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<li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Russian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Soviet rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Independent Georgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Law and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Law and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_public_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_public_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Traditional public festivals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traditional_public_festivals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Traditional public festivals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traditional_public_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Selimoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selimoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Selimoba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selimoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shuamtoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shuamtoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Shuamtoba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shuamtoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Machakhloba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machakhloba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Machakhloba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machakhloba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolkhoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolkhoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Kolkhoba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolkhoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adjara</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Аджариэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Аджариэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzjari%C3%AB" title="Adzjarië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Adzjarië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аҷартәылатәи Автономтә Республика – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҷартәылатәи Автономтә Республика" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="أجاريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أجاريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaria" title="Ayaria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ayaria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="АчӀария – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="АчӀария" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acar%C4%B1stan_Muxtar_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Acarıstan Muxtar Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Acarıstan Muxtar Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE)" title="আচারা (জর্জিয়া) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আচারা (জর্জিয়া)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аджария – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аджария" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Аджарыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аджарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Аджарыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аджарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аджария – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аджария" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjaria" title="Adjaria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Adjaria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adj%C3%A0ria" title="Adjària – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adjària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Аджари – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аджари" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaria" title="Ajaria – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ajaria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BE%C3%A1rie" title="Adžárie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adžárie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaria" title="Ajaria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ajaria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjarien" title="Adjarien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adjarien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adscharien" title="Adscharien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adscharien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BEaaria" title="Adžaaria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Adžaaria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ατζαρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατζαρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaria" title="Ayaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Dario" title="Aĝario – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aĝario" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjaria" title="Adjaria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Adjaria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آجارستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آجارستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjarie" title="Adjarie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adjarie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acara" title="Acara – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Acara" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzaria" title="Adzaria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adzaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%BC" title="아자리야 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아자리야" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BB%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Աջարիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աջարիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अद्जारा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अद्जारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BEarija" title="Adžarija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Adžarija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Otonom_Ajaria" title="Republik Otonom Ajaria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Otonom Ajaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ачъар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ачъар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agiaria" title="Agiaria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Agiaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%27%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="אג'ריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אג'ריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaria" title="Ajaria – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ajaria" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajara" title="Ajara – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ajara" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaristan" title="Acaristan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Acaristan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ажария – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ажария" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BE%C4%81rija" title="Adžārija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Adžārija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аджария – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Аджария" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BEarija" title="Adžarija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Adžarija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzsaria" title="Adzsaria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Adzsaria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Аџарија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аџарија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1" title="അജാറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അജാറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="აჭარაშ ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აჭარაშ ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaria" title="Ajaria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ajaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzjari%C3%AB" title="Adzjarië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adzjarië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="アジャリア自治共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アジャリア自治共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Аджари – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аджари" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adschaarien" title="Adschaarien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Adschaarien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsjaria" title="Adsjaria – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adsjaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsjaria" title="Adsjaria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Adsjaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atjaria" title="Atjaria – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Atjaria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajariya" title="Ajariya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ajariya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="اجاریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اجاریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BCaria" title="Adżaria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adżaria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjaria" title="Adjaria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Adjaria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аджария – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аджария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axhara" title="Axhara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Axhara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agiaria" title="Agiaria – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Agiaria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BEarsko" title="Adžarsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adžarsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BEarija" title="Adžarija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Adžarija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Аџарија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аџарија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BEarija" title="Adžarija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Adžarija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaria" title="Ajaria – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ajaria" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C5%BEaria" title="Adžaria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adžaria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzjarien" title="Adzjarien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adzjarien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE" title="அத்சாரா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அத்சாரா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Аҗария Автономияле Республикасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аҗария Автономияле Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="สาธารณรัฐปกครองตนเองอาจารา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐปกครองตนเองอาจารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acara_%C3%96zerk_Cumhuriyeti" title="Acara Özerk Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Acara Özerk Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аджарія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аджарія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ایجارا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایجارا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacar%C3%A4n" title="Lacarän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lacarän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="阿扎尔自治共和国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿扎尔自治共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a 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Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Adjara" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="阿扎尔自治共和国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿扎尔自治共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%8Darija" title="Ačarija – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ačarija" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of Georgia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Adjarra" title="Adjarra">Adjarra</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous Republic in Georgia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Adjara</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname"><span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">აჭარა</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Autonomous Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-pol-div-official-below"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Adjara<br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Adjara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Adjara"><img alt="Flag of Adjara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Adjara.svg/125px-Flag_of_Adjara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Adjara.svg/188px-Flag_of_Adjara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Adjara.svg/250px-Flag_of_Adjara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Adjara" title="Flag of Adjara">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Adjara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Adjara"><img alt="Official seal of Adjara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_arms_of_Adjara.svg/91px-Coat_of_arms_of_Adjara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="91" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_arms_of_Adjara.svg/137px-Coat_of_arms_of_Adjara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_arms_of_Adjara.svg/182px-Coat_of_arms_of_Adjara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="221" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Adjara" title="Coat of arms of Adjara">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adjara_in_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Adjara_in_Georgia.svg/250px-Adjara_in_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Adjara_in_Georgia.svg/375px-Adjara_in_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Adjara_in_Georgia.svg/500px-Adjara_in_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="913" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of unified<br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)#Medieval_Georgia" title="History of Georgia (country)">Georgian Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><br />9th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Conquered by<br /><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><br />1614</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ceded to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1878</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Adjar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Adjar ASSR</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1921</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Autonomous republic<br />within <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><br />1991</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Adjara&params=41_39_N_42_0_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°39′N</span> <span class="longitude">42°0′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.650°N 42.