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<div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-各地專賣制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地專賣制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>各地專賣制度</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地專賣制度-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地專賣制度子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地專賣制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-臺灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>臺灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韓國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韓國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>韓國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韓國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國大陆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國大陆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>中國大陆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國大陆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西方國家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西方國家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>西方國家</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西方國家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>另見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">專賣</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。19种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_inhisar%C4%B1" title="Dövlət inhisarı – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövlət inhisarı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoli_p%C3%BAblic" title="Monopoli públic – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monopoli públic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsmonopol" title="Staatsmonopol – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatsmonopol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_monopoly" title="State monopoly – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="State monopoly" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctata_monopolo" title="Ŝtata monopolo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtata monopolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolio_p%C3%BAblico" title="Monopolio público – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monopolio público" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtion_monopoli" title="Valtion monopoli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valtion monopoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopole_public" title="Monopole public – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monopole public" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99" title="מונופול ממשלתי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונופול ממשלתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoli_negara" title="Monopoli negara – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monopoli negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolio_di_Stato" title="Monopolio di Stato – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monopolio di Stato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%82%E5%A3%B2%E5%88%B6" title="専売制 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="専売制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EB%8F%85%EC%A0%90" title="국가독점 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국가독점" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Государственная монополия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственная монополия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="அரசதனியுரிமை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசதனியுரிமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_tekeli" title="Devlet tekeli – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Devlet tekeli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Державна монополія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Державна монополія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davlat_monopoliyasi" title="Davlat monopoliyasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Davlat monopoliyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7" title="Độc quyền của chính phủ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độc quyền của chính phủ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2634516#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="/zh-cn/%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div 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title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><b>專賣</b>是指一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a>，利用自身拥有的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B" title="行政權力">行政特权</a>，為了介入人民的生活，達到控制社会的效果，又能對徵加政府的稅收、資金來源所採取的措施。因此，對於人民生活所<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E5%93%81" title="必需品">必需之物品</a>或是為了維護政府統治的安全性來說，壟斷資源，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="食鹽">食鹽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92" title="酒">酒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E8%91%89" class="mw-redirect" title="茶葉">茶葉</a>等，由<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a>獨佔經營，不許私人參與。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地專賣制度"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E5.B0.88.E8.B3.A3.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>各地專賣制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：各地專賣制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="臺灣"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3"></span>臺灣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：臺灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>臺灣日治初期陸續實施鴉片、鹽、樟腦專賣，並在1901年設立<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣總督府專賣局">臺灣總督專賣局</a>，並陸續實施香菸（1905年）、酒類（1922年）、啤酒（1933年）、無水酒精（1939年）、度量衡器（1942年）、火柴（1942年）、石油（1942年）、鹽滷汁（1944年）等專賣<sup id="cite_ref-台灣的菸業_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-台灣的菸業-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:56</sup>。二戰後，台灣的專賣事務改由<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%8F%B8%E9%85%92%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="臺灣菸酒公司">台灣省菸酒公賣局</a>負責，只剩菸草、酒、樟腦專賣（1968年結束），菸酒專賣則在台灣於2002年，以<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E6%BE%8E%E9%87%91%E9%A6%AC%E5%80%8B%E5%88%A5%E9%97%9C%E7%A8%85%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F" title="臺澎金馬個別關稅領域">臺澎金馬個別關稅領域</a>加入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="世界貿易組織">世界貿易組織</a>後，隨菸酒公賣局在同年改制為「<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%8F%B8%E9%85%92%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="臺灣菸酒公司">臺灣菸酒股份有限公司</a>」而廢止<b>。</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="幕府 (日本)">幕府</a>江戶時代中期實施米、金銀箔、石灰、銅等專賣，各藩為了增加財政收入，則有規定其他的專賣品，例如紙、炭、棉花、絲綢、茶、香菸等。