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{"work":{"id":41914596,"created_at":"2020-02-09T00:40:41.868-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-02T12:05:45.206-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The name of Dr. Rafiq Anjum, a paediatrician (Doctor) by profession, emerged on Gojri’s horizon in the year 1993 with his first poetic collection, ‘Dil Darya’ in Gojri, that won State level ‘Best Book Award’ from a premier cultural institution that is J\u0026K Academy of Art, Culture and Languages for the year 1996.Later his two more Gojri books were also appreciated in literary circles.","ai_title_tag":"Rafiq Anjum: Pioneer of Gojri Literature"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Rafiq Anjum -Stalwart of Gojri literary movement: By Dr. Javaid Rahi","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [94470568]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; 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src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62040960/mini_magick20200209-21625-1xrohmu.png?1581237668" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Rafiq Anjum -Stalwart of Gojri literary movement: By Dr. Javaid Rahi</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="94470568" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrJavaidRahi"><img alt="Profile image of Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/94470568/37346758/150793742/s65_dr._javaid.rahi.jpg" />Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 41914596; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=41914596"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The name of Dr. Rafiq Anjum, a paediatrician (Doctor) by profession, emerged on Gojri’s horizon in the year 1993 with his first poetic collection, ‘Dil Darya’ in Gojri, that won State level ‘Best Book Award’ from a premier cultural institution that is J&K Academy of Art, Culture and Languages for the year 1996.Later his two more Gojri books were also appreciated in literary circles.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":62040960,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/41914596/Rafiq_Anjum_Stalwart_of_Gojri_literary_movement_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":62040960,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/41914596/Rafiq_Anjum_Stalwart_of_Gojri_literary_movement_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner 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Anees has been a prolific, award-winning novelist who wrote seven novels within a span of ten years, despite facing numerous rejections from publishing houses. This conversation sheds light on Anees Salim’s significant works, which include Vanity Bagh, The Blind Lady’s Descendants, Tales From a Vending Machine, The Vicks Mango Tree, The Small-Town Sea, The Odd Book of Baby Names, and The Bellboy. These works provide readers with a diverse range of experiences in terms of themes, techniques, and subject matter. In this exclusive interview, Anees Salim talks about the origins of his most recent literary works, his inclination to explore the strengths and flaws of the families portrayed in his fiction, the recurring themes of religious divisions within his narratives, and the fundamental driving force behind his writing, which primarily serves the reader within himself. He also delves into issues like loneliness, death, sorrow, and the creation of fictional places that have preoccupied modern readers. Throughout the interview, he graciously responds to questions, emphasizing that his goal as a novelist is to depict unique reactions to situations while also acknowledging that the perspective from which he views them is shaped by his own experiences and insights.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The New Age Indian Novelist: A Conversation with Anees Salim","attachmentId":120673143,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126856599/The_New_Age_Indian_Novelist_A_Conversation_with_Anees_Salim","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126856599/The_New_Age_Indian_Novelist_A_Conversation_with_Anees_Salim"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="34441579" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34441579/RAM_SARUP_ANKHI_A_REGIONAL_NOVELIST">RAM SARUP ANKHI: A REGIONAL NOVELIST</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35963671" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajeevTiwari6">SMART M O V E S J O U R N A L IJELLH</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Regional novel depicts the life of a particular region through literature This particular type of novel aims at the depiction of various aspects of socio-cultural life of a particular region. In regional novel, novelist shows the real picture of a particular region. Regional novels are written in many languages. This tradition has been started in western world. Like Western, IndianEnglish, and other vernacular literature, Punjabi literature has also got influence of regionalism. In modern era under the influence of some social factors Anchalik novels were written. In all Indian languages these types of novels can be found. In Punjabi literature Surinder Singh Narula can be recognized as the initiator of this genre. In his Peo Puttar a very interesting and well description of regional life of Amritsar can be noticed. Keywords: Culture, Regional Novel, Society, Punjabi, Western etc.