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.650; 42.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2014<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>96.0% <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a></li><li>1.6% <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a></li><li>1.1% <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a></li><li>0.2% <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a></li><li>0.2% <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a></li><li>0.9% others</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-pol-div-religion"> (2014<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">54.5% <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Christianity</a><br />39.8% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><br />2.8% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">None</a><br />0.3% <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a><br />1.3% Other<br />1.3% No answer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolved</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative republic">autonomous republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Government_of_Adjara" title="Chairman of the Government of Adjara">Chairman of<br />the Government</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tornike_Rizhvadze" title="Tornike Rizhvadze">Tornike Rizhvadze</a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Autonomous_Republic_of_Adjara" title="Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara">Supreme Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Adjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Adjara">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,880 km<sup>2</sup> (1,110 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">negligible</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Adjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Adjara">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">435,228</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2014 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">336,077</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">124.6/km<sup>2</sup> (322.7/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Lari" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Lari">₾</a> 6.0 billion<br />(<a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 2.1 billion) · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Georgian regions by GDP">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">₾ 16,851 <br />(US$ 5,800) · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Georgian regions by GDP">3rd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.806<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">GEL</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+4">UTC+4</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">not observed</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Adjara</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">აჭარა</span></span> <i>Ach’ara</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ka-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">[at͡ʃʼara]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a1\/Adjara.ogg\/Adjara.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Adjara.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Adjara.ogg/Adjara.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Adjara.ogg" title="File:Adjara.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) or <b>Achara</b>, officially known as the <b>Autonomous Republic of Adjara</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა</span></span> <i>Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ka-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">[atʃʼaris<span class="wrap"> </span>avtʼonomiuri<span class="wrap"> </span>respʼublikʼa]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/30\/Autonomous_Republic_of_Adjara_%28KA%29.ogg\/Autonomous_Republic_of_Adjara_%28KA%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Autonomous Republic of Adjara (KA).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/Autonomous_Republic_of_Adjara_%28KA%29.ogg/Autonomous_Republic_of_Adjara_%28KA%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Autonomous_Republic_of_Adjara_(KA).ogg" title="File:Autonomous Republic of Adjara (KA).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), is a political-administrative region of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>. It is in the country's southwestern corner, on the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, near the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Caucasus" title="Lesser Caucasus">Lesser Caucasus</a> Mountains, north of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. It is an important tourist destination and includes Georgia's second most populous city of <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a> as its capital. About 350,000 people live on its 2,880 km<sup>2</sup> (1,110 sq mi). </p><p>Adjara is home to the <a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a>, a regional subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a>. The name can be spelled in a number of ways: <i>Ajara</i>, <i>Ajaria</i>, <i>Adjaria</i>, <i>Adzharia</i>, <i>Atchara</i> and <i>Achara</i>. Under the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Adjara was part of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Adjar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Adjarian ASSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The autonomous status of Adjara is guaranteed under article 6 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Adjara" title="History of Adjara">History of Adjara</a></div> <p>Adjara was a part of Georgian polities, <a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Caucasian Iberia</a>, since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonized by <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> in the 5th century BC, the region fell under Rome in the 2nd century BC. It became part of the <a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazica</a> before being incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Abkhazia" title="Kingdom of Abkhazia">Kingdom of Abkhazia</a> in the 8th century AD, the latter led <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia#Unification_of_the_Georgian_State" title="Kingdom of Georgia">unification of Georgian monarchy</a> in the 11th century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew the Apostle</a>, who is believed to be a missionary of the <a href="/wiki/Mother_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother of God">Mother of God</a> to Georgia and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a>, entered Georgia from Adjara region and first preached <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> there.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adjaria was occupied by several empires: the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">First Persian Empire</a> (500 BC), <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a> (11th century), <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a> (13th century), and <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurids</a> (14th century).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge200999_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge200999-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ottoman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> conquered the area in 1614. Although, the <a href="/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Millet (Ottoman Empire)">Ottoman millet system</a> allowed its subjects extensive self-governance and <a href="/wiki/Religious_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious freedom">religious freedom</a>, many Adjarians gradually chose to convert to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> during the 200 years of Ottoman presence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge200999–100_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge200999–100-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Nobility of Georgia (country)">nobility</a> converted first.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018249_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018249-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adjarians were fully Islamized by the end of the eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018249_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018249-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Empire">Russian Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Russian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ottomans were forced to cede Adjara to the expanding <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in 1878 under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Berlin Treaty allowed <a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a> to leave for Turkey, keeping a provision of Section 6, article 21 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">Treaty of San Stefano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochKopeček20117_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHochKopeček20117-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Adjarians emigrated to Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochKopeček20117_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHochKopeček20117-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Russian authorities supported the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>'s missionary efforts, they also tried to win the loyalty of Adjarians by building mosques and madrassas and supporting the local Muslim clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, many Adjarians emigrants, called <a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacir</a>, came back to Adjara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within Russian imperial administrative division, Adjara was called <a href="/wiki/Batumi_okrug" title="Batumi okrug">Batumi okrug</a>, comprising <a href="/wiki/Kutaisi_Governorate" title="Kutaisi Governorate">Kutaisi Governorate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_rule">Soviet rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soviet rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1918, Georgia regained its independence as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">democratic republic</a> and Adjara became part of it. However, in April 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> invaded Georgia and captured Batumi. On 4 June 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Batum" title="Treaty of Batum">Treaty of Batum</a> was signed, under which Georgia was forced to cede Adjara to the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, due to the Ottoman defeat in the First World War and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Mudros" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Mudros">Treaty of Mudros</a>, the Ottomans soon withdrew the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the temporary occupation by the British (with the entrance of the British warship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Liverpool_(1909)" title="HMS Liverpool (1909)">HMS <i>Liverpool</i></a>) troops in 1918–1920,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adjara became part of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a> in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British administration ceded the region to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a> on July 20, 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-experiment_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-experiment-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was granted autonomy under the Georgian constitution adopted in February 1921 when the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invaded Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution1921_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution1921-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkey reinvaded Adjara in March 1921, although Georgians defeated Turks in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batumi" title="Battle of Batumi">Battle of Batumi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>'s government ceded the territory to Georgia under Article VI of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a> on the condition that autonomy be provided for the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> population, while Turkish commodities were guaranteed free transit through the port of <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009100_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009100-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviets established in 1921 the <a href="/wiki/Adjarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> in accord with this clause, thus Adjara remained part of Georgia. The autonomous republic was the only autonomous unit in the USSR based solely on religion.