飲控制委員會，成功施壓使所有省份和領土政府盡量縮減酒的銷售可能。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="欧洲"><span id=".E6.AC.A7.E6.B4.B2"></span>欧洲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：欧洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿爾巴尼亞"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E7.88.BE.E5.B7.B4.E5.B0.BC.E4.BA.9E"></span>阿爾巴尼亞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：阿爾巴尼亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>阿爾巴尼亞自從1912年脫離鄂圖曼帝國獨立至今一直沒有禁酒，大量阿爾巴尼亞國民日常生活視酒類為每日進食時的必需品，而國內有大量釀酒廠和酒精企業，由於阿爾巴尼亞的啤酒較意大利便宜，每逢旅遊旺季就有大量意大利遊客前來阿爾巴尼亞品嚐各類的酒品，釀酒業更是阿爾巴尼亞旅遊業和飲食業經濟支柱之一，部分酒莊設有旅遊導賞團提供釀酒和品酒體驗。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="科索沃"><span id=".E7.A7.91.E7.B4.A2.E6.B2.83"></span>科索沃</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：科索沃"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>與阿爾巴尼亞同宗同源的科索沃自獨立以來也沒有禁酒令，儘管全國有95%有信仰者為穆斯林，不過科索沃各大餐廳、士多、超級市場皆有提供大量酒類製品，國內亦有啤酒烈酒品牌且酒類廣告隨處可見。國民因世俗主義和西化也極為普遍時常會在公開場合飲酒，即使在齋戒月也會破戒飲酒，與中東的保守伊斯蘭國家差異甚大同時也較土耳其、阿塞拜疆、突尼斯等穆斯林佔多數的國家要開放，因此科索沃被視為最不像伊斯蘭而穆斯林又佔一半或以上的國家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英國"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E5.9C.8B"></span>英國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：英國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>英國從未頒布禁酒令，但受到自由黨員如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E5%90%88%C2%B7%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB" title="大衛·勞合·喬治">大衛·勞合·喬治</a>的倡議，特別是政治本部位於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%90%86%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="衛理公會">衛理公會</a>地區如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" title="威爾斯">威爾斯</a>的自由黨員。在第一次世界大戰時，英國限制酒品數量和加稅，並猛烈減少<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E9%A6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="酒馆">酒館</a>的營業時間，戰爭結束後，對數量的限制停止了，但稅和營業時間不變。酒館仍然是英國人的設施，但變得比較莊重，在1913年英格蘭和威爾斯有執照的酒館有88739家，1922年82054家，1930年是77821家。對啤酒的消費從1913年3500萬桶，跌至1918年1300萬桶，1920年恢復至2700萬桶，1927年以後維持在2000萬桶。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%BF%8C" title="威士忌">威士忌</a>和其它酒類下跌的很嚴重，從1913年的3170萬加侖，1920年2200萬加侖，到1930年的1000萬加侖。暈醉遭起訴的案子也劇烈減少，從1913年153112男和35765女，1922年63253男和13094女，至1930年44683男和8397女。[<i>Statistical Abstract of U.K., 1930</i> pp. 88] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北歐五國"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E6.AD.90.E4.BA.94.E5.9C.8B"></span>北歐五國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：北歐五國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%94%E5%9C%8B" title="北歐五國">北歐五國</a>，除了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>，有悠久的節制喝酒傳統，冰島從1915年到1922年實行禁酒令（啤酒禁到1989年），<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>1916年到1927年，芬蘭1919年到1932年，瑞典從1914年到1955年實施一種配額制度，並在1922年發動<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8" title="瑞典公民投票">完全禁酒公投</a>，但未通過，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%85%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="法羅群島">法羅群島</a>禁酒至1992年。今天的北歐各國，除了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>，嚴格控制酒品販賣，設立政府<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3" title="專賣">專賣</a>公司賣酒給消費者，例如挪威<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%85%92%E5%B1%80" title="挪威國家酒局">挪威國家酒局</a>，瑞典<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Systembolaget" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Systembolaget"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systembolaget&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systembolaget（页面不存在）">Systembolaget</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systembolaget" class="extiw" title="en:Systembolaget"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Systembolaget</span></a></span>）</span></span>，冰島<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Vínbúð" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vínbúð"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%ADnb%C3%BA%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vínbúð（页面不存在）">Vínbúð</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADnb%C3%BA%C3%B0" class="extiw" title="en:Vínbúð"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vínbúð</span></a></span>）</span></span>和芬蘭<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alko" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alko"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alko（页面不存在）">Alko</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alko" class="extiw" title="en:Alko"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alko</span></a></span>）</span></span>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E9%82%A3%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯堪的那維亞">斯堪的那維亞</a>的戒酒運動與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%84%E8%89%AF%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="善良武士國際組織（页面不存在）">善良武士國際組織</a>有密切連繫，這些希望政府嚴格管制酒的消費的組織，在過去幾十年會員數和活動不斷減少，但現在又開始增長，例如瑞典IOGT-NTO在2005年淨增12500名會員<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="俄國和蘇聯"><span id=".E4.BF.84.E5.9C.8B.E5.92.8C.E8.98.87.E8.81.AF"></span>俄國和蘇聯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：俄國和蘇聯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄國和蘇聯禁酒令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%92%8C%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄國和蘇聯禁酒令（页面不存在）">俄國和蘇聯禁酒令</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union</span></a></span>）</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a>1914年開始一種變相禁酒，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F%E9%85%92" title="蒸馏酒">蒸餾酒</a>僅限於餐廳販賣，此法在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="俄國革命">俄國革命</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="俄國內戰">俄國內戰</a>混亂中繼續實施延續至<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>時期，直到1925年為止。 </p><p>1985年-1988年间<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E4%B9%94%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="戈尔巴乔夫">戈尔巴乔夫</a>颁布了部分禁酒的《关于消除酗酒的措施》，抬高<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%A0" title="伏特加">伏特加</a>、白酒和啤酒的价格，销售的时间和数量受到限制，饮酒场景从电影中剪辑掉，伏特加生产转入地下。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="亚洲"><span id=".E4.BA.9A.E6.B4.B2"></span>亚洲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：亚洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B"></span>中國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：中國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在中国，酒文化属于中国文化的一部分，祭天祭祖等祭祀活动必须用酒。中国历史上没有现代意义上的完全的禁酒令，但历史上有时会因各种原因限制人们过度饮酒。 </p><p>《尚书·<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E8%AA%A5" title="酒誥">酒诰</a>》是<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="周公">周公</a>命康叔在殷商故地<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%BD" title="卫国">卫国</a>劝诫人民不要酗酒的诰辞。但它不同于现代意义上的禁酒令。《酒诰》仅仅是劝诫人民不要酗酒，并且表示可以在祭祀的时候饮酒，且要将酒食进献给老人、君长，且没有提到惩罚。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="西漢">西漢</a>初年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9E%E7%9B%B8" title="丞相">丞相</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%95%AD%E4%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="蕭何">蕭何</a>曾制定法律限制人們聚集飲酒，並制定了「三人以上無故群飲酒，罰金四兩」這樣的法律條文。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="東漢">東漢</a>晚期，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E6%93%8D" title="曹操">曹操</a>曾經為了因應糧食短缺的問題及戰爭的需要而禁酒，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E8%9E%8D" title="孔融">孔融</a>曾為此寫《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E6%9B%B9%E5%85%AC%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="s:難曹公禁酒書">難曹公禁酒書</a>》表達抗議；除此之外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%82%99" class="mw-redirect" title="劉備">劉備</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="呂布">呂布</a>也曾一定程度上禁酒。 </p><p>现在，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>的法律禁止向未满18岁的未成年人售酒，并未规定最低饮酒年龄。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="战国时代 (日本)">日本戰國時代</a>時，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%8B" title="陸奧國">陸奧國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%86%E5%90%8D%E7%9B%9B%E6%B0%8F" title="蘆名盛氏">蘆名盛氏</a>也曾經兩度頒布禁酒令，第一次理由不明，第二次是因為嫡男盛興中酒毒而死去。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據現時香港法律, 未滿18歲人士都不能購買含酒精飲品。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="印度"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.BA.A6"></span>印度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：印度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度禁酒令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alcohol prohibition in India"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度禁酒令（页面不存在）">印度禁酒令</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" class="extiw" title="en:Alcohol prohibition in India"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alcohol prohibition in India</span></a></span>）</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>境内有四个邦（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E9%82%A6" title="古吉拉特邦">古吉拉特邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="比哈尔邦">比哈尔邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="曼尼普尔邦">曼尼普尔邦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B0%E9%82%A6" title="那加兰邦">那加兰邦</a>）和一个中央直辖区（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="拉克沙群島">拉克沙群岛</a>）施行全面禁酒，但在古吉拉特邦，外国游客和居住在印度其他地区的游客可以申请买酒许可。某些<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%81%87%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="國定假日">國定假日</a>如獨立日和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="甘地">甘地</a>出生紀念日不應喝酒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="澳洲"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E6.B4.B2"></span>澳洲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：澳洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg/220px-Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg/330px-Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg/440px-Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>1928年禁酒令廢除後第一批運往<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%9F%B9%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="坎培拉">坎培拉</a>的酒。</figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳洲</a>各處偏遠地區分布許多禁酒的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲原住民">原住民</a>社區，將酒運入這些社區會受到嚴重懲罰，使用的載具也可能會被充公，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="北領地">北領地</a>的禁酒地區，所有用來運酒的運輸工具都會被沒收且不得上訴。 </p><p>澳洲有不少地方曾經禁酒，包括首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%9F%B9%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="坎培拉">坎培拉</a>，此地曾在1910年至1928年禁酒，政治家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金·歐馬利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="King O'Malley"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%C2%B7%E6%AD%90%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金·歐馬利（页面不存在）">金·歐馬利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_O%27Malley" class="extiw" title="en:King O'Malley"><span lang="en" dir="auto">King O'Malley</span></a></span>）</span></span>（King O'Malley）在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞首都特區">首都特區</a>剛成立時，在當時還在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%88%BE%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="墨爾本">墨爾本</a>的聯邦國會立法將之定為禁酒區，聯邦國會在1927年從墨爾本搬至坎培拉後，新國會最早通過的法案之一就是廢除歐馬利的禁酒令。 </p><p>一些墨爾本的週邊城鎮曾長時間禁止賣酒（不限消費），其中一兩個還存在，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿斯科特溪谷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ascot Vale, Victoria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E6%BA%AA%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿斯科特溪谷（页面不存在）">阿斯科特溪谷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascot_Vale,_Victoria" class="extiw" title="en:Ascot Vale, Victoria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ascot Vale, Victoria</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Ascot Vale）在剛設立時是禁酒小鎮，但很快就有旅館在城鎮外緣設立。 </p><p>與之相似，農業小鎮<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89" title="米爾杜拉">米爾杜拉</a>（Mildura）在1887年剛設立時也是禁止賣酒，這是由她的建立者恰飛兄弟（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="George Chaffey" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="George Chaffey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Chaffey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Chaffey（页面不存在）">George Chaffey</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Chaffey" class="extiw" title="en:George Chaffey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">George Chaffey</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="William Chaffey" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William Chaffey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Chaffey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Chaffey（页面不存在）">William Chaffey</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Chaffey" class="extiw" title="en:William Chaffey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William Chaffey</span></a></span>）</span></span>）制定，但酒隨時可以從附近的<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="溫特沃斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wentworth, New South Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="溫特沃斯">溫特沃斯</a></span></span>（Wentworth）買到，最終禁令解除。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="伊斯兰世界"><span id=".E4.BC.8A.E6.96.AF.E5.85.B0.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C"></span>伊斯兰世界</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：伊斯兰世界"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>禁止饮酒的条文来自《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a>》第五章·筵席 </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">第七卷<br /> <p>90.信道的人们啊！饮酒、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8C%E5%8D%9A" title="赌博">赌博</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E5%83%8F%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="偶像崇拜">拜像</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%82%E7%B1%A4" title="求籤">求签</a>，只是一种秽行，只是恶魔的行为，故当远离，以便你们成功。<br /> 91.恶魔惟愿你们因饮酒和赌博而互相仇恨，并且阻止你们记念真主，和谨守拜功。你们将戒除吗﹖<br /> </p> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>同时，《古兰经》没有明确禁止穆斯林携带、触碰酒水。记录先知<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a>言行的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="圣训">圣训</a>》中，穆罕默德不仅谴责饮酒者，同时谴责制作、销售、购买、搬运酒水的人<sup id="cite_ref-sohu1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sohu1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此形成穆斯林对酒的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="禁忌">禁忌</a><sup id="cite_ref-sohu1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sohu1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中亞、北非"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.BA.9E.E3.80.81.E5.8C.97.E9.9D.9E"></span>中亞、北非</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：中亞、北非"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%83%8F%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="沙烏地阿拉伯">沙烏地阿拉伯</a>完全禁止酒的生產、進口或消費，並對違反者設立嚴厲懲罰，包括從數個禮拜到數個月的監禁和鞭刑。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a>也一樣。雖然這是沙烏地阿拉伯的官方立場，但有錢到足以藐視法律的居民經常違反，國內也有一些地方可以買到豬肉和酒。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在1991年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="海灣戰爭">海灣戰爭</a>期間，聯軍禁止部隊飲酒以示對當地信仰的尊重。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="卡達">卡達</a>禁止酒的進口，在公共場所喝酒或暈醉可能會導致入獄或是被驅逐出境，不過在有執照的旅館餐廳和酒吧可以買到，卡達的外國居民也可以從合法管道取得酒。例如在<a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83" title="2022年國際足協世界盃">世界杯</a>期间，当局就在球迷村内开设了向外国球迷售卖啤酒的摊位。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯聯合大公國">阿拉伯聯合大公國</a>將買酒限制為只有有居住許可證，而且有內政部的買酒執照的外國非<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>人得以買酒，不過酒吧、俱樂部和其他有買酒執照的設施不受這種限制。 </p><p>不同于其他国家，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a>是第一个该地区允許飲酒的国家，她也因此被誉为“最進步和最早繁榮”的海灣國家，受那些穿越<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%B5%AB%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" title="法赫德国王大桥">堤道</a>從沙烏地阿拉伯來的人的好評。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="伊朗回教革命">1979年革命</a>後不久開始限制酒的消費和生產，並對違反者給予苛刻的懲罰，不過官方承認的非穆斯林少數民族可以生產葡萄酒，供他們自己消費和宗教儀式如<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E7%A6%AE" title="聖餐禮">聖餐禮</a>使用。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E7%8F%AD" title="塔利班">塔利班</a>統治<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>期間，饮酒对于本国人和外国人都是明令禁止的。但塔利班被趕走後，對外國人的禁令取消，外國人可以在一些商店出示護照證明自己是外國人買酒。但在塔利班重新上台后则恢复了原先的禁令。