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西日耳曼語支 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西日耳曼語支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-北日耳曼語支" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北日耳曼語支"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 北日耳曼語支 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北日耳曼語支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-數據" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#數據"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 數據 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-數據-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書寫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書寫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 書寫 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書寫-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 共时 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-共时-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 註釋 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 參考資料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">日耳曼语族</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。140种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-140" aria-hidden="true" > 140种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Агерман бызшәақәа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Агерман бызшәақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanse_tale" title="Germaanse tale – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Germaanse tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanische_Sprachen" title="Germanische Sprachen – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Germanische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%8A_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD" title="ጀርመናዊ ቋንቋዎች – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርመናዊ ቋንቋዎች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_chermanicas" title="Luengas chermanicas – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas chermanicas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanisca_spr%C7%A3ca" title="Germanisca sprǣca – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Germanisca sprǣca" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات جرمانية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات جرمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لغات چيرمانيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغات چيرمانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_xerm%C3%A1niques" title="Llingües xermániques – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües xermániques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_dill%C9%99ri" title="German dilləri – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="German dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ژرمن دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژرمن دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanische_Sprochn" title="Germanische Sprochn – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Germanische Sprochn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Германскія мовы – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Германскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Германскія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Германскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rungkun_basa_J%C3%A8rmanik" title="Rungkun basa Jèrmanik – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rungkun basa Jèrmanik" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германски езици – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="জার্মানীয় ভাষাসমূহ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মানীয় ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_germanek" title="Yezhoù germanek – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù germanek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanski_jezici" title="Germanski jezici – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Germanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_germ%C3%A0niques" title="Llengües germàniques – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües germàniques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمانە جێرمەنییەکان – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانە جێرمەنییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Germánské jazyky – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Germánské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Germanaidd" title="Ieithoedd Germanaidd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Germanaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanske_sprog" title="Germanske sprog – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Germanske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanische_Sprachen" title="Germanische Sprachen – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Germanische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_Cermenki" title="Zıwanê Cermenki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Cermenki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Germaniske rěcy – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Germaniske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Γερμανικές γλώσσες – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germanic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cermana_lingvaro" title="Ĝermana lingvaro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝermana lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_germ%C3%A1nicas" title="Lenguas germánicas – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas germánicas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaani_keeled" title="Germaani keeled – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Germaani keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Germaniar hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های ژرمنی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های ژرمنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaaniset_kielet" title="Germaaniset kielet – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Germaaniset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaani_keeleq" title="Germaani keeleq – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Germaani keeleq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germansk_m%C3%A1l" title="Germansk mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Germansk mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_germaniques" title="Langues germaniques – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues germaniques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoues_g%C3%A8rmaniques" title="Lengoues gèrmaniques – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lengoues gèrmaniques" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaans_spriaken" title="Germaans spriaken – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Germaans spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghis_gjermanichis" title="Lenghis gjermanichis – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghis gjermanichis" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanske_talen" title="Germaanske talen – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Germaanske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_Gearm%C3%A1inice" title="Teangacha Gearmáinice – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Gearmáinice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼語族 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="日耳曼語族" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0nain_Ghearmaineach" title="Cànain Ghearmaineach – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cànain Ghearmaineach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_xerm%C3%A1nicas" title="Linguas xermánicas – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas xermánicas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جرمني زوانان – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="جرمني زوانان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengaghyn_Germaanagh" title="Çhengaghyn Germaanagh – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengaghyn Germaanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="German Ngî-chhu̍k – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="German Ngî-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות גרמאניות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות גרמאניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="जर्मैनी भाषा परिवार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मैनी भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_bhasa" title="Germanic bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Germanic bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanski_jezici" title="Germanski jezici – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Germanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Germanske rěče – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Germanske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1n_nyelvek" title="Germán nyelvek – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Germán nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գերմանական լեզուներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_germanic" title="Linguas germanic – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linguas germanic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanala_lingui" title="Germanala lingui – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germanala lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%B6nsk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Germönsk tungumál – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Germönsk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_germaniche" title="Lingue germaniche – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue germaniche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E%E6%B4%BE" title="ゲルマン語派 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲルマン語派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joermanik_languij" title="Joermanik languij – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joermanik languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გერმანიკული ენები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანიკული ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Герман тілдері – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Герман тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಜರ್ಮನಿಕ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನಿಕ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="게르만어파 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게르만어파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermanische_Sprooch" title="Jermanische Sprooch – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jermanische Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_german%C3%AE" title="Zimanên germanî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên germanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethow_germanek" title="Yethow germanek – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethow germanek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Герман тилдери – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Герман тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Germanicae" title="Linguae Germanicae – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Germanicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanesch_Sproochen" title="Germanesch Sproochen – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Germanesch Sproochen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_germanica" title="Linguas germanica – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas germanica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanse_taole" title="Germaanse taole – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Germaanse taole" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rujenedes_germaniches" title="Rujenedes germaniches – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Rujenedes germaniches" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguv_germanich" title="Lenguv germanich – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lenguv germanich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Germanų kalbos – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Germanų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanu_vol%C5%ABdys" title="Germanu volūdys – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Germanu volūdys" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2erm%C4%81%C5%86u_valodas" title="Ģermāņu valodas – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģermāņu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampam-piteny_jermanika" title="Sampam-piteny jermanika – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sampam-piteny jermanika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Tiamani" title="Take Tiamani – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Take Tiamani" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германски јазици – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="जर्मेनिक भाषासमूह – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मेनिक भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa-bahasa Jerman – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwi_%C4%A0ermani%C4%8Bi" title="Lingwi Ġermaniċi – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwi Ġermaniċi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9nguas_germ%C3%A1nicas" title="Lhénguas germánicas – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhénguas germánicas" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژرمنی زوونون – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژرمنی زوونون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaansche_Spraken" title="Germaansche Spraken – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Germaansche Spraken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanse_taelen" title="Germaanse taelen – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Germaanse taelen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanse_talen" title="Germaanse talen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Germaanse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanske språk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Germanske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanske språk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Germanske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani_lingues" title="Germani lingues – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Germani lingues" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_g%C3%A8rmannique" title="Langue gèrmannique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Langue gèrmannique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_germanicas" title="Lengas germanicas – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas germanicas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Гермайнаг æвзæгтæ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гермайнаг æвзæгтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenganan_germ%C3%A1niko" title="Lenganan germániko – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lenganan germániko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingues_germannikes" title="Lingues germannikes – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Lingues germannikes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitsche_Schprooche" title="Deitsche Schprooche – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Deitsche Schprooche" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_germa%C5%84skie" title="Języki germańskie – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki germańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_germ%C3%A0niche" title="Lenghe germàniche – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe germàniche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="جرمینی بولیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمینی بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_germ%C3%A2nicas" title="Línguas germânicas – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas germânicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirmanu_simikuna" title="Qirmanu simikuna – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qirmanu simikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_germanice" title="Limbi germanice – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi germanice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Германские языки – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Германские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Ґерманьскы языкы – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґерманьскы языкы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbas_germ%C3%A0nicas" title="Limbas germànicas – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbas germànicas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingui_girm%C3%A0nichi" title="Lingui girmànichi – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingui girmànichi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_leids" title="Germanic leids – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Germanic leids" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nala%C5%A1_gielat" title="Germánalaš gielat – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Germánalaš gielat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanski_jezici" title="Germanski jezici – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Germanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Germanic languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nske_jazyky" title="Germánske jazyky – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Germánske jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="جرمنیہ زباناں – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جرمنیہ زباناں" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanski_jeziki" title="Germanski jeziki – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Germanski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanl%C3%A2%C5%A1_kielah" title="Germaanlâš kielah – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Germaanlâš kielah" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_gjermanike" title="Gjuhët gjermanike – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët gjermanike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германски језици – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Германски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniske_Sproaken" title="Germaniske Sproaken – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Germaniske Sproaken" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Germanska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijerumaniki" title="Kijerumaniki – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kijerumaniki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="செருமானிய மொழிகள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செருமானிய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забонҳои олмонӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забонҳои олмонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มภาษาเจอร์แมนิก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาเจอร์แมนิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almani_zyvonon" title="Almani zyvonon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Almani zyvonon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_tok_Siamanik" title="Ol tok Siamanik – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ol tok Siamanik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cermen_dilleri" title="Cermen dilleri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cermen dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Германські мови – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Германські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="جرمن زبانیں – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمن زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_tillari" title="German tillari – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="German tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_t%E1%BB%99c_German" title="Ngữ tộc German – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ tộc German" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaansche_toaln" title="Germaansche toaln – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Germaansche toaln" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日耳曼语族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%A8d%C3%A8_on%C3%ADj%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Àwọn èdè oníjẹ́mánì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn èdè oníjẹ́mánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaonse_taelen" title="Germaonse taelen – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Germaonse taelen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_g%C3%AD-cho%CC%8Dk" title="German gí-cho̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="German gí-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" 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class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lawngreen;">日耳曼语族</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;">使用族群</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;">地理分佈</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">北部、西部、中部<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格魯美洲">盎格魯美洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a>、南部<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">谱系学分类</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li>日耳曼语族</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;">原始語言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;">分支</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="東日耳曼語支">東日耳曼語支</a>（滅絕）</div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="北日耳曼語支">北日耳曼語支</a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>使用者 人數</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">約5.59億</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lawngreen;;">语言代码</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">5</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><samp><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/gem" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:gem">gem</a></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">–</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:Germanic_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Germanic_languages.svg/300px-Germanic_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Germanic_languages.svg/450px-Germanic_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Germanic_languages.svg/600px-Germanic_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="531" /></a> <div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  日耳曼語言為大多數人口<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>的國家及地區</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  日耳曼語言為官方语言但非首要语言的國家及地區</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  日耳曼語言為非官方語言但在部分區域少數人使用的國家及地區</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 日耳曼語族（英語：Germanic languages）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a>下列的一個語言分支，現時全球有5.15億人以各日耳曼語爲母語<a href="#cite_note-2">[nb 1]</a>，主要分佈於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="南部非洲">非洲南部</a>。該語支分佈最廣泛的語言是英語，爲全球20億人所使用（L1及L2）。所有的日耳曼語言都來自<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵器時代">鐵器時代</a>時期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%8D%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯堪的納維亞">斯堪的納維亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a>。該語族下有兩個現存分支：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="北日耳曼語支">北日耳曼語支</a>。 西支最主要的語言爲： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>：3.6至4億的母語<a href="#cite_note-NE100-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[nb 2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>：超過1億母語人口<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：2,400萬母語人口；</li></ul> 其他規模較大的西支語言還有： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非語">南非荷蘭語</a>：710萬母語者；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="低地德語">低地德語</a>：30萬母語，及670至700萬人口能夠理解<a href="#cite_note-Gechattet_wird_auf_Plattdeusch2-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ndsethnologue2-7">[5]</a>，當中500萬位於德國<a href="#cite_note-Gechattet_wird_auf_Plattdeusch-8">[6]</a>及170萬位於荷蘭<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="意地绪语">意地緒語</a>：二戰前爲1,700萬歐洲猶太人所用<a href="#cite_note-yivo-yiddish-10">[8]</a>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a>：130萬使用人口；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="林堡語">林堡語</a>：在荷蘭、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>及德國三國邊界附近共有130萬使用人口；</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗利斯蘭語（页面不存在）">西弗利斯蘭語</a>：在德國及荷蘭有50萬使用人口。</li></ul> 而最主要的北日耳曼語言爲<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥語">丹麥語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="挪威語">挪威語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>，該三語能夠高度互通，並且有2,000萬左右的母語人口以及500萬第二語言人口。但是中世紀開始，北支語言就受屬於西支的低地德語影響極深。根據不同的研究，北支諸語有30%至60%的詞彙來自低地德語。其他北支語言還有<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島語">冰島語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法羅語">法羅語</a>，兩種語言都相當傳統，並且受低地德語影響很少，但卻正因此點而於其他姊妹語言不能保持互通，其文法亦明顯被他者更複雜。<a href="#cite_note-Holmberg-11">[9]</a> 而東日耳曼語支的語言則主要有<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥特語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪達爾語</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勃艮第日耳曼語（页面不存在）">勃艮第日耳曼語</a>，但該語支的語言已經全部消亡。最遲滅絕的是18世紀晚期之前在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克里米亞">克里米亞</a>部分封閉地區使用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亞哥特語</a>。<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> 根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="民族語">民族語</a>，日耳曼語族一共有48種語言，其他41種爲西支，另外6種爲北支。而巴西的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漢斯立克語（页面不存在）">漢斯立克語</a>則沒有被分類爲任何一個大分支，不過該語多數時候還是被語言學家認定爲德語的一種方言。<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a>對於歷史上究竟有多少人曾經（及正在）使用日耳曼語，學界往往難下定論——該語族一些子語言（尤其是東日耳曼語）很多在民族大遷徙時期滅亡。但是亦有一些西支子語言在該時期滅絕，當中最爲人所知的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AA%9E" title="倫巴底語">倫巴第語</a>。第二次世界大戰之後，由於德國領土縮小及<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E5%AF%B9%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%A9%B1%E9%80%90" title="第二次世界大战战后对德意志人的驱逐">對德意志人口的驅逐</a>，很多德語方言消亡。21世紀之後，由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a>的推廣<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a>，倖存的德語方言亦陷入衰退<a href="#cite_note-15">[nb 3]</a>。 所有日耳曼語族語言的共同祖先是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a>，亦稱共同日耳曼語。該語在公元前第一個千禧年中期的石器時期斯堪的納維亞就已有人使用。原始日耳曼語及其子語言有很多獨有的語言特徵，當中最著名的要數<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="格林定律">格林定律</a>下的輔音變化。隨着公元前2世紀日耳曼部落開始從北歐南遷至今天的德國北部和丹麥南部，日耳曼人邁上了人類歷史舞臺。