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itemtype=http://schema.org/WebSite><div id=wrapper-navbar><a class="skip-link sr-only sr-only-focusable" href=#content>Skip to content</a><nav id=main-nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light bg-primary" aria-labelledby=main-nav-label><h2 id="main-nav-label" class="sr-only"> Main Navigation</h2><div class=container> <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow> <img width=183 height=58 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20183%2058'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/themes/botheme/images/logo.png class="img-fluid lazy" alt="Biology Online Logo"> </a> <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarNavDropdown aria-controls=navbarNavDropdown aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span> </button><div class=site-search><form method=get id=searchform action=https://www.biologyonline.com/ 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show-ad-label" data-ad-mapping=rail data-ad-slot=BO_dictionary_pages data-ad-targetingpos=rail></div></div><div class=wrapper id=page-wrapper><div class=container id=content><div class=row><div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12 pb-4 content-single-article"><article class="post-103414 glossary type-glossary status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry glossary_cat-b glossary_cat-featured-term glossary_cat-most-popular grow-content-body" id=post-103414><header class=entry-header><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><div class=pb-2><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Dictionary</a> > Binomial nomenclature</div><div class=d-inline-block><h1 class="entry-title">Binomial nomenclature</h1></div><div class="float-right pt-md-4"><g:sharetoclassroom size=32 url="https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/binomial-nomenclature"></g:sharetoclassroom></div></header><div class=entry-content><div class=st-container><img width=350 height=196 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20350%20196'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/binomial-nomenclature-definition-and-example-350x196.jpg class="st-img wp-post-image lazy" alt="binomial nomenclature definition and example" decoding=async data-srcset="https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/binomial-nomenclature-definition-and-example-350x196.jpg 350w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/binomial-nomenclature-definition-and-example-300x168.jpg 300w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/binomial-nomenclature-definition-and-example-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/binomial-nomenclature-definition-and-example-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/binomial-nomenclature-definition-and-example-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/binomial-nomenclature-definition-and-example-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/binomial-nomenclature-definition-and-example.jpg 1920w" data-sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px"><p><strong>Binomial nomenclature </strong><br> n., [baɪˈnoʊ.mi.əl ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪtʃɚ] <br> Definition: A binomial system of naming a species</p></div><div id=ez-toc-container class="ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction"><p class=ez-toc-title>Table of Contents</p> <label for=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6749d38d3c01b class=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label><span class><span class=eztoc-hide style=display:none;>Toggle</span><span class=ez-toc-icon-toggle-span><svg style="fill: #999;color:#999" xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg class=list-377408 width=20px height=20px viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill=none><path d="M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z" fill=currentColor></path></svg><svg style="fill: #999;color:#999" class=arrow-unsorted-368013 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg width=10px height=10px viewBox="0 0 24 24" version=1.2 baseProfile=tiny><path d="M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z"/></svg></span></span></label><input type=checkbox id=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6749d38d3c01b checked aria-label=Toggle><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1" href=#Binomial_Nomenclature_Definition title="Binomial Nomenclature Definition">Binomial Nomenclature Definition</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2" href=#What_is_Binomial_Nomenclature_in_Biology title="What is Binomial Nomenclature in Biology">What is Binomial Nomenclature in Biology</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3" href=#Who_Came_up_with_Binomial_Nomenclature title="Who Came up with Binomial Nomenclature">Who Came up with Binomial Nomenclature</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4" href=#How_does_Binomial_Nomenclature_Work title="How does Binomial Nomenclature Work">How does Binomial Nomenclature Work</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5" href=#Binomial_Nomenclature_Examples title="Binomial Nomenclature Examples">Binomial Nomenclature Examples</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6" href=#Quiz title=Quiz>Quiz</a><ul class=ez-toc-list-level-3 ><li class=ez-toc-heading-level-3><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7" href=#Send_Your_Results_Optional title="Send Your Results (Optional)">Send Your Results (Optional)</a></li></ul></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8" href=#Further_Reading title="Further Reading">Further Reading</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9" href=#References