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id="toc-Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-All-Ukrainian_Union_Svoboda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#All-Ukrainian_Union_Svoboda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 All-Ukrainian Union Svoboda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-All-Ukrainian_Union_Svoboda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_-_2012_local_elections_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_-_2012_local_elections_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2009 - 2012 local elections success </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_-_2012_local_elections_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_elections:_Growing_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_elections:_Growing_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2012 elections: Growing support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_elections:_Growing_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_election_aftermath_and_Euromaidan_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_election_aftermath_and_Euromaidan_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2012 election aftermath and Euromaidan campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_election_aftermath_and_Euromaidan_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_government_(February–November_2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_government_(February–November_2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 In government (February–November 2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_government_(February–November_2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_and_2019_elections:_Losing_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_and_2019_elections:_Losing_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 2014 and 2019 elections: Losing support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_and_2019_elections:_Losing_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Political image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 In government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_government_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_government_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Former government officials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_government_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paramilitary_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paramilitary_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Paramilitary activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paramilitary_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Ideology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ideology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nationalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Nationalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-communism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-communism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Anti-communism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-communism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_conservatism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_conservatism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Social conservatism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_conservatism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neo-Nazism_and_political_extremism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neo-Nazism_and_political_extremism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Neo-Nazism and political extremism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neo-Nazism_and_political_extremism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 In media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statements_by_political_scientists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statements_by_political_scientists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Statements by political scientists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statements_by_political_scientists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statements_by_Jewish_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statements_by_Jewish_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 Statements by Jewish organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statements_by_Jewish_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Platform </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Platform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Platform subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Party leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Election results </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Election results subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verkhovna_Rada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verkhovna_Rada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Verkhovna Rada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verkhovna_Rada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Presidential elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Change_in_party_voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Change_in_party_voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Change in party voting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Change_in_party_voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Svoboda (political party)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" > 33 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="سفوبودا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفوبودا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Усеўкраінскае аб’яднанне «Свабода» – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Усеўкраінскае аб’яднанне «Свабода»" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Усеўкраінскае аб’яднаньне «Свабода» – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Усеўкраінскае аб’яднаньне «Свабода»" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%E2%80%9E%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%E2%80%9C" title="Всеукраинско обединение „Свобода“ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Всеукраинско обединение „Свобода“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(strollad_politikel)" title="Svoboda (strollad politikel) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Svoboda (strollad politikel)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Panucra%C3%AFnesa_%22Llibertat%22" title="Unió Panucraïnesa "Llibertat" – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unió Panucraïnesa "Llibertat"" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(politick%C3%A1_strana)" title="Svoboda (politická strana) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svoboda (politická strana)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda" title="Svoboda – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Svoboda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allukrainische_Vereinigung_%E2%80%9ESwoboda%E2%80%9C" title="Allukrainische Vereinigung „Swoboda“ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Allukrainische Vereinigung „Swoboda“" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(partido)" title="Svoboda (partido) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Svoboda (partido)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="سووبودا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سووبودا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(parti)" title="Svoboda (parti) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Svoboda (parti)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9A%B0%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_%22%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%22" title="전우크라이나 연합 "자유" – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전우크라이나 연합 "자유"" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveukrajinsko_objedinjenje_Sloboda" title="Sveukrajinsko objedinjenje Sloboda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveukrajinsko objedinjenje Sloboda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(partai_politik)" title="Svoboda (partai politik) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Svoboda (partai politik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(partito_politico)" title="Svoboda (partito politico) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Svoboda (partito politico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visukrai%C5%86u_apvien%C4%ABba_%22Svoboda%22" title="Visukraiņu apvienība "Svoboda" – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Visukraiņu apvienība "Svoboda"" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(politin%C4%97_partija)" title="Svoboda (politinė partija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Svoboda (politinė partija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A4%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="سڤوبودا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سڤوبودا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(Oekra%C3%AFne)" title="Svoboda (Oekraïne) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Svoboda (Oekraïne)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E3%80%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E3%80%8D" title="全ウクライナ連合「自由」 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="全ウクライナ連合「自由」" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_allukrainske_unionen_Svoboda" title="Den allukrainske unionen Svoboda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den allukrainske unionen Svoboda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Og%C3%B3lnoukrai%C5%84skie_Zjednoczenie_%E2%80%9ESwoboda%E2%80%9D" title="Ogólnoukraińskie Zjednoczenie „Swoboda” – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ogólnoukraińskie Zjednoczenie „Swoboda”" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(partido)" title="Svoboda (partido) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Svoboda (partido)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_Panucrainean%C4%83_%E2%80%9ELibertatea%E2%80%9D" title="Uniunea Panucraineană „Libertatea” – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniunea Panucraineană „Libertatea”" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8F_%22%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22" title="Всеукраїньске здружіня "Свобода" – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Всеукраїньске здружіня "Свобода"" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Свобода (партия, Украина) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свобода (партия, Украина)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Слобода (политичка странка) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слобода (политичка странка)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_(puolue)" title="Svoboda (puolue) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Svoboda (puolue)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda" title="Svoboda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svoboda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Всеукраїнське об'єднання «Свобода» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Всеукраїнське об'єднання «Свобода»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Slovenian political party, see <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Movement_(Slovenia)" title="Freedom Movement (Slovenia)">Freedom Movement (Slovenia)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0E294D; border-bottom:2px solid #0E294D; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">All-Ukrainian Union "Freedom"</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="uk">Всеукраїнське об'єднання «Свобода»</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Freedom%22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Logo_of_the_All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Freedom%22.svg/250px-Logo_of_the_All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Freedom%22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Logo_of_the_All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Freedom%22.svg/375px-Logo_of_the_All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Freedom%22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Logo_of_the_All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Freedom%22.svg/500px-Logo_of_the_All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Freedom%22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3523" data-file-height="983" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16 October 1995 (1995-10-16) (as <a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">SNPU</a>) February 2004 (2004-02) (as Svoboda)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/S14_(Ukrainian_group)" title="S14 (Ukrainian group)">C14</a> (2010–2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">Paramilitary wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich Battalion</a> (2014–2015)<a href="#cite_note-ua.korrespondent.net-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2010)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">15,000<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_National_Movements" title="Alliance of European National Movements">Alliance of European National Movements</a> (observer, 2011–2014) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nation_Europa_(organization)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nation Europa (organization) (page does not exist)">Nation Europa</a> (2024–)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E294D; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2020_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2020 Ukrainian local elections">Regions</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">890 / 43,122<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E294D; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Svoboda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Svoboda.svg/180px-Flag_of_Svoboda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Svoboda.svg/270px-Flag_of_Svoboda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Svoboda.svg/360px-Flag_of_Svoboda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svoboda.org.ua">www.svoboda.org.ua</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0E294D;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics of Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="List of political parties in Ukraine">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Category:Ukrainian nationalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:black; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Anti-Polish sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">Anti-Western sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_restoration_of_the_Ukrainian_state" title="Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state">Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Dontsov" title="Dmytro Dontsov">Dontsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Melnyk_(officer)" title="Andriy Melnyk (officer)">Melnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Konovalets" title="Yevhen Konovalets">Konovalets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Shukhevych" title="Roman Shukhevych">R. Shukhevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko" title="Yaroslav Stetsko">Stetsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenovii_Krasivskyi" title="Zenovii Krasivskyi">Krasivskyi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Liashko" title="Oleh Liashko">Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurii_Shukhevych" title="Yurii Shukhevych">Shukhevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Yarosh</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Corps" title="National Corps">National Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Oleh_Liashko" title="Radical Party of Oleh Liashko">Radical Party of Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Assembly_%E2%80%93_Ukrainian_People%27s_Self-Defence" title="Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence">Ukrainian National Assembly</a></li></ul> Inactive or defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Political_Movement_%22State_Independence_of_Ukraine%22" title="All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine"">State Independence of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Conservative_Republican_Party" title="Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party">Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S14_(Ukrainian_group)" title="S14 (Ukrainian group)">S14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Military_Organization" title="Ukrainian Military Organization">Ukrainian Military Organization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Ukraine" title="Far-right politics in Ukraine">Far-right politics in Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/16px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/24px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The All-Ukrainian Union "Freedom" (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Всеукраїнське об'єднання «Свобода», <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: Vseukrainske ob'iednanne "Svoboda"), commonly known as V.O. Svoboda or simply Svoboda, is an <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultranationalist">ultranationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Political party in Ukraine">political party in Ukraine</a>. It has been led by <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> since 2004. Its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</a> (SNPU) formed and officially registered as a political party in October 1995. The SNPU was characterized as a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">radical right-wing populist</a> party that combined elements of <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ethnic ultranationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communism</a>. During the 1990s, it was accused of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazism</a> due to the party's recruitment of <a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">skinheads</a> and usage of neo-Nazi symbols.<a href="#cite_note-umlandp412-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-andrusechko-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-rudling13wr2-12">[12]</a> Tyahnybok was elected in 2004 as the president of the party and shortly after he made efforts to moderate the party's image by changing the party's name and symbols and expelling neo-Nazi and <a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">neofascist</a> groups.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz2-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-umland2013rpl2-14">[14]</a> Although Tyahnybok expelled neofascist groups, Svoboda never abandoned ethnic ultranationalist views and he reaffirmed the party's commitment to its original xenophobic platform.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218...was_mainly_an_image_campaign._Tyahnybok’s_speech_following_the_2004_convention_clearly_reaffirmed_Svoboda’s_commitment_to_its_original_racist,_anti-_Semitic,_and_xenophobic_platform_when_he_claimed_that_Ukraine_was_ruled_by_a_Russian-Jewish_mafia_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218...was_mainly_an_image_campaign._Tyahnybok’s_speech_following_the_2004_convention_clearly_reaffirmed_Svoboda’s_commitment_to_its_original_racist,_anti-_Semitic,_and_xenophobic_platform_when_he_claimed_that_Ukraine_was_ruled_by_a_Russian-Jewish_mafia-15">[15]</a> The party gained increasing popularity in the late 2000s and early 2010s, winning 10.45% of the vote in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a>. Between 2009 and 2014, it was an observer member of the far-right <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_National_Movements" title="Alliance of European National Movements">Alliance of European National Movements</a>. It played a role in the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">2014 Ukrainian revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan protests</a> but its support dropped quickly following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2014 elections</a>. Since then, the party has been polling below the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a>, and it currently has one seat in the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>. Svoboda's economic platform is <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statist</a> and anti-liberal.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> Its political position has been described as <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a>,<a href="#cite_note-brit-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-portnikov-17">[17]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-far-right-18">[18]</a> Described as an ultranationalist,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcUltraNat-20">[20]</a> right-wing populist party,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> it expressed support and staged commemorations honoring early 20th century, Ukrainian far-right nationalist leader <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a>, and it <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">opposes immigration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">globalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>. It is staunchly anti-communist and <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">conservative</a> regarding social issues, and it favors <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The party has been described as "deeply anti-Semitic",<a href="#cite_note-sternatlantic-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> and "fascist",<a href="#cite_note-reutersFarright-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> though others say the party is no longer overtly anti-Semitic,<a href="#cite_note-reutersFarright-26">[26]</a> and is now best described as a "radical <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">nationalist</a> party".<a href="#cite_note-reutersFarright-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-shekheuroz-28">[28]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Social-National Party of Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IN_(yellow_background).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IN_%28yellow_background%29.svg/100px-IN_%28yellow_background%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IN_%28yellow_background%29.svg/150px-IN_%28yellow_background%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IN_%28yellow_background%29.svg/200px-IN_%28yellow_background%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>The symbol "Idea of The Nation "used by the SNPU until 2004</figcaption></figure> The Social-National Party of Ukraine (SNPU) was registered as a party on 16 October 1995;<a href="#cite_note-Register-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-DATA-30">[30]</a> the constituent congress of the party took place on 13 October 1991, in <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>. The party was established by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Afghan War">Soviet-Afghan War</a> veterans organization, the youth organization "Spadshchyna" (Heritage, headed by <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a>), the Lviv Student Fraternity (headed by <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a>), and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rukh_Guard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rukh Guard (page does not exist)">Rukh Guard</a> (headed by <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Andrushkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslav Andrushkiv">Yaroslav Andrushkiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Kryvoruchko_(politician)" title="Yuriy Kryvoruchko (politician)">Yuriy Kryvoruchko</a>).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Dr. <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Andrushkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslav Andrushkiv">Yaroslav Andrushkiv</a> was elected leader of the party. The party adopted a party emblem associated with <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> and which is used by neo-Nazi organizations in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-snpu_freedom-32">[32]</a> The SNPU's official program defined itself as an "irreconcilable enemy of Communist ideology". According to Svoboda's website, during the <a href="/wiki/1994_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election">1994 Ukrainian parliamentary elections</a> the party presented its platform as distinct from those of the communists and social democrats.<a href="#cite_note-svoabout-33">[33]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1998_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election">1998 parliamentary elections</a>, the party joined a bloc of parties (together with the <a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Political_Movement_%22State_Independence_of_Ukraine%22" title="All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine"">All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine"</a>)<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> called "Fewer Words" (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Менше слів), which collected 0.16% of the national vote.<a href="#cite_note-DATA-30">[30]</a> Party member <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a><a href="#cite_note-UkrinformTyahnybok-35">[35]</a> was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Parliament">Ukrainian Parliament</a> in this election.<a href="#cite_note-UkrinformTyahnybok-35">[35]</a> He became a member of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_of_Ukraine" title="People's Movement of Ukraine">People's Movement of Ukraine</a> faction.<a href="#cite_note-UkrinformTyahnybok-35">[35]</a> The SNPU established the paramilitary organization <a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriot of Ukraine (organization)">Patriot of Ukraine</a> in 1999 as an "Association of Support" for the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ukraine">military of Ukraine</a>, and registered it with the Ministry of Justice. The paramilitary organization was disbanded in 2004 during the SNPU's reformation but was reconstituted as an independent organization in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> Svoboda officially ended association with the group in 2007,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> but they remained informally linked into the 2010s,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> with representatives of Svoboda attending social campaigns such as protests against price increases and leafleting against drugs and alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In 2014, Svoboda was noted for clashing with the far-right group <a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a>, a coalition which included Patriot of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 2001, the SNPU joined some actions of the "<a href="/wiki/Ukraine_without_Kuchma" title="Ukraine without Kuchma">Ukraine without Kuchma</a>" protest campaign and was active in forming the association of Ukraine's rightist parties and in supporting <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a>'s candidacy for <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">prime minister</a>, although it did not participate in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2002 parliamentary elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DATA-30">[30]</a> However, as a member of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Yushchenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Yushchenko">Victor Yushchenko</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Our_Ukraine_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Ukraine bloc">Our Ukraine bloc</a>, Tyahnybok was reelected to the Ukrainian parliament.<a href="#cite_note-UkrinformTyahnybok-35">[35]</a> The SNPU won two seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lviv_oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Lviv oblast">Lviv oblast</a> council of deputies and representation in the city and district councils in the <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast" title="Lviv Oblast">Lviv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volyn_oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Volyn oblast">Volyn oblasts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-svoabout-33">[33]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] In 2004, the party had less than 1,000 members.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="All-Ukrainian_Union_Svoboda">All-Ukrainian Union Svoboda</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: All-Ukrainian Union Svoboda">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Svoboda_banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Svoboda_banner.jpg/220px-Svoboda_banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Svoboda_banner.jpg/330px-Svoboda_banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Svoboda_banner.jpg/440px-Svoboda_banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3680" /></a><figcaption>Svoboda activists with party flags on their way to a pro-EU rally on <a href="/wiki/European_Square_(Kyiv)" title="European Square (Kyiv)">European Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, November 2013</figcaption></figure> In February 2004, the arrival of Oleh Tyahnybok as party leader led a significant change in moderating the Social-National Party's image.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-umland2013rpl-41">[41]</a> It changed its name to the All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda",<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> and abandoned the "I + N" (Ukrainian «Ідея Нації» "Idea Natsii" = "<a href="/wiki/National_Idea_(symbol)" title="National Idea (symbol)">idea of a nation</a>") <a href="/wiki/Wolfsangel" title="Wolfsangel">Wolfsangel</a> logo (a symbol popular among <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> groups)<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-rudling13wr-42">[42]</a> with a three-fingered hand reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Tryzub" class="mw-redirect" title="Tryzub">'Tryzub' pro-independence gesture</a> of the late 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-rudling13wr-42">[42]</a> Svoboda also pushed neo-Nazi and other radical groups out of the party,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> distancing itself from its neofascist past while retaining the support of extreme nationalists.<a href="#cite_note-umland2013rpl-41">[41]</a> Andrushkiv, former head of the party, rejected Tyahnybok's claim that Svoboda was successor party to the SNPU and called Svoboda 'a different political phenomenon.' Both he and <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a> would leave the 'new' party following its transformation.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> However, Tyahnybok never concealed that these changes were made primarily for image purposes.<a href="#cite_note-OSW-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218The_2004_'rebranding,'_as_described_by_party_members_and_leaders_in_interviews,_was_mainly_an_image_campaign-46">[46]</a> Tyahnybok reaffirmed the party's commitment to its original racist and xenophobic platform in a speech following the 2004 convention.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218-47">[47]</a> The party remained associated with the 'wide social nationalist movement' (consisting of numerous organisations and websites) and gathered around the <a href="/wiki/Social-National_Assembly" title="Social-National Assembly">Social-Nationalist Assembly</a> which was set up in 2008. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuri_Mykhailyshyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuri Mykhailyshyn (page does not exist)">Yuri Mykhailyshyn</a>, Tyahnybok's adviser who topped the list of Svoboda's Lviv branch in the 2010 municipal council elections, founded the Internet <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> Political Research Centre (the centre later changed Goebbels for <a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Ernst Jünger</a>) in 2005. <a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a>, a paramilitary organisation dissolved in 2004 and re-established in 2005 in a different legal form, continued to maintain ties with Svoboda. It was not until 2007 that this paramilitary organisation announced the end of its relationship with Svoboda.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Even then, some prominent Svoboda members, such as Andriy Illienko from Svoboda's Kyiv branch, continued to identify themselves with the ideas of Patriot of Ukraine, which still uses the Wolfsangel symbol.<a href="#cite_note-OSW-45">[45]</a> In 2004, Tyahnybok was expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Our_Ukraine_(pre_2007)" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Ukraine (pre 2007)">Our Ukraine</a> parliamentary faction for a speech calling for Ukrainians to fight against a "Muscovite-Jewish mafia",<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a> using pejorative terms for Russians and Jews alike,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218-47">[47]</a> and celebrated the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> for having fought "Moscovites, Germans, Jews and other scum who wanted to take away our Ukrainian state."<a href="#cite_note-rudling13wr-42">[42]</a> The speech was delivered at the grave of a commander of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a>, where Tyahnybok praised its struggle against "<a href="/wiki/Moskaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskaly">Moskaly</a>", a derogatory term for either Russians<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> or <a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">pan-Russian nationalists</a>;<a href="#cite_note-moska-51">[51]</a> Germans; and "<a href="/wiki/Zhydovka" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhydovka">Zhydy</a>", an archaic but controversial term for Jews in Ukraine due to it being a slur when used in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-harvestod-53">[53]</a> Tyahnybok's 2004 comments were widely circulated on the three TV channels controlled by the head of the Presidential Administration, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Medvedchuk" title="Viktor Medvedchuk">Viktor Medvedchuk</a>: State Channel 1, 1+1 and Inter.<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-moska-51">[51]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2006 Ukrainian local elections">2006 local elections</a>, the party obtained 4.2% of the votes and 4 (of 64) seats in the <a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast_Council" title="Ternopil Oblast Council">Ternopil Oblast Council</a>, 5.62% of the votes and 10 (of 84) seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast_Council" title="Lviv Oblast Council">Lviv Oblast Council</a> and 6.69% of the votes and 9 seats in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lviv_city_council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lviv city council (page does not exist)">Lviv city council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2006 parliamentary elections</a>, they received just 0.36%.