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="現代世界中的地位">現代世界中的地位</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：現代世界中的地位">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：西日耳曼語支">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英語</a>是全球55個主權國家及另外27個地區的官方語言（詳見<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英语国家和地区列表">英語國家和地區列表</a>），多數爲英國在非洲、亞洲、大洋洲的前殖民地。英語同時亦是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亞</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美國</a>的實際官方語言。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C" title="尼加拉瓜">尼加拉瓜</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">馬來西亞</a>，英語享有政府承認的工作語言地位。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="美国英语">美國英語</a>是西支諸語中擁有最多母語人口的語言。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦士登</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>的官方語言，並且在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="納米比亞">納米比亞</a>享有地區語言地位。在北美洲、南美洲、中美洲、墨西哥和澳大利亞，依然有部分移民使用德語。在美國，一種德語方言<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="賓夕法尼亞德語">賓夕法尼亞德語</a>，至今仍有人使用。 <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭王國">荷蘭王國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%97" title="蘇利南">蘇里南</a>和比利時的官方語言<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a>。雖然荷蘭曾經殖民過<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亞</a>，但荷蘭語在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼獨立">印尼獨立</a>後便在該國銷聲匿跡，目前亦只有一些老年人或受過傳統殖民教育的人士使用。在1984年以前，荷蘭語一直是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>的官方語言，但後被<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非語">南非荷蘭語</a>所取代，後者目前是南非11種官方語言之一，並且是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="納米比亞">納米比亞</a>的通用語。在其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="南部非洲">非洲南部</a>國家，亦有不少人使用南非荷蘭語。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="低地德語">低地德語</a>是一系列差異巨大方言集合體，主要流行於荷蘭的東北部及德國的北部。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a>流通於蘇格蘭低地部分和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%9C%81" title="阿爾斯特省">阿爾斯特省</a>部分區域，後者通常亦稱<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="阿爾斯特蘇格蘭語">阿爾斯特蘇格蘭語</a>。<a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里斯兰语">菲士蘭語</a>有大約50萬人使用，主要位於北海的南部海岸。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡語">盧森堡語</a>是一種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%BE%A4%E6%B2%B3%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫澤河法蘭克語（页面不存在）">莫澤河法蘭克語</a>，是盧森堡的國語及官方語言之一。<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="意地绪语">意地緒語</a>曾經是1,100萬至1,300萬人的母語，但是現在已經只有150萬人使用，並分佈於北美洲、歐洲、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>等地的猶太人社區。<a href="#cite_note-yivo-yiddish2-20">[17]</a> 林堡語則主要在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1" title="林堡">林堡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵蘭">萊茵蘭</a>地區有人使用。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北日耳曼語支">北日耳曼語支</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：北日耳曼語支">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬蘭</a>的官方語言，後者存在着大量的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E6%97%8F" title="芬蘭瑞典族">芬蘭瑞典族</a>（主要分佈在該國的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%BA%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="芬兰语不为单一官方语言的芬兰市镇列表">西、南海岸</a>），並且在芬蘭自治區<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0" title="奥兰">奧蘭群島</a>，瑞典語還享有唯一官方語言地位。<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">愛沙尼亞</a>亦有一些人使用瑞典語。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麥語</a>是丹麥及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法羅群島</a>（屬丹麥的海外部分）的官方語言，同時亦是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰">格陵蘭島</a>的教學用語及通用語，丹麥語在2009年之前，亦一直是該島的官方語言之一。德國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%8B%92%E8%8B%8F%E7%9B%8A%E6%A0%BC-%E8%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0" title="石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因">石勒蘇益格-荷爾斯泰因</a>亦有一些丹麥少數民族，該地區亦承認丹麥語的少數語言地位。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="挪威语">挪威語</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>的官方語言，同時亦是挪威一些海外領土的官方語言，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="斯瓦尔巴">冷岸群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6" title="揚馬延">揚馬延</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="鮑威特島">鮑威特島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%B2%9B" title="彼得一世岛">彼得一世岛</a>等。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰島語</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰島</a>的官方語言。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法羅語</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法羅群島</a>的官方語言，在丹麥亦有一些人使用。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="數據">數據</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：數據">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:DarkBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1766.5028990207px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:Cyan"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Cyan"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Cyan"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 410.83968437177px; border-left-color:DarkRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkRed"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 321.4582078634px; border-left-color:OrangeRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:OrangeRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:OrangeRed"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 243.58297171766px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 125.62719357843px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:94.909614499029px 31.49865196553px 0 0; border-top-color:LightYellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightYellow"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> 日耳曼語言的母語使用者餅狀圖：<a href="#cite_note-21">[nb 4]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  英語（69.9%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  德語（19.4%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  荷蘭語（4.5%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  南非荷蘭語（1.4%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  其他德語變種（1%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  瑞典語（1.8%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  丹麥語（1.1%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  挪威語（1%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  其他日耳曼語（0.1%）</div> </div> </div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em"> <tbody><tr> <th>語言 </th> <th>母語使用者<a href="#cite_note-22">[nb 5]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a> (English) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">3.6億至4億<a href="#cite_note-NE1002-23">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a> (Deutsch) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">1億<a href="#cite_note-24">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[nb 6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a> (Nederlands) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">2,400萬<a href="#cite_note-taalgebied-26">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> (Svenska) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">1,110萬<a href="#cite_note-NE-27">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非語">南非荷蘭語</a> (Afrikaans) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">710萬<a href="#cite_note-cib11-28">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥語">丹麥語</a> (Dansk) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">550萬<a href="#cite_note-29">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="挪威語">挪威語</a> (Norsk) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">530萬<a href="#cite_note-30">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意地緒語</a> (ייִדיש) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">150萬<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2005-31">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a> (Scots) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">150萬<a href="#cite_note-32">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="林堡語">林堡語</a> (Lèmburgs) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">130萬<a href="#cite_note-33">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="菲士蘭語">菲士蘭語</a> (Frysk/Noordfreesk/Seeltersk) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">50萬<a href="#cite_note-34">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡語">盧森堡語</a> (Lëtzebuergesch) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">40萬<a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="低地德語">低地德語</a> (Platt/Neddersassch/Leegsaksies) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">30萬<a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島語">冰島語</a> (Íslenska) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">30萬<a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法羅語">法羅語</a> (Føroyskt) </th> <td style="text-align: right;">7萬<a href="#cite_note-38">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>其余的日耳曼语及其變種 </th> <td style="text-align: right;">1萬<a href="#cite_note-39">[nb 7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>總數 </th> <td style="text-align: right;">5.15億<a href="#cite_note-40">[nb 8]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Germanic_tribes_(750BC-1AD).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/200px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/300px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/400px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>日耳曼部落在公元前750年至公元前1世紀的分佈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  公元前750年的分佈</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  公元前500年的分佈</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  公元前250年的分佈</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  公元1世紀的分佈</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_norse,_ca_900.PNG"><img resource="/wiki/File:Old_norse,_ca_900.PNG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Old_norse%2C_ca_900.PNG/220px-Old_norse%2C_ca_900.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Old_norse%2C_ca_900.PNG/330px-Old_norse%2C_ca_900.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Old_norse%2C_ca_900.PNG/440px-Old_norse%2C_ca_900.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>10世紀早期日耳曼語言的分佈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E8%A5%BF%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古西諾斯語（页面不存在）">古西諾斯語</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%9D%B1%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古東諾斯語（页面不存在）">古東諾斯語</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古哥特蘭語（页面不存在）">古哥特蘭語</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古英語">古英語</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  大陸西日耳曼語支 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里斯蘭語（页面不存在）">古弗里斯蘭語</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" title="古撒克遜語">古撒克遜語</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古荷蘭語</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德語</a>).</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亞哥特語</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="東日耳曼語支">東日耳曼語支</a>)</div></figcaption></figure> 該語支所有語言都來自假想的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a>，其下屬語都經歷了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="格林定律">格林定律</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="維爾納定律">維爾納定律</a>下的音素變化，並且其與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E" title="原始印歐語">原始印歐語</a>的分化可能發生在公元前500年左右的鐵器時期北歐。 之後原始日耳曼語就出現了北支、西支和東支三個分支，但是由於遺留現世的文獻稀少，因此學界亦很難定義這三個分支的關係。 西支的分化可能出現<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jastorf_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jastorf culture（页面不存在）">亚斯托夫文化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jastorf_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Jastorf culture">Jastorf culture</a>）晚期，東支則在公元1世紀左右從<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6" title="哥得蘭島">哥得蘭島</a>分化，最後瑞典南部則成爲北支的發源地。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="盧恩字母">盧因字母</a>的早期階段（公元2世紀至4世紀），各語言可能仍處於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">共同日耳曼語</a>時期。 目前保存最早的連貫日耳曼文獻，是公元4世紀時期由<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E8%8F%B2%E6%8B%89" title="烏爾菲拉">烏爾菲拉</a>翻譯的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84" title="新約">新約</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥特語</a>譯本。西日耳曼語的早期文獻有：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法蘭克語</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古荷蘭語</a>的盧因文記錄（公元5世紀）；<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德語</a>在6世紀的零星句子和單詞，並且在9世紀出現了連貫的文獻；<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英語</a>在650年代出現了最早的文獻記錄，而連貫的書面記錄則出現在10世紀。而北日耳曼語支則僅出現在零星的盧因文獻記錄中，並且在公元800年左右從<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始斯諾語</a>演變爲<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古斯諾語</a>。 更長的盧因字母文獻可以追溯至公元8世紀到9世紀（參見英語條目<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eggjum_stone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eggjum stone（页面不存在）">Eggjum stone</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggjum_stone" class="extiw" title="en:Eggjum stone">Eggjum stone</a>） 和 <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%B6k_runestone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rök runestone（页面不存在）">Rök runestone</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6k_runestone" class="extiw" title="en:Rök runestone">Rök runestone</a>）），而拉丁字母書面文獻則可追溯至12世紀。 大概在公元10世紀，各分支之間的差異已經大到再亦不能互通。有懷疑指出，隨着<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="盎格魯-撒克遜人">盎格盧-撒克遜人</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="維京人">維京人</a>的語言接觸，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英語</a>的語法架構亦因此崩塌，最終演化爲<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英語</a>。 東日耳曼語支在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" title="民族大遷徙">民族大遷移</a>之後就處於邊緣地位。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮第人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="哥特人">哥特人</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="汪达尔人">汪達爾人</a>亦紛紛於7世紀在語言上被其緊鄰民族所同化，僅存的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亞哥特語</a>亦於18世紀滅絕。 在中世紀早期，歐洲大陸<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="高地德語子音推移">高地德語子音推移</a>發生，並且產生了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上部德語">上部德語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德語</a>，而偏居島嶼的中古英語則開始了其獨立的發展道路。直至現代早期，德語內部已經分裂爲諸多方言，尤其是北面的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北下萨克森语（页面不存在）">北下薩克森語</a>和南面的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿勒曼尼語">阿勒曼尼語</a>，雖仍被認爲是德語的方言，但是兩者已經不能互通。南端的德語方言甚至發生了第二次音素推移，而北部的其他方言則沒受影響。 北日耳曼語支則在公元11世紀之後都仍能保持互通，這種互通甚至一直保留到今天。北支內部主要的分支是位於大陸的東斯堪的納維亞語支和位於島嶼的西斯堪的納維亞語支。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="書寫">書寫</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：書寫">编辑</a>]</div> 一些早期（約公元2世紀）的日耳曼語言發展出自己的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="盧恩字母">盧恩字母</a>（runic alphabet，北歐文字），但這些文字相對來說運用並不廣泛。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="東日耳曼語支">東日耳曼語支</a>使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="哥特字母">哥特字母</a>，由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E6%96%90%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏斐拉主教（页面不存在）">烏斐拉主教</a>將<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>譯為<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="哥特語">哥特語</a>時發展創立。其後，因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>神甫與僧侶既講日耳曼語，也能夠讀說<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>，所以開始用稍加修飾的拉丁字母來書寫日耳曼語言。 除去標準拉丁字母，各種日耳曼語言也使用一些標音符號和其他字母。其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="日耳曼語元音變音">元音變音</a>（umlaut）、<a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a> （Eszett）、 <a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a>、<a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a>、<a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a>、<a href="/wiki/%C3%90" title="Ð">Ð</a>、<a href="/wiki/%C8%9C" title="Ȝ">Ȝ</a>和從如尼文中繼承下來的<a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" title="Þ">Þ</a>及<a href="/wiki/%C7%B7" title="Ƿ">Ƿ</a>。傳統的印刷體德語經常用黑體字。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="語言特徵">語言特徵</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：語言特徵">编辑</a>]</div> 日耳曼語族一些最明顯的特徵是： <ol><li>遵循<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="格林定律">格林定律</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="維爾納定律">維爾納定律</a>的輔音演變，例如原始的 */t d dʰ/ 在多數日耳曼語中演變爲 */θ t d/ ；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="重音">重音</a>轉移到詞語的第一個音節（或詞根）上，導致大量的音節脫落。儘管英語的重音位置並不規則，但本語詞源的單詞重音經常是固定的，無論附加什麼詞綴。有人爭論這點是最重要的變化。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="日耳曼語元音變音">日耳曼語元音變音</a>；</li> <li>出現了大量的元音。多數英語方言都有11-12個元音（不包雙元音），標準瑞典語有17個單元音<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWangDingTaoLi2012657-41">[33]</a>，標準德語和荷蘭語有14個，丹麥語則至少有11個<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøllJacobsen2003-42">[34]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利-巴伐利亚语">巴伐利亞語</a>的阿姆施泰滕方言甚至就長元音就已經有13個，使其成爲世界上擁有最多元音的語言之一。<a href="#cite_note-43">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%A0%86%E4%BD%8D" title="動詞第二順位">動詞第二順位</a>現象；</li></ol> 其他一些重要的特徵有： <ol><li>將<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a>的時態體系削減為過去時與現在時（或一般時）。</li> <li>附加<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒音">齒音</a>後綴（/d/或/t/）來表示過去時態，而不用<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B" title="元音變換">元音變換</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐元音變換">印歐元音變換</a>）。導致有兩種動詞變位：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%BC%B1%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼語弱變化動詞（页面不存在）">規則變位</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_weak_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic weak verb">Germanic_weak_verb</a>）/弱變位（附加齒音後綴）與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E8%AE%8A%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="不規則變位">不規則變位</a>/強變位（元音交替）。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>共有161個不規則動詞/強動詞，都屬於英語本語辭源。</li> <li>使用強<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="形容词">形容詞</a>與弱形容詞。近代英語的形容詞一般不改變，除非用在比較級或最高級上。古英語中不同，依據前面是否有冠詞或指示代詞來變化形容詞。</li> <li>有一些詞的詞源與其他印歐語言很難產生聯繫，但這些詞的變形體卻岀現在幾乎所有日耳曼語言中。</li></ol> 需要注意的是，部分上述特徵並沒有出現在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a>中： <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="日耳曼語元音變音">日耳曼語元音變音</a>僅僅出現在西支和北支語言，在原始日耳曼語和東支則沒有出現。</li> <li>大量的元音是在後期才出現，原始日耳曼語僅有5個元音音位。</li> <li>原始日耳曼語更有可能是主-賓-謂語序。動詞第二順位是在後期才出現。</li></ol> 但總言之，各日耳曼語的發展亦有保守和激進之分。例如冰島語和德語依然保留着複雜的屈折變化，而英語、瑞典語和南非荷蘭語則向<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%AD" title="分析语">分析語</a>方向發展。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发展">发展</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：发展">编辑</a>]</div> 一般認為所有的日耳曼語言都是從一個假設的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a>發展而來。請注意，日耳曼語族下的分類很難準確定義；大多數都有漸變群的性質，鄰近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>互相能夠交流，距離較遠的則不能。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="历时"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%97%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="历时">历时</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：历时">编辑</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前罗马铁器时代（页面不存在）">前罗马铁器时代</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="extiw" title="en:Pre-Roman Iron Age">Pre-Roman Iron Age</a>） 前500年–前100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马铁器时代">罗马铁器时代</a>早期 前100年–100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马铁器时代">罗马铁器时代</a>晚期 100年–300年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲民族大迁徙">迁徙时期</a> 300年–600年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世纪前期</a> 600年–1100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a> 1100–1350年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%90%8E%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪后期">中世纪后期</a><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-2-44">[a]</a> 1350年–1500年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="近世">近代早期</a> 1500年–1700年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="现代史">现代</a> 1700年至今 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="22" style="background: #ccc"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%BA%E5%86%85%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="厄尔米诺内人">厄尔米诺内语</a> （易北河日耳曼语） </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2">原始高地德语 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #cc5"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德语</a>、 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AF%AD_(%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伦巴底语 (早期)（页面不存在）">伦巴底语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Lombardic language">Lombardic language</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-1-45">[b]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ab5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古高地德語</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background: #9a5"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期现代高地德语（页面不存在）">早期现代高地德语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_New_High_German" class="extiw" title="en:Early New High German">Early New High German</a>） </td> <td style="background: #895"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="高地德语">高地德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #995"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="标准德语">标准德语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%E5%86%85%E4%BA%BA" title="伊斯特沃内人">伊斯特沃内语</a> （威悉-莱茵日耳曼语） </td> <td rowspan="5">原始法兰克语 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background: #ec7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法兰克语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #dc7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #cb6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background: #ba5"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期现代高地德语（页面不存在）">早期现代中部德语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_New_High_German" class="extiw" title="en:Early New High German">Early New High German</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #a95"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #db6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古低地法兰克语</a> （古荷兰语） </td> <td style="background: #ca5">早期林堡语 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #ca5">晚期林堡语 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c95">早期<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c95"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ea8">早期 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ea8">晚期 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #d98"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">早期 现代荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #d98"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #e99"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南非语">南非语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%83%E5%86%85%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="因格沃内语">因格沃内语</a> （北海日耳曼语） </td> <td colspan="2">原始撒克逊语 （东南因格沃内语） </td> <td style="background: #d9b"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="古撒克逊语">古撒克逊语</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #c8a"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪低地德语">中古低地德语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b79"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格鲁-弗里西语组">盎格鲁-弗里西语</a> （西北因格沃内语） </td> <td>原始弗里西语 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #d8d"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里西语（页面不存在）">古弗里西语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Frisian">Old Frisian</a>） </td> <td style="background: #c7c"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古弗里西语（页面不存在）">中古弗里西语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Frisian">Middle Frisian</a>） </td> <td style="background: #b6b"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弗里西语">弗里西语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">原始英语 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #e9f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a> （盎格鲁-撒克逊） </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #d8f"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">早期 中古英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c7f">晚期 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b6f"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b6f"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #d7e"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">早期苏格兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Early Scots">Early Scots</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-3-50">[c]</a> </td> <td style="background: #e6e"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">中古苏格兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Scots">Middle Scots</a>） </td> <td style="background: #e6e"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="低地苏格兰语">苏格兰语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="8" colspan="2" style="background: #aae"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #b9f">卢恩 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E#地域分布" title="古諾斯語">古西诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b3f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古冰岛语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b39">晚期 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古冰岛语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #b59"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰岛语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #97f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古挪威语</a><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-6-51">[d]</a> </td> <td style="background: #a3a">古<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #b6a"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #94b">古<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">诺恩语</a> </td> <td style="background: #95a"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">诺恩语</a> </td> <td>灭绝<a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-4-52">[e]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #99f">卢恩 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E#地域分布" title="古諾斯語">古东诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td style="background: #76d"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">中古挪威语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #85b"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="挪威语">挪威语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #87f">早期 古<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td> <td style="background: #87d">晚期 古<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #76b"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #77f">早期 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古瑞典语（页面不存在）">古瑞典语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Swedish" class="extiw" title="en:Old Swedish">Old Swedish</a>） </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #78d">晚期 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古瑞典语（页面不存在）">古瑞典语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Swedish" class="extiw" title="en:Old Swedish">Old Swedish</a>） </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #67b"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #58b"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达拉纳方言（页面不存在）">达拉纳方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalecarlian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Dalecarlian dialects">Dalecarlian dialects</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8dd">卢恩 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #7cd">早期 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #5cd">晚期 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #5ac"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="哥特蘭語">哥得兰语</a><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-5-53">[f]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #9fb"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥特语</a> </td> <td colspan="2">（未证实哥特语方言） </td> <td style="background: #8da"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亚哥特语</a> </td> <td>灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #af9"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪达尔语</a> </td> <td colspan="5">灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #cf7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮第语</a> </td> <td colspan="5">灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" align="left" style="font-size:small"> <dl><dt>註解</dt></dl> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-2-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-2_44-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%90%8E%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪后期">中世纪后期</a>指<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85" title="黑死病">黑死病</a>时期之后。