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"RAM SARUP ANKHI: A REGIONAL NOVELIST","attachmentId":54316258,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34441579/RAM_SARUP_ANKHI_A_REGIONAL_NOVELIST","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34441579/RAM_SARUP_ANKHI_A_REGIONAL_NOVELIST"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="35426933" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35426933/AboutRAM_SARUP_ANKHI_A_REGIONAL_NOVELIST">AboutRAM SARUP ANKHI: A REGIONAL NOVELIST</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35963671" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajeevTiwari6">SMART M O V E S J O U R N A L IJELLH</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Regional novel depicts the life of a particular region through literature This particular type of novel aims at the depiction of various aspects of socio-cultural life of a particular region. In regional novel, novelist shows the real picture of a particular region. Regional novels are written in many languages. This tradition has been started in western world. Like Western, IndianEnglish, and other vernacular literature, Punjabi literature has also got influence of regionalism. In modern era under the influence of some social factors Anchalik novels were written. In all Indian languages these types of novels can be found. In Punjabi literature Surinder Singh Narula can be recognized as the initiator of this genre. In his Peo Puttar a very interesting and well description of regional life of Amritsar can be noticed. Keywords: Culture, Regional Novel, Society, Punjabi, Western etc.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"AboutRAM SARUP ANKHI: A REGIONAL NOVELIST","attachmentId":55287972,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35426933/AboutRAM_SARUP_ANKHI_A_REGIONAL_NOVELIST","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35426933/AboutRAM_SARUP_ANKHI_A_REGIONAL_NOVELIST"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="35549887" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35549887/Mirza_Salamat_Ali_Dabir_a_renowned_Urdu_poet_of_the_Mughal_Era">Mirza Salamat Ali Dabir a renowned Urdu poet of the Mughal Era</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35963671" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajeevTiwari6">SMART M O V E S J O U R N A L IJELLH</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">irza Salamat Ali Dabir was a renowned writer of the Mughal period. His chief theme of verse writing was the combat of Karbala and the martyrdom of Hussain IbneAli (the youngest grandson of Prophet Mohammad). His proficiencywas Marsia inscriptionor Marsia Nigari.. He was born in 1803 in Delhi and expired in 1875 in Awadh, Lucknow. He was one of the leading Urdu writers. He drifted from Delhi to Lucknow to augment his career as at that time Lucknow was the heart of Urdu poetry and Literature and the centre of Shia-community who eulogized a work of piousness and sacredness to lament the martyrs of ‘The battle of Karbala’Dabir has written at least 3,000 marsia’s apart from Salam’s (a lyrical salutation), Noha’s (dirge) and Rubai’s (quatrains) and few ghazal’s (poems). He also wrote a dot-less elegy in which he has taken pen-name Utarid which means Mercury as a replacement for his original name Dabir. His numerous letters (mostly Persian and some in Urdu) are also accessible in Libraries which educate us in diverse shades of living.Few among the pioneer of Marsia Nigari in Awadh are the local poets of Faizabad vz. Afsurdah, Gada, Nazim Lucknawi and luminaries from Delhi are Sikander and Sauda. Other well-known writers of Marsia Nigari or Marsia writing are Mir Zamir, Mir Khaliq, Dilgir and Fasih.Keywords:</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mirza Salamat Ali Dabir a renowned Urdu poet of the Mughal Era","attachmentId":55415278,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35549887/Mirza_Salamat_Ali_Dabir_a_renowned_Urdu_poet_of_the_Mughal_Era","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35549887/Mirza_Salamat_Ali_Dabir_a_renowned_Urdu_poet_of_the_Mughal_Era"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="38988298" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38988298/The_Rebel_Stylist_Nasreen_Anjum_Bhattis_Punjabi_Poetry">The Rebel Stylist: Nasreen Anjum Bhatti's Punjabi Poetry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15372682" href="https://uet.academia.edu/MahmoodAwan">Mahmood Awan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The News on Sunday, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">One of the most gifted poets of our time, Nasreen Anjum Bhatti stands tall among all the women Punjabi poets of her generation</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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data-entity-id="10119201" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10119201/Najm_Hosain_Syed_A_Literary_Profile">Najm