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coene_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coene-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Stalin's definition of what constituted a nation was based on language. Without their own language, Adjars did not develop a strong sense of national identity, separate from Georgian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufman2001124_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufman2001124-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the Soviet atheist ideology dampened religious practice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, the Ajars rebelled against the Soviet anti-Islamic activities, as well as against the collectivization reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The armed uprising began in the mountainous regions of Adjara in April 1929. Soviet troops were deployed in response and swiftly quelled the revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Georgia">Independent Georgia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Independent Georgia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Georgian independence, <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Abashidze" title="Aslan Abashidze">Aslan Abashidze</a> became the chairman of Adjaria's parliament, the Adjarian Supreme Soviet. Abashidze was initially appointed by the first Georgian president Zviad Gamsakhurdia in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he later took advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">civil war</a> in the country and turned Adjara into the personal fiefdom, although it remained relatively prosperous enclave in an otherwise rather chaotic country.<sup id="cite_ref-Abash_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abash-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état</a> which ousted Gamsakhurdia from power, Abashidze declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> in Adjara, closing its borders and shutting down the Adjarian Supreme Soviet. In response to pressure from the Adjarian opposition led by <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">Republican Party of Georgia</a>, Georgia's new leader <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> met Aslan Abashidze in Batumi and persuaded him to resume the Supreme Soviet sessions in May 1992. However, the opposition failed to oust Abashidze. While Shevardnadze could easily sway certain members of the Adjarian Supreme Soviet against Abashidze, he did not do so. Being brought to power through the coup launched by the militia leaders <a href="/wiki/Jaba_Ioseliani" title="Jaba Ioseliani">Jaba Ioseliani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Kitovani" title="Tengiz Kitovani">Tengiz Kitovani</a>, Shevardnadze saw Abashidze as a useful counterweight against these warlords.<sup id="cite_ref-wheatley_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheatley-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further exploiting the instability, at this time brought by the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia</a>, Abashidze moved to further consolidate his power. During the summer of 1992, Abashidze appointed a seven-member Presidium of the Adjarian Supreme Soviet, made up of his supporters, and ruled by decree through this body. The Supreme Soviet, on the other hand, practically ceased to convene. Abashidze unilaterally took power without formal agreement and started to withhold tax revenue and capture Adjara's considerable wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009123_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009123-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he managed to prevent various paramilitary groups from entering Adjara's territory, and preserved peace through <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>, which brought him considerable popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-wheatley_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheatley-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the end of Georgia's civil war, Abashidze reached agreement with the Georgian president <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> to stay in power.<sup id="cite_ref-Abash_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abash-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shevardnadze, who had yet to cement his power in Georgia, ignored Abashidze's authoritarian rule and even appreciated that it brought stability to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-wheatley_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheatley-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central government in Tbilisi had very little say in what went on in Adjara. Elections in Adjara were not <a href="/wiki/Free_and_fair_election" title="Free and fair election">free and fair</a>, Abashidze controlled the media and captured customs revenue for his personal enrichment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009129_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009129-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009137_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009137-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abashidze instituted the border control with the rest of Georgia and created armed paramilitaries.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he asserted that Adjara wasn't separatist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009122–123_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009122–123-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His regime survived on receiving funds from the customs control in <a href="/wiki/Sarpi,_Georgia" title="Sarpi, Georgia">Sarpi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Georgia–Turkey border">Georgia–Turkey border</a>, contraband of cigarettes and allegedly also weapons and narcotics, an oil refinery in Batumi and selling of ships stationed in Adjara without Georgian government's approval.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though Shevardnadze often complained about Abashidze's aggressive autonomous strategy, they had good relationships and supported each other when they needed public support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009129_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009129-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009141_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009141-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially Abashidze's <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_for_Revival" title="Democratic Union for Revival">Democratic Union for Revival</a> and Shevardnadze's <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Citizens_of_Georgia" title="Union of Citizens of Georgia">Union of Citizens of Georgia</a> worked together in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Georgian Parliament</a> and Adjarian Supreme Council following new elections in 1995-1996. However, a series of disputes with UCG in 1997 concerning limits of Abashidze's power in Adjara and defections of his party deputies to UCG led Abashidze to view the UCG and especially its 'reformists' faction with suspicions and he withdrew into opposition, establishing a powerful anti-CUG bloc which took part in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Georgian_parliamentary_election" title="1999 Georgian parliamentary election">1999 Georgian parliamentary election</a> and garnered around 25 per cent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, by withdrawing his candidacy from the <a href="/wiki/2000_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2000 Georgian presidential election">presidential elections in Georgia</a>, Abashidze managed to get Shevardnadze to change Georgian constitution to increase Adjara's status. From 1997 to 2001, Abashidze passed several amendments to Adjara's constitution to strengthen his power. He established the post of a directly elected Head of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara with powers to control any movement of military on Adjara's territory, and was elected on this position in November 2001 while being the only candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The situation changed following the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a> of 2003 when Shevardnadze was deposed in favor of the reformist opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adjaran leader <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Abashidze" title="Aslan Abashidze">Aslan Abashidze</a>, being in strong opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a>, declared a state of emergency immediately after <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a>'s ousting on 23 November 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-icgpage6_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icgpage6-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He intensified a crackdown on opposition, with dozens being injured as a result of clashes between protesters and police in the southern Adjaran village of <a href="/wiki/Gonio_(settlement)" title="Gonio (settlement)">Gonio</a> in January 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after his inauguration as president in January 2004, Saakashvili took aim at Abashidze with strong <a href="/wiki/Anticorruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticorruption">anticorruption</a> reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009172–173_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009172–173-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of Abashidze's visit to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Russian Foreign Ministry</a> issued a statement on January 20 backing Abashidze's policy and condemning his opposition as "extremist forces".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spring 2004, a major <a href="/wiki/2004_Adjara_crisis" title="2004 Adjara crisis">crisis in Adjara</a> erupted as the central government sought to reimpose its authority on the region. It led to several encounters between Abashidze's paramilitaries and the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_of_Georgia" title="Defence Forces of Georgia">Georgian army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009175_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009175-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Saakashvili's ultimate and mass protests in <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a> against Abashidze's autocratic rule forced the Adjaran leader to resign in May 2004. Facing charges of <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzlement</a> and murder, Abashidze destroyed the bridges between Adjara and the rest of Georgia to delay the advance of Georgian troops in Batumi and then fled to Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009175_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009175-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even Abashidze's former ally, Haji Mahmud Kamashidze, sided with Saakashvili.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009175_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009175-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saakashvili wanted Adjara to keep a significant autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009176_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009176-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new law was therefore introduced to redefine the terms of Adjara's autonomy. <a href="/wiki/Levan_Varshalomidze" title="Levan Varshalomidze">Levan Varshalomidze</a> succeeded Abashidze as the chairman of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-icg-ajara_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icg-ajara-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2007, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Georgia" title="Constitutional Court of Georgia">Georgian Constitutional Court</a> was moved from Tbilisi to Batumi.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2007 Russia ended its two-century military presence in the region by withdrawing from the <a href="/wiki/12th_Military_Base" title="12th Military Base">12th Military Base</a> (the former 145th Motor Rifle Division) in Batumi.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turkey still has noticeable economic and religious influence in Adjara, making some Georgians wary of the Turkish presence.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in recent years, Turkish influence has again been supplanted by the Russians, who have returned to the region in large numbers, also causing anxiety among some locals.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_government">Law and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Law and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adjara" title="Special:EditPage/Adjara">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Adjara%22">"Adjara"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Adjara%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Adjara%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Adjara%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Adjara%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Adjara%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adjara-gov-logo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Adjara-gov-logo.JPG/220px-Adjara-gov-logo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Adjara-gov-logo.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the Cabinet of Ministers.