黑死病对当时挪威语言状况的影响尤甚。 </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-1-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-1_45-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AA%9E" title="倫巴底語">伦巴底语</a>的谱系学界分类存在争议。其亦被归类为同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="古撒克逊语">古撒克逊语</a>相近。 </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-3-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-3_50-0">^</a> 自早期北部中古英语产生<a href="#cite_note-46">[i]</a>。麦克鲁尔认为应为诺森布里亚古英语<a href="#cite_note-47">[ii]</a>。《牛津简明英语语言词典》（第894页）中称苏格兰语的“来源”为“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="伯尼西亚王国">伯尼西亚王国</a>的古英语”和“12至13世纪来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="北英格蘭">北英格兰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="英格兰中部地区">英格兰中部</a>移民受到斯堪的纳维亚影响的英语”。“早期-中古-现代苏格兰语”的阶段划分在《简明苏格兰语词典》<a href="#cite_note-48">[iii]</a>及《古苏格兰语辞典》<a href="#cite_note-49">[iv]</a>中得到使用。 </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-6-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-6_51-0">^</a> 大陆古挪威语为介于古西诺尔斯语和古东诺尔斯语之间的方言。 </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-4-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-4_52-0">^</a> 诺恩语的使用者为现代苏格兰语所同化（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%9B%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岛低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">海岛苏格兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Insular Scots">Insular Scots</a>））。 </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-5-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-5_53-0">^</a> 现代哥得兰语（Gutamål）为古哥得兰语（Gutniska）的直系继承，现已成为标准瑞典语的哥得兰岛方言（Gotländska）。 </li> </ol> </div> <dl><dt>參考資料</dt></dl> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-roman;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Aitken, A. J. and McArthur, T. Eds. (1979) Languages of Scotland. Edinburgh,Chambers. p. 87 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> McClure (1991) in The Cambridge History of the English Language Vol. 5. p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Robinson M. (ed.) (1985) the "Concise Scots Dictionary, Chambers, Edinburgh. p. xiii </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Dareau M., Pike l. and Watson, H (eds) (2002) "A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue" Vol. XII, Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/SCOTSHIST/output4.php?file=NEW-Revised1Introduction.htm">p. xxxiv</a> </li> </ol> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="共时"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%97%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="共时">共时</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：共时">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG/240px-Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG" decoding="async" width="240" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG/360px-Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG/480px-Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>歐洲的日耳曼語 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  荷蘭語</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  低地德語</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  中部德語</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  高地德語</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  盎格鲁語</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  弗里西語</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  東斯堪的纳维亚语</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  西斯堪的纳维亚语</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  北日耳曼語和西日耳曼語分界線</div> </figcaption></figure> 以下分支图基于 Ethnologue 的分类<a href="#cite_note-54">[36]</a>。 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r62996521">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:70%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日耳曼语族</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="北日耳曼語支">北日耳曼語支</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">東（大陸）北歐語 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E8%BE%BE%E4%BC%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾尔夫达伦语（页面不存在）">艾尔夫达伦语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96vdalian" class="extiw" title="en:Övdalian">Övdalian</a>） Övdalian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ovd">ovd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">丹麦‑瑞典 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="挪威語">挪威語</a> Norwegian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nor">nor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥語">丹麥語</a> Danish <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dan">dan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> Swedish <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swe">swe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">Danish‑Swedish </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">East Scandinavian </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">西（島嶼）北歐語 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法羅語">法羅語</a> Faroese <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fao">fao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島語">冰島語</a> Icelandic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=isl">isl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">諾恩語</a> Norn <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nrn">nrn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">West Scandinavian </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">North </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">英语 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a> English <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=eng">eng</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a> Scots <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sco">sco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="约拉语">约拉语</a> Yola <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yol">yol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">English </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里斯兰语">弗里斯兰语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="西弗里斯兰语">西弗里斯兰語</a> Frisian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fry">fry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="北弗里斯兰语">北弗里斯兰语</a> Frisian, Northern <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=frr">frr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语">萨特弗里斯兰语</a> Saterfriesisch <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=stq">stq</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">Frisian </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="高地德语">高地德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪斯吕克语（巴西）（页面不存在）">洪斯吕克语（巴西）</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsrik" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrik">Hunsrik</a>） Hunsrik <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hrx">hrx</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东中部德语">东中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a> German, Standard <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=deu">deu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上薩克森德語">上薩克森德語</a> Saxon, Upper <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sxu">sxu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="西里西亞語">西里西亚语 (德语方言)</a> Silesian, Lower <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sli">sli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E7%B6%AD%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="維拉莫維安語">維拉莫維安語</a> Wymysorys <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wym">wym</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">East Middle German </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西中部德语">西中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="賓夕法尼亞德語">賓夕法尼亞德語</a> German, Pennsylvania <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pdc">pdc</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="普法尔茨方言">普法尔茨方言</a> Palatinate Franconian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pfl">pfl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="科隆語">科隆語</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="利普里安語">利普里安語</a> Ripuarian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ksh">ksh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">摩泽尔‑法兰克尼亚 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡語">盧森堡語</a> Luxembourgish <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ltz">ltz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">Moselle Franconian </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">West Middle German </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">Middle German </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上部德語">上部德語</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东法兰克尼亚语（页面不存在）">东法兰克尼亚语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Franconian_German" class="extiw" title="en:East Franconian German">East Franconian German</a>） Eastern Franconian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vmf">vmf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒曼尼语">阿勒曼尼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%98%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科洛尼亚托瓦尔方言（页面不存在）">科洛尼亚托瓦尔方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_Tovar_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Colonia Tovar dialect">Colonia Tovar dialect</a>） German, Colonia Tovar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gct">gct</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="瑞士德语">瑞士德语</a> German, Swiss <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gsw">gsw</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯瓦比亞語（页面不存在）">斯瓦比亞語</a> Swabian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swg">swg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%91%9F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦爾瑟語（页面不存在）">瓦爾瑟語</a> Walser <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wae">wae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">Alemannic </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利-巴伐利亚语">奥地利-巴伐利亚语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利-巴伐利亚语">巴伐利亚语</a> Bavarian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bar">bar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="辛布里語">辛布里語</a> Cimbrian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cim">cim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E6%B4%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡特尔派德语（页面不存在）">胡特尔派德语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutterite_German" class="extiw" title="en:Hutterite German">Hutterite German</a>） Hutterisch <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=geh">geh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E5%88%87%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩切诺语（页面不存在）">摩切诺语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2cheno_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mòcheno language">Mòcheno language</a>） Mócheno <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mhn">mhn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">Bavarian‑Austrian </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">Upper German </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">German </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="意第绪语">意第绪语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> 东意第绪语 Yiddish, Eastern <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ydd">ydd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> 西意第绪语 Yiddish, Western <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yih">yih</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">Yiddish </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">High German </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">低地法兰克‑低地萨克森 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="低地法兰克语">低地法兰克语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非語">南非語</a> Afrikaans <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=afr">afr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a> Dutch <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nld">nld</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="林堡語">林堡語</a> Limburgish <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lim">lim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="弗拉芒语">弗拉芒语</a> West Flemish <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vls">vls</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西蘭語">西蘭語</a> Zeeuws <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zea">zea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">Low Franconian </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">低地萨克森语 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r62996521"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Achterhoeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achterhoeks（页面不存在）">Achterhoeks</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achterhooks" class="extiw" title="en:Achterhooks">Achterhooks</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=act">act</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drents（页面不存在）">Drents</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A8ents_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Drèents dialects">Drèents dialects</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=drt">drt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="格羅寧根方言">格羅寧根方言</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gos">gos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">門諾低地德語</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pdt">pdt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallands（页面不存在）">Sallands</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallaans_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Sallaans dialect">Sallaans dialect</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sdz">sdz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%8E%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東弗里西低萨克森语（页面不存在）">東弗里西低萨克森语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Frisian_Low_Saxon" class="extiw" title="en:East Frisian Low Saxon">East Frisian Low Saxon</a>） Saxon, East Frisian Low <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=frs">frs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语</a> Saxon, Low <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nds">nds</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellingwerfs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellingwerfs（页面不存在）">Stellingwerfs</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellingwarfs_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Stellingwarfs dialect">Stellingwarfs dialect</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=stl">stl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Twents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twents（页面不存在）">Twents</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweants_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Tweants dialect">Tweants dialect</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=twd">twd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veluws&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veluws（页面不存在）">Veluws</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veluws_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Veluws dialect">Veluws dialect</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vel">vel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="威斯特法伦方言">威斯特法伦方言</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wep">wep</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">Low Saxon </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">Low Saxon‑Low Franconian </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">West </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">Germanic </td></tr></tbody></table> 在這裡列岀的，僅有最主要與最不尋常的方言，下方的鏈接中會有更廣泛的語言系譜。比如，下方的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="低地撒克逊语">低地撒克遜語</a>中還有很多其他方言，不僅僅是列岀的標準低地撒克遜語和門諾低地德語。 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="高地德語">高地德語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德語</a>（Old High German）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=goh">goh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法蘭克語</a>（Old Frankish）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=frk">frk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东中部德语">東中部德語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=deu">deu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低地西里西亞語（页面不存在）">低地西里西亞語</a>（Lower Silesian German）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sli">sli</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="上撒克逊语">上撒克遜語</a>（Upper Saxon German）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sxu">sxu</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西中部德语">西中部德語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡語">盧森堡語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ltz">ltz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="法兰克语">法蘭克語</a>（Mainfränkisch）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vmf">vmf</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%97%E4%B8%81%E5%A5%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴列丁奈特德語（页面不存在）">巴列丁奈特德語</a> （Pfaelzisch）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pfl">pfl</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="林堡語">林堡語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lim">lim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%96%BD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庫爾施語（页面不存在）">庫爾施語</a>（Kölsch）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ksh">ksh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="賓夕法尼亞德語">賓夕法尼亞德語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pdc">pdc</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上德語">上德語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倫巴底日耳曼語（页面不存在）">倫巴底日耳曼語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lng">lng</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿勒曼尼語">阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯瓦比亞語（页面不存在）">斯瓦比亞語</a>（Swabian German）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swg">swg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿勒曼尼殖民語（页面不存在）">阿勒曼尼殖民語</a>（German, Colonia Tovar，在委內瑞拉）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gct">gct</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="瑞士德语">瑞士德語</a>（Schwyzerdütsch）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gsw">gsw</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%91%9F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦爾瑟語（页面不存在）">瓦爾瑟語</a>（Walser）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wae">wae</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利-巴伐利亞語">奧地利-巴伐利亞語</a>（Austro-Bavarian） <ul><li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/481px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png" decoding="async" width="481" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/722px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/962px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption>歐洲公元476年的地圖，圖中可見分佈於歐洲各地的日耳曼帝國及部落。</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="巴伐利亞語">巴伐利亞語</a>（Bavarian）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bar">bar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="辛布里語">辛布里語</a>（Cimbrian）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cim">cim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈特德語（页面不存在）">哈特德語</a>（Hutterite German, 又名 Tirolean）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=geh">geh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E5%88%87%E8%AB%BE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默切諾語（页面不存在）">默切諾語</a>（Mócheno）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mhn">mhn</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yid">yid</a>) <ul><li>東意第緒語 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ydd">ydd</a>)</li> <li>西意第緒語 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yih">yih</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Wymysorys (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wym">wym</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="低地日耳曼語">低地日耳曼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="低地法兰克语">低地法蘭克語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古低地法蘭克語（页面不存在）">古低地法蘭克語</a>（Old Low Franconian）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=odt">odt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷蘭語</a>（Middle Dutch）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dum">dum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nld">nld</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="佛兰芒语">佛蘭芒語</a>（Vlaams）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vls">vls</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西蘭語">西蘭語</a>（Zeeuws）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zea">zea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非荷蘭語">南非荷蘭語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=afr">afr</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="低地德語">低地德語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古低地德語">中古低地德語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gml">gml</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" title="古撒克遜語">古撒克遜語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=osx">osx</a>)</li> <li>Achterhoeks (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=act">act</a>)</li> <li>Drents (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=drt">drt</a>)</li> <li>Gronings (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gos">gos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="低地撒克逊语">低地撒克遜語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nds">nds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">門諾低地德語</a>（Plautdietsch 或 Mennonite Low German）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pdt">pdt</a>)</li> <li>Sallands (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sdz">sdz</a>)</li> <li>Stellingwerfs (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=stl">stl</a>)</li> <li>Twents (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=twd">twd</a>)</li> <li>Veluws (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vel">vel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%99%BC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西發利亞話（页面不存在）">西發利亞話</a>（Westphalien，地名譯作<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%80%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯特法倫">威斯特法倫</a>）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wep">wep</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東弗里西語（页面不存在）">東弗里西語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=frs">frs</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>盎格魯-弗里西語 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里西語（页面不存在）">古弗里西語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ofs">ofs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="弗里西語">弗里西語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西弗里西語">西弗里西語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fry">fry</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="北弗里西语">北弗里西語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=frr">frr</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沙特弗里西語">沙特弗里西語</a>（Sateresisch）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=stq">stq</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格魯-撒克遜語">盎格鲁-撒克遜语</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ang">ang</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古英語">中古英語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=enm">enm</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=eng">eng</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sco">sco</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Yola（愛爾蘭東南部）</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="東日耳曼語支">東日耳曼語支</a>（從<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="哥特語">哥特語</a>繼承下來） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥德語</a>（已消亡）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=got">got</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亞哥特語</a>（1800年代滅亡）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪達爾語</a>（滅亡）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xvn">xvn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勃艮第日耳曼語（页面不存在）">勃艮第日耳曼語</a>（Burgundian，滅亡）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="北日耳曼語支">北日耳曼語支</a>（又稱斯堪的納維亞語支，從<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古諾爾斯語">古諾爾斯語</a>繼承下來） <ul><li>西（島嶼）北歐語 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古諾爾斯語">古諾爾斯語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=non">non</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島語">冰島語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=isl">isl</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法羅語">法羅語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fao">fao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a>（Nynorsk）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nno">nno</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">諾恩語</a>（滅亡）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nrn">nrn</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>東（大陸）北歐語 <ul><li>Danish-Swedish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a>（Bokmål）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nob">nob</a>)</li> <li>丹麥語 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥語">丹麥語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dan">dan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="日德兰语">日德蘭語</a>（Jutish，又稱西丹麥語）(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=jut">jut</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swe">swe</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>哥特蘭語（Gutnish）</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋">註釋</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：註釋">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Estimates of native speakers of the Germanic languages vary from 450 million<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994-1">[1]</a> through 500 million and up to more than 520 million. Much of the uncertainty is caused by the rapid spread of the <a href="/wiki/English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="English language">English language</a> and conflicting estimates of its native speakers. Here used is the most probable estimate (currently 515 million) as determined by Statistics section below. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> There are various conflicting estimates of L1/native users of English, from 360 million up to 430 million and more. English is a current <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua franca（页面不存在）">lingua franca</a>, which is spreading rapidly, often replacing other languages throughout the world, thus making it difficult to provide one definitive number. It is a rare case of a language with many more secondary speakers than natives. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> This phenomenon is not restricted to German, but constitutes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard language（页面不存在）">a common linguistic development</a> affecting all modern day living major languages with a complex set of dialects. As local dialects increasingly cease to be used, they are usually being replaced by a standardized version of the language. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> It uses the lowest estimate for English (360 million). </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Estimates for English, German and Dutch are less precise than these for the rest of the Germanic languages. These three languages are the most widely spoken ones; the rest are largely concentrated in specific places (excluding Yiddish and Afrikaans), so precise estimates are easier to get. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Estimate includes most <a href="/w/index.php?title=High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High German（页面不存在）">High German</a> dialects classified into the German language spectrum, while leaves some out like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiddish language（页面不存在）">Yiddish language</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low German（页面不存在）">Low German</a> is regarded separately. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> All other Germanic languages, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gutnish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gutnish language（页面不存在）">Gutnish</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalecarlian_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalecarlian dialects（页面不存在）">Dalecarlian dialects</a> (among them <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfdalian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfdalian language（页面不存在）">Elfdalian</a>) and any other minor languages. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Estimates of native speakers of the Germanic languages vary from 450 million<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994-1">[1]</a> through 500 million and up to more than 520 million. Much of the uncertainty is caused by the rapid spread of the <a href="/wiki/English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="English language">English language</a> and conflicting estimates of its native speakers. Here used is the most probable estimate as determined by Statistics section. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994_1-1">1.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFKönigvan_der_Auwera1994">König & van der Auwera (1994)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-NE100-3"><a href="#cite_ref-NE100_3-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/spr%C3%A5k/v%C3%A4rldens-100-st%C3%B6rsta-spr%C3%A5k-2010">Världens 100 största språk 2010 [The world's 100 largest languages in 2010]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedin</a>. 2010 [12 February 2014]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111051518/http://www.ne.se/spr%C3%A5k/v%C3%A4rldens-100-st%C3%B6rsta-spr%C3%A5k-2010">存档</a>于2012-11-11） （瑞典语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.atitle=V%C3%A4rldens+100+st%C3%B6rsta+spr%C3%A5k+2010&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nationalencyklopedin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fspr%25C3%25A5k%2Fv%25C3%25A4rldens-100-st%25C3%25B6rsta-spr%25C3%25A5k-2010&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> SIL Ethnologue (2006). 95 million speakers of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard German（页面不存在）">Standard German</a>; 105 million including Middle and Upper <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German dialects（页面不存在）">German dialects</a>; 120 million including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low German（页面不存在）">Low German</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiddish（页面不存在）">Yiddish</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gechattet_wird_auf_Plattdeusch2-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Gechattet_wird_auf_Plattdeusch2_6-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noz.de/deutschland-welt/kultur/artikel/10731/gechattet-wird-auch-auf-plattdeutsch">Gechattet wird auf Plattdeusch</a>. Noz.de. [2014-03-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180518205656/https://www.noz.de/deutschland-welt/kultur/artikel/10731/gechattet-wird-auch-auf-plattdeutsch">存档</a>于2018-05-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.btitle=Gechattet+wird+auf+Plattdeusch&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Noz.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noz.de%2Fdeutschland-welt%2Fkultur%2Fartikel%2F10731%2Fgechattet-wird-auch-auf-plattdeutsch&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ndsethnologue2-7"><a href="#cite_ref-ndsethnologue2_7-0">^</a> <a href="//www.ethnologue.com/language/nds" class="extiw" title="ethnologue:nds">Saxon, Low</a> Ethnologue. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gechattet_wird_auf_Plattdeusch-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Gechattet_wird_auf_Plattdeusch_8-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noz.de/deutschland-welt/kultur/artikel/10731/gechattet-wird-auch-auf-plattdeutsch">Gechattet wird auf Plattdeusch</a>. Noz.de. [2014-03-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180518205656/https://www.noz.de/deutschland-welt/kultur/artikel/10731/gechattet-wird-auch-auf-plattdeutsch">存档</a>于2018-05-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.btitle=Gechattet+wird+auf+Plattdeusch&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Noz.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noz.de%2Fdeutschland-welt%2Fkultur%2Fartikel%2F10731%2Fgechattet-wird-auch-auf-plattdeutsch&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> The Other Languages of Europe: Demographic, Sociolinguistic, and Educational Perspectives by Guus Extra, Durk Gorter; Multilingual Matters, 2001 – 454; page 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-yivo-yiddish-10"><a href="#cite_ref-yivo-yiddish_10-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Dovid Katz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322162722/http://yivo.org/downloads/Yiddish.pdf">YIDDISH</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=YIVO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YIVO（页面不存在）">YIVO</a>. [20 December 2015]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yivo.org/downloads/Yiddish.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于March 22, 2012）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.atitle=YIDDISH&rft.au=Dovid+Katz&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YIVO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyivo.org%2Fdownloads%2FYiddish.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Holmberg-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Holmberg_11-0">^</a> Holmberg, Anders and Christer Platzack (2005). "The Scandinavian languages". In The Comparative Syntax Handbook, eds <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guglielmo_Cinque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guglielmo Cinque（页面不存在）">Guglielmo Cinque</a> and Richard S. Kayne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/anders.holmberg/resources/The%20Scandinavian%20Languages.pdf">Excerpt at Durham University</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203191740/http://www.dur.ac.uk/anders.holmberg/resources/The%20Scandinavian%20Languages.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期3 December 2007.. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol/gotol/100">1 Cor. 13:1–12</a>. lrc.la.utexas.edu. [2016-08-03]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323174037/https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol/gotol/100">存档</a>于2021-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.atitle=1+Cor.+13%3A1%E2%80%9312&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrc.la.utexas.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flrc.la.utexas.edu%2Feieol%2Fgotol%2F100&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/germanic">Germanic</a>. 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Nederlandse Taalunie. 2010 [2011-04-07]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021192842/http://taalunieversum.org/taal/feiten_en_weetjes/#feitencijfers">存档</a>于2012-10-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.btitle=Nederlands%2C+wereldtaal&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nederlandse+Taalunie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaalunieversum.org%2Ftaal%2Ffeiten_en_weetjes%2F%23feitencijfers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NE-27"><a href="#cite_ref-NE_27-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedin</a> "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-cib11-28"><a href="#cite_ref-cib11_28-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf">Census 2011: Census in brief</a> (PDF). 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[2020-08-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526135129/https://www.statice.is/?PageID=1390">存档</a>于2020-05-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.atitle=Statistics+Iceland&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Iceland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statice.is%2F%3FPageID%3D1390&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fao">Faroese</a>. ethnologue.com. 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Oxford: Blackwell. 1996: 290. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-631-19814-8" title="Special:网络书源/0-631-19814-8">ISBN 0-631-19814-8</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-631-19814-8&rft.pages=290&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroup/206/">Germanic | Ethnologue Free</a>. Ethnologue (Free All). 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University Press of Southern Denmark. 2003: 41–57 [2021-05-30]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788778388261" title="Special:网络书源/9788778388261">ISBN 9788778388261</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115054206/https://books.google.com/books?id=VPQdAQAAIAAJ">存档</a>于2021-11-15） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.au=Jacobsen%2C+Henrik+Galberg&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.aulast=Basb%C3%B8ll&rft.btitle=Take+Danish%2C+for+Instance%3A+Linguistic+Studies+in+Honour+of+Hans+Basb%C3%B8ll+Presented+on+the+Occasion+of+His+60th+Birthday%2C+12+July+2003&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788778388261&rft.pages=41-57&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Southern+Denmark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVPQdAQAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Jacobs, Neil G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ijVn2KP0FocC&pg=PA3">Yiddish: A Linguistic Introduction</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2005 [2021-05-30]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521772150" title="Special:网络书源/9780521772150">ISBN 9780521772150</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115054208/https://books.google.com/books?id=ijVn2KP0FocC&pg=PA3">存档</a>于2021-11-15） –通过Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.aufirst=Neil+G.&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.btitle=Yiddish%3A+A+Linguistic+Introduction&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780521772150&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DijVn2KP0FocC%26pg%3DPA3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan. The Germanic languages. London: Routledge. 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.au=van+der+Auwera%2C+Johan&rft.aufirst=Ekkehard&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6nig&rft.btitle=The+Germanic+languages&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Wang, Chuan-Chao; Ding, Qi-Liang; Tao, Huan; Li, Hui. Comment on "Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Language Expansion from Africa". Science. 2012, 335 (6069): 657. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...335..657W">Bibcode:2012Sci...335..657W</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">ISSN 0036-8075</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323803">PMID 22323803</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1207846">doi:10.1126/science.1207846</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&rft.atitle=Comment+on+%22Phonemic+Diversity+Supports+a+Serial+Founder+Effect+Model+of+Language+Expansion+from+Africa%22&rft.au=Ding%2C+Qi-Liang&rft.au=Li%2C+Hui&rft.au=Tao%2C+Huan&rft.aufirst=Chuan-Chao&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft.issue=6069&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=657&rft.volume=335&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Sci...335..657W&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1207846&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22323803&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/theudiskon">原始日耳曼語重建組</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060211002720/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/theudiskon">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" title="盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语组">盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" title="盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语组">盎格鲁语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英語方言列表">英語方言列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E6%88%88%E8%AF%AD" title="芬戈语">芬戈语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="约拉语">约拉语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古低地蘇格蘭語（页面不存在）">上古低地蘇格蘭語</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Early Scots">Early Scots</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古低地蘇格蘭語（页面不存在）">中古低地蘇格蘭語</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Scots">Middle Scots</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里斯兰语">弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">古弗里斯兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Frisian">Old Frisian</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">中古弗里斯兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Frisian">Middle Frisian</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">东弗里斯兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Frisian_language" class="extiw" title="en:East Frisian language">East Frisian language</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>埃姆斯 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语">萨特弗里斯兰语</a></li></ul></li> <li>威悉 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangerooge_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangerooge Frisian（页面不存在）">Wangerooge Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wursten_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wursten Frisian（页面不存在）">Wursten Frisian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="北弗里斯兰语">北弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>海岛 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiderstedt_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiderstedt Frisian（页面不存在）">Eiderstedt</a></li> <li>Föhr–Amrum <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6hr_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Föhr North Frisian（页面不存在）">Föhr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrum_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amrum North Frisian（页面不存在）">Amrum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heligoland_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heligoland Frisian（页面不存在）">Heligolandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylt_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylt North Frisian（页面不存在）">Sylt</a></li></ul></li> <li>大陆 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6kingharde_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bökingharde North Frisian（页面不存在）">Bökingharde</a> <ul><li>Mooring</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halligen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halligen Frisian（页面不存在）">Halligen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goesharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goesharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Goesharde</a> <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Central</li> <li>Southern</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karrharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karrharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Karrharde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strand_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strand Frisian（页面不存在）">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiedingharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiedingharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Wiedingharde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗里斯兰诸语（页面不存在）">西弗里斯兰诸语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Frisian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:West Frisian languages">West Frisian languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindeloopen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindeloopen Frisian（页面不存在）">Hindeloopen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiermonnikoog_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiermonnikoog Frisian（页面不存在）">Schiermonnikoog</a></li> <li>Westlauwers–Terschellings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="西弗里斯兰语">西弗里斯兰语</a> <ul><li>Clay Frisian</li> <li>Wood Frisian <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westereendersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westereendersk（页面不存在）">Westereendersk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terschelling_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terschelling Frisian（页面不存在）">Terschelling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" title="古撒克遜語">古撒克遜語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪低地德语">中世纪低地德语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西低地德语">西低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="荷兰下萨克森语">荷兰下萨克森语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E7%81%B5%E9%9F%A6%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯泰灵韦夫方言（页面不存在）">斯泰灵韦夫方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellingwarfs_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Stellingwarfs dialect">Stellingwarfs dialect</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特文特方言（页面不存在）">特文特方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweants_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Tweants dialect">Tweants dialect</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="格羅寧根方言">格羅寧根方言</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德伦特方言（页面不存在）">德伦特方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A8ents_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Drèents dialects">Drèents dialects</a>）</li> <li>Gelders-Overijssels <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achterhooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achterhooks（页面不存在）">Achterhooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallaans_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallaans dialect（页面不存在）">Sallaans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urkers_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urkers dialect（页面不存在）">Urkers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veluws_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veluws dialect（页面不存在）">Veluws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Low Saxon（页面不存在）">Northern Low Saxon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Frisian_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Frisian Low Saxon（页面不存在）">East Frisian Low Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schleswigsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schleswigsch（页面不存在）">Schleswigsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holsteinisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holsteinisch（页面不存在）">Holsteinisch</a></li> <li>Oldenburgish</li> <li>North Hanoveranian</li> <li>Dithmarsch</li> <li>Emsländisch</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastphalian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastphalian language（页面不存在）">Eastphalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="威斯特法伦方言">威斯特法伦方言</a> <ul><li>East Westphalian</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Westphalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Westphalian（页面不存在）">South Westphalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东低地德语">东低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect（页面不存在）">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgisch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgisch dialect（页面不存在）">Brandenburgisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Markish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Markish（页面不存在）">North Markish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Markish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Markish（页面不存在）">Central Markish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Pomeranian（页面不存在）">Central Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Pomeranian（页面不存在）">East Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Prussian dialect（页面不存在）">Low Prussian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">門諾低地德語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="低地法兰克语">低地法兰克语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="标准方言">标准语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法兰克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古荷兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿非利卡语">南非語</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaaps（页面不存在）">Kaaps</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西低地法兰克语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Dutch_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Dutch dialects（页面不存在）">Central Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollandic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollandic dialect（页面不存在）">Hollandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleverlandish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleverlandish（页面不存在）">Kleverlandish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="西弗拉芒方言">西弗拉芒方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国弗拉芒方言（页面不存在）">法国弗拉芒方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Flemish" class="extiw" title="en:French Flemish">French Flemish</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泽兰语">泽兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东弗拉芒方言（页面不存在）">东弗拉芒方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Flemish" class="extiw" title="en:East Flemish">East Flemish</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="布拉班特方言">布拉班特方言</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏里南荷兰语（页面不存在）">苏里南荷兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamese_Dutch" class="extiw" title="en:Surinamese Dutch">Surinamese Dutch</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泽西荷兰语（页面不存在）">泽西荷兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Dutch_language" class="extiw" title="en:Jersey Dutch language">Jersey Dutch language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%8B%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫霍克荷兰语（页面不存在）">莫霍克荷兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_Dutch" class="extiw" title="en:Mohawk Dutch">Mohawk Dutch</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadsfries_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadsfries dialects（页面不存在）">Stadsfries</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bildts（页面不存在）">Bildts</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelands（页面不存在）">Amelands</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Midslands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midslands（页面不存在）">Midslands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东低地法兰克语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse-Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse-Rhenish（页面不存在）">Meuse-Rhenish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Limburgish_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Limburgish dialect（页面不存在）">Southeast Limburgish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="高地德语">高地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古高地德語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_New_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early New High German（页面不存在）">Early New High German</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德國標準德語">德國標準德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利德语">奥地利德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞士標準德語">瑞士標準德語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="标准方言">标准语</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克里奧爾語">克里奧爾語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳米比亚德语（页面不存在）">纳米比亚德语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibian_German" class="extiw" title="en:Namibian German">Namibian German</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E9%BB%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="納米比亞黑德語">納米比亞黑德語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin German（页面不存在）">Berlinerisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8C%85%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="拉包爾克里奧爾德語">拉包爾克里奧爾德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="巴罗萨德语">巴罗萨德语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgranodeutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belgranodeutsch（页面不存在）">Belgranodeutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伏尔加德意志人">伏尔加德语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paran%C3%A1-Wolga-Deutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch（页面不存在）">Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotwelsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotwelsch（页面不存在）">Rotwelsch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotegorisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotegorisch（页面不存在）">Lotegorisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yenish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yenish language（页面不存在）">Yenish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意第绪语方言（页面不存在）">东部方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Yiddish dialects">Yiddish dialects</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意第绪语方言（页面不存在）">西部方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Yiddish dialects">Yiddish dialects</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏格兰犹太人历史（页面不存在）">苏格兰意第绪语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Jews in Scotland">History of the Jews in Scotland</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klezmer-loshn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klezmer-loshn（页面不存在）">Klezmer-loshn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lachoudisch（页面不存在）">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西中部德语">西中部德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="中法兰克语">中法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="利普里安語">利普里安語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="科隆語">科隆語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="摩泽尔法兰克语">摩泽尔法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森堡语">卢森堡语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transylvanian Saxon dialect（页面不存在）">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪斯吕克方言（页面不存在）">洪斯吕克方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrückisch dialect">Hunsrückisch dialect</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语（页面不存在）">里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsrik" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrik">Hunsrik</a>）</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="莱茵法兰克语">莱茵法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="洛林法兰克语">洛林法兰克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="普法尔茨方言">普法尔茨方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伏尔加德意志人">伏尔加德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="賓夕法尼亞德語">賓夕法尼亞德語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑森方言（页面不存在）">黑森方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Hessian dialects">Hessian dialects</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Hessian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Hessian（页面不存在）">Central Hessian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿马纳德语（页面不存在）">阿马纳德语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amana_German" class="extiw" title="en:Amana German">Amana German</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东中部德语">东中部德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuringian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuringian dialect（页面不存在）">Thuringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上薩克森德語">上薩克森德語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Upper_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Upper Saxon（页面不存在）">North Upper Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Marchian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Marchian dialect（页面不存在）">South Marchian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erzgebirgisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erzgebirgisch（页面不存在）">Erzgebirgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusatian_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusatian dialects（页面不存在）">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E_(%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80)" title="西里西亞語 (德語方言)">西里西亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Prussian dialect（页面不存在）">High Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E7%B6%AD%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="維拉莫維安語">維拉莫維安語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alzenau_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alzenau dialect（页面不存在）">Halcnovian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上部德語">上部德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>广义上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒曼尼语">阿勒曼尼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="低地阿勒曼尼语">低地阿勒曼尼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿尔萨斯语">阿尔萨斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Tovar_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia Tovar dialect（页面不存在）">Coloniero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="高地阿勒曼尼語">高地阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="瑞士德语">瑞士德语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%AB%98%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="至高阿勒曼尼語">至高阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walser_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walser German（页面不存在）">Walser German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="施瓦本方言">施瓦本方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利-巴伐利亚语">奥地利-巴伐利亚语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">北巴伐利亚方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Northern Bavarian">Northern Bavarian</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">中巴伐利亚方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Central Bavarian">Central Bavarian</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维也纳方言（页面不存在）">维也纳方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennese_German" class="extiw" title="en:Viennese German">Viennese German</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">南巴伐利亚方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Bavarian">Southern Bavarian</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E8%92%82%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南蒂罗尔方言（页面不存在）">南蒂罗尔方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolean_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:South Tyrolean dialect">South Tyrolean dialect</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="辛布里語">辛布里語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B2cheno_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mòcheno language（页面不存在）">Mòcheno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutterite_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutterite German（页面不存在）">Hutterite German</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="南法兰克语">南法兰克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东法兰克语（页面不存在）">东法兰克语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Franconian_German" class="extiw" title="en:East Franconian German">East Franconian German</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vogtlandian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vogtlandian（页面不存在）">Vogtlandian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombardic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombardic language（页面不存在）">Langobardic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="北日耳曼语支与东日耳曼语支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始諾斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a> <ul><li>古西諾斯語</li> <li>古東諾斯語</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norwegian language（页面不存在）">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergensk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergensk（页面不存在）">Bergensk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebabnorsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebabnorsk（页面不存在）">Kebabnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sognamål dialect（页面不存在）">Sognamål</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%B8ndersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trøndersk（页面不存在）">Trøndersk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallingm%C3%A5l-Valdris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallingmål-Valdris（页面不存在）">Valdris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestlandsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestlandsk（页面不存在）">Vestlandsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="挪威语">挪威语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a> (书面)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a> (书面)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古挪威語">古挪威语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古挪威语（页面不存在）">中古挪威语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Norwegian">Middle Norwegian</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰岛语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰岛语历史（页面不存在）">中古冰岛语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Icelandic" class="extiw" title="en:History of Icelandic">History of Icelandic</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="格陵蘭諾爾斯語">格陵蘭諾爾斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">諾恩語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞典语方言（页面不存在）">瑞典语方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Swedish dialects">Swedish dialects</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语方言（页面不存在）">丹麦语方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Danish dialects">Danish dialects</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%9B%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岛丹麦语（页面不存在）">海岛丹麦语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:Insular Danish">Insular Danish</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="日德兰语">日德兰语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南日德兰方言（页面不存在）">南日德兰方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Jutlandic" class="extiw" title="en:South Jutlandic">South Jutlandic</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Danish（页面不存在）">East Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornholm_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornholm dialect（页面不存在）">Bornholmsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scanian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scanian dialect（页面不存在）">Scanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Schleswig_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Schleswig Danish（页面不存在）">Southern Schleswig Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B8tudanskt_accent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gøtudanskt accent（页面不存在）">Gøtudanskt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkerdansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkerdansk（页面不存在）">Perkerdansk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语历史（页面不存在）">古丹麦语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish">History of Danish</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语历史（页面不存在）">中古丹麦语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish">History of Danish</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalecarlian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalecarlian language（页面不存在）">Dalecarlian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfdalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfdalian（页面不存在）">Elfdalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gutnish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="哥特蘭語">哥特蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6m%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fårömål dialect（页面不存在）">Fårö Gutnish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gothic language（页面不存在）">Gothic</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亚哥特语</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮第人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪达尔语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="语文学（英语：-&#123;Germanic_philology&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语语文学（页面不存在）">语文学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_philology" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic philology">Germanic philology</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%AF%9B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里德里希·毛雷尔 (语言学家)（页面不存在）">分支</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Maurer_(linguist)" class="extiw" title="en:Friedrich Maurer (linguist)">Friedrich Maurer (linguist)</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="易北日耳曼語">易北日耳曼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weser-Rhine_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weser-Rhine Germanic（页面不存在）">Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="英维奥尼克语">英维奥尼克语</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Germanic（页面不存在）">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥德語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Germanic（页面不存在）">South</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Germanic_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Germanic grammar（页面不存在）">Proto-Germanic grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_parent_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic parent language（页面不存在）">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Belgian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Belgian language（页面不存在）">Ancient Belgian language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历时特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="格林定律">格林定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="維爾納定律">維爾納定律</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍尔茨曼定律（页面不存在）">霍尔茨曼定律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtzmann%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Holtzmann's law">Holtzmann's law</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗斯定律（页面不存在）">西弗斯定律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievers%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Sievers's law">Sievers's law</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克卢格定律（页面不存在）">克卢格定律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluge%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Kluge's law">Kluge's law</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_substrate_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic substrate hypothesis（页面不存在）">Germanic substrate hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Germanic_gemination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Germanic gemination（页面不存在）">West Germanic gemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="高地德語子音推移">高地德語子音推移</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_a-mutation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic a-mutation（页面不存在）">Germanic a-mutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="日耳曼語元音變音">日耳曼語元音變音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="日耳曼擦音定律">日耳曼擦音定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3%E6%B6%88%E5%A4%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則">北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="母音大推移">母音大推移</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">共时特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语动词</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb">Germanic verb</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%BC%B7%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="日耳曼語強變化動詞">日耳曼語強變化動詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%BC%B1%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语弱变化动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语弱变化动词</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_weak_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic weak verb">Germanic weak verb</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">过去现在时动词</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb">Germanic verb</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語法相關發音變化（页面不存在）">語法相關發音變化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatischer_Wechsel" class="extiw" title="en:Grammatischer Wechsel">Grammatischer Wechsel</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B" title="印歐語元音變換">印歐語元音變換</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li>斜体表示已<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">灭亡</a>的语言</li><li>括号内的语言表示<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="變體 (語言學)">變體</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="日耳曼语族的历史语言学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germanic_philology" title="Template:Germanic philology"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Germanic_philology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Germanic philology（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Germanic_philology" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Germanic philology"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="日耳曼语族的历史语言学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日耳曼语族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史語言學">历史语言学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%93%E5%8C%97%E6%B2%B3%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="易北河日耳曼语（页面不存在）">易北河</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe_Germanic" class="extiw" title="en:Elbe Germanic">Elbe Germanic</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E6%82%89-%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威悉-莱茵日耳曼语（页面不存在）">威悉-莱茵</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weser-Rhine_Germanic" class="extiw" title="en:Weser-Rhine Germanic">Weser-Rhine Germanic</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="英维奥尼克语">北海</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西北日耳曼语（页面不存在）">西北</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Germanic" class="extiw" title="en:Northwest Germanic">Northwest Germanic</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E#哥德語和古諾斯語" title="哥德語">哥特-诺斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南日耳曼语（页面不存在）">南</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Germanic" class="extiw" title="en:South Germanic">South Germanic</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重构语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始日耳曼语语法（页面不存在）">原始日耳曼语语法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_grammar" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-Germanic grammar">Proto-Germanic grammar</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语之前的语言（页面不存在）">日耳曼语之前的语言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_parent_language" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic parent language">Germanic parent language</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始诺斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古诺斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古瑞典语（页面不存在）">古瑞典语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Swedish" class="extiw" title="en:Old Swedish">Old Swedish</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">诺恩语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="格陵蘭諾爾斯語">格陵蘭諾爾斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古挪威語">古挪威语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古挪威语（页面不存在）">中古挪威语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Norwegian">Middle Norwegian</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亚哥特语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪达尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E8%AF%AD_(%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD)" title="勃艮第语 (日耳曼语)">勃艮第语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" title="古撒克遜語">古撒克遜語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪低地德语">中古低地德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古高地德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法兰克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古荷兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里西语（页面不存在）">古弗里西语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Frisian">Old Frisian</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古弗里西语（页面不存在）">中古弗里西语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frisian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Frisian language">Middle Frisian language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="约拉语">约拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期苏格兰语（页面不存在）">早期苏格兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Early Scots">Early Scots</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古苏格兰语（页面不存在）">中古苏格兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Scots">Middle Scots</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="倫巴第語">伦巴第语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Lombardic language">Lombardic language</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现代语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南非语">南非语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒曼尼语">阿勒曼尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="辛布里語">辛布里语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰岛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">门诺低地德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森堡语">卢森堡语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="北弗里斯兰语">北弗里斯兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="挪威语">挪威语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语">萨特弗里斯兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="低地苏格兰语">低地苏格兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="瑞典语">瑞典语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="西弗里斯兰语">西弗里斯兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="意第绪语">意第绪语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%97%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="历时">历时</a>性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="格林定律">格林定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="維爾納定律">维尔纳定律</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holtzmann%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holtzmann定律（页面不存在）">Holtzmann定律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtzmann%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Holtzmann's law">Holtzmann's law</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sievers%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sievers定律（页面不存在）">Sievers定律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievers%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Sievers's law">Sievers's law</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kluge%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kluge定律（页面不存在）">Kluge定律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluge%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Kluge's law">Kluge's law</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%BA%95%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语基底假说（页面不存在）">日耳曼语基底假说</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_substrate_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic substrate hypothesis">Germanic substrate hypothesis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E5%BB%B6%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西日耳曼语辅音延长（页面不存在）">西日耳曼语辅音延长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germanic_gemination" class="extiw" title="en:West Germanic gemination">West Germanic gemination</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="高地德語子音推移">高地德语子音推移</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%ADa-%E5%BC%82%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语a-异变（页面不存在）">日耳曼语a-异变</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_a-mutation" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic a-mutation">Germanic a-mutation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%98%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼语元音变音">日耳曼语元音变音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="日耳曼擦音定律">日耳曼擦音定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3%E6%B6%88%E5%A4%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則">北海日耳曼语鼻音消失法则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="元音大推移">元音大推移</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%97%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="共时">共时</a>性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语动词</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb">Germanic verb</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%BC%B7%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="日耳曼語強變化動詞">日耳曼语强变化动词</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%BC%B1%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语弱变化动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语弱变化动词</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_weak_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic weak verb">Germanic weak verb</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatischer_Wechsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammatischer Wechsel（页面不存在）">Grammatischer Wechsel</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatischer_Wechsel" class="extiw" title="en:Grammatischer Wechsel">Grammatischer Wechsel</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B" title="印歐語元音變換">印欧语元音变换</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">语言历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="英语史">英语</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonological_history_of_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonological history of English（页面不存在）">Phonology</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of_English" class="extiw" title="en:Phonological history of English">Phonological history of English</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏格兰语史（页面不存在）">苏格兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Scots_language" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Scots language">History of the Scots language</a>） (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonological_history_of_Scots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonological history of Scots（页面不存在）">Phonology</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Phonological history of Scots">Phonological history of Scots</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="德语史">德语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰语史（页面不存在）">荷兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Dutch_language" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Dutch language">History of the Dutch language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语史（页面不存在）">丹麦语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish">History of Danish</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰岛语史（页面不存在）">冰岛语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Icelandic" class="extiw" title="en:History of Icelandic">History of Icelandic</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞典语史（页面不存在）">瑞典语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Swedish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Swedish">History