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itemtype=http://schema.org/WebSite><div id=wrapper-navbar><a class="skip-link sr-only sr-only-focusable" href=#content>Skip to content</a><nav id=main-nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light bg-primary" aria-labelledby=main-nav-label><h2 id="main-nav-label" class="sr-only"> Main Navigation</h2><div class=container> <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow> <img width=183 height=58 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20183%2058'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/themes/botheme/images/logo.png class="img-fluid lazy" alt="Biology Online Logo"> </a> <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarNavDropdown aria-controls=navbarNavDropdown aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span> </button><div class=site-search><form method=get id=searchform action=https://www.biologyonline.com/ 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show-ad-label" data-ad-mapping=rail data-ad-slot=BO_dictionary_pages data-ad-targetingpos=rail></div></div><div class=wrapper id=page-wrapper><div class=container id=content><div class=row><div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12 pb-4 content-single-article"><article class="post-35405 glossary type-glossary status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry glossary_cat-featured-term glossary_cat-g glossary_cat-most-popular grow-content-body" id=post-35405><header class=entry-header><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><div class=pb-2><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Dictionary</a> > Genus</div><div class=d-inline-block><h1 class="entry-title">Genus</h1></div><div class="float-right pt-md-4"><g:sharetoclassroom size=32 url="https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/genus"></g:sharetoclassroom></div></header><div class=entry-content><div class=st-container><img width=350 height=196 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20350%20196'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Genus-definition-and-example-350x196.jpg class="st-img wp-post-image lazy" alt="Genus definition and example" decoding=async data-srcset="https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Genus-definition-and-example-350x196.jpg 350w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Genus-definition-and-example-300x168.jpg 300w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Genus-definition-and-example-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Genus-definition-and-example-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Genus-definition-and-example-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Genus-definition-and-example-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Genus-definition-and-example.jpg 1920w" data-sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px"><p><strong>Genus </strong><br> n., plural: genera <br> [ˈdʒiːnəs] <br> Definition: a taxonomic rank consisting of species with common attributes  </p></div><div id=ez-toc-container class="ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction"><p class=ez-toc-title>Table of Contents</p> <label for=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-67453685a19f9 class=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label><span class><span class=eztoc-hide style=display:none;>Toggle</span><span class=ez-toc-icon-toggle-span><svg style="fill: #999;color:#999" xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg class=list-377408 width=20px height=20px viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill=none><path d="M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z" fill=currentColor></path></svg><svg style="fill: #999;color:#999" class=arrow-unsorted-368013 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg width=10px height=10px viewBox="0 0 24 24" version=1.2 baseProfile=tiny><path d="M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z"/></svg></span></span></label><input type=checkbox id=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-67453685a19f9 checked aria-label=Toggle><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1" href=#Genus_Definition title="Genus Definition">Genus Definition</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2" href=#Classification_System title="Classification System">Classification System</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3" href=#The_Naming_System title="The Naming System">The Naming System</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4" href=#Genus_vs_Species title="Genus vs. Species">Genus vs. Species</a><ul class=ez-toc-list-level-3 ><li class=ez-toc-heading-level-3><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5" href=#Table_1_Difference_between_genus_and_species title="Table 1: Difference between genus and species">Table 1: Difference between genus and species</a></li></ul></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6" href=#Genus_and_Family title="Genus and Family">Genus and Family</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7" href=#Type_Concept title="Type Concept">Type Concept</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8" href=#Usage title=Usage>Usage</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9" href=#Examples title=Examples>Examples</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10" href=#Subgenus title=Subgenus>Subgenus</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11" href=#Taxonomy_is_dynamic title="Taxonomy is dynamic!">Taxonomy is dynamic!</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12" href=#Quiz title=Quiz>Quiz</a><ul class=ez-toc-list-level-3 ><li class=ez-toc-heading-level-3><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13" href=#Send_Your_Results_Optional title="Send Your Results (Optional)">Send Your Results (Optional)</a></li></ul></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14" href=#Further_Reading title="Further Reading">Further Reading</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15" href=#References title=References>References</a></li></ul></nav></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Genus_Definition></span>Genus Definition<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>A <strong>genus</strong> is a taxonomic category ranking used in biological classification that is below <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/family data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>family</a> and above <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>species</a>. Species exhibiting similar characteristics comprise a genus. An estimate of the number of published genus names was at about 510,000 as of 2016. <sup>(1)</sup> In 2018, the Catalogue of Life quoted 173,363 accepted genus names for both extant and extinct species.</p><div class='code-block code-block-7 code-block-block-7' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'> <script language=javascript src="https://live.primis.tech/live/liveView.php?s=103834&cbuster=%%CACHEBUSTER%%"></script> </div><p>Also included in their report are genus names with no species for certain groups. <sup>(2)</sup> In binomial nomenclature, the genus is used as the first word of a scientific name in which the first letter is capitalized. Together with the specific epithet, they are italicized, e.g., <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/homo-sapiens-sapiens data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>Homo sapiens</em></a>, or underlined if handwritten, e.g., <span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: Lucida Handwriting">Homo</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: Lucida Handwriting">sapiens</span>.</p><div style="background: #e2e2e2;padding: 15px;margin: 30px 0"><em><strong>Biology definition:</strong></em><br> A <strong>genus</strong> is a taxonomic rank comprised of species grouped based on shared attributes (having similar structures or distinct <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/characteristic data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>characteristics</a>) or being <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/phylogeny data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>phylogenetically</a> related. It is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks in the biological classification of living things. It is below the family and above the species. A genus may be comprised of one or more species. Similarly, a family may consist of a single genus or more than one genera. <em><strong>Etymology:</strong> The term genus was borrowed from Latin. It means “birth”, descent, “origin”, “sort”, or “type”. The plural form is genera. Thus, the meaning of genera pertains to more than one genus as most taxonomic families are comprised of several genera. <strong>Synonym:</strong> generic name. <strong>Compare: </strong><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/family data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>family</a>, <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>species</a></em></div><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code=PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODcnIGNsYXNzPSdhZHliIHNob3ctYWQtbGFiZWwgbXgtbWQtbjMnIGRhdGEtYWQtbWFwcGluZz0nbWlkJyBkYXRhLWFkLXNsb3Q9J0JPX2FydGljbGUnIGRhdGEtYWQtdGFyZ2V0aW5ncG9zPSAnbWlkJyA+PC9kaXY+ data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Classification_System></span>Classification System<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><div class=img-container><figure style="width: 208px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img fetchpriority=high fetchpriority=high decoding=async class=" lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20208%20532'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/dictionary/images/Genus-rank-diagram.png alt="taxonomic ranks" width=208 height=532><figcaption class=wp-caption-text>Figure 1: A genus is a taxonomic rank among the eight major taxonomic ranks in biological classification. It is below the family and above the species.