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_Ministers_of_Adjara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Council_of_Ministers_of_Adjara.jpg/220px-Council_of_Ministers_of_Adjara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Council_of_Ministers_of_Adjara.jpg/330px-Council_of_Ministers_of_Adjara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Council_of_Ministers_of_Adjara.jpg/440px-Council_of_Ministers_of_Adjara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Government building in <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The status of the Adjaran Autonomous Republic is defined by Georgia's law on Adjara and the region's new constitution, adopted following the ousting of Aslan Abashidze. The local legislative body is the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Autonomous_Republic_of_Adjara" title="Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara">Supreme Council</a>. The head of the region's government—the Council of Ministers of Adjara—is nominated by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">President of Georgia</a> who also has powers to dissolve the assembly and government and to overrule local authorities on issues where the constitution of Georgia is contravened. <a href="/wiki/Tornike_Rizhvadze" title="Tornike Rizhvadze">Tornike Rizhvadze</a> is the current head of the Adjaran government.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 October 1997, Adjara became a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_European_Regions" title="Assembly of European Regions">Assembly of European Regions</a> (AER).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adjara is subdivided into six administrative units:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Name</th> <th rowspan="2">Area <span style="font-size:85%;">(km<sup>2</sup>)</span> </th><th colspan="3"> Population </th><th rowspan="2">Pop. Density (p/km<sup>2</sup>)</th></tr> <tr> <th>Census<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jan 2002)</span></th> <th>Census<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2014)</span> </th> <th>Census <p>(2024) </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">City of Batumi</a></td> <td>64.9</td><td> 121,806 </td> <td>152,839 </td><td>183,200</td><td>2,822</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Keda_Municipality" title="Keda Municipality">Keda Municipality</a></td> <td>452</td> <td>20,024</td> <td>16,760 </td><td>16,300</td><td>36</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kobuleti_Municipality" title="Kobuleti Municipality">Kobuleti Municipality</a></td> <td>720</td> <td>88,063</td> <td>74,794 </td><td>68,100</td><td>122</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Khelvachauri_Municipality" title="Khelvachauri Municipality">Khelvachauri Municipality</a></td> <td>410</td> <td>90,843</td> <td>51,189 </td><td>52,900</td><td>129</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Shuakhevi_Municipality" title="Shuakhevi Municipality">Shuakhevi Municipality</a></td> <td>588</td> <td>21,850</td> <td>15,044 </td><td>14,500</td><td>24</td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Khulo_Municipality" title="Khulo Municipality">Khulo Municipality</a></td> <td>710</td> <td>33,430</td> <td>23,327 </td> <td>28,300 </td> <td>39 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adjara" title="Special:EditPage/Adjara">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gonio,_Batumi,_Georgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gonio%2C_Batumi%2C_Georgia.jpg/220px-Gonio%2C_Batumi%2C_Georgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gonio%2C_Batumi%2C_Georgia.jpg/330px-Gonio%2C_Batumi%2C_Georgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gonio%2C_Batumi%2C_Georgia.jpg/440px-Gonio%2C_Batumi%2C_Georgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gonio_(settlement)" title="Gonio (settlement)">Gonio</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> resort near <a href="/wiki/Gonio_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonio Fortress">Gonio Fortress</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Adjara is on the southeastern coast of the Black Sea and extends into the wooded foothills and mountains of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Lesser Caucasus</a>. It has borders with the region of <a href="/wiki/Guria" title="Guria">Guria</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Samtskhe-Javakheti" class="mw-redirect" title="Samtskhe-Javakheti">Samtskhe-Javakheti</a> to the east and Turkey to the south. Most of Adjara's territory either consists of hills or mountains. The highest mountains rise more than 3,000 meters (9,800 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. Around 60% of Adjara is covered by forests. Many parts of the <a href="/wiki/Meskheti_Range" title="Meskheti Range">Meskheti Range</a> (the west-facing slopes) are covered by <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rain_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate rain forests">temperate rain forests</a>. </p><p>Adjara is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adjara is well known for its humid climate (especially along the coastal regions) and prolonged rainy weather, although there is plentiful sunshine during the spring and summer months. Adjara receives the highest amounts of precipitation both in Georgia and in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>. It is also one of the wettest temperate regions in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern hemisphere">northern hemisphere</a>. No region along Adjara's coast receives less than 2,200 mm (86.6 in) of precipitation per year. The west-facing (<a href="/wiki/Windward" class="mw-redirect" title="Windward">windward</a>) slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Meskheti_Range" title="Meskheti Range">Meskheti Range</a> receive upwards of 4,500 mm (177.2 in) of precipitation per year. The coastal lowlands receive most of the precipitation in the form of rain (due to the area's subtropical climate). September and October are usually the wettest months. Batumi's average monthly rainfall for the month of September is 410 mm (16.14 in). The interior parts of Adjara are considerably drier than the coastal mountains and lowlands. Winter usually brings significant snowfall to the higher regions of Adjara, where snowfall often reaches several meters. Average summer temperatures are between 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F) in the lowland areas and 17 to 21 °C (63 to 70 °F) in the highlands. The highest areas of Adjara have lower temperatures. Average winter temperatures are between 4 and 6 °C (39 and 43 °F) along the coast while the interior areas and mountains average around −3 to 2 °C (27 to 36 °F). Some of the highest mountains of Adjara have average winter temperatures of −8 to −7 °C (18 to 19 °F). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adjara" title="Special:EditPage/Adjara">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Adjara%22">"Adjara"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Adjara%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Adjara%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Adjara%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Adjara%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Adjara%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Adjara has good land for growing tea, citrus fruits and tobacco. Mountainous and forested, the region has a subtropical climate, and there are many health resorts. Tobacco, tea, citrus fruits, and avocados are leading crops; livestock raising is also important. Industries include tea packing, tobacco processing, fruit and fish canning, oil refining, and shipbuilding. </p><p>The regional capital, <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, is an important gateway for the shipment of goods heading into Georgia, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> and landlocked <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>. The port of Batumi is used for the shipment of oil from <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its oil refinery handles <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> oil from Azerbaijan which arrives by pipeline to <a href="/wiki/Supsa" title="Supsa">Supsa</a> port and is transported from there to Batumi by rail. The Adjaran capital is a center for shipbuilding and manufacturing. </p><p>Adjara is the main center of Georgia's coastal tourism industry, having displaced the northwestern province of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> since that region's <i>de facto</i> secession from Georgia in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2014 census, the population of Adjara is 333,953.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:gray; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1221.5448675752px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 658.11141132766px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 389.47428549299px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> (96%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> (1.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> (1.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gray; color:black;"> </span> other (1.3%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a> (Ajars) are an ethnographic group of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian people">Georgian people</a> who speak a group of local dialects known collectively as <a href="/wiki/Adjaran_dialect" title="Adjaran dialect">Adjarian</a>. The written language is <a href="/wiki/Georgian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian alphabet">Georgian</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Adjarians have been known as "Muslim Georgians".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge200923_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge200923-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were officially referred as such until the 1926 Soviet <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> which listed them as "Ajars" and counted 71,000 of them. Later, they were simply classified under a broader category of Georgians as no official Soviet census asked about religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Toft2003_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toft2003-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In independent Georgia, censuses do not include an "Adjarian" category, nor do they distinguish between ethnic Georgian Muslims and other Muslims, such as <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Azerbaijanis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009101–102_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009101–102-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ethnic minorities include <a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz people">Abkhaz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adjarastat_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adjarastat-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:Silver"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Silver"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Silver"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 283.33388210251px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 267.17780051813px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:27.899110603923px 96.029368567694px 0 0; border-top-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Adjara<sup id="cite_ref-religion_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christianity</a> (54.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (39.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Silver; color:black;"> </span> Others (5.3%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>After Adjara was ceded to the Russian Empire in 1878 under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a>, those <a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a> who were Muslim were allowed to leave for Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochKopeček20117_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHochKopeček20117-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Russian authorities supported the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>'s missionary efforts, they also tried to win the loyalty of Adjarians by building mosques and madrassas and supporting the local Muslim clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, many Adjarians emigrants, called <a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacir</a>, came back to Adjara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018250-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Adjara's political and religious autonomy was guaranteed by the 1921 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009100_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009100-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_anti-religious_legislation" title="Soviet anti-religious legislation">Soviet atheist ideology</a> dampened religious practice in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a> and the re-establishment of Georgia's independence first led to an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, later Christianity has experienced a strong growth in Adjara, especially among the young, which saw the conversion to Christianity as returning to the religion of ancestors prior to the Ottoman conquest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018255_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018255-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, there still remain <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslim</a> communities in Adjara, mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Khulo_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Khulo district">Khulo district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018255_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018255-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Turkish <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Directorate of Religious Affairs</a> is active in Adjara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018256_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018256-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Ghia_Nodia" title="Ghia Nodia">Ghia Nodia</a>, many Adjarians are Muslims but they consider themselves <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">ethnic Georgians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2014 census, 54.5% of Adjara's population is Orthodox Christian, while 39.8% is Muslim, the rest includes atheists, adherents of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-religion_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the main city, <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, out of 152,839 inhabitants, 68.7% is <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christian">Eastern Orthodox Christian</a>, and they primarily adhere to the national <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geostat.ge_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geostat.ge-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Islam in Georgia (country)">Muslims</a> make up 25.3% of population,<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while there are also <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Georgia">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Apostolic">Armenian Apostolic</a>, Jehovah's Witness, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, and Jewish communities.