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data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="215070026"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">45</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">8</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/CarloCoppola7/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p 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University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://pacifica.academia.edu/KathrynLaFeversEvans"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Kathryn LaFevers Evans, Three Eagles" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/142669/37830/14848396/s200_kathryn_lafevers.evans_three_eagles.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://pacifica.academia.edu/KathrynLaFeversEvans">Kathryn LaFevers Evans, Three Eagles</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Pacifica Graduate Institute</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar 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Cyril and Methodius University/ Institute of Social Science and Humanities, Skopje</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://bilgi.academia.edu/NilayKaya"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Nilay Kaya" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/344336/2363958/81674111/s200_nilay.kaya.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://bilgi.academia.edu/NilayKaya">Nilay Kaya</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Istanbul Bilgi University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ucla.academia.edu/LuciaRe"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Lucia Re" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1114329/9580267/10671803/s200_lucia.re.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/LuciaRe">Lucia Re</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of California, Los Angeles</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://unina.academia.edu/ChiaraDeCaprio"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Chiara De Caprio" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = 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src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1776768/608531/29021620/s200_fernando.valerio-holgu_n.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://colostate.academia.edu/FernandoValerio">Fernando Valerio-Holguín</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Colorado State University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://upol.academia.edu/ClaudiaZavaglini"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Claudia Zavaglini" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2693578/863076/14387511/s200_claudia.zavaglini.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://upol.academia.edu/ClaudiaZavaglini">Claudia Zavaglini</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Palacky University, Olomouc</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="215070026" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elena_Ferrante"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCoppola7","location":"/CarloCoppola7","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/CarloCoppola7","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" 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data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Post-Humanism"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-0435aba8-02e0-488a-a0ab-f2365e56652a"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-0435aba8-02e0-488a-a0ab-f2365e56652a"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="215070026" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_women_writers"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Italian women writers"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-dae9f94c-9544-4921-b371-c8b31fa4fc65"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-dae9f94c-9544-4921-b371-c8b31fa4fc65"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="215070026" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_Writers"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Women Writers"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1fc21cab-2902-44c5-8b14-bd4567657b21"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1fc21cab-2902-44c5-8b14-bd4567657b21"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Carlo Coppola</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80858007"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80858007/The_River_of_Blood"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The River of Blood" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80858007/The_River_of_Blood">The River of Blood</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>World Literature Today</span><span>, 1981</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80858007"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80858007"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80858007; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80858007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80858007]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80858007; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80858007,"title":"The River of Blood","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80858007/The_River_of_Blood","owner_id":215070026,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":215070026,"first_name":"Carlo","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Coppola","page_name":"CarloCoppola7","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-02-17T14:06:00.010-08:00","display_name":"Carlo Coppola","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCoppola7"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80699788"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699788/Salman_Rushdies_The_Satanic_Verses_Some_Freudian_Aspects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: Some Freudian Aspects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86995664/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699788/Salman_Rushdies_The_Satanic_Verses_Some_Freudian_Aspects">Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: Some Freudian Aspects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>South Asian Review</span><span>, 1992</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Salman Rushdle's The Satanic Verses: Some Freudian Aspects § alman Rushdie's novel Tile Satanic V...