<a href="#cite_note-DATA-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Umland_2020-54">[54]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2007 parliamentary elections</a>, the party doubled its vote share, receiving 0.76% of the votes cast.<a href="#cite_note-DATA-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Umland_2020-54">[54]</a> It was ranked eighth out of 20 parties. The non-participation of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> meant it was the only far-right party to participate.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> In autumn 2009, Svoboda joined the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_National_Movements" title="Alliance of European National Movements">Alliance of European National Movements</a> as the only organisation from outside the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> That year the party claimed to have 15,000 members.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG/220px-%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG/330px-%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG/440px-%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A Svoboda rally in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009_-_2012_local_elections_success">2009 - 2012 local elections success</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2009 - 2012 local elections success">edit</a>]</div> The party's significant electoral success was the <a href="/wiki/2009_Ternopil_Oblast_local_election" title="2009 Ternopil Oblast local election">2009 Ternopil Oblast local election</a> when they obtained 34.69% of the votes and 50 seats out of 120 in the <a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast_Council" title="Ternopil Oblast Council">Ternopil Oblast Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> This was the best result for a far-right party in Ukraine's history.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> Tyahnybok's candidacy in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">2010 presidential election</a> did not build on the 2009 Ternopil success.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> Tyahnybok received 1.43% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Most of his votes he gained in <a href="/wiki/Lviv_oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Lviv oblast">Lviv oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast" title="Ternopil Oblast">Ternopil Oblast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast" title="Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast">Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast</a> accounted to 5% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In the second round, Tyahnybok did not endorse a candidate. He did present a list of some 20 demands for second round candidate <a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a> had to fulfil first before gaining his endorsement—which included publicizing alleged secret deals Tymoshenko had with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and ridding herself of what he called Ukraine-haters in her close circles.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2010 Ukrainian local elections">2010 Ukrainian local elections</a>, the party won between 20 and 30% of the votes in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Galicia" title="Eastern Galicia">Eastern Galicia</a>, where it became one of the main forces in local government.<a href="#cite_note-SvobodawonthankstoYanu-58">[58]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2009_Ternopil_Oblast_local_election" title="2009 Ternopil Oblast local election">2009 provincial elections in Ternopil</a> had previously been the greatest success of the Svoboda party, when it won 34.4 per cent of votes cast.<a href="#cite_note-TernopileleSvo-59">[59]</a> During the 2010 Ukrainian local elections, Svoboda surpassed this figure, accounting for 5.2% of the vote nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-Svovic2010-60">[60]</a> Analysts explained Svoboda's victory in Galicia during the 2010 elections as a result of the policies of the <a href="/wiki/First_Azarov_government" title="First Azarov government">Azarov Government</a>, who were seen as too <a href="/wiki/Pro-Russian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Russian">pro-Russian</a> by the electorate.<a href="#cite_note-Svovic2010-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Umland" title="Andreas Umland">Andreas Umland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senior_Lecturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Lecturer">Senior Lecturer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">Political Science</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kyiv-Mohyla_Academy" title="National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy">National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Umlandis-62">[62]</a> Svoboda's increasing exposure in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian media">Ukrainian media</a> has contributed to its recent successes.<a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a> Between 2004 and 2010, party membership increased threefold to 15,000 members<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> (traditionally party membership is low in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> As of 2011, Svoboda had factions in eight of Ukraine's 25 regional councils, and in three of those Svoboda is the biggest faction.<a href="#cite_note-Lonhyn-64">[64]</a> Reportedly, the members and supporters of Svoboda are predominantly young people.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> Several clergymen of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Kyivan_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate">Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Church" title="Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church">Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a> are Svoboda members and have stood for election as Svoboda candidates.<a href="#cite_note-priets-65">[65]</a> According to the party, they were chosen on election lists "to counterbalance opponents who include "<a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> priests" in their election lists and have aspirations to build the "<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> World" in Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-priets-65">[65]</a> Per the party's desire to separate the clergy from politics, all churchmen will be recalled if a draft <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution of Ukraine</a> proposed by the party is approved.<a href="#cite_note-priets-65">[65]</a> In early 2012, Svoboda was criticized in domestic and international media after party member <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuri_Sirotyuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuri Sirotyuk (page does not exist)">Yuri Sirotyuk</a> said that Ukrainian pop star <a href="/wiki/Gaitana_(singer)" title="Gaitana (singer)">Gaitana</a>, who is of African descent, was a poor choice to represent Ukraine at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">Eurovision Song Contest 2012</a> because she was "not an organic representative of the Ukrainian culture"<a href="#cite_note-danilova22-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibtimes.com-67">[67]</a> Sirotyuk stated that "It looks like we don't want to show our face, and Ukraine will be associated with a different continent, somewhere in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>."<a href="#cite_note-danilova22-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_elections:_Growing_support">2012 elections: Growing support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2012 elections: Growing support">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Svoboda-2012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Svoboda-2012.png/220px-Svoboda-2012.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Svoboda-2012.png/330px-Svoboda-2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Svoboda-2012.png/440px-Svoboda-2012.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Svoboda's results in the 2012 elections.</figcaption></figure> Starting approximately from 2009, and especially 2010, after pro-Russian <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Yanukovych</a> taking Ukraine's president seat, his government, <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a>, and loyal oligarchs have indirectly and directly helped Svoboda.<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In the run-up to the 2012 election, some Ukrainian media commentators and political analysts expected Svoboda's rising support would come at the expense of <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine#Major_parties_and_political_camps" title="Political parties in Ukraine">more mainstream elements of the opposition</a> and to the benefit of the ruling Party of Regions.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> This support has led to Svoboda's best electoral success in 2012 parliamentary elections.<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a> In July 2012, the party agreed with <a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna</a> on the distribution of the candidates in <a href="/wiki/Single-seat_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-seat constituencies">single-seat constituencies</a> (its share was 35 constituencies)<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">October 2012 parliamentary elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In the run up to these elections various opinion polls predicted the national vote (in a parliamentary election) of the party to sixfolded or sevenfolded which would make it possible that the party would pass the 5% <a href="/wiki/Election_threshold" class="mw-redirect" title="Election threshold">election threshold</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newUKRelectionlawof171111-73">[73]</a> But the party's results in the elections were much better than that with 10.44 percent <a href="#cite_note-74">[nb 1]</a> (almost a fourteenfold of its votes compared with the <a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2007 parliamentary elections</a><a href="#cite_note-DATA-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a>) of the national votes and 38 out of 450 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Parliament">Ukrainian Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTSVOB8112012-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> The lion's share of these votes were won in <a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a> (30–40% in three <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Ukraine" title="Oblasts of Ukraine">Oblasts</a>), while in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">Eastern Ukraine</a> it won 1% of the votes.<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a> At the 116 foreign polling stations, Svoboda won most votes of all parties with 23,63% of all votes.<a href="#cite_note-116fpsSvobwin-77">[76]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a> the party reportedly won over 50% of the votes.<a href="#cite_note-LvivS50-78">[77]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> it became the second most popular party, after <a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Fatherland%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"">Fatherland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a> Voting analysis showed it was the party most popular among voters with a <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Ukraine" title="Higher education in Ukraine">higher education</a> (about 48% of its voters had a higher education).<a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> was elected leader of the party's parliamentary faction (also) on 12 December 2012.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> On 19 October 2012 the party and Batkivshchyna signed an agreement "on the creation of a coalition of democratic forces in the new parliament".<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> The party is also coordinating its parliamentary activities with <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform</a> (UDAR).<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> In recent years, the BBC writes that "Svoboda" has "tapped a vast reservoir of protest votes" because of its <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">anti-corruption</a> stance and because it has softened its own image.<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Sociological_group_%22RATING%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociological group "RATING"">Sociological group "RATING"</a>, the percentage of the party's electorate who only use the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian language</a> decreased from 75% to 68% between September 2012 and March 2013.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_election_aftermath_and_Euromaidan_campaign">2012 election aftermath and Euromaidan campaign</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2012 election aftermath and Euromaidan campaign">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opposition_leaders_by_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_on_Wednesday.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Speakers addressing demonstrators with flags" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Opposition_leaders_by_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_on_Wednesday.jpg/220px-Opposition_leaders_by_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_on_Wednesday.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Opposition_leaders_by_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_on_Wednesday.jpg/330px-Opposition_leaders_by_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_on_Wednesday.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Opposition_leaders_by_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_on_Wednesday.jpg/440px-Opposition_leaders_by_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_on_Wednesday.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3680" /></a><figcaption>Opposition leaders <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a> addressing demonstrators, November 2013</figcaption></figure> During the first two sessions of the newly elected parliament, Svoboda <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Deputy_of_Ukraine" title="People's Deputy of Ukraine">deputies</a> and other opposition politicians physically clashed with MPs during the election of a prime minister and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Verkhovna_Rada" title="Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada">speaker</a> amid allegations of continued voting for absent colleagues by government deputies.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> Clashes again erupted in March 2013 between Svoboda and <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> MPs, when ruling Party of Regions MP <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Yefremov" title="Oleksandr Yefremov">Oleksandr Yefremov</a> delivered a speech in Russian; the speech was drowned out by Svoboda MPs, shouting "Speak Ukrainian!" A later speech by Tyahnybok provoked chants of "Fascist" and a large, brief fist-fight between the two parties.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Svoboda MP and deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Miroshnychenko" title="Ihor Miroshnychenko">Ihor Miroshnychenko</a> attracted international criticism in December 2012 for writing on his <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> wall that American actress <a href="/wiki/Mila_Kunis" title="Mila Kunis">Mila Kunis</a>, who was born in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a> of Jewish descent, is "not Ukrainian but a <a href="/wiki/Zhydivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhydivka">zhydivka</a>" (a pejorative term for a Jew).<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael-52">[52]</a> According to Svoboda, the word does not have the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Ukraine" title="Antisemitism in Ukraine">antisemitic</a> connotation in Ukrainian that it does in Russian.<a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael-52">[52]</a> Citing a Ukrainian academic dictionary, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ministry_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Ministry of Justice">Ministry of Justice</a> considered the word archaic but not necessarily a slur.<a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Svoboda has repeatedly said that it would not stop using words it considers legitimate Ukrainian parlance.<a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael-52">[52]</a> Attempts to use antisemitism as a propaganda weapon against the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> movement were noted, and reports of widespread antisemitism were disputed by analysts, historians and human-rights activists.<a href="#cite_note-antisem-87">[86]</a> In May 2013, Svoboda, Fatherland and UDAR announced that they would coordinate during the <a href="/wiki/2015_Ukrainian_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Ukrainian presidential election">2015 Ukrainian presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-government_protests_in_Kiev,_December_29,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large demonstration, with Svoboda and other party flags" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Anti-government_protests_in_Kiev%2C_December_29%2C_2013.jpg/220px-Anti-government_protests_in_Kiev%2C_December_29%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Anti-government_protests_in_Kiev%2C_December_29%2C_2013.jpg/330px-Anti-government_protests_in_Kiev%2C_December_29%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Anti-government_protests_in_Kiev%2C_December_29%2C_2013.jpg/440px-Anti-government_protests_in_Kiev%2C_December_29%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2425" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>Anti-government protests in Kyiv during Euromaidan, 29 December 2013</figcaption></figure> A 7–17 December 2013 opinion poll indicated that in a presidential election between <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> and Svoboda leader Tyahnybok Tyahnybok would win 28.8 percent of the popular vote to Yanukovych's 27.1 percent.<a href="#cite_note-kppoll-89">[88]</a> Svoboda participates in the ongoing pro-European Union protest campaign to influence regime change and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">integration with the EU</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> monument in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_monument_to_Lenin_in_Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv">was toppled</a> during Euromaidan, MP <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Myroshnichenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Ihor Myroshnichenko">Ihor Myroshnichenko</a> accepted responsibility for the act on behalf of Svoboda.<a href="#cite_note-Svoboda_assumes_responsibility_for_pulling-90">[89]</a> Eighteen Svoboda members were killed in the Euromaidan protests and the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ukrainian revolution">2014 Ukrainian revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardian3-91">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_government_(February–November_2014)">In government (February–November 2014)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In government (February–November 2014)">edit</a>]</div> On 27 February 2014, the <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Yatsenyuk Government">Yatsenyuk government</a> was formed, including three Svoboda ministers: Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Sych" title="Oleksandr Sych">Oleksandr Sych</a>, Agrarian Policy and Food Minister <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Shvaika" title="Ihor Shvaika">Ihor Shvaika</a> and Environment and Natural Resources Minister <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Mokhnyk" title="Andriy Mokhnyk">Andriy Mokhnyk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Svoboda_party_members_in_Ukrainian_government_resign-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-IU26214GNU-93">[92]</a> Party members were appointed governors of <a href="/wiki/Poltava_Oblast" title="Poltava Oblast">Poltava</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Buhaychuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor Buhaychuk (page does not exist)">Viktor Buhaychuk</a> on 2 March 2014), <a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast" title="Ternopil Oblast">Ternopil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oleh_Syrotyuk" title="Oleh Syrotyuk">Oleh Syrotyuk</a> on 2 March) and <a href="/wiki/Rivne_Oblast" title="Rivne Oblast">Rivne Oblasts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Rybachka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergey Rybachka (page does not exist)">Sergey Rybachka</a> on 3 March 2014).<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-segodnya1-95">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sich_Battalion,_September_30,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich Battalion</a>, behind them flies the flag of Svoboda.</figcaption></figure> On 18 March 2014, Svoboda members posted an online video of party MPs beating acting <a href="/wiki/National_Television_Company_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Television Company of Ukraine">National Television Company of Ukraine</a> president <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Panteleymonov" title="Oleksandr Panteleymonov">Oleksandr Panteleymonov</a> and trying to force him to sign a letter of resignation because he broadcast the <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Crimea_to_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Crimea to the Russian Federation">Crimea accession to the Russian Federation ceremony in the Kremlin</a>. In the video Panteleymonov's broadcast was called "state treason" by Svoboda MP <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Miroshnychenko" title="Ihor Miroshnychenko">Miroshnychenko</a>, deputy head of the Parliamentary Committee on Freedom of Speech and Information.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Tyahnybok condemned the attack ("Such actions were fine yesterday (during the protests), but now they are inappropriate"),<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> which was also condemned by <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and acting prime minister <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mirkinson-98">[97]</a> On 20 March 2014, Svoboda withdrew as observers from the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_National_Movements" title="Alliance of European National Movements">Alliance of European National Movements</a> (AENM) over sympathy by several alliance members for the <a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_military_intervention_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine">Russian military intervention</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SvobAENM-99">[98]</a> and in June the party formed the <a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich Battalion</a> to fight the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ua.korrespondent.net-1">[1]</a> The May <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">2014 Ukrainian presidential election</a> proved to be a defeat for Svoboda, whose candidate <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> only received 1.16% of votes.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> On 24 July 2014, Svoboda and the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform</a> (UDAR) withdrew from the government coalition, stating they were doing so in order to pave the way for early parliamentary elections;<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatseniuk</a> announced his resignation to the Verkhovna Rada a few hours later.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> On 25 July, newly elected President <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> dissolved the Verkhovna Rada and called snap elections in November.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_and_2019_elections:_Losing_support">2014 and 2019 elections: Losing support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2014 and 2019 elections: Losing support">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%A0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014_(%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%A0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.png/220px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%A0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.png/330px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%A0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.png/440px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Party support (% of the votes cast) in different regions of Ukraine (in the 2014 election).</figcaption></figure> In the October <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a>, the party won six constituency seats; the party fell short by 0.29% to overcome the required 5% threshold to win seats on the nationwide list.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> The party's election results thus halved compared with the 2012 election because of negative assessments of the activities of the local governments that included Svoboda members.<a href="#cite_note-Olszanski_AE-105">[104]</a> Svoboda won no constituencies in its former stronghold <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast" title="Lviv Oblast">Lviv Oblast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Olszanski_AE-105">[104]</a> Its election outcome was also undermined by the fact that in this election the party was not the only one using radically patriotic, <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Russian">anti-Russian</a> slogans.<a href="#cite_note-Olszanski_AE-105">[104]</a> On 12 November 2014, the party's ministers in the Yatsenyuk Government resigned (they became <a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> ministers until a new Government was formed).<a href="#cite_note-Svoboda_party_members_in_Ukrainian_government_resign-92">[91]</a> The parties governors of <a href="/wiki/Poltava_Oblast" title="Poltava Oblast">Poltava Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast" title="Ternopil Oblast">Ternopil Oblast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rivne_Oblast" title="Rivne Oblast">Rivne Oblast</a> also resigned and were formally dismissed by President <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> on 18 November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> In <a href="/wiki/West_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="West Ukraine">West Ukraine</a>, Svoboda improved its electoral performance in the October <a href="/wiki/2015_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2015 Ukrainian local elections">2015 Ukrainian local elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> In the elections its candidate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruslan_Martsinkiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruslan Martsinkiv (page does not exist)">Ruslan Martsinkiv</a> was elected Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> On 19 November 2018, Svoboda and fellow <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian nationalist">Ukrainian nationalist</a> political organizations <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a> and <a href="/wiki/C14_(Ukrainian_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="C14 (Ukrainian group)">C14</a> endorsed <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Koshulynskyi" title="Ruslan Koshulynskyi">Ruslan Koshulynskyi</a> candidacy in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2019 Ukrainian presidential election">2019 Ukrainian presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> In the election he received 1.6% of the votes.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Svoboda-2019_%25.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Svoboda-2019_%25.png/220px-Svoboda-2019_%25.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Svoboda-2019_%25.png/330px-Svoboda-2019_%25.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Svoboda-2019_%25.png/440px-Svoboda-2019_%25.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Results of the 2019 elections</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a>, other parties joined Svoboda to form a united party list; the <a href="/wiki/Governmental_Initiative_of_Yarosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Governmental Initiative of Yarosh">Governmental Initiative of Yarosh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Corps" title="National Corps">National Corps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vibori-600508-111">[110]</a> However, in the election, they won 2.15% of the votes, less than half of the 5% election threshold, and thus no parliamentary seats via the national party list.<a href="#cite_note-formerMP2748306-112">[111]</a> The party did win one constituency seat, in <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-formerMP2748306-112">[111]</a> Svoboda candidate <a href="/wiki/Oksana_Savchuk" title="Oksana Savchuk">Oksana Savchuk</a> won the party's sole constituency seat with 46.68% of the votes in constituency 83.<a href="#cite_note-URKVOTEC83IVOSOS-113">[112]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2020 Ukrainian local elections">2020 Ukrainian local elections</a>, Svoboda managed to secure first round re-election for their incumbent mayors in West Ukraine, in <a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Nadal" title="Serhiy Nadal">Serhiy Nadal</a>), <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi,_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine">Khmelnytskyi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleksandr_Sym%D1%81hyshyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleksandr Symсhyshyn (page does not exist)">Oleksandr Symсhyshyn</a>) and Ivano-Frankivsk (Ruslan Martsinkiv), but again failed at expanding its support base into other parts of the country.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> 863 people won seats in local councils on behalf of the party, that is about 2.61% of the available seats.<a href="#cite_note-274039TheCECSvob-115">[114]</a> The election gave the party 19 mayors, making the party ninth in the number of elected mayors.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_image">Political image</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political image">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Kolomoyskyi" title="Ihor Kolomoyskyi">Ihor Kolomoyskyi</a>, president of the United Jewish Community of Ukraine, stated in 2010 that the party has shifted from “ultranationalist closer to the center.”<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> However, the party have been involved in several actions against the country's minorities since then.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">example needed</a>] In 2012, political scientist <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Umland" title="Andreas Umland">Andreas Umland</a> predicted the party would continue to become more moderate over time, and that "there's a belief that Svoboda will change, once in the Verkhovna Rada, and that they may become proper <a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Ukraine)" title="National Democracy (Ukraine)">national democrats</a>."<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a> Since then, the party has gained seats in parliament and has net over 10% of the national vote in the 2012 parliamentary elections. The US ambassador in Kyiv, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Pyatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Pyatt">Geoffrey Pyatt</a>, said in 2014 that he had been "positively impressed" by Svoboda's evolution in opposition and by its behavior in parliament. "They have demonstrated their democratic bona fides," the ambassador asserted.<a href="#cite_note-guardian3-91">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Motyl" title="Alexander J. Motyl">Alexander J. Motyl</a> argues that Svoboda's brand of nationalism "has significantly diminished during, and possibly as a result of, the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euro Revolution</a>."<a href="#cite_note-mot20ma-120">[119]</a> According to the party's website as of 2014, membership is restricted to those "who belong to the Ukrainian nation"; after its founding, atheists and former Communist party members were not eligible to join.<a href="#cite_note-svoabout-33">[33]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>]. According to historian Per Anders Rudling, the party recruited skinheads and football hooligans following its founding in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-rudling13wr-42">[42]</a> On 29 August 2013, Svoboda announced the opening of a representative office, at Rue de la Science/Wetenschapsstraat 14b in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, the same address as the 2012-founded <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_a_Modern_Ukraine" title="European Centre for a Modern Ukraine">European Centre for a Modern Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Apache2014-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Per Anders Rudling</a> described Svoboda as a "neo-fascist" party, while Ivan Katchanovski disagreed.