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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Russian Foreign Policy</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">23,731 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Russian Foreign Policy</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Russian_Foreign_Policy">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41921583" data-work_id="41921583" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41921583/Russian_Ukrainian_Gas_Transit_Deal_A_Collapse_of_Putin_s_Gas_Strategy_or_a_Temporary_Retreat_Part_Two_">Russian-Ukrainian Gas Transit Deal: A Collapse of Putin’s Gas Strategy or a Temporary Retreat? (Part Two)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Even though Russia will most likely remain the largest gas exporter to Europe for the foreseeable future, it is clear that Gazprom can no longer retain its monopoly over much of the European gas market that had heretofore allowed it to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41921583" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Even though Russia will most likely remain the largest gas exporter to Europe for the foreseeable future, it is clear that Gazprom can no longer retain its monopoly over much of the European gas market that had heretofore allowed it to impose its will and dictate terms to Central and Eastern European customers. With the cost of the Nord Stream Two and TurkStream projects totaling almost $20 billion, it also remains questionable whether Putin’s current gas strategies will ever prove profitable for Russia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41921583" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="915bbc9b5aadfa3e794e7ba9b564c3ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62046542,"asset_id":41921583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62046542/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6781337" href="https://jamestown.academia.edu/AllaHurska">Alla Hurska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6781337" type="text/json">{"id":6781337,"first_name":"Alla","last_name":"Hurska","domain_name":"jamestown","page_name":"AllaHurska","display_name":"Alla Hurska","profile_url":"https://jamestown.academia.edu/AllaHurska?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6781337/2734838/40571845/s65_alla.hurska.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41921583 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41921583"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41921583, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41921583", }); 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73923646/The_Gulf_crisis_has_lessons_for_Vladimir_Putin_Not_all_may_work_in_his_favour">The Gulf crisis has lessons for Vladimir Putin. Not all may work in his favour</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Short of the war, the destruction, and the massive loss of life, Ukraine is in many ways similar to the Gulf crisis in which the UAE, together with Saudi Arabia, led a 3.5-year-long economic and diplomatic boycott of Qatar that, like the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73923646" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Short of the war, the destruction, and the massive loss of life, Ukraine is in many ways similar to the Gulf crisis in which the UAE, together with Saudi Arabia, led a 3.5-year-long economic and diplomatic boycott of Qatar that, like the Russian invasion, was designed to hollow out the sovereignty of a neighbouring state.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73923646" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da36bb996b193908699c8133c3f6eb10" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82263395,"asset_id":73923646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82263395/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="106017" href="https://nanyang.academia.edu/JamesMDorsey">James M. 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Po 2014 r. politykę tę charakteryzuje klasyczny dylemat... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81448828" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Celem niniejszego opracowania jest poszerzenie wiedzy na temat uwarunkowań, priorytetów i efektywności polskiej polityki zagranicznej prowadzonej wobec Federacji Rosyjskiej. Po 2014 r. politykę tę charakteryzuje klasyczny dylemat bezpieczeństwa, w którym kontynuacja agresywnej polityki Rosji na Ukrainie wywoływała potrzebę zwiększenia potencjału obronnego państwa polskiego. Aneksja Krymu przez Federację Rosyjską w marcu 2014 r. przyczyniła się do zmian w polskiej polityce bezpieczeństwa, polityce gospodarczej (w tym w energetyce) oraz w zakresie kontaktów społecznych ukierunkowanych na ograniczenie relacji z Rosją.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81448828" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71a59be954078740d8a26cc858bcc5ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87488202,"asset_id":81448828,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87488202/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3356282" href="https://vistula.academia.edu/LeguckaAgnieszka">Legucka Agnieszka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3356282" type="text/json">{"id":3356282,"first_name":"Legucka","last_name":"Agnieszka","domain_name":"vistula","page_name":"LeguckaAgnieszka","display_name":"Legucka Agnieszka","profile_url":"https://vistula.academia.edu/LeguckaAgnieszka?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3356282/1125673/14109989/s65_legucka.agnieszka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81448828 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81448828"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81448828, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81448828", }); 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Po 2014 r. politykę tę charakteryzuje klasyczny dylemat bezpieczeństwa, w którym kontynuacja agresywnej polityki Rosji na Ukrainie wywoływała potrzebę zwiększenia potencjału obronnego państwa polskiego. Aneksja Krymu przez Federację Rosyjską w marcu 2014 r. przyczyniła się do zmian w polskiej polityce bezpieczeństwa, polityce gospodarczej (w tym w energetyce) oraz w zakresie kontaktów społecznych ukierunkowanych na ograniczenie relacji z Rosją.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87488202,"asset_id":81448828,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3356282,"first_name":"Legucka","last_name":"Agnieszka","domain_name":"vistula","page_name":"LeguckaAgnieszka","display_name":"Legucka Agnieszka","profile_url":"https://vistula.academia.edu/LeguckaAgnieszka?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3356282/1125673/14109989/s65_legucka.agnieszka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25830356" data-work_id="25830356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25830356/Avoiding_a_New_Cold_War_The_Future_of_EU_Russia_Relations_in_the_Context_of_the_Ukraine_Crisis">Avoiding a New 'Cold War' The Future of EU-Russia Relations in the Context of the Ukraine Crisis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25830356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="379481" href="https://lborolondon.academia.edu/CristianNitoiu">Cristian Nitoiu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="379481" type="text/json">{"id":379481,"first_name":"Cristian","last_name":"Nitoiu","domain_name":"lborolondon","page_name":"CristianNitoiu","display_name":"Cristian Nitoiu","profile_url":"https://lborolondon.academia.edu/CristianNitoiu?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/379481/117637/8854838/s65_cristian.nitoiu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25830356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25830356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25830356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25830356", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25830356 InlineList-item 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European 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Nitoiu","profile_url":"https://lborolondon.academia.edu/CristianNitoiu?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/379481/117637/8854838/s65_cristian.nitoiu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":5214,"name":"Cold War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War?f_ri=7669"},{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":8539,"name":"Eurasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":8699,"name":"European Neighbourhood Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Neighbourhood_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":10311,"name":"European Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=7669"},{"id":33368,"name":"Eurasianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasianism?f_ri=7669"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4332824" data-work_id="4332824" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4332824/_Baha_u_llah_s_Bish%C4%81r%C4%81t_Glad_Tidings_A_Proclamation_to_Scholars_and_Statesmen_2010_">“Baha’u’llah’s Bishārāt (Glad-Tidings): A Proclamation to Scholars and Statesmen” (2010)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Baha’u’llah’s Bishārāt (Glad-Tidings): A Proclamation to Scholars and Statesmen Christopher Buck and Youli A. Ioannesyan Baha’i Studies Review 16 (2010): 3–28. This article is a historical and textual study of the one of the major... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4332824" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Baha’u’llah’s Bishārāt (Glad-Tidings):<br />A Proclamation to Scholars and Statesmen<br />Christopher Buck and Youli A. Ioannesyan<br />Baha’i Studies Review 16 (2010): 3–28. <br /><br />This article is a historical and textual study of the one of the major writings of Baha’u’llah: the Lawḥ-i Bishārāt (‘Tablet of Glad-Tidings’), revealed circa 1891, and advances new theories as to its provenance and purpose. The ‘Tablet of Glad-Tidings’ is a selective compendium of Baha’u’llah’s laws and principles, sequentially presented in a series of fifteen ‘Glad-Tidings.’ As the Arabic term, bishārāt, suggests, these ‘Glad-Tidings’ were a public announcement of some of the essential teachings of the new Baha’i religion. The ‘Glad-Tidings’ is the most extensive of several ‘Tablets’ by Baha’u’llah that present key teachings in a numbered structure. The Glad-Tidings may, in part, be regarded as serially articulated ‘world reforms’ intermixed with religious reforms emanating from Baha’u’llah in his professed role as ‘World Reformer.’ The ‘Glad-Tidings’ also functioned analogously (albeit anachronistically) to a press release, serving not only as a public proclamation, but to rectify the inaccuracies and gross misrepresentations that had previously circulated in print. Intended for widespread translation and publication, the Glad-Tidings was sent to scholars — notably Russian orientalist, Baron Viktor Rosen (1849–1908) and Cambridge Orientalist, Edward Granville Browne (1862–1926) — and possibly pre-revolutionary Russian statesmen as well. As a ‘Proclamatory Aqdas,’ the Tablet of Glad-Tidings was part of a much broader proclamation by Baha’u’llah, who proclaimed his mission to the political and religious leaders of the world. This study will argue that the Baha’u’llah may have revealed the Tablet of Glad-Tidings for E.G. Browne — or rather through him, since Baha’u’llah evidently intended that Browne should translate and publish the Bishārāt in order to make the nature of the Baha'i teachings more widely known. This would then correct the distortions that had previously been published regarding Baha’u’llah's purpose and the nature of the religion that he founded, thereby, promoting a public awareness that a new world religion was on the horizon of modernity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4332824" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="94a228ce67b171392893ea69ea137954" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31784426,"asset_id":4332824,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31784426/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="184507" href="https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChristopherBuck">Christopher Buck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="184507" type="text/json">{"id":184507,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Buck","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"ChristopherBuck","display_name":"Christopher Buck","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChristopherBuck?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184507/1953985/8181236/s65_christopher.buck.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4332824 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4332824"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4332824, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4332824", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4332824]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4332824").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4332824").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4332824"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">39</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements">New Religious Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120" type="text/json">{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4332824]'), work: {"id":4332824,"title":"“Baha’u’llah’s Bishārāt (Glad-Tidings): A Proclamation to Scholars and Statesmen” (2010)","created_at":"2013-08-26T11:12:03.118-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4332824/_Baha_u_llah_s_Bish%C4%81r%C4%81t_Glad_Tidings_A_Proclamation_to_Scholars_and_Statesmen_2010_?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_4332824","summary":"Baha’u’llah’s Bishārāt (Glad-Tidings):\nA Proclamation to Scholars and Statesmen\nChristopher Buck and Youli A. Ioannesyan\nBaha’i Studies Review 16 (2010): 3–28. \n\nThis article is a historical and textual study of the one of the major writings of Baha’u’llah: the Lawḥ-i Bishārāt (‘Tablet of Glad-Tidings’), revealed circa 1891, and advances new theories as to its provenance and purpose. The ‘Tablet of Glad-Tidings’ is a selective compendium of Baha’u’llah’s laws and principles, sequentially presented in a series of fifteen ‘Glad-Tidings.’ As the Arabic term, bishārāt, suggests, these ‘Glad-Tidings’ were a public announcement of some of the essential teachings of the new Baha’i religion. The ‘Glad-Tidings’ is the most extensive of several ‘Tablets’ by Baha’u’llah that present key teachings in a numbered structure. The Glad-Tidings may, in part, be regarded as serially articulated ‘world reforms’ intermixed with religious reforms emanating from Baha’u’llah in his professed role as ‘World Reformer.’ The ‘Glad-Tidings’ also functioned analogously (albeit anachronistically) to a press release, serving not only as a public proclamation, but to rectify the inaccuracies and gross misrepresentations that had previously circulated in print. Intended for widespread translation and publication, the Glad-Tidings was sent to scholars — notably Russian orientalist, Baron Viktor Rosen (1849–1908) and Cambridge Orientalist, Edward Granville Browne (1862–1926) — and possibly pre-revolutionary Russian statesmen as well. As a ‘Proclamatory Aqdas,’ the Tablet of Glad-Tidings was part of a much broader proclamation by Baha’u’llah, who proclaimed his mission to the political and religious leaders of the world. This study will argue that the Baha’u’llah may have revealed the Tablet of Glad-Tidings for E.G. Browne — or rather through him, since Baha’u’llah evidently intended that Browne should translate and publish the Bishārāt in order to make the nature of the Baha'i teachings more widely known. This would then correct the distortions that had previously been published regarding Baha’u’llah's purpose and the nature of the religion that he founded, thereby, promoting a public awareness that a new world religion was on the horizon of modernity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31784426,"asset_id":4332824,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":184507,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Buck","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"ChristopherBuck","display_name":"Christopher Buck","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChristopherBuck?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184507/1953985/8181236/s65_christopher.buck.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=7669"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":2326,"name":"Nineteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=7669"},{"id":3348,"name":"Baha'i studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bahai_studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":6394,"name":"Religious Pluralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Pluralism?f_ri=7669"},{"id":6579,"name":"Cosmopolitanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmopolitanism?f_ri=7669"},{"id":7093,"name":"New Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religions?f_ri=7669"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":12809,"name":"Middle Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=7669"},{"id":16555,"name":"Iranian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_History?f_ri=7669"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":19861,"name":"Russian Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Language?f_ri=7669"},{"id":22433,"name":"Imperial Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperial_Russia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":22971,"name":"Russian Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Intellectual_History?f_ri=7669"},{"id":25719,"name":"Religious History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_History?f_ri=7669"},{"id":38097,"name":"Interfaith Dialogue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interfaith_Dialogue?f_ri=7669"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":47174,"name":"World Peace through Similarities between Different Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Peace_through_Similarities_between_Different_Religions?f_ri=7669"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=7669"},{"id":55112,"name":"Oriental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oriental_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":61781,"name":"Orientalism and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism_and_Religion?f_ri=7669"},{"id":79730,"name":"Globalization and New World Order","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_and_New_World_Order?f_ri=7669"},{"id":115341,"name":"Peacemaking and Interfaith Dialogue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacemaking_and_Interfaith_Dialogue?f_ri=7669"},{"id":264310,"name":"World Peace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Peace?f_ri=7669"},{"id":502989,"name":"Baha'i Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bahai_Faith-1?f_ri=7669"},{"id":540217,"name":"Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmopolitanism_and_Nationalism?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1376872,"name":"Religious Reform Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Reform_Movements?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25226884 coauthored" data-work_id="25226884" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25226884/Fog_of_Falsehood_Russian_Strategy_of_Deception_and_the_Conflict_in_Ukraine">Fog of Falsehood. Russian Strategy of Deception and the Conflict in Ukraine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This report analyses Russian propaganda and disinformation – here collectively called strategic deception – concerning the conflict in Ukraine. The strategic deception is not exclusively a Russian term, but it does capture what we think... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25226884" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This report analyses Russian propaganda and disinformation – here collectively called strategic deception – concerning the conflict in Ukraine. The strategic deception is not exclusively a Russian term, but it does capture what we think is an essential feature of the current Russian foreign and security policy. It is driven by attempts to put the adversary into a defensive posture and off balance, and thus, to create conditions for surprise.<br />The methods utilized in contemporary Russian strategic deception are partly the same that were already used in Soviet propaganda. But where Soviet propaganda was anchored in ideological truth claims, the contemporary Russian variant can be compared to a kaleidoscope: a light piercing through it is instantly transformed into multiple versions of reality.<br />The main purpose of this report is to examine in detail the emergence and evolution of Russian metanarratives and the terms of distraction about the conflict in Ukraine, and on the basis of this analysis to ascertain the main policy objectives of Russian strategic deception inside Russia and in selected countries of the European Union.<br />It is concluded that the best defence against strategic deception is well-grounded, fact-based knowledge and the willingness to invest into gathering it. No fog of falsehood is able to penetrate the solid walls of well-grounded knowledge and firm commitment to one’s values.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25226884" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="390d9df77f10422d179158fe94f808a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46246623,"asset_id":25226884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46246623/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="671929" href="https://dgap.academia.edu/AndrasRacz">Andras Racz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="671929" type="text/json">{"id":671929,"first_name":"Andras","last_name":"Racz","domain_name":"dgap","page_name":"AndrasRacz","display_name":"Andras Racz","profile_url":"https://dgap.academia.edu/AndrasRacz?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/671929/4123423/11340737/s65_andras.racz.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25226884">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25226884"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/WitoldRodkiewicz">Witold Rodkiewicz</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/Bart%C5%82omiejGajos">Bartłomiej Gajos</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KatriPynn%C3%B6niemi">Katri Pynnöniemi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25226884'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25226884').html(); 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Russian Strategy of Deception and the Conflict in Ukraine","created_at":"2016-05-11T03:59:32.144-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25226884/Fog_of_Falsehood_Russian_Strategy_of_Deception_and_the_Conflict_in_Ukraine?