title=References>References</a></li></ul></nav></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Binomial_Nomenclature_Definition></span>Binomial Nomenclature Definition<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p><strong>Binomial nomenclature</strong> is a binomial system of naming a <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>species</a>. A binomial name is comprised of two parts. They are (1) the<a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/generic-name data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow><strong> generic name</strong></a> (genus name) and (2) the specific name (or <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/specific-epithet data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>specific epithet</a>, in botanical nomenclature). It is often in a Latinized form. <em><strong>Synonyms:</strong></em> binominal nomenclature; binary nomenclature; two-term naming system</p><div class='code-block code-block-7 code-block-block-7' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'> <script language=javascript src="https://live.primis.tech/live/liveView.php?s=103834&cbuster=%%CACHEBUSTER%%"></script> </div><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code=PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODQnIGNsYXNzPSdhZHliIHNob3ctYWQtbGFiZWwgbXgtbWQtbjMnIGRhdGEtYWQtbWFwcGluZz0nbWlkJyBkYXRhLWFkLXNsb3Q9J0JPX2FydGljbGUnIGRhdGEtYWQtdGFyZ2V0aW5ncG9zPSAnbWlkJyA+PC9kaXY+ data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=What_is_Binomial_Nomenclature_in_Biology></span>What is Binomial Nomenclature in Biology<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>In biology, <em>binomial nomenclature</em> is essential to integrate the naming system across life sciences and therefore assign one particular unique name identifier for a particular species across different languages. Binomial nomenclature is used especially by taxonomists in naming or identifying a species of a particular organism.</p><p>It is used to come up with a scientific name for a species that is often based on the Greek or Latin language. Although Latin is now a defunct language, the naming of organisms is still being used in this language.</p><p>The <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/scientific-name data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>scientific name</a> of a <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>species</a> that is set by binomial nomenclature entails two parts: (1) generic name (or genus name) and (2) specific name (or specific epithet). In this regard, the scientific name is also referred to as the binomial name (or simply, <em>binomial</em> or <em>binomen</em>).</p><p>The <strong>generic name</strong> is the taxonomic genus. A <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/genus data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>genus</a> is a rank in the classification system that is generally below the family and above the species level. It is comprised of species with common attributes. These attributes may be based on structural similarities or on <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/phylogeny data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>phylogeny</a>.</p><p>The second part of the binomial name is the <strong>specific name</strong>. In botanical nomenclature, the second part is particularly referred to as the<em> “specific epithet”</em>. The second name (the specific name or the specific epithet) sets a particular species apart from the rest of the species within the genus.</p><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Who_Came_up_with_Binomial_Nomenclature></span>Who Came up with Binomial Nomenclature<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><figure id=attachment_108728 aria-describedby=caption-attachment-108728 style="width: 235px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img fetchpriority=high fetchpriority=high decoding=async class=" wp-image-108728 lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20235%20276'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Carl-Linnaeus-Systema-Naturae-binomial-nomenclature-143x168.jpg alt="Carl Linnaeus Systema Naturae binomial nomenclature" width=235 height=276 data-srcset="https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Carl-Linnaeus-Systema-Naturae-binomial-nomenclature-143x168.jpg 143w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Carl-Linnaeus-Systema-Naturae-binomial-nomenclature.jpg 309w" data-sizes="(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px"><figcaption id=caption-attachment-108728 class=wp-caption-text>Carl Linnaeus’s, book “Systema Naturæ” (1758, 10th ed.)</figcaption></figure><p><strong>Carl Linnaeus</strong>, the father of modern taxonomy and methods of classification, was the one who formalized the binomial nomenclature as the modern system of naming organisms. He designed the system so as to differentiate species from one to the other.</p><p>In his book, <em>Systema Naturae</em>, he described and classified thousands of species of plants and animals. Soon, he had to track his classifications, and to do that he came up with a concise naming system leading to the several binomial labels of species that he consistently used in his work, and eventually were applied and popularized in the scientific community.</p><p>Although Carl Linnaeus was credited for the modern two-term naming system, his work was largely influenced by that of Gaspard Bauhin, together with his brother, Johann Bauhin.