<a href="#cite_note-reutersFarright-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_government">In government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In government">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_government_officials">Former government officials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Former government officials">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a> – acting Minister of Defense (February–March 2014), resigned on own initiative, resignation accepted by parliament after repeated voting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Makhnitsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleh Makhnitsky">Oleh Makhnitsky</a> – acting General Prosecutor February–June 2014 (not part of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Ukraine">Cabinet of Ukraine</a>, officially unaffiliated)</li></ul> On 12 November 2014, the party's ministers in the <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Yatsenyuk Government">Yatsenyuk Government</a> resigned (they became <a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> ministers until a new Government was formed), they were:<a href="#cite_note-Svoboda_party_members_in_Ukrainian_government_resign-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Sych" title="Oleksandr Sych">Oleksandr Sych</a> – Deputy Prime Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Mokhnyk" title="Andriy Mokhnyk">Andriy Mokhnyk</a> – Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Shvayka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ihor Shvayka">Ihor Shvayka</a> – Minister of Agriculture</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paramilitary_activities">Paramilitary activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Paramilitary activities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich Battalion</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patch_of_the_Sich_Battalion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Patch_of_the_Sich_Battalion.svg/115px-Patch_of_the_Sich_Battalion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Patch_of_the_Sich_Battalion.svg/172px-Patch_of_the_Sich_Battalion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Patch_of_the_Sich_Battalion.svg/230px-Patch_of_the_Sich_Battalion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>Sleeve insignia of the "Sich" Battalion</figcaption></figure> With the failures of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Armed Forces">Ukrainian Armed Forces</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a>, many former <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> activists and right-wing parties formed volunteer <a href="/wiki/Militias" class="mw-redirect" title="Militias">militias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary groups</a> to fight the separatists, they are known as the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_volunteer_battalions" title="Ukrainian volunteer battalions">Ukrainian volunteer battalions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> In June 2014, Svoboda formed the <a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">"Sich" Battalion</a>, with volunteers coming mostly from <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-126">[125]</a> The Sich Battalion was placed under command of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> and given official status of a "<a href="/wiki/Special_Tasks_Patrol_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Tasks Patrol Police">Special Tasks Patrol Police</a>".<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> All volunteers were required to have a military background, and included former <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> veterans.<a href="#cite_note-:1-126">[125]</a> The unit was designed for anti-terror operations since its inception.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> The unit was deployed to the regions around the city of <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, mostly provided internal security and participated of combat operations around <a href="/wiki/Marinka,_Ukraine" title="Marinka, Ukraine">Marinka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avdiivka" title="Avdiivka">Avdiivka</a>. By 2015, the Ministry of Internal Affairs banned people registered in political parties of enlisting in their units. The Sich Battalion cut their official ties with Svoboda and was redesignated as the 4th Company "Sich" of the Kyiv Regiment, part of the <a href="/wiki/Special_police" title="Special police">special police</a> of Kyiv.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ideology">edit</a>]</div> Svoboda's ideological base emanates from <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko" title="Yaroslav Stetsko">Yaroslav Stetsko</a>'s "Two Revolutions" doctrine (written in 1951).<a href="#cite_note-MridulaGhoshSvobodaOctober2012-130">[129]</a> The essence of this doctrine states: "the revolution will not end with the establishment of the Ukrainian state, but will go on to establish equal opportunities for all people to create and share material and spiritual values and in this respect the national revolution is also a social one".<a href="#cite_note-MridulaGhoshSvobodaOctober2012-130">[129]</a> A crucial condition for joining Svoboda is that its members must belong to the Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-svoabout-33">[33]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">War in Donbass</a>, the party favors resolving the conflict through use of force.<a href="#cite_note-Olszanski-131">[130]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationalism">Nationalism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nationalism">edit</a>]</div> Svoboda is a party of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a> and in 2011 was noted for favoring a solely <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential regime</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a> In 2013, however, the party pushed for constitutional reform which would limit the president's powers and return power to parliament.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Party leader Tyahnybok has argued that "depicting <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> as extremism is a cliché rooted in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>" and that "countries like modern <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> are fully nationalistic states, but nobody accuses the Japanese of being extremists."<a href="#cite_note-Lonhyn-64">[64]</a> Tyahnybok defined nationalism as love of one's homeland and drew a distinction from <a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">chauvinism</a> and fascism which he defined as the superiority of one nation over another.<a href="#cite_note-OTSays-133">[132]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sich_Battalion,_September_30,_2014_(7).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014_%287%29.jpg/220px-Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014_%287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014_%287%29.jpg/330px-Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014_%287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014_%287%29.jpg/440px-Sich_Battalion%2C_September_30%2C_2014_%287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Territorial_defense_battalion_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial defense battalion (Ukraine)">volunteer battalion</a> "<a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich</a>", formed by Svoboda, fighting pro-Russian separatists, 30 September 2014</figcaption></figure> The party has often staged commemorations honouring Ukrainian nationalist leader <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a> (UPA).<a href="#cite_note-ibtimes.com-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> Bandera led the OUN-B wing of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> in its struggle against the Soviets and later the Germans during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> to establish an independent Ukrainian state, but the UPA, established by OUN-B, also engaged in acts of ethnic cleansing including the <a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DAVIES-135">[134]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] In a 2011 march organized by Svoboda to celebrate the World War II-era <a href="/wiki/14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Ukrainian)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)">Waffen-SS Galicia Division</a>, participants shouted "one race, one nation, one Fatherland."<a href="#cite_note-goldfarb-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> The party views the dominating role of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_oligarchs" title="Ukrainian oligarchs">Ukraine's oligarchy</a> as "devastating".<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] While oligarchs have typically played a major role in the funding of other Ukrainian parties,<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> Svoboda claims to receive no financial support from oligarchs, but rather from Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium_enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Small and medium enterprises">small and medium-sized businesses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Anti-communism">edit</a>]</div> Svoboda is known for its <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> stance, and several party activists over the years have been accused of trying to destroy <a href="/wiki/List_of_Communist_monuments_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Communist monuments in Ukraine">Communist-era statues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC522010-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-beatup-142">[141]</a> On 16 February 2013, police in Ukraine opened a criminal case on charges of hooliganism against nationalist activists led by Svoboda Supreme Rada deputy Ihor Miroshnychenko for the dismantling of a statue of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Okhtyrka" title="Okhtyrka">Okhtyrka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumy_Oblast" title="Sumy Oblast">Sumy Oblast</a>. Miroshnychenko said: "There is no place for Communist symbols and ideology in European Ukraine and if the authorities cannot get rid of them, we will do it ourselves." According to police, Miroshnychenko climbed the statue and put a rope around Lenin's figure, which was then pulled down by a truck.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_conservatism">Social conservatism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Social conservatism">edit</a>]</div> Svoboda supports conservative values, and opposes abortion and <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-ghosh-145">[144]</a> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> condemned Svoboda for disrupting a gay rights rally, called "a Sabbath of 50 perverts" in an official statement by Svoboda.<a href="#cite_note-hrw-146">[145]</a> Svoboda opposed legislation in 2013 that would have barred employers from discriminating against workers on the basis of their sexual orientation.<a href="#cite_note-afprightsvote-147">[146]</a> Journalist David Stern describes the party as a "driving force" behind anti-gay politics in Ukraine, but states that many of its members may not share all its controversial positions.<a href="#cite_note-stern1313-148">[147]</a> In April 2013, three Svoboda MPs sponsored a bill banning abortions except in cases involving severe pathology, a medical risk to a woman's life, and rape when proven in court.<a href="#cite_note-globalvoicesonline.org-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-globalvoices-150">[149]</a> Future Vice Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Sych" title="Oleksandr Sych">Oleksandr Sych</a>, who has long opposed abortion, was one of the authors of the bill and responded to a question about what a pregnant woman should do if she failed to prove the rape in court by encouraging women to "lead the kind of lifestyle to avoid the risk of rape, including refraining from drinking alcohol and being in controversial company."<a href="#cite_note-globalvoicesonline.org-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-globalvoices-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-salem0314-152">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neo-Nazism_and_political_extremism">Neo-Nazism and political extremism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Neo-Nazism and political extremism">edit</a>]</div> Svoboda has been described as an <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> and sometimes a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> party by some journalists,<a href="#cite_note-goldfarb-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-spie140127-153">[152]</a> organizations that monitor hate speech,<a href="#cite_note-kramernyt-154">[153]</a> Jewish organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Jewish_Committee" title="Ukrainian Jewish Committee">Ukrainian Jewish Committee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost_2014-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-sokol19-156">[155]</a> and political opponents.<a href="#cite_note-moska-51">[51]</a> In 2004, leader of Svoboda, Oleh Tyahnybok said that a "Muscovite-Jewish mafia" controls Ukraine and attacked in 2005 what he said is the "criminal activities of organized Jewry in Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-voa-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a> Svoboda advisor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuriy_Mykhalchyshyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuriy Mykhalchyshyn (page does not exist)">Yuriy Mykhalchyshyn</a> started a blog called "'Joseph Goebbels Political Research Centre" in 2005, later changing "<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>" to "<a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Ernst Jünger</a>."<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> Mykhalchyshyn wrote a book in 2010 citing works by Nazi theorists <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a> and Goebbels.<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibt2012-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> Elsewhere Mykhalchyshyn referred to <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a> as a "period of Light in history".<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Segodnya" title="Segodnya">Segodnya</a>, the party's 2011 congress was addressed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Sereda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Sereda (page does not exist)">Andrey Sereda</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Середа, Андрей Викторович">ru</a>], the leader of the band <a href="/wiki/Komu_Vnyz" title="Komu Vnyz">Komu Vnyz</a>, who describes himself as a "selective anti-Semite"<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> and who allegedly gave a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi-style salute</a> (which a fellow band member described as a <a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">roman salute</a> rather than a Nazi gesture).<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> In 2009, due to Svoboda's efforts, the proposal to build a statue of the Romanian Marshal <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Alexandru Averescu</a> in <a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babele,_Ismail" class="extiw" title="ro:Babele, Ismail">Ozerne</a>, in southern Ukraine (his native village), was rejected.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> In December 2012, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> expressed concern regarding Svoboda's growing support, recalling "that racist, anti-Semitic and xenophobic views go against the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>'s fundamental values and principles," and appealed "to pro-democratic parties in the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> not to associate with, endorse or form coalitions with" Svoboda.<a href="#cite_note-SEPDec12-164">[163]</a> Party leader <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> stated in March 2013 that the EU warning against Svoboda's influence was the result of "<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Moscow</a> agents working through a <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> socialist MP".<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a> Referencing a similar resolution made by the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="NATO Parliamentary Assembly">NATO Parliamentary Assembly</a>, Tyahnybok claimed it to be a result of a mud-slinging campaign by political opponents, stating: "When we did not have a parliamentary faction or normal channels for contacting influential groups in the European Union, a very negative image of Svoboda was created and in an extremely crude fashion." However, after speaking to European MP's he stated they "admitted that they had received completely different information about us."<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a> Tyahnybok furthermore stated that "spin doctors who are working against Svoboda" cover up the non-controversial points in the party's election programme "by promoting some clearly secondary issues through mass media outlets controlled by pro-government forces".<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a> During a Party of Regions rally in Kyiv to counter the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protests, MP <a href="/wiki/Olena_Anatoliivna_Bondarenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Olena Anatoliivna Bondarenko">Olena Bondarenko</a> called Tyahnybok a "traitor" and one "who helps the Kremlin and Moscow." Her words were altered to read on her party's website that he was instead a "Nazi" and that "Nazis are not just disrespected, they are outlawed in Europe and throughout the civilized world".<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> Svoboda members have denied the party is antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-kps2511-167">[166]</a> Party leader Tyahnybok stated in November 2012 "Svoboda is not an anti-Semitic party, Svoboda is not a xenophobic party. Svoboda is not an anti-Russian party. Svoboda is not an anti-European party. Svoboda is simply and only a pro-Ukrainian party".<a href="#cite_note-NYTSVOB8112012-75">[74]</a> In defense of these accusations, Tyahnybok has stated "I have repeatedly said that Svoboda is not an anti-Semitic organization. If you have any comments on our views, go to court. But nobody will, because everyone understands that even biased Ukrainian courts cannot pass any sentence against Svoboda because we do not violate Ukrainian laws."<a href="#cite_note-NYTSVOB8112012-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Tyahnybok says a criminal case was opened against him for promoting racial rights, but he managed to win all the court cases and protect his name.<a href="#cite_note-OTSays-133">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_media">In media</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_100.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_100.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_100.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_100.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_100.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2249" data-file-height="1989" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti-caricature in <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>. The inscription "Three by hundred" means "Three <a href="/wiki/Shot_glass#Sizes" title="Shot glass">shots</a> (100 ml) [of vodka]".</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> in 2014, "anti-Semitism is part of the extremist party's platform," which rejects certain minority and human rights.<a href="#cite_note-spie140127-153">[152]</a> The paper reported that in 2013 a Svoboda youth leader distributed Nazi propaganda written by Joseph Goebbels.<a href="#cite_note-spie140127-153">[152]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Algemeiner_Journal" title="Algemeiner Journal">Algemeiner Journal</a> in 2013, "Svoboda supporters include among their heroes leaders of pro-Nazi World War II organizations known for their <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Ukraine" title="The Holocaust in Ukraine">atrocities against Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Poles</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> (OUN), the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a> (UPA), and the <a href="/wiki/14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Ukrainian)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)">14th Waffen-SS Galicia Division</a>."<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> Prominent Ukrainian journalist and president of <a href="/wiki/TVi_(TV_channel)" title="TVi (TV channel)">TVi Channel</a> <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Portnikov" title="Vitaly Portnikov">Vitaly Portnikov</a> defended Svoboda against criticism, as he noted he is often questioned for supporting party leader Oleh Tyahnybok despite himself being Jewish. Portnikov said, "I [stand with them] with great pleasure, because Oleh wants Ukraine to be part of the European Union" and that "presently Svoboda is acting in a very decent way, and I see no problem there. Right-wing parties function in every European country."<a href="#cite_note-portnikov-17">[17]</a> Ukrainian media associated with the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophile</a> groups contributed to a trend of characterizing Svoboda as a "Nazi menace."<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> Political analyst Olszański argued that voters from southern or eastern Ukraine, especially those who are poor, less educated, or attached to a "Soviet historical narrative," are hostile to <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, easily convinced that Svoboda is the modern analog of the Nazi invaders, and further that the Party of Regions is the only force capable of stopping a '<a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">brown revenge</a>'.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> According to political scientist <a href="/wiki/Taras_Kuzio" title="Taras Kuzio">Taras Kuzio</a>, the label "nationalist" is "disastrous" in Russian-speaking regions of Ukraine and used as an epithet by political opponents.<a href="#cite_note-moska-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statements_by_political_scientists">Statements by political scientists</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Statements by political scientists">edit</a>]</div> Political scientist Tadeusz A. Olszański wrote in 2011 that the social-nationalist ideology which Svoboda formerly adhered to included "openly racist rhetoric" concerning 'white supremacy' following its establishment in 1991, and that comparisons with Nazism have been legitimized by its history.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Fishman" title="David Fishman">David Fishman</a> said in 2015 that there are people in Svoboda who "embrace [Stepan] Bandera’s fascist and anti-Semitic legacy".<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Umland" title="Andreas Umland">Andreas Umland</a>, a political scientist at the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kyiv-Mohyla_Academy" title="National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy">National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Umlandis-62">[62]</a> has asserted in 2010 that "Svoboda was a racist party promoting explicitly ethnocentric and anti-Semitic ideas".<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> He also believes that internally, Svoboda "is much more radical and xenophobic than what we see".<a href="#cite_note-NYTSVOB8112012-75">[74]</a> However, Umland also stated in 2012 that he believes the party will continue to become more moderate over time, stating that "there's a belief that Svoboda will change, once in the Verkhovna Rada, and that they may become proper national democrats".<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olexiy_Haran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olexiy Haran (page does not exist)">Olexiy Haran</a>, a political science professor at the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv-Mohyla_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv-Mohyla Academy">Kyiv-Mohyla Academy</a>, said in 2014 "There is a lot of misunderstanding surrounding Svoboda" and that the party is not fascist, but radical.<a href="#cite_note-kpsvobodabandera-172">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Motyl" title="Alexander J. Motyl">Alexander J. Motyl</a> contended in 2014 that Svoboda is not fascist, neither in behaviour or in ideology, and that "they are far more like the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a> or right-wing <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> than like fascists or neo-Nazis."<a href="#cite_note-mot20ma-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Anton_Shekhovtsov" title="Anton Shekhovtsov">Anton Shekhovtsov</a> in 2014, an expert on radical parties in Europe, "The main peculiarity of the Ukrainian far right is that its main enemy is not immigrants or <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Ukraine" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Ukraine">national minorities</a>, as often happens with the <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>-<a href="/wiki/Category:Far-right_political_parties_by_country" title="Category:Far-right political parties by country">based far right</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Kremlin</a>".<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statements_by_Jewish_organizations">Statements by Jewish organizations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Statements by Jewish organizations">edit</a>]</div> Thirty members of the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> condemned the party in a signed letter addressed to the President of the European Parliament. In the letter the Israeli politicians accused Svoboda of "openly glorifying Nazi murder" and "Nazi war criminals".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In May 2013 the <a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress" title="World Jewish Congress">World Jewish Congress</a> labelled the party as "<a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a>" and called for European governments to ban them.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> has referred to Svoboda as an ultranationalist party with a "history of anti-Semitism and platform of ethnic nationalism".<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> Ukraine's chief rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Bleich" title="Yaakov Bleich">Yaakov Bleich</a> said "Svoboda is an enigma in many ways," calling it "a right-wing, nationalist party with anti-Semitic elements in it."<a href="#cite_note-antisempr-177">[176]</a> Vyacheslav A. Likhachev of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasian_Jewish_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurasian Jewish Congress (page does not exist)">Eurasian Jewish Congress</a>, said that the "party has a very anti-Semitic core in its ideology," and that it leads to "symbolic legitimization of neo-Nazis and anti-Semitic ideology in the eyes of society."<a href="#cite_note-LvivS50-78">[77]</a> Member of parliament from the pro-presidential Party of Regions<a href="#cite_note-antisempr-177">[176]</a> and president of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Committee_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Committee of Ukraine">Jewish Committee of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Feldman" title="Oleksandr Feldman">Oleksandr Feldman</a>, criticized Svoboda as a "party which is notorious for regularly injecting anti-Semitism into their speeches and public pronouncements" and accused the party of "rallying behind this recognition and exploited mistrust of <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Ukraine">Jews</a> to gain popularity among some in the lower class who painfully welcomed the chance to be a part of campaigns of hate".<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyivpost.com-179">[178]</a> Feldman also writes that Svoboda has helped erode the shame associated with open expressions of anti-Semitism and other ethnic hatreds.<a href="#cite_note-JTASAA-180">[179]</a> Feldman has been an advocate for the Party of Regions and president <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>, reportedly also funding the latter's public relations firm.<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost.com-179">[178]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protests, Feldman said the protests had degenerated into "ultra-nationalism and anti-Semitism," and called for opposition leaders Arseniy Yatseniuk and Vitali Klitschko to distance themselves from Svoboda. Four groups, including the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Helsinki_Human_Rights_Union" title="Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union">Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union</a>, said they have seen no upsurge in antisemitic attacks. "We call on Ukrainian citizens and foreign observers to remain calm and critically assess the panic-mongering statements in the media regarding anti-Semitism in the country," the groups said in a statement on the website of the Euro-Asian Jewish Congress.<a href="#cite_note-antisempr-177">[176]</a> In 2012, international human rights organization the <a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center</a> placed Svoboda party leader Oleg Tyahnybok fifth in its list of the top 10 antisemites and haters of Israel, based on his previous comments regarding Jews in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platform">Platform</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Platform">edit</a>]</div> Party leader <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> (in January 2011) has described the <a href="/wiki/First_Azarov_government" title="First Azarov government">Azarov Government</a> and the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> "a <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial administration</a>",<a href="#cite_note-Lonhyn-64">[64]</a> referencing Svoboda's opposition to perceived Russian influences in Ukrainian politics. Before the <a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a>, most of the radical points which were present on the Svoboda's original party platform vanished from the official election program that Svoboda filed with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Election Commission of Ukraine">Central Election Commission of Ukraine</a>. In its place, a tamer, populist program focused on the impeachment of President <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> and the renunciation of the 2010 Kharkiv agreements that let <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> stay in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> through 2042 was used.<a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a> In its campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2008_Kyiv_local_election" title="2008 Kyiv local election">2008 Kyiv local elections</a> the party also used less ethnic nationalist terms and it relied more on a strong anti-establishment, populist and anti-<a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">corruption</a> rhetoric.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyiv_is_angry_013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kyiv_is_angry_013.jpg/220px-Kyiv_is_angry_013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kyiv_is_angry_013.jpg/330px-Kyiv_is_angry_013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kyiv_is_angry_013.jpg/440px-Kyiv_is_angry_013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>Anti-government demonstrations in Kyiv, December 2013</figcaption></figure> Svoboda's platform is called "Our Own Authorities, Our Own Property, Our Own Dignity, on Our Own God-Given Land."<a href="#cite_note-OTSays-133">[132]</a> and includes the following points: <ul><li>Ukraine—a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustration" title="Lustration">Lustration</a> of state authority: publication of lists of all Soviet <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> agents that served or continue to serve in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, dismissal of such people as well as members of the former <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> from state leadership positions, replace them with graduates of the Ukrainian universities</li> <li>Criminal prosecution for "<a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainophobia</a>"<a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a></li> <li>Only those born in Ukraine can become <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian citizenship">Ukrainian citizens</a>, with the exceptions for those who have lived in Ukraine for more than 15 years, know the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian culture">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Ukrainian Constitution</a><a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a></li> <li>Renunciation<a href="#cite_note-183">[nb 2]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian%E2%80%93Russian_Naval_Base_for_Natural_Gas_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty">2010 Kharkiv agreements</a><a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a></li> <li>Impeachment of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a><a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a></li> <li>Ban on abortion, except in cases of medical necessity, or rape;<a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-SabIU8413-184">[182]</a> and imprisonment from three to seven years for those who violate this ban<a href="#cite_note-SabIU8413-184">[182]</a></li> <li>Criminalization of public promotion of abortions or calls for abortions (by introducing a fine for doing so)<a href="#cite_note-SabIU8413-184">[182]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">right to keep and bear arms</a><a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euromaidan_in_Khmelnytskyi_20140124_163608.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Euromaidan_in_Khmelnytskyi_20140124_163608.jpg/220px-Euromaidan_in_Khmelnytskyi_20140124_163608.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Euromaidan_in_Khmelnytskyi_20140124_163608.jpg/330px-Euromaidan_in_Khmelnytskyi_20140124_163608.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Euromaidan_in_Khmelnytskyi_20140124_163608.jpg/440px-Euromaidan_in_Khmelnytskyi_20140124_163608.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Occupied Khmelnytskyi Regional Council, January 2014</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Cancelling taxes on Ukrainian language products—<a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">films</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_literature" title="Ukrainian literature">literature</a>—and instead imposing taxes on non-Ukrainian language products.<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a> The proceeds obtained this way will be channeled into developing Ukrainian language products<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a></li> <li>Nationalization of major enterprises,<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a> greater state control of the banking system and a ban on privatization of land<a href="#cite_note-kpderad-79">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Ukraine">Energy independence for Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a></li> <li>The development of competitive industries, particularly food processing and aircraft engineering, shipbuilding, machine-tool construction, machine manufacturing, the <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">military–industrial complex</a> and the aerospace industry<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a></li> <li>Ban on the import of the food products that are also produced inside Ukraine and import only exotic food that is not domestically grown<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a></li> <li>The restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_passport" title="Soviet passport">Soviet practice</a> of indicating ethnic origin on passports and birth certificates<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a></li> <li>Proportional representation on executive bodies of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Ukrainians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Ukrainians">ethnic Ukrainians</a>, on the one hand, and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ukraine#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Ukraine">national minorities</a>, on the other<a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a></li> <li>Ban on adoptions by non-Ukrainians of Ukrainian children<a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a></li> <li>Preferential treatment for Ukrainian students in the allocation of dormitory places, and a series of similar changes to existing legal provisions<a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordained" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordained">Ordained</a> persons should have no right to be elected to state authorities or local self-government authorities<a href="#cite_note-priets-65">[65]</a></li> <li>Abolition of <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimean autonomy</a><a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li> <li>Abolition of <a href="/wiki/Value_added_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value added tax">value added tax</a><a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li> <li>Farmlands are to be state-owned and given to farmers in <a href="/wiki/Hereditary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary">hereditary</a> use<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li> <li>The state is to implement a firm pro-family policy<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ternopil-Vstavai-UA-13037204.