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id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Ernest Courtot de Cissey</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" width="40" height="40" 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Please help <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey&action=edit">improve this article</a> by introducing <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to additional sources.</span> <small><i>(February 2012)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, related reading or <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, but <b>its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by introducing more precise citations.</span> <small><i>(February 2012)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 22em;"> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="n" style="text-align: center; font-size: 132%;"><span class="fn">Ernest Courtot de Cissey</span></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cissey.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Cissey.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cissey.jpg/220px-Cissey.jpg" width="220" height="318" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Cissey.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Cissey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="428"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lavender; text-align: center">35th <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br/> 22 May 1874 – 10 March 1875</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_duc_de_Broglie" title="Albert, duc de Broglie" class="mw-redirect">Albert, duc de Broglie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Louis Buffet</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lavender; text-align: center">Personal details</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Born</th> <td>12 September 1810<br/> Paris</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Died</th> <td>15 June 1882<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1882-06-15</span>)</span> (aged 71)<br/> Paris</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Political party</th> <td>None</td> </tr> </table> <p><b>Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de Cissey</b> (<small>French: </small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_French" title="Help:IPA for French">[ɛʁnɛst kuʁto də sise]</a></span>; 1810 – 1882) was a French general and Prime Minister.</p> <p>de Cissey was born in Paris, educated at the <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prytan%C3%A9e_National_Militaire" title="Prytanée National Militaire">Prytanée National Militaire</a>, and after passing through <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_Sp%C3%A9ciale_Militaire_de_Saint-Cyr" title="École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr" class="mw-redirect">St Cyr</a>, entered the army in 1832, becoming captain in 1839.</p> <p>He saw active service in <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, and became <i>chef d'escadron</i> in 1849 and lieutenant-colonel in 1850. He took part as a colonel in the <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, and after the <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Inkerman" title="Battle of Inkerman">battle of Inkerman</a> received the rank of general of brigade.</p> <p>In 1863 he was promoted general of division. When the <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-German_War" title="Franco-German War" class="mw-redirect">Franco-German War</a> broke out in 1870, de Cissey was given a divisional command in the Army of the Rhine, and he was included in the surrender of <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Achille_Bazaine" title="François Achille Bazaine">Bazaine</a>'s army at <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>. He was released from captivity only at the end of the war, and on his return was at once appointed by the <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines" class="mw-redirect">Versailles</a> government to a command in the army engaged in the suppression of the Commune, a task in the execution of which he displayed great rigour.</p> <p>From July 1871 de Cissey sat as a deputy, and he had already become minister of war. He occupied this post several times during the critical period of the reorganization of the French army, and served briefly as <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> from 1874 to 1875. In 1875, he was elected <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senator_for_life" title="Senator for life">senator for life</a>. In 1880, whilst holding the command of the XI corps at Nantes, he was accused of having relations with a certain Baroness Kaula, who was said to be a spy in the pay of Germany, and he was in consequence relieved from duty. An inquiry subsequently held resulted in de Cissey's favour (1881).</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cissey.27s_Ministry.2C_22_May_1874_.E2.80.93_10_March_1875">Cissey's Ministry, 22 May 1874 – 10 March 1875</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cissey's Ministry, 22 May 1874 – 10 March 1875">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li>Ernest Courtot de Cissey – <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">President of the Council</a> and <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Defense_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Defense Ministers of France" class="mw-redirect">Minister of War</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis,_duc_Decazes" title="Louis, duc Decazes">Louis Decazes</a> – <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Foreign_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Foreign Ministers of France" class="mw-redirect">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Bardi_de_Fourtou" title="Oscar Bardi de Fourtou">Oscar Bardi de Fourtou</a> – <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Interior_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Interior Ministers of France">Minister of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Pierre Magne</a> – <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Finance_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Finance Ministers of France">Minister of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adrien_Tailhand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrien Tailhand (page does not exist)">Adrien Tailhand</a> – <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Justice_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Justice Ministers of France" class="mw-redirect">Minister of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Raymond_de_Montaignac_de_Chauvance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Raymond de Montaignac de Chauvance (page does not exist)">Louis Raymond de Montaignac de Chauvance</a> – <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Naval_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Naval Ministers of France">Minister of Marine and Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_de_Cumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur de Cumont (page does not exist)">Arthur de Cumont</a> – <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Education_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Education Ministers of France">Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène Caillaux (page does not exist)">Eugène Caillaux</a> – Minister of Public Works</li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Grivart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Grivart (page does not exist)">Louis Grivart</a> – Minister of Agriculture and Commerce</li> </ul> <p><b>Changes</b></p> <ul> <li>20 July 1874 – The <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois,_baron_de_Chabaud-Latour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François, baron de Chabaud-Latour (page does not exist)">Baron de Chabaud-Latour</a> succeeds Fourtou as Minister of the Interior. <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Mathieu-Bodet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Mathieu-Bodet (page does not exist)">Pierre Mathieu-Bodet</a> succeeds Magne as Minister of Finance.