</p><p>The Bauhin brothers were using the binomial nomenclature almost 200 years earlier. Many of the generic names introduced by them were adopted by Linnaeus. (Ref. 1)</p><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code=PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODUnIGNsYXNzPSdhZHliIHNob3ctYWQtbGFiZWwgbXgtbWQtbjMnIGRhdGEtYWQtbWFwcGluZz0nbWlkJyBkYXRhLWFkLXNsb3Q9J0JPX2FydGljbGUnIGRhdGEtYWQtdGFyZ2V0aW5ncG9zPSAnbWlkJyA+PC9kaXY+ data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=How_does_Binomial_Nomenclature_Work></span>How does Binomial Nomenclature Work<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>Binomial nomenclature proved to be essential in the scientific community. Through this system, taxonomists from all around the world can identify a species in unison. Unlike the <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/common-name-d9 data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>common names</a> that can differ from one language to another, a scientific name proved to be more consistent.</p><p>Not only will scientists and taxonomists evade inconsistency issues but they can also have an idea of the genus through which a species belongs, and therefore, have an idea of the attributes that members of the genus share. Thus, it is not surprising that the scientific community continues to adopt a naming system to this day.</p><p>The<strong> <em>International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</em> </strong>(ICZN) is the widely accepted code for the naming of animal species. (Ref.2) They are responsible for determining the proper framing of binomial names and what to do in case of name conflicts. They provide guidelines for the proper citation of animal binomial names.</p><p>The<strong> <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</em></strong> (ICNafp) is the code that sets the botanical names of plants, including algae and fungi. It is formerly known as the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. (Ref.3) As for bacteria and viruses, the widely accepted governing naming systems are the<strong> <em>International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria</em> </strong>(ICNB) and the <strong><em>International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</em> </strong>(ICTV), respectively. (Ref.4,5)</p><p>These governing systems or codes operate independently of one another. ICZN, for instance, operates independently of the other binomial nomenclature ruling body, like ICNafp. Because of this, they could use generic names for animals that are already in use for plants. Thus, there are instances when the genus of a plant is encountered in animals although the two species are obviously unrelated phylogenetically.</p><p><strong>Tautonym</strong>, where the generic name and the specific name are the same, is not allowed in ICNafp. However, it is permitted in ICZN. The main objective of these codes is to provide a name that can be consistently used for a species that is perceptible. Animals, for example, that are within the confines of mythology will, therefore, fail to meet the criteria of being given a scientific name.</p><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Binomial_Nomenclature_Examples></span>Binomial Nomenclature Examples<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>An example is <em>Yucca filamentosa</em>, a plant of the <em>Yucca</em> genus and the unique <em>filamentosa</em> species. When applying the binomial nomenclature system, the name of the species is written in italics or underlined. The genus name begins with a capital letter whereas the specific epithet, a small letter.</p><p>The genus may also be written by abbreviating it to its initial letter. For instance, based on the previous example, <em>Yucca filamentosa</em> abbreviated to <em>Y. filamentosa</em>. The name given to a particular species is called a binomial name or scientific name.</p><p>Below is the list of some examples of common names and their binomial names:</p><ul> <li>Apple – <em>Pyrus maleus</em></li> <li>Banana – <em>Musa paradiscium</em></li> <li>Camel – <em>Camelus camelidae</em></li> <li>Carrot – <em>Daucas carota</em></li> <li>Cat – <em>Felis catus</em></li> <li>Deer – <em>Artiodactyl cervidae</em></li> <li>Dog – <em>Cannis familiaris</em></li> <li>Dolphin – <em>Delphinidae delphis</em></li> <li>Elephant – <em>Proboscidea elephantidae</em></li> <li>Horse – <em>Eqqus caballus</em></li> <li>Human –<em> Homo sapiens</em></li> <li>Lemon – <em>Citrus limonium</em></li> <li>Maize – <em>Zea mays</em></li> <li>Onion – <em>Allium cepa</em></li> <li>Orange – <em>Citrus aurantium</em></li> <li>Pig – <em>Artiodactyla suidae</em></li> <li>Pineapple – <em>Ananus sativus</em></li> <li>Potato – <em>Solanium tuberosum</em></li> <li>Rabbit – <em>Leporidae cuniculas</em></li> <li>Watermelon – <em>Citrullus vulgaris</em></li> <li>Wheat – <em>Triticum aestivum</em></li></ul><div style="text-align: center"><iframe src=https://www.youtube.com/embed/Kq6faK3XHuM width=640 height=360 frameborder=0 allowfullscreen=allowfullscreen></iframe></div><p> </p><p><em><strong>Take the Binomial nomenclature Biology Quiz!</strong></em><br> <script>if(window.qmn_quiz_data===undefined){window.qmn_quiz_data=new Object();}</script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data["500"]={"quiz_id":"500","quiz_name":"Binomial nomenclature definition - quiz","disable_answer":"0","ajax_show_correct":"0","progress_bar":"1","contact_info_location":"1","qpages":{"2":{"id":"2","quizID":"500","pagekey":"ML11Luae","hide_prevbtn":"0"}},"skip_validation_time_expire":"1","timer_limit_val":0,"disable_scroll_next_previous_click":"0","disable_first_page":0,"enable_result_after_timer_end":"0","enable_quick_result_mc":"0","end_quiz_if_wrong":0,"form_disable_autofill":0,"disable_mathjax":0,"enable_quick_correct_answer_info":0,"quick_result_correct_answer_text":"Correct! 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Binomial name consists of ...