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ternopil-Vstavai-UA-13037204.jpg/220px-Ternopil-Vstavai-UA-13037204.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ternopil-Vstavai-UA-13037204.jpg/330px-Ternopil-Vstavai-UA-13037204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ternopil-Vstavai-UA-13037204.jpg/440px-Ternopil-Vstavai-UA-13037204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Opposition politicians <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a>, 29 March 2013</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Dismissal of employees of state structures who had been active in the Soviet apparatus before 1991<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization" title="Decommunization">Decommunization</a> of public space (monuments, names of streets and places)<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> should apologize "for its <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">communist crimes</a>"<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li> <li>Ukraine is to leave the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> "and other <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet">post-Soviet</a> structures"<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li> <li>An explicit guarantee of accession to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> within a set period of time<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and Ukraine">Ukraine should again</a> re-acquire <a href="/wiki/Tactical_nuclear_weapon" title="Tactical nuclear weapon">tactical nuclear weaponry</a><a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a></li></ul> Svoboda also states in its programme that it is both possible and necessary to make Ukraine the "<a href="/wiki/Geopolitical" class="mw-redirect" title="Geopolitical">geopolitical</a> centre of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Umland-61">[61]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> is not mentioned in the programme.<a href="#cite_note-osw-tadeusz-2">[2]</a> According to Party leader <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> the programme is a worldview based on Christian values and the "rejection of various deviations".<a href="#cite_note-UWVD31313-165">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Deputy_of_Ukraine" title="People's Deputy of Ukraine">Member of parliament</a> Ihor Miroshnychenko asked the head of the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_State_Administration" title="Kyiv City State Administration">Kyiv City State Administration</a> <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Popov" title="Oleksandr Popov">Oleksandr Popov</a> on 7 March 2013 to ban a march that was held the next day because he believed it would "contribute to promoting sexual orientation" and he further stated in his request "<a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> provokes sexually transmitted diseases and <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Ukraine" title="HIV/AIDS in Ukraine">AIDS</a>".<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> The 8 March rally was in fact not an LGBT march but organized by <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Ukraine#History_of_feminism_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's rights in Ukraine">feminist organizations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> In late January 2013, Svoboda urged Ukrainians to boycott revised Ukrainian history textbooks and to give up the teaching of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> in school, calling Ukrainians "to categorically refuse to study in school the language of the occupier – Russian, as a further reliable means of the assimilation of Ukrainians".<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> On 23 February 2014 following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ukrainian revolution">2014 Ukrainian revolution</a>, Svoboda supported legislation abolishing the law on regional languages making Ukrainian the sole state language at all levels.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> This proposal was vetoed by acting President <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lenta223-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-itar301-191">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Party_leaders">Party leaders</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Party leaders">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>Party leader</th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>1995–2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Andrushkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslav Andrushkiv">Yaroslav Andrushkiv</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004–present</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Election results">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verkhovna_Rada">Verkhovna Rada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Verkhovna Rada">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Popular vote </th> <th>% of popular vote </th> <th>Overall seats won </th> <th>Seat change </th> <th rowspan="1">Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election">1994</a> </th> <td>49,483 </td> <td>0.20 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3A75C4; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1998_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election">1998</a> </th> <td>45,155 </td> <td>0.20 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3A75C4; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2002</a> </th> <td colspan="2">did not participate </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3A75C4; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2006</a> </th> <td>91,321 </td> <td>0.36 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3A75C4; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2007</a> </th> <td>178,660 </td> <td>0.76 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3A75C4; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2012</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">2,129,246 </td> <td rowspan="2">10.45 </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;">37 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3A75C4; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 37 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Opposition (2012–2014) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">First Yatsenyuk government</a> (2014) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2014</a> </th> <td>741,517 </td> <td>4.71 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">6 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3A75C4; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 31 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2019</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[a]</a> </th> <td>315,530 </td> <td>2.15 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 450<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E294D; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Opposition </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Presidential elections">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President of Ukraine</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th># of 1st round votes </th> <th>% of 1st round vote </th> <th># of 2nd round votes </th> <th>% of 2nd round vote </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">2010</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> </td> <td>352,282 </td> <td>1.43 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">2014</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> </td> <td>210,476 </td> <td>1.16 #10 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2019 Ukrainian presidential election">2019</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Koshulynskyi" title="Ruslan Koshulynskyi">Ruslan Koshulynskyi</a> </td> <td>307,244 </td> <td>1.62 #9 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Change_in_party_voting">Change in party voting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Change in party voting">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_2006_Eng_version.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2006 parliamentary"><img alt="2006 parliamentary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_2006_Eng_version.png/120px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_2006_Eng_version.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_2006_Eng_version.png/180px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_2006_Eng_version.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_2006_Eng_version.png/240px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_2006_Eng_version.png 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="773" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2006 parliamentary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_2007_Eng_version.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2007 parliamentary"><img alt="2007 parliamentary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_2007_Eng_version.png/120px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_2007_Eng_version.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_2007_Eng_version.png/180px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_2007_Eng_version.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_2007_Eng_version.png/240px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_2007_Eng_version.png 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="773" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2007 parliamentary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_2010_Eng_version.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="2010 (January — presidential) for Tyahnybok"><img alt="2010 (January — presidential) for Tyahnybok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_2010_Eng_version.PNG/120px-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_2010_Eng_version.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_2010_Eng_version.PNG/180px-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_2010_Eng_version.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_2010_Eng_version.PNG/240px-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_2010_Eng_version.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="773" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2010 (January — presidential) for Tyahnybok</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Svoboda_2010_Eng_version.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2010 (October, local election)"><img alt="2010 (October, local election)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Svoboda_2010_Eng_version.png/120px-Svoboda_2010_Eng_version.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Svoboda_2010_Eng_version.png/180px-Svoboda_2010_Eng_version.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Svoboda_2010_Eng_version.png/240px-Svoboda_2010_Eng_version.png 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="773" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2010 (October, local election)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Svoboda-2012.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2012 parliamentary"><img alt="2012 parliamentary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Svoboda-2012.png/120px-Svoboda-2012.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Svoboda-2012.png/180px-Svoboda-2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Svoboda-2012.png/240px-Svoboda-2012.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2012 parliamentary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%A0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014_(%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0).png" class="mw-file-description" title="2014 parliamentary"><img alt="2014 parliamentary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%A0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.png/120px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%A0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.png/180px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%A0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.png/240px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="525" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2014 parliamentary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Svoboda-2019_%25.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2019 parliamentary"><img alt="2019 parliamentary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Svoboda-2019_%25.png/120px-Svoboda-2019_%25.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Svoboda-2019_%25.png/180px-Svoboda-2019_%25.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Svoboda-2019_%25.png/240px-Svoboda-2019_%25.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2019 parliamentary</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_National_Movements" title="Alliance of European National Movements">Alliance of European National Movements</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> An electoral result similar to results of far-right parties in countries neighboring Ukraine in previously held elections since 1990.<a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">[40]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> In June 2013 Ukraine's First Deputy <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Demchenko" title="Ruslan Demchenko">Ruslan Demchenko</a> stated a unilateral denunciation of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian%E2%80%93Russian_Naval_Base_for_Natural_Gas_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty">2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty</a> was not possible from a legal point of view.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> In electoral alliance with <a href="/wiki/National_Corps" title="National Corps">National Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azov_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Battalion">Ukrainian Volunteer Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ua.korrespondent.net-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ua.korrespondent.net_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ua.korrespondent.net_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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OSW Commentary (56): 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313120800/http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lng=en&id=137051">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2014. 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Russian Politics and Law. 51 (5): 33–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2753%2Frup1061-1940510502">10.2753/rup1061-1940510502</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144502924">144502924</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Politics+and+Law&rft.atitle=Ultraright+Party+Politics+in+Post-Soviet+Ukraine+and+the+Puzzle+of+the+Electoral+Marginalism+of+Ukraine+Ultranationalists+in+1994-2009.&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=33-58&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2Frup1061-1940510502&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144502924%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Umland&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Anton+Shekhovstsov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218...was_mainly_an_image_campaign._Tyahnybok’s_speech_following_the_2004_convention_clearly_reaffirmed_Svoboda’s_commitment_to_its_original_racist,_anti-_Semitic,_and_xenophobic_platform_when_he_claimed_that_Ukraine_was_ruled_by_a_Russian-Jewish_mafia-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218...was_mainly_an_image_campaign._Tyahnybok’s_speech_following_the_2004_convention_clearly_reaffirmed_Svoboda’s_commitment_to_its_original_racist,_anti-_Semitic,_and_xenophobic_platform_when_he_claimed_that_Ukraine_was_ruled_by_a_Russian-Jewish_mafia_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolyakova2014">Polyakova 2014</a>, p. 218, ...was mainly an image campaign. Tyahnybok’s speech following the 2004 convention clearly reaffirmed Svoboda’s commitment to its original racist, anti- Semitic, and xenophobic platform when he claimed that Ukraine was ruled by a Russian-Jewish mafia. </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-16"><a href="#cite_ref-brit_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QeKbAAAAQBAJ&q=svoboda+right-wing+ukraine&pg=PA478">Britannica Book of the Year 2010</a>. 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Retrieved 6 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britannica+Book+of+the+Year+2010&rft.pages=478&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781615353668&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQeKbAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsvoboda%2Bright-wing%2Bukraine%26pg%3DPA478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-portnikov-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-portnikov_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-portnikov_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadzina2014" class="citation news cs1">Radzina, Natallia (7 February 2014). "Vitaliy Portnikov: First Belarus, then Russia will follow after Ukraine". Charter '97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Charter+%2797&rft.atitle=Vitaliy+Portnikov%3A+First+Belarus%2C+then+Russia+will+follow+after+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-02-07&rft.aulast=Radzina&rft.aufirst=Natallia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-far-right-18"><a href="#cite_ref-far-right_18-0">^</a> Far right: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/summary.do?id=1239823&t=e&l=en">"Resolution on the situation in Ukraine"</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, 13 December 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=Resolution+on+the+situation+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu%2Foeil%2Fpopups%2Fsummary.do%3Fid%3D1239823%26t%3De%26l%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuzio2010" class="citation cs2">Kuzio, Taras (November–December 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commonweb.unifr.ch/artsdean/pub/gestens/f/as/files/4760/25737_184750.pdf">"Populism in Ukraine in a Comparative European Context"</a> (PDF), Problems of Post-Communism, 57 (6), M.E. Sharpe: 6, 15, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2753%2Fppc1075-8216570601">10.2753/ppc1075-8216570601</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154825950">154825950</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000910/http://commonweb.unifr.ch/artsdean/pub/gestens/f/as/files/4760/25737_184750.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2013, retrieved 16 October 2012, <q>Anti-Semitism only permeates Ukraine's far-right parties, such as Svoboda… Ukraine's economic nationalists are to be found in the extreme right (Svoboda) and centrist parties that propagate economic nationalism and economic protectionism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Problems+of+Post-Communism&rft.atitle=Populism+in+Ukraine+in+a+Comparative+European+Context&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=6%2C+15&rft.date=2010-11%2F2010-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2Fppc1075-8216570601&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154825950%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kuzio&rft.aufirst=Taras&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommonweb.unifr.ch%2Fartsdean%2Fpub%2Fgestens%2Ff%2Fas%2Ffiles%2F4760%2F25737_184750.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2012" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2012), "Anti-Semitism and the Extreme Right in Contemporary Ukraine", Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational, Routledge, p. 200</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mapping+the+Extreme+Right+in+Contemporary+Europe%3A+From+Local+to+Transnational&rft.atitle=Anti-Semitism+and+the+Extreme+Right+in+Contemporary+Ukraine&rft.pages=200&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBojcun2012" class="citation cs2">Bojcun, Marko (2012), "The Socioeconomic and Political Outcomes of Global Financial Crisis in Ukraine", Socioeconomic Outcomes of the Global Financial Crisis: Theoretical Discussion and Empirical Case Studies, Routledge, p. 151</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Socioeconomic+Outcomes+of+the+Global+Financial+Crisis%3A+Theoretical+Discussion+and+Empirical+Case+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Socioeconomic+and+Political+Outcomes+of+Global+Financial+Crisis+in+Ukraine&rft.pages=151&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Bojcun&rft.aufirst=Marko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrey2014" class="citation news cs1">Grey, Stephen (18 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140319042704/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-ukraine-crisis-farright-insight-20140318,0,2590463.story">"In Ukraine, nationalists gain influence – and scrutiny"</a>. 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BBC. 25 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831111157/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20824693">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Svoboda%3A+The+rise+of+Ukraine%27s+ultra-nationalists&rft.date=2012-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-20824693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvaldi2012" class="citation book cs1">Ivaldi, Gilles (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RBnmachN8vkC&pg=PA20">"The Populist Radical Right in European Elections 1979-2009"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Populist+Radical+Right+in+European+Elections+1979-2009&rft.btitle=The+Extreme+Right+in+Europe&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-525-36922-7&rft.aulast=Ivaldi&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRBnmachN8vkC%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWodakKhosraviNikMral2013" class="citation book cs1">Wodak, Ruth; KhosraviNik, Majid; Mral, Brigitte (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wrw8gC8vCnUC&q=Svoboda+are+also+Russophobic+and+antisemitic&pg=PA249">Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse</a>. A&C Black. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780933436" title="Special:BookSources/9781780933436"><bdi>9781780933436</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624212021/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wrw8gC8vCnUC&q=Svoboda+are+also+Russophobic+and+antisemitic&pg=PA249">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021. <q>KUN and Svoboda are also Russophobic and antisemitic</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right-Wing+Populism+in+Europe%3A+Politics+and+Discourse&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781780933436&rft.aulast=Wodak&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=KhosraviNik%2C+Majid&rft.au=Mral%2C+Brigitte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWrw8gC8vCnUC%26q%3DSvoboda%2Bare%2Balso%2BRussophobic%2Band%2Bantisemitic%26pg%3DPA249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svoboda.org.ua/party/program/ii/">"ІІ. Економічний націоналізм: заможна нація, соціальна справедливість та деолігархізація"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116153405/https://svoboda.org.ua/party/program/ii/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%86%D0%86.+%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC%3A+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%2C+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvoboda.org.ua%2Fparty%2Fprogram%2Fii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sternatlantic-24"><a href="#cite_ref-sternatlantic_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2013" class="citation news cs1">Stern, David (13 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/12/what-europe-means-to-ukraines-protesters/282327/">"What Europe Means to Ukraine's Protesters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318172836/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/12/what-europe-means-to-ukraines-protesters/282327/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=What+Europe+Means+to+Ukraine%27s+Protesters&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2013%2F12%2Fwhat-europe-means-to-ukraines-protesters%2F282327%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpyer2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Spyer" title="Jonathan Spyer">Spyer, Jonathan</a> (9 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/Jewish-World/Kiev-showdown-337679">"Kiev Showdown"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301024415/http://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/Jewish-World/Kiev-showdown-337679">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014. <q>The far-right, anti-Semitic Svoboda party of Oleh Tyahnybok is also in evidence in the square. The third organized element is the Batkivschnya (Fatherland) party, which is close to Timoshenko.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Kiev+Showdown&rft.date=2014-01-09&rft.aulast=Spyer&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FJerusalem-Report%2FJewish-World%2FKiev-showdown-337679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reutersFarright-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reutersFarright_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reutersFarright_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reutersFarright_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reutersFarright_26-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZawadzkiHosenballGrey2014" class="citation news cs1">Zawadzki, Sabina; Hosenball, Mark; Grey, Stephen (18 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-farright-insight-idUSBREA2H0K620140318">"In Ukraine, nationalists gain influence - and scrutiny"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160224041356/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-farright-insight-idUSBREA2H0K620140318">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2023. <q>Per Anders Rudling, an associate professor at <a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a> in Sweden and researcher on Ukrainian extremists, has described Svoboda as "neo-fascist". He told Britain's <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a>: "Two weeks ago I could never have predicted this. A neo-fascist party like Svoboda getting the deputy prime minister position is news in its own right." But Ivan Katchanovski, a political scientist at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a> who has studied the far-right in Ukraine, disagreed that Svoboda was so extreme. "Svoboda is currently best described as a radical nationalist party, and not as fascist or neo-Nazi," he said. "It is now not overtly anti-Semitic."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+Ukraine%2C+nationalists+gain+influence+-+and+scrutiny&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft.aulast=Zawadzki&rft.aufirst=Sabina&rft.au=Hosenball%2C+Mark&rft.au=Grey%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-farright-insight-idUSBREA2H0K620140318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Fascist: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLikhachev2013" class="citation journal cs1">Likhachev, Viacheslav (September–October 2013). "Right-Wing Extremism on the Rise in Ukraine". Russian Politics and Law. 51 (5): 59–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2753%2FRUP1061-1940510503">10.2753/RUP1061-1940510503</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144614340">144614340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Politics+and+Law&rft.atitle=Right-Wing+Extremism+on+the+Rise+in+Ukraine&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=59-74&rft.date=2013-09%2F2013-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2FRUP1061-1940510503&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144614340%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Likhachev&rft.aufirst=Viacheslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyal2012" class="citation news cs1">Syal, Rajeev (1 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/01/euro-2012-ukraine-football-racism-sol-campbell">"Guardian Weekly: Shadow of racism over Euro 2012 finals: Black football fans face uncertain welcome in Ukrainian host city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_Weekly" title="The Guardian Weekly">The Guardian Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304205322/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/01/euro-2012-ukraine-football-racism-sol-campbell">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+Weekly&rft.atitle=Guardian+Weekly%3A+Shadow+of+racism+over+Euro+2012+finals%3A+Black+football+fans+face+uncertain+welcome+in+Ukrainian+host+city&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.aulast=Syal&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fjun%2F01%2Feuro-2012-ukraine-football-racism-sol-campbell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/122966.html">"Head of Israel-Ukraine association surprised at agreement signed by Ukrainian opposition and Svoboda"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 23 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308081635/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/122966.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=Head+of+Israel-Ukraine+association+surprised+at+agreement+signed+by+Ukrainian+opposition+and+Svoboda&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F122966.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinthal2012" class="citation news cs1">Weinthal, Benjamin (28 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/Wiesenthal-ranks-top-10-anti-Semites-Israel-haters">"Wiesenthal ranks top 10 anti-Semites, Israel-bashers. Muslim Brotherhood's rise in Egypt catapults two religious figures into No. 1 spot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214070715/http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/Wiesenthal-ranks-top-10-anti-Semites-Israel-haters">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Wiesenthal+ranks+top+10+anti-Semites%2C+Israel-bashers.+Muslim+Brotherhood%27s+rise+in+Egypt+catapults+two+religious+figures+into+No.+1+spot&rft.date=2012-12-28&rft.aulast=Weinthal&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FJewish-World%2FJewish-Features%2FWiesenthal-ranks-top-10-anti-Semites-Israel-haters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-shekheuroz-28"><a href="#cite_ref-shekheuroz_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhovtsov2014" class="citation news cs1">Shekhovtsov, Anton (5 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716215819/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2014-03-05-shekhovtsov-en.html">"From electoral success to revolutionary failure: The Ukrainian Svoboda party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurozine" title="Eurozine">Eurozine</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2014-03-05-shekhovtsov-en.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurozine&rft.atitle=From+electoral+success+to+revolutionary+failure%3A+The+Ukrainian+Svoboda+party&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.aulast=Shekhovtsov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurozine.com%2Farticles%2F2014-03-05-shekhovtsov-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Register-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Register_29-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/104178/Luhansk">Oblast Council demands Svoboda Party be banned in Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (12 May 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-DATA-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DATA_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DATA_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DATA_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DATA_30-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DATA_30-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DATA_30-5">f</a> (in Ukrainian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sd.net.ua/2009/08/30/vseukranske_obdnannja_svoboda.html">Всеукраїнське об'єднання «Свобода»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605105100/http://sd.net.ua/2009/08/30/vseukranske_obdnannja_svoboda.html">Archived</a> 5 June 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Database ASD <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219063558/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/webproc12v?kodvib=1&pf7171=27">"Central Election Commission of Ukraine"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/webproc12v?kodvib=1&pf7171=27">the original</a> on 19 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Election+Commission+of+Ukraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvk.gov.ua%2Fpls%2Fvd2002%2Fwebproc12v%3Fkodvib%3D1%26pf7171%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/WEBPROC8V?kodvib=1&kodpart=27">Candidates list for Less words</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213001856/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/WEBPROC8V?kodvib=1&kodpart=27">Archived</a> 13 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Election Commission of Ukraine">Central Election Commission of Ukraine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrušenko2009" class="citation journal cs1">Andrušenko, Peter (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119151523/http://ukrzurnal.eu/ukr.archive.html/340/">"Шлях Тягнибока до Свободи"</a>. Ukrayinskyi Zhurnal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrzurnal.eu/ukr.archive.html/340/">the original</a> on 19 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinskyi+Zhurnal&rft.atitle=%D0%A8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85+%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8&rft.date=2009-05&rft.aulast=Andru%C5%A1enko&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukrzurnal.eu%2Fukr.archive.html%2F340%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-snpu_freedom-32"><a href="#cite_ref-snpu_freedom_32-0">^</a> Andrusechko, P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119151523/http://ukrzurnal.eu/ukr.archive.html/340/">Way of Tyahnybok to Freedom</a>. Poznan: "Ukrayinskyi zhurnal", May 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-svoabout-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-svoabout_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-svoabout_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-svoabout_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-svoabout_33-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521232624/http://en.svoboda.org.ua/about/">"About party"</a>. Svoboda. