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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>方言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理分布" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理分布"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>地理分布</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理分布-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理分布子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理分布-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英语国家人数排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英语国家人数排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>英语国家人数排名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英语国家人数排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-汉族为主地域分述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汉族为主地域分述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>汉族为主地域分述</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-汉族为主地域分述-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关汉族为主地域分述子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-汉族为主地域分述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英語作为外語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英語作为外語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>英語作为外語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英語作为外語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國大陸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國大陸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>中國大陸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國大陸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳门" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳门"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>澳门</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳门-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-英語作为法定語文之一" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英語作为法定語文之一"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>英語作为法定語文之一</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英語作为法定語文之一-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-新加坡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新加坡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>新加坡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新加坡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>音系</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>语法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词汇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词汇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>词汇</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-词汇-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关词汇子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-词汇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-詞彙量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詞彙量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>詞彙量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-詞彙量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>词源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>文字</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文字-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文字子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-正寫法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#正寫法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>正寫法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-正寫法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-標音符號" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#標音符號"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>標音符號</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-標音符號-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地英语测验" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地英语测验"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>各地英语测验</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地英语测验-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地英语测验子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地英语测验-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>英國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-台灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>台灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國大陸_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國大陸_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>中國大陸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國大陸_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>参考书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">英语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。308种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-308" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">308种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Англыз бызшәа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Англыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggr%C3%A9h" title="Basa Inggréh – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Basa Inggréh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Инджылызыбзэ – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Инджылызыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="እንግሊዝኛ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንግሊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiris_a_sowal" title="Ikiris a sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ikiris a sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_angl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma anglés – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma anglés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwenglisc_spr%C3%A6c" title="Niwenglisc spræc – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niwenglisc spræc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الإنجليزية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الإنجليزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نݣليزية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نݣليزية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89" title="انجليزى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجليزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma inglés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Ингилис мацӀ – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ингилис мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlish_aru" title="Inlish aru – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Inlish aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngilis_dili" title="İngilis dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İngilis dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اینگیلیس دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینگیلیس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Инглиз теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sproch" title="Englische Sproch – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Englische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onglu_kalba" title="Onglu kalba – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Inggris" title="Hata Inggris – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Inggris" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Ingles" title="Tataramon na Ingles – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Ingles" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійская мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Англійская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ангельская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ангельская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Английски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="अंग्रेजी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंग्रेजी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis" title="Inglis – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Inglis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AB" title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angil%C9%9Bkan" title="Angilɛkan – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Angilɛkan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইংরেজি ভাষা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইংরেজি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="དབྱིན་ཡིག – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱིན་ཡིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইংরেজি ঠার – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইংরেজি ঠার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saozneg" title="Saozneg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saozneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Inggeris" title="Saro Inggeris – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%85%E1%A8%94_%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8B%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97" title="ᨅᨔ ᨕᨗᨋᨗᨔᨗ – 布吉语" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨅᨔ ᨕᨗᨋᨗᨔᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="布吉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Англи хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Англи хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anglès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Ingl%C3%A9s" title="Lengua Inglés – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lengua Inglés" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%ACng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ĭng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ингалсан мотт – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ингалсан мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iningles" title="Iningles – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iningles" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A9%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8F_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9%27ho%27%C3%A9nestse" title="Vé'ho'énestse – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vé'ho'énestse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئینگلیزی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئینگلیزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua inglese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngliz_tili" title="İngliz tili – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İngliz tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C4%8Dtina" title="Angličtina – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Angličtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anielsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Anielsczi jãzëk – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Anielsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Англїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Англїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Акăлчан