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_25226884","summary":"This report analyses Russian propaganda and disinformation – here collectively called strategic deception – concerning the conflict in Ukraine. The strategic deception is not exclusively a Russian term, but it does capture what we think is an essential feature of the current Russian foreign and security policy. It is driven by attempts to put the adversary into a defensive posture and off balance, and thus, to create conditions for surprise.\nThe methods utilized in contemporary Russian strategic deception are partly the same that were already used in Soviet propaganda. But where Soviet propaganda was anchored in ideological truth claims, the contemporary Russian variant can be compared to a kaleidoscope: a light piercing through it is instantly transformed into multiple versions of reality.\nThe main purpose of this report is to examine in detail the emergence and evolution of Russian metanarratives and the terms of distraction about the conflict in Ukraine, and on the basis of this analysis to ascertain the main policy objectives of Russian strategic deception inside Russia and in selected countries of the European Union.\nIt is concluded that the best defence against strategic deception is well-grounded, fact-based knowledge and the willingness to invest into gathering it. No fog of falsehood is able to penetrate the solid walls of well-grounded knowledge and firm commitment to one’s values.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46246623,"asset_id":25226884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":671929,"first_name":"Andras","last_name":"Racz","domain_name":"dgap","page_name":"AndrasRacz","display_name":"Andras Racz","profile_url":"https://dgap.academia.edu/AndrasRacz?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/671929/4123423/11340737/s65_andras.racz.jpg"},{"id":43256126,"first_name":"Witold","last_name":"Rodkiewicz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WitoldRodkiewicz","display_name":"Witold Rodkiewicz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WitoldRodkiewicz?f_ri=7669","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39205689,"first_name":"Bartłomiej","last_name":"Gajos","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"BartłomiejGajos","display_name":"Bartłomiej Gajos","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/Bart%C5%82omiejGajos?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39205689/14400310/119253201/s65_bart_omiej.gajos.jpg"},{"id":1768015,"first_name":"Katri","last_name":"Pynnöniemi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KatriPynnöniemi","display_name":"Katri Pynnöniemi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KatriPynn%C3%B6niemi?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1768015/14801791/18687458/s65_katri.pynn_niemi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":9218,"name":"Strategic Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Communication?f_ri=7669"},{"id":27728,"name":"Politics of Ukraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Ukraine?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6005353" data-work_id="6005353" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6005353/Slovakia_s_Eastern_policy_from_the_Trojan_horse_of_Russia_to_Eastern_multivectoralism_full_text_">Slovakia’s Eastern policy – from the Trojan horse of Russia to “Eastern multivectoralism” (full text)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Slovakia’s relations with the states of Eastern Europe not only have a bilateral impact, but contain geopolitical, security and economic dimensions as well. This article analyzes the domestic, bilateral and multilateral aspects of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6005353" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Slovakia’s relations with the states of Eastern Europe not only have a bilateral impact, but contain geopolitical, security and economic dimensions as well. This article analyzes the domestic, bilateral and multilateral aspects of relations between Slovakia and Russia before and after the parliamentary elections of 1998, when Slovakia adopted a pro-Western course aimed at EU and NATO membership. The article also focuses on bilateral relations with Ukraine, where Slovakia is among the most active supporters of Ukraine’s future EU membership. The final sections analyze the Eastern policy of Slovakia – particularly within the framework of the EU’s Eastern Partnership and the Visegrad Group – as well as Slovakia’s relations with the new Eastern European partners, such as Belarus, Moldova and Georgia, as target countries of Slovakia’s “soft power.”</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6005353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a6e10abba97d9a4243c3d4872ec8b5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33823576,"asset_id":6005353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33823576/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1906843" href="https://sav-sk.academia.edu/JurajMaru%C5%A1iak">Juraj Marušiak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1906843" type="text/json">{"id":1906843,"first_name":"Juraj","last_name":"Marušiak","domain_name":"sav-sk","page_name":"JurajMarušiak","display_name":"Juraj Marušiak","profile_url":"https://sav-sk.academia.edu/JurajMaru%C5%A1iak?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1906843/644741/799416/s65_juraj.maru_iak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6005353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6005353"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6005353, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6005353", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6005353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6005353; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6005353"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6005353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6005353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6005353; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6005353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6005353").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6005353").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6005353"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">36</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies">Eastern European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382" type="text/json">{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1199" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Europe">Eastern Europe</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1199" type="text/json">{"id":1199,"name":"Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6005353]'), work: {"id":6005353,"title":"Slovakia’s Eastern policy – from the Trojan horse of Russia to “Eastern multivectoralism” (full text)","created_at":"2014-02-09T02:28:25.366-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6005353/Slovakia_s_Eastern_policy_from_the_Trojan_horse_of_Russia_to_Eastern_multivectoralism_full_text_?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_6005353","summary":"Slovakia’s relations with the states of Eastern Europe not only have a bilateral impact, but contain geopolitical, security and economic dimensions as well. This article analyzes the domestic, bilateral and multilateral aspects of relations between Slovakia and Russia before and after the parliamentary elections of 1998, when Slovakia adopted a pro-Western course aimed at EU and NATO membership. The article also focuses on bilateral relations with Ukraine, where Slovakia is among the most active supporters of Ukraine’s future EU membership. The final sections analyze the Eastern policy of Slovakia – particularly within the framework of the EU’s Eastern Partnership and the Visegrad Group – as well as Slovakia’s relations with the new Eastern European partners, such as Belarus, Moldova and Georgia, as target countries of Slovakia’s “soft power.”","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33823576,"asset_id":6005353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1906843,"first_name":"Juraj","last_name":"Marušiak","domain_name":"sav-sk","page_name":"JurajMarušiak","display_name":"Juraj Marušiak","profile_url":"https://sav-sk.academia.edu/JurajMaru%C5%A1iak?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1906843/644741/799416/s65_juraj.maru_iak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":1199,"name":"Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=7669"},{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":6179,"name":"Central Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":8699,"name":"European Neighbourhood Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Neighbourhood_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":9941,"name":"Czech \u0026 Slovak Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Czech_and_Slovak_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=7669"},{"id":12393,"name":"Eastern Partnership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Partnership?f_ri=7669"},{"id":18552,"name":"Europeanization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europeanization?f_ri=7669"},{"id":20998,"name":"Central European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_European_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":25516,"name":"Postcommunist studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcommunist_studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":27729,"name":"Politics of Moldova","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Moldova?f_ri=7669"},{"id":36490,"name":"Europeanisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europeanisation?f_ri=7669"},{"id":37597,"name":"Moldova","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moldova?f_ri=7669"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":44393,"name":"Postcommunism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcommunism?f_ri=7669"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":46635,"name":"Central and East European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_East_European_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":52236,"name":"Foreign Policy of Ukraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_of_Ukraine?f_ri=7669"},{"id":62260,"name":"EU-Russia relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU-Russia_relations?f_ri=7669"},{"id":70763,"name":"EU institutions, EU foreign policy, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova, securitization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_institutions_EU_foreign_policy_Russia_Ukraine_Belarus_and_Moldova_securitization?f_ri=7669"},{"id":154017,"name":"European Union, European Foreign Policy, European Neighbourhood Policy, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, Union for the Mediterranean, Eastern Partnership, Foreign Policy Analysis, Principal-Agent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_European_Foreign_Policy_European_Neighbourhood_Policy_Euro-Mediterranean_Partnersh?f_ri=7669"},{"id":206360,"name":"Visegrad Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visegrad_Group?f_ri=7669"},{"id":255194,"name":"Democratic Transitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Transitions?f_ri=7669"},{"id":314739,"name":"Slovakia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slovakia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":315343,"name":"Central and Southeast Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Southeast_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":422792,"name":"Slovakia politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slovakia_politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":853356,"name":"slovakian politics SMER-SD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/slovakian_politics_SMER-SD?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1138152,"name":"Visegrad Group States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visegrad_Group_States?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1186656,"name":"Transition in Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transition_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1270753,"name":"Politics of Slovakia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Slovakia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1281300,"name":"Ukraine Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukraine_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14169122" data-work_id="14169122" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14169122/The_New_Global_Politics_of_the_Asia_Pacific_Conflict_and_Cooperation_in_the_Asian_Century_">The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century,</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, 3rd Edition ©2017 Routledge: London & New York. 341pp. + x. Link:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14169122" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, 3rd Edition <br />©2017 Routledge: London & New York. 341pp. + x. Link: <a href="https://www.routledge.com/The-New-Global-Politics-of-the-Asia-Pacific-Conflict-and-Cooperation-in/Connors-Davison-Dosch/p/book/9781138647022" rel="nofollow">https://www.routledge.com/The-New-Global-Politics-of-the-Asia-Pacific-Conflict-and-Cooperation-in/Connors-Davison-Dosch/p/book/9781138647022</a> <br /> <br />Now in its new and fully updated third edition, The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific continues to provide a compelling analysis of a region undergoing dramatic changes. Based on new research and offering fresh interpretation, this edition evaluates the prospects for continuing US dominance in the ‘Asian Century’. Whilst presenting evidence for a multifaceted ‘Beijing Strategy’, which aims to counter the US by building an alternative regional order, it also explains Japan’s definitive departure from its limited military role. Key content includes: <br />- Intra-regional conflicts in the South China Sea and the Korean peninsula, <br />- The different responses within the Asia Pacific to globalisation and western ideas of democracy and political economy, <br />- The underappreciated success of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in building a regional identity <br />- The European Union’s soft power in the region. <br />A highly topical account, which offers an overview of the main actors, institutions and contemporary issues in the Asia Pacific, the book will be essential reading for students of Asian Studies, International Politics, and anyone interested in the region. <br /> <br />Michael K. Connors teaches at the University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus and is a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University. He is the co-editor of Thai Politics in Translation: Monarchy, Democracy, Constitution (forthcoming). <br />Remy Davison holds the Jean Monnet Chair in Politics and Economics at Monash University. He is the author of The Political Economy of Single Market Europe (2011). <br />Jörn Dosch is Professor of International Politics and Development Cooperation at the University of Rostock, Germany, and Adjunct Professor at Monash University Malaysia. His recent publications include Malaysia Post-Mahathir: A Decade of Change (2015).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14169122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a044d2535a02ecf807cbf7b546e06c19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54614659,"asset_id":14169122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54614659/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25446206" href="https://monash.academia.edu/RemyDavison">Remy Davison</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25446206" type="text/json">{"id":25446206,"first_name":"Remy","last_name":"Davison","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"RemyDavison","display_name":"Remy Davison","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/RemyDavison?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25446206/6949472/7871623/s65_remy.davison.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14169122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14169122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14169122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14169122", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14169122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14169122").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14169122").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14169122"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="380" type="text/json">{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="387" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies">Japanese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="387" type="text/json">{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14169122]'), work: {"id":14169122,"title":"The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century,","created_at":"2015-07-18T01:41:49.955-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14169122/The_New_Global_Politics_of_the_Asia_Pacific_Conflict_and_Cooperation_in_the_Asian_Century_?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_14169122","summary":"The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, 3rd Edition\r\n©2017 Routledge: London \u0026 New York. 341pp. + x. Link: https://www.routledge.com/The-New-Global-Politics-of-the-Asia-Pacific-Conflict-and-Cooperation-in/Connors-Davison-Dosch/p/book/9781138647022\r\n\r\nNow in its new and fully updated third edition, The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific continues to provide a compelling analysis of a region undergoing dramatic changes. Based on new research and offering fresh interpretation, this edition evaluates the prospects for continuing US dominance in the ‘Asian Century’. Whilst presenting evidence for a multifaceted ‘Beijing Strategy’, which aims to counter the US by building an alternative regional order, it also explains Japan’s definitive departure from its limited military role. Key content includes: \r\n-\tIntra-regional conflicts in the South China Sea and the Korean peninsula,\r\n-\tThe different responses within the Asia Pacific to globalisation and western ideas of democracy and political economy,\r\n-\tThe underappreciated success of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in building a regional identity\r\n-\tThe European Union’s soft power in the region.\r\nA highly topical account, which offers an overview of the main actors, institutions and contemporary issues in the Asia Pacific, the book will be essential reading for students of Asian Studies, International Politics, and anyone interested in the region.\r\n\r\nMichael K. Connors teaches at the University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus and is a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University. He is the co-editor of Thai Politics in Translation: Monarchy, Democracy, Constitution (forthcoming). \r\nRemy Davison holds the Jean Monnet Chair in Politics and Economics at Monash University. He is the author of The Political Economy of Single Market Europe (2011).\r\nJörn Dosch is Professor of International Politics and Development Cooperation at the University of Rostock, Germany, and Adjunct Professor at Monash University Malaysia. His recent publications include Malaysia Post-Mahathir: A Decade of Change (2015).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54614659,"asset_id":14169122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25446206,"first_name":"Remy","last_name":"Davison","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"RemyDavison","display_name":"Remy Davison","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/RemyDavison?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25446206/6949472/7871623/s65_remy.davison.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":3902,"name":"Korean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Korean_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":4179,"name":"South Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea?f_ri=7669"},{"id":4707,"name":"Indonesian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesian_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":8223,"name":"East Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":8225,"name":"Taiwan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taiwan_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":9379,"name":"Asia Pacific Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia_Pacific_Region?f_ri=7669"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=7669"},{"id":12787,"name":"Chinese foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_foreign_policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=7669"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":24550,"name":"Contemporary China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_China?f_ri=7669"},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=7669"},{"id":50550,"name":"United States Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":60924,"name":"Indian foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_foreign_policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":75328,"name":"Japanese Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":183140,"name":"ASEAN Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":309620,"name":"Asean Economic Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asean_Economic_Community?f_ri=7669"},{"id":430717,"name":"The South China Sea dispute","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_South_China_Sea_dispute?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36328379 coauthored" data-work_id="36328379" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36328379/Fabio_Bettanin_Putin_e_il_mondo_che_verr%C3%A0_Storia_e_politica_della_Russia_nel_nuovo_contesto_internazionale_Roma_Viella_2018">Fabio Bettanin, Putin e il mondo che verrà. Storia e politica della Russia nel nuovo contesto internazionale, Roma, Viella 2018</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Per quanti negli anni della Guerra fredda si erano assuefatti a considerare la Russia nelle vesti di superpotenza non è stato facile adattarsi all’idea che il suo ruolo nel mondo post Guerra fredda sia stato spesso quello di comprimario... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36328379" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Per quanti negli anni della Guerra fredda si erano assuefatti a considerare la Russia nelle vesti di superpotenza non è stato facile adattarsi all’idea che il suo ruolo nel mondo post Guerra fredda sia stato spesso quello di comprimario solo in alcuni casi capace di svolgere un ruolo attivo nel “nuovo disordine mondiale”. Per il suo passato, le dimensioni geografiche, la cultura politica, la Russia resterà sempre un paese unico, chiamato a affrontare problemi comuni a quelli di molti grandi paesi del mondo contemporaneo, che non difendono lo status quo, né puntano a una sua revisione; piuttosto agiscono da riformisti, impegnati nella gestione di un ordine internazionale in continua trasformazione.<br /><br />La constatazione ci riporta all’interrogativo di fondo: la Russia sarà protagonista del XXI secolo come lo è stata del XX? Nonostante i molti problemi irrisolti della transizione post comunista, la Russia fa parte del ristretto numero di paesi che possono ambire a stabilizzare il “disordine mondiale”, o a renderlo definitivo. Osservarla più da vicino è quindi passaggio obbligato per non farsi cogliere di sorpresa dai problemi di formazione del mondo che verrà.