</figcaption></figure><div class=img-description>The classification of organisms is the systematic grouping of living things based on characteristics, hierarchical, or phylogenetic relationships. It is one of the major aspects of <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/taxonomy data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>taxonomy</a>. Organisms are investigated in terms of their morphology, anatomy, physiology, evolution, behavior, development, and genetics in order to find out relationships between and among them. They are then classified into taxonomic groups and into a taxonomic hierarchy. The common taxonomic levels are <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/domain data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>domain</em></a>, <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/kingdom data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>kingdom</em></a>, <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/phylum data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>phyla</em></a>, <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/class data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>class</em></a>, <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/order data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>order</em></a>, <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/family data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>family</em></a>, <strong><em>genus</em></strong>, and <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>species</em></a>. Genus taxonomy is a rank generally above the species level and below the family level.</div><div></div><div class=img-description>One of the most prominent contributors to a systematized classification of organisms is the Swedish botanist <strong>Carl Linnaeus</strong>. The classification system where organisms are categorized into <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/taxon data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>taxa</a> is called <em>Linnaean</em>, which was named after him. He also proposed the <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/binomial-nomenclature data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>binomial nomenclature</a>. In the Linnaean system, organisms are grouped based on the presumed homologies, i.e.<em> similarities in anatomical, morphological, and physiological features</em>. The more <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/homologous-structures data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>homologous structures</a> shared between organisms, the more they are likely evolutionary related.</div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=The_Naming_System></span>The Naming System<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>In <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/binomial-nomenclature data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>binomial nomenclature</a>, the genus is used as the first word of a <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/scientific-name data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>scientific name</a>. The genus name is always capitalized and italicized. For example, the binomial name of the lion is <em>Panthera leo</em>. The first part, <em>Panthera</em>, is the genus name whereas the second part, <em>leo</em>, is the specific epithet. A taxonomist (experts in taxonomy) assigns a scientific name for a particular species. In order for a genus to be descriptively useful, it must have monophyly, reasonable compactness, and distinctness.</p><p><strong>Willi Hennig</strong>, a German biologist, defined monophyly as groups based on shared derived characteristics or traits that distinguish the group from other groups of organisms. As for reasonable compactness, it means that the genus needs not be expanded unnecessarily. The genus name must also show distinctness with respect to evolutionarily relevant criteria such as <em>ecology</em>, <em><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/morphology data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>morphology</a></em>, or <em><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/biogeography data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>biogeography</a></em>.</p><p>In genus classification and naming, the <strong>Nomenclature Codes</strong> provide an archetypal standard. The binomial name is different from the <em>common</em> or <em>vernacular name</em>. The latter is non-standardized and varies by location as opposed to the former that is standardized and usage is globally accepted.</p><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code=PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODgnIGNsYXNzPSdhZHliIHNob3ctYWQtbGFiZWwgbXgtbWQtbjMnIGRhdGEtYWQtbWFwcGluZz0nbWlkJyBkYXRhLWFkLXNsb3Q9J0JPX2FydGljbGUnIGRhdGEtYWQtdGFyZ2V0aW5ncG9zPSAnbWlkJyA+PC9kaXY+ data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Genus_vs_Species></span>Genus vs. Species<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>A <strong><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>species</a></strong> is regarded as <em>the most basic unit or category in the biological system of classification</em>. To be considered into a species rank, the group must have at least two of its members capable of reproducing fertile offspring (such as by <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/sexual-reproduction data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>sexual reproduction</a>). Organisms from different species, although they belong under the same genus, generally cannot interbreed as their offspring would likely be infertile. The species of a particular group of organisms would, therefore, pertain to those that can reproduce and sire fertile offspring of the <em>same</em> kind. Thus, they would have the same set of DNA, similar physical and morphological attributes, and demonstrate communal behavior.</p><p>The species is located below the genus rank. Thus, a genus is more encompassing and relatively wider in scope than a species. Nevertheless, the genus lies below the taxonomic family and therefore it would be less inclusive than a family since the latter serves as the collective <em>umbrella</em> of related genera.</p><p>Certain species can still be further subdivided into subgroups (called <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/subspecies data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>subspecies</em></a>), such as <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/variety data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>varieties</a>, formae, etc. The genus-species format is essential in naming an organism. The genus is the <em>generic name</em> whereas the species is the <em>specific name</em> in a binomial nomenclature. For example, <em>Allium cepa</em> (commonly known as onion). The <em>Allium</em> is the generic name whereas the <em>cepa</em> is the specific name.