чĕлхи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Акăлчан чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saesneg" title="Saesneg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saesneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_(sprog)" title="Engelsk (sprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Engelsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliminsili" title="Siliminsili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Siliminsili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ng%C4%B1l%C4%B1zki" title="İngılızki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İngılızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Engelšćina – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Engelšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Inggeris" title="Boros Inggeris – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङरेजी भाषा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अङरेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8" title="އިނގިރޭސި – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިނގިރޭސި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A4" title="ཨིང་ལིཤ – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨིང་ལིཤ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%8Blisigbe" title="Eŋlisigbe – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Eŋlisigbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αγγλική γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγλική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9s" title="Inglés – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Inglés" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="English language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Angla lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma inglés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglise_keel" title="Inglise keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inglise keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ingresa" title="Lengua ingresa – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua ingresa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان انگلیسی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان انگلیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englannin_kieli" title="Englannin kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englannin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%BCse_kiil" title="Inglüse kiil – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inglüse kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosa_Vakavalagi" title="Vosa Vakavalagi – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vosa Vakavalagi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Enskt mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Enskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anglais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angll%C3%A8s" title="Angllès – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Angllès" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelsk_spriak" title="Ingelsk spriak – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ingelsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_inglese" title="Lenghe inglese – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe inglese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelsk" title="Ingelsk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ingelsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_B%C3%A9arla" title="An Béarla – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Béarla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngiliz_dili" title="İngiliz dili – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İngiliz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anngl%C3%A9" title="Annglé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Annglé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beurla" title="Beurla – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beurla" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="اينگيليسي زوؤن – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اينگيليسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingle%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Ingleñe'ẽ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ingleñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglez" title="Inglez – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Inglez" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="અંગ્રેજી ભાષા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અંગ્રેજી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink%C3%BCleenaiki" title="Inküleenaiki – 瓦尤文" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Inküleenaiki" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="瓦尤文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarle" title="Baarle – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Baarle" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turanci" title="Turanci – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AEn-ng%C3%AE" title="Yîn-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yîn-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Pelekania" title="ʻŌlelo Pelekania – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Pelekania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנגלית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेज़ी भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंग्रेज़ी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_bhasa" title="English bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="English bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jend%C5%BAel%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Jendźelšćina – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jendźelšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_angle" title="Lang angle – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang angle" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angol_nyelv" title="Angol nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angol nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Անգլերեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգլերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Անգլերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անգլերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_anglese" title="Lingua anglese – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua anglese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Inggeris" title="Jaku Inggeris – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglesi" title="Anglesi – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Anglesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Bekee" title="Asụsụ Bekee – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Bekee" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalua%C4%A1miutun" title="Naluaġmiutun – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Naluaġmiutun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Ingles" title="Pagsasao nga Ingles – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Ingles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ингалсий мотт – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ингалсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angla_linguo" title="Angla linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Angla linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enska" title="Enska – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Enska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua inglese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%96%83%E1%93%AA%E1%93%97%E1%93%88%E1%91%8E%E1%91%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingglish" title="Ingglish – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ingglish" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/glibau" title="glibau – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="glibau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ინგლისური ენა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლისური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis_tili" title="Inglis tili – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Inglis tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglizit" title="Taglizit – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taglizit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Инджылыбзэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Инджылыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engl%C9%A9s%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shong_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Shong (a̱lyem) – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Shong (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingelezi" title="Kingelezi – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kingelezi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ағылшын тілі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағылшын тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuluttut" title="Tuluttut – 格陵兰语" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Tuluttut" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Инглиш кыв – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Инглиш кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Ингилиз тил – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ингилиз тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اَنٛگریٖزی زَبان – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَنٛگریٖزی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84nglische_Sproch" title="Änglische Sproch – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Änglische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_ingl%C3%AEz%C3%AE" title="Zimanê inglîzî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê inglîzî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Англичан кыв – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Англичан кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowsnek" title="Sowsnek – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sowsnek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Англис тили – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Англис тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Anglica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ingleza" title="Lingua ingleza – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua ingleza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englesch" title="Englesch – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Englesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ингилис маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ингилис маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Инглис чӀал – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Инглис чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engles_(lingua)" title="Engles (lingua) – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Engles (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungereza" title="Lungereza – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Lungereza" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingels" title="Ingels – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ingels" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8ngoa_ingleise" title="Lèngoa ingleise – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lèngoa ingleise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_ngl%C3%ABisc" title="Lingaz nglëisc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz nglëisc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_inglesa" title="Lengua inglesa – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C9%9Bl%C9%9B%CC%81sa" title="Lingɛlɛ́sa – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lingɛlɛ́sa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ພາສາອັງກິດ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Anglīšu volūda – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Anglīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Angļu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2sa_Inggris" title="Bhâsa Inggris – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Англань кяль – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Англань кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_anglisy" title="Fiteny anglisy – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny anglisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Англичан йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Англичан йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Reo Pākehā – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Pākehā" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Inggirih" title="Bahaso Inggirih – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Inggirih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Англиски јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Англиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Англи хэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Англи хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इंग्रजी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्रजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Англ йӹлмӹ – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Англ йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Ingli%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ingliża – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Ingliża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ngua_anglesa" title="Léngua anglesa – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Léngua anglesa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Англань кель – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Англань кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اینگلیسی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ngrese" title="Lengua ngrese – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua ngrese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsche_Spraak" title="Engelsche Spraak – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Engelsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English – 恩东加语" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="恩东加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oshiwambo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Inggris" title="Li Inggris – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Li Inggris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Engelsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Engelsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglum" title="Anglum – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Anglum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliais" title="Angliais – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Angliais" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seisimane" title="Seisimane – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Seisimane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilag%C3%A1ana_bizaad" title="Bilagáana bizaad – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilagáana bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingerezi" title="Chingerezi – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chingerezi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anglés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglien_kieli" title="Anglien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Anglien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaan_Ingiliish" title="Afaan Ingiliish – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afaan Ingiliish" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Англисаг æвзаг – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Англисаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Ingles" title="Salitan Ingles – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Ingles" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Ingles" title="Amanung Ingles – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Ingles" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingles" title="Ingles – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ingles" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9" title="Inglé – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Inglé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_langwej" title="English langwej – 尼日利亚皮钦语" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="English langwej" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="尼日利亚皮钦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Schprooch" title="Englische Schprooch – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Englische Schprooch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80ngalabh%C4%81s%C4%81" title="Āngalabhāsā – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="Āngalabhāsā" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglish" title="Inglish – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Inglish" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język angielski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_angl%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga anglèisa – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga anglèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="انگریزی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگریزی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="انګرېزي – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انګرېزي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlis_simi" title="Inlis simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inlis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_englaisa" title="Lingua englaisa – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua englaisa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba engleză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_anglicheasc%C3%A3" title="Limba anglicheascã – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba anglicheascã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_%27nglese" title="Lènga 'nglese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga 'nglese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Английский язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Английский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Анґліцькый язык – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Анґліцькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyongereza" title="Icyongereza – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyongereza" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आङ्ग्लभाषा – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आङ्ग्लभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ааҥыл тыла – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ааҥыл тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_inglesa" title="Limba inglesa – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba inglesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ngrisa" title="Lingua ngrisa – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua ngrisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis_leid" title="Inglis leid – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Inglis leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="انگريزي ٻولي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگريزي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ea%C5%8Bgalsgiella" title="Eaŋgalsgiella – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eaŋgalsgiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%ABe" title="Anglëe – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Anglëe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tanglizt" title="Tutlayt Tanglizt – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tanglizt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="လိၵ်ႈဢင်းၵိတ်ႉ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လိၵ်ႈဢင်းၵိတ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="English language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C4%8Dtina" title="Angličtina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Angličtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="انگریزی – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="انگریزی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Angleščina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Angleščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Peretania" title="Faʻa Peretania – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Peretania" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%8Bg%C3%A2l%C3%A2skiel%C3%A2" title="Eŋgâlâskielâ – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eŋgâlâskielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirungu" title="Chirungu – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirungu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ingiriisi" title="Af-Ingiriisi – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ingiriisi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_angleze" title="Gjuha angleze – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha angleze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Енглески језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енглески језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingristongo" title="Ingristongo – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ingristongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADNg%C3%ADsi" title="SíNgísi – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíNgísi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyesemane" title="Senyesemane – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Senyesemane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ngelske_Sproake" title="Ängelske Sproake – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ängelske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Engelska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelsko_godka" title="Angelsko godka – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Angelsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆங்கிலம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆங்கிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಬಾಸೆ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%91%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%9F%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A3_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%96" title="ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="ఇంగ్లీషు భాష – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంగ్లీషు భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони инглисӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони инглисӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B_%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%88lis_dili" title="Iňlis dili – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Iňlis dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ingles" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglisi_zyvon" title="Inglisi zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Inglisi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekgowa" title="Sekgowa – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sekgowa" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakapilit%C4%81nia" title="Lea fakapilitānia – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakapilitānia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokples_Inglis" title="Tokples Inglis – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tokples Inglis" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İngilizce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Dame" title="Kari Dame – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Dame" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinghezi" title="Xinghezi – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Xinghezi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инглиз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChiZungu" title="ChiZungu – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="ChiZungu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C9%94fo" title="Brɔfo – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Brɔfo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Parat%C4%81ne" title="Reo Paratāne – 塔希提语" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Paratāne" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="塔希提语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Англи дыл – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Англи дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Англи кыл – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Англи кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئىنگلىز تىلى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىنگلىز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійська мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Англійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انگریزی زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انگریزی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ingliz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English – 文达语" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="文达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ingleze" title="Łéngua ingleze – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ingleze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglijan_kel%27" title="Anglijan kel' – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Anglijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh" title="Tiếng Anh – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengels" title="Iengels – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iengels" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingl%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Linglänapük – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Linglänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Inglès (lingaedje) – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inglès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ininglis" title="Ininglis – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ininglis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-angalteer" title="Wu-angalteer – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wu-angalteer" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Инглишин келн – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Инглишин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNgesi" title="IsiNgesi – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiNgesi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ინგლისური ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინგლისური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9" title="ענגליש – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענגליש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_G%E1%BA%B9%CC%80%E1%BA%B9%CC%81s%C3%AC" title="Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Yinghgoz" title="Vah Yinghgoz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Yinghgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengels" title="Iengels – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iengels" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-g%C3%AD" title="Eng-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNgisi" title="IsiNgisi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiNgisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1860#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li 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id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:English_language" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" hreflang="zh"><span>维基教科书</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1002" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%9D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1860" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> 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.ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a 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infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">英語</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">English</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">发音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/：後面為主重音">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/：「kit」的「i」音">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/：「sing」的「ng」音">ŋ</span><span title="/ɡ/：「guy」的「g」音">ɡ</span><span title="「lie」的「l」音">l</span><span title="/ɪ/：「kit」的「i」音">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/：「shy」的「sh」音">ʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxfordLearner'sDictionary2015Entry:_[httpwwwoxfordlearnersdictionariescomuspronunciationenglishenglish_1_English_–_Pronunciation]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxfordLearner'sDictionary2015Entry:_[httpwwwoxfordlearnersdictionariescomuspronunciationenglishenglish_1_English_–_Pronunciation]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">起源于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="北欧">北欧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a><br />现今遍布全球（见<a href="#地理分布">“地理分布”一节</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">3.6亿－4亿 （2006）<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2006424–426_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2006424–426-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="第二语言">第二语言使用者</a>：4亿；<br />作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD" title="外语">外语</a>使用者：6亿－7亿<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2006424–426_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2006424–426-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%83%E5%85%A7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="因格沃內語">因格沃內語</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格鲁-弗里西语组">盎格鲁-弗里西语组</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英语组" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anglic languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英语组（页面不存在）">英语组</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Anglic languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anglic languages</span></a></span>）</span></span><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>英語</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">早期形式</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:2em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>英語</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="英文字母">英文字母</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="英语盲文">英语盲文</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><span class="wrap"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手语形式</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%BF%E7%A0%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英文手势码（页面不存在）">英文手势码</a><br />（多种系统）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英语国家和地区列表">67个国家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英语国家和地区列表">27个地区</a><br /></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div>多个组织</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="英联邦">英联邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲委员会">欧洲委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="国际刑事法院">国际刑事法院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="国际奥林匹克委员会">国际奥林匹克委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际标准化组织">国际标准化组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="北美自由贸易协议">北美自由贸易协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="美洲国家组织">美洲国家组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作与发展组织">经济合作与发展组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="伊斯兰合作组织">伊斯兰合作组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="石油输出国组织">石油输出国组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="古阿姆民主和经济发展组织">古阿姆民主和经济发展组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%B2%9B%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" title="太平洋岛国论坛">太平洋岛国论坛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BE%8E%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="英美協定">英美协定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="东南亚国家联盟">东南亚国家联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="南亚区域合作联盟">南亚区域合作联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="突厥議會">突厥议会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作组织">经济合作组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="亚洲基础设施投资银行">亚洲基础设施投资银行</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=en">en</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/eng" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:eng">eng</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/eng" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:eng">eng</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/stan1293">stan1293</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9E%AD%E6%9C%9B%E7%AB%99" title="语言瞭望站">语言瞭望站</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>52-ABA</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglospeak_(subnational_version).