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="利比亞">利比亞</a>禁止進口、販賣和消費酒，並對違反者重罰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="南亚"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E4.BA.9A"></span>南亚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：南亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>從1947年開始允許酒的自由販賣和使用，但在1977年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E5%8B%92%E8%8F%B2%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%89%98" title="佐勒菲卡尔·阿里·布托">佐勒菲卡爾·阿里·布托</a>（Zulfikar Ali Bhutto）總理下台前一個禮拜定出限制，自此後，只有非穆斯林的少數族群如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="印度教徒">印度教徒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%A3%E7%BE%85%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="瑣羅亞斯德教">瑣羅亞斯德教徒</a>（拜火教）可以申請買酒許可，每月的配額量取決於他們的收入，通常是約5瓶烈酒或100瓶啤酒，在這個1億6千萬人口的國家，只有約60個可以賣酒的集市，且只賣合法的酒釀，例如在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%93%81%E7%AC%AC" title="拉瓦尔品第">拉瓦尔品第</a>（Rawalpindi）是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫里啤酒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Murree Brewery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫里啤酒（页面不存在）">莫里啤酒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murree_Brewery" class="extiw" title="en:Murree Brewery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Murree Brewery</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Murree Brewery）。禁酒令由伊斯蘭思想委員會監督，受到嚴格執行，不過宗教少數族群們常將他們的買酒許可賣給穆斯林，酒的黑市也一直存在。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉国</a>也執行禁酒令，但一些有執照的旅館和餐廳可以賣酒給外國人，外國人也可以進口少量酒供私人使用。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬爾地夫">馬爾地夫</a>禁止進口酒，釀造酒只有外國觀光客能在度假島買，且不得攜離本国。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="汶萊"><span id=".E6.B1.B6.E8.90.8A"></span>汶萊</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：汶萊"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>非穆斯林可帶少量酒入境供私人使用。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非伊斯兰国家的穆斯林社区"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E4.BC.8A.E6.96.AF.E5.85.B0.E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6.E7.9A.84.E7.A9.86.E6.96.AF.E6.9E.97.E7.A4.BE.E5.8C.BA"></span>非伊斯兰国家的穆斯林社区</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：非伊斯兰国家的穆斯林社区"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在中华人民共和国，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国商务部">商务部</a>2005年第25号令《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%92%E7%B1%BB%E6%B5%81%E9%80%9A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酒类流通管理办法（页面不存在）">酒类流通管理办法</a>》和《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》规定，仅禁止向<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="未成年人">未成年人</a>出售酒水<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而中国大陆的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>社区则要求<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F" title="清真">清真</a>餐厅和商店禁止出售酒水。以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9B%9E%E5%9D%8A" title="西安回坊">西安回坊</a>为例，曾多次出现禁酒号召，要求清真餐厅和商店不得经营酒类<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>现在，绝大多数清真餐厅都不会出售酒水并谢绝客人在店饮酒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="禁酒的政治"><span id=".E7.A6.81.E9.85.92.E7.9A.84.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>禁酒的政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：禁酒的政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>禁酒也與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="民族主義">民族主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="法西斯主義">法西斯主義</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="女性主義">女性主義</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="政治運動">政治運動</a>扯上關係。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="墨索里尼">墨索里尼</a>統治下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>曾經關閉了數千家酒吧。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="希特勒">希特勒</a>雖然不喜喝酒，但沒有命令<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">德國</a>禁酒。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3K%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="3K党">3K黨</a>亦支持禁酒。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>在十九世紀將「免於酒精的束縛」連繫到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a>的自主。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參见"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A7.81"></span>參见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：參见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E7%83%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="禁烟">禁烟</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>參考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：參考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 32em; -webkit-column-width: 32em; column-width: 32em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visionthai.net/article/thailand-alcoholic-beverages-bans/">【泰國限酒/禁酒須知】在泰國買酒喝酒要看時間！規定看完再開喝</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20210401000503-260106?chdtv">校園行銷理性飲酒教長不支持</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512073249/https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20210401000503-260106?chdtv">存档</a>于2024-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.btitle=%E6%A0%A1%E5%9C%92%E8%A1%8C%E9%8A%B7%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E9%A3%B2%E9%85%92+%E6%95%99%E9%95%B7%E4%B8%8D%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatimes.com%2Fnewspapers%2F20210401000503-260106%3Fchdtv&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《战国策·魏策二》：梁王魏婴觞诸侯于范台。酒酣，请鲁君举觞。鲁君兴，避席择言曰：“昔者，帝女令仪狄作酒而美，进之禹，禹饮而甘之，遂疏仪狄，绝旨酒，曰：‘后世必有以酒亡其国者。’</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benton and DiYanni. <i>Arts and Culture, An Introduction to the Humanities</i>. Volume One. Fourth Edition. Pearson. p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/LIBRARY/studies/nc/nc2a.htm">History of Alcohol Prohibition</a>. National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-12-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421075132/https://www.druglibrary.org/Schaffer/LIBRARY/studies/nc/nc2a.htm">存档</a>于2021-04-21） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.btitle=History+of+Alcohol+Prohibition&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Commission+on+Marihuana+and+Drug+Abuse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.druglibrary.org%2Fschaffer%2FLIBRARY%2Fstudies%2Fnc%2Fnc2a.