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36328379" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5360490c740d4cad3e035891a4b8f7b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56235949,"asset_id":36328379,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56235949/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6631188" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ViellaLibreriaEditrice">Viella Editrice</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6631188" type="text/json">{"id":6631188,"first_name":"Viella","last_name":"Editrice","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ViellaLibreriaEditrice","display_name":"Viella Editrice","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ViellaLibreriaEditrice?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6631188/2856957/35685004/s65_viella.editrice.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36328379">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36328379"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/fabiobettanin">fabio bettanin</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36328379'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36328379').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36328379 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36328379"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36328379; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36328379]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36328379").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36328379").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36328379"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics">Russian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5895" type="text/json">{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36328379]'), work: {"id":36328379,"title":"Fabio Bettanin, Putin e il mondo che verrà. Storia e politica della Russia nel nuovo contesto internazionale, Roma, Viella 2018","created_at":"2018-04-04T06:54:42.182-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36328379/Fabio_Bettanin_Putin_e_il_mondo_che_verr%C3%A0_Storia_e_politica_della_Russia_nel_nuovo_contesto_internazionale_Roma_Viella_2018?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_36328379","summary":"\n\nPer quanti negli anni della Guerra fredda si erano assuefatti a considerare la Russia nelle vesti di superpotenza non è stato facile adattarsi all’idea che il suo ruolo nel mondo post Guerra fredda sia stato spesso quello di comprimario solo in alcuni casi capace di svolgere un ruolo attivo nel “nuovo disordine mondiale”. Per il suo passato, le dimensioni geografiche, la cultura politica, la Russia resterà sempre un paese unico, chiamato a affrontare problemi comuni a quelli di molti grandi paesi del mondo contemporaneo, che non difendono lo status quo, né puntano a una sua revisione; piuttosto agiscono da riformisti, impegnati nella gestione di un ordine internazionale in continua trasformazione.\n\nLa constatazione ci riporta all’interrogativo di fondo: la Russia sarà protagonista del XXI secolo come lo è stata del XX? Nonostante i molti problemi irrisolti della transizione post comunista, la Russia fa parte del ristretto numero di paesi che possono ambire a stabilizzare il “disordine mondiale”, o a renderlo definitivo. Osservarla più da vicino è quindi passaggio obbligato per non farsi cogliere di sorpresa dai problemi di formazione del mondo che verrà.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56235949,"asset_id":36328379,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6631188,"first_name":"Viella","last_name":"Editrice","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ViellaLibreriaEditrice","display_name":"Viella Editrice","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ViellaLibreriaEditrice?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6631188/2856957/35685004/s65_viella.editrice.jpg"},{"id":21075849,"first_name":"fabio","last_name":"bettanin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"fabiobettanin","display_name":"fabio 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/contemporary_Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69376958" data-work_id="69376958" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69376958/What_is_Driving_Russias_Security_Concerns_by_Alexey_Gromyko_Modern_Diplomacy_via_RIAC_January_23_2022">What is Driving Russia's Security Concerns? by Alexey Gromyko, Modern Diplomacy (via RIAC), January 23, 2022</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><a href="https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/01/23/what-is-driving-russias-security-concerns/" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/41712447/Russian_Ukrainian_gas_transit_deal_a_sign_of_Putins_gas_strategy_crash_or_temporary_retreat_Part_One">Russian-Ukrainian gas transit deal: a sign of Putin's gas strategy crash or temporary retreat? (Part One</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">At the beginning of 2019, Russia was quite confident it would be able to either redirect its gas transit to the EU away from Ukraine before the expiration of the transit contract or renew the deal on Moscow’s own terms. But despite... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41712447" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">At the beginning of 2019, Russia was quite confident it would be able to either redirect its gas transit to the EU away from Ukraine before the expiration of the transit contract or renew the deal on Moscow’s own terms. But despite Gazprom’s (i.e., the Kremlin’s) transit diversification strategy, the new five-year deal shows that the Ukrainian transit corridor still remains of paramount importance for Russia</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41712447" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed286019a0e1099672ca97953caeff2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63424585,"asset_id":41712447,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63424585/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6781337" href="https://jamestown.academia.edu/AllaHurska">Alla Hurska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6781337" type="text/json">{"id":6781337,"first_name":"Alla","last_name":"Hurska","domain_name":"jamestown","page_name":"AllaHurska","display_name":"Alla Hurska","profile_url":"https://jamestown.academia.edu/AllaHurska?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6781337/2734838/40571845/s65_alla.hurska.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41712447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41712447"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41712447, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41712447", }); 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But despite Gazprom’s (i.e., the Kremlin’s) transit diversification strategy, the new five-year deal shows that the Ukrainian transit corridor still remains of paramount importance for Russia","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63424585,"asset_id":41712447,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6781337,"first_name":"Alla","last_name":"Hurska","domain_name":"jamestown","page_name":"AllaHurska","display_name":"Alla Hurska","profile_url":"https://jamestown.academia.edu/AllaHurska?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6781337/2734838/40571845/s65_alla.hurska.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5821,"name":"Ukrainian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":9626,"name":"Ukrainian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":17331,"name":"Oil and gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_gas?f_ri=7669"},{"id":63322,"name":"Russian-Ukrainian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian-Ukrainian_Relations?f_ri=7669"},{"id":320543,"name":"Gazprom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gazprom?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1453958,"name":"Ukrainian-Russian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian-Russian_Relations?f_ri=7669"},{"id":2753749,"name":"Russian-Ukrainian conflict; hybrid informational war; Ukrainian media discourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian-Ukrainian_conflict_hybrid_informational_war_Ukrainian_media_discourse?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12142997" data-work_id="12142997" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12142997/Putins_Strategy_for_Russia">Putin's Strategy for Russia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12142997" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72ac19139b31595efe933bcdf04178c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37450394,"asset_id":12142997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37450394/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1271222" href="https://uasalaska.academia.edu/JohnRadzilowski">John Radzilowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1271222" type="text/json">{"id":1271222,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Radzilowski","domain_name":"uasalaska","page_name":"JohnRadzilowski","display_name":"John Radzilowski","profile_url":"https://uasalaska.academia.edu/JohnRadzilowski?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1271222/7042248/19752511/s65_john.radzilowski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12142997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12142997"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12142997, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12142997", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12142997]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12142997").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12142997").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12142997"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45426" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45426" type="text/json">{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45703" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baltic_States">Baltic States</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45703" type="text/json">{"id":45703,"name":"Baltic States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baltic_States?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12142997]'), work: {"id":12142997,"title":"Putin's Strategy for Russia","created_at":"2015-04-28T16:52:22.059-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12142997/Putins_Strategy_for_Russia?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_12142997","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37450394,"asset_id":12142997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1271222,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Radzilowski","domain_name":"uasalaska","page_name":"JohnRadzilowski","display_name":"John Radzilowski","profile_url":"https://uasalaska.academia.edu/JohnRadzilowski?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1271222/7042248/19752511/s65_john.radzilowski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":45703,"name":"Baltic States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baltic_States?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77167947" data-work_id="77167947" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77167947/Is_the_UK_making_itself_a_target_for_Russian_retaliation">Is the UK making itself a target for Russian retaliation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Moscow will be irritated by the stridency of UK's support for Ukraine and might contemplate singling it out for specific action. How prepared are Whitehall and the public for retaliation, and how would allies react?</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77167947" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a218a7f18164706f266d19aaf195425a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84610342,"asset_id":77167947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84610342/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3248717" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/TimWilsey">Tim Willasey-Wilsey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3248717" type="text/json">{"id":3248717,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Willasey-Wilsey","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"TimWilsey","display_name":"Tim Willasey-Wilsey","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/TimWilsey?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3248717/35046565/30554121/s65_tim.willasey-wilsey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77167947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77167947"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77167947, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77167947", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77167947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77167947").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77167947").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77167947"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_">Strategy (Military Science)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="579" type="text/json">{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian_Studies">Ukrainian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5821" type="text/json">{"id":5821,"name":"Ukrainian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6707" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy">Foreign Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6707" type="text/json">{"id":6707,"name":"Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77167947]'), work: {"id":77167947,"title":"Is the UK making itself a target for Russian retaliation","created_at":"2022-04-21T04:02:27.593-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77167947/Is_the_UK_making_itself_a_target_for_Russian_retaliation?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_77167947","summary":"Moscow will be irritated by the stridency of UK's support for Ukraine and might contemplate singling it out for specific action. How prepared are Whitehall and the public for retaliation, and how would allies react? ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84610342,"asset_id":77167947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3248717,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Willasey-Wilsey","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"TimWilsey","display_name":"Tim Willasey-Wilsey","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/TimWilsey?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3248717/35046565/30554121/s65_tim.willasey-wilsey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5821,"name":"Ukrainian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":6707,"name":"Foreign 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yılına ithafen","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65264272,"asset_id":44773387,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":138780063,"first_name":"FIRAT","last_name":"PURTAŞ","domain_name":"ahbv","page_name":"FIRATPURTAŞ","display_name":"FIRAT PURTAŞ","profile_url":"https://ahbv.academia.edu/FIRATPURTA%C5%9E?f_ri=7669","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29937703" data-work_id="29937703" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29937703/T%C3%BCrk_Rus_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkilerinde_Normalle%C5%9Fme_ve_F%C4%B1rat_Kalkan%C4%B1">Türk-Rus İlişkilerinde Normalleşme ve Fırat Kalkanı</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Özellikle IŞİD ve PKK’nın terör eylemlerinin giderek şiddetlendiği bir dönemde, Türkiye’nin bu iki örgüte karşı Suriye’de sınır ötesi askeri tedbirler alabilmesi için Rusya’yla ilişkilerini normalleştirmesi zorunlu hale gelmiştir.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29937703" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Özellikle IŞİD ve PKK’nın terör eylemlerinin giderek şiddetlendiği bir dönemde, Türkiye’nin bu iki örgüte karşı Suriye’de sınır ötesi askeri tedbirler alabilmesi için Rusya’yla ilişkilerini normalleştirmesi zorunlu hale<br />gelmiştir. Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan’ın Haziran ayı sonunda Putin’e yazdığı ve ilişkilerin normalleşmesine vesile olan mektubu ile başlayan<br />süreç, 9 Ağustos’ta St. Petersburg’da gerçekleşen Putin-Erdoğan görüşmesiyle önemli bir ivme kazanmıştır. 15 Temmuz darbe girişimi<br />sonrasında Türkiye’nin AB ve ABD ile ilişkilerinin sorgulandığı bir dönemde gerçekleşen Putin-Erdoğan zirvesi, iki ülke arasında yeni bir sayfanın açılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu zirvenin en önemli sonuçlarından birisi ise Rusya’nın Türkiye’nin Suriye’de iki hafta sonra başlattığı Fırat Kalkanı harekâtına ikna edilmesidir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29937703" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92588c6b9880550d10946a3b13885618" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50396567,"asset_id":29937703,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50396567/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="713507" href="https://marmara.academia.edu/EmreErsen">Emre Erşen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="713507" type="text/json">{"id":713507,"first_name":"Emre","last_name":"Erşen","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"EmreErsen","display_name":"Emre Erşen","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/EmreErsen?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/713507/323591/30688859/s65_emre.er_en.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29937703 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29937703"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29937703, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29937703", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29937703]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29937703").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29937703").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29937703"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17717" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy">Turkish Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17717" type="text/json">{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ortado%C4%9Fu">Ortadoğu</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42226" type="text/json">{"id":42226,"name":"Ortadoğu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ortado%C4%9Fu?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75230" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Russian_Relations">Turkish Russian Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="75230" type="text/json">{"id":75230,"name":"Turkish Russian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Russian_Relations?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29937703]'), work: {"id":29937703,"title":"Türk-Rus İlişkilerinde Normalleşme ve Fırat Kalkanı","created_at":"2016-11-18T05:39:46.794-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29937703/T%C3%BCrk_Rus_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkilerinde_Normalle%C5%9Fme_ve_F%C4%B1rat_Kalkan%C4%B1?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_29937703","summary":"Özellikle IŞİD ve PKK’nın terör eylemlerinin giderek şiddetlendiği bir dönemde, Türkiye’nin bu iki örgüte karşı Suriye’de sınır ötesi askeri tedbirler alabilmesi için Rusya’yla ilişkilerini normalleştirmesi zorunlu hale\ngelmiştir. Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan’ın Haziran ayı sonunda Putin’e yazdığı ve ilişkilerin normalleşmesine vesile olan mektubu ile başlayan\nsüreç, 9 Ağustos’ta St. Petersburg’da gerçekleşen Putin-Erdoğan görüşmesiyle önemli bir ivme kazanmıştır. 15 Temmuz darbe girişimi\nsonrasında Türkiye’nin AB ve ABD ile ilişkilerinin sorgulandığı bir dönemde gerçekleşen Putin-Erdoğan zirvesi, iki ülke arasında yeni bir sayfanın açılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu zirvenin en önemli sonuçlarından birisi ise Rusya’nın Türkiye’nin Suriye’de iki hafta sonra başlattığı Fırat Kalkanı harekâtına ikna edilmesidir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50396567,"asset_id":29937703,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":713507,"first_name":"Emre","last_name":"Erşen","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"EmreErsen","display_name":"Emre Erşen","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/EmreErsen?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/713507/323591/30688859/s65_emre.er_en.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":42226,"name":"Ortadoğu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ortado%C4%9Fu?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":75230,"name":"Turkish Russian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Russian_Relations?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":131514,"name":"Türkiye Dış Politikası","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T%C3%BCrkiye_D%C4%B1%C5%9F_Politikas%C4%B1?f_ri=7669"},{"id":140219,"name":"Suriye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suriye?f_ri=7669"},{"id":410596,"name":"Türk dış politikası","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T%C3%BCrk_d%C4%B1%C5%9F_politikas%C4%B1?f_ri=7669"},{"id":552125,"name":"Rusya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rusya?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1059087,"name":"Syrian Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_Civil_War?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32890193" data-work_id="32890193" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32890193/RUSSIA_BETWEEN_EAST_AND_WEST_THE_200_YEAR_OLD_DILEMMA">RUSSIA BETWEEN EAST AND WEST: THE 200-YEAR-OLD DILEMMA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Should Russia become part of the West, or follow an Eastern path? This has been a centuries-old discussion among Russian intellectuals. For Westernizers in Russia, the " West " symbolized progress, freedom, democracy, civil society,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32890193" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Should Russia become part of the West, or follow an Eastern path? This has been a centuries-old discussion among Russian intellectuals. For Westernizers in Russia, the " West " symbolized progress, freedom, democracy, civil society, normality, and a nation-state. Their opponents saw the West as representing moral decadence in the beginning and later capitalist exploitation. This paper attempts to lay out the foundations and the evolution of the 200-year-old discussion of Russia's place in the world. It briefly examines the period of Muscovite Russia, where the foundations of the authoritarian state tradition were laid and further strengthened. The paper then focuses on the period of Peter the Great's reign, in which educated Russians became increasingly acquainted with Western European culture and started having doubts about Russia's status in the face of perceived European superiority. Trying to summarize how the international and internal developments of the 1800s and 1900s have affected the debate about Russia's place between East and West, the paper then examines the current state of discussions in Russia under Putin's leadership and finally attempts to make predictions for the future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32890193" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f125fe9bf8ae041bcd43c83cff1482ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53031141,"asset_id":32890193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53031141/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33043826" href="https://uniba.academia.edu/ANIL%C3%87%C4%B0%C3%87EK">Dr. ANIL ÇİÇEK</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33043826" type="text/json">{"id":33043826,"first_name":"Dr. ANIL","last_name":"ÇİÇEK","domain_name":"uniba","page_name":"ANILÇİÇEK","display_name":"Dr. ANIL ÇİÇEK","profile_url":"https://uniba.academia.edu/ANIL%C3%87%C4%B0%C3%87EK?