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/300px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/450px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/600px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="1064" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">英語國家及地區<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#004288; color:white;"> </span> 以英语为官方語言和母语</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#79c1ff; color:black;"> </span> 以英语为官方语言但非母语</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#ddddff;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>本条目包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">国际音标</a>符号。</b>部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" title="网页浏览器">浏览器</a>需要<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%87%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Help:特殊字母與符號">特殊字母与符号支持</a>才能正確显示，否则可能显示为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">乱码</a>、问号、空格等其它符号。</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>英語</b>（英語：<span lang="en">English</span>），又称<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源"><b>英吉利語</b>、<b>英倫語</b>、<b>英格蘭語</b></mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>，是源自<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>地區的一支<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語言</a>，是目前全球使用最廣泛的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語</a>（至少70%的日耳曼語使用者是在說英語），也是使用範圍最廣的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語言">印歐語言</a>。英語是世界上<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="以母語人口排序的語言列表">母語人口第三多的語言</a>（僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEthnologue2010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEthnologue2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="英語國家和地區列表">近六十個國家</a>将其做為唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="官方語言">官方語言</a>或主要官方語言之一，是全世界官方使用最多的語言。英語也是至今唯一具有全球<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語">通用語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="世界語言">世界語言</a>地位的語言<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardhaugh201055_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardhaugh201055-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B0%91%E8%88%AA%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="國際民航組織">國際民航組織</a>和許多其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="國際組織">國際組織</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="官方語言">官方語言</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="法通语">法通语</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，也是學習者最多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="外語">外語</a>。 </p><p>现今使用英語为<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="第一语言">第一语言</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>主要是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝国</a>及其<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E4%BA%BA_(%E5%A7%94%E5%A9%89%E8%AF%AD)" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊人 (委婉语)">盎格鲁-萨克逊裔</a>居多的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="海外属地">海外属地</a>的后代，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0" title="新西兰">新西兰</a>，在曾是殖民地但已经独立建国的<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="加勒比地區">加勒比</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南亞">南亞</a>的部分地區也被廣泛使用<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b108–109_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b108–109-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这些国家和地区一起组成了现在的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="英语世界">英语世界</a>，其中最核心的英、美、加、澳、新五国因其<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="外交">外交</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="意识形态">意识形态</a>上的紧密性与一致性也被统称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%88" title="英语圈">英语圈</a>。 </p><p>“English”一詞源自於公元5世紀開始遷居<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E5%B3%B6" title="大不列顛島">大不列顛島</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼</a>部落<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="盎格魯人">盎格魯人</a>（<span lang="en">Angles</span>）之名，而“Angles”由<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="日德兰半岛">日德蘭半島</a>東南岸瀕臨<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>的盎格里亞半島（<span lang="en">Anglia</span>）的名稱衍生，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="古日耳曼语">古日耳曼语</a>中意思是“彎勾”或“狹窄”。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a>是與英語最相似的語言，而同屬<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF-%E8%8F%B2%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E7%B5%84" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格魯-菲士蘭語組">盎格魯-菲士蘭語組</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弗里西亚语">弗里西亞語</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="不列顛群島">不列顛群島</a>外與英語親缘最近的語言。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a>源自於<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="日德兰半岛">日德蘭半島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="莱茵河">莱茵河</a>流域的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="北海日耳曼語">北海日耳曼語</a>，作為獨立<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="語支">語支</a>有1400多年的發展史。公元5世紀，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="盎格魯-撒克遜人">盎格魯-撒克遜人</a>趁<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="西罗马">西羅馬</a>滅亡渡海入侵<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="不列顛行省">不列顛行省</a>並征服當地原住民<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="凱爾特布立吞人">布立吞人</a>，他們的各種<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格魯-弗里西語">盎格鲁-弗里西語</a>方言（稱作<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格魯-撒克遜語">盎格鲁-撒克遜語</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古英語">古英語</a>）取代<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%B6%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="海島凱爾特語">海島凱爾特語</a>成為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E5%B3%B6" title="大不列顛島">大不列顛島</a>上的主流語言，开启了<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰">盎格鲁-撒克遜英格蘭</a>時期。之后因為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="七國時代">盎格鲁-撒克遜七國</a>先後<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8C%96" title="基督教化">基督教化</a>，古英語受到少量<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="教会拉丁语">教会拉丁语</a>的影響。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪早期">中世紀早期</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="維京時代">維京時代</a>因為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥法區">丹麥法區</a>建立，英語詞彙受到 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="北日耳曼语">北日耳曼語</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a>的大量影響，並開始向著更<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%AD" title="分析语">分析語</a>化的方向發展。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀中期">中世紀中期</a>，英语在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="诺曼征服英格兰">諾曼征服英格蘭</a>后开始受到<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼語族">羅曼語族</a>（特别是<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼法语">諾曼法語</a>）的深度影响演变出了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古英語">中古英語</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b30_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b30-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a>又受到了一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="新拉丁语">新拉丁语</a>的影響<sup id="cite_ref-Wolff_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolff-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。15世紀初，倫敦對<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%BA" title="印刷机">印刷機</a>的採用、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E7%89%88%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="欽定版聖經">欽定版聖經</a>》的出版及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="元音大推移">元音大推移</a>標誌了<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a>的開端<sup id="cite_ref-#1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大航海时代">大航海时代</a>后，英国通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E6%B5%B7%E6%AC%8A" title="制海權">制海权</a>优势和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第一次工业革命">第一次工业革命</a>建立了庞大的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="殖民主义">殖民主义</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%8D%E8%90%BD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="日不落帝国">日不落帝国</a>并對全球施加政治和文化影響，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="現代英語">現代英語</a>在17至20世紀傳播并逐渐成为全球化的通用语。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>後同属英语国家的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>取代了英国的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="超級大國">超級大國</a>地位，以其強大的軍事、經濟和科技實力伴隨著傳播媒體及大眾流行文化，使得英語已經成為國際對話中居領導地位的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="世界語言">世界語言</a>，已经許多行業（如科研、導航、法律等）的通用語<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English2015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>作為一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AF%AD" title="屈折语">屈折語</a>，英語<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E5%BD%A2" title="词形">词形</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="屈折變化">屈折變化</a>却相比其他很多<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="综合语">综合语</a>較少，反而更多依靠<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="助動詞">助動詞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">語序</a>來表達複雜的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81" title="时态">時態</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="体 (语法)">語體</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="語氣">語氣</a>，是一種比较簡化的屈折語。