Hosain Syed: A Literary Profile</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24681169" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IshaqHosain">Ishaq Hosain</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Najm Hosain Syed: A Literary Profile","attachmentId":36235422,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10119201/Najm_Hosain_Syed_A_Literary_Profile","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10119201/Najm_Hosain_Syed_A_Literary_Profile"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="37662651" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37662651/Anil_Karanjai_Book_review_by_Hartman_de_Souza">Anil Karanjai : Book review by Hartman de Souza</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27058167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalayRoychoudhury">Malay Roychoudhury</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">At the outset, let me just say that Roads Across the Earth: On the Life, Times and Art of Anil Karanjai – Juliet Reynolds' long, brilliant essay and indeed, the essays by nine men who knew Anil – completes a circle for many others who knew the man in flesh and blood, who felt his passion, and indeed, were stunned by his work. The senior writer and historian, Sumanta Banerjee, Anil's close friend who has a short but poignant essay in the book, echoes many of us: Anil Karanjai was not a celebrity among India's elite art circles and their patrons. He hated to woo them, and continued to paint in his own style till the end of his life, defying market demands. But he occupies a special niche in the hearts of many people whose voices remain unheard in the babble of the cocktail parties.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Anil Karanjai : Book review by Hartman de Souza","attachmentId":57650532,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37662651/Anil_Karanjai_Book_review_by_Hartman_de_Souza","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37662651/Anil_Karanjai_Book_review_by_Hartman_de_Souza"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="86392431" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86392431/The_Poetry_of_Nizami_Ganjavi_Knowledge_Love_and_Rhetoric">The Poetry of Nizami Ganjavi: Knowledge, Love, and Rhetoric</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39769209" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NizamiGanjaviIC">Nizami Ganjavi IC</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The contributors to this volume have employed different systems of transliteration. In an attempt to be consistent, we have generally adjusted these to conform to the transliteration system of the Library of Congress. We have not, however, employed this system with complete fidelity, so the reader will find both Iskandar Nama and lskandemameh. We have also left unchanged the transliteration of original poetry and excerpts in order to respect the authors' choices. Introduction: Nizami Ganjavi and His Poetry The poet Nizami Ganjavi (1140-1202) is one of the giants of the Persian literary tradition. As a narrative poet, he stands between Abolqasem Firdawsi (ca. 940-ca. 1020), the poet of Iran's heroic tradition and the author of the Shahnamah (Book of Kings), and Jalaluddin Rumi (1207-1273), whose Divan-i kabir (Great Divan) and Kitab-i Masnavi Ma'navi (Spiritual Couplets) virtually define the forms of mystical lyric and mystical narrative poetry, respectively. Nizami's narrative poetry is more comprehensive than that of either Firdawsi or Rumi, in that it includes the romantic dimensions of human relations as well the heroic, and plumbs the human psyche with an unprecedented depth and understanding. To be sure, a profound spiritual consciousness pervades his poetry, and to suggest otherwise would be to do him a disservice, but he does not, as does Rumi, make the whole focus of his work the evocation and articulation of the transcendent dimension of existence. Nizami brought about a comparable expansion of the language of poetry, as well. He was among the first poets in Iran to wed the lyric style of court poetry, with its rhetorical intricacy and metaphoric density, to narrative form, and his language is as much a presence on the narrative stage as are the characters and events it depicts. For him, discourse or eloquent speech (sokhan), or more particularly, the precise, beautiful, and signifying language of the poet, is his main or principal concern. For Nizami, poets have a nearly divine status. He repeatedly draws attention to the shaping and educative function of sokhan in his books, and goes so far as to liken his poetry to the Qur'an itself as a source of clear moral guidance, a bold assertion for his time. 1 In Makhzan al-asrar (The Treasure House of Mysteries), he writes, "The first manifestation of existence was speech .... Without speech the world has no voice." The five long poems, known collectively as the Khamsa (Quintet) or Pan} Ganj (Five Treasures), composed by Nizami in the late twelfth century, set new standards in their own time for elegance of expression, In this passage-only part of a large section of the book's introduction devoted entirely to the question of