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33043826/16613184/16922448/s65_anil._ek.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32890193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32890193"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32890193, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32890193", }); 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This has been a centuries-old discussion among Russian intellectuals. For Westernizers in Russia, the \" West \" symbolized progress, freedom, democracy, civil society, normality, and a nation-state. Their opponents saw the West as representing moral decadence in the beginning and later capitalist exploitation. This paper attempts to lay out the foundations and the evolution of the 200-year-old discussion of Russia's place in the world. It briefly examines the period of Muscovite Russia, where the foundations of the authoritarian state tradition were laid and further strengthened. The paper then focuses on the period of Peter the Great's reign, in which educated Russians became increasingly acquainted with Western European culture and started having doubts about Russia's status in the face of perceived European superiority. Trying to summarize how the international and internal developments of the 1800s and 1900s have affected the debate about Russia's place between East and West, the paper then examines the current state of discussions in Russia under Putin's leadership and finally attempts to make predictions for the future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53031141,"asset_id":32890193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33043826,"first_name":"Dr. ANIL","last_name":"ÇİÇEK","domain_name":"uniba","page_name":"ANILÇİÇEK","display_name":"Dr. ANIL ÇİÇEK","profile_url":"https://uniba.academia.edu/ANIL%C3%87%C4%B0%C3%87EK?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33043826/16613184/16922448/s65_anil._ek.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5778,"name":"Russian Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Nationalism?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7392,"name":"Russian Orthodox Church","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Orthodox_Church?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=7669"},{"id":15840,"name":"Russian Orthodoxy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Orthodoxy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":22971,"name":"Russian Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Intellectual_History?f_ri=7669"},{"id":106779,"name":"Russian national identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_national_identity?f_ri=7669"},{"id":234296,"name":"Russian language and literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_language_and_literature?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37675372" data-work_id="37675372" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37675372/Russian_Nationalism_Imaginaries_Doctrines_and_Political_Battlefields_London_Routledge_2018">Russian Nationalism Imaginaries, Doctrines, and Political Battlefields. London: Routledge, 2018.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37675372" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75266b14895526e48c9c16516d69dd0c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57664618,"asset_id":37675372,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57664618/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="270807" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/MarleneLaruelle">Marlene Laruelle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="270807" type="text/json">{"id":270807,"first_name":"Marlene","last_name":"Laruelle","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"MarleneLaruelle","display_name":"Marlene Laruelle","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/MarleneLaruelle?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/270807/4027890/16386881/s65_marlene.laruelle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37675372 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37675372"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37675372, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37675372", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37675372]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37675372").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37675372").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37675372"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Nationalism">Russian Nationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5778" type="text/json">{"id":5778,"name":"Russian Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Nationalism?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics">Russian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5895" type="text/json">{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37675372]'), work: {"id":37675372,"title":"Russian Nationalism Imaginaries, Doctrines, and Political Battlefields. 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Naval consequences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Syrian war will allow Russia to recover its naval presence in the Mediterranean. The Russian Navy will have more facilities at the same time that the Chinese Navy will appear in this scenario. This new situation will give us a new... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38591683" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Syrian war will allow Russia to recover its naval presence in the Mediterranean. The Russian Navy will have more facilities at the same time that the Chinese Navy will appear in this scenario. This new situation will give us a new world order; this period we call "Tens Calm". Something similar happened after Bismarck Era, the period called "Armed Peace" (1890-1914), when the global balance was broken. This pre-war environment in the media could have been avoided. Russia today tries to recover its old deployment in the Mediterranean to become a global power.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38591683" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66aacc49f22a55d39a233a9c96d6817d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58665971,"asset_id":38591683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58665971/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44335766" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/javierdecarlos">Javier de Carlos Izquierdo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44335766" type="text/json">{"id":44335766,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"de Carlos Izquierdo","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"javierdecarlos","display_name":"Javier de Carlos Izquierdo","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/javierdecarlos?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44335766/11808296/19536748/s65_javier.de_carlos_izquierdo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38591683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38591683"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38591683, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38591683", }); 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Агенти Путіна. Як російські агенти крадуть наші таємниці. Пер. і прим. - Ілля Бєй. — К.: Чеська бібліотека, 2017. — 232 с., іл.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">В 1996 р. Чеська Республіка вступила до НАТО, а ще через шість років – до Євросоюзу. Ці два головні чинники привели до формування у чехів враження, ніби вони живуть в цілком безпечному просторі, що їхню свободу та демократію вже не... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33023912" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">В 1996 р. Чеська Республіка вступила до НАТО, а ще через шість років – до Євросоюзу. Ці два головні чинники привели до формування у чехів враження, ніби вони живуть в цілком безпечному просторі, що їхню свободу та демократію вже не спіткають значні виклики. Проте Росія не відкликала своїх агентів, навпаки, за останні роки російський вплив лише збільшився. Російські спецслужби створюють чеськомовні ЗМІ, що стають рупорами пропутінської пропаганди, підкупляють чи шантажують чеських політиків, і все це – через імперські амбіції. І все це для того, щоб підірвати ще нетверду чеську демократію, яка продовжує формуватися, внести безлад, загальмувати інтеграцію Чехії до оборонних та політичних структур Заходу – аби ця центральноєвропейська країна якомога довше залишалася в цупких обіймах скутої санкціями недоімперії.<br />Відомий чеський журналіст Одржей Кундра в кількох нарисах розповідає про діяльність російських спецслужб в Чехії та Європі взагалі.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33023912" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8889423bf147eb1ab786d5320e964661" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53134733,"asset_id":33023912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53134733/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="414683" href="https://savba.academia.edu/IllyaBey">Illya Bey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="414683" type="text/json">{"id":414683,"first_name":"Illya","last_name":"Bey","domain_name":"savba","page_name":"IllyaBey","display_name":"Illya Bey","profile_url":"https://savba.academia.edu/IllyaBey?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/414683/100522/14284680/s65_illya.bey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33023912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33023912"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33023912, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33023912", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33023912]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33023912").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33023912").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33023912"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="570" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Intelligence">Military Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="570" type="text/json">{"id":570,"name":"Military Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Intelligence?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Czech_History">Czech History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1730" type="text/json">{"id":1730,"name":"Czech History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Czech_History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2052" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_Studies">Intelligence Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2052" type="text/json">{"id":2052,"name":"Intelligence Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33023912]'), work: {"id":33023912,"title":"Кундра Ондржей. 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Ці два головні чинники привели до формування у чехів враження, ніби вони живуть в цілком безпечному просторі, що їхню свободу та демократію вже не спіткають значні виклики. Проте Росія не відкликала своїх агентів, навпаки, за останні роки російський вплив лише збільшився. Російські спецслужби створюють чеськомовні ЗМІ, що стають рупорами пропутінської пропаганди, підкупляють чи шантажують чеських політиків, і все це – через імперські амбіції. І все це для того, щоб підірвати ще нетверду чеську демократію, яка продовжує формуватися, внести безлад, загальмувати інтеграцію Чехії до оборонних та політичних структур Заходу – аби ця центральноєвропейська країна якомога довше залишалася в цупких обіймах скутої санкціями недоімперії.\nВідомий чеський журналіст Одржей Кундра в кількох нарисах розповідає про діяльність російських спецслужб в Чехії та Європі взагалі.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53134733,"asset_id":33023912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":414683,"first_name":"Illya","last_name":"Bey","domain_name":"savba","page_name":"IllyaBey","display_name":"Illya Bey","profile_url":"https://savba.academia.edu/IllyaBey?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/414683/100522/14284680/s65_illya.bey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":570,"name":"Military 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}); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2523224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2523224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2523224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2523224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2523224").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2523224").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2523224"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">40</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism">International Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1720" type="text/json">{"id":1720,"name":"International Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2523224]'), work: {"id":2523224,"title":"Bilge Strateji Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7","created_at":"2013-02-05T21:36:46.453-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2523224/Bilge_Strateji_Cilt_4_Say%C4%B1_7?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_2523224","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30884541,"asset_id":2523224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3246956,"first_name":"Wise Men Center 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Politikalari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AB_Politikalari?f_ri=7669"},{"id":981823,"name":"Uluslararası Sistem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uluslararasi_Sistem?f_ri=7669"},{"id":981830,"name":"Kürselleşme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kursellesme?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3032454" data-work_id="3032454" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3032454/Azerbaijans_Place_in_Euro_Caspian_Energy_Security">Azerbaijan's Place in Euro-Caspian Energy Security</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The evolution of Caspian Sea basin energy transmission networks is entering a crucial phase. Azerbaijan is the crucible where questions concerning the future structure of geo-economic relations in Eurasia (and also therefore crucial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3032454" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The evolution of Caspian Sea basin energy transmission networks is entering a crucial phase. Azerbaijan is the crucible where questions concerning the future structure of geo-economic relations in Eurasia (and also therefore crucial aspects of the general geopolitical structure of world politics) are today being resolved. Azerbaijan’s significance arises both from the volume of its natural energy resources and from its irreplaceable role as a bridge from Central Asia and the Caspian Sea basin to the Black Sea basin and Europe. Most recently, this significance has only been underlined by the implementation of a multi-vectored energy export strategy. Long-term and short-term historical perspectives put into relief the significance of the expanding geo-economic energy relations between Greater Central Asia and Greater Southwest Asia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3032454" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f65a9a09b494245f8f9df88ca0eb1e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31094916,"asset_id":3032454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31094916/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26047" href="https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/RobertMCutler">Robert M Cutler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26047" type="text/json">{"id":26047,"first_name":"Robert M","last_name":"Cutler","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"RobertMCutler","display_name":"Robert M Cutler","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/RobertMCutler?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26047/81015/1465805/s65_robert_m.cutler.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3032454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3032454"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3032454, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3032454", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3032454]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3032454").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3032454").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3032454"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">33</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="268" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics">Political Geography and Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="268" type="text/json">{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography">Economic Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="728" type="text/json">{"id":728,"name":"Economic Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1911" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies">International Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1911" type="text/json">{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3032454]'), work: {"id":3032454,"title":"Azerbaijan's Place in Euro-Caspian Energy Security","created_at":"2013-03-16T13:32:13.404-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3032454/Azerbaijans_Place_in_Euro_Caspian_Energy_Security?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_3032454","summary":"The evolution of Caspian Sea basin energy transmission networks is entering a crucial phase. Azerbaijan is the crucible where questions concerning the future structure of geo-economic relations in Eurasia (and also therefore crucial aspects of the general geopolitical structure of world politics) are today being resolved. Azerbaijan’s significance arises both from the volume of its natural energy resources and from its irreplaceable role as a bridge from Central Asia and the Caspian Sea basin to the Black Sea basin and Europe. Most recently, this significance has only been underlined by the implementation of a multi-vectored energy export strategy. Long-term and short-term historical perspectives put into relief the significance of the expanding geo-economic energy relations between Greater Central Asia and Greater Southwest Asia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31094916,"asset_id":3032454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26047,"first_name":"Robert M","last_name":"Cutler","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"RobertMCutler","display_name":"Robert M Cutler","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/RobertMCutler?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26047/81015/1465805/s65_robert_m.cutler.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":728,"name":"Economic Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International 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Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy_Energy_Security_Central_Asia_Russia_Caucasus_Caspian_Sea_Region?f_ri=7669"},{"id":968418,"name":"Caspian Energy Resourses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caspian_Energy_Resourses?f_ri=7669"},{"id":968419,"name":"Azerbaidhjan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Azerbaidhjan?f_ri=7669"},{"id":968420,"name":"Nabucco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabucco?f_ri=7669"},{"id":968421,"name":"Oil Pipelines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_Pipelines?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39516970" data-work_id="39516970" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39516970/Putins_Grand_Strategy_and_US_National_Interests">Putin's Grand Strategy and US National Interests</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the most significant questions surrounding Russian foreign policy is whether or not Russian president Vladimir Putin has an overarching strategy. This white paper argues that Putin, in fact, is a serious strategist and that he has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39516970" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the most significant questions surrounding Russian foreign policy is whether or not Russian president Vladimir Putin has an overarching strategy. This white paper argues that Putin, in fact, is a serious strategist and that he has a grand strategy for Russia and, indeed, the world. It summarizes the debate over whether or not Putin has a grand strategy before examining the key interests driving it. Finally, it examines the threat Russia's strategy poses to vital US national interests. These assertions can be summarized in the points below. • Russian President Vladimir Putin has a grand strategy that he is following. • The threads of this strategy can be seen at the theater/operational level and join together at the grand strategic level. • Russia seeks a veto power over its near abroad and considers the area part of its exclusive sphere of influence. • Russia has entered into a strong alliance with China, one that is mutually beneficial. • Russian recidivism is a threat to US national interests, particularly to NATO and its new members.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39516970" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ffdbdb45dcef9ddee94d0a5c15a6d7b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59666111,"asset_id":39516970,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59666111/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="145836" href="https://ndu.academia.edu/ChristopherMarsh">Christopher Marsh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="145836" type="text/json">{"id":145836,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Marsh","domain_name":"ndu","page_name":"ChristopherMarsh","display_name":"Christopher Marsh","profile_url":"https://ndu.academia.edu/ChristopherMarsh?