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Salman Rushdle's The Satanic Verses: Some Freudian Aspects § alman Rushdie's novel Tile Satanic Verses (1989) is a pro lycomplex. opulently textured, and strikingly funny work of the imagination which, at its core, seriously addresses some of the most basic problems and contradictions of the human condition: issues of personal freedom and societal oppression, healthy and sick human relationships. racial prejudice, and the place of religion in one's life. This paper will treat this major novel, highly suffused with surrealistic and magical-realistic features. within the general framework of the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud; more specifically, within the context of Freud's views on religion as articulated in Tile Future as aniUusion</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e98e4c5a490f74bbee7af16d0162cd88" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86995664,"asset_id":80699788,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86995664/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80699788"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80699788"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699788; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80699787"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699787/Interview_with_Ali_Sardar_Jafri"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interview with Ali Sardar Jafri" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699787/Interview_with_Ali_Sardar_Jafri">Interview with Ali Sardar Jafri</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Urdu Studies</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ali Sardar Jafri (1913-2000) was an influential Urdu poet and critic, as well as a leading figure...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ali Sardar Jafri (1913-2000) was an influential Urdu poet and critic, as well as a leading figure in the taraqqī pasand taḥrīk (Progressive Writers’ Movement), which espouses Marxist literary sensibilities. Carlo Coppola, a pioneer in the study of modern Urdu literature, spoke to Jafri in 1968 about the historical, ideological, and aesthetic orientations of the Progressives.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80699787"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80699787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80699787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80699787]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80699787']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80699787]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80699787,"title":"Interview with Ali Sardar Jafri","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80699787/Interview_with_Ali_Sardar_Jafri","owner_id":215070026,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":215070026,"first_name":"Carlo","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Coppola","page_name":"CarloCoppola7","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-02-17T14:06:00.010-08:00","display_name":"Carlo Coppola","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCoppola7"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80699786"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699786/Miscellany_South_Asian_Literature"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Miscellany South Asian Literature" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86995663/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699786/Miscellany_South_Asian_Literature">Miscellany South Asian Literature</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of South Asian Literature</span><span>, 1974</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">perspectives cn the British, in",hke English-language novels-by J.F. Adkins; and "Experimentalism...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">perspectives cn the British, in",hke English-language novels-by J.F. Adkins; and "Experimentalism-an'd Its Impact on Punjabi ,Literature" and "Urdu Poetry. and It's Advent in English" y S.S. Dulai. Also included 'are.literaw reviews of "Igbal: Poet-Philosopher Of Pakistan" and "Gha14114-1797-1869: Volume I: Life and Letters" ,by N.'Fitch and three views of the poet Faiz'Ahmed Faiz-a personality sketch by his-Wife, comments' by himself, and, an intervieW. (3M) * * via the ERIC Document RePToductioil Service (EDRS). EDR is not esponsible for the quality of the original document. R roductions * * sn led by EDRS are tije best that can be, made from-the iginal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c0f1da2964b298bc095f5b695da90f52" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86995663,"asset_id":80699786,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86995663/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80699786"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80699786"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699786; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80699785"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699785/Some_Cultural_and_Grammatical_Aspects_of_Gender_in_Hindi_and_Urdu"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Some Cultural and Grammatical Aspects of Gender in Hindi and Urdu" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86995661/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699785/Some_Cultural_and_Grammatical_Aspects_of_Gender_in_Hindi_and_Urdu">Some Cultural and Grammatical Aspects of Gender in Hindi and Urdu</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite similarities between Hindi and Urdu and mutual intelligibility, at least on the spoken le...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite similarities between Hindi and Urdu and mutual intelligibility, at least on the spoken level, slight grammatical differences between the two languages do exist. The treatment of gender proVides an example of such differences. Explanation of the actual differences in gender usage can be based on a synchronic, linguistic level as well as on a diachronic, cultural level. First-year students learning these languages, unless well-versed in linguistics or literature, probably do not need to receive such explanations for learning purposes. Such linguistic and cultural complexities are more easily understood by second-year students who have been exposed to other exceptions in Hindi and Urdu grammar and to Indian culture in general. 