英語的各種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="口音">口音</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="語音學">發音</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="音位學">音位</a>方面雖然有顯著差異，而且有时<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="詞彙">詞彙</a>（特别是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="俚语">俚语</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="語法">語法</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E5%AF%AB" title="拼寫">拼写</a>习惯也非常不同，但世界各地說英語的人基本上能做到<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" title="相互理解性">無礙溝通交流</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="英语史">英语史</a></div> <p>早期<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a>西支部落（盎格魯族、撒克遜族、朱特族和弗里西族）移民到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>，英語就是從他們的語言中變化繼承下來的。據《盎格魯撒克遜編年史》記載，449年左右，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="不列顛群島">不列顛群島</a>國王<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伏提庚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vortigern"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8F%E6%8F%90%E5%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伏提庚（页面不存在）">伏提庚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortigern" class="extiw" title="en:Vortigern"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vortigern</span></a></span>）</span></span>邀請“盎格魯親戚們”，希望來幫助他對抗皮克特人，於是他賜予盎格魯族東南部的領土作為回報。隨後他又進一步尋求支援，撒克遜族、盎格魯族與朱特族人便紛紛前來。《編年史》記載，最終這些“移民”建立七個王國：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%A3%AE%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾森布里亞">諾森布里亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="默西亞王國">麥西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東盎格利亞">東盎格利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="肯特王國">肯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="埃塞克斯王國">埃塞克斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="苏塞克斯">蘇塞克斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="薩塞克斯王國">威塞克斯</a>。 </p><p>5世纪时<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a>入侵後，到了7世纪，盎格鲁语言逐渐取代了当地<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="不列顛行省">罗马殖民者</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="不列颠拉丁语">不列颠拉丁语</a>和原住民<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="凱爾特布立吞人">布立吞人</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%B6%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="海島凱爾特語">海岛凯尔特语</a>。英格兰、英语這两个個詞是從“盎格魯”發展而來的。 </p><p>公元九世紀，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%8D%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯堪的納維亞">斯堪的納維亞</a>的丹麥人大規模侵入英國北部。九世紀末，入侵者幾乎占領整個英國的東半部。丹麥人說的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日爾曼語</a>。北日爾曼語和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="西日耳曼语支">西日爾曼語</a>的詞彙上差別不是很懸殊，為提升溝通程度常替詞形變化有意無意消音，古英語<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%A2%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="詞形變化">屈折變化</a>的融蝕也在此開端。斯堪的納維亞人入侵使大量斯堪的納維亞語（以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a>為代表）的詞彙融進古英語中。古諾斯語和古英語有許多同義同源，型態近似之類語，古英語在丹麥統治下吸收不少古諾斯語詞彙，其中最顯著及最具代表性的，是英語的人稱代名詞，為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a>取代原本古英語詞彙，即北日耳曼語式的代名詞取代英語原本西日耳曼語式代名詞，而演變至今日樣貌。 </p><p>1066年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="諾曼第公爵">諾曼第公爵</a>征服<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%8F%E5%AF%BA" title="西敏寺">西敏寺</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="登基">登基</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%86%95" title="加冕">加冕</a>，史稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E8%80%85%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89" title="征服者威廉">征服者威廉</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="諾曼征服">諾曼征服</a>後三百年內，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="英國君主">英國君主</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族">貴族</a>講一種屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E4%BE%9D%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="奧依語">奧依語</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="古法語">古法語</a>方言<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="盎格鲁-诺曼语">盎格魯-諾曼語</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="教士">教士</a>們則習用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>，<b>古英語</b>淪落為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91" title="平民">平民</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%A5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="農奴">農奴</a>的語言。因重要場合及貴族的使用，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="盎格鲁-诺曼语">盎格魯-諾曼語</a>強烈影響古英語，古英語也因當時地位相對下賤，缺乏對文法規範的重視和約束，迅速大量丟失早期複雜的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%A2%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="詞形變化">曲折變化</a>，進而發展形成<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古英語">中古英語</a>。1500年左右的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="元音大推移">元音大推移</a>將中古英語變形為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代英語">近代英語</a>。古英語其中的文學作品是《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%A5%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%AB" title="貝奧武夫">貝奧武夫</a>》是以古英語記載的傳說中最古老的一篇，在語言學方面也是相當珍貴的文獻。中古英語則是《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E9%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="坎特伯里故事集">坎特伯里故事集</a>》。 </p><p>近代英语在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E5%A3%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="莎士比亚">莎士比亚</a>(逝世1616年4月23日)所处的時期開始繁榮，一些學者將之分為早期近代英語與後期近代英語，分界線為1800年左右。隨著大英帝國對全世界大部分地區的佔領和殖民形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%8D%E8%90%BD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="日不落帝國">日不落帝國</a>，對當地語言也很大程度上影響英語的發展，英語也是自19世紀起成為世界語言，而美國在20世紀取代英國成為世界第一大國的地位後，伴隨美式文化和語言的推廣，英語更加強化其國際上的領導地位，在二戰後亦成為不少新獨立國家的第二語言和官方語言。 </p><p>雖然英語是屬於日耳曼语族的語言，但在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>時期時英語加入大量<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>詞彙，隨著時代演進還加入更多<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>的詞彙，擁有大量<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼語族">羅曼語族</a>起源的借用詞。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84318674">@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-div{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-div mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 4px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1); text-align: center; font-size: 95%; color: inherit;"> <div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color collapsible-title" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ccf; color: var(--color-emphasized,#000); width: 100%; position: relative; ;">英语在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语言史（页面不存在）">语言史</a>中的地位 <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 3px;"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle-placeholder"></span></span> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r78925524">.mw-parser-output .chart-content{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:separate}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .chart-content .ahnentafel{min-width:auto!important;width:100%!important}}</style> <table class="chart-container" title=""> <tbody><tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div 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-moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="阿尔巴尼亚语">阿尔巴尼亚语</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="亚美尼亚语">亚美尼亚语</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方言"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>方言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：方言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英語方言列表">英語方言列表</a></div> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#aaddff; padding: 3px 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英語方言列表">英語</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="基本英语">基本英語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際英語（页面不存在）">國際英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英國英語">英國英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="蘇格蘭英語">蘇格蘭英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="威爾士英語">威爾士英語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英格蘭英語（页面不存在）">英格蘭英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="爱尔兰英语">愛爾蘭英語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中歐斯特英語（页面不存在）">中歐斯特英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="澳大利亚英语">澳大利亚英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="新西兰英语">新西兰英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="加拿大英语">加拿大英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="美国英语">美国英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="非洲裔美国人白话英语">非洲裔美国人白话英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="夏威夷英語">夏威夷英語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高地英語（页面不存在）">高地英語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BE%E6%85%95%E9%81%94%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="百慕達英語（页面不存在）">百慕大英語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牙買加英語（页面不存在）">牙買加英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中式英语">中式英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="印度英语">印度英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="印地英語">印地英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="馬來西亞英語">馬來西亞英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="马来西亚式英语">马来西亚式英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="菲律賓英語">菲律賓英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="新加坡英语">新加坡英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="新加坡式英語">新加坡式英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="利比里亚英语">利比里亚英語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬拉威英語（页面不存在）">马拉维英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="南非英语">南非英语</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>英语是一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="多中心语言">多中心语言</a>，使用範圍極為廣泛，不可避免出現各種地區性變體。<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="語言學家">語言學家</a>已經不再把<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>上層人士的英語作為唯一的標準英語。除<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英國英語">英國英語</a>外，最重大發展的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="美国英语">美國英语</a>和纽澳英语。自从17、18世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="美国英语">美国英语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="加拿大英语">加拿大英语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲英語">澳洲英语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="新西兰英语">新西兰英语</a>开始成为独特的方言。