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/145836/868689/11367038/s65_christopher.marsh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39516970 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39516970"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39516970, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39516970", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39516970]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39516970").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39516970").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39516970"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grand_Strategy">Grand Strategy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67134" type="text/json">{"id":67134,"name":"Grand Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grand_Strategy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39516970]'), work: {"id":39516970,"title":"Putin's Grand Strategy and US National Interests","created_at":"2019-06-11T08:12:22.242-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39516970/Putins_Grand_Strategy_and_US_National_Interests?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_39516970","summary":"One of the most significant questions surrounding Russian foreign policy is whether or not Russian president Vladimir Putin has an overarching strategy. This white paper argues that Putin, in fact, is a serious strategist and that he has a grand strategy for Russia and, indeed, the world. It summarizes the debate over whether or not Putin has a grand strategy before examining the key interests driving it. Finally, it examines the threat Russia's strategy poses to vital US national interests. These assertions can be summarized in the points below. • Russian President Vladimir Putin has a grand strategy that he is following. • The threads of this strategy can be seen at the theater/operational level and join together at the grand strategic level. • Russia seeks a veto power over its near abroad and considers the area part of its exclusive sphere of influence. • Russia has entered into a strong alliance with China, one that is mutually beneficial. • Russian recidivism is a threat to US national interests, particularly to NATO and its new members.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59666111,"asset_id":39516970,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":145836,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Marsh","domain_name":"ndu","page_name":"ChristopherMarsh","display_name":"Christopher Marsh","profile_url":"https://ndu.academia.edu/ChristopherMarsh?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/145836/868689/11367038/s65_christopher.marsh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":67134,"name":"Grand Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grand_Strategy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_523741" data-work_id="523741" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/523741/Russia_Ukraine_Relations_Trapped_into_Identity_Conflict">Russia-Ukraine Relations: Trapped into Identity Conflict</a></div></div><div 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The good, the bad and the ugly</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In an age where nothing seems clear-cut it is wonderful to have a hero and an even clearer villain. Putin is the new Hitler, an obsessive maniac with no respect for human life. The Ukrainians, by contrast, remind us of our parents and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77167330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In an age where nothing seems clear-cut it is wonderful to have a hero and an even clearer villain. Putin is the new Hitler, an obsessive maniac with no respect for human life. The Ukrainians, by contrast, remind us of our parents and grandparents and their pluck during World War II, when Britain stood alone. But, of course, nothing is ever quite so simple. So, at this stage in the war, what is the balance of the good, the bad and the ugly?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77167330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64d068d7309a887a2a2088669f5eb23e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84609885,"asset_id":77167330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84609885/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3248717" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/TimWilsey">Tim Willasey-Wilsey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3248717" type="text/json">{"id":3248717,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Willasey-Wilsey","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"TimWilsey","display_name":"Tim Willasey-Wilsey","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/TimWilsey?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3248717/35046565/30554121/s65_tim.willasey-wilsey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77167330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77167330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77167330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77167330", }); 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="234081" href="https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis">Nikolaos Tzifakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="234081" type="text/json">{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61597522 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61597522"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61597522, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61597522", }); 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies">Balkan Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3337" type="text/json">{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39749869/The_Western_Balkans_in_the_World_Linkages_and_Relations_with_Non_Western_Countries">The Western Balkans in the World: Linkages and Relations with Non-Western Countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book provides a detailed understanding of how different types of engagements impact upon the reform and EU integration of the Western Balkan region. It examines the influence of Russia, China, Turkey and the UAE in the region and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39749869" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book provides a detailed understanding of how different types of engagements impact upon the reform and EU integration of the Western Balkan region. It examines the influence of Russia, China, Turkey and the UAE in the region and analyses the range of existing links.<br /><br />Contributors offer an academic and multifaceted perspective of the role of external and non-Western actors in the region that goes beyond, on the one hand, the tendency of some Western decision makers to perceive all engagement by third powers as a sinister threat and, on the other, the view of regional governments of all external involvement as a boon coming at a time of Western neglect and reduced foreign investments. By looking at the importance of Russia, Turkey, China and the UAE in the Western Balkans, the book sheds light on one key arena of global competition, offers new insights on the strengths and weaknesses of Euro–Atlantic integration and advances our knowledge of foreign policy and its economic, social and security dimensions for small and medium-sized countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39749869" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b7fdb1bdec04dde67abc2158a88c86b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59934270,"asset_id":39749869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59934270/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="234081" href="https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis">Nikolaos Tzifakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="234081" type="text/json">{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39749869">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39749869"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-graz.academia.edu/FlorianBieber">Florian Bieber</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39749869'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39749869').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39749869 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39749869"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39749869; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39749869]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39749869").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39749869").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39749869"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_East_European_Studies">South East European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3067" type="text/json">{"id":3067,"name":"South East European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_East_European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies">Balkan Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3337" type="text/json">{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5839" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kosovo">Kosovo</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5839" type="text/json">{"id":5839,"name":"Kosovo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kosovo?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39749869]'), work: {"id":39749869,"title":"The Western Balkans in the World: Linkages and Relations with Non-Western Countries","created_at":"2019-07-04T07:37:41.305-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39749869/The_Western_Balkans_in_the_World_Linkages_and_Relations_with_Non_Western_Countries?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_39749869","summary":"This book provides a detailed understanding of how different types of engagements impact upon the reform and EU integration of the Western Balkan region. It examines the influence of Russia, China, Turkey and the UAE in the region and analyses the range of existing links.\n\nContributors offer an academic and multifaceted perspective of the role of external and non-Western actors in the region that goes beyond, on the one hand, the tendency of some Western decision makers to perceive all engagement by third powers as a sinister threat and, on the other, the view of regional governments of all external involvement as a boon coming at a time of Western neglect and reduced foreign investments. By looking at the importance of Russia, Turkey, China and the UAE in the Western Balkans, the book sheds light on one key arena of global competition, offers new insights on the strengths and weaknesses of Euro–Atlantic integration and advances our knowledge of foreign policy and its economic, social and security dimensions for small and medium-sized countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59934270,"asset_id":39749869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"},{"id":2456207,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Bieber","domain_name":"uni-graz","page_name":"FlorianBieber","display_name":"Florian Bieber","profile_url":"https://uni-graz.academia.edu/FlorianBieber?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2456207/769221/956090/s65_florian.bieber.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":3067,"name":"South East European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_East_European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5839,"name":"Kosovo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kosovo?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":13008,"name":"Balkan Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":14361,"name":"Turkey And Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey_And_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":19025,"name":"Enlargement and Integration in the EU","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlargement_and_Integration_in_the_EU?f_ri=7669"},{"id":23419,"name":"Southeastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeastern_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":28723,"name":"Turkey in World Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey_in_World_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":38204,"name":"China's foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinas_foreign_policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":49250,"name":"Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkans?f_ri=7669"},{"id":64064,"name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina?f_ri=7669"},{"id":71571,"name":"EU Enlargement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_Enlargement?f_ri=7669"},{"id":77142,"name":"Montenegro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Montenegro?f_ri=7669"},{"id":78630,"name":"Serbia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serbia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=7669"},{"id":128275,"name":"NATO-Russian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO-Russian_Relations?f_ri=7669"},{"id":2255438,"name":"\"Belt and Road\" Initiative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Belt_and_Road_Initiative?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39628699 coauthored" data-work_id="39628699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39628699/The_Western_Balkans_as_a_Geopolitical_Chessboard_Myths_realities_and_policy_options">The Western Balkans as a Geopolitical Chessboard? Myths, realities and policy options</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39628699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0becb50f166e8dcdc45c01059cc28be3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59958498,"asset_id":39628699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59958498/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="234081" href="https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis">Nikolaos Tzifakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="234081" type="text/json">{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39628699">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39628699"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-graz.academia.edu/FlorianBieber">Florian Bieber</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39628699'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39628699').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39628699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39628699"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39628699, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39628699", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39628699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39628699; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39628699"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39628699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39628699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39628699; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39628699]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39628699").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39628699").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39628699"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies">Eastern European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382" type="text/json">{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies">Balkan Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3337" type="text/json">{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39628699]'), work: {"id":39628699,"title":"The Western Balkans as a Geopolitical Chessboard? Myths, realities and policy options","created_at":"2019-06-18T12:41:02.533-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39628699/The_Western_Balkans_as_a_Geopolitical_Chessboard_Myths_realities_and_policy_options?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_39628699","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59958498,"asset_id":39628699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"},{"id":2456207,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Bieber","domain_name":"uni-graz","page_name":"FlorianBieber","display_name":"Florian Bieber","profile_url":"https://uni-graz.academia.edu/FlorianBieber?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2456207/769221/956090/s65_florian.bieber.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":10311,"name":"European Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":13008,"name":"Balkan Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":17409,"name":"History And Geopolitics In The Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_And_Geopolitics_In_The_Balkans?f_ri=7669"},{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":19023,"name":"Europeanization of the Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europeanization_of_the_Balkans?f_ri=7669"},{"id":19025,"name":"Enlargement and Integration in the EU","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlargement_and_Integration_in_the_EU?f_ri=7669"},{"id":23419,"name":"Southeastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeastern_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":28723,"name":"Turkey in World Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey_in_World_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":44835,"name":"Serbian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serbian_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":49250,"name":"Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkans?f_ri=7669"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=7669"},{"id":128275,"name":"NATO-Russian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO-Russian_Relations?f_ri=7669"},{"id":453165,"name":"International Politics of Montenegro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics_of_Montenegro?f_ri=7669"},{"id":662832,"name":"NATO Enlargement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO_Enlargement?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37911917" data-work_id="37911917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37911917/RUSSIAN_AMBITIONS_AND_HYBRID_MODES_OF_WARFARE">RUSSIAN AMBITIONS AND HYBRID MODES OF WARFARE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The security policy of the Russian Federation has long involved elements of threat to neighbouring countries and forcing the hand of its political partners. In the last decade, Russia has used hybrid modes of warfare to instigate... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37911917" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The security policy of the Russian Federation has long involved elements of threat to neighbouring countries and forcing the hand of its political partners. In the last decade, Russia has used hybrid modes of warfare to instigate conflicts and instability in its neighbouring countries, while remaining below a certain threshold of violence, allowing it to dodge retaliatory consequences. The authors of the article indicate that the objective of the use of hybrid modes of warfare in Ukraine consists in blurring motives and actors in order to obfuscate a decisive and efficient response. This article argues further that these tactics, if used against a member of the Atlantic Alliance, would effectively allow such an attack to remain below the Article 5 applicability threshold, thereby making it difficult for alliance members to reach consensus on the characterisation of the attack. Even though the member states of NATO and the EU have not been direct targets of Russian actions, former republics of the Soviet Union can be considered to be in the danger zone, based on Russian political statements and its hybrid activities in these countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37911917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc4c29e271cf8c851834aafcc5597ef3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57922917,"asset_id":37911917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57922917/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3492816" href="https://baltdefcol.academia.edu/ViljarVeebel">Viljar Veebel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3492816" type="text/json">{"id":3492816,"first_name":"Viljar","last_name":"Veebel","domain_name":"baltdefcol","page_name":"ViljarVeebel","display_name":"Viljar Veebel","profile_url":"https://baltdefcol.academia.edu/ViljarVeebel?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3492816/1190369/35133214/s65_viljar.veebel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37911917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37911917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37911917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37911917", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37911917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37911917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37911917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37911917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="116900" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Soviet_military_and_diplomatic_history">Russian / Soviet military and diplomatic history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="116900" type="text/json">{"id":116900,"name":"Russian / Soviet military and diplomatic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Soviet_military_and_diplomatic_history?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37911917]'), work: {"id":37911917,"title":"RUSSIAN AMBITIONS AND HYBRID MODES OF WARFARE","created_at":"2018-12-04T08:52:26.107-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37911917/RUSSIAN_AMBITIONS_AND_HYBRID_MODES_OF_WARFARE?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_37911917","summary":"The security policy of the Russian Federation has long involved elements of threat to neighbouring countries and forcing the hand of its political partners. In the last decade, Russia has used hybrid modes of warfare to instigate conflicts and instability in its neighbouring countries, while remaining below a certain threshold of violence, allowing it to dodge retaliatory consequences. The authors of the article indicate that the objective of the use of hybrid modes of warfare in Ukraine consists in blurring motives and actors in order to obfuscate a decisive and efficient response. This article argues further that these tactics, if used against a member of the Atlantic Alliance, would effectively allow such an attack to remain below the Article 5 applicability threshold, thereby making it difficult for alliance members to reach consensus on the characterisation of the attack. Even though the member states of NATO and the EU have not been direct targets of Russian actions, former republics of the Soviet Union can be considered to be in the danger zone, based on Russian political statements and its hybrid activities in these countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57922917,"asset_id":37911917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3492816,"first_name":"Viljar","last_name":"Veebel","domain_name":"baltdefcol","page_name":"ViljarVeebel","display_name":"Viljar Veebel","profile_url":"https://baltdefcol.academia.edu/ViljarVeebel?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3492816/1190369/35133214/s65_viljar.veebel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":116900,"name":"Russian / Soviet military and diplomatic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Soviet_military_and_diplomatic_history?