<sup id="cite_ref-geostat.ge_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geostat.ge-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second largest <a href="/wiki/Kobuleti_Municipality" title="Kobuleti Municipality">Kobuleti Municipality</a>, 65.1% of the population in Orthodox Christian, while 28.8% is Muslim. Muslims make up majorities mostly in the mountainous districts, they make up 94.6% of the population in <a href="/wiki/Khulo_Municipality" title="Khulo Municipality">Khulo Municipality</a>, 74.4% in <a href="/wiki/Shuakhevi_Municipality" title="Shuakhevi Municipality">Shuakhevi Municipality</a>, 62.1% in <a href="/wiki/Keda_Municipality" title="Keda Municipality">Keda Municipality</a> and 56.3% <a href="/wiki/Khelvachauri_Municipality" title="Khelvachauri Municipality">Khelvachauri Municipality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-religion_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><b>Religion by Adjara Municipalities (%)</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Municipalities </th> <th colspan="2">Orthodox Christians </th> <th colspan="2">Muslims </th> <th colspan="2">Irreligious </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">City of Batumi</a> </td> <td>105,004 </td> <td>68.7 </td> <td>38,762 </td> <td>25.3 </td> <td>3,961 </td> <td>2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keda_Municipality" title="Keda Municipality">Keda Municipality</a> </td> <td>5,235 </td> <td>31.2 </td> <td>10,411 </td> <td>62.1 </td> <td>624 </td> <td>3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kobuleti_Municipality" title="Kobuleti Municipality">Kobuleti Municipality</a> </td> <td>48,696 </td> <td>65.1 </td> <td>21,573 </td> <td>28.8 </td> <td>2,728 </td> <td>3.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khelvachauri_Municipality" title="Khelvachauri Municipality">Khelvachauri Municipality</a> </td> <td>18,618 </td> <td>36.3 </td> <td>28,841 </td> <td>56.3 </td> <td>1,816 </td> <td>3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shuakhevi_Municipality" title="Shuakhevi Municipality">Shuakhevi Municipality</a> </td> <td>3,532 </td> <td>23.4 </td> <td>11,193 </td> <td>74.4 </td> <td>76 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khulo_Municipality" title="Khulo Municipality">Khulo Municipality</a> </td> <td>956 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td>22,072 </td> <td>94.6 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>0.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_public_festivals">Traditional public festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Traditional public festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adjara" title="Special:EditPage/Adjara">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Adjara%22">"Adjara"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Adjara%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Adjara%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Adjara%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Adjara%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Adjara%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selimoba">Selimoba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Selimoba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selimoba is held in the village of Bako, <a href="/wiki/Khulo" title="Khulo">Khulo Municipality</a> on June 3 and commemorates the life of <a href="/wiki/Selim_Khimshiashvili" title="Selim Khimshiashvili">Selim Khimshiashvili</a>. A concert with the participation of local amateur groups of a folk handicraft products exhibition is held during the festival. It is supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports of Adjara.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shuamtoba">Shuamtoba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Shuamtoba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shuamtoba ("inter-mountain festival") is a traditional festival, which is held on the summer mountain pastures of two municipalities (Khulo and <a href="/wiki/Shuakhevi" title="Shuakhevi">Shuakhevi</a>), during the first weekend of every August. Horse racing, a folk handicraft exhibition and a concert involving folk ensembles are held as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machakhloba">Machakhloba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Machakhloba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Machakhloba is a Machakhela gorge festivity, held in the second half of September. It is a traditional holiday celebrated in Machakhela gorge, <a href="/wiki/Khelvachauri" title="Khelvachauri">Khelvachauri</a> Municipality. The festival begins at the Machakhela rifle monument (at the point of convergence of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Machakhelistsqali" title="Machakhelistsqali">Machakhelistskali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chorokhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorokhi">Chorokhi</a>), continues in the village Machakhlispiri and ends in the village Zeda Chkhutuneti.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolkhoba">Kolkhoba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Kolkhoba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kolkhoba" title="Kolkhoba">Kolkhoba</a> is an ancient <a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a> festival. It is held at the end of August or at the beginning of September in <a href="/wiki/Sarpi,_Georgia" title="Sarpi, Georgia">Sarpi village</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khelvachauri_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Khelvachauri District">Khelvachauri District</a>. The story of the <a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a> is performed on stage during the festival.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Batumi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Old_Batumi.jpg/220px-Old_Batumi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Old_Batumi.jpg/330px-Old_Batumi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Old_Batumi.jpg/440px-Old_Batumi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a> in the 1900s.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aslan_Abashidze" title="Aslan Abashidze">Aslan Abashidze</a> (born 1938), head of the Adjarian government 1991–2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memed_Abashidze" title="Memed Abashidze">Memed Abashidze</a> (1873–1941), prominent political leader of Muslim Georgians</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbeli_Abuserisdze" title="Tbeli Abuserisdze">Tbeli Abuserisdze</a> (1190–1240), Georgian writer and scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopho_Khalvashi" title="Sopho Khalvashi">Sopho Khalvashi</a> (born 31 May 1986), Georgian singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed-Pasha_Khimshiashvili" title="Ahmed-Pasha Khimshiashvili">Ahmed-Pasha Khimshiashvili</a> (died 1836), Great Ottoman Pasha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_Khimshiashvili" title="Selim Khimshiashvili">Selim Khimshiashvili</a> (3 June 1815), Pasha (Minister) of Ottoman and Russia Political Affairs on 1802</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurab_Nogaideli" title="Zurab Nogaideli">Zurab Nogaideli</a> (born 1964), former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Prime Minister of Georgia</a> 2005–2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levan_Varshalomidze" title="Levan Varshalomidze">Levan Varshalomidze</a> (born 1972), head of the Adjarian government 2004–2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Yurchikhin" title="Fyodor Yurchikhin">Fyodor Yurchikhin</a> (born 3 January 1959), cosmonaut</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(country)" title="Portal:Georgia (country)">Georgia (country) portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_countries_in_Europe_after_1815" title="Former countries in Europe after 1815">Former countries in Europe after 1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merisi_Mining_District" title="Merisi Mining District">Merisi Mining District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The other autonomous unit based on an ethnoreligious factor was the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Jewish Autonomous Oblast</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190815124343/http://census.ge/en/results/census1/demo">"census - Demographic and social characteristics"</a>. <i>census.ge</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+Of+Georgia+%281921%29%2C+Article+107&rft.pub=Matiane&rft.date=2012-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmatiane.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F09%2F04%2Fconstitution-of-georgia-1921%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009100-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009100_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009100_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009105_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutscharmenischegesellschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Vertrag-von-Kars-23.-Oktober-1921.pdf">"Treaty of Kars (Treaty of Friendship between Turkey, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia, the Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic, and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 23 October 1921<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Kars+%28Treaty+of+Friendship+between+Turkey%2C+the+Socialist+Soviet+Republic+of+Armenia%2C+the+Azerbaijan+Socialist+Soviet+Republic%2C+and+the+Socialist+Soviet+Republic+of+Georgia%29&rft.date=1921-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutscharmenischegesellschaft.de%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F01%2FVertrag-von-Kars-23.-Oktober-1921.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coene-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coene_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoene2010" class="citation book cs1">Coene, Frederik (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Caucasus---An-Introduction/Coene/p/book/9780415666831"><i>The Caucasus, an introduction</i></a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: Routledge. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415666831" title="Special:BookSources/9780415666831"><bdi>9780415666831</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caucasus%2C+an+introduction&rft.place=London&rft.pages=162&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780415666831&rft.aulast=Coene&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-Caucasus---An-Introduction%2FCoene%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415666831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufman2001124-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufman2001124_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaufman2001">Kaufman 2001</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis (1977), The Cambridge history of Islam, p. 639. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-29136-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-29136-4">0-521-29136-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civil.ge/archives/105875">"Adjara Celebrates Abashidze's Departure"</a>. 6 May 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adjara+Celebrates+Abashidze%27s+Departure&rft.date=2004-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcivil.ge%2Farchives%2F105875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abash-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abash_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abash_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3683629.stm">"Aslan Abashidze"</a>. BBC. 4 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aslan+Abashidze&rft.date=2004-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3683629.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wheatley-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wheatley_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheatley_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheatley_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatley2005" class="citation book cs1">Wheatley, Jonathan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dGqLAAAAMAAJ"><i>Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. pp. 70–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754645030" title="Special:BookSources/9780754645030"><bdi>9780754645030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgia+from+National+Awakening+to+Rose+Revolution&rft.pages=70-71&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780754645030&rft.aulast=Wheatley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdGqLAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009121_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009123-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009123_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009129-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009129_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009129_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009137-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009137_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civil.ge/archives/106959">"Aslan Abashidze, a Man of Feudal Loyalty and Pride"</a>. 