它們也各有自己的地區性的語詞、語法和語音。其他像<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印度英語">印度英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="东南亚英语">東南亞英語</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加勒比地區英語（页面不存在）">加勒比地區英語</a>和非洲某些新興國家的英語，都各自受到当地语言影响、具有語音和詞彙上的特點。 </p><p>英语的主要方言在語音上有明顯差別，拼寫的差別則较小。一般人们以一些学术机构的辞书作为标准的英语，例如《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8" title="牛津英語詞典">牛津英語词典</a>》等。在學術、科技文章方面，来自各国作者使用的是一種共同文體。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>以前，“美式英语”這個術語通常被理解為美國人特有的語詞和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="語法">語法</a>，在当时的一些“純潔主義”的英國文人看来，它不是純正的英文，但到第二次世界大戰前後，“美國式英語”一詞的概念逐漸改變，只指在美國本土上使用的英語，而不論其與英國式英語的異同。在第二次世界大戰以後，由於美國取代英國成為世界第一強國，通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="大眾傳播">大眾傳播</a>媒介迅速發展，美國式英語已反過來對其他方言產生影響，並且正在日益擴大這種影響，電腦軟件也以美國式英語為標準。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理分布"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E5.88.86.E5.B8.83"></span>地理分布</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：地理分布"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint">参见<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英语国家和地区列表">英语国家和地区列表</a>以获取更详尽的列表。</div> <p>由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大英帝國">大英帝國</a>在世界各地有过許多<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>，在現代，英語在許多國家與地區，都是通用語言或官方語言之一： </p> <ol><li>英語在下列國家和地區是第一語言：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="巴哈馬">巴哈馬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭共和國">愛爾蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF" title="巴巴多斯">巴巴多斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%85%95%E5%A4%A7" title="百慕大">百慕大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="圭亞那">圭亞那</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="牙買加">牙買加</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新西蘭">新西蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%8F%8A%E5%B0%BC%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF" title="聖克里斯多福及尼維斯">聖克里斯多福及尼維斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%AB%8B%E5%B0%BC%E9%81%94%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="特立尼達和多巴哥">特立尼達和多巴哥</a>。目前世界上把英語作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="第一語言">第一語言</a>（母語、本國語）人口約有3億。</li> <li>英語在下列國家和地區中是通用語言，這些國家地區包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>（連同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" title="多米尼克">多米尼克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%B7%AF%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="聖路西亞">聖路西亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E5%8F%8A%E6%A0%BC%E7%91%9E%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="聖文森及格瑞那丁">聖文森及格瑞那丁</a>（連同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="密克羅尼西亞聯邦">密克羅尼西亞聯邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭共和國">愛爾蘭</a>（連同<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="愛爾蘭語">愛爾蘭語</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>（連同<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="中文">中文</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="利比里亞">利比里亞</a>（連同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="非洲語言">非洲語言</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>（連同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非荷蘭語">南非荷蘭語</a>和其他非洲語言）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>（連同<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="華語">華語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來語">馬來語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="淡米尔语">淡米尔语</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>（連同<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來語">馬來語</a>）。作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="第二語言">第二語言</a>（即不是母語，但為所在國的共通語）使用的人口約有2.5億。</li> <li>英語是下列國家和地區的官方語言（之一），但不是本地語言和共通語言：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%BF%9F" title="斐濟">斐濟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="加納">加納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="岡比亞">岡比亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="基里巴斯">基里巴斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="萊索托">萊索托</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="肯尼亞">肯尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="納米比亞">納米比亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="尼日利亞">尼日利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="馬耳他">馬耳他</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%B9%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="馬紹爾群島">馬紹爾群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="巴布亞新幾內亞">巴布亞新幾內亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="所羅門群島">所羅門群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="薩摩亞群島">薩摩亞群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82" title="塞拉利昂">塞拉利昂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="斯威士蘭">斯威士蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="博茨瓦納">博茨瓦納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="坦桑尼亞">坦桑尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%8A%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="贊比亞">贊比亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="津巴布韋">津巴布韋</a>。</li></ol> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英语国家人数排名"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6.E4.BA.BA.E6.95.B0.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>英语国家人数排名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：英语国家人数排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th style="width:70px;">國家</th> <th style="width:50px;">人數</th> <th style="width:70px;">占人口%</th> <th style="width:50px;">第一語言</th> <th style="width:50px;">其他語言</th> <th style="width:50px;">人口</th> <th class="unsortable">註釋 </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></td> <td>251,388,301</td> <td>96%</td> <td>215,423,557</td> <td>35,964,744</td> <td>262,375,152</td> <td><small>来源：US Census 2000: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-29.pdf">Language Use and English-Speaking Ability: 2000</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100215185553/http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-29.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Table 1. Figure for second language speakers are respondents who reported they do not speak English at home but know it "very well" or "well". Note: figures are for population age 5 and older</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></td> <td>125,344,736</td> <td>12%</td> <td>226,449</td> <td>86,125,221 <i>第二</i>语言<br /> 38,993,066 <i>第三</i>语言</td> <td>1,028,737,436</td> <td><small>Figures include both those who speak English as a <i>second language</i> and those who speak it as a <i>third language</i>. 2001 figures.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figures include English <i>speakers</i>, but not English <i>users</i>.<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></td> <td>88,690,000</td> <td>49%</td> <td></td> <td>88,690,000</td> <td>180,440,005</td> <td><small>来源：Euromonitor International report 2009. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/Euromonitor%20Report%20A4.pdf">The Benefits of the English Language for Individuals and Societies: Quantitative Indicators from Cameroon,Nigeria, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Pakistan.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210319040827/http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/Euromonitor%20Report%20A4.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）" 'A custom report compiled by Euromonitor International for the British Council'.</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="奈及利亞">奈及利亞</a></td> <td>79,000,000</td> <td>53%</td> <td>4,000,000</td> <td>>75,000,000</td> <td>148,000,000</td> <td><small>Figures are for speakers of <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%AE%E9%92%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="尼日利亚皮钦语">尼日利亚皮钦语</a>, an English-based pidgin or creole. Ihemere gives a range of roughly 3 to 5 million native speakers; the midpoint of the range is used in the table. Ihemere, Kelechukwu Uchechukwu. 2006. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol15num3/ihemere.pdf">A Basic Description and Analytic Treatment of Noun Clauses in Nigerian Pidgin.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070610000126/http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol15num3/ihemere.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）" <i>Nordic Journal of African Studies</i> 15(3): 296–313.</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></td> <td>62,600,000</td> <td>98%</td> <td>60,100,000</td> <td>1,500,000</td> <td>64,447,000</td> <td><small>来源：Crystal (2005), p. 109.</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律賓</a></td> <td>48,800,000</td> <td>58%<sup id="cite_ref-EthnoPhil_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EthnoPhil-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3,427,000<sup id="cite_ref-EthnoPhil_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EthnoPhil-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>43,974,000</td> <td>84,566,000</td> <td><small>Total speakers: Census 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080127174205/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/sr05153tx.html">text above Figure 7</a>. 63.71% of the 66.7 million people aged 5 years or more could speak English. Native speakers: Census 1995, as quoted by Andrew González in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616101625/http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0487/jmmd0190487.pdf">The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines</a>, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 19 (5&6), 487–525. (1998). <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> lists 3.4 million native speakers with 52% of the population speaking it as an additional language.