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.svoboda.org.ua/about/">the original</a> on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+party&rft.pub=Svoboda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.svoboda.org.ua%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/polit/election/1998.html">Elections of folk deputies of Ukraine on March 29, 1998 the Election programmes of political parties and electoral blocs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304065306/http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/polit/election/1998.html">Archived</a> 4 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernadsky_National_Library_of_Ukraine" title="Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine">Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine</a> (1998) </li> <li id="cite_note-UkrinformTyahnybok-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UkrinformTyahnybok_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UkrinformTyahnybok_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UkrinformTyahnybok_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UkrinformTyahnybok_35-3">d</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photo.ukrinform.ua/ukr/rubrics/photo.php?id=297562">Олег Тягнибок</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508105854/http://photo.ukrinform.ua/ukr/rubrics/photo.php?id=297562">Archived</a> 8 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006205759/http://www.una-unso.info/articlePrint/id-2/subid-9/artid-1051/lang-ukr/index.html">"Неонацизм і ВО "Свобода""</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.una-unso.info/articlePrint/id-2/subid-9/artid-1051/lang-ukr/index.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D1%96+%D0%92%D0%9E+%22%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.una-unso.info%2FarticlePrint%2Fid-2%2Fsubid-9%2Fartid-1051%2Flang-ukr%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2012" class="citation news cs1">Stern, David (26 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20824693">"BBC News – Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321232118/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20824693">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+Svoboda%3A+The+rise+of+Ukraine%27s+ultra-nationalists&rft.date=2012-12-26&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-20824693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319141124/http://www.ucsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Roots-of-Svoboda_2.pdf">"Jewish World"</a> (PDF). The Jerusalem Project. 12 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Roots-of-Svoboda_2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Project&rft.atitle=Jewish+World&rft.date=2012-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucsj.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F12%2FRoots-of-Svoboda_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhovtsov2012" class="citation news cs1">Shekhovtsov, Anton (24 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060431/https://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/anton-shekhovtsov/security-threats-and-ukrainian-far-right">"Security threats and the Ukrainian far right"</a>. Open Democracy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/anton-shekhovtsov/security-threats-and-ukrainian-far-right">the original</a> on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Democracy&rft.atitle=Security+threats+and+the+Ukrainian+far+right&rft.date=2012-07-24&rft.aulast=Shekhovtsov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fopensecurity%2Fanton-shekhovtsov%2Fsecurity-threats-and-ukrainian-far-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhovtsov2013" class="citation book cs1">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUhMAQAAQBAJ&q=svoboda+ukraine+patriot&pg=PA256">Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse</a>. A&C Black. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780932453" title="Special:BookSources/9781780932453"><bdi>9781780932453</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422000456/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUhMAQAAQBAJ&q=svoboda+ukraine+patriot&pg=PA256">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right-Wing+Populism+in+Europe%3A+Politics+and+Discourse&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781780932453&rft.aulast=Shekhovtsov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUhMAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsvoboda%2Bukraine%2Bpatriot%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginsKramer2014" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Andrew; Kramer, Andrew E. (20 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/21/world/europe/protesters-join-fight-in-kiev-100-at-a-time.html">"Converts Join With Militants in Kiev Clash"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170817121435/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/21/world/europe/protesters-join-fight-in-kiev-100-at-a-time.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Converts+Join+With+Militants+in+Kiev+Clash&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Kramer%2C+Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F02%2F21%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fprotesters-join-fight-in-kiev-100-at-a-time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shekhovtsov-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_40-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhovtsov2011" class="citation journal cs1">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2011). "The Creeping Resurgence of the Ukrainian Radical Right? The Case of the Freedom Party". Europe-Asia Studies. 63 (2): 203–228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668136.2011.547696">10.1080/09668136.2011.547696</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155079439">155079439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Creeping+Resurgence+of+the+Ukrainian+Radical+Right%3F+The+Case+of+the+Freedom+Party&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=203-228&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2011.547696&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155079439%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shekhovtsov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> (source also available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1209355/The_Creeping_Resurgence_of_the_Ukrainian_Radical_Right_The_Case_of_the_Freedom_Party">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110070928/http://www.academia.edu/1209355/The_Creeping_Resurgence_of_the_Ukrainian_Radical_Right_The_Case_of_the_Freedom_Party">Archived</a> 10 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-umland2013rpl-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-umland2013rpl_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-umland2013rpl_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmlandAnton_Shekhovstsov2013" class="citation journal cs1">Umland, Andreas; Anton Shekhovstsov (2013). "Ultraright Party Politics in Post-Soviet Ukraine and the Puzzle of the Electoral Marginalism of Ukraine Ultranationalists in 1994–2009". Russian Politics and Law. 51 (5): 33–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2753%2Frup1061-1940510502">10.2753/rup1061-1940510502</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144502924">144502924</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Politics+and+Law&rft.atitle=Ultraright+Party+Politics+in+Post-Soviet+Ukraine+and+the+Puzzle+of+the+Electoral+Marginalism+of+Ukraine+Ultranationalists+in+1994%E2%80%932009.&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=33-58&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2Frup1061-1940510502&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144502924%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Umland&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Anton+Shekhovstsov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rudling13wr-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rudling13wr_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rudling13wr_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rudling13wr_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rudling13wr_42-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2013). Ruth Wodak and John E. Richardson (ed.). The Return of the Ukrainian Far Right: The Case of VO Svoboda. New York: Routledge. pp. 229–247.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Return+of+the+Ukrainian+Far+Right%3A+The+Case+of+VO+Svoboda.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=229-247&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lng=en&id=137051">"Svoboda Party – The New Phenomenon on the Ukrainian Right-Wing Scene"</a>. isn.ethz.ch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313120800/http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lng=en&id=137051">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isn.ethz.ch&rft.atitle=Svoboda+Party+%E2%80%93+The+New+Phenomenon+on+the+Ukrainian+Right-Wing+Scene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isn.ethz.ch%2FDigital-Library%2FPublications%2FDetail%2F%3Flng%3Den%26id%3D137051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Anton Shekhovtsov, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3292417/From_Para-Militarism_to_Radical_Right-Wing_Populism_The_Rise_of_the_Ukrainian_Far-Right_Party_Svoboda">“From Para-Militarism to Radical Right-Wing Populism: The Rise of the Ukrainian Far-Right Party Svoboda,”</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140604044748/http://www.academia.edu/3292417/From_Para-Militarism_to_Radical_Right-Wing_Populism_The_Rise_of_the_Ukrainian_Far-Right_Party_Svoboda">Archived</a> 4 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Media of Right-Wing Populism in Europe, eds. Wodak, Mral, and KhosraviNik (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013), 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-OSW-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSW_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSW_45-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401070710/http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2011-07-05/svoboda-party-new-phenomenon-ukrainian-rightwing-scene">Svoboda party – the new phenomenon on the Ukrainian right-wing scene</a>, OSW Commentary, 5 July 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218The_2004_'rebranding,'_as_described_by_party_members_and_leaders_in_interviews,_was_mainly_an_image_campaign-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218The_2004_'rebranding,'_as_described_by_party_members_and_leaders_in_interviews,_was_mainly_an_image_campaign_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolyakova2014">Polyakova 2014</a>, p. 218, The 2004 'rebranding,' as described by party members and leaders in interviews, was mainly an image campaign. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolyakova2014218_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolyakova2014">Polyakova 2014</a>, p. 218. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.una-unso.info/articlePrint/id-2/subid-9/artid-1051/lang-ukr/index.html">Заява Організації „Патріот України” про розрив стосунків з ВО „Свобода”</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006205759/http://www.una-unso.info/articlePrint/id-2/subid-9/artid-1051/lang-ukr/index.html">Archived</a> 6 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, una-unso.inf, 18 December 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC261212-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_49-11">l</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20824693">Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321232118/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20824693">Archived</a> 21 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (26 December 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Edyta_M._Bojanowska" class="mw-redirect" title="Edyta M. Bojanowska">Edyta M. Bojanowska</a> (2007) "Nikolai Gogol: Between Ukrainian And Russian Nationalism" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-02291-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-02291-2">0-674-02291-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Cefw929Bw8C&dq=moskal+%22ethnic+slur%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA55">p. 55</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404010357/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Cefw929Bw8C&dq=moskal+%22ethnic+slur%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA55">Archived</a> 4 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "In the 'low', folksy world of the provincial narrators, a Russian is a moskal ("Muscovite")", a foreigner and an intruder, at best a carpetbagger, at worst a thief in league with the devil." </li> <li id="cite_note-moska-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moska_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moska_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moska_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moska_51-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Bswords%5D=8fd5893941d69d0be3f378576261ae3e&tx_ttnews%5Bany_of_the_words%5D=Tyahnybok&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=26703&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=0a5d124110">Yushchenko Finally Gets Tough On Nationalists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313223055/http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Bswords%5D=8fd5893941d69d0be3f378576261ae3e&tx_ttnews%5Bany_of_the_words%5D=Tyahnybok&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=26703&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=0a5d124110">Archived</a> 13 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jamestown_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jamestown Foundation">The Jamestown Foundation</a> (3 August 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmemann1992" class="citation news cs1">Schmemann, Serge (6 November 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/06/world/birth-pangs-nation-special-report-ukraine-facing-high-costs-democracy.html?src=pm&pagewanted=2">"Birth Pangs Of a Nation – A special report.; Ukraine Facing the High Costs of Democracy"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055955/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/06/world/birth-pangs-nation-special-report-ukraine-facing-high-costs-democracy.html?src=pm&pagewanted=2">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Birth+Pangs+Of+a+Nation+%E2%80%93+A+special+report.%3B+Ukraine+Facing+the+High+Costs+of+Democracy&rft.date=1992-11-06&rft.aulast=Schmemann&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F11%2F06%2Fworld%2Fbirth-pangs-nation-special-report-ukraine-facing-high-costs-democracy.html%3Fsrc%3Dpm%26pagewanted%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesofisrael-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timesofisrael_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesofisrael_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesofisrael_52-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesofisrael_52-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesofisrael_52-4">e</a> Winer, Stuart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-okays-slur-zhyd-for-jews/">Ukraine okays ‘zhyd’ slur for Jews</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521050514/http://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-okays-slur-zhyd-for-jews/">Archived</a> 21 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Times of Israel, 19 December 2012.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/svoboda-rising-spectre-neo-nazism-ukraine-974110">International Business Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121231081231/http://www.ibtimes.com/svoboda-rising-spectre-neo-nazism-ukraine-974110">Archived</a> 31 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Svoboda: The Rising Spectre Of Neo-Nazism In The Ukraine, 27 December 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-harvestod-53"><a href="#cite_ref-harvestod_53-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nd9WzIkTJrAC&dq=Jews+in+Ukraine+spoke+Russian&pg=PA60">Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403235403/https://books.google.com/books?id=nd9WzIkTJrAC&dq=Jews+in+Ukraine+spoke+Russian&pg=PA60">Archived</a> 3 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Karel_C._Berkhoff" title="Karel C. Berkhoff">Karel C. Berkhoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belknap_Press_of_Harvard_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Belknap Press of Harvard University Press">Belknap Press of Harvard University Press</a>, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674027183" title="Special:BookSources/0674027183">0674027183</a> (page 60) </li> <li id="cite_note-Umland_2020-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_2020_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_2020_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmland2020" class="citation journal cs1">Umland, Andreas (2020). "Ukraine's Far Right Today Continuing Electoral Impotence and Growing Uncivil Society". UI Brief. 2020 (3). Swedish Institute for International Affairs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UI+Brief&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Far+Right+Today+Continuing+Electoral+Impotence+and+Growing+Uncivil+Society&rft.volume=2020&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Umland&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=324402">ЦВК оприлюднила офіційні результати 1-го туру виборів</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021195659/http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=324402">Archived</a> 21 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gazeta.ua (25 January 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravda.com.ua/articles/4b537cbbca600/">Election results and map by region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026181113/http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/4b537cbbca600/">Archived</a> 26 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (4 February 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/jacyk/ElectionWatch/Blog/Entries/2010/1/29_Tymoshenkos_Looming_Defeat__How_Did_She_Make_It_Inevitable-_Serhiy_Kudelia.html">Tymoshenko’s Looming Defeat: How Did She Make It Inevitable?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111222814/http://www.utoronto.ca/jacyk/ElectionWatch/Blog/Entries/2010/1/29_Tymoshenkos_Looming_Defeat__How_Did_She_Make_It_Inevitable-_Serhiy_Kudelia.html">Archived</a> 11 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serhiy_Kudelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serhiy Kudelia (page does not exist)">Serhiy Kudelia</a> (29 January 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-SvobodawonthankstoYanu-58"><a href="#cite_ref-SvobodawonthankstoYanu_58-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2010-11-04/local-government-elections-ukraine-last-stage-party-regions-takeover-">Local government elections in Ukraine: last stage in the Party of Regions’ takeover of power</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813031529/http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2010-11-04/local-government-elections-ukraine-last-stage-party-regions-takeover-">Archived</a> 13 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Eastern_Studies" title="Centre for Eastern Studies">Centre for Eastern Studies</a> (4 October 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-TernopileleSvo-59"><a href="#cite_ref-TernopileleSvo_59-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umoloda.kyiv.ua/number/1369/180/48272/">Генеральна репетиція президентських виборів: на Тернопільщині стався прогнозований тріумф націоналістів і крах Тимошенко</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519191249/https://umoloda.kyiv.ua/number/1369/180/48272/">Archived</a> 19 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayina_Moloda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayina Moloda">Ukrayina Moloda</a> (17 March 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-Svovic2010-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Svovic2010_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Svovic2010_60-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/89664/">Nationalist Svoboda scores election victories in western Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101114061336/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/89664/">Archived</a> 14 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (11 November 2010) (in Ukrainian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/ukrainian/news/2010/11/101104_svoboda_analysis_it.shtml">Підсилення "Свободи" загрозою несвободи</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101106125614/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ukrainian/news/2010/11/101104_svoboda_analysis_it.shtml">Archived</a> 6 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Ukrainian">BBC Ukrainian</a> (4 November 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-Umland-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umland_61-9">j</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle">Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083516/http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle">Archived</a> 14 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenDemocracy.net" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDemocracy.net">openDemocracy.net</a> (3 January 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-Umlandis-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Umlandis_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umlandis_62-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/business/bus_move/detail/84549/">On the move: Andreas Umland, Kyiv – Mohyla Academy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110126042615/https://www.kyivpost.com/news/business/bus_move/detail/84549/">Archived</a> 26 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (30 September 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eui.eu/Projects/EUDO-OPPR/Research.aspx">Research</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120116021632/http://www.eui.eu/Projects/EUDO-OPPR/Research.aspx">Archived</a> 16 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Democracy_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Democracy Observatory">European Union Democracy Observatory</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cipe.org/essay/Ukraine%20-%20Comprehensive%20partnership%20for%20a%20real%20democracy.pdf">Ukraine: Comprehensive Partnership for a Real Democracy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604054002/http://www.cipe.org/essay/Ukraine%20-%20Comprehensive%20partnership%20for%20a%20real%20democracy.pdf">Archived</a> 4 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Center_for_International_Private_Enterprise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Center for International Private Enterprise (page does not exist)">Center for International Private Enterprise</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Центр міжнародного приватного підприємництва">uk</a>], 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/112656/Poll:">Ukrainians unhappy with domestic economic situation, their own lives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (12 September 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-Lonhyn-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lonhyn_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lonhyn_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lonhyn_64-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bunews.com.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=526:ukrainian-nationalist-leader-thriving-in-hard-times-&catid=6:politics&Itemid=2">Ukrainian nationalist leader thriving in hard times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411215503/http://bunews.com.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=526:ukrainian-nationalist-leader-thriving-in-hard-times-&catid=6:politics&Itemid=2">Archived</a> 11 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Business Ukraine (20 January 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-priets-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-priets_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-priets_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-priets_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-priets_65-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/community/religion_and_policy/38465/Tiahnybok:">Tiahnybok: Priests on Lists of Svoboda Party Are to Counterbalance 'Moscow Priests' on Lists of Opponents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219184353/http://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/community/religion_and_policy/38465/Tiahnybok:">Archived</a> 19 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_Information_Service_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Information Service of Ukraine">Religious Information Service of Ukraine</a> (19 October 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-danilova22-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-danilova22_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-danilova22_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhuk2012" class="citation news cs1">Zhuk, Alyona (21 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/racist-comments-about-gaitana-stir-controversy-ang-122884.html">"Racist comments about Gaitana stir controversy, anger"</a>. Kyiv Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222030533/https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/racist-comments-about-gaitana-stir-controversy-ang-122884.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Racist+comments+about+Gaitana+stir+controversy%2C+anger&rft.date=2012-02-21&rft.aulast=Zhuk&rft.aufirst=Alyona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2Fracist-comments-about-gaitana-stir-controversy-ang-122884.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibtimes.com-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ibtimes.com_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibtimes.com_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/euromaidan-dark-shadows-far-right-ukraine-protests-1556654">"Euromaidan: The Dark Shadows Of The Far-Right In Ukraine Protests"</a>. International Business Times. 19 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221051722/http://www.ibtimes.com/euromaidan-dark-shadows-far-right-ukraine-protests-1556654">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Euromaidan%3A+The+Dark+Shadows+Of+The+Far-Right+In+Ukraine+Protests&rft.date=2014-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Feuromaidan-dark-shadows-far-right-ukraine-protests-1556654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarasiukUmland" class="citation web cs1">Tarasiuk, Taras; Umland, Andreas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.illiberalism.org/unexpected-friendships-cooperation-of-ukrainian-ultra-nationalists-with-russian-and-pro-kremlin-actors/">"Unexpected Friendships: Cooperation of Ukrainian Ultra-Nationalists with Russian and Pro-Kremlin Actors | illiberalism.org"</a>. www.illiberalism.org/. Retrieved 27 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.illiberalism.org%2F&rft.atitle=Unexpected+Friendships%3A+Cooperation+of+Ukrainian+Ultra-Nationalists+with+Russian+and+Pro-Kremlin+Actors+%7C+illiberalism.org&rft.aulast=Tarasiuk&rft.aufirst=Taras&rft.au=Umland%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.illiberalism.org%2Funexpected-friendships-cooperation-of-ukrainian-ultra-nationalists-with-russian-and-pro-kremlin-actors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuzio2015" class="citation book cs1">Kuzio, Taras (23 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1t3EEAAAQBAJ&dq=The+Yanukovych+administration+strategy+of+providing+Svoboda&pg=PA183">Ukraine: Democratization, Corruption, and the New Russian Imperialism</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3503-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3503-2"><bdi>978-1-4408-3503-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+Democratization%2C+Corruption%2C+and+the+New+Russian+Imperialism&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-3503-2&rft.aulast=Kuzio&rft.aufirst=Taras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1t3EEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DThe%2BYanukovych%2Badministration%2Bstrategy%2Bof%2Bproviding%2BSvoboda%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> (in Ukrainian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2011/06/14/6296378/">Кого насправді "розкручує" влада? Факти проти міфів</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818060031/http://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2011/06/14/6296378/">Archived</a> 18 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (14 June 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12171740">Ukraine viewpoint: Novelist Andrey Kurkov</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011223832/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12171740">Archived</a> 11 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (13 January 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apk.rbc.ua/ukr/vyboru2012/party/p06/okrug">Candidates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201213317/http://apk.rbc.ua/ukr/vyboru2012/party/p06/okrug">Archived</a> 1 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/RBC_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="RBC Ukraine">RBC Ukraine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/29/world/europe/governing-party-claims-victory-in-ukraine-elections.html?_r=0">Governing Party Claims Victory in Ukraine Elections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301083410/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/29/world/europe/governing-party-claims-victory-in-ukraine-elections.html">Archived</a> 1 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (28 October 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/batkivschyna-united-opposition-svoboda-agree-on-distribution-of-single-seat-constituencies-among-their-candidates-310535.html">Batkivschyna United Opposition, Svoboda agree on single-seat constituencies among their candidates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502230158/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/batkivschyna-united-opposition-svoboda-agree-on-distribution-of-single-seat-constituencies-among-their-candidates-310535.html">Archived</a> 2 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (26 July 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-newUKRelectionlawof171111-73"><a href="#cite_ref-newUKRelectionlawof171111_73-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/117151/">Parliament passes law on parliamentary elections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203212810/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/117151/">Archived</a> 3 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (17 November 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://razumkov.org.ua/eng/poll.php?poll_id=115">If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday how would you vote? (recurrent, 2008–2010)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042611/http://razumkov.org.ua/eng/poll.php?poll_id=115">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Razumkov_Centre" title="Razumkov Centre">Razumkov Centre</a> (in Ukrainian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://razumkov.org.ua/ukr/news.php?news_id=366">Динаміка виборчих орієнтацій громадян України</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707041409/http://www.razumkov.org.ua/ukr/news.php?news_id=366">Archived</a> 7 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Razumkov_Centre" title="Razumkov Centre">Razumkov Centre</a> (10 February 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/products/politic/data/entry/13967/">Electoral moods of the Ukrainian population: September 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402165931/http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/products/politic/data/entry/13967/">Archived</a> 2 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociological_group_%22RATING%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociological group "RATING"">Sociological group "RATING"</a> (30 September 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/cardiogram/parties/">Ratings of parties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171231/http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/cardiogram/parties/">Archived</a> 10 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociological_group_%22RATING%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociological group "RATING"">Sociological group "RATING"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/products/politic/data/entry/13990/">Electoral moods of the Ukrainian population: February 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225011/http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/products/politic/data/entry/13990/">Archived</a> 29 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociological_group_%22RATING%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociological group "RATING"">Sociological group "RATING"</a> (5 March 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTSVOB8112012-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTSVOB8112012_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTSVOB8112012_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTSVOB8112012_75-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTSVOB8112012_75-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/world/europe/ukraines-ultranationalists-do-well-in-elections.html?pagewanted=all">"Ukraine's Ultranationalists Show Surprising Strength at Polls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nytimes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Nytimes.com">Nytimes.com</a>. 8 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121109100739/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/world/europe/ukraines-ultranationalists-do-well-in-elections.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nytimes.com&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Ultranationalists+Show+Surprising+Strength+at+Polls&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F11%2F09%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraines-ultranationalists-do-well-in-elections.