of Swedish</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="语言系属分类" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="Template:世界语系"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:世界语系（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:世界语系"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="语言系属分类" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">语言系属分类</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding: 0.35em 1.0em; line-height: 1.1em; text-align: left;">非洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;;padding: 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="亚非语系">亚非语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="柏柏尔语族">柏柏尔语族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="乍得语族">乍得语族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="埃及语">埃及語族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="闪米特语族">闪米特语族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="庫希特語族">库希特语族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%8E%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="奥莫语族">奥摩语族</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尼日尔-刚果语系">尼日尔-刚果语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="大西洋-刚果语族">大西洋-刚果语族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="曼德語族">曼德语族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%BB%E4%BC%8A%E4%B9%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="类伊乔语族（页面不存在）">类伊乔语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijoid_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Ijoid languages">Ijoid languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多贡语族（页面不存在）">多贡语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogon_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Dogon languages">Dogon languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克鲁语族（页面不存在）">克鲁语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Kru languages">Kru languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamou_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siamou language（页面不存在）">Siamou language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamou_language" class="extiw" title="en:Siamou language">Siamou language</a>）*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%87%A1%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="科尔多凡语族">科尔多凡语族</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafofa_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lafofa languages（页面不存在）">Lafofa languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafofa_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Lafofa languages">Lafofa languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katloid_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katloid languages（页面不存在）">Katloid languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katloid_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Katloid languages">Katloid languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashad_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashad languages（页面不存在）">Rashad languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Rashad languages">Rashad languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talodi%E2%80%93Heiban_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talodi–Heiban languages（页面不存在）">Talodi–Heiban languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talodi%E2%80%93Heiban_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Talodi–Heiban languages">Talodi–Heiban languages</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97-%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尼罗-撒哈拉语系">尼罗-撒哈拉语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝尔塔语族（页面不存在）">贝尔塔语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berta_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Berta languages">Berta languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E7%A9%86%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科穆兹诸语（页面不存在）">科穆兹诸语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komuz_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Komuz languages">Komuz languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%CA%BCaga_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bʼaga languages（页面不存在）">Bʼaga languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%CA%BCaga_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Bʼaga languages">Bʼaga languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科马语族（页面不存在）">科马语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koman_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Koman languages">Koman languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shabo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shabo language（页面不存在）">Shabo language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabo_language" class="extiw" title="en:Shabo language">Shabo language</a>）*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="富爾語族">富爾語族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadu_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadu languages（页面不存在）">Kadu languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadu_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Kadu languages">Kadu languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuliak_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuliak languages（页面不存在）">Kuliak languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuliak_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Kuliak languages">Kuliak languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E7%BA%B3%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库纳马语族（页面不存在）">库纳马语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunama_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Kunama languages">Kunama languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="马巴语族">马巴语族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="撒哈拉语族（页面不存在）">撒哈拉语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Saharan languages">Saharan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%B5%B7%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="桑海語族">桑海語族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中苏丹语族（页面不存在）">中苏丹语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Sudanic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Central Sudanic languages">Central Sudanic languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东苏丹语族（页面不存在）">东苏丹语族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Sudanic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Sudanic languages">Eastern Sudanic languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mimi_of_Decorse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mimi of Decorse（页面不存在）">Mimi of Decorse</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimi_of_Decorse" class="extiw" title="en:Mimi of Decorse">Mimi of Decorse</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E6%A1%91%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="科伊桑语系">科伊桑语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A-%E5%A4%B8%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科伊-夸迪语系（页面不存在）">科伊-夸迪语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoe%E2%80%93Kwadi_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Khoe–Kwadi languages">Khoe–Kwadi languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图语系（页面不存在）">图语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuu_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tuu languages">Tuu languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="科语系">科语系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈扎语（页面不存在）">哈扎语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadza_language" class="extiw" title="en:Hadza language">Hadza language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%BE%BE%E9%9F%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="桑达韦语">桑达韦语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">孤立和未分类语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangime_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangime language（页面不存在）">Bangime language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangime_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bangime language">Bangime language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalaa_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalaa language（页面不存在）">Jalaa language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Jalaa language">Jalaa language</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding: 0.35em 1.0em; line-height: 1.1em; text-align: left;">欧洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;;padding: 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="乌拉尔语系">乌拉尔语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="巴斯克語">巴斯克語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥语系">突厥语族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="蒙古语系">蒙古语系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E8%A1%9B%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="卡爾梅克衛拉特語">卡爾梅克衛拉特語</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="亚非语系">亚非语系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD" title="马耳他语">马耳他语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="塞浦路斯阿拉伯语">塞浦路斯阿拉伯语</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="第勒尼安语系">第勒尼安语系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%BA%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米诺安语（页面不存在）">米诺安语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Minoan language">Minoan language</a>）</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="高加索诸语言" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="高加索诸语言">高加索诸语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="北高加索語系">北高加索語系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="东北高加索语系">东北高加索语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="西北高加索语系">西北高加索语系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南高加索语系">南高加索语系</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding: 0.35em 1.0em; line-height: 1.1em; text-align: left;">亚洲 不含高加 索地区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;;padding: 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">中东</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="亚非语系">亚非语系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="闪米特语族">闪米特语族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A-%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡里亚-乌拉尔图语系（页面不存在）">胡里亚-乌拉尔图语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurro-Urartian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Hurro-Urartian languages">Hurro-Urartian languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="埃蘭語">埃蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="苏美尔语">苏美尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="印度-伊朗语族">印度-伊朗语族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="安那托利亞語族">安那托利亞語族</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">北亚和中亚</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="乌拉尔语系">乌拉尔语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="阿尔泰语系">阿尔泰语系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="蒙古语系">蒙古語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1-%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="满-通古斯语系">满-通古斯语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥语系">突厥语族</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="古西伯利亞語言">古西伯利亚语言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%A5%87-%E5%A0%AA%E5%AF%9F%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="楚科奇-堪察加语系">楚科奇—堪察加语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="叶尼塞语系">叶尼塞语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%AB%E8%B5%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="尼夫赫語">尼夫赫语（族）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%8D%A1%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尤卡吉尔语系">尤卡吉尔语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%91%A9%E2%80%94%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱斯基摩—阿留申语系">爱斯基摩—阿留申语系</a>*</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">东亚和东南亚</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AF%E4%BE%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="壯侗語系">壯侗語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="苗瑶语系">苗瑶语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="吐火罗语">吐火罗语</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语系">扶余－新罗语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC-%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="日本-琉球语系">日本-琉球语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="阿伊努語">阿伊努語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">南亚</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="蒙达语族">蒙达语族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="卡西语支">卡西语支</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="达罗毗荼语系">达罗毗荼语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="安达曼语系">安达曼语系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="大安达曼语系">大安达曼语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="翁奇语系">翁奇语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E8%92%82%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="森蒂納爾語">森蒂納爾語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%AA%9E" title="布魯夏斯基語">布鲁夏斯基语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="尼哈利语">尼哈利语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%AD%99%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库孙达语（页面不存在）">库孙达语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusunda_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kusunda language">Kusunda language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="印度-伊朗语族">印度-伊朗语族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AF%E4%BE%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="壯侗語系">壯侗語系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%AA%E5%A7%86%E8%AA%9E" title="阿洪姆語">阿洪姆語</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">分类有争议语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%AD%AF%E7%B4%8D%E6%81%B0%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="阿魯納恰爾語言">阿魯納恰爾語言</a> <ul><li>傳統上歸入漢藏語系，含<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="鲁苏语支">鲁苏语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E6%9C%B1%E5%A5%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="舍朱奔语支">舍朱奔语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="桑朗语群">桑朗语群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="格曼语支">格曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E9%83%BD%E2%80%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%AE%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="义都—达让语支">义都—达让语支</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E5%BD%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="尚彭語">尚彭語</a>（傳統上歸入南亚语系）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩加诺语（页面不存在）">恩加诺语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enggano_language" class="extiw" title="en:Enggano language">Enggano language</a>）（傳統上歸入南島語系）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%9A%E4%BC%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="克纳博伊语">克纳博伊语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8F%90%E8%AA%9E" title="哈提語">哈提語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding: 0.35em 1.0em; line-height: 1.1em; text-align: left;">大洋洲 含马来群 岛东部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;;padding: 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E8%AB%B8%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="巴布亞諸語言">巴布亞諸語言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">广义<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="跨新几内亚语系">跨新几内亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>狭义跨新几内亚语系 <ul><li>核心跨新几内亚语系</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%A6%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钦布语系（页面不存在）">钦布语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimbu%E2%80%93Wahgi_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Chimbu–Wahgi languages">Chimbu–Wahgi languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩加语系（页面不存在）">恩加语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Engan languages">Engan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%BD%93%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马当语系（页面不存在）">马当语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madang_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Madang languages">Madang languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E7%94%B1%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上由阿特河语系（页面不存在）">上由阿特河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Yuat_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Upper Yuat languages">Upper Yuat languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西巴布亚语系（页面不存在）">西巴布亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Papuan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:West Papuan languages">West Papuan languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>……</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%93%A6-%E8%90%A8%E9%9F%A6%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚瓦-萨韦鲁语系（页面不存在）">亚瓦-萨韦鲁语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawa_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Yawa languages">Yawa languages</a>）*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿本语（页面不存在）">阿本语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abun_language" class="extiw" title="en:Abun language">Abun language</a>）*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈布拉特语（页面不存在）">迈布拉特语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maybrat_language" class="extiw" title="en:Maybrat language">Maybrat language</a>）*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姆普尔语（页面不存在）">姆普尔语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpur_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mpur language">Mpur language</a>）*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西北巴布亚语系（页面不存在）">西北巴布亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Papuan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Northwest Papuan languages">Northwest Papuan languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法斯语系（页面不存在）">法斯语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fas_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Fas languages">Fas languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森塔尼语系（页面不存在）">森塔尼语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demta%E2%80%93Sentani_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Demta–Sentani languages">Demta–Sentani languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B9%E5%A2%83%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="边境语系（页面不存在）">边境语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_languages_(New_Guinea)" class="extiw" title="en:Border languages (New Guinea)">Border languages (New Guinea)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯科语系（页面不存在）">斯科语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skou_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Skou languages">Skou languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94-%E5%A5%8E%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托尔-奎尔巴语系（页面不存在）">托尔-奎尔巴语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foja_Range_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Foja Range languages">Foja Range languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%B9%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴布亚湾语系（页面不存在）">巴布亚湾语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuan_Gulf_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Papuan Gulf languages">Papuan Gulf languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%9C%9F%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库土布语系（页面不存在）">库土布语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutubuan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Kutubuan languages">Kutubuan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E9%98%BF%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图阿河语系（页面不存在）">图阿河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teberan%E2%80%93Pawaian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Teberan–Pawaian languages">Teberan–Pawaian languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teberan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teberan languages（页面不存在）">Teberan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teberan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Teberan languages">Teberan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiru_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiru language（页面不存在）">Wiru language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiru_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wiru language">Wiru language</a>）*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pawaia_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pawaia language（页面不存在）">Pawaia language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawaia_language" class="extiw" title="en:Pawaia language">Pawaia language</a>）*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Strickland_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Strickland languages（页面不存在）">East Strickland languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Strickland_languages" class="extiw" title="en:East Strickland languages">East Strickland languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doso%E2%80%93Turumsa_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doso–Turumsa languages（页面不存在）">Doso–Turumsa languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doso%E2%80%93Turumsa_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Doso–Turumsa languages">Doso–Turumsa languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turama%E2%80%93Kikorian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turama–Kikorian languages（页面不存在）">Turama–Kikorian languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turama%E2%80%93Kikorian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Turama–Kikorian languages">Turama–Kikorian languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东巴布亚语言（页面不存在）">东巴布亚语言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Papuan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:East Papuan languages">East Papuan languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E5%8B%92-%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶勒-西新不列颠语系（页面不存在）">耶勒-西新不列颠语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yele_%E2%80%93_West_New_Britain_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Yele – West New Britain languages">Yele – West New Britain languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%A7%E5%A7%86%E8%AA%9E" title="阿內姆語">阿內姆語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿塔语（页面不存在）">阿塔语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ata_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ata language">Ata language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E5%8B%92%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶勒语（页面不存在）">耶勒语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yele_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yele language">Yele language</a>）*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东新不列颠语系（页面不存在）">东新不列颠语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_New_Britain_languages" class="extiw" title="en:East New Britain languages">East New Britain languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北布干维尔语系（页面不存在）">北布干维尔语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Bougainville_languages" class="extiw" title="en:North Bougainville languages">North Bougainville languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%83%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南布干维尔语系（页面不存在）">南布干维尔语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bougainville_languages" class="extiw" title="en:South Bougainville languages">South Bougainville languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中所罗门语系（页面不存在）">中所罗门语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Solomon_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Central Solomon languages">Central Solomon languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%B7%AF%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏路卡语（页面不存在）">苏路卡语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulka_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sulka language">Sulka language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%B7%AF%E8%AF%AD_(%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科路语 (巴布亚新几内亚)（页面不存在）">科路语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" class="extiw" title="en:Kol language (Papua New Guinea)">Kol language (Papua New Guinea)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E6%AC%A7%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库欧特语（页面不存在）">库欧特语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuot_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kuot language">Kuot language</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A6%E6%A2%85%E6%B2%B3-%E8%90%A8%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="左梅河-萨马亚河语系（页面不存在）">左梅河-萨马亚河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arai%E2%80%93Samaia_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Arai–Samaia languages">Arai–Samaia languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A6%E6%A2%85%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="左梅河语系（页面不存在）">左梅河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_May_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Left May languages">Left May languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨马亚河语系（页面不存在）">萨马亚河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amto%E2%80%93Musan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Amto–Musan languages">Amto–Musan languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7%E4%BA%9A-%E6%88%88%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比南德雷亚-戈伊拉拉语系（页面不存在）">比南德雷亚-戈伊拉拉语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binanderean%E2%80%93Goilalan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Binanderean–Goilalan languages">Binanderean–Goilalan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%9E%81%E4%B9%90%E9%B8%9F%E6%B9%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东极乐鸟湾语系（页面不存在）">东极乐鸟湾语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Geelvink_Bay_languages" class="extiw" title="en:East Geelvink Bay languages">East Geelvink Bay languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E8%8E%B1%E7%8E%9B%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃莱玛语系（页面不存在）">埃莱玛语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleman_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Eleman languages">Eleman languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E9%9B%B7-%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考雷-科萨雷语系（页面不存在）">考雷-科萨雷语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaure%E2%80%93Kosare_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Kaure–Kosare languages">Kaure–Kosare languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%8A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇瓦伊语系（页面不存在）">奇瓦伊语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwaian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Kiwaian