21 December 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aslan+Abashidze%2C+a+Man+of+Feudal+Loyalty+and+Pride&rft.date=2002-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcivil.ge%2Farchives%2F106959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009122–123-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009122–123_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, pp. 122–123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatley2005" class="citation book cs1">Wheatley, Jonathan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dGqLAAAAMAAJ"><i>Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754645030" title="Special:BookSources/9780754645030"><bdi>9780754645030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgia+from+National+Awakening+to+Rose+Revolution&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780754645030&rft.aulast=Wheatley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdGqLAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009141-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009141_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatley2005" class="citation book cs1">Wheatley, Jonathan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dGqLAAAAMAAJ"><i>Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754645030" title="Special:BookSources/9780754645030"><bdi>9780754645030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgia+from+National+Awakening+to+Rose+Revolution&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780754645030&rft.aulast=Wheatley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdGqLAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatley2005" class="citation book cs1">Wheatley, Jonathan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dGqLAAAAMAAJ"><i>Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754645030" title="Special:BookSources/9780754645030"><bdi>9780754645030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgia+from+National+Awakening+to+Rose+Revolution&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780754645030&rft.aulast=Wheatley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdGqLAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civil.ge/archives/105112">"Saakashvili's Vows Improvements with Drastic Measures"</a>. <i>Civil Georgia</i>. 25 January 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constcourt.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=13">the original</a> on 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=constcourt.ge&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Court+of+Georgia+-+Brief+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constcourt.ge%2Findex.php%3Flang_id%3DENG%26sec_id%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-russia-bases-idUSL1387605220071113">"Russia closes last military base in Georgia"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 13 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016070905/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/11/13/us-georgia-russia-bases-idUSL1387605220071113">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia+closes+last+military+base+in+Georgia&rft.date=2007-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-georgia-russia-bases-idUSL1387605220071113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=16321">Russia Hands Over Batumi Military Base to Georgia</a>. Civil Georgia, Tbilisi. 2007-11-13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurasianet.org/georgians-wary-of-turkeys-rising-influence-in-batumi">"Georgians Wary of Turkey's Rising Influence in Batumi"</a>. Eurasianet. 9 March 2017. <q>While the government does not release figures on the levels of Turkish investment in Ajara, it represents roughly 80-90 percent of the total foreign investment in the region, a former regional government official said, speaking on condition of anonymity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Georgians+Wary+of+Turkey%27s+Rising+Influence+in+Batumi&rft.pub=Eurasianet&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurasianet.org%2Fgeorgians-wary-of-turkeys-rising-influence-in-batumi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalci2014" class="citation web cs1">Balci, Bayram (18 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922021604/https://carnegieendowment.org/2014/06/18/strengths-and-constraints-of-turkish-policy-in-south-caucasus">"Strengths and Constraints of Turkish Policy in the South Caucasus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/06/18/strengths-and-constraints-of-turkish-policy-in-south-caucasus">the original</a> on 22 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2015</span>. <q>Turkish religious influence is notable, not only in Azerbaijan but also in the Muslim regions of Georgia (in the region of Adjara and the border areas of Azerbaijan).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strengths+and+Constraints+of+Turkish+Policy+in+the+South+Caucasus&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.aulast=Balci&rft.aufirst=Bayram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2014%2F06%2F18%2Fstrengths-and-constraints-of-turkish-policy-in-south-caucasus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/295315/March_14_Islam_in_Georgia_final.doc">"Islam in Georgia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Word document)</span>. <i>gov.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a>. <q>Turkey's influence in the region remains strong, in part through funding provided by Ankara for local mosques</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=Islam+in+Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F295315%2FMarch_14_Islam_in_Georgia_final.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-russian-businesses-black-sea-resort/32556083.html">'You Can't Even Speak Georgian In Georgia Anymore': Russian Businesses Roil Black Sea Resort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>, August 20, 2023 Quote: "At one point, a right-wing party, the Alliance of Patriots, had erected campaign billboards depicting Adjara as "occupied" by Turkey...Now, it is the Russians."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225000501/http://adjara.gov.ge/EngPage.aspx?pid=1417">"CHAIRMAN OF GOVERNMENT"</a>. <i>adjara.gov.ge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adjara.gov.ge/EngPage.aspx?pid=1417">the original</a> on 25 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.batumioilterminal.com&rft.atitle=Description&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.batumioilterminal.com%2Fabout-company&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geostat.ge/media/53289/Inbound-Tourism-Statistics-%28I-Quarter%2C-2023-year%29.pdf">"Inbound Tourism Statistics in Georgia (I-Quarter, 2023-year)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>geostat.ge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geostat.ge&rft.atitle=Inbound+Tourism+Statistics+in+Georgia+%28I-Quarter%2C+2023-year%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geostat.ge%2Fmedia%2F53289%2FInbound-Tourism-Statistics-%2528I-Quarter%252C-2023-year%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200214144947/http://census.ge/en/results/census">"census - 2014 General Population Census Results"</a>. <i>census.ge</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.ge&rft.atitle=census+-+2014+General+Population+Census+Results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensus.ge%2Fen%2Fresults%2Fcensus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge200923-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge200923_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toft2003-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Toft2003_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToft2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Monica_Toft" title="Monica Toft">Toft, Monica Duffy</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/2171/1/32.pdf.pdf"><i>The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Princeton University Press. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12383-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12383-7"><bdi>978-0-691-12383-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+of+Ethnic+Violence%3A+Identity%2C+Interests%2C+and+the+Indivisibility+of+Territory&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12383-7&rft.aulast=Toft&rft.aufirst=Monica+Duffy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fndl.ethernet.edu.et%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F2171%2F1%2F32.pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009101–102-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2009101–102_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2009">George 2009</a>, pp. 101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adjarastat-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adjarastat_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adjarastat.com/Docs/EROVNEBA.doc">"Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Department of Statistics"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autonomous+Republic+of+Adjara%2C+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadjarastat.com%2FDocs%2FEROVNEBA.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-religion_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-religion_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-religion_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809001940/http://census.ge/files/results/english/22_Population%20by%20regions%20and%20religion.xls">"census - Demographic and social characteristics"</a>. <i>census.ge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census.ge/files/results/english/22_Population%20by%20regions%20and%20religion.xls">the original</a> on 9 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.ge&rft.atitle=census+-+Demographic+and+social+characteristics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensus.ge%2Ffiles%2Fresults%2Fenglish%2F22_Population%2520by%2520regions%2520and%2520religion.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018255-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018255_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018255_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanikidze2018">Sanikidze 2018</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöksalAydıngünGürsoy2019" class="citation journal cs1">Köksal, Pınar; Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Gürsoy, Hazar Ege (2019). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-religion/article/abs/religious-revival-and-deprivatization-in-postsoviet-georgia-reculturation-of-orthodox-christianity-and-deculturation-of-islam/3733FD242B3627BF8509F501F522E0B3">"Religious Revival and Deprivatization in Post-Soviet Georgia: Reculturation of Orthodox Christianity and Deculturation of Islam"</a></span>. <i>Politics and Religion</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 317–345. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1755048318000585">10.1017/S1755048318000585</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1755-0483">1755-0483</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150339133">150339133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics+and+Religion&rft.atitle=Religious+Revival+and+Deprivatization+in+Post-Soviet+Georgia%3A+Reculturation+of+Orthodox+Christianity+and+Deculturation+of+Islam&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=317-345&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150339133%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1755-0483&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1755048318000585&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6ksal&rft.aufirst=P%C4%B1nar&rft.au=Ayd%C4%B1ng%C3%BCn%2C+Ay%C5%9Feg%C3%BCl&rft.au=G%C3%BCrsoy%2C+Hazar+Ege&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fpolitics-and-religion%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Freligious-revival-and-deprivatization-in-postsoviet-georgia-reculturation-of-orthodox-christianity-and-deculturation-of-islam%2F3733FD242B3627BF8509F501F522E0B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018256-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanikidze2018256_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanikidze2018">Sanikidze 2018</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNodiaScholtbach2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ghia_Nodia" title="Ghia Nodia">Nodia, Ghia</a>; Scholtbach, Álvaro Pinto (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11871213.pdf"><i>The Political Landscape of Georgia: Political Parties: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5972-113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5972-113-5"><bdi>978-90-5972-113-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Landscape+of+Georgia%3A+Political+Parties%3A+Achievements%2C+Challenges+and+Prospects&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Eburon+Uitgeverij+B.V.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-5972-113-5&rft.aulast=Nodia&rft.aufirst=Ghia&rft.au=Scholtbach%2C+%C3%81lvaro+Pinto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F11871213.