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The first article consists of an interview with a leading Pakistani poet, N.M. Bashed, who. discusses modern Urdu literature. Other articles are: "Five 'Dangerous' Books "-on censorship ip East Pakistan-by P. Sarkar; "Bdluchi Language and Diterature" and "Pashto Language and Literature" by A. Bausani; "Sindhi Literature" by A. Schimmel; and "Ahmed Ali and 'TwilightAin Delhi' "-the genesis of a Pakistani novel-by D.D. Anderson. Literary selections, translated into Engl'sh, include nine poems by N.M. Rashed; three-poems by Z. 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III: The Book of Virāta; The Book of the Effort" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699770/The_Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata_III_The_Book_of_Vir%C4%81ta_The_Book_of_the_Effort">The Mahābhārata. III: The Book of Virāta; The Book of the Effort</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>World Literature Today</span><span>, 1979</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">&quot;The Mahabharata,&quot; an ancient and vast Sanskrit poem, is a remarkable collection of epi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">&quot;The Mahabharata,&quot; an ancient and vast Sanskrit poem, is a remarkable collection of epics, legends, romances, theology, and ethical and metaphysical doctrine. The core of this great work is the epic struggle between five heroic brothers, the Pandavas, and their one hundred contentious cousins for rule of the land. This is the third volume of van Buitenen&#39;s acclaimed translation of the definitive Poona edition of the text. Book 4, &quot;The Book of Virata,&quot; begins as a burlesque, but the mood soon darkens amid molestation, raids, and Arjuna&#39;s battle with the principal heroes of the enemy. Book 5, &quot;The Book of the Effort,&quot; relates the attempts of the Pandavas to negotiate the return of their patrimony. They are refused so much as a &quot;pinprick of land,&quot; and both parties finally march to battle.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80699770"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80699770"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699770; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80699770]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80699770]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699770; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80699770']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80699770]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80699770,"title":"The Mahābhārata. III: The Book of Virāta; The Book of the Effort","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80699770/The_Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata_III_The_Book_of_Vir%C4%81ta_The_Book_of_the_Effort","owner_id":215070026,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":215070026,"first_name":"Carlo","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Coppola","page_name":"CarloCoppola7","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-02-17T14:06:00.010-08:00","display_name":"Carlo Coppola","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCoppola7"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14498324" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80858007"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80858007/The_River_of_Blood"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The River of Blood" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80858007/The_River_of_Blood">The River of Blood</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>World Literature Today</span><span>, 1981</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80858007"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80858007"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80858007; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80858007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80858007]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80858007; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80858007']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80858007]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80858007,"title":"The River of Blood","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80858007/The_River_of_Blood","owner_id":215070026,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":215070026,"first_name":"Carlo","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Coppola","page_name":"CarloCoppola7","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-02-17T14:06:00.010-08:00","display_name":"Carlo Coppola","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCoppola7"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80699788"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699788/Salman_Rushdies_The_Satanic_Verses_Some_Freudian_Aspects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: Some Freudian Aspects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86995664/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699788/Salman_Rushdies_The_Satanic_Verses_Some_Freudian_Aspects">Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: Some Freudian Aspects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>South Asian Review</span><span>, 1992</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Salman Rushdle's The Satanic Verses: Some Freudian Aspects § alman Rushdie's novel Tile Satanic V...