</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2482-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2482 id=question2482_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2482_1> the generic name and then the family name </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2482-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2482 id=question2482_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2482_2> the specific name and then the generic name </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2482-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2482 id=question2482_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2482_3> the generic name and then the specific name </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question2482 id=question2482_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-2483 " data-qid=2483><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>2. He formalized the binomial nomenclature as the modern system of naming organisms</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2483-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2483 id=question2483_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2483_1> Carl Linnaeus </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2483-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2483 id=question2483_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2483_2> Aristotle </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2483-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2483 id=question2483_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2483_3> Charles Darwin </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question2483 id=question2483_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-2484 " data-qid=2484><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>3. The widely accepted code for the naming of animal species</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2484-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2484 id=question2484_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2484_1> ICZN </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2484-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2484 id=question2484_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2484_2> ICNafp </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2484-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2484 id=question2484_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2484_3> ICNB </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question2484 id=question2484_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-2485 " data-qid=2485><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>4. The binomial name of banana</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2485-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2485 id=question2485_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2485_1> Musa paradiscium </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2485-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2485 id=question2485_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2485_2> Paradiscium musa </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2485-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2485 id=question2485_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2485_3> Musa musa </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question2485 id=question2485_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-2486 " data-qid=2486><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>5. The taxonomic rank consisting below the genus level</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2486-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2486 id=question2486_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2486_1> Family </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2486-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2486 id=question2486_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2486_2> Domain </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question2486-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question2486 id=question2486_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question2486_3> Species </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question2486 id=question2486_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class=quiz_section><div class='qsm-after-message mlw_qmn_message_end'><h3><span class=ez-toc-section id=Send_Your_Results_Optional></span>Send Your Results (Optional)<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h3></div><div class="qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-text"> <span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'>Your Name</span> <input type=text class name=contact_field_0 id=contact_field_0 autocomplete=off placeholder='Your Name'></div><div class="qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-email"> <span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'>To Email</span> <input type=email class='mlwEmail ' name=contact_field_1 id=contact_field_1 autocomplete=off placeholder='To Email'></div></div></section> <input type=hidden name=qmn_question_list value=2482Q2483Q2484Q2485Q2486Q><div id=mlw_error_message_bottom class="qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section"></div> <input type=hidden name=qmn_all_questions_count id=qmn_all_questions_count value=5> <input type=hidden name=total_questions id=total_questions value=5> <input type=hidden name=timer id=timer value=0> <input type=hidden name=timer_ms id=timer_ms value=0> <input type=hidden class=qmn_quiz_id name=qmn_quiz_id id=qmn_quiz_id value=500> <input type=hidden name=complete_quiz value=confirmation></form></div><div style="display: none;" class="qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide" id=modal-4 aria-hidden=false><div class=qsm-popup__overlay tabindex=-1 data-micromodal-close><div