</p><table><tbody><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;border: 1px solid #3f77bc;background: #3f77bc;color: #fff" colspan=2><h3><span class=ez-toc-section id=Table_1_Difference_between_genus_and_species></span><strong>Table 1: Difference between genus and species</strong><span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h3></th></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #eee;background: #e2e2e2">Genus</th><th style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #eee;background: #e2e2e2">Species</th></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">Genus meaning: a taxonomic rank below <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/family data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>family</a> and above <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>species</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">Species meaning: the fundamental unit in biological classification</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">Comprised of species with common features</td><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">Comprised of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">More inclusive, as it is comprised of different species, and therefore consists of a larger number of organisms</td><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">Less inclusive and consisting of a fewer number of organisms</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">The first part of a binomial name</td><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">The second part of a binomial name</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">Genus example: <em>Homo</em></td><td style="vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #e2e2e2">Species example: <em>H. sapiens</em></td></tr></tbody></table><p><em>Data summarized by <a href=https://forum.biologyonline.com/members/vicki-mozo data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Maria Victoria Gonzaga</a> for <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/about-us data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Biology Online</a></em></p><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Genus_and_Family></span>Genus and Family<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>A taxonomic <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/family data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>family</a> is a group of one or more genera. The genera under a particular family share a common attribute. Thus, a family would usually be more inclusive and consists of a greater number of organisms. The genera of a particular family evolve from the same ancestors for having relatively common characteristics. In the taxonomic rank, a family is above the genus level and below the <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/order data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>order</a>.</p><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code=PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODknIGNsYXNzPSdhZHliIHNob3ctYWQtbGFiZWwgbXgtbWQtbjMnIGRhdGEtYWQtbWFwcGluZz0nbWlkJyBkYXRhLWFkLXNsb3Q9J0JPX2FydGljbGUnIGRhdGEtYWQtdGFyZ2V0aW5ncG9zPSAnbWlkJyA+PC9kaXY+ data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Type_Concept></span>Type Concept<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>In modern biological classification, the <em>type genus</em> serves as the representative of a taxonomic family. Thus, one or more genera in a family would define the latter. In zoology, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature provides the fundamental standards. Accordingly, the family-group name would be based upon the type genus.</p><p>For example, the genus <em>Cricetus</em> (Leske, 1779) is the type genus of the family Cricetidae. Another example is the mallard <em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>. <em>Anas</em> is the type genus for the family Anatidae. <em>Canis lupus</em> (dogs and wolves) belongs to the family <em>Canidae</em>. The family name is derived from the generic name <em>Canis</em>.</p><p>The genus could serve as the <em>root</em> and the family name as the <em>stem</em>, with a name often ending in –<em>idae</em>. There are also instances wherein the next major taxonomic rank, particularly order, is based as well on the type genus. In dogs and wolves, for instance, belong to the order Carnivora. A family name should have a type genus just as a type genus has a <em>type species</em>. If a specimen turns out to be of another genus, then the generic name becomes a <em>junior synonym</em>.</p><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Usage></span>Usage<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>In zoology, a genus may be <em>available</em> or <em>unavailable</em>. The <em>available</em> names are genus names that are published based upon the standards of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), as well as by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. The <em>unavailable</em> names were those that were not published because of nonconformity to the ICZN Code. Other possible reasons are incorrect spellings and lack of type species.</p><p>In botany, an <em>available name</em> is a validly published name whereas an <em>unavailable name</em> is an invalid name. A genus name that is invalid is given a label, <em>nomen invalidum (nom. Inval.)</em>. A valid name in botany is labeled as the <em>correct name</em> or <em>current name</em>.</p><p>The genus name could change over time and be replaced with another. This happens when new information comes along. The formerly accepted name, as a result, becomes a <em>synonym</em>. For example, <em>Physeter</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) has the following synonyms: <em>Catodon</em> (Linnaeus, 1761), <em>Cetus</em> (Billberg, 1828), <em>Meganeuron</em> (Gray, 1865), <em>Megistosaurus</em> (Harlan, 1828), <em>Phiseter</em> (Bonnaterre, 1789), <em>Physalus</em> (Lacépède, 1804), <em>Physeterus</em> (Duméril, 1806), and <em>Tursio</em> (Fleming, 1822).<sup>(2)</sup></p><p>A <em>homonym</em> in biological classification is a name that is associated with two different taxa. For example, the ambrosia beetle and the platypus had been given the generic name <em>Platypus</em>. Nevertheless, the ambrosia beetle was the first to get a generic name <em>Platypus</em> and thus the platypus eventually was given a new generic name <em>Ornithorhynchus</em>. The two cannot share the same generic name since they are both from Kingdom Animalia. However, the use of the same genera for specimens from different kingdoms is still discouraged.</p><p>There are thousands of cases wherein species from different kingdoms share with the same genera. For example, <em>Aoutus</em> is the generic name for the night monkeys and also for the golden peas.</p><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code="PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODEwJyBjbGFzcz0nYWR5YiBzaG93LWFkLWxhYmVsIG14LW1kLW4zJyBkYXRhLWFkLW1hcHBpbmc9J21pZCcgZGF0YS1hZC1zbG90PSdCT19hcnRpY2xlJyBkYXRhLWFkLXRhcmdldGluZ3Bvcz0gJ21pZCcgPjwvZGl2Pg==" data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Examples></span>Examples<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><figure style="width: 640px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img class=lazy decoding=async src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20640%20640'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/human-taxonomy-diagram.jpg alt="Taxonomy of Human" width=640><figcaption class=wp-caption-text>Figure 2: Taxonomy of Homo sapiens. Image prepared by <a href=https://forum.biologyonline.com/members/vicki-mozo data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Maria Victoria Gonzaga</a> for <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/ data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Biology Online</a></figcaption></figure><p><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/homo data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>Homo</em> </a>(from Latin that literally means “man”) is a genus of humans that belong to the tribe Hominini of the family Hominidae, order <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/primate data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Primates</a>, class <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/mammalia data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Mammalia</a>. The fundamental features of the human species in the genus <em>Homo</em> are <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/bipedal data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>bipedalism</a>, opposable thumb, possession of a <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/notochord data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>notochord</a> that is eventually replaced by a <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/vertebral-column data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>vertebral column</a>, live birth, and <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/mammary-gland data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>mammary glands</a> producing breast milk in women to nourish the newly born. In this genus example, several species are included. However, only one species remain extant, i.e. <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/homo-sapiens-sapiens data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>H. sapiens sapiens</em></a> (modern). Below is the genus list of <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/human data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>human</a> species (genus Homo).