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> (in Ukrainian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vnd2012/wp300pt001f01=900.html">Proportional votes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030190210/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vnd2012/wp300pt001f01=900.html">Archived</a> 30 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Electoral_Commission_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine">Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-116fpsSvobwin-77"><a href="#cite_ref-116fpsSvobwin_77-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/514221/">After counting all ballots at 116 foreign polling stations "Svoboda" wins in parliamentary elections in Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121202094554/http://nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/514221/">Archived</a> 2 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Radio_Company_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Radio Company of Ukraine">National Radio Company of Ukraine</a> (29 October 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itar-tass.com/en/c154/557300.html">No violations reported at Ukraine’s overseas polling stations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022150628/http://www.itar-tass.com/en/c154/557300.html">Archived</a> 22 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITAR-TASS" class="mw-redirect" title="ITAR-TASS">ITAR-TASS</a> (28 October 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-LvivS50-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LvivS50_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LvivS50_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/Experts-weigh-in-on-rise-of-Ukrainian-Svoboda-party">"Experts weigh in on rise of Ukrainian Svoboda party"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130427140748/http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/Experts-weigh-in-on-rise-of-Ukrainian-Svoboda-party">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+Jpost.com&rft.atitle=Experts+weigh+in+on+rise+of+Ukrainian+Svoboda+party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FJewish-World%2FJewish-News%2FExperts-weigh-in-on-rise-of-Ukrainian-Svoboda-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kpderad-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpderad_79-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorchinskaya" class="citation news cs1">Gorchinskaya, Katya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/svoboda-tames-radicals-to-get-into-parliament-316584.html">"Svoboda tames radicals to get into parliament"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210214632/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/svoboda-tames-radicals-to-get-into-parliament-316584.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Svoboda+tames+radicals+to+get+into+parliament&rft.aulast=Gorchinskaya&rft.aufirst=Katya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2Fsvoboda-tames-radicals-to-get-into-parliament-316584.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/rada-fails-to-support-bill-on-denunciation-of-kharkiv-accords-on-black-sea-fleet-basing-in-ukraine/">Rada fails to support bill on denunciation of Kharkiv accords on Black Sea Fleet basing in Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130624185035/http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/rada-fails-to-support-bill-on-denunciation-of-kharkiv-accords-on-black-sea-fleet-basing-in-ukraine/">Archived</a> 24 June 2013 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (19 June 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/five-factions-including-communist-party-registered-in-parliament-317535.html">Five factions, including Communist Party, registered in parliament</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120015412/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/five-factions-including-communist-party-registered-in-parliament-317535.html">Archived</a> 20 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (12 December 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/united-opposition-svoboda-sign-coalition-agreement-klitschko-absent-at-ceremony-314661.html">United opposition, Svoboda sign coalition agreement, Klitschko absent at ceremony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502194047/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/united-opposition-svoboda-sign-coalition-agreement-klitschko-absent-at-ceremony-314661.html">Archived</a> 2 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (19 October 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/batkivschyna-plans-to-cooperate-with-svoboda-in-parliament-317595.html">Batkivschyna plans to cooperate with Svoboda in parliament</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502192853/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/batkivschyna-plans-to-cooperate-with-svoboda-in-parliament-317595.html">Archived</a> 2 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (13 December 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/yatseniuk-batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-create-opposition-council-to-coordinate-activity-in-rada-317760.html">Batkivschyna, UDAR, Svoboda to create opposition council to coordinate activity in Rada</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121218005110/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/yatseniuk-batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-create-opposition-council-to-coordinate-activity-in-rada-317760.html">Archived</a> 18 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (17 December 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2013/03/6/6984963/">Підтримка КПУ та Партії регіонів знизилась – соціологи Support CPU and the Party of Regions fell – sociologists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309014802/http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2013/03/6/6984963/">Archived</a> 9 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (6 March 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButenko2012" class="citation web cs1">Butenko, Victoria (13 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/12/world/europe/ukraine-parliament-fight/">"New Ukraine parliament packs punches – literally – in first session"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320014242/http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/12/world/europe/ukraine-parliament-fight/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=New+Ukraine+parliament+packs+punches+%E2%80%93+literally+%E2%80%93+in+first+session&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft.aulast=Butenko&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2012%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-parliament-fight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Danilova,_Associated_Press2012" class="citation web cs1">Maria Danilova, Associated Press (13 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/12/13/democracy-in-action-ukraine-parliament-erupts-into-violent-brawls-during-vote-over-speaker/">"Ukraine parliament erupts into violent brawls during vote over speaker"</a>. National Post. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228195656/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21842617">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+MPs+throw+punches+in+Ukraine+parliament+brawl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-21842617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/parliament-breaks-due-to-scuffle-between-svoboda-regions-party-faction-321889.html">"Parliament breaks due to scuffle between Svoboda, Regions Party (VIDEO)"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Parliament+breaks+due+to+scuffle+between+Svoboda%2C+Regions+Party+%28VIDEO%29&rft.date=2013-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2Fparliament-breaks-due-to-scuffle-between-svoboda-regions-party-faction-321889.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/2012/12/20/news-opinion/world/ukrainian-government-anti-semitic-pejorative-used-against-mila-kunis-is-legal">"Ukrainian government: Anti-Semitic pejorative used against Mila Kunis is legal"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+government%3A+Anti-Semitic+pejorative+used+against+Mila+Kunis+is+legal&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2012%2F12%2F20%2Fnews-opinion%2Fworld%2Fukrainian-government-anti-semitic-pejorative-used-against-mila-kunis-is-legal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-antisem-87"><a href="#cite_ref-antisem_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://khpg.org/index.php?id=1391511895">"Anti-Semitism on EuroMaidan: Not seen, just heard about"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030161055/http://khpg.org/index.php?id=1391511895">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-Semitism+on+EuroMaidan%3A+Not+seen%2C+just+heard+about&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkhpg.org%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D1391511895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2014" class="citation news cs1">Snyder, Timothy (3 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/04/opinion/dont-let-putin-grab-ukraine.html">"Don't Let Putin Grab Ukraine"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528214037/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/04/opinion/dont-let-putin-grab-ukraine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Let+Putin+Grab+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F02%2F04%2Fopinion%2Fdont-let-putin-grab-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-coordinate-their-actions-at-presidential-election-2/">Batkivschyna, UDAR, Svoboda to coordinate their actions at presidential election</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525084314/http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-coordinate-their-actions-at-presidential-election-2/">Archived</a> 25 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (16 May 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-kppoll-89"><a href="#cite_ref-kppoll_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInterfax-Ukraine2013" class="citation news cs1">Interfax-Ukraine (25 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/poll-yanukovych-to-lose-to-opposition-candidates-in-second-round-of-presidential-elections-334239.html">"Poll: Yanukovych to lose to opposition candidates in second round of presidential elections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111021824/https://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/poll-yanukovych-to-lose-to-opposition-candidates-in-second-round-of-presidential-elections-334239.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+Yanukovych+to+lose+to+opposition+candidates+in+second+round+of+presidential+elections&rft.date=2013-12-25&rft.au=Interfax-Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2Fpoll-yanukovych-to-lose-to-opposition-candidates-in-second-round-of-presidential-elections-334239.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svoboda_assumes_responsibility_for_pulling-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Svoboda_assumes_responsibility_for_pulling_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zik.ua/en/news/2013/12/08/svoboda_assumes_responsibility_for_pulling_down_lenin_monument_in_kyiv_445647">"Svoboda assumes responsibility for pulling down Lenin monument in Kyiv"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZIK&rft.atitle=Svoboda+assumes+responsibility+for+pulling+down+Lenin+monument+in+Kyiv&rft.date=2013-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzik.ua%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2013%2F12%2F08%2Fsvoboda_assumes_responsibility_for_pulling_down_lenin_monument_in_kyiv_445647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian3-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian3_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian3_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding" class="citation news cs1">Harding, Luke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/13/ukraine-uprising-fascist-coup-grassroots-movement">"Ukraine uprising: fascist coup or broad-based grassroots movement?"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine+uprising%3A+fascist+coup+or+broad-based+grassroots+movement%3F&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fmar%2F13%2Fukraine-uprising-fascist-coup-grassroots-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svoboda_party_members_in_Ukrainian_government_resign-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Svoboda_party_members_in_Ukrainian_government_resign_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Svoboda_party_members_in_Ukrainian_government_resign_92-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Svoboda_party_members_in_Ukrainian_government_resign_92-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/234059.html">Svoboda party members in Ukrainian government resign – Deputy Premier Sych</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203142713/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/234059.html">Archived</a> 3 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (12 November 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-IU26214GNU-93"><a href="#cite_ref-IU26214GNU_93-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193035.html">Maidan nominates Yatseniuk for prime minister</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191001173957/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193035.html">Archived</a> 1 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (26 February 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193222.html">Ukrainian parliament endorses new cabinet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019103909/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193222.html">Archived</a> 19 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (27 February 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zik.ua/ua/news/2014/03/03/u_rivnomu_predstavyly_novogo_golovu_oda_sergiya_rybachka_466939">"У Рівному представили нового голову ОДА Сергія Рибачка"</a>. zik.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024840/http://zik.ua/ua/news/2014/03/03/u_rivnomu_predstavyly_novogo_golovu_oda_sergiya_rybachka_466939">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014. 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Retrieved 17 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%90+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BA+%E2%80%93+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5+%E2%80%93+%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85+221+%D0%B8+222+%D0%BE%D1%82+2+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+%26%23124%3B+%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%AF&rft.pub=Segodnya.ua&rft.date=2014-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.segodnya.ua%2Fcriminal%2Fternopolskoe-oga-vozglavil-sirotyuk-499963.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraf.in.ua/topnews/2014/03/02/kremenchuzhanin-viktor-bugaychuk-naznachen-gubernatorom-poltavschiny_10035471.html">"Kremenchuzhanin Victor Bugaychuk appointed Governor of Poltava"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129050646/http://www.telegraf.in.ua/topnews/2014/03/02/kremenchuzhanin-viktor-bugaychuk-naznachen-gubernatorom-poltavschiny_10035471.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kremenchuzhanin+Victor+Bugaychuk+appointed+Governor+of+Poltava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraf.in.ua%2Ftopnews%2F2014%2F03%2F02%2Fkremenchuzhanin-viktor-bugaychuk-naznachen-gubernatorom-poltavschiny_10035471.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26643141">"Crimea crisis: Pro-Russians seize Ukrainian naval bases"</a>. BBC. 19 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319091249/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26643141">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Crimea+crisis%3A+Pro-Russians+seize+Ukrainian+naval+bases&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26643141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2014/03/19/ukranian-tv-boss-assaulted-and-forced-to-resign-by-far-right-svoboda-mps/">"Ukrainian TV boss assaulted and forced to resign by far-right Svoboda MPs"</a>. euronews. 19 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029003530/http://www.euronews.com/2014/03/19/ukranian-tv-boss-assaulted-and-forced-to-resign-by-far-right-svoboda-mps/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+TV+boss+assaulted+and+forced+to+resign+by+far-right+Svoboda+MPs&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2014%2F03%2F19%2Fukranian-tv-boss-assaulted-and-forced-to-resign-by-far-right-svoboda-mps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/fom/116599">"OSCE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030152452/http://www.osce.org/fom/116599">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Ffom%2F116599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudenko2014" class="citation news cs1">Rudenko, Olga (19 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/nationalist-svoboda-party-members-of-parliament-assault-first-channel-tv-manager-video-340002.html">"Nationalist Svoboda Party members of parliament assault First Channel TV manager (VIDEO)"</a>. 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Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140321014652/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/20/ukrainian-tv-chief-attack-condemned-amnesty-international_n_4999365.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Far-Right+Attack+On+Ukrainian+TV+Chief+Condemned&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft.aulast=Mirkinson&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F03%2F20%2Fukrainian-tv-chief-attack-condemned-amnesty-international_n_4999365.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SvobAENM-99"><a href="#cite_ref-SvobAENM_99-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/ukrainian/politics/2013/01/130124_svoboda_alliance_sx.shtml">"Свобода" і європейські націоналісти: конфлікти є, війни нема "Svoboda" and European nationalists: conflicts are not the war</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328092213/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ukrainian/politics/2013/01/130124_svoboda_alliance_sx.shtml">Archived</a> 28 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Ukrainian">BBC Ukrainian</a> (24 January 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/paul-ames-europes-far-right-is-embracing-putin-2014-4#!HGOh8">Europe's Far Right Is Embracing Putin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128115039/http://www.businessinsider.com/paul-ames-europes-far-right-is-embracing-putin-2014-4#!HGOh8">Archived</a> 28 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a> (10 April 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.svoboda.org.ua/news/events/00010596/">Oleh Tiahnybok withdraws Svoboda's membership within the Alliance of European National Movements</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140321013932/http://en.svoboda.org.ua/news/events/00010596/">Archived</a> 21 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529212731/http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/566632/">"Poroshenko wins presidential election with 54.7% of vote - CEC < News < Home"</a>. 29 May 2014. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=UDAR%2C+Svoboda+quit+parliamentary+coalition&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F215242.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/215328.html">"Ukrainian PM Yatseniuk announces resignation in parliament"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 24 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625203209/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/215328.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+PM+Yatseniuk+announces+resignation+in+parliament&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F215328.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-08-25/ukraine-president-poroshenko-calls-snap-general-election">"Ukraine Early Election Set for October"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>. 25 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505163141/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-08-25/ukraine-president-poroshenko-calls-snap-general-election">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Early+Election+Set+for+October&rft.date=2014-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2014-08-25%2Fukraine-president-poroshenko-calls-snap-general-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://utr.tv/eng/news-from-www-ukrinform-ua/327072-poroshenko_bloc_to_have_greatest_number_of_seats_in_parliament_327072.html">Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110220835/http://utr.tv/eng/news-from-www-ukrinform-ua/327072-poroshenko_bloc_to_have_greatest_number_of_seats_in_parliament_327072.html">Archived</a> 10 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Television_and_Radio" title="Ukrainian Television and Radio">Ukrainian Television and Radio</a> (8 November 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233404.html">People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections – CEC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112013057/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233404.html">Archived</a> 12 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (8 November 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233426.html">Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament – CEC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404192732/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233426.html">Archived</a> 4 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (8 November 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-Olszanski_AE-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Olszanski_AE_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olszanski_AE_105-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olszanski_AE_105-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlszański2014" class="citation cs2">Olszański, Tadeusz A. (29 October 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2014-10-29/a-strong-vote-reform-ukraine-after-parliamentary-elections">A strong vote for reform: Ukraine after the parliamentary elections</a>, OSW—Centre for Eastern Studies, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114003907/http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2014-10-29/a-strong-vote-reform-ukraine-after-parliamentary-elections">archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2014, retrieved 22 November 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+strong+vote+for+reform%3A+Ukraine+after+the+parliamentary+elections&rft.pub=OSW%E2%80%94Centre+for+Eastern+Studies&rft.date=2014-10-29&rft.aulast=Olsza%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osw.waw.pl%2Fen%2Fpublikacje%2Fanalyses%2F2014-10-29%2Fa-strong-vote-reform-ukraine-after-parliamentary-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/235066.html">"Poroshenko dismisses governors of Poltava, Ternopil and Rivne regions – decree"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 18 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505163142/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/235066.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=Poroshenko+dismisses+governors+of+Poltava%2C+Ternopil+and+Rivne+regions+%E2%80%93+decree&rft.date=2014-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F235066.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-10-26/why-a-star-wars-emperor-won-office-in-ukraine">Why a 'Star Wars' Emperor Won Office in Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414032549/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-10-26/why-a-star-wars-emperor-won-office-in-ukraine">Archived</a> 14 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> (26 October 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.mobi/a/early-results-show-ukraine-dividied-for-against-poroshenko-rule/27328575.html">Exit Polls Show Ukraine Divided For, Against Poroshenko Rule</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151230225906/http://www.rferl.mobi/a/early-results-show-ukraine-dividied-for-against-poroshenko-rule/27328575.html">Archived</a> 30 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a> (27 October 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/?fa=61760">After Ukraine’s Local Elections: Early Misinterpretations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913104358/http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/?fa=61760">Archived</a> 13 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Europe">Carnegie Europe</a> (27 October 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.eu/article/petro-poroshenko-hobbles-on-ukraine-local-election-vote-rigging/">Poroshenko hobbles on</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806062048/http://www.politico.eu/article/petro-poroshenko-hobbles-on-ukraine-local-election-vote-rigging/">Archived</a> 6 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politico_Europe" title="Politico Europe">Politico Europe</a> (26 October 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/1164949-weeks-milestones-elections-to-be-continued-blackmail-in-minsk-and-emotional-lustration.html">Week’s milestones. Elections to be continued, blackmail in Minsk, and emotional lustration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001927/http://www.unian.info/politics/1164949-weeks-milestones-elections-to-be-continued-blackmail-in-minsk-and-emotional-lustration.html">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNIAN" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIAN">UNIAN</a> (27 October 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-politics/1914854-mayors-of-mykolayiv-ivano-frankivsk-become-known-after-elections.html">Mayors of Mykolayiv, Ivano-Frankivsk become known after elections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117161536/http://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-politics/1914854-mayors-of-mykolayiv-ivano-frankivsk-become-known-after-elections.html">Archived</a> 17 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> (16 November 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/11/19/7198643/">The nationalists have been identified with a presidential candidate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119151957/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/11/19/7198643/">Archived</a> 19 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (19 November 2018) </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/zelenskiy-wins-first-round-but-that-s-not-the-surprise/">Zelenskiy wins first round but that’s not the surprise</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191005175139/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/zelenskiy-wins-first-round-but-that-s-not-the-surprise/">Archived</a> 5 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a> (4 April 2019) </li> <li id="cite_note-vibori-600508-111"><a href="#cite_ref-vibori-600508_111-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.glavcom.ua/country/politics/yarosh-tyagnibok-bileckiy-taki-sformuvali-jediniy-spisok-na-vibori-600508.html">Yarosh, Tyagnibok and Biletsky have all formed a single list for the elections (Ярош, Тягнибок та Білецький таки сформували єдиний список на вибори)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220030917/https://glavcom.ua/country/politics/yarosh-tyagnibok-bileckiy-taki-sformuvali-jediniy-spisok-na-vibori-600508.html">Archived</a> 20 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glavcom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glavcom (page does not exist)">Glavcom</a> (9 June 2019) </li> <li id="cite_note-formerMP2748306-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-formerMP2748306_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-formerMP2748306_112-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-elections/2748306-cec-counts-100-percent-of-vote-in-ukraines-parliamentary-elections.html">CEC counts 100 percent of vote in Ukraine's parliamentary elections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221101411/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-elections/2748306-cec-counts-100-percent-of-vote-in-ukraines-parliamentary-elections.html">Archived</a> 21 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> (26 July 2019) (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2019/07/21/7221526/">Results of the extraordinary elections of the People's Deputies of Ukraine 2019</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191119194822/https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2019/07/21/7221526/">Archived</a> 19 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (21 July 2019) </li> <li id="cite_note-URKVOTEC83IVOSOS-113"><a href="#cite_ref-URKVOTEC83IVOSOS_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukr.vote/en/elections/9/eldistrict/146/2600000000">"Електоральна пам'ять"</a>. ukr.vote. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626124228/https://ukr.vote/en/elections/9/eldistrict/146/2600000000">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ukr.vote&rft.atitle=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukr.vote%2Fen%2Felections%2F9%2Feldistrict%2F146%2F2600000000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/winners-and-losers-of-ukraines-local-elections/">Winners and losers of Ukraine’s local elections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202154410/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/winners-and-losers-of-ukraines-local-elections/">Archived</a> 2 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a> (2 November 2020) </li> <li id="cite_note-274039TheCECSvob-115"><a href="#cite_ref-274039TheCECSvob_115-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/11/18/7274039/">The CEC showed the top 10 parties that won the most seats in the election</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123161316/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/11/18/7274039/">Archived</a> 23 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (18 November 2020) </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesno.org/post/4491/">In Konotop, the "freedom fighter" Semenikhin wins</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125145050/https://www.chesno.org/post/4491/">Archived</a> 25 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_movement_%22Chesno%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil movement "Chesno"">Civil movement "Chesno"</a> (25 January 2021) </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.from-ua.com/news/99d40c78ba069.html">"Коломойский предрекает большое будущее ВО "Свобода""</a>. 2 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328021720/http://www.from-ua.com/news/99d40c78ba069.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2014. 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Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mult-kor.hu&rft.atitle=Nem+ind%C3%ADtanak+nyomoz%C3%A1st+a+vereckei+eml%C3%A9km%C5%B1+megrong%C3%A1l%C3%A1sa+miatt&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmult-kor.hu%2F20111007_nem_inditanak_nyomozast_a_vereckei_emlekmu_megrongalasa_miatt%3FfbrkMR%3Ddesktop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karpatalja.ma/karpatalja/kozelet/nacionalista-tuntetes-kiserte-a-karpataljai-magyarsag-kepviseloinek-kijevi-targyalasat/">"Nacionalista tüntetés kísérte a kárpátaljai magyarság képviselőinek kijevi tárgyalását"</a>. karpatalja.ma. 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Vol. 12/No. 1 (Winter 2011). p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-goldfarb-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goldfarb_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-goldfarb_136-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldfarb2012" class="citation news cs1">Goldfarb, Michael (12 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/120329/ukraine-svoboda-nationalist-party-nazi-echoes-hitler-pt-2">"Ukraine's nationalist party embraces Nazi ideology"</a>. Global Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228083738/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/120329/ukraine-svoboda-nationalist-party-nazi-echoes-hitler-pt-2">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Post&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+nationalist+party+embraces+Nazi+ideology&rft.date=2012-04-12&rft.aulast=Goldfarb&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatch%2Fnews%2Fregions%2Feurope%2F120329%2Fukraine-svoboda-nationalist-party-nazi-echoes-hitler-pt-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWodakRichardson2013" class="citation book cs1">Wodak, Ruth; Richardson, John E. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XMIG9aJxuxAC&q=%E2%80%9Cone+race,+one+nation,+one+Fatherland.%E2%80%9D&pg=PA245">Analysing Fascist Discourse</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415899192" title="Special:BookSources/9780415899192"><bdi>9780415899192</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404070606/https://books.google.com/books?id=XMIG9aJxuxAC&q=%E2%80%9Cone+race,+one+nation,+one+Fatherland.%E2%80%9D&pg=PA245">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analysing+Fascist+Discourse&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780415899192&rft.aulast=Wodak&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Richardson%2C+John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXMIG9aJxuxAC%26q%3D%25E2%2580%259Cone%2Brace%2C%2Bone%2Bnation%2C%2Bone%2BFatherland.%25E2%2580%259D%26pg%3DPA245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> (in Ukrainian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/custom?hl=uk&client=google-coop-np&cof=FORID:13%3BAH:left%3BS:http://www.svoboda.org.ua%3BCX:%25D0%259C%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B0%2520%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2596%25D0%25B2%2520%25D0%2592%25D0%259E%2520%2522%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%2522%3BL:http://www.svoboda.org.ua/static/images/svoboda.png%3BLH:90%3BLP:1%3BVLC:%23551a8b%3BDIV:%23cccccc%3B&cx=014947352858680964396:rv3j0mw3zqo&adkw=AELymgXC4GDTryFlDuU0IRPKygjtS7FbefzqZIRM0FdCwdUG6mumEfxc-Fje7dMiTY_mLENvEthRrxVSspHKESWhu7HMBTQjUpA8NqPzolrLtgmX_nIGHC2f9Nz5ds6OttKF-mHihlJT2CXm7rQysiuxzJqM521wF6WO0BLsBQIvazQtN8CoeiM&boostcse=0&ei=y4ygTbbQOYiDOu6HnDU&q=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8&start=0&sa=N">Олігархи</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422000459/https://cse.google.com/cse?hl=uk&client=google-coop-np&cof=FORID:13%3BAH:left%3BS:http://www.svoboda.org.ua%3BCX:%25D0%259C%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B0%2520%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2596%25D0%25B2%2520%25D0%2592%25D0%259E%2520%2522%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%2522%3BL:http://www.svoboda.org.ua/static/images/svoboda.png%3BLH:90%3BLP:1%3BVLC:%23551a8b%3BDIV:%23cccccc%3B&cx=014947352858680964396:rv3j0mw3zqo&adkw=AELymgXC4GDTryFlDuU0IRPKygjtS7FbefzqZIRM0FdCwdUG6mumEfxc-Fje7dMiTY_mLENvEthRrxVSspHKESWhu7HMBTQjUpA8NqPzolrLtgmX_nIGHC2f9Nz5ds6OttKF-mHihlJT2CXm7rQysiuxzJqM521wF6WO0BLsBQIvazQtN8CoeiM&boostcse=0&ei=y4ygTbbQOYiDOu6HnDU&q=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8&start=0&sa=N">Archived</a> 22 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Parties official website </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ciKIBazTof8C&dq=Ukrainian+parties+oligarchs&pg=PA347">Central and East European Politics:From Communism to Democracy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404070607/https://books.google.com/books?id=ciKIBazTof8C&dq=Ukrainian%20parties%20oligarchs&pg=PA347">Archived</a> 4 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharon_Wolchik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharon Wolchik (page does not exist)">Sharon Wolchik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Curry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane Curry">Jane Curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield_Publishers,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.">Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.