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Parascandola, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1382135">The Public Health Service and Jamaica Ginger Paralysis in the 1930s</a>. PHS Chronicles. May–June 1995, <b>110</b> (3): 361–363. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1382135"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 1382135</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7610232"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 7610232</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.atitle=The+Public+Health+Service+and+Jamaica+Ginger+Paralysis+in+the+1930s&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Parascandola&rft.date=1995-05%2F1995-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=PHS+Chronicles&rft.pages=361-363&rft.volume=110&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1382135&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1382135&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7610232&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Davis, Frederick Rowe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kuIdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13">Banned: A History of Pesticides and the Science of Toxicology</a>. Yale University Press. 2014-11-28: 14. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780300210378" title="Special:网络书源/9780300210378"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780300210378</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Rowe&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.btitle=Banned%3A+A+History+of+Pesticides+and+the+Science+of+Toxicology&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780300210378&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkuIdBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fortin, Neal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/jamaican-ginger-paralysis">Jamaican Ginger Paralysis - Institute for Food Laws and Regulations</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michigan_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michigan State University（页面不存在）">Michigan State University</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2021]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210328054148/https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/jamaican-ginger-paralysis">存档</a>于March 28, 2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.atitle=Jamaican+Ginger+Paralysis+-+Institute+for+Food+Laws+and+Regulations&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft.aulast=Fortin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michigan+State+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canr.msu.edu%2Fnews%2Fjamaican-ginger-paralysis&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schulte Gary SL, Aultman-Hall L, McCourt M, Stamatiadis N.. Consideration of driver home county prohibition and alcohol-related vehicle crashes-<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12850064?dopt=Abstract&report=docsum">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12850064?dopt=Abstract&report=docsum</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190624220141/crashes-http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12850064?dopt=Abstract&report=docsum">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Accid Anal Prev., 2003.<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David T. Courtwright. 《上癮五百年》. 立緖文化. 2002: 第290頁. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9570411589" title="Special:网络书源/9570411589"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9570411589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.au=David+T.+Courtwright&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%8A%E7%99%AE%E4%BA%94%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9570411589&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC290%E9%A0%81&rft.pub=%E7%AB%8B%E7%B7%96%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120730002052/http://www.cnicw.gov.cn/info_disp.php?id=1739">禁酒：俄罗斯的沉重话题</a>. 宁波市廉政文化研究会. 2005-03-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-01-06</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnicw.gov.cn/info_disp.php?id=1739">原始内容</a>存档于2012-07-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.atitle=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%EF%BC%9A%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%B2%89%E9%87%8D%E8%AF%9D%E9%A2%98&rft.date=2005-03-22&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnicw.gov.cn%2Finfo_disp.php%3Fid%3D1739&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sohu1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sohu1_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sohu1_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">作者：Kwame Anthony Appiah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sohu.com/a/159525253_266318">穆斯林司机拒绝帮客人搬酒他应该被开除吗？</a>. 编译：王智慧. 