</p><ul> <li><em>H. habilis</em></li> <li><em>H. rudolfensis</em></li> <li><em>H. gautengensis</em></li> <li><em>H. erectus</em></li> <li><em>H. ergaster</em></li> <li><em>H. antecessor</em></li> <li><em>H. heidelbergensis</em></li> <li><em>H. cepranensis</em></li> <li><em>H. rhodesiensis</em></li> <li><em>H. naledi</em></li> <li><em>H. neanderthalensis</em></li> <li><em>H. floresiensis</em></li> <li><em>H. tsaichangensis</em></li> <li>Denisova hominin</li> <li>Red Deer Cave people</li> <li><em>H. s. sapiens</em> (modern)</li></ul><figure style="width: 640px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img class=lazy decoding=async src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20768%20432'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Homo-sapiens-sapiens-definition-768x432.jpg alt="Homo sapiens sapiens definition" width=640><figcaption class=wp-caption-text>Figure 3: <em>Homo sapiens sapien</em>s – the only extant species of the genus Homo. Image prepared by <a href=https://forum.biologyonline.com/members/vicki-mozo data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Maria Victoria Gonzaga</a> for <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/ data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Biology Online</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>These species possess a highly developed brain and advanced skills, particularly in abstract reasoning, problem-solving, self-awareness, and articulate communication. They walk on two legs, with an erect carriage. They have relatively smaller teeth than other primates. These features set them apart from other genera, such as <em>Australopithecus</em>.</p><p>The genus <em>Australopithecus</em> also belongs to the tribe Hominini. Their brains were smaller, about 35% of the brain size of modern humans. They generally had smaller built than humans and were shorter (about 3’11<em> to 4’7</em>). They were more morphologically similar to chimpanzees and bonobos than to humans since their bodies are fully covered with hair. <em>Astralopithecus</em>, though, play a part in human evolution.</p><p>The genus <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/tutorials/the-homo-species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><em>Homo</em> </a>is presumed to originate from one of the species of this genus million years ago.<sup>(4)</sup> <em>Ardipithecus</em> is another genus belonging to family Hominidae. Members of this genus were already extinct. They diverged from the chimpanzees. They have a <em>grasping hallux</em> or big toe that enabled them to move from one tree to another with relative ease. This genus as the earliest human ancestor is a matter of debate though since they likely behave more like a chimpanzee than humans. <em>Sahelanthropus</em> is a genus comprised of extinct species from the Miocene epoch, particularly during the time close to that when chimpanzees and humans diverged.</p><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Subgenus></span>Subgenus<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>Below genus is the taxon <em><strong>subgenus.</strong></em> It is used by taxonomists often due to the following reasons:</p><ol> <li><em><strong>Highly diverse generic group</strong></em>, especially when the genus has numerous species resulting in substantial variation such as in morphology, behavior, and genetics</li> <li><em><strong>For indicating evolutionary relationship</strong></em>, especially when within the genus there are distinctive patterns of evolutionary divergence from one clade to another</li> <li><em><strong>Significant ecological or geographic variation</strong></em>, paticularly when within the genus there are notable geographic or ecological differences that play a substantial role in speciation</li> <li>Identification of conservation priorities, si as to focus conservation efforts on a particular subgenus, especially one containing multiple endangered or threatened species.</li></ol><p><strong>Examples:</strong></p><ul> <li><em>Pan (Pan)</em> for the <strong>common chimpanzee</strong> vs. <em>Pan (Paniscus)</em> for the <strong>bonobo</strong></li> <li><em>Felis (Felis) catus</em> for the <strong>domestic cat</strong> vs. <em>Felis (Silvestris) lybica</em> for the <strong>African wildcat</strong></li> <li>Genera: <em>Rosa</em> subgenus <em>Rosa</em> for the <strong>true roses</strong> and <em>Rosa</em> subgenus <em>Caninae</em> for the <strong>dog roses</strong></li> <li><em>Musa</em> subg. <em>Eumusa</em> that includes most edible banana species vs. <em>Musa</em> subg.<em>(Rhodochlamys)</em> that includes some wild banana species</li></ul><p><strong>Usage:</strong></p><p style="padding-left: 40px">» Subgenus is not mandatory when naming a species<br> » The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature recommends enclosing the subgeneic name in parentheses between the generic name and the specific epithet (see above for samples)<br> » The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants recommends adding connecting term, which may be abbreviated to subg., not written in italics (see above for samples)</p><div style="background: #e2e2e2;padding: 15px;margin: 30px 0"><p><em>NOTE IT!</em></p><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code="PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODExJyBjbGFzcz0nYWR5YiBzaG93LWFkLWxhYmVsIG14LW1kLW4zJyBkYXRhLWFkLW1hcHBpbmc9J21pZCcgZGF0YS1hZC1zbG90PSdCT19hcnRpY2xlJyBkYXRhLWFkLXRhcmdldGluZ3Bvcz0gJ21pZCcgPjwvZGl2Pg==" data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Taxonomy_is_dynamic></span><strong>Taxonomy is dynamic!</strong><span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><hr><p>The taxonomic ranking, classification, and identification can change over time particularly when new data and insights become available. A species belonging to a particular genus may later on be renamed and reclassified under a new genus. For example, the <strong>scientific name</strong> of the <strong>giant panda</strong> changed from <em>Ursus melanoleucus</em> to <em>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</em> after having found out that the giant panda is not as closely related to other bears as previously thought.</p><figure id=attachment_109411 aria-describedby=caption-attachment-109411 style="width: 1072px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding=async class="size-full wp-image-109411 lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201072%20604'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/giant-panda.jpg alt="giant panda" width=1072 height=604 data-srcset="https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/giant-panda.jpg 1072w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/giant-panda-298x168.jpg 298w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/giant-panda-1022x576.jpg 1022w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/giant-panda-768x433.jpg 768w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/giant-panda-640x361.jpg 640w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/giant-panda-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/giant-panda-350x196.jpg 350w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1072px) 100vw, 1072px"><figcaption id=caption-attachment-109411 class=wp-caption-text><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/giant-panda data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Giant panda</a> (<em>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</em>) is a bear species with distinctive black and white markings, and a short tail. Image prepared by <a href=https://forum.biologyonline.com/members/vicki-mozo data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Maria Victoria Gonzaga</a> for <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/about-us data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Biology Online</a></figcaption></figure></div><p><strong><em>Take the Genus – Biology Quiz!<br> </em></strong><br> <script>if(window.qmn_quiz_data===undefined){window.qmn_quiz_data=new Object();}</script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data["318"]={"quiz_id":"318","quiz_name":"Genus definition - quiz","disable_answer":"0","ajax_show_correct":"0","progress_bar":"1","contact_info_location":"1","qpages":{"2":{"id":"2","quizID":"318","pagekey":"ieclyguN","hide_prevbtn":"0"}},"skip_validation_time_expire":"1","timer_limit_val":0,"disable_scroll_next_previous_click":"0","disable_first_page":0,"enable_result_after_timer_end":"0","enable_quick_result_mc":"0","end_quiz_if_wrong":0,"form_disable_autofill":0,"disable_mathjax":0,"enable_quick_correct_answer_info":0,"quick_result_correct_answer_text":"Correct! 