class="qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container" role=dialog aria-modal=true><div class=qsm-popup__content><img class=lazy decoding=async src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/plugins/quiz-master-next/assets/clock.png alt=clock.png><p class=qsm-time-up-text> Time's up</p></div><footer class=qsm-popup__footer><button class="qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn" data-micromodal-close aria-label="Close this dialog window" onclick=location.reload();>Cancel</button></footer></div></div></div></p><p> </p><div class='code-block code-block-2 code-block-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'><div class=ai-lazy data-code=PCEtLSBhZnRlciBldmVyeSA0IHBhcmFncmFwaCBkZXNrdG9wIHBvc3QtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nbWlkODYnIGNsYXNzPSdhZHliIHNob3ctYWQtbGFiZWwgbXgtbWQtbjMnIGRhdGEtYWQtbWFwcGluZz0nbWlkJyBkYXRhLWFkLXNsb3Q9J0JPX2FydGljbGUnIGRhdGEtYWQtdGFyZ2V0aW5ncG9zPSAnbWlkJyA+PC9kaXY+ data-class="Y29kZS1ibG9jaw=="></div></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Further_Reading></span>Further Reading<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><ul> <li><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/taxonomy data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/scientific-name data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Scientific name</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/species data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Species</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/generic-name data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Generic name</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/specific-epithet data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>Specific epithet</a></li></ul><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=References></span>References<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><ol> <li>Windelspecht, M. (2002). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 17th century. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31501-5.</li> <li>The Code Online | International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (2020). Iczn.Org. https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/the-code-online/</li> <li>‌International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. (2011). Iapt-Taxon.Org. https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php</li> <li>‌SP Lapage, PHA Sneath, EF Lessel, VBD Skerman, HPR Seeliger, & Clark, W. (2019). International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Nih.Gov; ASM Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8817/</li> <li>‌International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). (2018). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). https://talk.ictvonline.org/</li></ol><p><strong>© Biology Online. 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Zoom2",AcerTablet:"Android.*; \\b(A100|A101|A110|A200|A210|A211|A500|A501|A510|A511|A700|A701|W500|W500P|W501|W501P|W510|W511|W700|G100|G100W|B1-A71|B1-710|B1-711|A1-810|A1-811|A1-830)\\b|W3-810|\\bA3-A10\\b|\\bA3-A11\\b|\\bA3-A20\\b|\\bA3-A30|A3-A40",ToshibaTablet:"Android.*(AT100|AT105|AT200|AT205|AT270|AT275|AT300|AT305|AT1S5|AT500|AT570|AT700|AT830)|TOSHIBA.*FOLIO",LGTablet:"\\bL-06C|LG-V909|LG-V900|LG-V700|LG-V510|LG-V500|LG-V410|LG-V400|LG-VK810\\b",FujitsuTablet:"Android.*\\b(F-01D|F-02F|F-05E|F-10D|M532|Q572)\\b",PrestigioTablet:"PMP3170B|PMP3270B|PMP3470B|PMP7170B|PMP3370B|PMP3570C|PMP5870C|PMP3670B|PMP5570C|PMP5770D|PMP3970B|PMP3870C|PMP5580C|PMP5880D|PMP5780D|PMP5588C|PMP7280C|PMP7280C3G|PMP7280|PMP7880D|PMP5597D|PMP5597|PMP7100D|PER3464|PER3274|PER3574|PER3884|PER5274|PER5474|PMP5097CPRO|PMP5097|PMP7380D|PMP5297C|PMP5297C_QUAD|PMP812E|PMP812E3G|PMP812F|PMP810E|PMP880TD|PMT3017|PMT3037|PMT3047|PMT3057|PMT7008|PMT5887|PMT5001|PMT5002",LenovoTablet:"Lenovo TAB|Idea(Tab|Pad)( A1|A10| K1|)|ThinkPad([ ]+)?Tablet|YT3-850M|YT3-X90L|YT3-X90F|YT3-X90X|Lenovo.*(S2109|S2110|S5000|S6000|K3011|A3000|A3500|A1000|A2107|A2109|A1107|A5500|A7600|B6000|B8000|B8080)(-|)(FL|F|HV|H|)|TB-X103F|TB-X304X|TB-X304F|TB-X304L|TB-X505F|TB-X505L|TB-X505X|TB-X605F|TB-X605L|TB-8703F|TB-8703X|TB-8703N|TB-8704N|TB-8704F|TB-8704X|TB-8704V|TB-7304F|TB-7304I|TB-7304X|Tab2A7-10F|Tab2A7-20F|TB2-X30L|YT3-X50L|YT3-X50F|YT3-X50M|YT-X705F|YT-X703F|YT-X703L|YT-X705L|YT-X705X|TB2-X30F|TB2-X30L|TB2-X30M|A2107A-F|A2107A-H|TB3-730F|TB3-730M|TB3-730X|TB-7504F|TB-7504X|TB-X704F|TB-X104F|TB3-X70F|TB-X705F|TB-8504F|TB3-X70L|TB3-710F|TB-X704L",DellTablet:"Venue 11|Venue 8|Venue 7|Dell Streak 10|Dell Streak 7",YarvikTablet:"Android.*\\b(TAB210|TAB211|TAB224|TAB250|TAB260|TAB264|TAB310|TAB360|TAB364|TAB410|TAB411|TAB420|TAB424|TAB450|TAB460|TAB461|TAB464|TAB465|TAB467|TAB468|TAB07-100|TAB07-101|TAB07-150|TAB07-151|TAB07-152|TAB07-200|TAB07-201-3G|TAB07-210|TAB07-211|TAB07-212|TAB07-214|TAB07-220|TAB07-400|TAB07-485|TAB08-150|TAB08-200|TAB08-201-3G|TAB08-201-30|TAB09-100|TAB09-211|TAB09-410|TAB10-150|TAB10-201|TAB10-211|TAB10-400|TAB10-410|TAB13-201|TAB274EUK|TAB275EUK|TAB374EUK|TAB462EUK|TAB474EUK|TAB9-200)\\b",MedionTablet:"Android.*\\bOYO\\b|LIFE.*(P9212|P9514|P9516|S9512)|LIFETAB",ArnovaTablet:"97G4|AN10G2|AN7bG3|AN7fG3|AN8G3|AN8cG3|AN7G3|AN9G3|AN7dG3|AN7dG3ST|AN7dG3ChildPad|AN10bG3|AN10bG3DT|AN9G2",IntensoTablet:"INM8002KP|INM1010FP|INM805ND|Intenso Tab|TAB1004",IRUTablet:"M702pro",MegafonTablet:"MegaFon V9|\\bZTE V9\\b|Android.*\\bMT7A\\b",EbodaTablet:"E-Boda (Supreme|Impresspeed|Izzycomm|Essential)",AllViewTablet:"Allview.*(Viva|Alldro|City|Speed|All TV|Frenzy|Quasar|Shine|TX1|AX1|AX2)",ArchosTablet:"\\b(101G9|80G9|A101IT)\\b|Qilive 97R|Archos5|\\bARCHOS (70|79|80|90|97|101|FAMILYPAD|)(b|c|)(G10| Cobalt| TITANIUM(HD|)| Xenon| Neon|XSK| 2| XS 2| PLATINUM| CARBON|GAMEPAD)\\b",AinolTablet:"NOVO7|NOVO8|NOVO10|Novo7Aurora|Novo7Basic|NOVO7PALADIN|novo9-Spark",NokiaLumiaTablet:"Lumia 2520",SonyTablet:"Sony.