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geostat.ge-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geostat.ge_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geostat.ge_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Statistics Office of Georgia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/census/2014/22_Population%20by%20regions%20and%20religion.xls">Population Census 2014: Population by Regions and Religion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914035909/http://www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/census/2014/22_Population%20by%20regions%20and%20religion.xls">Archived</a> 14 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Retrieved: 6 May 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gobatumi.com/public/en/catalog/820-selimoba">"Selimoba"</a>. <i>gobatumi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gobatumi.com&rft.atitle=Selimoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgobatumi.com%2Fpublic%2Fen%2Fcatalog%2F820-selimoba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gobatumi.com/en/catalog/119-machakhloba">"Machahloba"</a>. <i>www.gobatumi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gobatumi.com&rft.atitle=Machahloba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gobatumi.com%2Fen%2Fcatalog%2F119-machakhloba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gobatumi.com/en/catalog/189-kolkhoba">"Kolkhoba"</a>. <i>gobatumi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gobatumi.com&rft.atitle=Kolkhoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgobatumi.com%2Fen%2Fcatalog%2F189-kolkhoba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerluguian1998" class="citation book cs1">Derluguian, Georgi M. (1998). "The Tale of Two Resorts: Abkhazia and Ajaria Before and Since the Soviet Collapse". In Crawford, Beverly; Lipschutz, Ronnie D. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hc733q3"><i>The Myth of "Ethnic Conflict": Politics, Economics, and "Cultural" Violence</i></a>. Research series. University of California at Berkeley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87725-198-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87725-198-9"><bdi>978-0-87725-198-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39282004">39282004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Tale+of+Two+Resorts%3A+Abkhazia+and+Ajaria+Before+and+Since+the+Soviet+Collapse&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+%22Ethnic+Conflict%22%3A+Politics%2C+Economics%2C+and+%22Cultural%22+Violence&rft.series=Research+series&rft.pub=University+of+California+at+Berkeley&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39282004&rft.isbn=978-0-87725-198-9&rft.aulast=Derluguian&rft.aufirst=Georgi+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F7hc733q3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2009" class="citation book cs1">George, Julie A. (2009). <i>The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230102323">10.1057/9780230102323</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-61359-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-61359-1"><bdi>978-0-230-61359-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/320435107">320435107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Ethnic+Separatism+in+Russia+and+Georgia&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F320435107&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230102323&rft.isbn=978-0-230-61359-1&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Julie+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHochKopeček2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hoch, Tomáš; Kopeček, Vincent (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=35267">"Transforming Identity of Ajarian Population"</a>. <i>ALPPI Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Identity</i>. <b>V</b> (5): 57–72. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1803-1757">1803-1757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ALPPI+Annual+of+Language+%26+Politics+and+Politics+of+Identity&rft.atitle=Transforming+Identity+of+Ajarian+Population&rft.volume=V&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=57-72&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1803-1757&rft.aulast=Hoch&rft.aufirst=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1&rft.au=Kope%C4%8Dek%2C+Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D35267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2001" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1tm7gbw"><i>Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War</i></a> (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-3802-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-3802-8"><bdi>978-0-8014-3802-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1tm7gbw">10.7591/j.ctt1tm7gbw</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1160511946">1160511946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Hatreds%3A+The+Symbolic+Politics+of+Ethnic+War&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1160511946&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7591%2Fj.ctt1tm7gbw%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-3802-8&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Stuart+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7591%2Fj.ctt1tm7gbw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanikidze2018" class="citation journal cs1">Sanikidze, George (2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247">"Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges"</a></span>. <i>Islamophobia Studies Journal</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 247–265. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13169%2Fislastudj.4.2.0247">10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2325-8381">2325-8381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamophobia+Studies+Journal&rft.atitle=Muslim+Communities+of+Georgia%3A+Old+Problems+and+New+Challenges&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=247-265&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13169%2Fislastudj.4.2.0247&rft.issn=2325-8381&rft.aulast=Sanikidze&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceopen.com%2Fhosted-document%3Fdoi%3D10.13169%2Fislastudj.4.2.0247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdjara" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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4em">Countries and regions of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:1em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:15em;"><div> <div style="vertical-align:left; horizontal-align:left; align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet Caucasia"><img alt="Soviet Caucasia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/105px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/158px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/210px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Soviet Caucasia</figcaption></figure></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:15em;"><div> <div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Adjara.svg/23px-Flag_of_Adjara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Adjara.svg/35px-Flag_of_Adjara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Adjara.svg/45px-Flag_of_Adjara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adjara</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Adygea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Adygea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Adygea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Adygea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Adygea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Adygea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Adygea" title="Adygea">Adygea</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:15em;"><div> <div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Dagestan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dagestan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Dagestan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dagestan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Dagestan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Dagestan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:15em;"><div> <div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Krasnodar_Krai.svg/23px-Flag_of_Krasnodar_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Krasnodar_Krai.svg/35px-Flag_of_Krasnodar_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Krasnodar_Krai.svg/45px-Flag_of_Krasnodar_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar Krai</a></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:15em;"><div> <div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania" title="North Ossetia–Alania">North Ossetia – Alania</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg/23px-Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg/35px-Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg/45px-Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" title="Stavropol Krai">Stavropol Krai</a></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:15em;"><div> <div style="vertical-align:right; horizontal-align:right; align:right;"></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> Partially-recognized states</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Georgia_(country)&#124;link=Georgia_(country)_Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Georgia_(country)&#124;link=Georgia_(country)_Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Administrative divisions of Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republic" title="Autonomous republic">Autonomous republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Autonomous_Republic_of_Abkhazia" title="Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adjara</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_of_Georgia_(country).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regions of Georgia"><img alt="Regions of Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Regions_of_Georgia_%28country%29.svg/200px-Regions_of_Georgia_%28country%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Regions_of_Georgia_%28country%29.svg/300px-Regions_of_Georgia_%28country%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Regions_of_Georgia_%28country%29.svg/400px-Regions_of_Georgia_%28country%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="913" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mkhare" title="Mkhare">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guria" title="Guria">Guria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imereti" title="Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakheti" title="Kakheti">Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvemo_Kartli" title="Kvemo Kartli">Kvemo Kartli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mtskheta-Mtianeti" title="Mtskheta-Mtianeti">Mtskheta-Mtianeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racha-Lechkhumi_and_Kvemo_Svaneti" title="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti">Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samegrelo-Zemo_Svaneti" title="Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti">Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samtskhe%E2%80%93Javakheti" title="Samtskhe–Javakheti">Samtskhe–Javakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shida_Kartli" title="Shida Kartli">Shida Kartli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City with special status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> <small>(capital)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_South_Ossetia" title="Administration of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> <i>De facto</i> independent (see <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_regions_of_Georgia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_regions_of_Georgia" title="Template:Historical regions of Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_regions_of_Georgia" title="Template talk:Historical regions of Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_regions_of_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical regions of Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_regions_of_Georgia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical regions of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abasgoi" title="Abasgoi">Abkhazeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abzhywa" title="Abzhywa">Abzhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsilae" title="Apsilae">Tsebelda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samurzakano" title="Samurzakano">Samurzakano</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Georgia"><img alt="Flag of Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adjara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machakheli" title="Machakheli">Machakhela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazistan" title="Lazistan">Chaneti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guria" title="Guria">Guria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surebi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surebi (page does not exist)">Surebi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imereti" title="Imereti">Imereti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argveti" title="Argveti">Argveti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vake_(historical_region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vake (historical region (page does not exist)">Vake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhurisi" title="Mukhurisi">Mukhurisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okriba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okriba (page does not exist)">Okriba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sachino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sachino (page does not exist)">Sachino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sajavakho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sajavakho (page does not exist)">Sajavakho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kakheti" title="Kakheti">Kakheti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garekakheti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garekakheti (page does not exist)">Garekakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gagmamkhari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gagmamkhari (page does not exist)">Gagmamkhari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujareti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujareti (page does not exist)">Gujareti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiziki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiziki (page does not exist)">Kiziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereti" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereti">Hereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saingilo" title="Saingilo">Saingilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusheti" title="Tusheti">Tusheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kvemo_Kartli" title="Kvemo Kartli">Kvemo Kartli</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borchali" class="mw-redirect" title="Borchali">Borchalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardabani_(historic_district)" title="Gardabani (historic district)">Gardabani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gachiani" title="Gachiani">Gachiani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmaniskhevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmaniskhevi (page does not exist)">Dmaniskhevi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mtskheta-Mtianeti" title="Mtskheta-Mtianeti">Mtskheta-Mtianeti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mtiuleti" title="Mtiuleti">Mtiuleti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhrani" title="Mukhrani">Mukhrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pshavi" title="Pshavi">Pshavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pkhovi" title="Pkhovi">Pkhovi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tskhavati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tskhavati (page does not exist)">Tskhavati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksniskhevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ksniskhevi (page does not exist)">Ksniskhevi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tskhradzmiskhevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tskhradzmiskhevi (page does not exist)">Tskhradzmiskhevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsanareti" title="Tsanareti">Tsanareti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsilkani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsilkani (page does not exist)">Tsilkani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsobeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsobeni (page does not exist)">Tsobeni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchartali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tchartali (page does not exist)">Tchartali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khada" class="mw-redirect" title="Khada">Khada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandro" class="mw-redirect" title="Khandro">Khandro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khevi" title="Khevi">Khevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khevsureti" title="Khevsureti">Khevsureti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kherki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kherki (page does not exist)">Kherki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khorkhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khorkhi (page does not exist)">Khorkhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Racha-Lechkhumi_and_Kvemo_Svaneti" title="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti">Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takveri" class="mw-redirect" title="Takveri">Takveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechkhumi" title="Lechkhumi">Lechkhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racha" title="Racha">Racha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svaneti" title="Svaneti">Kvemo Svaneti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samegrelo-Zemo_Svaneti" title="Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti">Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egrisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Egrisi">Egrisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odishi" title="Odishi">Odishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabediano" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabediano">Sabediano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samegrelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Samegrelo">Samegrelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svaneti" title="Svaneti">Svaneti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shida_Kartli" title="Shida Kartli">Shida Kartli</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazaleti_(historical_area)" title="Bazaleti (historical area)">Bazaleti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvaleti" title="Dvaleti">Dvaleti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghrandvaleti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maghrandvaleti (page does not exist)">Maghrandvaleti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samachablo" title="Samachablo">Samachablo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zena_Sopeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zena Sopeli (page does not exist)">Zena Sopeli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tao-Klarjeti" title="Tao-Klarjeti">Tao-Klarjeti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tao_(historical_region)" title="Tao (historical region)">Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klarjeti" title="Klarjeti">Klarjeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speri_(region)" title="Speri (region)">Speri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6le" title="Göle">Kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavsheti" class="mw-redirect" title="Shavsheti">Shavsheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardahan" title="Ardahan">Ardahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigali_valley" title="Nigali valley">Nigali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasiane_(historical_region)" title="Phasiane (historical region)">Basiani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokhoista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sokhoista (page does not exist)">Sokhoista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemo_Kartli" title="Zemo Kartli">Zemo Kartli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tori_(Georgia)" title="Tori (Georgia)">Tori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti" title="Trialeti">Trialeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samtskhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Samtskhe">Samtskhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javakheti" title="Javakheti">Javakheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Movements_of_regionalism,_separatism_and_stateless_nationalism_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stateless_nationalism_in_Europe" title="Template:Stateless nationalism in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stateless_nationalism_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Stateless nationalism in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stateless_nationalism_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stateless nationalism in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Movements_of_regionalism,_separatism_and_stateless_nationalism_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_separatist_movements_in_Europe" title="List of active separatist movements in Europe">Movements</a> of <a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">regionalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stateless_nation" title="Stateless nation">stateless</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus" title="Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Azerbaijan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Republic_of_Lachin" title="Kurdish Republic of Lachin">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lezgin nationalism">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh-Mughan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic">Talysh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Movement" title="Walloon Movement">Walloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bosnia and<br />Herzegovina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_secession_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Proposed secession of Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_identity" title="Istrian identity">Istrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Turkish Cypriot nationalism">Turkish Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">Greek Cypriot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_independence_movement" title="Faroese independence movement">Faroese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_%C3%85land" title="Future of Åland">Ålandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_nationalism" title="Corsican nationalism">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">North Catalan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjaria">Adjarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Javakhk_Democratic_Alliance" title="United Javakhk Democratic Alliance">Javakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetia" title="Ossetia">Ossetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_nationalism" title="Bavarian nationalism">Bavarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabians" title="Swabians">Swabians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chameria" title="Chameria">Cham Albanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_nationalism" title="Lombard nationalism">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_nationalism" title="Padanian nationalism">Padanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_nationalism" title="Sardinian nationalism">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_nationalism" title="Sicilian nationalism">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrolean_independence_movement" title="South Tyrolean independence movement">South Tyrolean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_nationalism" title="Venetian nationalism">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kazakhstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh%E2%80%93Russian_ethnic_conflicts" title="Kazakh–Russian ethnic conflicts">North Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Macedonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilirida" title="Ilirida">Ilirida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Moldova</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia" title="Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_nationalism" title="Frisian nationalism">Frisian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasz%C3%ABbsk%C3%B4_Jednota" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaszëbskô Jednota">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Autonomy_Movement" title="Silesian Autonomy Movement">Silesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig_Government_in_Exile" title="Free City of Danzig Government in Exile">Free City of Danzig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_autonomy_movement" title="Székely autonomy movement">Székely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvania%E2%80%93Banat_League" title="Transylvania–Banat League">Transylvania–Banat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkar_and_Karachay_nationalism" title="Balkar and Karachay nationalism">Balkar and Karachay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_nationalism" title="Chuvash nationalism">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_nationalism" title="Circassian nationalism">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_nationalism" title="Ingush nationalism">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lezgin nationalism">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchurian_nationalism" title="Manchurian nationalism">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetia" title="Ossetia">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism" title="Siberian regionalism">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_nationalism" title="Tatar nationalism">Tatar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vojvodina_Autonomist_Movement" title="Vojvodina Autonomist Movement">Vojvodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_nationalism" title="Andalusian nationalism">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_nationalism" title="Aragonese nationalism">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_nationalism" title="Asturian nationalism">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_nationalism" title="Canarian nationalism">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_nationalism" title="Castilian nationalism">Castilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalism" title="Galician nationalism">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonese nationalism">Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcian_nationalism" title="Murcian nationalism">Murcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarrese_nationalism" title="Navarrese nationalism">Navarrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_nationalism" title="Valencian nationalism">Valencian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_Party" title="Scania Party">Scania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_nationalism" title="Assyrian nationalism">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Eastern Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">Western Armenian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_nationalism" title="Ulster nationalism">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">United Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">First-level NUTS of the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45693#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45693#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45693#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Adžárie (Gruzie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge754011&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/cbbe7923-a5e9-416a-994e-35fc4101c6ff">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved 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