speech-the poet asserts that the world begins and ends with words. Words, indeed, have created not only the world but the soul. Meisami aptly acknowledges the importance of sokhan in Nizami's work. She refers to the poet's description of In "Layla Grows Up: Nizami's Layla and Majnun 'in the Turkish Manner,'" Walter Andrews and Mehmet Kalpakli argue that Fuzuli's Ottoman Turkish version of the story should be read as a revisionist interpretation of the legend that gives Layli new prominence. Karnran Talattof provides a comparative study of Nizami's work in his chapter, "Nizami's Unlikely Heroines: A Study of the Characterizations of Women in Classical Persian Literature," to further better understanding of the attitudes of Nizami, Firdawsi, and Jami toward issues of gender. Asghar Abu Gohrab in "Majnun's Image as a Serpent," demonstrates that in contrast to the early Arabic sources that refer cryptically to Majnun's emaciated body and his nakedness, Nizami uses images of the serpent, among others, to depict Majnun's physical appearance and his complex character. Julie Scott Meisami devotes her chapter, "The Historian and the Poet: Ravani, Nizami, and the Rhetoric of History," to a discussion of Ravandf s use of quotations from Nizami in the Riihat al-Sudiir. J. Christoph Btirgel, in his chapter "Occult Sciences in the Iskandamameh of Nizami," discusses Nizami's portrayal of an ideal statesman based on Farabi's concept of political philosophy. According to this book, in addition to military, political, philosophical, and prophetic faculties, a statesman should also understand, among others, astrology, alchemy and magic, and music and medicine-in other words, the three major branches of the so-called occult sciences. In "Nizami's Poetry versus Scientific Knowledge: The Case of the Pomegranate," Christine van Ruymbeke explains Nizami's knowledge of pharmaceutical and medical properties and uses by examining his remarks on certain plants.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Poetry of Nizami Ganjavi: Knowledge, Love, and Rhetoric","attachmentId":90856234,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86392431/The_Poetry_of_Nizami_Ganjavi_Knowledge_Love_and_Rhetoric","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86392431/The_Poetry_of_Nizami_Ganjavi_Knowledge_Love_and_Rhetoric"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="3278885" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3278885/A_Concise_Handlist_of_Jawi_Authors_and_Their_Works">A Concise Handlist of Jawi Authors and Their Works</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2683845" href="https://washington.academia.edu/NicholasHeer">Nicholas Heer</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Concise Handlist of Jawi Authors and Their Works","attachmentId":31119686,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3278885/A_Concise_Handlist_of_Jawi_Authors_and_Their_Works","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3278885/A_Concise_Handlist_of_Jawi_Authors_and_Their_Works"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="3045065" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3045065/Contribution_of_Ghalib_in_Urdu_Literature">Contribution of Ghalib in Urdu Literature</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="277360" href="https://iuk-pk.academia.edu/MuhammadImtiazSubhaniPhD">Muhammad Imtiaz Subhani-PhD</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Writers’ are many but only few are most prominent and have immensely touched one’s heart with feelings of pain, pleasure, romance, hatred, aggression, welfare, security and everything happening around us. Urdu Literature is an ocean of beautiful expressions – this art has been bestowed to the famous Urdu poet of all time Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib. His times are of the mughals era, which then forced out by the Brits and then the Indian rebels in 1857(British Colonial rule). This article is a delightful appreciation on Ghalib’s contributions towards Urdu poetry and literature, while, highlighting the shimmering reflections of his philosophy in his writings.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contribution of Ghalib in Urdu Literature","attachmentId":31038574,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3045065/Contribution_of_Ghalib_in_Urdu_Literature","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3045065/Contribution_of_Ghalib_in_Urdu_Literature"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62040960,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62040960,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_62040960" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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The Annual of Urdu Studies. No.16: 405– 408. Reproduced from Seminar 2000, 494. </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59608" href="https://ibnhaldun.academia.edu/ProfIrfanAhmad">Prof. Irfan Ahmad</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ahmad, Irfan. 2001. “In Memoriam: Ali Sardar Jafri (1913-2000)”. The Annual of Urdu Studies. No.16: 405– 408. Reproduced from Seminar 2000, 494. 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