languages">Kiwaian languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湖原语系（页面不存在）">湖原语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakes_Plain_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Lakes Plain languages">Lakes Plain languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E6%9B%BC%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下曼伯拉莫河语系（页面不存在）">下曼伯拉莫河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Mamberamo_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Lower Mamberamo languages">Lower Mamberamo languages</a>）*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3%E6%B9%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃特纳湾语系（页面不存在）">埃特纳湾语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairasi_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Mairasi languages">Mairasi languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保瓦西河语系（页面不存在）">保瓦西河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauwasi_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Pauwasi languages">Pauwasi languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E7%B4%8D%E5%B9%BE%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="賽納幾語系">賽納幾語系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%8A%AA%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞努河语系（页面不存在）">塞努河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senu_River_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Senu River languages">Senu River languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%B3-%E6%8B%89%E7%A9%86%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞皮克河-拉穆语言（页面不存在）">塞皮克河-拉穆语言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepik%E2%80%93Ramu_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Sepik–Ramu languages">Sepik–Ramu languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞皮克河语系（页面不存在）">塞皮克河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepik_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Sepik languages">Sepik languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%A9%86-%E4%B8%8B%E5%A1%9E%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉穆-下塞皮克河语系（页面不存在）">拉穆-下塞皮克河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramu%E2%80%93Lower_Sepik_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Ramu–Lower Sepik languages">Ramu–Lower Sepik languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%A9%86%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉穆语系（页面不存在）">拉穆语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramu_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Ramu languages">Ramu languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E5%A1%9E%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下塞皮克河语系（页面不存在）">下塞皮克河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Sepik_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Lower Sepik languages">Lower Sepik languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayap_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tayap language（页面不存在）">Tayap language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayap_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tayap language">Tayap language</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E5%88%87%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="托里切利語族">托里切利語族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A8%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1-%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跨弗莱-布拉卡河语言（页面不存在）">跨弗莱-布拉卡河语言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Fly%E2%80%93Bulaka_River_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages">Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A8%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跨弗莱语系（页面不存在）">跨弗莱语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Fly_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Trans-Fly languages">Trans-Fly languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布拉卡河语系（页面不存在）">布拉卡河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulaka_River_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Bulaka River languages">Bulaka River languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%91%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫尔黑德河语系（页面不存在）">莫尔黑德河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yam_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Yam languages">Yam languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B1%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="由阿特河语系（页面不存在）">由阿特河语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuat_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Yuat languages">Yuat languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abinomn_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abinomn language（页面不存在）">Abinomn language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abinomn_language" class="extiw" title="en:Abinomn language">Abinomn language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porome_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porome language（页面不存在）">Porome language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porome_language" class="extiw" title="en:Porome language">Porome language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E5%8D%9A%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="坦博拉语">坦博拉语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="澳大利亚原住民语言">澳洲原住民语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%95%E7%91%AA-%E5%8A%AA%E5%B9%B2%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大帕瑪-努干語系（页面不存在）">大帕瑪-努干語系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Pama–Nyungan languages">Macro-Pama–Nyungan languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%A9%AC-%E5%B0%BC%E6%B0%B8%E7%94%98%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="帕马-尼永甘语系">帕马-尼永甘语系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%B4%A1%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大贡维尼古语系（页面不存在）">大贡维尼古语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Macro-Gunwinyguan languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A1%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贡维尼古语系（页面不存在）">贡维尼古语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunwinyguan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Gunwinyguan languages">Gunwinyguan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%AE%81%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马宁里达语系（页面不存在）">马宁里达语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maningrida_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Maningrida languages">Maningrida languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%86%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昆加拉卡尼语（页面不存在）">昆加拉卡尼语</a>（：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kungarakany_language:%E6%98%86%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kungarakany language:昆加拉卡尼语（页面不存在）">昆加拉卡尼语</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8F%A4%E4%B9%85%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加古久语（页面不存在）">加古久语</a>（：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaagudju_language:%E5%8A%A0%E5%8F%A4%E4%B9%85%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaagudju language:加古久语（页面不存在）">加古久语</a>）</li> <li>马雅腊以-马拉语言</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐基克语系（页面不存在）">唐基克语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangkic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tangkic languages">Tangkic languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%87%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加勒万语系（页面不存在）">加勒万语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garawan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Garawan languages">Garawan languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="塔斯馬尼亞語言">塔斯馬尼亞語言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北塔斯马尼亚语系（页面不存在）">北塔斯马尼亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Tasmanian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Northern Tasmanian languages">Northern Tasmanian languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东北塔斯马尼亚语系（页面不存在）">东北塔斯马尼亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern_Tasmanian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Northeastern Tasmanian languages">Northeastern Tasmanian languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东塔斯马尼亚语系（页面不存在）">东塔斯马尼亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Tasmanian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Tasmanian languages">Eastern Tasmanian languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西塔斯马尼亚语系（页面不存在）">西塔斯马尼亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Tasmanian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Western Tasmanian languages">Western Tasmanian languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E7%8F%AD%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布努班语系（页面不存在）">布努班语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunuban_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Bunuban languages">Bunuban languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达尔文地区语系（页面不存在）">达尔文地区语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Region_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Darwin Region languages">Darwin Region languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戴利语言（页面不存在）">戴利语言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daly_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Daly languages">Daly languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东戴利语系（页面不存在）">东戴利语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Daly_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Daly languages">Eastern Daly languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%88%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南戴利语系（页面不存在）">南戴利语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Daly_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Daly languages">Southern Daly languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%88%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西戴利语系（页面不存在）">西戴利语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Daly_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Western Daly languages">Western Daly languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%88%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北戴利语（页面不存在）">北戴利语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malak-Malak_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malak-Malak language">Malak-Malak language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%90%89%E8%BF%8E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦吉迎语系（页面不存在）">瓦吉迎语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagaydyic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Wagaydyic languages">Wagaydyic languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E7%93%A6%E7%96%86%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊瓦疆语系（页面不存在）">伊瓦疆语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwaidjan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Iwaidjan languages">Iwaidjan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%BE%E8%85%8A%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贾腊卡语系（页面不存在）">贾腊卡语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarrakan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Jarrakan languages">Jarrakan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marrku%E2%80%93Wurrugu_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marrku–Wurrugu languages（页面不存在）">Marrku–Wurrugu languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrku%E2%80%93Wurrugu_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Marrku–Wurrugu languages">Marrku–Wurrugu languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%81%A9%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米恩迪语系（页面不存在）">米恩迪语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirndi_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Mirndi languages">Mirndi languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%BD%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纽尔纽兰语系（页面不存在）">纽尔纽兰语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyulnyulan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Nyulnyulan languages">Nyulnyulan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃罗兰语系（页面不存在）">沃罗兰语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worrorran_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Worrorran languages">Worrorran languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%89%8E%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦扎曼语系（页面不存在）">瓦扎曼语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardaman_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wardaman language">Wardaman language</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦基曼语">瓦基曼语</a>*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="金比尤语">金比尤语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="提维语">提维语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding: 0.35em 1.0em; line-height: 1.1em; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="美洲原住民語言">北美洲</a> 含中美洲 </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="阿尔吉克语系">阿尔吉克语系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chumashan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chumashan languages（页面不存在）">Chumashan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumashan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Chumashan languages">Chumashan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%91%A9%E2%80%94%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱斯基摩—阿留申语系">爱斯基摩—阿留申语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D-%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%A7%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="納-德內語系">納—德內語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E4%BB%96-%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="猶他-阿茲特克語系">猶他—阿茲特克語系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuki%E2%80%93Wappo_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuki–Wappo languages（页面不存在）">Yuki–Wappo languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuki%E2%80%93Wappo_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Yuki–Wappo languages">Yuki–Wappo languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E5%B8%83%E6%81%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大奇布恰语系（页面不存在）">大奇布恰语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-Chibchan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Chibchan languages">Macro-Chibchan languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%B8%83%E6%81%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="奇布恰语系">奇布恰语系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lencan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lencan languages（页面不存在）">Lencan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lencan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Lencan languages">Lencan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E8%8B%8F%E7%8E%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米苏玛尔潘语系（页面不存在）">米苏玛尔潘语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misumalpan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Misumalpan languages">Misumalpan languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%94%E8%AA%9E" title="海達語">海達語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutenai_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kutenai language（页面不存在）">Kutenai language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutenai_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kutenai language">Kutenai language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timucua_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timucua language（页面不存在）">Timucua language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timucua_language" class="extiw" title="en:Timucua language">Timucua language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonkawa_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonkawa language（页面不存在）">Tonkawa language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonkawa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tonkawa language">Tonkawa language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waikuri_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waikuri language（页面不存在）">Waikuri language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waikuri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Waikuri language">Waikuri language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuitlatec_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuitlatec language（页面不存在）">Cuitlatec language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuitlatec_language" class="extiw" title="en:Cuitlatec language">Cuitlatec language</a>）</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大苏族语系（页面不存在）">大苏族语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-Siouan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Siouan languages">Macro-Siouan languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siouan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siouan languages（页面不存在）">Siouan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siouan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Siouan languages">Siouan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuchi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuchi language（页面不存在）">Yuchi language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuchi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yuchi language">Yuchi language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caddoan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caddoan languages（页面不存在）">Caddoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caddoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Caddoan languages">Caddoan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E6%B4%9B%E9%AD%81%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="易洛魁语系">易洛魁语系</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%9D%8E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍坎语系（页面不存在）">霍坎语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Hokan languages">Hokan languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karuk_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karuk language（页面不存在）">Karuk language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuk_language" class="extiw" title="en:Karuk language">Karuk language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shastan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shastan languages（页面不存在）">Shastan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shastan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Shastan languages">Shastan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaihnihan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaihnihan languages（页面不存在）">Palaihnihan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaihnihan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Palaihnihan languages">Palaihnihan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimariko_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimariko language（页面不存在）">Chimariko language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimariko_language" class="extiw" title="en:Chimariko language">Chimariko language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yana_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yana language（页面不存在）">Yana language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yana_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yana language">Yana language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washo language（页面不存在）">Washo language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washo_language" class="extiw" title="en:Washo language">Washo language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esselen_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esselen language（页面不存在）">Esselen language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esselen_language" class="extiw" title="en:Esselen language">Esselen language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomoan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomoan languages（页面不存在）">Pomoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Pomoan languages">Pomoan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B1%E7%8E%9B%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="由玛语系（页面不存在）">由玛语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuman%E2%80%93Cochim%C3%AD_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Yuman–Cochimí languages">Yuman–Cochimí languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seri_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seri language（页面不存在）">Seri language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Seri language">Seri language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comecrudan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comecrudan languages（页面不存在）">Comecrudan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comecrudan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Comecrudan languages">Comecrudan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%8A%E5%A1%94%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="瓊塔爾語">瓊塔爾語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希卡克语系（页面不存在）">希卡克语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jicaquean_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Jicaquean languages">Jicaquean languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%A9%E7%BA%BD%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佩纽蒂安语系（页面不存在）">佩纽蒂安语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penutian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Penutian languages">Penutian languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinookan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinookan languages（页面不存在）">Chinookan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinookan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Chinookan languages">Chinookan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%A9%E5%8A%AA%E8%92%82%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高原佩努蒂语系（页面不存在）">高原佩努蒂语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau_Penutian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Plateau Penutian languages">Plateau Penutian languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takelma_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takelma language（页面不存在）">Takelma language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takelma_language" class="extiw" title="en:Takelma language">Takelma language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalapuyan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalapuyan languages（页面不存在）">Kalapuyan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalapuyan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Kalapuyan languages">Kalapuyan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coast_Oregon_Penutian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coast Oregon Penutian languages（页面不存在）">Coast Oregon Penutian languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Oregon_Penutian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Coast Oregon Penutian languages">Coast Oregon Penutian languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alsea_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alsea language（页面不存在）">Alsea language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsea_language" class="extiw" title="en:Alsea language">Alsea language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siuslaw_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siuslaw language（页面不存在）">Siuslaw language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siuslaw_language" class="extiw" title="en:Siuslaw language">Siuslaw language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coosan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coosan languages（页面不存在）">Coosan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coosan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Coosan languages">Coosan languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wintuan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wintuan languages（页面不存在）">Wintuan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wintuan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Wintuan languages">Wintuan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E6%9D%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="迈杜语">迈杜语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yok-Utian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yok-Utian languages（页面不存在）">Yok-Utian languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yok-Utian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Yok-Utian languages">Yok-Utian languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokuts_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokuts language（页面不存在）">Yokuts language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokuts_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yokuts language">Yokuts language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utian languages（页面不存在）">Utian languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Utian languages">Utian languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsimshianic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsimshianic languages（页面不存在）">Tsimshianic languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tsimshianic languages">Tsimshianic languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海湾语系（页面不存在）">海湾语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Gulf languages">Gulf languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默斯科吉语系（页面不存在）">默斯科吉语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskogean_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Muskogean languages">Muskogean languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫桑语系（页面不存在）">莫桑语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Mosan languages">Mosan languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%AF%E9%BB%98%E5%BA%93%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="支默库亚语系（页面不存在）">支默库亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimakuan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Chimakuan languages">Chimakuan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="薩利希語系">薩利希語系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%8D%A1%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦卡什语系（页面不存在）">瓦卡什语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakashan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Wakashan languages">Wakashan languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%9F%A6%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普韦布洛语言联盟（页面不存在）">普韦布洛语言联盟</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_linguistic_area" class="extiw" title="en:Pueblo linguistic area">Pueblo linguistic