</a>, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-4068-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-4068-2">978-0-7425-4068-2</a> (page 347) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uWLfGt3eiRkC&dq=Ukrainian+parties+oligarchs&pg=PA113">Ukraine on its Way to Europe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403235404/https://books.google.com/books?id=uWLfGt3eiRkC&dq=Ukrainian+parties+oligarchs&pg=PA113">Archived</a> 3 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juliane_Besters-Dilger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juliane Besters-Dilger (page does not exist)">Juliane Besters-Dilger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publishing_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Lang (publishing company)">Peter Lang</a>, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-631-58889-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-631-58889-5">3-631-58889-5</a> (page 113) </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> (in Ukrainian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svoboda.org.ua/dopysy/zmi/012777/">Олег Тягнибок – єдиний кандидат у президенти України, який несе світоглядові бачення побудови української держави!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110701152157/http://www.svoboda.org.ua/dopysy/zmi/012777/">Archived</a> 1 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Parties official website (25 November 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC522010-141"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC522010_141-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8500156.stm">Ukraine's Orange band loses its voice</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110126073335/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8500156.stm">Archived</a> 26 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> () <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-349133.html">Monument to Lenin was opened with scandal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091129113909/http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-349133.html">Archived</a> 29 November 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNIAN" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIAN">UNIAN</a> (27 November 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/53774/">Police detain two persons who threw bottle of paint at Lenin monument in Kyiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605114220/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/53774/">Archived</a> 5 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (27 November 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/94051/">Svoboda activists questioned due to explosion of monument to Stalin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415063022/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/94051">Archived</a> 15 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (3 January 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-beatup-142"><a href="#cite_ref-beatup_142-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photo.unian.net/ukr/themes/15577">Події за темами: У Києві облили фарбою пам’ятник Леніну під час його відкриття після реставрації</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017024830/http://photo.unian.net/ukr/themes/15577">Archived</a> 17 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNIAN" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIAN">UNIAN</a> (27 November 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.ria.ru/world/20130216/179512172.html">"Ukraine's Police Open Criminal Case over Lenin Statue Dismantling"</a>. RIA Novosti. 16 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723120120/http://en.ria.ru/world/20130216/179512172.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RIA+Novosti&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Police+Open+Criminal+Case+over+Lenin+Statue+Dismantling&rft.date=2013-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.ria.ru%2Fworld%2F20130216%2F179512172.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsachenkov2013" class="citation news cs1">Isachenkov (3 December 2013). "Main players in Ukraine's political drama". The New Zealand Herald. <q>While Svoboda campaigns firmly for EU membership and Western values, their leaders, including Tyahnybok, have made anti-Semitic and racist remarks to protests by Jewish and other rights groups. The group also campaigns for strict conservative values and has called for banning abortions and spoken out against gay rights.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Main+players+in+Ukraine%27s+political+drama&rft.date=2013-12-03&rft.au=Isachenkov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ghosh-145"><a href="#cite_ref-ghosh_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2013" class="citation news cs1">Ghosh, Ghosh (19 February 2013). "Euromaidan: The Dark Shadows Of The Far Right In Ukraine Protests". International Business Times News. <q>Moreover, Svoboda expresses extreme hostility towards homosexuals – party members once attacked and sprayed tear gas at the participants of a gay rights rally in the capital Kiev.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times+News&rft.atitle=Euromaidan%3A+The+Dark+Shadows+Of+The+Far+Right+In+Ukraine+Protests&rft.date=2013-02-19&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Ghosh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw-146"><a href="#cite_ref-hrw_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/18/ukraine-investigate-attacks-peaceful-protest">"Ukraine: Investigate Attacks on Peaceful Protest"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 18 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323084105/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/18/ukraine-investigate-attacks-peaceful-protest">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+Investigate+Attacks+on+Peaceful+Protest&rft.date=2012-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2012%2F12%2F18%2Fukraine-investigate-attacks-peaceful-protest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afprightsvote-147"><a href="#cite_ref-afprightsvote_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Ukraine shelves gay rights vote amid protests". Agence France Presse. 14 May 2013. <q>The parliament of ex-Soviet Ukraine on Tuesday indefinitely postponed a vote on a bill that would have barred employers from rejecting workers based on their sexual orientation as hundreds of anti-gay activists protested outside. The European Union-backed legislation had been up for a vote on Tuesday after a strong bid by President Viktor Yanukovych's government – keen to eventually join the 27-nation bloc – to get its rights laws in line with Western standards. But the bill was opposed in parliament by the Communist Party and the nationalist Svoboda group that sees most of its support in Catholic Ukrainian-speaking regions in the west of the country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agence+France+Presse&rft.atitle=Ukraine+shelves+gay+rights+vote+amid+protests&rft.date=2013-05-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stern1313-148"><a href="#cite_ref-stern1313_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2013" class="citation news cs1">Stern, David (13 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/12/what-europe-means-to-ukraines-protesters/282327/">"What Europe Means to Ukraine's Protesters"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329183233/http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/12/what-europe-means-to-ukraines-protesters/282327/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=What+Europe+Means+to+Ukraine%27s+Protesters&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2013%2F12%2Fwhat-europe-means-to-ukraines-protesters%2F282327%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-globalvoicesonline.org-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globalvoicesonline.org_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalvoicesonline.org_149-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/04/29/ukrainian-lawmakers-propose-to-ban-abortions/">"Ukrainian Lawmakers Propose to Ban Abortions · Global Voices"</a>. Global Voices. 29 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030162337/https://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/04/29/ukrainian-lawmakers-propose-to-ban-abortions/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Voices&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Lawmakers+Propose+to+Ban+Abortions+%C2%B7+Global+Voices&rft.date=2013-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalvoicesonline.org%2F2013%2F04%2F29%2Fukrainian-lawmakers-propose-to-ban-abortions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-globalvoices-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globalvoices_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalvoices_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Ukrainian Lawmakers Propose to Ban Abortions". Global Voices, delivered by Newstex. 29 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Voices%2C+delivered+by+Newstex&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Lawmakers+Propose+to+Ban+Abortions&rft.date=2013-04-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPyzik2014" class="citation news cs1">Pyzik, Agata (21 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/21/ukraine-turmoil-womens-rights-europe-democracy">"Amid Ukraine's turmoil, women's rights must not be forgotten"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113154419/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/21/ukraine-turmoil-womens-rights-europe-democracy">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Amid+Ukraine%27s+turmoil%2C+women%27s+rights+must+not+be+forgotten&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.aulast=Pyzik&rft.aufirst=Agata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2014%2Fmar%2F21%2Fukraine-turmoil-womens-rights-europe-democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-salem0314-152"><a href="#cite_ref-salem0314_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalem2014" class="citation news cs1">Salem, Harriet (14 March 2014). "Ukraine: Kiev cabinet". The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+Kiev+cabinet&rft.date=2014-03-14&rft.aulast=Salem&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-spie140127-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spie140127_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-spie140127_153-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-spie140127_153-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpiegel_Staff2014" class="citation news cs1">Spiegel Staff (27 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/ukraine-sliding-towards-civil-war-in-wake-of-tough-new-laws-a-945742.html">"The Right Wing's Role in Ukrainian Protests"</a>. Der Spiegel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223075948/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/ukraine-sliding-towards-civil-war-in-wake-of-tough-new-laws-a-945742.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014. <q>the right-wing nationalist Svoboda (Freedom) Party... is allied with France's right-wing <a href="/wiki/Front_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Front National">Front National</a> and with the Italian neo-fascist group <a href="/wiki/Fiamma_Tricolore" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiamma Tricolore">Fiamma Tricolore</a>...anti-Semitism is part of the extremist party's platform</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=The+Right+Wing%27s+Role+in+Ukrainian+Protests&rft.date=2014-01-27&rft.au=Spiegel+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Feurope%2Fukraine-sliding-towards-civil-war-in-wake-of-tough-new-laws-a-945742.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kramernyt-154"><a href="#cite_ref-kramernyt_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer2013" class="citation news cs1">Kramer, Andrew (18 December 2013). "Protests in Ukraine lift nationalist right; Anti-Russia feelings help Svoboda party spread unyielding message". International New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Protests+in+Ukraine+lift+nationalist+right%3B+Anti-Russia+feelings+help+Svoboda+party+spread+unyielding+message&rft.date=2013-12-18&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HuffPost_2014-155"><a href="#cite_ref-HuffPost_2014_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOleksandr_Feldman2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Feldman" title="Oleksandr Feldman">Oleksandr Feldman</a> (13 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ukraine-protests-nationalism-anti-semitism_b_4588507">"The Sad Progression of the Ukrainian Protest Movement From Democracy and the Rule of Law to Ultra-nationalism and Anti-semitism"</a>. HuffPost blogs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403235403/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ukraine-protests-nationalism-anti-semitism_b_4588507">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost+blogs&rft.atitle=The+Sad+Progression+of+the+Ukrainian+Protest+Movement+From+Democracy+and+the+Rule+of+Law+to+Ultra-nationalism+and+Anti-semitism&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft.au=Oleksandr+Feldman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fukraine-protests-nationalism-anti-semitism_b_4588507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sokol19-156"><a href="#cite_ref-sokol19_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokol2014" class="citation news cs1">Sokol, Sam (19 January 2014). "Attacker stabs kollel student in Kiev". Jerusalem Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Attacker+stabs+kollel+student+in+Kiev&rft.date=2014-01-19&rft.aulast=Sokol&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-voa-157"><a href="#cite_ref-voa_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/ukraines-far-right-candidate-reflects-mainstream-nationalist-views/1916403.html">"Ukraine's Far Right Candidate Reflects Mainstream Nationalist Views"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine%27s+Far+Right+Candidate+Reflects+Mainstream+Nationalist+Views&rft.pub=VOA&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fukraines-far-right-candidate-reflects-mainstream-nationalist-views%2F1916403.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibt2012-158"><a href="#cite_ref-ibt2012_158-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/svoboda-rising-spectre-neo-nazism-ukraine-974110">International Business Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121231081231/http://www.ibtimes.com/svoboda-rising-spectre-neo-nazism-ukraine-974110">Archived</a> 31 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Svoboda: The Rising Spectre Of Neo-Nazism In The Ukraine, 27 December 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2011/10/27/6708115/">"Заява Організації "Патріот України" про розрив стосунків з ВО "Свобода""</a>. Українська правда. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020084026/http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2011/10/27/6708115/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97+%22%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%22+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2+%D0%B7+%D0%92%D0%9E+%22%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Farticles%2F2011%2F10%2F27%2F6708115%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030165702/http://eajc.org/page18/news33726.html">"Жизнь после выборов"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eajc.org/page18/news33726.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feajc.org%2Fpage18%2Fnews33726.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zaborona.com/en/neo-nazi-links-of-a-facebook-fact-checker-exposed/">"Neo-Nazi links of a Facebook fact-checker exposed"</a>. zaborona.com. 10 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627013107/https://zaborona.com/en/neo-nazi-links-of-a-facebook-fact-checker-exposed/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zaborona.com&rft.atitle=Neo-Nazi+links+of+a+Facebook+fact-checker+exposed&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzaborona.com%2Fen%2Fneo-nazi-links-of-a-facebook-fact-checker-exposed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016074758/https://ukraine.segodnya.ua/ukraine/ckandalnyj-zhect-lider-hruppy-komu-vniz-vckinul-ruku-po-natsictcki-270209.html">"Скандальный жест: лидер группы "Кому вниз" вскинул руку "по-нацистски""</a>. ukraine.segodnya.ua. 11 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukraine.segodnya.ua/ukraine/ckandalnyj-zhect-lider-hruppy-komu-vniz-vckinul-ruku-po-natsictcki-270209.html">the original</a> on 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ukraine.segodnya.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%3A+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B+%22%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%22+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83+%22%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%22&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukraine.segodnya.ua%2Fukraine%2Fckandalnyj-zhect-lider-hruppy-komu-vniz-vckinul-ruku-po-natsictcki-270209.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.basarabeni.ro/stiri/articol/ucraina-refuza-ridicarea-statuii-maresalului-alexandru-averescu-in-schimb-la-galati-este-comemorat-hatmanul-ivan-mazepa-652/">"Ucraina refuza ridicarea statuii maresalului Alexandru Averescu. In schimb, la Galati, este comemorat hatmanul Ivan Mazepa |"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210075654/https://www.basarabeni.ro/stiri/articol/ucraina-refuza-ridicarea-statuii-maresalului-alexandru-averescu-in-schimb-la-galati-este-comemorat-hatmanul-ivan-mazepa-652/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ucraina+refuza+ridicarea+statuii+maresalului+Alexandru+Averescu.+In+schimb%2C+la+Galati%2C+este+comemorat+hatmanul+Ivan+Mazepa+%26%23124%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.basarabeni.ro%2Fstiri%2Farticol%2Fucraina-refuza-ridicarea-statuii-maresalului-alexandru-averescu-in-schimb-la-galati-este-comemorat-hatmanul-ivan-mazepa-652%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEPDec12-164"><a href="#cite_ref-SEPDec12_164-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/summary.do?id=1239823&t=e&l=en">13/12/2012 Text adopted by Parliament, single reading</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140204043831/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/summary.do?id=1239823&t=e&l=en">Archived</a> 4 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> (13 December 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-UWVD31313-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWVD31313_165-9">j</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrainianweek.com/Politics/76092">Oleh Tyahnybok: “The three opposition parties should not be required to act completely in sync”</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130423084633/http://ukrainianweek.com/Politics/76092">Archived</a> 23 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ukrainian_Week" title="The Ukrainian Week">The Ukrainian Week</a> (31 March 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinsider.com.ua/politics/52ac9988bfcfd/">"Партія регіонів відцензурувала виступ регіоналки Бондаренко"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214210440/http://www.theinsider.com.ua/politics/52ac9988bfcfd/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinsider.com.ua%2Fpolitics%2F52ac9988bfcfd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kps2511-167"><a href="#cite_ref-kps2511_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/113523/">"Ukrainian nationalists protest over Jewish pilgrims"</a>. Kyiv Post. 25 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927044816/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/113523/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+nationalists+protest+over+Jewish+pilgrims&rft.date=2011-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fdetail%2F113523%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/news/article/2009/05/25/1005397/ukrainian-partys-presidential-candidate-worries-jews">Ukrainian party picks xenophobic candidate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609170927/http://www.jta.org/news/article/2009/05/25/1005397/ukrainian-partys-presidential-candidate-worries-jews">Archived</a> 9 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a> (25 May 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/tiahnybok-denies-anti-semitism-in-svoboda-318205.html">Tiahnybok denies anti-Semitism in Svoboda</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121228202711/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/tiahnybok-denies-anti-semitism-in-svoboda-318205.html">Archived</a> 28 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (27 December 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/tiahnybok-denies-anti-semitism-in-svoboda-318205.html">"Tiahnybok denies anti-Semitism in Svoboda"</a>. Kyiv Post. 27 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121228202711/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/tiahnybok-denies-anti-semitism-in-svoboda-318205.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Tiahnybok+denies+anti-Semitism+in+Svoboda&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2Ftiahnybok-denies-anti-semitism-in-svoboda-318205.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/05/24/svoboda-fuels-ukraines-growing-anti-semitism/">Svoboda Fuels Ukraine’s Growing Anti-Semitism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125223653/http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/05/24/svoboda-fuels-ukraines-growing-anti-semitism/">Archived</a> 25 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/Algemeiner_Journal" title="Algemeiner Journal">Algemeiner Journal</a>. 24 May 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/wiesenthal-center-pans-svoboda-march-but-many-ukrainian-jews-arent-worried-386642">"Wiesenthal Center pans Svoboda march but many Ukrainian Jews aren't worried"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com. Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115112156/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/wiesenthal-center-pans-svoboda-march-but-many-ukrainian-jews-arent-worried-386642">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+Jpost.com&rft.atitle=Wiesenthal+Center+pans+Svoboda+march+but+many+Ukrainian+Jews+aren%27t+worried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fdiaspora%2Fwiesenthal-center-pans-svoboda-march-but-many-ukrainian-jews-arent-worried-386642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/op-ed/the-rise-of-the-radical-right-in-ukraine-87119.html">The rise of the radical right in Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140118213337/http://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/op-ed/the-rise-of-the-radical-right-in-ukraine-87119.html">Archived</a> 18 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Andreas Umland, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (21 October 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-kpsvobodabandera-172"><a href="#cite_ref-kpsvobodabandera_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2014" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Christopher (17 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/svobodas-rise-inspires-some-frightens-many-others-335107.html">"Svoboda's rise inspires some, frightens many others"</a>. Kyiv Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140206214011/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/svobodas-rise-inspires-some-frightens-many-others-335107.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Svoboda%27s+rise+inspires+some%2C+frightens+many+others&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2Fsvobodas-rise-inspires-some-frightens-many-others-335107.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoye2014" class="citation news cs1">Hoye, Bryce (18 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themanitoban.com/2014/03/will-ukraine-survive-yanukovych/19647/">"'Will Ukraine survive Yanukovych?': Alexander Motyl provides theories on threat posed by Putin"</a>. The Manitoban. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809180546/http://www.themanitoban.com/2014/03/will-ukraine-survive-yanukovych/19647/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manitoban&rft.atitle=%27Will+Ukraine+survive+Yanukovych%3F%27%3A+Alexander+Motyl+provides+theories+on+threat+posed+by+Putin&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft.aulast=Hoye&rft.aufirst=Bryce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themanitoban.com%2F2014%2F03%2Fwill-ukraine-survive-yanukovych%2F19647%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/ukraines-parliament-remain-rowdy-place-182530224.html">Ukraine's parliament to remain a rowdy place</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051221/http://news.yahoo.com/ukraines-parliament-remain-rowdy-place-182530224.html">Archived</a> 5 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> via <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a> (28 October 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/1493190-world_jewish_congress_calls_svoboda_a_neo_nazi_party_303220.html">World Jewish Congress calls Svoboda a neo-Nazi party</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904201944/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/1493190-world_jewish_congress_calls_svoboda_a_neo_nazi_party_303220.html">Archived</a> 4 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> (14 May 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoxman" class="citation web cs1">Foxman, Abraham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/resources/news/ukraine-new-government-must-reassure-jewish-community">"In Ukraine, New Government Must Reassure Jewish Community"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111005/https://www.adl.org/resources/news/ukraine-new-government-must-reassure-jewish-community">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Ukraine%2C+New+Government+Must+Reassure+Jewish+Community&rft.aulast=Foxman&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fresources%2Fnews%2Fukraine-new-government-must-reassure-jewish-community&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-antisempr-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-antisempr_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-antisempr_177-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-antisempr_177-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspino2014" class="citation news cs1">Espino, Nathaniel (7 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/anti-semitism-rears-its-ugly-head-in-pr-war-over-protests-336403.html">"Anti-Semitism rears its ugly head in PR war over protests"</a>. Kyiv Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140207204346/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/anti-semitism-rears-its-ugly-head-in-pr-war-over-protests-336403.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Anti-Semitism+rears+its+ugly+head+in+PR+war+over+protests&rft.date=2014-02-07&rft.aulast=Espino&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2Fanti-semitism-rears-its-ugly-head-in-pr-war-over-protests-336403.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldman2013" class="citation news cs1">Feldman, Oleksandr (14 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/op-ed/svoboda-promoting-hatred-in-ukraine-320445.html">"Svoboda promoting hatred in Ukraine"</a>. Kyiv Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217123737/http://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/op-ed/svoboda-promoting-hatred-in-ukraine-320445.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Svoboda+promoting+hatred+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Oleksandr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fopinion%2Fop-ed%2Fsvoboda-promoting-hatred-in-ukraine-320445.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyivpost.com-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kyivpost.com_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyivpost.com_179-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/43-richest-oleksandr-feldman-50-93039.html">"#43 Richest: Oleksandr Feldman, 50"</a>. Kyiv Post. 17 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216173006/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/43-richest-oleksandr-feldman-50-93039.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=%2343+Richest%3A+Oleksandr+Feldman%2C+50&rft.date=2010-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2F43-richest-oleksandr-feldman-50-93039.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JTASAA-180"><a href="#cite_ref-JTASAA_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/2013/04/26/news-opinion/world/ukrainian-jews-worry-that-rise-of-svoboda-party-will-bring-anti-semitism-back-into-vogue">"Ukrainian Jews worry that rise of Svoboda party will bring anti-Semitism back into vogue"</a>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 26 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018061618/http://www.jta.org/2013/04/26/news-opinion/world/ukrainian-jews-worry-that-rise-of-svoboda-party-will-bring-anti-semitism-back-into-vogue">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Jews+worry+that+rise+of+Svoboda+party+will+bring+anti-Semitism+back+into+vogue&rft.date=2013-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2013%2F04%2F26%2Fnews-opinion%2Fworld%2Fukrainian-jews-worry-that-rise-of-svoboda-party-will-bring-anti-semitism-back-into-vogue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/Wiesenthal-ranks-top-10-anti-Semites-Israel-haters">"Wiesenthal ranks top 10 anti-Semites, Israel-haters"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030153857/http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/Wiesenthal-ranks-top-10-anti-Semites-Israel-haters">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+Jpost.com&rft.atitle=Wiesenthal+ranks+top+10+anti-Semites%2C+Israel-haters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FJewish-World%2FJewish-Features%2FWiesenthal-ranks-top-10-anti-Semites-Israel-haters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/kyiv-cannot-denounce-kharkiv-accords-unilaterally-says-foreign-ministry/">Kyiv cannot denounce Kharkiv accords unilaterally, says Foreign Ministry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422000500/http://interfax.co.uk/">Archived</a> 22 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (19 June 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-SabIU8413-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SabIU8413_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SabIU8413_184-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SabIU8413_184-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/svoboda-mps-propose-legislatively-banning-abortions-in-ukraine/">Svoboda MPs propose legislatively banning abortions in Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422000507/http://interfax.co.uk/">Archived</a> 22 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (8 April 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20929755">Alarm at rise in Ukraine ultra-nationalist popularity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914021242/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20929755">Archived</a> 14 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (7 January 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2013/03/7/6985149/">"Свободівець" попросив Попова заборонити марш сексуальних меншин "Svobodivets" Popov asked to ban the march of sexual minorities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310073020/http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2013/03/7/6985149/">Archived</a> 10 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (7 March 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/photo-video/2013/03/8/6985179/">У Києві марширували феміністки In Kyiv marched feminists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310140623/http://www.pravda.com.ua/photo-video/2013/03/8/6985179/">Archived</a> 10 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (8 March 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/svoboda-urges-ukrainians-to-boycott-new-history-textbook-and-not-to-learn-russian-319487.html">"Svoboda urges Ukrainians to boycott new history textbook and not to learn Russian"</a>. Kyiv Post. 29 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130424204714/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/svoboda-urges-ukrainians-to-boycott-new-history-textbook-and-not-to-learn-russian-319487.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Svoboda+urges+Ukrainians+to+boycott+new+history+textbook+and+not+to+learn+Russian&rft.date=2013-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2Fsvoboda-urges-ukrainians-to-boycott-new-history-textbook-and-not-to-learn-russian-319487.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraynor2014" class="citation news cs1">Traynor, Ian (24 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/23/ukraine-crisis-western-nations-eu-russia">"Western nations scramble to contain fallout from Ukraine crisis"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223185940/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/23/ukraine-crisis-western-nations-eu-russia">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Western+nations+scramble+to+contain+fallout+from+Ukraine+crisis&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft.aulast=Traynor&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fukraine-crisis-western-nations-eu-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lenta223-190"><a href="#cite_ref-lenta223_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2014/02/23/language/">"На Украине отменили закон о региональном статусе русского языка"</a>. Lenta.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223224335/http://lenta.ru/news/2014/02/23/language/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=Lenta.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F23%2Flanguage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-itar301-191"><a href="#cite_ref-itar301_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.itar-tass.com/world/721537">"Ukraine's parliament-appointed acting president says language law to stay effective"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ITAR-TASS" class="mw-redirect" title="ITAR-TASS">ITAR-TASS</a>. 1 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812233816/http://en.itar-tass.com/world/721537">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine%27s+parliament-appointed+acting+president+says+language+law+to+stay+effective&rft.pub=ITAR-TASS&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.itar-tass.com%2Fworld%2F721537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlszański2011" class="citation cs2">Olszański, Tadeusz A. (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140411153555/http://mercury.