搜狐网，原文出自：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="纽约时报">纽约时报</a>网站. 2017-07-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103165601/https://www.sohu.com/a/159525253_266318">存档</a>于2021-01-03） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.atitle=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%B8%E6%9C%BA%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%B8%AE%E5%AE%A2%E4%BA%BA%E6%90%AC%E9%85%92%E4%BB%96%E5%BA%94%E8%AF%A5%E8%A2%AB%E5%BC%80%E9%99%A4%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F&rft.au=%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%EF%BC%9AKwame+Anthony+Appiah&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%EF%BC%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F159525253_266318&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">作者：Mairead McArdle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/mairead-mcardle/eeoc-awards-240k-muslim-truck-drivers-fired-refusing-deliver-alcohol">Muslim Truck Drivers Fired for Refusing to Deliver Beer Awarded $240K</a>. cnsnews.com. 2015-11-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103165603/https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/mairead-mcardle/eeoc-awards-240k-muslim-truck-drivers-fired-refusing-deliver-alcohol">存档</a>于2021-01-03） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.au=%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%EF%BC%9AMairead+McArdle&rft.btitle=Muslim+Truck+Drivers+Fired+for+Refusing+to+Deliver+Beer+Awarded+%24240K&rft.date=2015-11-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=cnsnews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnsnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fmairead-mcardle%2Feeoc-awards-240k-muslim-truck-drivers-fired-refusing-deliver-alcohol&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">聯合新聞網. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8662/7733020">沙烏地第一家酒類商店：僅限外交官購買，開放向非穆斯林售酒的先行試驗？</a>. 轉角國際 udn Global. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-07-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240717152658/https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8662/7733020">存档</a>于2024-07-17） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%99%E7%83%8F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%B6%E9%85%92%E9%A1%9E%E5%95%86%E5%BA%97%EF%BC%9A%E5%83%85%E9%99%90%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%AE%98%E8%B3%BC%E8%B2%B7%EF%BC%8C%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%90%91%E9%9D%9E%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%94%AE%E9%85%92%E7%9A%84%E5%85%88%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97%EF%BC%9F&rft.au=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%BD%89%E8%A7%92%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B+udn+Global&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.udn.com%2Fglobal_vision%2Fstory%2F8662%2F7733020&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/10/1047144915849.html?from=moreStories">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-05-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216115749/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/10/1047144915849.html?from=moreStories">存档</a>于2017-02-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2003%2F03%2F10%2F1047144915849.html%3Ffrom%3DmoreStories&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdnsw.mofe.gov.bn/Pages/PassengerConcessions.aspx">PassengerConcessions</a>. bdnsw.mofe.gov.bn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-09-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924080406/https://bdnsw.mofe.gov.bn/Pages/PassengerConcessions.aspx">存档</a>于2024-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.atitle=PassengerConcessions&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bdnsw.mofe.gov.bn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdnsw.mofe.gov.bn%2FPages%2FPassengerConcessions.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/b/d/200511/20051100748397.html">酒类流通管理办法</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20071115041338/http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/b/d/200511/20051100748397.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》第十九条酒类经营者不得向未成年人销售酒类商品，并应当在经营场所显著位置予以明示。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">作者：马强. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacilution.com/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=5144">城市化进程中的伊斯兰教问题与消解：以西安为例</a>. 普世社会科学研究网. 2014-08-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-12-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103165631/http://www.pacilution.com/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=5144">存档</a>于2021-01-03） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&rft.au=%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%EF%BC%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%BC%BA&rft.btitle=%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E6%B6%88%E8%A7%A3%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%A5%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B&rft.date=2014-08-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacilution.com%2FShowArticle.asp%3FArticleID%3D5144&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/chinese/archive/2007-04/m2007-04-15-voa32.cfm">美国历史上的禁酒、开禁和现状</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20081206050600/http://www.voanews.com/chinese/archive/2007-04/m2007-04-15-voa32.cfm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&ArticleId=A0006515">Prohibition in Canada</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131006101824/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&ArticleId=A0006515">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%87%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7" title="酒精與健康">酒精與健康</a>及相關社會問題</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">種類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="酒精">酒精</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92" title="酒">酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87_(%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9)" title="乙醇 (藥物)">乙醇 (藥物)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%80%E9%80%A0%E9%85%92" title="釀造酒">釀造酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="葡萄酒">葡萄酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="啤酒">啤酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E5%9A%BC%E9%85%92" title="口嚼酒">口嚼酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%88%E9%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="烈酒">烈酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F%E9%85%92" title="蒸馏酒">蒸餾酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%BF%8C" title="威士忌">威士忌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B2%B1%E9%85%92" title="高粱酒">高粱酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%A0" title="伏特加">伏特加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B4%E9%85%92" title="琴酒">琴酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="水果酒">水果酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92" title="酒">酒精飲料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="酒精飲料列表">酒精飲料列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">依賴與危害</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E4%BD%93%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96" title="身体依赖">身體依賴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96" title="心理依赖">心理依賴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1%E7%B1%BB%E8%87%B4%E7%99%8C%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="1类致癌物">1類致癌物</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">作用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%84%A6%E6%85%AE%E8%97%A5" title="抗焦慮藥">抗焦慮藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE%E9%9D%9C%E5%8A%91" title="鎮靜劑">鎮靜劑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A3%E5%BF%AB" title="欣快">欣快</a>劑</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%9C%A0%E8%8D%AF" title="安眠药">安眠藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E8%97%A5%E7%99%82" title="自我藥療">自我藥療</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">具體影響</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E5%B0%8D%E8%80%81%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="酒精對老化的影響">酒精對老化的影響</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%87%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="酒精與癌症">酒精與癌症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%87%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="酒精與心血管疾病">酒精與心血管疾病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%87%E4%B9%B3%E7%99%8C" title="酒精與乳癌">酒精與乳癌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="情感障礙">情感障礙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E5%B0%8D%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="酒精對記憶的影響">酒精對記憶的影響</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="飲酒與睡眠" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alcohol use and sleep"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%B2%E9%85%92%E8%88%87%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飲酒與睡眠（页面不存在）">飲酒與睡眠</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_use_and_sleep" class="extiw" title="en:Alcohol use and sleep"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alcohol use and sleep</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E8%80%90%E5%8F%97%E6%80%A7" title="酒精耐受性">酒精耐受性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E4%BE%9D%E8%B3%B4" title="酒精依賴">酒精依賴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="酒精中毒">酒精中毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E4%B8%8D%E7%95%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8" title="酒精不當使用">酒精不當使用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E9%86%89" title="宿醉">宿醉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%80%A7%E5%A4%B1%E6%99%BA" title="酒精相關性失智">酒精相關性失智</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%80%A7%E8%82%9D%E7%97%85" title="酒精性肝病">酒精性肝病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%80%A7%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="酒精性肝炎">酒精性肝炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E7%99%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="成癮人格">成癮人格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%88%92%E6%96%B7%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4" title="酒精戒斷症候群">酒精戒斷症候群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA" title="酒精相關犯罪">酒精相關犯罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92%E5%B0%8D%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="葡萄酒對健康的影響">葡萄酒對健康的影響</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藥物濫用預防" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Substance abuse prevention"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E6%BF%AB%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%90%E9%98%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藥物濫用預防（页面不存在）">藥物濫用預防</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse_prevention" class="extiw" title="en:Substance abuse prevention"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Substance abuse prevention</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">戒酒</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E8%A7%A3%E6%AF%92" title="酒精解毒">酒精解毒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藥物康復治療" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drug rehabilitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%A9%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藥物康復治療（页面不存在）">藥物康復治療</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" class="extiw" title="en:Drug rehabilitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drug rehabilitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D%E6%88%92%E9%85%92%E6%9C%83" title="匿名戒酒會">匿名戒酒會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">節制</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="0-0-1-3酒精不當使用防治計畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="0-0-1-3"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=0-0-1-3%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E4%B8%8D%E7%95%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="0-0-1-3酒精不當使用防治計畫（页面不存在）">0-0-1-3酒精不當使用防治計畫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-0-1-3" class="extiw" title="en:0-0-1-3"><span lang="en" dir="auto">0-0-1-3</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國對含咖啡因酒類禁令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%8D%E5%90%AB%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0%E9%85%92%E9%A1%9E%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國對含咖啡因酒類禁令（页面不存在）">美國對含咖啡因酒類禁令</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks" class="extiw" title="en:ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">禁酒令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E4%BB%A4" title="美國禁酒令">美國禁酒令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="禁酒運動">禁酒運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">酒與宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8D%E9%85%92%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E" title="基督教對酒的觀點">基督教對酒的觀點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%85%92" title="聖經中的酒">聖經中的酒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教與飲酒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion and alcohol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E9%A3%B2%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教與飲酒（页面不存在）">宗教與飲酒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and alcohol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion and alcohol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="酒神">酒神</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">社會問題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="酒精飲料廣告">酒精飲料廣告</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國原住民與酒精飲料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alcohol and Native Americans"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E8%88%87%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國原住民與酒精飲料（页面不存在）">美國原住民與酒精飲料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" class="extiw" title="en:Alcohol and Native Americans"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alcohol and Native Americans</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%97%E9%85%92" title="酗酒">酗酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%A3%B2" title="暴飲">暴飲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="血液酒精濃度">血液酒精濃度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="家庭暴力">家庭暴力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E5%BE%8C%E9%A7%95%E9%A7%9B" title="酒後駕駛">酒後駕駛</a></li> <li>中華人民共和國<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%89%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%A5%E5%88%91" title="醉驾入刑">醉驾入刑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%97%E9%85%92%E5%8E%AD%E9%A3%9F%E7%97%87" title="酗酒厭食症">酗酒厭食症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%82%96%E8%AB%96" title="法國悖論">法國悖論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E9%85%92" title="私酒">私酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%87%E6%80%A7" title="酒精與性">酒精與性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罪孽稅" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="sin tax"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%BD%E7%A8%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罪孽稅（页面不存在）">罪孽稅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sin_tax" class="extiw" title="en:sin tax"><span lang="en" dir="auto">sin tax</span></a></span>）</span></span> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E5%8F%A4%E7%A8%8E" title="庇古税">庇古稅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="禁酒運動">禁酒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E9%85%97%E9%85%92" title="青少年時期酗酒">青少年時期酗酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E9%A3%B2%E9%85%92%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="美國青年飲酒問題">美國青年飲酒問題</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一般</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9D%E9%85%92%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%AD%E6%9C%9F%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="喝酒的短期影響">喝酒的短期影響</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9D%E9%85%92%E7%9A%84%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="喝酒的長期影響">喝酒的長期影響</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%87%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7" title="酒精與健康">酒精與健康</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="酒精標準單位">酒精標準單位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="酒精教育">酒精教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="酒類法律">酒類法律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%B3%95%E9%A3%B2%E9%85%92%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A1" title="合法飲酒年齡">合法飲酒年齡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92%E6%B3%95" title="葡萄酒法">葡萄酒法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="酒精飲料廣告">酒精飲料廣告</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92%E6%A8%99%E7%B1%A4" title="葡萄酒標籤">葡萄酒標籤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E9%85%92%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="韩国酒文化">韓國酒文化</a></li></ul> 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