area</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanoan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanoan languages（页面不存在）">Tanoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tanoan languages">Tanoan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keres_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keres language（页面不存在）">Keres language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keres_language" class="extiw" title="en:Keres language">Keres language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuni_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuni language（页面不存在）">Zuni language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuni_language" class="extiw" title="en:Zuni language">Zuni language</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中部美洲语言联盟（页面不存在）">中部美洲语言联盟</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Mesoamerican languages">Mesoamerican languages</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%9B%85%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="馬雅語系">馬雅語系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E8%B5%AB-%E7%B4%A2%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米赫-索克语系（页面不存在）">米赫-索克语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixe%E2%80%93Zoque_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Mixe–Zoque languages">Mixe–Zoque languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%89%98-%E6%9B%BC%E6%A0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="歐托-曼格語系">歐托-曼格語系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E6%89%98%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托托纳卡语系（页面不存在）">托托纳卡语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totonacan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Totonacan languages">Totonacan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E9%9F%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦韦语（页面不存在）">瓦韦语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huave_language" class="extiw" title="en:Huave language">Huave language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E4%BD%A9%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="普雷佩查语">普雷佩查语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xincan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xincan languages（页面不存在）">Xincan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xincan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Xincan languages">Xincan languages</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding: 0.35em 1.0em; line-height: 1.1em; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="美洲原住民語言">南美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoque%E2%80%93Urequena_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoque–Urequena languages（页面不存在）">Andoque–Urequena languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andoque%E2%80%93Urequena_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Andoque–Urequena languages">Andoque–Urequena languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arawan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arawan languages（页面不存在）">Arawan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arawan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Arawan languages">Arawan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%B3%E5%9D%8E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="阿劳坎语系">阿劳坎语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="阿拉瓦克語族">阿拉瓦克語族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arutani%E2%80%93Sape_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arutani–Sape languages（页面不存在）">Arutani–Sape languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arutani%E2%80%93Sape_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Arutani–Sape languages">Arutani–Sape languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aymaran_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aymaran languages（页面不存在）">Aymaran languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aymaran_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Aymaran languages">Aymaran languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbacoan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbacoan languages（页面不存在）">Barbacoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbacoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Barbacoan languages">Barbacoan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catacaoan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catacaoan languages（页面不存在）">Catacaoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catacaoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Catacaoan languages">Catacaoan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wamo%E2%80%93Chapakura_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wamo–Chapakura languages（页面不存在）">Wamo–Chapakura languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wamo%E2%80%93Chapakura_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Wamo–Chapakura languages">Wamo–Chapakura languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapacuran_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chapacuran languages（页面不存在）">Chapacuran languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapacuran_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Chapacuran languages">Chapacuran languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guamo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guamo language（页面不存在）">Guamo language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guamo_language" class="extiw" title="en:Guamo language">Guamo language</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charruan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charruan languages（页面不存在）">Charruan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charruan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Charruan languages">Charruan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choco_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choco languages（页面不存在）">Choco languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choco_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Choco languages">Choco languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Panoan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Panoan languages（页面不存在）">Macro-Panoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-Panoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Panoan languages">Macro-Panoan languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E8%AF%BA-%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕诺-塔卡纳语系（页面不存在）">帕诺-塔卡纳语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pano-Tacanan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Pano-Tacanan languages">Pano-Tacanan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moseten%E2%80%93Chonan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moseten–Chonan languages（页面不存在）">Moseten–Chonan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moseten%E2%80%93Chonan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Moseten–Chonan languages">Moseten–Chonan languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimane_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimane language（页面不存在）">Chimane language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimane_language" class="extiw" title="en:Chimane language">Chimane language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chonan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chonan languages（页面不存在）">Chonan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chonan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Chonan languages">Chonan languages</a>）</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guajiboan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guajiboan languages（页面不存在）">Guajiboan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guajiboan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Guajiboan languages">Guajiboan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har%C3%A1kmbut%E2%80%93Katukinan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harákmbut–Katukinan languages（页面不存在）">Harákmbut–Katukinan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har%C3%A1kmbut%E2%80%93Katukinan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Harákmbut–Katukinan languages">Harákmbut–Katukinan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jirajaran_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jirajaran languages（页面不存在）">Jirajaran languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirajaran_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Jirajaran languages">Jirajaran languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Jibaro_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Jibaro languages（页面不存在）">Macro-Jibaro languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-Jibaro_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Jibaro languages">Macro-Jibaro languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicham_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chicham languages（页面不存在）">Chicham languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicham_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Chicham languages">Chicham languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahuapanan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahuapanan languages（页面不存在）">Cahuapanan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahuapanan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Cahuapanan languages">Cahuapanan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urarina_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urarina language（页面不存在）">Urarina language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urarina_language" class="extiw" title="en:Urarina language">Urarina language</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katembri%E2%80%93Taruma_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katembri–Taruma languages（页面不存在）">Katembri–Taruma languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katembri%E2%80%93Taruma_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Katembri–Taruma languages">Katembri–Taruma languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mascoian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mascoian languages（页面不存在）">Mascoian languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascoian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Mascoian languages">Mascoian languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataco%E2%80%93Guaicuru_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataco–Guaicuru languages（页面不存在）">Mataco–Guaicuru languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataco%E2%80%93Guaicuru_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Mataco–Guaicuru languages">Mataco–Guaicuru languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matacoan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matacoan languages（页面不存在）">Matacoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matacoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Matacoan languages">Matacoan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%9C%E4%BC%8A%E5%BA%93%E9%B2%81%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓜伊库鲁亚语系（页面不存在）">瓜伊库鲁亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaicuruan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Guaicuruan languages">Guaicuruan languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Puinavean_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Puinavean languages（页面不存在）">Macro-Puinavean languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-Puinavean_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Puinavean languages">Macro-Puinavean languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadahup_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadahup languages（页面不存在）">Nadahup languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadahup_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Nadahup languages">Nadahup languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puinave_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puinave language（页面不存在）">Puinave language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puinave_language" class="extiw" title="en:Puinave language">Puinave language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukak_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukak language（页面不存在）">Nukak language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukak_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nukak language">Nukak language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maku_language_of_Auari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maku language of Auari（页面不存在）">Maku language of Auari</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maku_language_of_Auari" class="extiw" title="en:Maku language of Auari">Maku language of Auari</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nambikwaran_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nambikwaran languages（页面不存在）">Nambikwaran languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambikwaran_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Nambikwaran languages">Nambikwaran languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Otom%C3%A1koan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Otomákoan languages（页面不存在）">Macro-Otomákoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-Otom%C3%A1koan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Otomákoan languages">Macro-Otomákoan languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otom%C3%A1koan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otomákoan languages（页面不存在）">Otomákoan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otom%C3%A1koan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Otomákoan languages">Otomákoan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trumai_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trumai language（页面不存在）">Trumai language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumai_language" class="extiw" title="en:Trumai language">Trumai language</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%98%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="克丘亞語">克丘亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duho_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duho languages（页面不存在）">Duho languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duho_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Duho languages">Duho languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna%E2%80%93Yuri_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ticuna–Yuri languages（页面不存在）">Ticuna–Yuri languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticuna%E2%80%93Yuri_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Ticuna–Yuri languages">Ticuna–Yuri languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hod%C3%AF_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hodï language（页面不存在）">Hodï language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hod%C3%AF_language" class="extiw" title="en:Hodï language">Hodï language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betoi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betoi language（页面不存在）">Betoi language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betoi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Betoi language">Betoi language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piaroa%E2%80%93Saliban_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piaroa–Saliban languages（页面不存在）">Piaroa–Saliban languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaroa%E2%80%93Saliban_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Piaroa–Saliban languages">Piaroa–Saliban languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timotean_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timotean languages（页面不存在）">Timotean languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timotean_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Timotean languages">Timotean languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiniguan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiniguan languages（页面不存在）">Tiniguan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniguan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tiniguan languages">Tiniguan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%8D%A1%E8%AB%BE%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="圖卡諾安語系">圖卡諾安語系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uru%E2%80%93Chipaya_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uru–Chipaya languages（页面不存在）">Uru–Chipaya languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uru%E2%80%93Chipaya_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Uru–Chipaya languages">Uru–Chipaya languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanomaman_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanomaman languages（页面不存在）">Yanomaman languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanomaman_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Yanomaman languages">Yanomaman languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E7%A9%86%E7%A7%91%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="扎穆科语系">扎穆科语系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saparo%E2%80%93Yawan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saparo–Yawan languages（页面不存在）">Saparo–Yawan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saparo%E2%80%93Yawan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Saparo–Yawan languages">Saparo–Yawan languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%95%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨帕罗亚语系（页面不存在）">萨帕罗亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaparoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Zaparoan languages">Zaparoan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peba%E2%80%93Yaguan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peba–Yaguan languages（页面不存在）">Peba–Yaguan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peba%E2%80%93Yaguan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Peba–Yaguan languages">Peba–Yaguan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omurano_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omurano language（页面不存在）">Omurano language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omurano_language" class="extiw" title="en:Omurano language">Omurano language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taushiro_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taushiro language（页面不存在）">Taushiro language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taushiro_language" class="extiw" title="en:Taushiro language">Taushiro language</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%8B%89-%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%98%E6%89%98%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="博拉-维托托语系">博拉-维托托语系</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博拉语系（页面不存在）">博拉语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Boran languages">Boran languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%98%E6%89%98%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维托托语系（页面不存在）">维托托语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witotoan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Witotoan languages">Witotoan languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%A9%86%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="奇穆语系">奇穆语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%85%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE-%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="埃斯梅拉达-雅鲁罗语系">埃斯梅拉达-雅鲁罗语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%98%E2%80%93%E4%B9%94%E9%9A%86%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="希维托–乔隆语系">希比托–乔隆语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E8%8E%B1%E2%80%93%E6%AF%94%E8%8E%B1%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="卢莱–比莱拉语系">卢莱–比莱拉语系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD-%E5%9B%BE%E7%9A%AE-%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热-图皮-加勒比语系（页面不存在）">热-图皮-加勒比语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%E2%80%93Tupi%E2%80%93Carib_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Je–Tupi–Carib languages">Je–Tupi–Carib languages</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E7%83%AD%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大热语系（页面不存在）">大热语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-J%C3%AA_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Macro-Jê languages">Macro-Jê languages</a>） <ul><li>可能含<a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiquitano_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiquitano language（页面不存在）">Chiquitano language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiquitano_language" class="extiw" title="en:Chiquitano language">Chiquitano language</a>）*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fulni%C3%B4_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fulniô language（页面不存在）">Fulniô language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulni%C3%B4_language" class="extiw" title="en:Fulniô language">Fulniô language</a>）*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guat%C3%B3_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guató language（页面不存在）">Guató language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guat%C3%B3_language" class="extiw" title="en:Guató language">Guató language</a>）*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E7%9A%AE%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="图皮语系">图皮语系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加勒比亚语系（页面不存在）">加勒比亚语系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cariban_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Cariban languages">Cariban languages</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequiraca%E2%80%93Canichana_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tequiraca–Canichana languages（页面不存在）">Tequiraca–Canichana languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequiraca%E2%80%93Canichana_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tequiraca–Canichana languages">Tequiraca–Canichana languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aikan%C3%A3_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aikanã language（页面不存在）">Aikanã language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikan%C3%A3_language" class="extiw" title="en:Aikanã language">Aikanã language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alacalufan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alacalufan languages（页面不存在）">Alacalufan languages</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alacalufan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Alacalufan languages">Alacalufan languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cams%C3%A1_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camsá language（页面不存在）">Camsá language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cams%C3%A1_language" class="extiw" title="en:Camsá language">Camsá language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candoshi-Shapra_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candoshi-Shapra language（页面不存在）">Candoshi-Shapra language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candoshi-Shapra_language" class="extiw" title="en:Candoshi-Shapra language">Candoshi-Shapra language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="阿依语">阿依语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irantxe_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irantxe language（页面不存在）">Irantxe language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irantxe_language" class="extiw" title="en:Irantxe language">Irantxe language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itonama_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itonama language（页面不存在）">Itonama language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itonama_language" class="extiw" title="en:Itonama language">Itonama language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunza_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunza language（页面不存在）">Kunza language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunza_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kunza language">Kunza language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leco_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leco language（页面不存在）">Leco language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leco_language" class="extiw" title="en:Leco language">Leco language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Movima_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movima language（页面不存在）">Movima language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movima_language" class="extiw" title="en:Movima language">Movima language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆拉语（页面不存在）">穆拉语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mura_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mura language">Mura language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="纳萨语">纳萨语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%A5%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦奥语">瓦奥语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warao_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warao language（页面不存在）">Warao language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warao_language" class="extiw" title="en:Warao language">Warao language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahgan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahgan language（页面不存在）">Yahgan language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahgan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yahgan language">Yahgan language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuracar%C3%A9_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuracaré language（页面不存在）">Yuracaré language</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuracar%C3%A9_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yuracaré language">Yuracaré language</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li>黄色背景：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="语言联盟">语言的区域分类</a>，语言间没有亲属关系</li><li>斜体：有争议的分类</li><li>星号：有观点认为不属于上级分类</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21200#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21200#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21200#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4576731">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947338w">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947338w">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4113716-4">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565428305171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85054438">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000048562&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120557&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></li></ul> 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