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You have selected wrong answer.","quiz_processing_message":"","quiz_limit_choice":"Limit of choice is reached.","not_allow_after_expired_time":0,"scheduled_time_end":false,"error_messages":{"email_error_text":"Not a valid e-mail address!","number_error_text":"This field must be a number!","incorrect_error_text":"The entered text is not correct!","empty_error_text":"Please complete all required fields!","url_error_text":"The entered URL is not valid!","minlength_error_text":"Required atleast %minlength% characters.","maxlength_error_text":"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.","recaptcha_error_text":"ReCaptcha is missing"},"first_page":false}</script><style id=qmn_quiz_template-css>.qsm-pagination{border:none !important}</style><div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-318 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz quiz_theme_default '><form name=quizForm318 id=quizForm318 action=/dictionary/genus method=POST class="qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form" novalidate enctype=multipart/form-data> <input type=hidden name=qsm_hidden_questions id=qsm_hidden_questions value> <input type=hidden name=qsm_nonce id=qsm_nonce_318 value=befac36e62> <input type=hidden name=qsm_unique_key id=qsm_unique_key_318 value=6745368526f58><div id=mlw_error_message class="qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section"></div> <span id=mlw_top_of_quiz></span><section class="qsm-page "><div class="quiz_section quiz_begin"><div class='qsm-before-message mlw_qmn_message_before'><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Quiz></span>Quiz<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p><strong>Choose the best answer. </strong></p></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-1557 " data-qid=1557><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>1. What is a genus?</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1557-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1557 id=question1557_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1557_1> A taxonomic rank below species </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1557-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1557 id=question1557_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1557_2> A taxonomic rank below family </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1557-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1557 id=question1557_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1557_3> A taxonomic rank above phylum </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question1557 id=question1557_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-1558 " data-qid=1558><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>2. What is a species?</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1558-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1558 id=question1558_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1558_1> Group of living things that do not have anything in common </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1558-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1558 id=question1558_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1558_2> Group of living things that have common attributes </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1558-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1558 id=question1558_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1558_3> Group of living things that cannot produce an offspring of similar kind </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question1558 id=question1558_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-1559 " data-qid=1559><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>3. When writing a scientific name, which part of the genus name is capitalized?</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1559-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1559 id=question1559_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1559_1> First letter </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1559-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1559 id=question1559_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1559_2> Middle letter </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1559-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1559 id=question1559_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1559_3> Final letter </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question1559 id=question1559_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-1560 " data-qid=1560><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>4. A proper handwritten genus name is ...</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1560-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1560 id=question1560_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1560_1> underlined </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1560-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1560 id=question1560_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1560_2> in quotes </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1560-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1560 id=question1560_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1560_3> encircled </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question1560 id=question1560_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-1561 " data-qid=1561><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>5. The first part of a binomial name</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1561-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1561 id=question1561_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1561_1> Family </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1561-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1561 id=question1561_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1561_2> Genus </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question1561-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question1561 id=question1561_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question1561_3> Species name or specific epithet </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question1561 id=question1561_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class=quiz_section><div class='qsm-after-message mlw_qmn_message_end'><h3><span class=ez-toc-section id=Send_Your_Results_Optional></span>Send Your Results (Optional)<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h3></div><div class="qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-text"> <span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'>Your Name</span> <input type=text class name=contact_field_0 id=contact_field_0 value placeholder='Your Name'></div><div class="qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-email"> <span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'>To Email</span> <input type=email class='mlwEmail ' name=contact_field_1 id=contact_field_1 value placeholder='To Email'></div></div></section> <input type=hidden name=qmn_question_list value=1557Q1558Q1559Q1560Q1561Q><div id=mlw_error_message_bottom class="qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section"></div> <input type=hidden name=qmn_all_questions_count id=qmn_all_questions_count value=5> <input type=hidden name=total_questions id=total_questions value=5> <input type=hidden name=timer id=timer value=0> <input type=hidden name=timer_ms id=timer_ms value=0> <input type=hidden class=qmn_quiz_id name=qmn_quiz_id id=qmn_quiz_id value=318> <input type=hidden name=complete_quiz value=confirmation></form></div><div style="display: none;" class="qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide" id=modal-4 aria-hidden=false><div class=qsm-popup__overlay tabindex=-1 data-micromodal-close><div class="qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container" role=dialog aria-modal=true><div class=qsm-popup__content><img class=lazy decoding=async src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/plugins/quiz-master-next/assets/clock.png alt=clock.png><p class=qsm-time-up-text> Time's up</p></div><footer class=qsm-popup__footer><button class="qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn" data-micromodal-close aria-label="Close this dialog window" onclick=location.reload();>Cancel</button></footer></div></div></div></p><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Further_Reading></span>Further Reading<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><ul> <li><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/articles/why-non-human-primates-dont-speak-like-humans data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Why Non-Human Primates Don’t Speak Like Humans</a></li></ul><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code="PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODEyJyBjbGFzcz0nYWR5YiBzaG93LWFkLWxhYmVsIG14LW1kLW4zJyBkYXRhLWFkLW1hcHBpbmc9J21pZCcgZGF0YS1hZC1zbG90PSdCT19hcnRpY2xlJyBkYXRhLWFkLXRhcmdldGluZ3Bvcz0gJ21pZCcgPjwvZGl2Pg==" data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=References></span>References<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><ol> <li>Rees, T., Vandepitte, L., Decock, W., and Vanhoorne, B. (2017). “IRMNG 2006–2016: 10 Years of a Global Taxonomic Database” (PDF). Biodiversity Informatics. 12: 1–44.</li> <li>Catalogue of Life – 2018 Annual Checklist : 2018 Annual Checklist. (2018). Retrieved from Catalogueoflife.org website: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2018/info/ac</li> <li>WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species – Physeter Linnaeus, 1758. (2019). Retrieved from Marinespecies.org website: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137032</li> <li>Toth, N. and Schick, K. (2005). “African Origins” in The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies (Editor: Chris Scarre). London: Thames and Hudson. Page 60.