*Tablet|Xperia Tablet|Sony Tablet S|SO-03E|SGPT12|SGPT13|SGPT114|SGPT121|SGPT122|SGPT123|SGPT111|SGPT112|SGPT113|SGPT131|SGPT132|SGPT133|SGPT211|SGPT212|SGPT213|SGP311|SGP312|SGP321|EBRD1101|EBRD1102|EBRD1201|SGP351|SGP341|SGP511|SGP512|SGP521|SGP541|SGP551|SGP621|SGP641|SGP612|SOT31|SGP771|SGP611|SGP612|SGP712",PhilipsTablet:"\\b(PI2010|PI3000|PI3100|PI3105|PI3110|PI3205|PI3210|PI3900|PI4010|PI7000|PI7100)\\b",CubeTablet:"Android.*(K8GT|U9GT|U10GT|U16GT|U17GT|U18GT|U19GT|U20GT|U23GT|U30GT)|CUBE U8GT",CobyTablet:"MID1042|MID1045|MID1125|MID1126|MID7012|MID7014|MID7015|MID7034|MID7035|MID7036|MID7042|MID7048|MID7127|MID8042|MID8048|MID8127|MID9042|MID9740|MID9742|MID7022|MID7010",MIDTablet:"M9701|M9000|M9100|M806|M1052|M806|T703|MID701|MID713|MID710|MID727|MID760|MID830|MID728|MID933|MID125|MID810|MID732|MID120|MID930|MID800|MID731|MID900|MID100|MID820|MID735|MID980|MID130|MID833|MID737|MID960|MID135|MID860|MID736|MID140|MID930|MID835|MID733|MID4X10",MSITablet:"MSI \\b(Primo 73K|Primo 73L|Primo 81L|Primo 77|Primo 93|Primo 75|Primo 76|Primo 73|Primo 81|Primo 91|Primo 90|Enjoy 71|Enjoy 7|Enjoy 10)\\b",SMiTTablet:"Android.*(\\bMID\\b|MID-560|MTV-T1200|MTV-PND531|MTV-P1101|MTV-PND530)",RockChipTablet:"Android.*(RK2818|RK2808A|RK2918|RK3066)|RK2738|RK2808A",FlyTablet:"IQ310|Fly Vision",bqTablet:"Android.*(bq)?.*\\b(Elcano|Curie|Edison|Maxwell|Kepler|Pascal|Tesla|Hypatia|Platon|Newton|Livingstone|Cervantes|Avant|Aquaris ([E|M]10|M8))\\b|Maxwell.*Lite|Maxwell.*Plus",HuaweiTablet:"MediaPad|MediaPad 7 Youth|IDEOS S7|S7-201c|S7-202u|S7-101|S7-103|S7-104|S7-105|S7-106|S7-201|S7-Slim|M2-A01L|BAH-L09|BAH-W09|AGS-L09|CMR-AL19",NecTablet:"\\bN-06D|\\bN-08D",PantechTablet:"Pantech.*P4100",BronchoTablet:"Broncho.*(N701|N708|N802|a710)",VersusTablet:"TOUCHPAD.*[78910]|\\bTOUCHTAB\\b",ZyncTablet:"z1000|Z99 2G|z930|z990|z909|Z919|z900",PositivoTablet:"TB07STA|TB10STA|TB07FTA|TB10FTA",NabiTablet:"Android.*\\bNabi",KoboTablet:"Kobo Touch|\\bK080\\b|\\bVox\\b Build|\\bArc\\b Build",DanewTablet:"DSlide.*\\b(700|701R|702|703R|704|802|970|971|972|973|974|1010|1012)\\b",TexetTablet:"NaviPad|TB-772A|TM-7045|TM-7055|TM-9750|TM-7016|TM-7024|TM-7026|TM-7041|TM-7043|TM-7047|TM-8041|TM-9741|TM-9747|TM-9748|TM-9751|TM-7022|TM-7021|TM-7020|TM-7011|TM-7010|TM-7023|TM-7025|TM-7037W|TM-7038W|TM-7027W|TM-9720|TM-9725|TM-9737W|TM-1020|TM-9738W|TM-9740|TM-9743W|TB-807A|TB-771A|TB-727A|TB-725A|TB-719A|TB-823A|TB-805A|TB-723A|TB-715A|TB-707A|TB-705A|TB-709A|TB-711A|TB-890HD|TB-880HD|TB-790HD|TB-780HD|TB-770HD|TB-721HD|TB-710HD|TB-434HD|TB-860HD|TB-840HD|TB-760HD|TB-750HD|TB-740HD|TB-730HD|TB-722HD|TB-720HD|TB-700HD|TB-500HD|TB-470HD|TB-431HD|TB-430HD|TB-506|TB-504|TB-446|TB-436|TB-416|TB-146SE|TB-126SE",PlaystationTablet:"Playstation.*(Portable|Vita)",TrekstorTablet:"ST10416-1|VT10416-1|ST70408-1|ST702xx-1|ST702xx-2|ST80208|ST97216|ST70104-2|VT10416-2|ST10216-2A|SurfTab",PyleAudioTablet:"\\b(PTBL10CEU|PTBL10C|PTBL72BC|PTBL72BCEU|PTBL7CEU|PTBL7C|PTBL92BC|PTBL92BCEU|PTBL9CEU|PTBL9CUK|PTBL9C)\\b",AdvanTablet:"Android.* \\b(E3A|T3X|T5C|T5B|T3E|T3C|T3B|T1J|T1F|T2A|T1H|T1i|E1C|T1-E|T5-A|T4|E1-B|T2Ci|T1-B|T1-D|O1-A|E1-A|T1-A|T3A|T4i)\\b ",DanyTechTablet:"Genius Tab G3|Genius Tab S2|Genius Tab Q3|Genius Tab G4|Genius Tab Q4|Genius Tab G-II|Genius TAB GII|Genius TAB GIII|Genius Tab S1",GalapadTablet:"Android [0-9.]+; [a-z-]+; \\bG1\\b",MicromaxTablet:"Funbook|Micromax.*\\b(P250|P560|P360|P362|P600|P300|P350|P500|P275)\\b",KarbonnTablet:"Android.*\\b(A39|A37|A34|ST8|ST10|ST7|Smart Tab3|Smart Tab2)\\b",AllFineTablet:"Fine7 Genius|Fine7 Shine|Fine7 Air|Fine8 Style|Fine9 More|Fine10 Joy|Fine11 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1027",HCLTablet:"HCL.*Tablet|Connect-3G-2.0|Connect-2G-2.0|ME Tablet U1|ME Tablet U2|ME Tablet G1|ME Tablet X1|ME Tablet Y2|ME Tablet Sync",DPSTablet:"DPS Dream 9|DPS Dual 7",VistureTablet:"V97 HD|i75 3G|Visture V4( HD)?|Visture V5( HD)?|Visture V10",CrestaTablet:"CTP(-)?810|CTP(-)?818|CTP(-)?828|CTP(-)?838|CTP(-)?888|CTP(-)?978|CTP(-)?980|CTP(-)?987|CTP(-)?988|CTP(-)?989",MediatekTablet:"\\bMT8125|MT8389|MT8135|MT8377\\b",ConcordeTablet:"Concorde([ ]+)?Tab|ConCorde ReadMan",GoCleverTablet:"GOCLEVER TAB|A7GOCLEVER|M1042|M7841|M742|R1042BK|R1041|TAB A975|TAB A7842|TAB A741|TAB A741L|TAB M723G|TAB M721|TAB A1021|TAB I921|TAB R721|TAB I720|TAB T76|TAB R70|TAB R76.2|TAB R106|TAB R83.2|TAB M813G|TAB I721|GCTA722|TAB I70|TAB I71|TAB S73|TAB R73|TAB R74|TAB R93|TAB R75|TAB R76.1|TAB A73|TAB A93|TAB A93.2|TAB T72|TAB R83|TAB R974|TAB R973|TAB A101|TAB A103|TAB A104|TAB A104.2|R105BK|M713G|A972BK|TAB A971|TAB R974.2|TAB R104|TAB R83.3|TAB A1042",ModecomTablet:"FreeTAB 9000|FreeTAB 7.4|FreeTAB 7004|FreeTAB 7800|FreeTAB 2096|FreeTAB 7.5|FreeTAB 1014|FreeTAB 1001 |FreeTAB 8001|FreeTAB 9706|FreeTAB 9702|FreeTAB 7003|FreeTAB 7002|FreeTAB 1002|FreeTAB 7801|FreeTAB 1331|FreeTAB 1004|FreeTAB 8002|FreeTAB 8014|FreeTAB 9704|FreeTAB 1003",VoninoTablet:"\\b(Argus[ _]?S|Diamond[ _]?79HD|Emerald[ _]?78E|Luna[ _]?70C|Onyx[ _]?S|Onyx[ _]?Z|Orin[ _]?HD|Orin[ _]?S|Otis[ _]?S|SpeedStar[ _]?S|Magnet[ _]?M9|Primus[ _]?94[ _]?3G|Primus[ _]?94HD|Primus[ _]?QS|Android.*\\bQ8\\b|Sirius[ _]?EVO[ _]?QS|Sirius[ _]?QS|Spirit[ _]?S)\\b",ECSTablet:"V07OT2|TM105A|S10OT1|TR10CS1",StorexTablet:"eZee[_']?(Tab|Go)[0-9]+|TabLC7|Looney Tunes Tab",VodafoneTablet:"SmartTab([ ]+)?[0-9]+|SmartTabII10|SmartTabII7|VF-1497|VFD 1400",EssentielBTablet:"Smart[ ']?TAB[ ]+?[0-9]+|Family[ ']?TAB2",RossMoorTablet:"RM-790|RM-997|RMD-878G|RMD-974R|RMT-705A|RMT-701|RME-601|RMT-501|RMT-711",iMobileTablet:"i-mobile i-note",TolinoTablet:"tolino tab [0-9.]+|tolino shine",AudioSonicTablet:"\\bC-22Q|T7-QC|T-17B|T-17P\\b",AMPETablet:"Android.* A78 ",SkkTablet:"Android.