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Salman Rushdle's The Satanic Verses: Some Freudian Aspects § alman Rushdie's novel Tile Satanic Verses (1989) is a pro lycomplex. opulently textured, and strikingly funny work of the imagination which, at its core, seriously addresses some of the most basic problems and contradictions of the human condition: issues of personal freedom and societal oppression, healthy and sick human relationships. racial prejudice, and the place of religion in one's life. This paper will treat this major novel, highly suffused with surrealistic and magical-realistic features. within the general framework of the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud; more specifically, within the context of Freud's views on religion as articulated in Tile Future as aniUusion</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e98e4c5a490f74bbee7af16d0162cd88" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86995664,"asset_id":80699788,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86995664/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80699788"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80699788"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699788; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80699787"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699787/Interview_with_Ali_Sardar_Jafri"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interview with Ali Sardar Jafri" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699787/Interview_with_Ali_Sardar_Jafri">Interview with Ali Sardar Jafri</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Urdu Studies</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ali Sardar Jafri (1913-2000) was an influential Urdu poet and critic, as well as a leading figure...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ali Sardar Jafri (1913-2000) was an influential Urdu poet and critic, as well as a leading figure in the taraqqī pasand taḥrīk (Progressive Writers’ Movement), which espouses Marxist literary sensibilities. Carlo Coppola, a pioneer in the study of modern Urdu literature, spoke to Jafri in 1968 about the historical, ideological, and aesthetic orientations of the Progressives.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80699787"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80699787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80699787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80699787]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80699787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80699787']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80699787]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80699787,"title":"Interview with Ali Sardar Jafri","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80699787/Interview_with_Ali_Sardar_Jafri","owner_id":215070026,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":215070026,"first_name":"Carlo","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Coppola","page_name":"CarloCoppola7","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-02-17T14:06:00.010-08:00","display_name":"Carlo Coppola","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCoppola7"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80699786"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699786/Miscellany_South_Asian_Literature"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Miscellany South Asian Literature" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86995663/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699786/Miscellany_South_Asian_Literature">Miscellany South Asian Literature</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of South Asian Literature</span><span>, 1974</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">perspectives cn the British, in",hke English-language novels-by J.F. Adkins; and "Experimentalism...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">perspectives cn the British, in",hke English-language novels-by J.F. Adkins; and "Experimentalism-an'd Its Impact on Punjabi ,Literature" and "Urdu Poetry. and It's Advent in English" y S.S. Dulai. Also included 'are.literaw reviews of "Igbal: Poet-Philosopher Of Pakistan" and "Gha14114-1797-1869: Volume I: Life and Letters" ,by N.'Fitch and three views of the poet Faiz'Ahmed Faiz-a personality sketch by his-Wife, comments' by himself, and, an intervieW. (3M) * * via the ERIC Document RePToductioil Service (EDRS). EDR is not esponsible for the quality of the original document. 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The treatment of gender proVides an example of such differences. Explanation of the actual differences in gender usage can be based on a synchronic, linguistic level as well as on a diachronic, cultural level. First-year students learning these languages, unless well-versed in linguistics or literature, probably do not need to receive such explanations for learning purposes. Such linguistic and cultural complexities are more easily understood by second-year students who have been exposed to other exceptions in Hindi and Urdu grammar and to Indian culture in general. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80699784"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699784/MAHFIL_A_Quarterly_of_South_Asian_Literature_Spring_Summer_1971"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MAHFIL: A Quarterly of South Asian Literature, Spring-Summer 1971" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86995662/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80699784/MAHFIL_A_Quarterly_of_South_Asian_Literature_Spring_Summer_1971">MAHFIL: A Quarterly of South Asian Literature, Spring-Summer 1971</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This volume contains both literature from South Asia. and articles about South Asian literature. ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This volume contains both literature from South Asia. and articles about South Asian literature. The first article consists of an interview with a leading Pakistani poet, N.M. Bashed, who. discusses modern Urdu literature. Other articles are: "Five 'Dangerous' Books "-on censorship ip East Pakistan-by P. Sarkar; "Bdluchi Language and Diterature" and "Pashto Language and Literature" by A. Bausani; "Sindhi Literature" by A. Schimmel; and "Ahmed Ali and 'TwilightAin Delhi' "-the genesis of a Pakistani novel-by D.D. Anderson. Literary selections, translated into Engl'sh, include nine poems by N.M. Rashed; three-poems by Z. 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III: The Book of Virāta; The Book of the Effort</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>World Literature Today</span><span>, 1979</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">&quot;The Mahabharata,&quot; an ancient and vast Sanskrit poem, is a remarkable collection of epi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">&quot;The Mahabharata,&quot; an ancient and vast Sanskrit poem, is a remarkable collection of epics, legends, romances, theology, and ethical and metaphysical doctrine. The core of this great work is the epic struggle between five heroic brothers, the Pandavas, and their one hundred contentious cousins for rule of the land. 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