</li> <li>AVH – Links to this species on other web servers. (2010). Retrieved from Anbg.gov.au website: http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/avh/help/names/index.html</li> <li>What Is a Genus: Common Trees of the Pacific Northwest. (2019). Retrieved from Oregonstate.edu website: https://oregonstate.edu/trees/genus_describe.html</li> <li>Required Taxa – Humans. (2019). Retrieved from Ncsu.edu website: https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/course/zo150/mozley/humans.html</li> <li>Classification of Living Things: Principles of Classification. (2012). Retrieved Palomar.edu website: https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/animal/animal_2.htm</li></ol><p> </p><p>© Biology Online. 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T-I9105|GT-I8510|GT-S6790N|SM-G7105|SM-N9005|GT-S5301|GT-I9295|GT-I9195|SM-C101|GT-S7392|GT-S7560|GT-B7610|GT-I5510|GT-S7582|GT-S7530E|GT-I8750|SM-G9006V|SM-G9008V|SM-G9009D|SM-G900A|SM-G900D|SM-G900F|SM-G900H|SM-G900I|SM-G900J|SM-G900K|SM-G900L|SM-G900M|SM-G900P|SM-G900R4|SM-G900S|SM-G900T|SM-G900V|SM-G900W8|SHV-E160K|SCH-P709|SCH-P729|SM-T2558|GT-I9205|SM-G9350|SM-J120F|SM-G920F|SM-G920V|SM-G930F|SM-N910C|SM-A310F|GT-I9190|SM-J500FN|SM-G903F|SM-J330F|SM-G610F|SM-G981B|SM-G892A|SM-A530F",LG:"\\bLG\\b;|LG[- ]?(C800|C900|E400|E610|E900|E-900|F160|F180K|F180L|F180S|730|855|L160|LS740|LS840|LS970|LU6200|MS690|MS695|MS770|MS840|MS870|MS910|P500|P700|P705|VM696|AS680|AS695|AX840|C729|E970|GS505|272|C395|E739BK|E960|L55C|L75C|LS696|LS860|P769BK|P350|P500|P509|P870|UN272|US730|VS840|VS950|LN272|LN510|LS670|LS855|LW690|MN270|MN510|P509|P769|P930|UN200|UN270|UN510|UN610|US670|US740|US760|UX265|UX840|VN271|VN530|VS660|VS700|VS740|VS750|VS910|VS920|VS930|VX9200|VX11000|AX840A|LW770|P506|P925|P999|E612|D955|D802|MS323|M257)|LM-G710",Sony:"SonyST|SonyLT|SonyEricsson|SonyEricssonLT15iv|LT18i|E10i|LT28h|LT26w|SonyEricssonMT27i|C5303|C6902|C6903|C6906|C6943|D2533|SOV34|601SO|F8332",Asus:"Asus.*Galaxy|PadFone.*Mobile",Xiaomi:"^(?!.*\\bx11\\b).*xiaomi.*$|POCOPHONE F1|MI 8|Redmi Note 9S|Redmi Note 5A Prime|N2G47H|M2001J2G|M2001J2I|M1805E10A|M2004J11G|M1902F1G|M2002J9G|M2004J19G|M2003J6A1G",NokiaLumia:"Lumia [0-9]{3,4}",Micromax:"Micromax.*\\b(A210|A92|A88|A72|A111|A110Q|A115|A116|A110|A90S|A26|A51|A35|A54|A25|A27|A89|A68|A65|A57|A90)\\b",Palm:"PalmSource|Palm",Vertu:"Vertu|Vertu.*Ltd|Vertu.*Ascent|Vertu.*Ayxta|Vertu.*Constellation(F|Quest)?|Vertu.*Monika|Vertu.*Signature",Pantech:"PANTECH|IM-A850S|IM-A840S|IM-A830L|IM-A830K|IM-A830S|IM-A820L|IM-A810K|IM-A810S|IM-A800S|IM-T100K|IM-A725L|IM-A780L|IM-A775C|IM-A770K|IM-A760S|IM-A750K|IM-A740S|IM-A730S|IM-A720L|IM-A710K|IM-A690L|IM-A690S|IM-A650S|IM-A630K|IM-A600S|VEGA PTL21|PT003|P8010|ADR910L|P6030|P6020|P9070|P4100|P9060|P5000|CDM8992|TXT8045|ADR8995|IS11PT|P2030|P6010|P8000|PT002|IS06|CDM8999|P9050|PT001|TXT8040|P2020|P9020|P2000|P7040|P7000|C790",Fly:"IQ230|IQ444|IQ450|IQ440|IQ442|IQ441|IQ245|IQ256|IQ236|IQ255|IQ235|IQ245|IQ275|IQ240|IQ285|IQ280|IQ270|IQ260|IQ250",Wiko:"KITE 4G|HIGHWAY|GETAWAY|STAIRWAY|DARKSIDE|DARKFULL|DARKNIGHT|DARKMOON|SLIDE|WAX 4G|RAINBOW|BLOOM|SUNSET|GOA(?!nna)|LENNY|BARRY|IGGY|OZZY|CINK FIVE|CINK PEAX|CINK PEAX 2|CINK SLIM|CINK SLIM 2|CINK +|CINK KING|CINK PEAX|CINK SLIM|SUBLIM",iMobile:"i-mobile (IQ|i-STYLE|idea|ZAA|Hitz)",SimValley:"\\b(SP-80|XT-930|SX-340|XT-930|SX-310|SP-360|SP60|SPT-800|SP-120|SPT-800|SP-140|SPX-5|SPX-8|SP-100|SPX-8|SPX-12)\\b",Wolfgang:"AT-B24D|AT-AS50HD|AT-AS40W|AT-AS55HD|AT-AS45q2|AT-B26D|AT-AS50Q",Alcatel:"Alcatel",Nintendo:"Nintendo (3DS|Switch)",Amoi:"Amoi",INQ:"INQ",OnePlus:"ONEPLUS",GenericPhone:"Tapatalk|PDA;|SAGEM|\\bmmp\\b|pocket|\\bpsp\\b|symbian|Smartphone|smartfon|treo|up.browser|up.link|vodafone|\\bwap\\b|nokia|Series40|Series60|S60|SonyEricsson|N900|MAUI.*WAP.*Browser"},tablets:{iPad:"iPad|iPad.*Mobile",NexusTablet:"Android.*Nexus[\\s]+(7|9|10)",GoogleTablet:"Android.*Pixel C",SamsungTablet:"SAMSUNG.*Tablet|Galaxy.*Tab|SC-01C|GT-P1000|GT-P1003|GT-P1010|GT-P3105|GT-P6210|GT-P6800|GT-P6810|GT-P7100|GT-P7300|GT-P7310|GT-P7500|GT-P7510|SCH-I800|SCH-I815|SCH-I905|SGH-I957|SGH-I987|SGH-T849|SGH-T859|SGH-T869|SPH-P100|GT-P3100|GT-P3108|GT-P3110|GT-P5100|GT-P5110|GT-P6200|GT-P7320|GT-P7511|GT-N8000|GT-P8510|SGH-I497|SPH-P500|SGH-T779|SCH-I705|SCH-I915|GT-N8013|GT-P3113|GT-P5113|GT-P8110|GT-N8010|GT-N8005|GT-N8020|GT-P1013|GT-P6201|GT-P7501|GT-N5100|GT-N5105|GT-N5110|SHV-E140K|SHV-E140L|SHV-E140S|SHV-E150S|SHV-E230K|SHV-E230L|SHV-E230S|SHW-M180K|SHW-M180L|SHW-M180S|SHW-M180W|SHW-M300W|SHW-M305W|SHW-M380K|SHW-M380S|SHW-M380W|SHW-M430W|SHW-M480K|SHW-M480S|SHW-M480W|SHW-M485W|SHW-M486W|SHW-M500W|GT-I9228|SCH-P739|SCH-I925|GT-I9200|GT-P5200|GT-P5210|GT-P5210X|SM-T311|SM-T310|SM-T310X|SM-T210|SM-T210R|SM-T211|SM-P600|SM-P601|SM-P605|SM-P900|SM-P901|SM-T217|SM-T217A|SM-T217S|SM-P6000|SM-T3100|SGH-I467|XE500|SM-T110|GT-P5220|GT-I9200X|GT-N5110X|GT-N5120|SM-P905|SM-T111|SM-T2105|SM-T315|SM-T320|SM-T320X|SM-T321|SM-T520|SM-T525|SM-T530NU|SM-T230NU|SM-T330NU|SM-T900|XE500T1C|SM-P605V|SM-P905V|SM-T337V|SM-T537V|SM-T707V|SM-T807V|SM-P600X|SM-P900X|SM-T210X|SM-T230|SM-T230X|SM-T325|GT-P7503|SM-T531|SM-T330|SM-T530|SM-T705|SM-T705C|SM-T535|SM-T331|SM-T800|SM-T700|SM-T537|SM-T807|SM-P907A|SM-T337A|SM-T537A|SM-T707A|SM-T807A|SM-T237|SM-T807P|SM-P607T|SM-T217T|SM-T337T|SM-T807T|SM-T116NQ|SM-T116BU|SM-P550|SM-T350|SM-T550|SM-T9000|SM-P9000|SM-T705Y|SM-T805|GT-P3113|SM-T710|SM-T810|SM-T815|SM-T360|SM-T533|SM-T113|SM-T335|SM-T715|SM-T560|SM-T670|SM-T677|SM-T377|SM-T567|SM-T357T|SM-T555|SM-T561|SM-T713|SM-T719|SM-T813|SM-T819|SM-T580|SM-T355Y?|SM-T280|SM-T817A|SM-T820|SM-W700|SM-P580|SM-T587|SM-P350|SM-P555M|SM-P355M|SM-T113NU|SM-T815Y|SM-T585|SM-T285|SM-T825|SM-W708|SM-T835|SM-T830|SM-T837V|SM-T720|SM-T510|SM-T387V|SM-P610|SM-T290|SM-T515|SM-T590|SM-T595|SM-T725|SM-T817P|SM-P585N0|SM-T395|SM-T295|SM-T865|SM-P610N|SM-P615|SM-T970|SM-T380|SM-T5950|SM-T905|SM-T231|SM-T500|SM-T860",Kindle:"Kindle|Silk.*Accelerated|Android.*\\b(KFOT|KFTT|KFJWI|KFJWA|KFOTE|KFSOWI|KFTHWI|KFTHWA|KFAPWI|KFAPWA|WFJWAE|KFSAWA|KFSAWI|KFASWI|KFARWI|KFFOWI|KFGIWI|KFMEWI)\\b|Android.*Silk/[0-9.]+ like Chrome/[0-9.]+ (?!Mobile)",SurfaceTablet:"Windows NT [0-9.]+; ARM;.*(Tablet|ARMBJS)",HPTablet:"HP Slate (7|8|10)|HP ElitePad 900|hp-tablet|EliteBook.*Touch|HP 8|Slate 21|HP SlateBook 10",AsusTablet:"^.*PadFone((?!Mobile).)*$|Transformer|TF101|TF101G|TF300T|TF300TG|TF300TL|TF700T|TF700KL|TF701T|TF810C|ME171|ME301T|ME302C|ME371MG|ME370T|ME372MG|ME172V|ME173X|ME400C|Slider SL101|\\bK00F\\b|\\bK00C\\b|\\bK00E\\b|\\bK00L\\b|TX201LA|ME176C|ME102A|\\bM80TA\\b|ME372CL|ME560CG|ME372CG|ME302KL| K010 | K011 | K017 | K01E |ME572C|ME103K|ME170C|ME171C|\\bME70C\\b|ME581C|ME581CL|ME8510C|ME181C|P01Y|PO1MA|P01Z|\\bP027\\b|\\bP024\\b|\\bP00C\\b",BlackBerryTablet:"PlayBook|RIM Tablet",HTCtablet:"HTC_Flyer_P512|HTC Flyer|HTC Jetstream|HTC-P715a|HTC EVO View 4G|PG41200|PG09410",MotorolaTablet:"xoom|sholest|MZ615|MZ605|MZ505|MZ601|MZ602|MZ603|MZ604|MZ606|MZ607|MZ608|MZ609|MZ615|MZ616|MZ617",NookTablet:"Android.*Nook|NookColor|nook browser|BNRV200|BNRV200A|BNTV250|BNTV250A|BNTV400|BNTV600|LogicPD Zoom2",AcerTablet:"Android.*; \\b(A100|A101|A110|A200|A210|A211|A500|A501|A510|A511|A700|A701|W500|W500P|W501|W501P|W510|W511|W700|G100|G100W|B1-A71|B1-710|B1-711|A1-810|A1-811|A1-830)\\b|W3-810|\\bA3-A10\\b|\\bA3-A11\\b|\\bA3-A20\\b|\\bA3-A30|A3-A40",ToshibaTablet:"Android.*(AT100|AT105|AT200|AT205|AT270|AT275|AT300|AT305|AT1S5|AT500|AT570|AT700|AT830)|TOSHIBA.*FOLIO",LGTablet:"\\bL-06C|LG-V909|LG-V900|LG-V700|LG-V510|LG-V500|LG-V410|LG-V400|LG-VK810\\b",FujitsuTablet:"Android.*\\b(F-01D|F-02F|F-05E|F-10D|M532|Q572)\\b",PrestigioTablet:"PMP3170B|PMP3270B|PMP3470B|PMP7170B|PMP3370B|PMP3570C|PMP5870C|PMP3670B|PMP5570C|PMP5770D|PMP3970B|PMP3870C|PMP5580C|PMP5880D|PMP5780D|PMP5588C|PMP7280C|PMP7280C3G|PMP7280|PMP7880D|PMP5597D|PMP5597|PMP7100D|PER3464|PER3274|PER3574|PER3884|PER5274|PER5474|PMP5097CPRO|PMP5097|PMP7380D|PMP5297C|PMP5297C_QUAD|PMP812E|PMP812E3G|PMP812F|PMP810E|PMP880TD|PMT3017|PMT3037|PMT3047|PMT3057|PMT7008|PMT5887|PMT5001|PMT5002",LenovoTablet:"Lenovo TAB|Idea(Tab|Pad)( A1|A10| K1|)|ThinkPad([ ]+)?Tablet|YT3-850M|YT3-X90L|YT3-X90F|YT3-X90X|Lenovo.*(S2109|S2110|S5000|S6000|K3011|A3000|A3500|A1000|A2107|A2109|A1107|A5500|A7600|B6000|B8000|B8080)(-|)(FL|F|HV|H|)|TB-X103F|TB-X304X|TB-X304F|TB-X304L|TB-X505F|TB-X505L|TB-X505X|TB-X605F|TB-X605L|TB-8703F|TB-8703X|TB-8703N|TB-8704N|TB-8704F|TB-8704X|TB-8704V|TB-7304F|TB-7304I|TB-7304X|Tab2A7-10F|Tab2A7-20F|TB2-X30L|YT3-X50L|YT3-X50F|YT3-X50M|YT-X705F|YT-X703F|YT-X703L|YT-X705L|YT-X705X|TB2-X30F|TB2-X30L|TB2-X30M|A2107A-F|A2107A-H|TB3-730F|TB3-730M|TB3-730X|TB-7504F|TB-7504X|TB-X704F|TB-X104F|TB3-X70F|TB-X705F|TB-8504F|TB3-X70L|TB3-710F|TB-X704L",DellTablet:"Venue 11|Venue 8|Venue 7|Dell Streak 10|Dell Streak 7",YarvikTablet:"Android.*\\b(TAB210|TAB211|TAB224|TAB250|TAB260|TAB264|TAB310|TAB360|TAB364|TAB410|TAB411|TAB420|TAB424|TAB450|TAB460|TAB461|TAB464|TAB465|TAB467|TAB468|TAB07-100|TAB07-101|TAB07-150|TAB07-151|TAB07-152|TAB07-200|TAB07-201-3G|TAB07-210|TAB07-211|TAB07-212|TAB07-214|TAB07-220|TAB07-400|TAB07-485|TAB08-150|TAB08-200|TAB08-201-3G|TAB08-201-30|TAB09-100|TAB09-211|TAB09-410|TAB10-150|TAB10-201|TAB10-211|TAB10-400|TAB10-410|TAB13-201|TAB274EUK|TAB275EUK|TAB374EUK|TAB462EUK|TAB474EUK|TAB9-200)\\b",MedionTablet:"Android.