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/137051/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/fd513b79-1b42-403d-bde8-3d3d3a6a6f32/en/commentary_56.pdf">Svoboda Party – The New Phenomenon on the Ukrainian Right-Wing Scene</a> (PDF), OSW Commentary, Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mercury.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/137051/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/fd513b79-1b42-403d-bde8-3d3d3a6a6f32/en/commentary_56.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 April 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Svoboda+Party+%E2%80%93+The+New+Phenomenon+on+the+Ukrainian+Right-Wing+Scene&rft.series=OSW+Commentary&rft.pub=Centre+for+Eastern+Studies+%28OSW%29&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Olsza%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmercury.ethz.ch%2Fserviceengine%2FFiles%2FISN%2F137051%2Fipublicationdocument_singledocument%2Ffd513b79-1b42-403d-bde8-3d3d3a6a6f32%2Fen%2Fcommentary_56.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolyakova2014" class="citation journal cs1">Polyakova, Alina (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/48610395">"From the provinces to the parliament: How the Ukrainian radical right mobilized in Galicia"</a>. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 47 (2): 211–225. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0967-067X">0967-067X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communist+and+Post-Communist+Studies&rft.atitle=From+the+provinces+to+the+parliament%3A+How+the+Ukrainian+radical+right+mobilized+in+Galicia&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=211-225&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=0967-067X&rft.aulast=Polyakova&rft.aufirst=Alina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F48610395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2013" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://defendinghistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/PA-Rudling-on-Return-of-Ukrainian-Far-Right-2013.pdf">"The Return of the Ukrainian Far Right: The Case of VO Svoboda"</a> (PDF), Analysing Fascist Discourse: European Fascism in Talk and Text, Routledge, pp. 228–255, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304130947/http://defendinghistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/PA-Rudling-on-Return-of-Ukrainian-Far-Right-2013.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2014, retrieved 28 March 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analysing+Fascist+Discourse%3A+European+Fascism+in+Talk+and+Text&rft.atitle=The+Return+of+the+Ukrainian+Far+Right%3A+The+Case+of+VO+Svoboda&rft.pages=228-255&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdefendinghistory.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F01%2FPA-Rudling-on-Return-of-Ukrainian-Far-Right-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhovtsov2011" class="citation cs2">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2011), "The Creeping Resurgence of the Ukrainian Radical Right?: The Case of the Freedom Party", Europe-Asia Studies, 63 (2): 203–228, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668136.2011.547696">10.1080/09668136.2011.547696</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155079439">155079439</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Creeping+Resurgence+of+the+Ukrainian+Radical+Right%3F%3A+The+Case+of+the+Freedom+Party&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=203-228&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2011.547696&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155079439%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shekhovtsov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhovtsov2013" class="citation book cs1">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2013). From Para-Militarism to Radical Right-Wing Populism: The Rise of the Ukrainian Far-Right Party Svoboda. London/New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 249–263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-343-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-343-6"><bdi>978-1-78093-343-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Para-Militarism+to+Radical+Right-Wing+Populism%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Ukrainian+Far-Right+Party+Svoboda&rft.place=London%2FNew+York&rft.pages=249-263&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78093-343-6&rft.aulast=Shekhovtsov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmland2011" class="citation cs2">Umland, Andreas (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083516/http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle">"Ukraine's Right-Wing Politics: Is the Genie out of the Bottle?"</a>, Open Democracy Russia and Beyond, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle">the original</a> on 14 October 2017, retrieved 19 January 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Democracy+Russia+and+Beyond&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Right-Wing+Politics%3A+Is+the+Genie+out+of+the+Bottle%3F&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Umland&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fod-russia%2Fandreas-umland%2Fukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvoboda+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Svoboda%22" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda"">All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda"</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.en.svoboda.org.ua/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2012/WP602E?PT001F01=900&pf7171=71&pf7331=0">Svoboda's candidates elected at 2012 parliamentary elections</a></li> <li>(in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEdfALewiCo">Tyahnybok prevents return of Zakarpattya under the Hungarian influence</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Ukraine_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ukrainian_political_parties" title="Template:Ukrainian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ukrainian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Ukrainian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Ukraine_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="Political parties in Ukraine">Political parties in Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="List of political parties in Ukraine">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">Servant of the People</a> (240)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Solidarity" title="European Solidarity">European Solidarity</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holos_(political_party)" title="Holos (political party)">Holos</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Future_(political_party)" title="For the Future (political party)">For the Future</a> (20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platform_for_Life_and_Peace" title="Platform for Life and Peace">Platform for Life and Peace</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Politics_(Ukraine)" title="Smart Politics (Ukraine)">Smart Politics</a> (25, inside <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">SN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovira" title="Dovira">Dovira</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Ukraine" title="Restoration of Ukraine">Restoration of Ukraine</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_(parliamentary_group)" title="Justice (parliamentary group)">Justice</a> (11, inside <a href="/wiki/Holos_(political_party)" title="Holos (political party)">Holos</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties without faction status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Svoboda</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Reliance_(political_party)" title="Self Reliance (political party)">Self Reliance</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Baloha%27s_Team" title="Andriy Baloha's Team">Andriy Baloha's Team</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bila_Tserkva_Together" title="Bila Tserkva Together">Bila Tserkva Together</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties with regional representation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">Servant of the People</a> (305)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Solidarity" title="European Solidarity">European Solidarity</a> (283)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Platform_%E2%80%94_For_Life" title="Opposition Platform — For Life">Opposition Platform — For Life</a> (230)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna</a> (193)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Future_(political_party)" title="For the Future (political party)">For the Future</a> (183)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Svoboda</a> (50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernes_Bloc_%E2%80%94_Successful_Kharkiv" title="Kernes Bloc — Successful Kharkiv">Kernes Bloc — Successful Kharkiv</a> (46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Land_(Ukraine)" title="Our Land (Ukraine)">Our Land</a> (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Strategy_of_Groysman" title="Ukrainian Strategy of Groysman">Ukrainian Strategy of Groysman</a> (40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposition_(political_party)" title="Proposition (political party)">Proposition</a> (35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a> (30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Oleh_Liashko" title="Radical Party of Oleh Liashko">Radical Party</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovira" title="Dovira">Dovira</a> (22)</li> <li>Native Home (19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Cherkashchany%22" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Cherkashchany"">Cherkashchany</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliya_Svitlychna" title="Yuliya Svitlychna">Bloc Svitlychna Together!</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_and_Honor" title="Strength and Honor">Strength and Honor</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holos_(political_party)" title="Holos (political party)">Holos</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Vilkul" title="Oleksandr Vilkul">Bloc Vilkul — Ukrainian Perspective</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_of_Oleksandr_Omelchenko" title="Unity of Oleksandr Omelchenko">Unity of Oleksandr Omelchenko</a> (14)</li> <li>Symchyshyn's Team (13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Kolykhaiev" title="Ihor Kolykhaiev">We Have to Live Here!</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Agrarian Party of Ukraine">Agrarian Party</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Zakarpattia" title="Native Zakarpattia">Native Zakarpattia</a> (12)</li> <li>Trust the Deeds (11)</li> <li>Community Platform (10)</li> <li>For Tangible Solutions (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_People" title="Power of the People">Power of the People</a> (9)</li> <li>Volodymyr Buryak — United (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Reliance_(political_party)" title="Self Reliance (political party)">Self Reliance</a> (9)</li> <li>Native City (9)</li> <li>United Alternative (9)</li> <li>Party of Hungarians (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Bloc_(2019)" title="Opposition Bloc (2019)">Opposition Bloc</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Baloha%27s_Team" title="Andriy Baloha's Team">Andriy Baloha's Team</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Galician_Party" title="Ukrainian Galician Party">Ukrainian Galician Party</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_of_Ukraine" title="People's Movement of Ukraine">People's Movement of Ukraine</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Shariy" title="Party of Shariy">Party of Shariy</a> (6)</li> <li>People's Control (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Saldo_Bloc" title="Volodymyr Saldo Bloc">Volodymyr Saldo Bloc</a> (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5.10" title="5.10">5.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktsent" title="Aktsent">Aktsent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_(Ukrainian_political_party)" title="Brotherhood (Ukrainian political party)">Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(Ukraine)" title="Christian Democratic Union (Ukraine)">Christian Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Position" title="Civil Position">Civil Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscience_of_Ukraine" title="Conscience of Ukraine">Conscience of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Ukraine)" title="Democratic Alliance (Ukraine)">Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Axe" title="Democratic Axe">Democratic Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Democratic Party of Ukraine">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh#Governmental_Initiative_of_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">DIYA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Party_of_Ukraine" title="European Party of Ukraine">European Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Ukraine!" title="For Ukraine!">For Ukraine!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromada_(political_party)" title="Hromada (political party)">Hromada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Internet Party of Ukraine">Internet Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Ukraine)" title="Justice Party (Ukraine)">Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Ukraine" title="Labour Ukraine">Labour Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Liberal Party of Ukraine">Liberal Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(political_party)" title="Liberty (political party)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Defenders_Party" title="Motherland Defenders Party">Motherland Defenders Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_New_Forces" title="Movement of New Forces">Movement of New Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corps" title="National Corps">National Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Life_(party)" title="New Life (party)">New Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Politics_(Ukraine)" title="New Politics (Ukraine)">New Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Rus" title="One Rus">One Rus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Ukraine_(political_party)" title="Our Ukraine (political party)">Our Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Greens_of_Ukraine" title="Party of Greens of Ukraine">Party of Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Free_Democrats" title="Party of Free Democrats">Party of Free Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Industrialists_and_Entrepreneurs_of_Ukraine" title="Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of Ukraine">Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Pensioners_of_Ukraine" title="Party of Pensioners of Ukraine">Party of Pensioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Bloc" title="People Bloc">People Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_(Ukraine)" title="People's Democratic Party (Ukraine)">People's Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Front_(Ukraine)" title="People's Front (Ukraine)">People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Ukraine)" title="People's Party (Ukraine)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Pirate Party of Ukraine">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Party_of_Small_and_Medium-sized_Businesses_of_Ukraine" title="Political Party of Small and Medium-sized Businesses of Ukraine">Political Party of Small and Medium-sized Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reasonable_Force_(political_party)" title="Reasonable Force (political party)">Reasonable Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Christian_Party" title="Republican Christian Party">Republican Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Platform" title="Republican Platform">Republican Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_(Ukraine)" title="Revival (Ukraine)">Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Christian_Party_(Ukraine)" title="Social Christian Party (Ukraine)">Social-Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Ukraine_(united)" title="Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)">United Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_of_Women_of_Ukraine" title="Solidarity of Women of Ukraine">Solidarity of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spade_(political_party)" title="Spade (political party)">Spade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Ukraine" title="Strong Ukraine">Strong Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Ukrainian_Republic_(party)" title="Third Ukrainian Republic (party)">Third Ukrainian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-Democratic_Association_%22Ukraine%22" title="National-Democratic Association "Ukraine"">National-Democratic Association "Ukraine"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_%E2%80%93_Forward!" title="Ukraine – Forward!">Ukraine – Forward!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_is_Our_Home" title="Ukraine is Our Home">Ukraine is Our Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_United" title="Ukraine United">Ukraine United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Party" title="Ukrainian People's Party">Ukrainian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Republican_Party_(registered_in_2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Republican Party (registered in 2006)">Ukrainian Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKROP" title="UKROP">UKROP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Communists_of_Ukraine" title="Union of Communists of Ukraine">Union of Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Ukraine" title="Volt Ukraine">Volt Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Youth Party of Ukraine">Youth Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(renewed)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)">Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Workers_and_Peasants" title="Communist Party of Workers and Peasants">Communist Party of Workers and Peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Bloc_(party)" title="Russian Bloc (party)">Russian Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a></li> <li>20 March 2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derzhava_(Ukrainian_party)" title="Derzhava (Ukrainian party)">Derzhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Opposition_(Ukraine)" title="Left Opposition (Ukraine)">Left Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashi_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashi (political party)">Nashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Bloc_(2019)" title="Opposition Bloc (2019)">Opposition Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Platform_%E2%80%94_For_Life" title="Opposition Platform — For Life">Opposition Platform — For Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Shariy" title="Party of Shariy">Party of Shariy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine">Progressive Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Socialist Party of Ukraine">Socialist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists_(Ukraine)" title="Socialists (Ukraine)">Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Left_Forces" title="Union of Left Forces">Union of Left Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Saldo_Bloc" title="Volodymyr Saldo Bloc">Volodymyr Saldo Bloc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Ukraine_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Workers Party of Ukraine (Marxist–Leninist)">Workers Party of Ukraine (Marxist–Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Local_political_parties_in_Kyiv" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kyiv_local_political_parties" title="Template:Kyiv local political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kyiv_local_political_parties" title="Template talk:Kyiv local political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kyiv_local_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kyiv local political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Local_political_parties_in_Kyiv" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Local political parties in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties elected into the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council" title="Kyiv City Council">City Council</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Kyiv_local_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Kyiv local election">2015 Kyiv local election</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Petro_Poroshenko_Bloc)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity (Petro Poroshenko Bloc)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Reliance_(political_party)" title="Self Reliance (political party)">Self Reliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Fatherland%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"">Fatherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Svoboda (party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity (Ukraine)">Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euromaidan" title="Template:Euromaidan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euromaidan" title="Template talk:Euromaidan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euromaidan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euromaidan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div>21 November 2013 – 23 February 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Euromaidan" title="Timeline of the Euromaidan">Timeline of the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Euromaidan" title="Domestic responses to the Euromaidan">Domestic responses to the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Euromaidan" title="International reactions to the Euromaidan">International reactions to the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_during_the_2013%E2%80%932014_Ukraine_crisis" title="Casualties during the 2013–2014 Ukraine crisis">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_casualties" title="Maidan casualties">Heavenly Hundred</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Heavenly_Hundred_Heroes" title="Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes">Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Damaged communist monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_EU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/89px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/134px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/178px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="798" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_December_2013_Euromaidan_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots">1 December 2013 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin_monument,_Kyiv" title="Vladimir Lenin monument, Kyiv">Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_December_2013_Euromaidan_assault" title="11 December 2013 Euromaidan assault">11 December 2013 assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_December_2013_Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_action_plan" title="17 December 2013 Russian–Ukrainian action plan">Ukrainian–Russian action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">Anti-Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_terrorists_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasylkiv terrorists case">Vasylkiv terrorists case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-protest_laws_in_Ukraine" title="Anti-protest laws in Ukraine">Anti-protest laws in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hrushevskoho_Street_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots">2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Euromaidan_regional_state_administration_occupations" title="2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations">2014 RSA occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">First Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustration_in_Ukraine" title="Lustration in Ukraine">Lustration in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">2014 Ukrainian presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2014 Ukrainian local elections">2014 Ukrainian local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kyiv_local_election" title="2014 Kyiv local election">2014 Kyiv local election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">2014 Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Maidan Nezalezhnosti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhyhirya_Residence" title="Mezhyhirya Residence">Mezhyhirya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khreshchatyk" title="Khreshchatyk">Khreshchatyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lypky" title="Lypky">Lypky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankova_Street" title="Bankova Street">Bankova Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Square_(Kyiv)" title="European Square (Kyiv)">European Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrushevsky_Street_(Kyiv)" title="Hrushevsky Street (Kyiv)">Hrushevskoho Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Lobanovskyi_Dynamo_Stadium" title="Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium">Dynamo Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council" title="Kyiv City Council">Kyiv City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Unions_Building_(Kyiv)" title="Trade Unions Building (Kyiv)">Trade Unions Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_House" title="Ukrainian House">Ukrainian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariinskyi_Park" title="Mariinskyi Park">Mariinskyi Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Palace" title="October Palace">October Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Conservatory">Kyiv Conservatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">European integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Protest figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_People%27s_Union" title="Maidan People's Union">Maidan People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> opposition parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Ukraine)" title="Democratic Alliance (Ukraine)">Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Assembly_%E2%80%93_Ukrainian_People%27s_Self-Defence" title="Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence">UNA–UNSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Ukraine)#United_Left_and_Peasants" title="Justice Party (Ukraine)">United Left and Peasants</a></li></ul></li> <li>Civic organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automaidan" title="Automaidan">Automaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Control" title="Road Control">Road Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidsich" title="Vidsich">Vidsich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li>Militant groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilna_Sprava" title="Spilna Sprava">Spilna Sprava</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Sadovyi" title="Andriy Sadovyi">Andriy Sadovyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslana" title="Ruslana">Ruslana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetiana_Chornovol" title="Tetiana Chornovol">Tetiana Chornovol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Bulatov" title="Dmytro Bulatov">Dmytro Bulatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Anti-protest figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Azarov_government" title="Second Azarov government">Second Azarov government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Ukraine" title="Internal Troops of Ukraine">Internal Troops of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya_(Ukraine)" title="Militsiya (Ukraine)">Militsiya (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titushky" title="Titushky">Titushky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimaidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimaidan">Antimaidan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Zakharchenko" title="Vitaliy Zakharchenko">Vitaliy Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Yefremov" title="Oleksandr Yefremov">Oleksandr Yefremov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Klyuyev" title="Andriy Klyuyev">Andriy Klyuyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy Kernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Dobkin" title="Mykhailo Dobkin">Mykhailo Dobkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pshonka" title="Viktor Pshonka">Viktor Pshonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Lukash" title="Olena Lukash">Olena Lukash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Boyko" title="Yuriy Boyko">Yuriy Boyko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kozhara" title="Leonid Kozhara">Leonid Kozhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Tabachnyk" title="Dmytro Tabachnyk">Dmytro Tabachnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Klymenko_(politician)" title="Oleksandr Klymenko (politician)">Oleksandr Klymenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template talk:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_units_in_the_2014_Crimean_crisis" title="List of military units in the 2014 Crimean crisis">List of military units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis">List of sanctioned individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_that_applied_sanctions_during_the_Crimean_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies that applied sanctions during the Crimean crisis">List of companies that applied sanctions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_of_Russian_intelligentsia_to_the_2014_annexation_of_Crimea" title="Reaction of Russian intelligentsia to the 2014 annexation of Crimea">Reaction of Russian intelligentsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Constitution of the Republic of Crimea">2014 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Environmental impact of the Russian occupation of Crimea">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">Medal "For the Return of Crimea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Capture of the Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Capture of Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">1783 annexation by Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">1921–1945 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">1945–1991 Crimean Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">1954 transfer of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Crimean_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 Crimean ASSR">1991–1992 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(1992_to_1995)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)">Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 constitution of Crimea">1992 constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea (since 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">1994–1995 President of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Meshkov" title="Yuriy Meshkov">Yuriy Meshkov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">1994 Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">1997 Partition Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Constitution of Crimea">1998 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_anti-NATO_protests_in_Feodosia" title="2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia">2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">2010 Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine#Bill_"On_the_principles_of_the_State_language_policy"" title="Language policy in Ukraine">2012 law on languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">2013–2014 Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_G7_summit" title="40th G7 summit">40th G7 summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol_International_Airport" title="Simferopol International Airport">Simferopol Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_International_Airport" title="Sevastopol International Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donuzlav" title="Donuzlav">Donuzlav</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Ochakov" title="Russian cruiser Ochakov">Ochakov</a> scuttling</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armiansk" title="Armiansk">Armiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhankoi" title="Dzhankoi">Dzhankoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonhar" title="Chonhar">Chonhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Krym" title="Port Krym">Port Krym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strilkove" title="Strilkove">Strilkove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novofedorivka" title="Novofedorivka">Novofedorivka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Council of Ministers of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_City_Council" title="Sevastopol City Council">Sevastopol City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">Russian Airborne Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Russia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoigu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoigu">Sergey Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sergun" title="Igor Sergun">Igor Sergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vitko" title="Aleksandr Vitko">Aleksandr Vitko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Belaventsev" title="Oleg Belaventsev">Oleg Belaventsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Minnikhanov" title="Rustam Minnikhanov">Rustam Minnikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Temirgaliev" title="Rustam Temirgaliev">Rustam Temirgaliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Berezovsky" title="Denis Berezovsky">Denis Berezovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yeliseyev_(admiral)" title="Sergei Yeliseyev (admiral)">Sergei Yeliseyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chaly" title="Aleksei Chaly">Aleksei Chaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Besler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Fatherland%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Navy" title="Ukrainian Navy">Ukrainian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Ukraine)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Hayduk" title="Serhiy Hayduk">Serhiy Hayduk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lmi_%C3%9Cmerov" title="İlmi Ümerov">İlmi Ümerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtem_Chiygoz" title="Ahtem Chiygoz">Ahtem Chiygoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kunitsyn" title="Serhiy Kunitsyn">Serhiy Kunitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliy_Mamchur" title="Yuliy Mamchur">Yuliy Mamchur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/169013202">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011040713">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&oldid=1259437898">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svoboda_(political_party)&oldid=1259437898</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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