明治維新之後，在1898年設置<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大藏省專賣局" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="大蔵省専売局"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%9C%81%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大藏省專賣局（页面不存在）">大藏省專賣局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%94%B5%E7%9C%81%E5%B0%82%E5%A3%B2%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="ja:大蔵省専売局"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">大蔵省専売局</span></a></span>）</span></span>，並實施菸草專賣，1903年實施粗製樟腦及樟腦油專賣，1905年實施鹽專賣，1937年實施酒精專賣，1943年實施石油專賣。 </p><p>二戰後，專賣局在1949年改為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="日本專賣公社">日本專賣公社</a>，負責菸、鹽、樟腦專賣。樟腦專賣在1962年廢止，香菸專賣則隨日本專賣公社在1985年民營化改制為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%85%99%E8%8D%89%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="日本煙草產業">日本菸草產業株式會社</a>」而廢止，鹽專賣則是在1996年廢止，而日本菸草產業株式會社的鹽務部門獨立為「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="財團法人鹽事業中心" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="塩事業センター"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A1%E5%9C%98%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E9%B9%BD%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="財團法人鹽事業中心（页面不存在）">財團法人鹽事業中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:塩事業センター"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">塩事業センター</span></a></span>）</span></span>」；酒類專賣則在2001年才廢止。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="韓國"><span id=".E9.9F.93.E5.9C.8B"></span>韓國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：韓國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮半島在13世紀末的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%BD%E5%BF%A0%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="高丽忠宣王">高麗忠宣王</a>統治時期開始實施權鹽法，開始鹽專賣。1908年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國">大韓帝國</a>實施《紅蔘專賣法》，並直到1996年才廢除人參專賣。在朝鮮日治時期，設有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朝鮮總督府專賣局" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="朝鮮総督府専売局"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鮮總督府專賣局（页面不存在）">朝鮮總督府專賣局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%B7%8F%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%82%E5%A3%B2%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="ja:朝鮮総督府専売局"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">朝鮮総督府専売局</span></a></span>）</span></span>，實施菸草、鴉片、麻藥專賣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國大陆"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.86"></span>中國大陆</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：中國大陆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>專賣是行之有年之政策，春秋時代<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E4%BB%B2" title="管仲">管仲</a>有“官山海”政策<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢武帝">漢武帝</a>為增加國家收入，命<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%BC%98%E7%BE%8A" title="桑弘羊">桑弘羊</a>推行鹽鐵專賣制度，是最重要的财政收入。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8F%B2%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="安史之亂">安史之亂</a>後，<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>國盛日衰，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%90%A6" title="第五琦">第五琦</a>為鹽鐵使，實行<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E4%B8%9A%E4%B8%93%E5%8D%96" title="盐业专卖">專賣食鹽</a>。專賣對國家財政幫助很大，但對一些有識之士而言並非好事。漢武帝雄才大略，“情存遠略，志辟四方，南誅<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A" title="百越">百越</a>，北討强胡，西伐<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9B" title="大宛">大宛</a>，東並朝鮮。因<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%99%AF%E4%B9%8B%E6%B2%BB" title="文景之治">文景之蓄</a>，借天下之饒，數十年間，官民俱匱。”<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 西漢元氣大傷，昭帝繼位後引發<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%90%B5%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鹽鐵論">鹽鐵論</a>的廷議。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%81%E5%AE%97" title="宋仁宗">宋仁宗</a>時，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%9B%BE" title="王曾">王曾</a>指出：“榷酒蓋出於前代之不得已，今以經費至廣，未能省去，若又榷醋，則甚矣。”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%AB%AF%E8%87%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="馬端臨">馬端臨</a>將鹽鐵酒茶專賣歸類於“衰世”之法<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>中國大陆在1979年取消酒類專賣制度<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，鹽業專賣則在2014年廢止，而烟草专卖则持续至今，設有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%83%9F%E8%8D%89%E4%B8%93%E5%8D%96%E5%B1%80" title="国家烟草专卖局">國家菸草專賣局</a>以負責菸草專賣及生產供銷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西方國家"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E6.96.B9.E5.9C.8B.E5.AE.B6"></span>西方國家</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：西方國家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在北歐的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭">芬蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島">冰島</a>和丹麥屬地<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%85%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="法羅群島">法羅群島</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>各省、地區，由於受到<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="禁酒運動">禁酒運動</a>影響，一直對酒類實施政府專賣；唯加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%9C%81" title="艾伯塔省">艾伯塔省</a>於1993年將賣酒民營化，而<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>本土則從未實施酒類專賣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另見"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A6.8B"></span>另見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：另見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E7%87%9F" title="專營">專營</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="壟斷">壟斷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3%E5%B1%80" title="專賣局">專賣局</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-台灣的菸業-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-台灣的菸業_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%A6%A8%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪馨蘭（页面不存在）">洪馨蘭</a>. 《台灣的菸業》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A0%E8%B6%B3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遠足文化（页面不存在）">遠足文化</a>. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9867630270" title="Special:网络书源/9867630270"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9867630270</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&rft.au=%E6%B4%AA%E9%A6%A8%E8%98%AD&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E8%8F%B8%E6%A5%AD%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9867630270&rft.pub=%E9%81%A0%E8%B6%B3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《管子·海王》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《後漢書》卷一二0《鮮卑傳》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《長編》卷一0四，天聖四年乙丑。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">馬端臨：《文獻通考·自序》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">唐, 文龙. 中国葡萄酒产业竞争战略. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%88%E8%B3%A3&rft.aufirst=%E6%96%87%E9%BE%99&rft.aulast=%E5%94%90&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=專賣&oldid=78046172">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=專賣&oldid=78046172</a>”</div></div> <div 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