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36482539" data-work_id="36482539" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36482539/Aggression_of_the_Russian_Federation_against_Ukraine_ethnonational_dimension_and_civilizational_confrontation">Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine: ethnonational dimension and civilizational confrontation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hai-Nyzhnyk P., Chupriy L., Fihurnyi Y., Krasnodemska I., Chyrkov O. (2018). Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine: ethnonational dimension and civilizational confrontation. Saarbrucken (Germany): LAP Lambert Academic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36482539" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hai-Nyzhnyk P., Chupriy L., Fihurnyi Y., Krasnodemska I., Chyrkov O. (2018). Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine: ethnonational dimension and civilizational confrontation. Saarbrucken (Germany): LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. 229 p.<br /><br />The expert-analytical study analyzes the preconditions, course and contemporary socio-political consequences of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the Ukrainian nation, which has signs of not only direct and covert, but also inter-state conflict and even civilizational confrontation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36482539" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1dde8a326254d7ebe221a515fbee10ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56473678,"asset_id":36482539,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56473678/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46699096" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA">Павло Гай-Нижник / Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk / Pavlo Haj-Nyžnyk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46699096" type="text/json">{"id":46699096,"first_name":"Павло Гай-Нижник","last_name":"/ Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk / Pavlo Haj-Nyžnyk","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ПавлоГайНижник","display_name":"Павло Гай-Нижник / Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk / Pavlo Haj-Nyžnyk","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46699096/12343300/32907598/s65__-_._pavlo_hai-nyzhnyk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36482539 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36482539"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36482539, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36482539", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36482539]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36482539").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36482539").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36482539"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">51</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5954" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Security_and_Defence_Policy">European Security and Defence Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5954" type="text/json">{"id":5954,"name":"European Security and Defence Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Security_and_Defence_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8616" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_Law">National Security Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8616" type="text/json">{"id":8616,"name":"National Security Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_Law?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36482539]'), work: {"id":36482539,"title":"Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine: ethnonational dimension and civilizational confrontation","created_at":"2018-04-23T14:40:49.149-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36482539/Aggression_of_the_Russian_Federation_against_Ukraine_ethnonational_dimension_and_civilizational_confrontation?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_36482539","summary":"Hai-Nyzhnyk P., Chupriy L., Fihurnyi Y., Krasnodemska I., Chyrkov O. (2018). Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine: ethnonational dimension and civilizational confrontation. Saarbrucken (Germany): LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. 229 p.\n\nThe expert-analytical study analyzes the preconditions, course and contemporary socio-political consequences of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the Ukrainian nation, which has signs of not only direct and covert, but also inter-state conflict and even civilizational confrontation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56473678,"asset_id":36482539,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46699096,"first_name":"Павло Гай-Нижник","last_name":"/ Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk / Pavlo Haj-Nyžnyk","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ПавлоГайНижник","display_name":"Павло Гай-Нижник / Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk / Pavlo Haj-Nyžnyk","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46699096/12343300/32907598/s65__-_._pavlo_hai-nyzhnyk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5954,"name":"European Security and Defence Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Security_and_Defence_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":8616,"name":"National Security Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_Law?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=7669"},{"id":61620,"name":"National Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security?f_ri=7669"},{"id":63322,"name":"Russian-Ukrainian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian-Ukrainian_Relations?f_ri=7669"},{"id":68474,"name":"Etnobiología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etnobiolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=7669"},{"id":86814,"name":"National Security, International Relations Theory, Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_International_Relations_Theory_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":92808,"name":"National Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":93650,"name":"Putin's foreign policies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Putins_foreign_policies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":97713,"name":"National Security and Defence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_and_Defence?f_ri=7669"},{"id":119358,"name":"Defense and National Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defense_and_National_Security?f_ri=7669"},{"id":126483,"name":"Etnobiologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etnobiologia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":333521,"name":"Russian Policy Towards Nato During Putin Presidency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Policy_Towards_Nato_During_Putin_Presidency?f_ri=7669"},{"id":365001,"name":"Status of Crimean tatars in Ukraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Status_of_Crimean_tatars_in_Ukraine?f_ri=7669"},{"id":367546,"name":"Trade and Regiional integration, intellectual property and development,occupational health andn saftety and trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_and_Regiional_integration_intellectual_property_and_development_occupational_health_andn_saft?f_ri=7669"},{"id":418059,"name":"National security strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_security_strategy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":466148,"name":"National Security State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_State?f_ri=7669"},{"id":476236,"name":"National and International Security Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_and_International_Security_Strategies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":541268,"name":"Cognitive Development, Occupational Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Development_Occupational_Stress?f_ri=7669"},{"id":656550,"name":"National Security and Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_and_Strategy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":976136,"name":"Russian National Security Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_National_Security_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1115815,"name":"міжнародне право","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1379849,"name":"Russia Crimean 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class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article for Just Security, the authors explain how the EU institutions (European Commission and External Action Service) and the US are pressing forward with a package assembled by Enlargement Commissioner Oliver Varhelyi, which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69052012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article for Just Security, the authors explain how the EU institutions (European Commission and External Action Service) and the US are pressing forward with a package assembled by Enlargement Commissioner Oliver Varhelyi, which not only continues their pursuit of electoral law and constitutional changes which would reinforce the power and unaccountability of Bosnia and Herzegovina's political elites, but also put huge swathes of BiH land up for natural asset stripping. In addition, genocide denial and war crimes glorification criminal sanctions imposed by High Representative Valentin Inzko would be on the chopping block. These moves reward allied politicians Milorad Dodik and Dragan Covic, who have jointly driven the ongoing crisis in BiH.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69052012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10601232" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/KurtBassuener">Kurt W . Bassuener, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10601232" type="text/json">{"id":10601232,"first_name":"Kurt","last_name":"Bassuener, PhD","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"KurtBassuener","display_name":"Kurt W . 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11309208/_The_Ukrainian_Crisis_and_its_Impact_on_Transforming_Russian_Nationalism_Landscape_in_Agnieszka_Pikulicka_Wilczewska_and_Richard_Sakwa_eds_Ukraine_and_Russia_People_Politics_Propaganda_and_Perspectives_E_IR_Info_2015_123_128">“The Ukrainian Crisis and its Impact on Transforming Russian Nationalism Landscape”, in Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska and Richard Sakwa, eds, Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives, E-IR Info, 2015, 123-128.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11309208" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text 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data-has-card-for-user="270807" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/MarleneLaruelle">Marlene Laruelle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="270807" type="text/json">{"id":270807,"first_name":"Marlene","last_name":"Laruelle","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"MarleneLaruelle","display_name":"Marlene Laruelle","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/MarleneLaruelle?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/270807/4027890/16386881/s65_marlene.laruelle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11309208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11309208"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11309208, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11309208", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11309208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11309208]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11309208").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11309208").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11309208"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics">Russian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5895" type="text/json">{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11309208]'), work: {"id":11309208,"title":"“The Ukrainian Crisis and its Impact on Transforming Russian Nationalism Landscape”, in Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska and Richard Sakwa, eds, Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives, E-IR Info, 2015, 123-128.","created_at":"2015-03-06T10:07:39.124-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11309208/_The_Ukrainian_Crisis_and_its_Impact_on_Transforming_Russian_Nationalism_Landscape_in_Agnieszka_Pikulicka_Wilczewska_and_Richard_Sakwa_eds_Ukraine_and_Russia_People_Politics_Propaganda_and_Perspectives_E_IR_Info_2015_123_128?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_11309208","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36882308,"asset_id":11309208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":270807,"first_name":"Marlene","last_name":"Laruelle","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"MarleneLaruelle","display_name":"Marlene Laruelle","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/MarleneLaruelle?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/270807/4027890/16386881/s65_marlene.laruelle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75752636" data-work_id="75752636" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75752636/Turkey_and_the_Eurasian_Integration_Ideology_or_Pragmatism">Turkey and the Eurasian Integration: Ideology or Pragmatism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While Eurasianism as a political ideology has made a remarkable comeback to the Russian political scene following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it has also attracted considerable interest among Turkish political and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75752636" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While Eurasianism as a political ideology has made a remarkable comeback to the Russian political scene following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it has also attracted considerable interest among Turkish political and intellectual circles since the early 1990s. Yet, Eurasianism in the Turkish context has acquired different ideological meanings in time. In this regard, it is possible to highlight two main strands of Eurasianism in Turkey: one focusing on the prospects for advanced integration between Turkey and the Turkic republics of the Caucasus and Central Asia, and other concentrating on Turkey's strategic cooperation with Russia and China as an alternative to its long-standing ties with the West. While the first approach mainly appeals to nationalistconservative groups in Turkey, the second is supported by the so-called national-patriotic groups. The article aims to discuss Turkey's role in two Eurasia-based international organizations-the Organization of Turkic States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization-as they respectively correspond to the two versions of Eurasianism in Turkey. By analyzing the Turkish governments' policies towards these two organizations, it would also be possible to reveal the influence of Eurasianism as an ideology on Ankara's official approach to the idea of Eurasian integration, in which pragmatic political and economic concerns play an equally important role.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75752636" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bab22bde80a521ed234b982914a0d880" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83398135,"asset_id":75752636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83398135/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="713507" href="https://marmara.academia.edu/EmreErsen">Emre Erşen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="713507" type="text/json">{"id":713507,"first_name":"Emre","last_name":"Erşen","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"EmreErsen","display_name":"Emre Erşen","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/EmreErsen?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/713507/323591/30688859/s65_emre.er_en.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75752636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75752636"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75752636, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75752636", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75752636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75752636; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75752636"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75752636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75752636"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75752636; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75752636]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75752636").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75752636").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75752636"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8539" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasia">Eurasia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8539" type="text/json">{"id":8539,"name":"Eurasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasia?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10966" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey">Turkey</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10966" type="text/json">{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75752636]'), work: {"id":75752636,"title":"Turkey and the Eurasian Integration: Ideology or Pragmatism","created_at":"2022-04-07T13:16:34.320-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75752636/Turkey_and_the_Eurasian_Integration_Ideology_or_Pragmatism?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_75752636","summary":"While Eurasianism as a political ideology has made a remarkable comeback to the Russian political scene following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it has also attracted considerable interest among Turkish political and intellectual circles since the early 1990s. Yet, Eurasianism in the Turkish context has acquired different ideological meanings in time. In this regard, it is possible to highlight two main strands of Eurasianism in Turkey: one focusing on the prospects for advanced integration between Turkey and the Turkic republics of the Caucasus and Central Asia, and other concentrating on Turkey's strategic cooperation with Russia and China as an alternative to its long-standing ties with the West. While the first approach mainly appeals to nationalistconservative groups in Turkey, the second is supported by the so-called national-patriotic groups. The article aims to discuss Turkey's role in two Eurasia-based international organizations-the Organization of Turkic States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization-as they respectively correspond to the two versions of Eurasianism in Turkey. By analyzing the Turkish governments' policies towards these two organizations, it would also be possible to reveal the influence of Eurasianism as an ideology on Ankara's official approach to the idea of Eurasian integration, in which pragmatic political and economic concerns play an equally important role.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83398135,"asset_id":75752636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":713507,"first_name":"Emre","last_name":"Erşen","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"EmreErsen","display_name":"Emre Erşen","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/EmreErsen?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/713507/323591/30688859/s65_emre.er_en.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":8539,"name":"Eurasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasia?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":28723,"name":"Turkey in World Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey_in_World_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":33368,"name":"Eurasianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasianism?f_ri=7669"},{"id":965931,"name":"Shanghai Cooperation Organisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation?f_ri=7669"},{"id":2621163,"name":"Caucasus and Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caucasus_and_Central_Asia?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8776021" data-work_id="8776021" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8776021/The_Snipers_Massacre_on_the_Maidan_in_Ukraine">The “Snipers’ Massacre” on the Maidan in Ukraine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The massacre of almost 50 Maidan protesters on February 20, 2014 was a turning point in Ukrainian politics and a tipping point in the conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. This mass killing of the protesters and the mass... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8776021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The massacre of almost 50 Maidan protesters on February 20, 2014 was a turning point in Ukrainian politics and a tipping point in the conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. This mass killing of the protesters and the mass shooting of the police that preceded it led to the overthrow of the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych and gave a start to a civil war in Donbas in Eastern Ukraine, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. A conclusion promoted by the post-Yanukovych governments and the media in Ukraine that the massacre was perpetrated by government snipers and special police units on a Yanukovych order has been nearly universally accepted by the Western governments, the media, and many scholars. The Ukrainian government investigation identified members of the special company of Berkut as responsible for killings of the absolute majority of the protesters, but did not release any evidence in support, with the exception of videos of the massacre. <br />              The question is which side organized the “snipers’ massacre.” This paper is the first academic study of this crucial case of the mass killing. It uses a theory of rational choice and a Weberian theory of instrumental rationality to examine actions of major actors both from the Yanukovych government, specifically various police and security forces, and the Maidan opposition, specifically its far right and oligarchic elements, during the massacre. <br />          The paper analyzes a large amount of evidence from different publicly available sources concerning this massacre and killings of specifics protesters. Qualitative content analysis includes the following data: about 1,500 videos and recordings of live internet and TV broadcasts from mass media and social media in different countries(some 150 gigabytes), news reports and social media posts by more than 100 journalists covering the massacre from Kyiv, some 5,000 photos, and nearly 30 gigabytes of publicly available radio intercepts of snipers and commanders from the special Alfa unit of the Security Service of Ukraine and Internal Troops, and Maidan massacre trial recordings. This study also employs field research on site of the massacre, eyewitness reports by both Maidan protesters and government special units commanders, statements by both former and current government officials, estimates of approximate ballistic trajectories, bullets and weapons used, and types of wounds among both protesters and the police. This study establishes a precise timeline for various events of the massacre, the locations of both the shooters and the government snipers, and the specific timeline and locations of nearly 50 protesters’ deaths. It also briefly analyzes other major cases of violence during and after the “Euromaidan.” This study includes two video appendixes. <br />            This academic investigation concludes that the massacre was a false flag operation, which was rationally planned and carried out with a goal of the overthrow of the government and seizure of power. It found various evidence of the involvement of an alliance of the far right organizations, specifically the Right Sector and Svoboda, and oligarchic parties, such as Fatherland. Concealed shooters and spotters were located in at least 20 Maidan-controlled buildings or areas. The various evidence that the protesters were killed from these locations include some 70 testimonies, primarily by Maidan protesters, several videos of “snipers” targeting protesters from these buildings, comparisons of positions of the specific protesters at the time of their killing and their entry wounds, and bullet impact signs. The study uncovered various videos and photos of armed Maidan “snipers” and spotters in many of these buildings. The paper presents implications of these findings for understanding the nature of the change of the government in Ukraine, the civil war in Donbas, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8776021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5eaefdb9cf9ca7e8d8afd3227f6a151" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55794502,"asset_id":8776021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55794502/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186256" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski">Ivan Katchanovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186256" type="text/json">{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8776021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8776021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8776021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8776021", }); 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This mass killing of the protesters and the mass shooting of the police that preceded it led to the overthrow of the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych and gave a start to a civil war in Donbas in Eastern Ukraine, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. A conclusion promoted by the post-Yanukovych governments and the media in Ukraine that the massacre was perpetrated by government snipers and special police units on a Yanukovych order has been nearly universally accepted by the Western governments, the media, and many scholars. The Ukrainian government investigation identified members of the special company of Berkut as responsible for killings of the absolute majority of the protesters, but did not release any evidence in support, with the exception of videos of the massacre. \r\n The question is which side organized the “snipers’ massacre.” This paper is the first academic study of this crucial case of the mass killing. It uses a theory of rational choice and a Weberian theory of instrumental rationality to examine actions of major actors both from the Yanukovych government, specifically various police and security forces, and the Maidan opposition, specifically its far right and oligarchic elements, during the massacre. \r\n The paper analyzes a large amount of evidence from different publicly available sources concerning this massacre and killings of specifics protesters. Qualitative content analysis includes the following data: about 1,500 videos and recordings of live internet and TV broadcasts from mass media and social media in different countries(some 150 gigabytes), news reports and social media posts by more than 100 journalists covering the massacre from Kyiv, some 5,000 photos, and nearly 30 gigabytes of publicly available radio intercepts of snipers and commanders from the special Alfa unit of the Security Service of Ukraine and Internal Troops, and Maidan massacre trial recordings. This study also employs field research on site of the massacre, eyewitness reports by both Maidan protesters and government special units commanders, statements by both former and current government officials, estimates of approximate ballistic trajectories, bullets and weapons used, and types of wounds among both protesters and the police. This study establishes a precise timeline for various events of the massacre, the locations of both the shooters and the government snipers, and the specific timeline and locations of nearly 50 protesters’ deaths. It also briefly analyzes other major cases of violence during and after the “Euromaidan.” This study includes two video appendixes. \r\n This academic investigation concludes that the massacre was a false flag operation, which was rationally planned and carried out with a goal of the overthrow of the government and seizure of power. It found various evidence of the involvement of an alliance of the far right organizations, specifically the Right Sector and Svoboda, and oligarchic parties, such as Fatherland. Concealed shooters and spotters were located in at least 20 Maidan-controlled buildings or areas. The various evidence that the protesters were killed from these locations include some 70 testimonies, primarily by Maidan protesters, several videos of “snipers” targeting protesters from these buildings, comparisons of positions of the specific protesters at the time of their killing and their entry wounds, and bullet impact signs. The study uncovered various videos and photos of armed Maidan “snipers” and spotters in many of these buildings. The paper presents implications of these findings for understanding the nature of the change of the government in Ukraine, the civil war in Donbas, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55794502,"asset_id":8776021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":201,"name":"Political 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href="https://www.academia.edu/40763708/Russian_Energy_to_Europe_Western_Balkans_as_the_Security_of_Demand_Device">Russian Energy to Europe: Western Balkans as the Security of Demand Device</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: The security of demand for fossil fuels (crude oil, oil products, natural gas and coal) in the wider Central Europe is determined by energy intensity of economies, economic activity, access to maritime trade and availability of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40763708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: The security of demand for fossil fuels (crude oil, oil products, natural gas and coal) in the wider Central Europe is determined by energy intensity of economies, economic activity, access to maritime trade and availability of substitutes. Assuming that the Western Balkan countries are (collectively) potential providers of access to maritime trade and specific substitutes, their collective and individual governance (including cross border cooperation, use of infrastructure, urban planning, etc.) determines the actual use of that potential. If the quality of governance is not adequate, it represents an effective barrier to access for overseas traders (to use existing infrastructure), Central European traders (to trade substitutes) and investors into new<br />infrastructure. The introduction of inadequate governance is a device at disposal of incumbent suppliers to ensure the security of demand. The use of this device remains cost-effective as long as the costs are low, and the resource rents are high. Incumbent suppliers need a certain degree of coordination and coercive capacity of the state to avoid free riders and increase the cost-effectiveness of the device. Such barriers to trade tend to simultaneously increase the costs and risks of supplying energy to some EU consumers and the political risks for the EU as a whole. In the context of climate change, these barriers to access limit policy options and increase the social and political costs of transition to sustainable energy. The countries of the Western Balkan collectively refrain from utilising existing infrastructure and are maximising demand for boondoggle investments in new infrastructure, resource rents and financial liquidity. The likelihood of poverty reduction remains negligible low, while the risks to development aid providers are maximised.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40763708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="84b52a095d7bea3be2e2fe87c8f985e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61044323,"asset_id":40763708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61044323/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14191058" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KovacevicAleksandar">Aleksandar Kovacevic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14191058" type="text/json">{"id":14191058,"first_name":"Aleksandar","last_name":"Kovacevic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KovacevicAleksandar","display_name":"Aleksandar Kovacevic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KovacevicAleksandar?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14191058/30074403/27915501/s65_aleksandar.kovacevic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40763708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40763708"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40763708, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40763708", }); 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Assuming that the Western Balkan countries are (collectively) potential providers of access to maritime trade and specific substitutes, their collective and individual governance (including cross border cooperation, use of infrastructure, urban planning, etc.) determines the actual use of that potential. If the quality of governance is not adequate, it represents an effective barrier to access for overseas traders (to use existing infrastructure), Central European traders (to trade substitutes) and investors into new\ninfrastructure. The introduction of inadequate governance is a device at disposal of incumbent suppliers to ensure the security of demand. The use of this device remains cost-effective as long as the costs are low, and the resource rents are high. Incumbent suppliers need a certain degree of coordination and coercive capacity of the state to avoid free riders and increase the cost-effectiveness of the device. Such barriers to trade tend to simultaneously increase the costs and risks of supplying energy to some EU consumers and the political risks for the EU as a whole. In the context of climate change, these barriers to access limit policy options and increase the social and political costs of transition to sustainable energy. The countries of the Western Balkan collectively refrain from utilising existing infrastructure and are maximising demand for boondoggle investments in new infrastructure, resource rents and financial liquidity. The likelihood of poverty reduction remains negligible low, while the risks to development aid providers are maximised.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61044323,"asset_id":40763708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14191058,"first_name":"Aleksandar","last_name":"Kovacevic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KovacevicAleksandar","display_name":"Aleksandar Kovacevic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KovacevicAleksandar?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14191058/30074403/27915501/s65_aleksandar.kovacevic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":8472,"name":"European Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Energy_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":23421,"name":"Yugoslavia (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yugoslavia_History_?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":57351,"name":"Energy Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":77142,"name":"Montenegro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Montenegro?f_ri=7669"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=7669"},{"id":103886,"name":"EU energy security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_energy_security?f_ri=7669"},{"id":371251,"name":"European Union State Aid and State Regulation Law, European Internal Market Law, European Competition Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_State_Aid_and_State_Regulation_Law_European_Internal_Market_Law_European_Competitio?f_ri=7669"},{"id":378565,"name":"Danube region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danube_region?f_ri=7669"},{"id":420587,"name":"Danube navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danube_navigation?f_ri=7669"},{"id":480784,"name":"European Energy Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Energy_Security?f_ri=7669"},{"id":921922,"name":"Socio-Economic Study of Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-Economic_Study_of_Forestry?f_ri=7669"},{"id":2055906,"name":"Breakup of the former Yugoslavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breakup_of_the_former_Yugoslavia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":3132991,"name":"Western Balkan Economies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkan_Economies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":3426614,"name":"Strategic hydro power ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_hydro_power?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25830061" data-work_id="25830061" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25830061/Assessing_the_three_main_security_threats_facing_Europe_in_the_wake_of_the_Ukraine_crisis">Assessing the three main security threats facing Europe in the wake of the Ukraine crisis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The crisis in Ukraine, which began in 2013, has had significant implications for European security. Cristian Nitoiu identifies three perceived security threats implied by developments in Ukraine and how these threats may develop in future... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25830061" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The crisis in Ukraine, which began in 2013, has had significant implications for European security. Cristian Nitoiu identifies three perceived security threats implied by developments in Ukraine and how these threats may develop in future years: the threat of so called 'hybrid warfare' spilling over from the standoff between Ukraine and Russia; the threat posed by nuclear weapons; and the threat posed by more conventional forms of warfare. Perceptions of security threats are arguably more salient than actual threats, most times having a deep influence on the actions of states and other international actors. Hence, they play a key role in the way the EU, Kyiv and Moscow will shape their policies towards each other in the wake of the Ukraine crisis. While Russia can employ a wide range of capabilities, the EU and Ukraine have very few instruments to tackle security threats, be they traditional or nontraditional. In the case of Ukraine, but also more broadly the postSoviet space, EURussia/Ukraine relations are affected by the perception of three types of security threats: so called 'hybrid warfare', nuclear threats and traditional military threats (i.e. territorial invasion). Hybrid warfare In the West and Ukraine the perception of the threat posed by hybrid war has recently increased sharply. The annexation of Crimea and the war in eastern Ukraine have put the spotlight on the way states engage in conflict by using a series of (sometimes innovative) tools and strategies. Hybrid war combines the use of conventional and nonconventional capabilities, the use of irregular troops, cyberattacks, support for terrorist, rebel and criminal groups, or the use of the media and civil society for propaganda purposes. In eastern Ukraine in particular we have witnessed a combination of the use of both state and nonstate actors by all the sides involved. States tend to use parts of this toolkit even in times of peace, however in such situations these instruments are not combined in order to pursue certain assertive foreign policy goals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25830061" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="52592061e436795ec53161d3f8836643" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46196549,"asset_id":25830061,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46196549/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="379481" href="https://lborolondon.academia.edu/CristianNitoiu">Cristian Nitoiu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="379481" type="text/json">{"id":379481,"first_name":"Cristian","last_name":"Nitoiu","domain_name":"lborolondon","page_name":"CristianNitoiu","display_name":"Cristian Nitoiu","profile_url":"https://lborolondon.academia.edu/CristianNitoiu?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/379481/117637/8854838/s65_cristian.nitoiu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25830061 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25830061"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25830061, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25830061", }); 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Cristian Nitoiu identifies three perceived security threats implied by developments in Ukraine and how these threats may develop in future years: the threat of so called 'hybrid warfare' spilling over from the standoff between Ukraine and Russia; the threat posed by nuclear weapons; and the threat posed by more conventional forms of warfare. Perceptions of security threats are arguably more salient than actual threats, most times having a deep influence on the actions of states and other international actors. Hence, they play a key role in the way the EU, Kyiv and Moscow will shape their policies towards each other in the wake of the Ukraine crisis. While Russia can employ a wide range of capabilities, the EU and Ukraine have very few instruments to tackle security threats, be they traditional or nontraditional. In the case of Ukraine, but also more broadly the postSoviet space, EURussia/Ukraine relations are affected by the perception of three types of security threats: so called 'hybrid warfare', nuclear threats and traditional military threats (i.e. territorial invasion). Hybrid warfare In the West and Ukraine the perception of the threat posed by hybrid war has recently increased sharply. The annexation of Crimea and the war in eastern Ukraine have put the spotlight on the way states engage in conflict by using a series of (sometimes innovative) tools and strategies. Hybrid war combines the use of conventional and nonconventional capabilities, the use of irregular troops, cyberattacks, support for terrorist, rebel and criminal groups, or the use of the media and civil society for propaganda purposes. In eastern Ukraine in particular we have witnessed a combination of the use of both state and nonstate actors by all the sides involved. States tend to use parts of this toolkit even in times of peace, however in such situations these instruments are not combined in order to pursue certain assertive foreign policy goals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46196549,"asset_id":25830061,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":379481,"first_name":"Cristian","last_name":"Nitoiu","domain_name":"lborolondon","page_name":"CristianNitoiu","display_name":"Cristian Nitoiu","profile_url":"https://lborolondon.academia.edu/CristianNitoiu?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/379481/117637/8854838/s65_cristian.nitoiu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy 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data-has-card-for-ri="12396" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Soviet_Studies">Post-Soviet Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12396" type="text/json">{"id":12396,"name":"Post-Soviet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Soviet_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/US-Russian_relations">US-Russian relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262123" type="text/json">{"id":262123,"name":"US-Russian relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/US-Russian_relations?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="629415" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ukraine">History of Ukraine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="629415" type="text/json">{"id":629415,"name":"History of 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Gretskiy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IgorGretskiy?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58367218/25834080/26149338/s65_igor.gretskiy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":12396,"name":"Post-Soviet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Soviet_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":262123,"name":"US-Russian relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/US-Russian_relations?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":629415,"name":"History of Ukraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ukraine?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72071351" data-work_id="72071351" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72071351/Att_m%C3%B6ta_hybridhot_och_hybridkrigf%C3%B6ring">Att möta hybridhot och hybridkrigföring</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Security challenges arising from hybrid threats and hybrid warfare, HT&HW, are today high on the security agenda not only in Sweden but across the globe. Despite the attention and the growing body of studies on the subject, there is a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72071351" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Security challenges arising from hybrid threats and hybrid warfare, HT&HW, are today high on the security agenda not only in Sweden but across the globe. Despite the attention and the growing body of studies on the subject, there is a lack of research bringing attention to how these challenges can be addressed. This article contributes to such an approach by sharing the findings of a project that brings together practitioners and scholarly perspectives on this subject spanning the threats themselves as well as the tools and means to counter them. The article outlines the Western response to hybrid threats and hybrid warfare. It is argued that there is no single response to HT&HW, nor to building resilience. HT&HW needs to be addressed through a comprehensive, all-inclusive approach. Finally, the article outlines how we address these challenges in practice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72071351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cbbe649d5a35f83cc7f7ea9538aafb5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81148620,"asset_id":72071351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81148620/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="149406" href="https://fhs.academia.edu/MikaelWeissmann">Mikael Weissmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="149406" type="text/json">{"id":149406,"first_name":"Mikael","last_name":"Weissmann","domain_name":"fhs","page_name":"MikaelWeissmann","display_name":"Mikael Weissmann","profile_url":"https://fhs.academia.edu/MikaelWeissmann?