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="12" height="13" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"/></a> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <span id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "<a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cissey,_Ernest_Louis_Octave_Courtot_de" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cissey, Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de">Cissey, Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de</a>". <i><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnest+Courtot+de+Cissey&rft.atitle=Cissey%2C+Ernest+Louis+Octave+Courtot+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=11th&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527192211/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=3062">Les députés français depuis 1789: Ernest de Cissey</a></li> </ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_duc_de_Broglie" title="Albert, duc de Broglie" class="mw-redirect">Duc de Broglie</a></span></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">Prime Minister of France</a></b><br/> 22 May 1874 – 10 March 1875</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Louis Buffet</a></span></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Charles_Le_Fl%C3%B4" title="Adolphe Charles Le Flô" class="mw-redirect">Adolphe Charles Le Flô</a></span></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(France)" title="Minister of Defence (France)">Minister of War</a></b><br/> 5 June 1871 – 25 May 1873</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Claude_du_Barail" title="François Claude du Barail">François Claude du Barail</a></span></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Claude_du_Barail" title="François Claude du Barail">François Claude du Barail</a></span></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(France)" title="Minister of Defence (France)">Minister of War</a></b><br/> 22 May 1874 – 15 August 1876</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Auguste_Berthaud" title="Jean Auguste Berthaud" class="mw-redirect">Jean Auguste Berthaud</a></span></td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Heads_of_government_of_France" title="Template:Heads of government of France"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_government_of_France" title="Template talk:Heads of government of France"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Heads_of_government_of_France&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Heads of government</a> of <a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">list</a>)</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration" title="Bourbon Restoration">Restoration</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_Duc_de_Richelieu" title="Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Joseph,_Marquis_Dessolles" title="Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles">Dessolles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lie,_duc_Decazes" title="Élie, duc Decazes">Decazes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_Duc_de_Richelieu" title="Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Jean-Baptiste de Villèle">Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Gay,_vicomte_de_Martignac" title="Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac">Martignac</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Laffitte</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_Pierre_P%C3%A9rier" title="Casimir Pierre Périer">Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maurice_G%C3%A9rard" title="Étienne Maurice Gérard">Gérard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Maret</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Adolphe_Casimir_Joseph_Mortier" title="Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier" class="mw-redirect">Mortier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Dupont de l'Eure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">Arago</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis-Eugène Cavaignac">Cavaignac</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odilon_Barrot" title="Odilon Barrot">Barrot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Henri,_comte_d%27Hautpoul" title="Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul" class="mw-redirect">Hautpoul</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Faucher" title="Léon Faucher">Faucher</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Ollivier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Cousin-Montauban,_Comte_de_Palikao" title="Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao">Cousin-Montauban</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;">Interregnum</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Jules_Trochu" title="Louis Jules Trochu" class="mw-redirect">Trochu</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_4th_duc_de_Broglie" title="Albert, 4th duc de Broglie">A. de Broglie</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Cissey</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Simon" title="Jules Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_4th_duc_de_Broglie" title="Albert, 4th duc de Broglie">A. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan_de_Rochebou%C3%ABt" title="Gaëtan de Rochebouët">Rochebouët</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Waddington" title="William Henry Waddington" class="mw-redirect">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goblet" title="René Goblet">Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Floquet" title="Charles Floquet">Floquet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Loubet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Casimir-Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_M%C3%A9line" title="Jules Méline">Méline</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Waldeck-Rousseau" title="Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau">Waldeck-Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Combes" title="Émile Combes">Combes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Sarrien" title="Ferdinand Sarrien">Sarrien</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Monis" title="Ernest Monis">Monis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Millerand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Leygues" title="Georges Leygues">Leygues</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Steeg" title="Théodore Steeg">Steeg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Bouisson" title="Fernand Bouisson">Bouisson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_de_Brinon" title="Fernand de Brinon">Brinon</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional<br/> Government</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Gouin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie" title="André Marie">Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Laniel" title="Joseph Laniel">Laniel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Mendès France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Mollet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Bourgès-Maunoury</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard" title="Félix Gaillard">Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Chaban-Delmas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Mauroy" title="Pierre Mauroy">Mauroy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Rocard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Balladur</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Jospin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Raffarin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Villepin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">Fillon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Ayrault</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Valls</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table id="persondata" class="persondata noprint" style="border:1px solid #aaa; display:none; speak:none;"> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/web/20150527192211/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Persondata" title="Wikipedia:Persondata">Persondata</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Name</td> <td>Cissey, Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Alternative names</td> <td>Cissey, Ernest Courtot de</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Short description</td> <td>French general and Prime Minister</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Date of birth</td> <td>12 September 1810</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Place of birth</td> <td>Paris, France</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Date of death</td> <td>15 June 1882</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Place of death</td> <td>Paris, France</td> </tr> </table>    <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150527192211im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a 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