* (SKYPAD|PHOENIX|CYCLOPS)",TecnoTablet:"TECNO P9|TECNO DP8D",JXDTablet:"Android.* \\b(F3000|A3300|JXD5000|JXD3000|JXD2000|JXD300B|JXD300|S5800|S7800|S602b|S5110b|S7300|S5300|S602|S603|S5100|S5110|S601|S7100a|P3000F|P3000s|P101|P200s|P1000m|P200m|P9100|P1000s|S6600b|S908|P1000|P300|S18|S6600|S9100)\\b",iJoyTablet:"Tablet (Spirit 7|Essentia|Galatea|Fusion|Onix 7|Landa|Titan|Scooby|Deox|Stella|Themis|Argon|Unique 7|Sygnus|Hexen|Finity 7|Cream|Cream X2|Jade|Neon 7|Neron 7|Kandy|Scape|Saphyr 7|Rebel|Biox|Rebel|Rebel 8GB|Myst|Draco 7|Myst|Tab7-004|Myst|Tadeo Jones|Tablet Boing|Arrow|Draco Dual Cam|Aurix|Mint|Amity|Revolution|Finity 9|Neon 9|T9w|Amity 4GB Dual Cam|Stone 4GB|Stone 8GB|Andromeda|Silken|X2|Andromeda II|Halley|Flame|Saphyr 9,7|Touch 8|Planet|Triton|Unique 10|Hexen 10|Memphis 4GB|Memphis 8GB|Onix 10)",FX2Tablet:"FX2 PAD7|FX2 PAD10",XoroTablet:"KidsPAD 701|PAD[ ]?712|PAD[ ]?714|PAD[ ]?716|PAD[ ]?717|PAD[ ]?718|PAD[ ]?720|PAD[ ]?721|PAD[ ]?722|PAD[ ]?790|PAD[ ]?792|PAD[ ]?900|PAD[ ]?9715D|PAD[ ]?9716DR|PAD[ ]?9718DR|PAD[ ]?9719QR|PAD[ ]?9720QR|TelePAD1030|Telepad1032|TelePAD730|TelePAD731|TelePAD732|TelePAD735Q|TelePAD830|TelePAD9730|TelePAD795|MegaPAD 1331|MegaPAD 1851|MegaPAD 2151",ViewsonicTablet:"ViewPad 10pi|ViewPad 10e|ViewPad 10s|ViewPad E72|ViewPad7|ViewPad E100|ViewPad 7e|ViewSonic VB733|VB100a",VerizonTablet:"QTAQZ3|QTAIR7|QTAQTZ3|QTASUN1|QTASUN2|QTAXIA1",OdysTablet:"LOOX|XENO10|ODYS[ -](Space|EVO|Xpress|NOON)|\\bXELIO\\b|Xelio10Pro|XELIO7PHONETAB|XELIO10EXTREME|XELIOPT2|NEO_QUAD10",CaptivaTablet:"CAPTIVA PAD",IconbitTablet:"NetTAB|NT-3702|NT-3702S|NT-3702S|NT-3603P|NT-3603P|NT-0704S|NT-0704S|NT-3805C|NT-3805C|NT-0806C|NT-0806C|NT-0909T|NT-0909T|NT-0907S|NT-0907S|NT-0902S|NT-0902S",TeclastTablet:"T98 4G|\\bP80\\b|\\bX90HD\\b|X98 Air|X98 Air 3G|\\bX89\\b|P80 3G|\\bX80h\\b|P98 Air|\\bX89HD\\b|P98 3G|\\bP90HD\\b|P89 3G|X98 3G|\\bP70h\\b|P79HD 3G|G18d 3G|\\bP79HD\\b|\\bP89s\\b|\\bA88\\b|\\bP10HD\\b|\\bP19HD\\b|G18 3G|\\bP78HD\\b|\\bA78\\b|\\bP75\\b|G17s 3G|G17h 3G|\\bP85t\\b|\\bP90\\b|\\bP11\\b|\\bP98t\\b|\\bP98HD\\b|\\bG18d\\b|\\bP85s\\b|\\bP11HD\\b|\\bP88s\\b|\\bA80HD\\b|\\bA80se\\b|\\bA10h\\b|\\bP89\\b|\\bP78s\\b|\\bG18\\b|\\bP85\\b|\\bA70h\\b|\\bA70\\b|\\bG17\\b|\\bP18\\b|\\bA80s\\b|\\bA11s\\b|\\bP88HD\\b|\\bA80h\\b|\\bP76s\\b|\\bP76h\\b|\\bP98\\b|\\bA10HD\\b|\\bP78\\b|\\bP88\\b|\\bA11\\b|\\bA10t\\b|\\bP76a\\b|\\bP76t\\b|\\bP76e\\b|\\bP85HD\\b|\\bP85a\\b|\\bP86\\b|\\bP75HD\\b|\\bP76v\\b|\\bA12\\b|\\bP75a\\b|\\bA15\\b|\\bP76Ti\\b|\\bP81HD\\b|\\bA10\\b|\\bT760VE\\b|\\bT720HD\\b|\\bP76\\b|\\bP73\\b|\\bP71\\b|\\bP72\\b|\\bT720SE\\b|\\bC520Ti\\b|\\bT760\\b|\\bT720VE\\b|T720-3GE|T720-WiFi",OndaTablet:"\\b(V975i|Vi30|VX530|V701|Vi60|V701s|Vi50|V801s|V719|Vx610w|VX610W|V819i|Vi10|VX580W|Vi10|V711s|V813|V811|V820w|V820|Vi20|V711|VI30W|V712|V891w|V972|V819w|V820w|Vi60|V820w|V711|V813s|V801|V819|V975s|V801|V819|V819|V818|V811|V712|V975m|V101w|V961w|V812|V818|V971|V971s|V919|V989|V116w|V102w|V973|Vi40)\\b[\\s]+|V10 \\b4G\\b",JaytechTablet:"TPC-PA762",BlaupunktTablet:"Endeavour 800NG|Endeavour 1010",DigmaTablet:"\\b(iDx10|iDx9|iDx8|iDx7|iDxD7|iDxD8|iDsQ8|iDsQ7|iDsQ8|iDsD10|iDnD7|3TS804H|iDsQ11|iDj7|iDs10)\\b",EvolioTablet:"ARIA_Mini_wifi|Aria[ _]Mini|Evolio X10|Evolio X7|Evolio X8|\\bEvotab\\b|\\bNeura\\b",LavaTablet:"QPAD E704|\\bIvoryS\\b|E-TAB IVORY|\\bE-TAB\\b",AocTablet:"MW0811|MW0812|MW0922|MTK8382|MW1031|MW0831|MW0821|MW0931|MW0712",MpmanTablet:"MP11 OCTA|MP10 OCTA|MPQC1114|MPQC1004|MPQC994|MPQC974|MPQC973|MPQC804|MPQC784|MPQC780|\\bMPG7\\b|MPDCG75|MPDCG71|MPDC1006|MP101DC|MPDC9000|MPDC905|MPDC706HD|MPDC706|MPDC705|MPDC110|MPDC100|MPDC99|MPDC97|MPDC88|MPDC8|MPDC77|MP709|MID701|MID711|MID170|MPDC703|MPQC1010",CelkonTablet:"CT695|CT888|CT[\\s]?910|CT7 Tab|CT9 Tab|CT3 Tab|CT2 Tab|CT1 Tab|C820|C720|\\bCT-1\\b",WolderTablet:"miTab \\b(DIAMOND|SPACE|BROOKLYN|NEO|FLY|MANHATTAN|FUNK|EVOLUTION|SKY|GOCAR|IRON|GENIUS|POP|MINT|EPSILON|BROADWAY|JUMP|HOP|LEGEND|NEW AGE|LINE|ADVANCE|FEEL|FOLLOW|LIKE|LINK|LIVE|THINK|FREEDOM|CHICAGO|CLEVELAND|BALTIMORE-GH|IOWA|BOSTON|SEATTLE|PHOENIX|DALLAS|IN 101|MasterChef)\\b",MediacomTablet:"M-MPI10C3G|M-SP10EG|M-SP10EGP|M-SP10HXAH|M-SP7HXAH|M-SP10HXBH|M-SP8HXAH|M-SP8MXA",MiTablet:"\\bMI PAD\\b|\\bHM NOTE 1W\\b",NibiruTablet:"Nibiru M1|Nibiru Jupiter One",NexoTablet:"NEXO NOVA|NEXO 10|NEXO AVIO|NEXO FREE|NEXO GO|NEXO EVO|NEXO 3G|NEXO SMART|NEXO KIDDO|NEXO MOBI",LeaderTablet:"TBLT10Q|TBLT10I|TBL-10WDKB|TBL-10WDKBO2013|TBL-W230V2|TBL-W450|TBL-W500|SV572|TBLT7I|TBA-AC7-8G|TBLT79|TBL-8W16|TBL-10W32|TBL-10WKB|TBL-W100",UbislateTablet:"UbiSlate[\\s]?7C",PocketBookTablet:"Pocketbook",KocasoTablet:"\\b(TB-1207)\\b",HisenseTablet:"\\b(F5281|E2371)\\b",Hudl:"Hudl HT7S3|Hudl 2",TelstraTablet:"T-Hub2",GenericTablet:"Android.*\\b97D\\b|Tablet(?!.*PC)|BNTV250A|MID-WCDMA|LogicPD Zoom2|\\bA7EB\\b|CatNova8|A1_07|CT704|CT1002|\\bM721\\b|rk30sdk|\\bEVOTAB\\b|M758A|ET904|ALUMIUM10|Smartfren Tab|Endeavour 1010|Tablet-PC-4|Tagi Tab|\\bM6pro\\b|CT1020W|arc 10HD|\\bTP750\\b|\\bQTAQZ3\\b|WVT101|TM1088|KT107"},oss:{AndroidOS:"Android",BlackBerryOS:"blackberry|\\bBB10\\b|rim tablet os",PalmOS:"PalmOS|avantgo|blazer|elaine|hiptop|palm|plucker|xiino",SymbianOS:"Symbian|SymbOS|Series60|Series40|SYB-[0-9]+|\\bS60\\b",WindowsMobileOS:"Windows CE.*(PPC|Smartphone|Mobile|[0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})|Windows Mobile|Windows Phone [0-9.]+|WCE;",WindowsPhoneOS:"Windows Phone 10.0|Windows Phone 8.1|Windows Phone 8.0|Windows Phone OS|XBLWP7|ZuneWP7|Windows NT 6.[23]; ARM;",iOS:"\\biPhone.*Mobile|\\biPod|\\biPad|AppleCoreMedia",iPadOS:"CPU OS 13",SailfishOS:"Sailfish",MeeGoOS:"MeeGo",MaemoOS:"Maemo",JavaOS:"J2ME/|\\bMIDP\\b|\\bCLDC\\b",webOS:"webOS|hpwOS",badaOS:"\\bBada\\b",BREWOS:"BREW"},uas:{Chrome:"\\bCrMo\\b|CriOS|Android.*Chrome/[.0-9]* (Mobile)?",Dolfin:"\\bDolfin\\b",Opera:"Opera.*Mini|Opera.*Mobi|Android.*Opera|Mobile.*OPR/[0-9.]