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/149406/775099/59747628/s65_mikael.weissmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72071351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72071351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72071351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72071351", }); 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Despite the attention and the growing body of studies on the subject, there is a lack of research bringing attention to how these challenges can be addressed. This article contributes to such an approach by sharing the findings of a project that brings together practitioners and scholarly perspectives on this subject spanning the threats themselves as well as the tools and means to counter them. The article outlines the Western response to hybrid threats and hybrid warfare. It is argued that there is no single response to HT\u0026HW, nor to building resilience. HT\u0026HW needs to be addressed through a comprehensive, all-inclusive approach. Finally, the article outlines how we address these challenges in practice.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81148620,"asset_id":72071351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":149406,"first_name":"Mikael","last_name":"Weissmann","domain_name":"fhs","page_name":"MikaelWeissmann","display_name":"Mikael Weissmann","profile_url":"https://fhs.academia.edu/MikaelWeissmann?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/149406/775099/59747628/s65_mikael.weissmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":4138,"name":"Hybridity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridity?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":4810,"name":"Information Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":42194,"name":"Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Warfare?f_ri=7669"},{"id":61620,"name":"National Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security?f_ri=7669"},{"id":115676,"name":"Cyber Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyber_Security?f_ri=7669"},{"id":119358,"name":"Defense and National Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defense_and_National_Security?f_ri=7669"},{"id":174704,"name":"Defence and Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence_and_Strategic_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":218563,"name":"Assymetric warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assymetric_warfare?f_ri=7669"},{"id":346639,"name":"Intelligence and security studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_and_security_studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":378350,"name":"Hybrid Threats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrid_Threats?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1038695,"name":"Grey Zone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grey_Zone?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1328172,"name":"Hybrid Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrid_Warfare?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41329941" data-work_id="41329941" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41329941/Recensione_di_SIMONE_ATTILIO_BELLEZZA_a_cura_di_Atlante_geopolitico_dello_spazio_post_sovietico_Brescia_Editrice_La_Scuola_2016_209_pp">Recensione di SIMONE ATTILIO BELLEZZA (a cura di), Atlante geopolitico dello spazio post-sovietico. Brescia, Editrice La Scuola, 2016, 209 pp.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41329941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87c251e7b7e1e87961abd2265c03073f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61532990,"asset_id":41329941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61532990/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25998930" href="https://unige.academia.edu/IacopoAdda">Iacopo Adda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25998930" type="text/json">{"id":25998930,"first_name":"Iacopo","last_name":"Adda","domain_name":"unige","page_name":"IacopoAdda","display_name":"Iacopo Adda","profile_url":"https://unige.academia.edu/IacopoAdda?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25998930/12267462/139713028/s65_iacopo.adda.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41329941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41329941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41329941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41329941", }); 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type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies">Iranian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5218" type="text/json">{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40662818]'), work: {"id":40662818,"title":"طرح 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u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Russian leaders (especially Gorbachev and Yeltsin) have struggled to be part of the international community as a great power. Facing a reluctance — if not isolation — caused by a Cold-War paradigm... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31890667" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Russian leaders (especially Gorbachev and Yeltsin) have struggled to be part of the international community as a great power. Facing a reluctance — if not isolation — caused by a Cold-War paradigm which takes the form of Atlanticism, the Russian Federation had to shift from Western integration to the re-establishment of regional influence. This shift has several justifications aside from Russian international exclusion: first, when Putin was elected, Russia was slowly recovering from its collapse, thus had more leverage to initiate regional influence. Moreover, and to counter Atlanticist exclusion, Putin headed towards regional influence to set up Russia for the upcoming multi-polar world — by opposition with the ‘New World Order’ presented by the United States at the end of the Cold War. The question whether Russia is a normal great power or a hegemon implies different implications: first, considering the West-oriented current world order, is an objective assessment of both terms and both terms applied to Russia objective? Does Russia meet the criterions for being called a great power? Does it tend to be a hegemon?<br /> As a matter of fact, the answer can vary according to one’s view but also and essentially according to one’s perspective. Consequently, I will first attempt to contextualise the tensions between the West and Russia which led the latter to oppose the former and thus to tend toward hegemonism. Second, one will have a look at the differences between a great power and a hegemon as an attempt to apply as objectively as possible the different criterions on Russia to determine whether it is an hegemon. Moreover,  Russia’s heritage provides a comprehensive explanation for its foreign policy choices. The final point will be that by becoming a regional hegemon, Russia can pretend to a normal great power status as it is the contemporary requirement for playing the role to which it aspire to in international affairs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31890667" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e797b9484f5442650f79619b649636a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52175596,"asset_id":31890667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52175596/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26588082" href="https://kent.academia.edu/JoanneZa">Joanne Za</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26588082" type="text/json">{"id":26588082,"first_name":"Joanne","last_name":"Za","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"JoanneZa","display_name":"Joanne Za","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/JoanneZa?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26588082/7399972/8318322/s65_joanne.za.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31890667 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31890667"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31890667, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31890667", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31890667]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31890667").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31890667").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31890667"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5214" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War">Cold War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5214" type="text/json">{"id":5214,"name":"Cold War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics">Russian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5895" type="text/json">{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15455" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History">Russian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15455" type="text/json">{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31890667]'), work: {"id":31890667,"title":"Is Russia a normal great power or a hegemon","created_at":"2017-03-16T04:31:38.917-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31890667/Is_Russia_a_normal_great_power_or_a_hegemon?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_31890667","summary":"since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Russian leaders (especially Gorbachev and Yeltsin) have struggled to be part of the international community as a great power. Facing a reluctance — if not isolation — caused by a Cold-War paradigm which takes the form of Atlanticism, the Russian Federation had to shift from Western integration to the re-establishment of regional influence. This shift has several justifications aside from Russian international exclusion: first, when Putin was elected, Russia was slowly recovering from its collapse, thus had more leverage to initiate regional influence. Moreover, and to counter Atlanticist exclusion, Putin headed towards regional influence to set up Russia for the upcoming multi-polar world — by opposition with the ‘New World Order’ presented by the United States at the end of the Cold War. The question whether Russia is a normal great power or a hegemon implies different implications: first, considering the West-oriented current world order, is an objective assessment of both terms and both terms applied to Russia objective? Does Russia meet the criterions for being called a great power? Does it tend to be a hegemon?\n\tAs a matter of fact, the answer can vary according to one’s view but also and essentially according to one’s perspective. Consequently, I will first attempt to contextualise the tensions between the West and Russia which led the latter to oppose the former and thus to tend toward hegemonism. Second, one will have a look at the differences between a great power and a hegemon as an attempt to apply as objectively as possible the different criterions on Russia to determine whether it is an hegemon. Moreover, Russia’s heritage provides a comprehensive explanation for its foreign policy choices. The final point will be that by becoming a regional hegemon, Russia can pretend to a normal great power status as it is the contemporary requirement for playing the role to which it aspire to in international affairs. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52175596,"asset_id":31890667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26588082,"first_name":"Joanne","last_name":"Za","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"JoanneZa","display_name":"Joanne Za","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/JoanneZa?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26588082/7399972/8318322/s65_joanne.za.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5214,"name":"Cold War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=7669"},{"id":150067,"name":"Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegemony_and_Counter-Hegemony?f_ri=7669"},{"id":470695,"name":"Atlanticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlanticism?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18931338" data-work_id="18931338" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18931338/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F">Славянофильская парадигма правопонимания</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18931338" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cbdc048c0d0cee75b1ccbd29d4794337" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40335663,"asset_id":18931338,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40335663/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39060054" href="https://u-paris10.academia.edu/ClementDetry">Clement Detry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39060054" type="text/json">{"id":39060054,"first_name":"Clement","last_name":"Detry","domain_name":"u-paris10","page_name":"ClementDetry","display_name":"Clement Detry","profile_url":"https://u-paris10.academia.edu/ClementDetry?f_ri=7669","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18931338 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18931338"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18931338, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18931338", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18931338 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18931338; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18931338"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18931338 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18931338"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18931338; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18931338]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18931338").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18931338").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18931338"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="268" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics">Political Geography and Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="268" type="text/json">{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2064" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geopolitics">Critical Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2064" type="text/json">{"id":2064,"name":"Critical Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18931338]'), work: {"id":18931338,"title":"Славянофильская парадигма правопонимания","created_at":"2015-11-24T08:05:52.992-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18931338/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_18931338","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40335663,"asset_id":18931338,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39060054,"first_name":"Clement","last_name":"Detry","domain_name":"u-paris10","page_name":"ClementDetry","display_name":"Clement Detry","profile_url":"https://u-paris10.academia.edu/ClementDetry?f_ri=7669","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":2064,"name":"Critical Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=7669"},{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=7669"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=7669"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=7669"},{"id":12934,"name":"Russian Religious Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Religious_Philosophy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":13630,"name":"Russian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Philosophy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":58937,"name":"Slavic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic_Studies?f_ri=7669"},{"id":59858,"name":"Geopolitcs and Geostrategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitcs_and_Geostrategy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":489525,"name":"История русской философии, History of Russian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_History_of_Russian_Philosophy?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12128832" data-work_id="12128832" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12128832/The_Dead_Hand_of_the_Past">The Dead Hand of the Past</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Polish-Russian relations and their prospects, to 2003, chapter 9 of Poland's Transformation: A Work in Progress (2003), edited by Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, John Radzilowski, and Dariusz Tolczyk</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12128832" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e75414f4803faacd7851921c28351ad9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37438389,"asset_id":12128832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37438389/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1271222" href="https://uasalaska.academia.edu/JohnRadzilowski">John Radzilowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1271222" type="text/json">{"id":1271222,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Radzilowski","domain_name":"uasalaska","page_name":"JohnRadzilowski","display_name":"John Radzilowski","profile_url":"https://uasalaska.academia.edu/JohnRadzilowski?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1271222/7042248/19752511/s65_john.radzilowski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12128832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12128832"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12128832, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12128832", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12128832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12128832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12128832").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12128832").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12128832"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3622" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_History">Polish History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3622" type="text/json">{"id":3622,"name":"Polish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy">Russian Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7669" type="text/json">{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_Studies">Polish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15689" type="text/json">{"id":15689,"name":"Polish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27641" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soviet_post-Soviet_Russian_politics">Soviet, post-Soviet, Russian politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27641" type="text/json">{"id":27641,"name":"Soviet, post-Soviet, Russian politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soviet_post-Soviet_Russian_politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12128832]'), work: {"id":12128832,"title":"The Dead Hand of the Past","created_at":"2015-04-27T13:09:30.273-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12128832/The_Dead_Hand_of_the_Past?f_ri=7669","dom_id":"work_12128832","summary":"Polish-Russian relations and their prospects, to 2003, chapter 9 of Poland's Transformation: A Work in Progress (2003), edited by Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, John Radzilowski, and Dariusz Tolczyk","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37438389,"asset_id":12128832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1271222,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Radzilowski","domain_name":"uasalaska","page_name":"JohnRadzilowski","display_name":"John Radzilowski","profile_url":"https://uasalaska.academia.edu/JohnRadzilowski?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1271222/7042248/19752511/s65_john.radzilowski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3622,"name":"Polish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_History?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":15689,"name":"Polish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_Studies?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":27641,"name":"Soviet, post-Soviet, Russian politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soviet_post-Soviet_Russian_politics?f_ri=7669","nofollow":false},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669"},{"id":201899,"name":"Polish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=7669"},{"id":1186656,"name":"Transition in Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transition_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=7669"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66981440" data-work_id="66981440" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66981440/Paradiso_and_Campanelli_v_Italy_The_ECHR_Validates_the_Sale_of_a_Child_Through_Surrogacy">Paradiso and Campanelli v Italy: The ECHR Validates the Sale of a Child Through Surrogacy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">On January 27th 2015, in the case of Paradiso and Campanelli v. Italy, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) decided, by five votes to two, that a child born by surrogacy abroad and those who ordered him enjoy protection of the right... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66981440" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">On January 27th 2015, in the case of Paradiso and Campanelli v. Italy, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) decided, by five votes to two, that a child born by surrogacy abroad and those who ordered him enjoy protection of the right to family life even though the child was obtained fraudulently, against payment, without genetic link and after a very short period of cohabitation. The Court concluded that Italy could refuse to recognise the filiation established in Russia, but that taking the child away from the sponsors infringed their right to private and family life.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66981440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29422623" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClairedeLaHougue">Claire de La Hougue</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29422623" type="text/json">{"id":29422623,"first_name":"Claire de La","last_name":"Hougue","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClairedeLaHougue","display_name":"Claire de La Hougue","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClairedeLaHougue?f_ri=7669","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29422623/19024334/18971972/s65_claire_de_la.hougue.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66981440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66981440"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66981440, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66981440", }); 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