*\\bOYO\\b|LIFE.*(P9212|P9514|P9516|S9512)|LIFETAB",ArnovaTablet:"97G4|AN10G2|AN7bG3|AN7fG3|AN8G3|AN8cG3|AN7G3|AN9G3|AN7dG3|AN7dG3ST|AN7dG3ChildPad|AN10bG3|AN10bG3DT|AN9G2",IntensoTablet:"INM8002KP|INM1010FP|INM805ND|Intenso Tab|TAB1004",IRUTablet:"M702pro",MegafonTablet:"MegaFon V9|\\bZTE V9\\b|Android.*\\bMT7A\\b",EbodaTablet:"E-Boda (Supreme|Impresspeed|Izzycomm|Essential)",AllViewTablet:"Allview.*(Viva|Alldro|City|Speed|All TV|Frenzy|Quasar|Shine|TX1|AX1|AX2)",ArchosTablet:"\\b(101G9|80G9|A101IT)\\b|Qilive 97R|Archos5|\\bARCHOS (70|79|80|90|97|101|FAMILYPAD|)(b|c|)(G10| Cobalt| TITANIUM(HD|)| Xenon| Neon|XSK| 2| XS 2| PLATINUM| CARBON|GAMEPAD)\\b",AinolTablet:"NOVO7|NOVO8|NOVO10|Novo7Aurora|Novo7Basic|NOVO7PALADIN|novo9-Spark",NokiaLumiaTablet:"Lumia 2520",SonyTablet:"Sony.*Tablet|Xperia Tablet|Sony Tablet S|SO-03E|SGPT12|SGPT13|SGPT114|SGPT121|SGPT122|SGPT123|SGPT111|SGPT112|SGPT113|SGPT131|SGPT132|SGPT133|SGPT211|SGPT212|SGPT213|SGP311|SGP312|SGP321|EBRD1101|EBRD1102|EBRD1201|SGP351|SGP341|SGP511|SGP512|SGP521|SGP541|SGP551|SGP621|SGP641|SGP612|SOT31|SGP771|SGP611|SGP612|SGP712",PhilipsTablet:"\\b(PI2010|PI3000|PI3100|PI3105|PI3110|PI3205|PI3210|PI3900|PI4010|PI7000|PI7100)\\b",CubeTablet:"Android.*(K8GT|U9GT|U10GT|U16GT|U17GT|U18GT|U19GT|U20GT|U23GT|U30GT)|CUBE U8GT",CobyTablet:"MID1042|MID1045|MID1125|MID1126|MID7012|MID7014|MID7015|MID7034|MID7035|MID7036|MID7042|MID7048|MID7127|MID8042|MID8048|MID8127|MID9042|MID9740|MID9742|MID7022|MID7010",MIDTablet:"M9701|M9000|M9100|M806|M1052|M806|T703|MID701|MID713|MID710|MID727|MID760|MID830|MID728|MID933|MID125|MID810|MID732|MID120|MID930|MID800|MID731|MID900|MID100|MID820|MID735|MID980|MID130|MID833|MID737|MID960|MID135|MID860|MID736|MID140|MID930|MID835|MID733|MID4X10",MSITablet:"MSI \\b(Primo 73K|Primo 73L|Primo 81L|Primo 77|Primo 93|Primo 75|Primo 76|Primo 73|Primo 81|Primo 91|Primo 90|Enjoy 71|Enjoy 7|Enjoy 10)\\b",SMiTTablet:"Android.*(\\bMID\\b|MID-560|MTV-T1200|MTV-PND531|MTV-P1101|MTV-PND530)",RockChipTablet:"Android.*(RK2818|RK2808A|RK2918|RK3066)|RK2738|RK2808A",FlyTablet:"IQ310|Fly Vision",bqTablet:"Android.*(bq)?.*\\b(Elcano|Curie|Edison|Maxwell|Kepler|Pascal|Tesla|Hypatia|Platon|Newton|Livingstone|Cervantes|Avant|Aquaris ([E|M]10|M8))\\b|Maxwell.*Lite|Maxwell.*Plus",HuaweiTablet:"MediaPad|MediaPad 7 Youth|IDEOS S7|S7-201c|S7-202u|S7-101|S7-103|S7-104|S7-105|S7-106|S7-201|S7-Slim|M2-A01L|BAH-L09|BAH-W09|AGS-L09|CMR-AL19",NecTablet:"\\bN-06D|\\bN-08D",PantechTablet:"Pantech.*P4100",BronchoTablet:"Broncho.*(N701|N708|N802|a710)",VersusTablet:"TOUCHPAD.*[78910]|\\bTOUCHTAB\\b",ZyncTablet:"z1000|Z99 2G|z930|z990|z909|Z919|z900",PositivoTablet:"TB07STA|TB10STA|TB07FTA|TB10FTA",NabiTablet:"Android.*\\bNabi",KoboTablet:"Kobo Touch|\\bK080\\b|\\bVox\\b Build|\\bArc\\b Build",DanewTablet:"DSlide.*\\b(700|701R|702|703R|704|802|970|971|972|973|974|1010|1012)\\b",TexetTablet:"NaviPad|TB-772A|TM-7045|TM-7055|TM-9750|TM-7016|TM-7024|TM-7026|TM-7041|TM-7043|TM-7047|TM-8041|TM-9741|TM-9747|TM-9748|TM-9751|TM-7022|TM-7021|TM-7020|TM-7011|TM-7010|TM-7023|TM-7025|TM-7037W|TM-7038W|TM-7027W|TM-9720|TM-9725|TM-9737W|TM-1020|TM-9738W|TM-9740|TM-9743W|TB-807A|TB-771A|TB-727A|TB-725A|TB-719A|TB-823A|TB-805A|TB-723A|TB-715A|TB-707A|TB-705A|TB-709A|TB-711A|TB-890HD|TB-880HD|TB-790HD|TB-780HD|TB-770HD|TB-721HD|TB-710HD|TB-434HD|TB-860HD|TB-840HD|TB-760HD|TB-750HD|TB-740HD|TB-730HD|TB-722HD|TB-720HD|TB-700HD|TB-500HD|TB-470HD|TB-431HD|TB-430HD|TB-506|TB-504|TB-446|TB-436|TB-416|TB-146SE|TB-126SE",PlaystationTablet:"Playstation.*(Portable|Vita)",TrekstorTablet:"ST10416-1|VT10416-1|ST70408-1|ST702xx-1|ST702xx-2|ST80208|ST97216|ST70104-2|VT10416-2|ST10216-2A|SurfTab",PyleAudioTablet:"\\b(PTBL10CEU|PTBL10C|PTBL72BC|PTBL72BCEU|PTBL7CEU|PTBL7C|PTBL92BC|PTBL92BCEU|PTBL9CEU|PTBL9CUK|PTBL9C)\\b",AdvanTablet:"Android.* \\b(E3A|T3X|T5C|T5B|T3E|T3C|T3B|T1J|T1F|T2A|T1H|T1i|E1C|T1-E|T5-A|T4|E1-B|T2Ci|T1-B|T1-D|O1-A|E1-A|T1-A|T3A|T4i)\\b ",DanyTechTablet:"Genius Tab G3|Genius Tab S2|Genius Tab Q3|Genius Tab G4|Genius Tab Q4|Genius Tab G-II|Genius TAB GII|Genius TAB GIII|Genius Tab S1",GalapadTablet:"Android [0-9.]+; [a-z-]+; \\bG1\\b",MicromaxTablet:"Funbook|Micromax.*\\b(P250|P560|P360|P362|P600|P300|P350|P500|P275)\\b",KarbonnTablet:"Android.*\\b(A39|A37|A34|ST8|ST10|ST7|Smart Tab3|Smart Tab2)\\b",AllFineTablet:"Fine7 Genius|Fine7 Shine|Fine7 Air|Fine8 Style|Fine9 More|Fine10 Joy|Fine11 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1027",HCLTablet:"HCL.*Tablet|Connect-3G-2.0|Connect-2G-2.0|ME Tablet U1|ME Tablet U2|ME Tablet G1|ME Tablet X1|ME Tablet Y2|ME Tablet Sync",DPSTablet:"DPS Dream 9|DPS Dual 7",VistureTablet:"V97 HD|i75 3G|Visture V4( HD)?|Visture V5( HD)?|Visture V10",CrestaTablet:"CTP(-)?810|CTP(-)?818|CTP(-)?828|CTP(-)?838|CTP(-)?888|CTP(-)?978|CTP(-)?980|CTP(-)?987|CTP(-)?988|CTP(-)?989",MediatekTablet:"\\bMT8125|MT8389|MT8135|MT8377\\b",ConcordeTablet:"Concorde([ ]+)?Tab|ConCorde ReadMan",GoCleverTablet:"GOCLEVER TAB|A7GOCLEVER|M1042|M7841|M742|R1042BK|R1041|TAB A975|TAB A7842|TAB A741|TAB A741L|TAB M723G|TAB M721|TAB A1021|TAB I921|TAB R721|TAB I720|TAB T76|TAB R70|TAB R76.2|TAB R106|TAB R83.2|TAB M813G|TAB I721|GCTA722|TAB I70|TAB I71|TAB S73|TAB R73|TAB R74|TAB R93|TAB R75|TAB R76.1|TAB A73|TAB A93|TAB A93.2|TAB T72|TAB R83|TAB R974|TAB R973|TAB A101|TAB A103|TAB A104|TAB A104.2|R105BK|M713G|A972BK|TAB A971|TAB R974.2|TAB R104|TAB R83.3|TAB A1042",ModecomTablet:"FreeTAB 9000|FreeTAB 7.4|FreeTAB 7004|FreeTAB 7800|FreeTAB 2096|FreeTAB 7.5|FreeTAB 1014|FreeTAB 1001 |FreeTAB 8001|FreeTAB 9706|FreeTAB 9702|FreeTAB 7003|FreeTAB 7002|FreeTAB 1002|FreeTAB 7801|FreeTAB 1331|FreeTAB 1004|FreeTAB 8002|FreeTAB 8014|FreeTAB 9704|FreeTAB 1003",VoninoTablet:"\\b(Argus[ _]?S|Diamond[ _]?79HD|Emerald[ _]?78E|Luna[ _]?70C|Onyx[ _]?S|Onyx[ _]?Z|Orin[ _]?HD|Orin[ _]?S|Otis[ _]?S|SpeedStar[ _]?S|Magnet[ _]?M9|Primus[ _]?94[ _]?3G|Primus[ _]?94HD|Primus[ _]?QS|Android.*\\bQ8\\b|Sirius[ _]?EVO[ _]?QS|Sirius[ _]?QS|Spirit[ _]?S)\\b",ECSTablet:"V07OT2|TM105A|S10OT1|TR10CS1",StorexTablet:"eZee[_']?(Tab|Go)[0-9]+|TabLC7|Looney Tunes Tab",VodafoneTablet:"SmartTab([ ]+)?[0-9]+|SmartTabII10|SmartTabII7|VF-1497|VFD 1400",EssentielBTablet:"Smart[ ']?TAB[ ]+?[0-9]+|Family[ ']?TAB2",RossMoorTablet:"RM-790|RM-997|RMD-878G|RMD-974R|RMT-705A|RMT-701|RME-601|RMT-501|RMT-711",iMobileTablet:"i-mobile i-note",TolinoTablet:"tolino tab [0-9.]+|tolino shine",AudioSonicTablet:"\\bC-22Q|T7-QC|T-17B|T-17P\\b",AMPETablet:"Android.* A78 ",SkkTablet:"Android.* (SKYPAD|PHOENIX|CYCLOPS)",TecnoTablet:"TECNO P9|TECNO DP8D",JXDTablet:"Android.* \\b(F3000|A3300|JXD5000|JXD3000|JXD2000|JXD300B|JXD300|S5800|S7800|S602b|S5110b|S7300|S5300|S602|S603|S5100|S5110|S601|S7100a|P3000F|P3000s|P101|P200s|P1000m|P200m|P9100|P1000s|S6600b|S908|P1000|P300|S18|S6600|S9100)\\b",iJoyTablet:"Tablet (Spirit 7|Essentia|Galatea|Fusion|Onix 7|Landa|Titan|Scooby|Deox|Stella|Themis|Argon|Unique 7|Sygnus|Hexen|Finity 7|Cream|Cream X2|Jade|Neon 7|Neron 7|Kandy|Scape|Saphyr 7|Rebel|Biox|Rebel|Rebel 8GB|Myst|Draco 7|Myst|Tab7-004|Myst|Tadeo Jones|Tablet Boing|Arrow|Draco Dual Cam|Aurix|Mint|Amity|Revolution|Finity 9|Neon 9|T9w|Amity 4GB Dual Cam|Stone 4GB|Stone 8GB|Andromeda|Silken|X2|Andromeda II|Halley|Flame|Saphyr 9,7|Touch 8|Planet|Triton|Unique 10|Hexen 10|Memphis 4GB|Memphis 8GB|Onix 10)",FX2Tablet:"FX2 PAD7|FX2 PAD10",XoroTablet:"KidsPAD 701|PAD[ ]?712|PAD[ ]?714|PAD[ ]?716|PAD[ ]?717|PAD[ ]?718|PAD[ ]?720|PAD[ ]?721|PAD[ ]?722|PAD[ ]?790|PAD[ ]?792|PAD[ ]?900|PAD[ ]?9715D|PAD[ ]?9716DR|PAD[ ]?9718DR|PAD[ ]?9719QR|PAD[ ]?9720QR|TelePAD1030|Telepad1032|TelePAD730|TelePAD731|TelePAD732|TelePAD735Q|TelePAD830|TelePAD9730|TelePAD795|MegaPAD 1331|MegaPAD 1851|MegaPAD 2151",ViewsonicTablet:"ViewPad 10pi|ViewPad 10e|ViewPad 10s|ViewPad E72|ViewPad7|ViewPad E100|ViewPad 7e|ViewSonic VB733|VB100a",VerizonTablet:"QTAQZ3|QTAIR7|QTAQTZ3|QTASUN1|QTASUN2|QTAXIA1",OdysTablet:"LOOX|XENO10|ODYS[ -](Space|EVO|Xpress|NOON)|\\bXELIO\\b|Xelio10Pro|XELIO7PHONETAB|XELIO10EXTREME|XELIOPT2|NEO_QUAD10",CaptivaTablet:"CAPTIVA PAD",IconbitTablet:"NetTAB|NT-3702|NT-3702S|NT-3702S|NT-3603P|NT-3603P|NT-0704S|NT-0704S|NT-3805C|NT-3805C|NT-0806C|NT-0806C|NT-0909T|NT-0909T|NT-0907S|NT-0907S|NT-0902S|NT-0902S",TeclastTablet:"T98 4G|\\bP80\\b|\\bX90HD\\b|X98 Air|X98 Air 3G|\\bX89\\b|P80 3G|\\bX80h\\b|P98 Air|\\bX89HD\\b|P98 3G|\\bP90HD\\b|P89 3G|X98 3G|\\bP70h\\b|P79HD 3G|G18d 3G|\\bP79HD\\b|\\bP89s\\b|\\bA88\\b|\\bP10HD\\b|\\bP19HD\\b|G18 3G|\\bP78HD\\b|\\bA78\\b|\\bP75\\b|G17s 3G|G17h 3G|\\bP85t\\b|\\bP90\\b|\\bP11\\b|\\bP98t\\b|\\bP98HD\\b|\\bG18d\\b|\\bP85s\\b|\\bP11HD\\b|\\bP88s\\b|\\bA80HD\\b|\\bA80se\\b|\\bA10h\\b|\\bP89\\b|\\bP78s\\b|\\bG18\\b|\\bP85\\b|\\bA70h\\b|\\bA70\\b|\\bG17\\b|\\bP18\\b|\\bA80s\\b|\\bA11s\\b|\\bP88HD\\b|\\bA80h\\b|\\bP76s\\b|\\bP76h\\b|\\bP98\\b|\\bA10HD\\b|\\bP78\\b|\\bP88\\b|\\bA11\\b|\\bA10t\\b|\\bP76a\\b|\\bP76t\\b|\\bP76e\\b|\\bP85HD\\b|\\bP85a\\b|\\bP86\\b|\\bP75HD\\b|\\bP76v\\b|\\bA12\\b|\\bP75a\\b|\\bA15\\b|\\bP76Ti\\b|\\bP81HD\\b|\\bA10\\b|\\bT760VE\\b|\\bT720HD\\b|\\bP76\\b|\\bP73\\b|\\bP71\\b|\\bP72\\b|\\bT720SE\\b|\\bC520Ti\\b|\\bT760\\b|\\bT720VE\\b|T720-3GE|T720-WiFi",OndaTablet:"\\b(V975i|Vi30|VX530|V701|Vi60|V701s|Vi50|V801s|V719|Vx610w|VX610W|V819i|Vi10|VX580W|Vi10|V711s|V813|V811|V820w|V820|Vi20|V711|VI30W|V712|V891w|V972|V819w|V820w|Vi60|V820w|V711|V813s|V801|V819|V975s|V801|V819|V819|V818|V811|V712|V975m|V101w|V961w|V812|V818|V971|V971s|V919|V989|V116w|V102w|V973|Vi40)\\b[\\s]+|V10 \\b4G\\b",JaytechTablet:"TPC-PA762",BlaupunktTablet:"Endeavour 800NG|Endeavour 1010",DigmaTablet:"\\b(iDx10|iDx9|iDx8|iDx7|iDxD7|iDxD8|iDsQ8|iDsQ7|iDsQ8|iDsD10|iDnD7|3TS804H|iDsQ11|iDj7|iDs10)\\b",EvolioTablet:"ARIA_Mini_wifi|Aria[ _]Mini|Evolio X10|Evolio X7|Evolio X8|\\bEvotab\\b|\\bNeura\\b",LavaTablet:"QPAD E704|\\bIvoryS\\b|E-TAB IVORY|\\bE-TAB\\b",AocTablet:"MW0811|MW0812|MW0922|MTK8382|MW1031|MW0831|MW0821|MW0931|MW0712",MpmanTablet:"MP11 OCTA|MP10 OCTA|MPQC1114|MPQC1004|MPQC994|MPQC974|MPQC973|MPQC804|MPQC784|MPQC780|\\bMPG7\\b|MPDCG75|MPDCG71|MPDC1006|MP101DC|MPDC9000|MPDC905|MPDC706HD|MPDC706|MPDC705|MPDC110|MPDC100|MPDC99|MPDC97|MPDC88|MPDC8|MPDC77|MP709|MID701|MID711|MID170|MPDC703|MPQC1010",CelkonTablet:"CT695|CT888|CT[\\s]?910|CT7 Tab|CT9 Tab|CT3 Tab|CT2 Tab|CT1 Tab|C820|C720|\\bCT-1\\b",WolderTablet:"miTab \\b(DIAMOND|SPACE|BROOKLYN|NEO|FLY|MANHATTAN|FUNK|EVOLUTION|SKY|GOCAR|IRON|GENIUS|POP|MINT|EPSILON|BROADWAY|JUMP|HOP|LEGEND|NEW AGE|LINE|ADVANCE|FEEL|FOLLOW|LIKE|LINK|LIVE|THINK|FREEDOM|CHICAGO|CLEVELAND|BALTIMORE-GH|IOWA|BOSTON|SEATTLE|PHOENIX|DALLAS|IN 101|MasterChef)\\b",MediacomTablet:"M-MPI10C3G|M-SP10EG|M-SP10EGP|M-SP10HXAH|M-SP7HXAH|M-SP10HXBH|M-SP8HXAH|M-SP8MXA",MiTablet:"\\bMI PAD\\b|\\bHM NOTE 1W\\b",NibiruTablet:"Nibiru M1|Nibiru Jupiter One",NexoTablet:"NEXO NOVA|NEXO 10|NEXO AVIO|NEXO FREE|NEXO GO|NEXO EVO|NEXO 3G|NEXO SMART|NEXO KIDDO|NEXO MOBI",LeaderTablet:"TBLT10Q|TBLT10I|TBL-10WDKB|TBL-10WDKBO2013|TBL-W230V2|TBL-W450|TBL-W500|SV572|TBLT7I|TBA-AC7-8G|TBLT79|TBL-8W16|TBL-10W32|TBL-10WKB|TBL-W100",UbislateTablet:"UbiSlate[\\s]?7C",PocketBookTablet:"Pocketbook",KocasoTablet:"\\b(TB-1207)\\b",HisenseTablet:"\\b(F5281|E2371)\\b",Hudl:"Hudl HT7S3|Hudl 2",TelstraTablet:"T-Hub2",GenericTablet:"Android.*\\b97D\\b|Tablet(?!.*PC)|BNTV250A|MID-WCDMA|LogicPD Zoom2|\\bA7EB\\b|CatNova8|A1_07|CT704|CT1002|\\bM721\\b|rk30sdk|\\bEVOTAB\\b|M758A|ET904|ALUMIUM10|Smartfren Tab|Endeavour 1010|Tablet-PC-4|Tagi Tab|\\bM6pro\\b|CT1020W|arc 10HD|\\bTP750\\b|\\bQTAQZ3\\b|WVT101|TM1088|KT107"},oss:{AndroidOS:"Android",BlackBerryOS:"blackberry|\\bBB10\\b|rim tablet os",PalmOS:"PalmOS|avantgo|blazer|elaine|hiptop|palm|plucker|xiino",SymbianOS:"Symbian|SymbOS|Series60|Series40|SYB-[0-9]+|\\bS60\\b",WindowsMobileOS:"Windows CE.*(PPC|Smartphone|Mobile|[0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})|Windows Mobile|Windows Phone [0-9.]+|WCE;",WindowsPhoneOS:"Windows Phone 10.0|Windows Phone 8.1|Windows Phone 8.0|Windows Phone OS|XBLWP7|ZuneWP7|Windows NT 6.[23]; ARM;",iOS:"\\biPhone.*Mobile|\\biPod|\\biPad|AppleCoreMedia",iPadOS:"CPU OS 13",SailfishOS:"Sailfish",MeeGoOS:"MeeGo",MaemoOS:"Maemo",JavaOS:"J2ME/|\\bMIDP\\b|\\bCLDC\\b",webOS:"webOS|hpwOS",badaOS:"\\bBada\\b",BREWOS:"BREW"},uas:{Chrome:"\\bCrMo\\b|CriOS|Android.*Chrome/[.0-9]* (Mobile)?",Dolfin:"\\bDolfin\\b",Opera:"Opera.*Mini|Opera.*Mobi|Android.*Opera|Mobile.*OPR/[0-9.]+$|Coast/[0-9.]+",Skyfire:"Skyfire",Edge:"\\bEdgiOS\\b|Mobile Safari/[.0-9]* Edge",IE:"IEMobile|MSIEMobile",Firefox:"fennec|firefox.*maemo|(Mobile|Tablet).*Firefox|Firefox.*Mobile|FxiOS",Bolt:"bolt",TeaShark:"teashark",Blazer:"Blazer",Safari:"Version((?!\\bEdgiOS\\b).)*Mobile.*Safari|Safari.*Mobile|MobileSafari",WeChat:"\\bMicroMessenger\\b",UCBrowser:"UC.*Browser|UCWEB",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser",DiigoBrowser:"DiigoBrowser",Mercury:"\\bMercury\\b",ObigoBrowser:"Obigo",NetFront:"NF-Browser",GenericBrowser:"NokiaBrowser|OviBrowser|OneBrowser|TwonkyBeamBrowser|SEMC.*Browser|FlyFlow|Minimo|NetFront|Novarra-Vision|MQQBrowser|MicroMessenger",PaleMoon:"Android.*PaleMoon|Mobile.*PaleMoon"},props:{Mobile:"Mobile/[VER]",Build:"Build/[VER]",Version:"Version/[VER]",VendorID:"VendorID/[VER]",iPad:"iPad.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPhone:"iPhone.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPod:"iPod.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",Kindle:"Kindle/[VER]",Chrome:["Chrome/[VER]","CriOS/[VER]","CrMo/[VER]"],Coast:["Coast/[VER]"],Dolfin:"Dolfin/[VER]",Firefox:["Firefox/[VER]","FxiOS/[VER]"],Fennec:"Fennec/[VER]",Edge:"Edge/[VER]",IE:["IEMobile/[VER];","IEMobile [VER]","MSIE [VER];","Trident/[0-9.]+;.*rv:[VER]"],NetFront:"NetFront/[VER]",NokiaBrowser:"NokiaBrowser/[VER]",Opera:[" OPR/[VER]","Opera Mini/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],"Opera Mini":"Opera Mini/[VER]","Opera Mobi":"Version/[VER]",UCBrowser:["UCWEB[VER]","UC.*Browser/[VER]"],MQQBrowser:"MQQBrowser/[VER]",MicroMessenger:"MicroMessenger/[VER]",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp/[VER]",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser/[VER]",SamsungBrowser:"SamsungBrowser/[VER]",Iron:"Iron/[VER]",Safari:["Version/[VER]","Safari/[VER]"],Skyfire:"Skyfire/[VER]",Tizen:"Tizen/[VER]",Webkit:"webkit[ /][VER]",PaleMoon:"PaleMoon/[VER]",SailfishBrowser:"SailfishBrowser/[VER]",Gecko:"Gecko/[VER]",Trident:"Trident/[VER]",Presto:"Presto/[VER]",Goanna:"Goanna/[VER]",iOS:" \\bi?OS\\b [VER][ ;]{1}",Android:"Android [VER]",Sailfish:"Sailfish [VER]",BlackBerry:["BlackBerry[\\w]+/[VER]","BlackBerry.*Version/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],BREW:"BREW [VER]",Java:"Java/[VER]","Windows Phone OS":["Windows Phone OS [VER]","Windows Phone [VER]"],"Windows Phone":"Windows Phone [VER]","Windows CE":"Windows CE/[VER]","Windows NT":"Windows NT [VER]",Symbian:["SymbianOS/[VER]","Symbian/[VER]"],webOS:["webOS/[VER]","hpwOS/[VER];"]},utils:{Bot:"Googlebot|facebookexternalhit|Google-AMPHTML|s~amp-validator|AdsBot-Google|Google Keyword Suggestion|Facebot|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|bingbot|ia_archiver|AhrefsBot|Ezooms|GSLFbot|WBSearchBot|Twitterbot|TweetmemeBot|Twikle|PaperLiBot|Wotbox|UnwindFetchor|Exabot|MJ12bot|YandexImages|TurnitinBot|Pingdom|contentkingapp|AspiegelBot",MobileBot:"Googlebot-Mobile|AdsBot-Google-Mobile|YahooSeeker/M1A1-R2D2",DesktopMode:"WPDesktop",TV:"SonyDTV|HbbTV",WebKit:"(webkit)[ /]([\\w.]+)",Console:"\\b(Nintendo|Nintendo WiiU|Nintendo 3DS|Nintendo Switch|PLAYSTATION|Xbox)\\b",Watch:"SM-V700"}},g.detectMobileBrowsers={fullPattern:/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino/i,shortPattern:/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i,tabletPattern:/android|ipad|playbook|silk/i};var h,i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;return g.FALLBACK_PHONE="UnknownPhone",g.FALLBACK_TABLET="UnknownTablet",g.FALLBACK_MOBILE="UnknownMobile",h="isArray"in Array?Array.isArray:function(a){return"[object Array]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(a)},function(){var a,b,c,e,f,j,k=g.mobileDetectRules;for(a in k.props)if(i.call(k.props,a)){for(b=k.props[a],h(b)||(b=[b]),f=b.length,e=0;e<f;++e)c=b[e],j=c.indexOf("[VER]"),j>=0&&(c=c.substring(0,j)+"([\\w._\\+]+)"+c.substring(j+5)),b[e]=new RegExp(c,"i");k.props[a]=b}d(k.oss),d(k.phones),d(k.tablets),d(k.uas),d(k.utils),k.oss0={WindowsPhoneOS:k.oss.WindowsPhoneOS,WindowsMobileOS:k.oss.WindowsMobileOS}}(),g.findMatch=function(a,b){for(var c in a)if(i.call(a,c)&&a[c].test(b))return c;return null},g.findMatches=function(a,b){var c=[];for(var d in a)i.call(a,d)&&a[d].test(b)&&c.push(d);return c},g.getVersionStr=function(a,b){var c,d,e,f,h=g.mobileDetectRules.props;if(i.call(h,a))for(c=h[a],e=c.length,d=0;d<e;++d)if(f=c[d].exec(b),null!==f)return f[1];return null},g.getVersion=function(a,b){var c=g.getVersionStr(a,b);return c?g.prepareVersionNo(c):NaN},g.prepareVersionNo=function(a){var b;return b=a.split(/[a-z._ \/\-]/i),1===b.length&&(a=b[0]),b.length>1&&(a=b[0]+".",b.shift(),a+=b.join("")),Number(a)},g.isMobileFallback=function(a){return g.detectMobileBrowsers.fullPattern.test(a)||g.detectMobileBrowsers.shortPattern.test(a.substr(0,4))},g.isTabletFallback=function(a){return g.detectMobileBrowsers.tabletPattern.test(a)},g.prepareDetectionCache=function(a,c,d){if(a.mobile===b){var e,h,i;return(h=g.findMatch(g.mobileDetectRules.tablets,c))?(a.mobile=a.tablet=h,void(a.phone=null)):(e=g.findMatch(g.mobileDetectRules.phones,c))?(a.mobile=a.phone=e,void(a.tablet=null)):void(g.isMobileFallback(c)?(i=f.isPhoneSized(d),i===b?(a.mobile=g.FALLBACK_MOBILE,a.tablet=a.phone=null):i?(a.mobile=a.phone=g.FALLBACK_PHONE,a.tablet=null):(a.mobile=a.tablet=g.FALLBACK_TABLET,a.phone=null)):g.isTabletFallback(c)?(a.mobile=a.tablet=g.FALLBACK_TABLET,a.phone=null):a.mobile=a.tablet=a.phone=null)}},g.mobileGrade=function(a){var b=null!==a.mobile();return a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPad")>=4.3||a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPhone")>=3.1||a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPod")>=3.1||a.version("Android")>2.1&&a.is("Webkit")||a.version("Windows Phone 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