+$|Coast/[0-9.]+",Skyfire:"Skyfire",Edge:"\\bEdgiOS\\b|Mobile Safari/[.0-9]* Edge",IE:"IEMobile|MSIEMobile",Firefox:"fennec|firefox.*maemo|(Mobile|Tablet).*Firefox|Firefox.*Mobile|FxiOS",Bolt:"bolt",TeaShark:"teashark",Blazer:"Blazer",Safari:"Version((?!\\bEdgiOS\\b).)*Mobile.*Safari|Safari.*Mobile|MobileSafari",WeChat:"\\bMicroMessenger\\b",UCBrowser:"UC.*Browser|UCWEB",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser",DiigoBrowser:"DiigoBrowser",Mercury:"\\bMercury\\b",ObigoBrowser:"Obigo",NetFront:"NF-Browser",GenericBrowser:"NokiaBrowser|OviBrowser|OneBrowser|TwonkyBeamBrowser|SEMC.*Browser|FlyFlow|Minimo|NetFront|Novarra-Vision|MQQBrowser|MicroMessenger",PaleMoon:"Android.*PaleMoon|Mobile.*PaleMoon"},props:{Mobile:"Mobile/[VER]",Build:"Build/[VER]",Version:"Version/[VER]",VendorID:"VendorID/[VER]",iPad:"iPad.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPhone:"iPhone.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPod:"iPod.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",Kindle:"Kindle/[VER]",Chrome:["Chrome/[VER]","CriOS/[VER]","CrMo/[VER]"],Coast:["Coast/[VER]"],Dolfin:"Dolfin/[VER]",Firefox:["Firefox/[VER]","FxiOS/[VER]"],Fennec:"Fennec/[VER]",Edge:"Edge/[VER]",IE:["IEMobile/[VER];","IEMobile [VER]","MSIE [VER];","Trident/[0-9.]+;.*rv:[VER]"],NetFront:"NetFront/[VER]",NokiaBrowser:"NokiaBrowser/[VER]",Opera:[" OPR/[VER]","Opera Mini/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],"Opera Mini":"Opera Mini/[VER]","Opera Mobi":"Version/[VER]",UCBrowser:["UCWEB[VER]","UC.*Browser/[VER]"],MQQBrowser:"MQQBrowser/[VER]",MicroMessenger:"MicroMessenger/[VER]",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp/[VER]",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser/[VER]",SamsungBrowser:"SamsungBrowser/[VER]",Iron:"Iron/[VER]",Safari:["Version/[VER]","Safari/[VER]"],Skyfire:"Skyfire/[VER]",Tizen:"Tizen/[VER]",Webkit:"webkit[ /][VER]",PaleMoon:"PaleMoon/[VER]",SailfishBrowser:"SailfishBrowser/[VER]",Gecko:"Gecko/[VER]",Trident:"Trident/[VER]",Presto:"Presto/[VER]",Goanna:"Goanna/[VER]",iOS:" \\bi?OS\\b [VER][ ;]{1}",Android:"Android [VER]",Sailfish:"Sailfish [VER]",BlackBerry:["BlackBerry[\\w]+/[VER]","BlackBerry.*Version/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],BREW:"BREW [VER]",Java:"Java/[VER]","Windows Phone OS":["Windows Phone OS [VER]","Windows Phone [VER]"],"Windows Phone":"Windows Phone [VER]","Windows CE":"Windows CE/[VER]","Windows NT":"Windows NT [VER]",Symbian:["SymbianOS/[VER]","Symbian/[VER]"],webOS:["webOS/[VER]","hpwOS/[VER];"]},utils:{Bot:"Googlebot|facebookexternalhit|Google-AMPHTML|s~amp-validator|AdsBot-Google|Google Keyword Suggestion|Facebot|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|bingbot|ia_archiver|AhrefsBot|Ezooms|GSLFbot|WBSearchBot|Twitterbot|TweetmemeBot|Twikle|PaperLiBot|Wotbox|UnwindFetchor|Exabot|MJ12bot|YandexImages|TurnitinBot|Pingdom|contentkingapp|AspiegelBot",MobileBot:"Googlebot-Mobile|AdsBot-Google-Mobile|YahooSeeker/M1A1-R2D2",DesktopMode:"WPDesktop",TV:"SonyDTV|HbbTV",WebKit:"(webkit)[ /]([\\w.]+)",Console:"\\b(Nintendo|Nintendo WiiU|Nintendo 3DS|Nintendo Switch|PLAYSTATION|Xbox)\\b",Watch:"SM-V700"}},g.detectMobileBrowsers={fullPattern:/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino/i,shortPattern:/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i,tabletPattern:/android|ipad|playbook|silk/i};var h,i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;return g.FALLBACK_PHONE="UnknownPhone",g.FALLBACK_TABLET="UnknownTablet",g.FALLBACK_MOBILE="UnknownMobile",h="isArray"in Array?Array.isArray:function(a){return"[object Array]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(a)},function(){var a,b,c,e,f,j,k=g.mobileDetectRules;for(a in k.props)if(i.call(k.props,a)){for(b=k.props[a],h(b)||(b=[b]),f=b.length,e=0;e<f;++e)c=b[e],j=c.indexOf("[VER]"),j>=0&&(c=c.substring(0,j)+"([\\w._\\+]+)"+c.substring(j+5)),b[e]=new RegExp(c,"i");k.props[a]=b}d(k.oss),d(k.phones),d(k.tablets),d(k.uas),d(k.utils),k.oss0={WindowsPhoneOS:k.oss.WindowsPhoneOS,WindowsMobileOS:k.oss.WindowsMobileOS}}(),g.findMatch=function(a,b){for(var c in a)if(i.call(a,c)&&a[c].test(b))return c;return null},g.findMatches=function(a,b){var c=[];for(var d in a)i.call(a,d)&&a[d].test(b)&&c.push(d);return c},g.getVersionStr=function(a,b){var c,d,e,f,h=g.mobileDetectRules.props;if(i.call(h,a))for(c=h[a],e=c.length,d=0;d<e;++d)if(f=c[d].exec(b),null!==f)return f[1];return null},g.getVersion=function(a,b){var c=g.getVersionStr(a,b);return c?g.prepareVersionNo(c):NaN},g.prepareVersionNo=function(a){var b;return b=a.split(/[a-z._ \/\-]/i),1===b.length&&(a=b[0]),b.length>1&&(a=b[0]+".",b.shift(),a+=b.join("")),Number(a)},g.isMobileFallback=function(a){return g.detectMobileBrowsers.fullPattern.test(a)||g.detectMobileBrowsers.shortPattern.test(a.substr(0,4))},g.isTabletFallback=function(a){return g.detectMobileBrowsers.tabletPattern.test(a)},g.prepareDetectionCache=function(a,c,d){if(a.mobile===b){var e,h,i;return(h=g.findMatch(g.mobileDetectRules.tablets,c))?(a.mobile=a.tablet=h,void(a.phone=null)):(e=g.findMatch(g.mobileDetectRules.phones,c))?(a.mobile=a.phone=e,void(a.tablet=null)):void(g.isMobileFallback(c)?(i=f.isPhoneSized(d),i===b?(a.mobile=g.FALLBACK_MOBILE,a.tablet=a.phone=null):i?(a.mobile=a.phone=g.FALLBACK_PHONE,a.tablet=null):(a.mobile=a.tablet=g.FALLBACK_TABLET,a.phone=null)):g.isTabletFallback(c)?(a.mobile=a.tablet=g.FALLBACK_TABLET,a.phone=null):a.mobile=a.tablet=a.phone=null)}},g.mobileGrade=function(a){var b=null!==a.mobile();return a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPad")>=4.3||a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPhone")>=3.1||a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPod")>=3.1||a.version("Android")>2.1&&a.is("Webkit")||a.version("Windows Phone 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