<sup id="cite_ref-EthnoPhil_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EthnoPhil-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></td> <td>25,246,220</td> <td>85%</td> <td>17,694,830</td> <td>7,551,390</td> <td>29,639,030</td> <td><small>来源：2001 Census – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageComposition/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1b&Table=1a&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=Counts&B2=Both">Knowledge of Official Languages</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181016155721/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageComposition/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1b&Table=1a&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=Counts&B2=Both">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageComposition/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1a&Table=1a&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=Counts&B2=Both">Mother Tongue</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181016155718/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageComposition/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1a&Table=1a&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=Counts&B2=Both">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. The native speakers figure comprises 122,660 people with both French and English as a mother tongue, plus 17,572,170 people with English and not French as a mother tongue.</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亞</a></td> <td>18,172,989</td> <td>92%</td> <td>15,581,329</td> <td>2,591,660</td> <td>19,855,288</td> <td><small>来源：2006 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figure shown in the first language English speakers column is actually the number of Australian residents who speak only English at home. The additional language column shows the number of other residents who claim to speak English "well" or "very well". Another 5% of residents did not state their home language or English proficiency.</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0" title="新西兰">新西兰</a></td> <td>3,673,626</td> <td>91.2%</td> <td>3,008,058</td> <td>665,568</td> <td>4,027,947</td> <td><small>来源：2006 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figures are people who can speak English with sufficient fluency to hold an everyday conversation. The figure shown in the first language English speakers column is actually the number of New Zealand residents who reported to speak English only, while the additional language column shows the number of New Zealand residents who reported to speak English as one of two or more languages.</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></td> <td>5,580,000</td> <td>20.5%</td> <td>380,000</td> <td>5,200,000</td> <td>27,170,000</td> <td><small>来源：Crystal (2003), p. 109.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="汉族为主地域分述"><span id=".E6.B1.89.E6.97.8F.E4.B8.BA.E4.B8.BB.E5.9C.B0.E5.9F.9F.E5.88.86.E8.BF.B0"></span>汉族为主地域分述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：汉族为主地域分述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於使用英語的兩個主要國家<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>先後成為世界超級大国，並在众多領域具較大影響力，加上英语相對易學，許多人都將英語作為一種外語甚至是第二語言，把英語作為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="外国语">外國語</a>使用的人約3-5億。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲大陆">欧洲大陸</a>則是最普遍作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD" title="外语">外语</a>来学习的语言（32.6％），接着是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a>。在東亞，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="澳门">澳门</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>等地，英語是學校的必修課程。 </p><p>英語作為第二語言和作為外國語這兩種不同的使用法，說明英語正在愈來愈被看成一種國際交往的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="工具">工具</a>，它不再為一國或一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a>所專有，而是一種中性的信息媒介。 </p><p>不同語言使用者交談時，英語大多為第一順位交流語言。 </p><p>英語在多數<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="学术领域">學術領域</a>占有一席之位，許多<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="教科書">教科書</a>的原文書即為英語，英語也成為多數學術領域必學的第一外國語。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="基本英语">基本英语</a>是为了国际交流使用而简化的英语。它通常被一些<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="飞机">飞机</a>厂商和其他国际企业用作書写手册和交流。<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="远东">远东</a>的一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" title="学校">学校</a>把它作为基础英语来教授<sup id="cite_ref-#1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英語作为外語"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E8.AA.9E.E4.BD.9C.E4.B8.BA.E5.A4.96.E8.AA.9E"></span>英語作为外語</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：英語作为外語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中國大陸"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.B8"></span>中國大陸</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：中國大陸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在基本教育階段（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="小學">小學</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="高中">高中</a>），特別是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中學">中學</a>階段，幾乎全部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="學校">學校</a>選擇英語作為其主要或唯一的外語<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%85%E4%BF%AE%E8%AF%BE" title="必修课">必修課</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>自1980年代末期至1990年代初期開始，在全日制普通<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="大學">大學</a>推行<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95" class="mw-redirect" title="大学英语等级考试">大學英語等級考試</a>，作為對選擇英語作為第一外語必修課課程與拿到大學畢業證書的達標要求。 </p><p>在1949年至在1960年代中期，因與<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>的關係極為密切，主要以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a>作為第一外語，直至<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文化大革命</a>。從1970年代中期以後，逐漸選擇英語作為第一外語，1978年特別是1983年以後，英語是在<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="高等學校">高等學校</a>升學考試中，和其他主要科目一樣同等對待。以此為導向，中學課程，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="初中">初中</a>教育絕大多數以英語作為外語教學課程的必修課（也因為這樣，許多人說話時會以外語代指英語）；除了非英語外語專業以外，在全日制普通大學，一般均以英語作為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%85%E4%BF%AE%E8%AF%BE" title="必修课">必修課</a>，其他外語作為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%B8%E4%BF%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="選修（页面不存在）">選修</a>；而非英語專業的語言專業，一般要求同時對英語作為必要課程之列。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="澳门"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E9.97.A8"></span>澳门</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：澳门"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1999年<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8" title="澳門回歸">澳門主權移交</a>。自此，英语的地位和重要性提升，至今已超越葡语。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英語作为法定語文之一"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E8.AA.9E.E4.BD.9C.E4.B8.BA.E6.B3.95.E5.AE.9A.E8.AA.9E.E6.96.87.E4.B9.8B.E4.B8.80"></span>英語作为法定語文之一</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：英語作为法定語文之一"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="新加坡"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E5.8A.A0.E5.9D.A1"></span>新加坡</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：新加坡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="新加坡英语">新加坡英语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新加坡式英语">新加坡式英语</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80#英语为主要语言" title="新加坡语言">新加坡语言 § 英语为主要语言</a></div> <p>尽管英语原先不是新加坡的土著语言，但由于作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">官方语言</a>及实际上各方面的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="通用语">通用语</a>，所以新加坡英语的普及程度极高，已逐渐走向成为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="本地化">本地化</a>的语言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中文和英文皆是香港的法定語文。由於香港曾被<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>統治，英語在香港是第二官方語言，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>十分通行。此外，香港是国际金融中心，且<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="香港法律制度">使用</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BE%8E%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" title="英美法系">普通法</a>，英語因此是商業界、法律界重要語言。自1997年<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8" title="香港回歸">香港主權移交</a>後，香港政府在正式文件中更多采用中文，但大多数情况下只是用中文译本满足正式文件要求，但实际处理事务仍然使用英語。根據2011年的人口普查數據，以英語為慣用語言（第一語言）者有5%（約20萬4千人，主要为居于香港的外籍人士）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音系"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>音系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：音系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="英語音系學">英語音系學</a></div> <p>英語音系學是指對英语<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="音韻學">音系</a>（亦即聲音系統）的研究。正如所有語言，無論考慮<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史語言學">歷史</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%8F%E5%AF%AB%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="描寫語言學">與否</a>，英語口語的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="發音">發音</a>因不同<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>而異。 </p><p>這種變異在英語特別明顯，因為它在廣泛地區使用，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭共和國">愛爾蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="紐西蘭">新西蘭</a>和加勒比海英語國家等國的主要語言，在每一個洲都地有相当人口以之為母語或第二語言。 </p><p>英語並沒有決定性和國際承認的单一標準，所以不同國家通用的英語有時妨碍溝通。雖然如此，众多地區的英語口音仍能互相理解。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语法"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95"></span>语法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：语法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="英語文法">英語文法</a></div> <p>英語<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="文法">文法</a>基於日耳曼語源，雖然一些18世紀和19世紀的學者試圖把<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>的語法應用於英語，但是並不成功。英語與其他所有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a>語言相比，沒有那麼複雜的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="屈折變化">屈折變化</a>，也失去幾乎所有<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="性 (语法)">陰陽性</a>變化，基本上，英語除了人稱代詞以外，已失去性和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="格 (语法)">格</a>的分別，更強調詞語間相對固定的順序，也就是說英語正朝向<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%AD" title="分析语">分析語</a>的方向發展（如貓尾可以寫作cat tail，而不必寫作cat's tail，這裡的貓cat直接用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="詞根">詞根</a>原形，而沒用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E6%A0%BC" title="属格">屬格</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴">詞綴</a>cat's）。 </p><p>英语的基本<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="语序">语序</a>为<a href="/wiki/SVO" class="mw-redirect" title="SVO">SVO</a>，且基本上不能任意变换语序，除了在少数诗词以外。如下所示： </p> <ul><li>I saw Brittany.（我看见布里特妮）</li></ul> <p>英语中仍然保留的屈折变化有： </p> <ul><li>所有格：He is Fred's best friend. -'s</li> <li>动词现在时的第三人称单数：Alfredo works. -s</li> <li>过去时：Fred worked. -ed ，但亦有不规则变化。</li> <li>现在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D" title="分词">分词</a>／进行<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81" title="时态">时态</a>：Fred is working. -ing（如果动词的末<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>结尾的闭音节，则须双写末辅音，如running）</li> <li>过去分词：The car was stolen. -en；Fred has talked to the police. -ed，但亦有不规则变化。</li> <li>动名词：Working is good for the soul. -ing</li> <li>复数：Fred has two blue eyes. -s（如果名词的尾字是s或h，则需加-es，如dishes）</li> <li>比较级：Fred is smarter than Rick.形容词末尾加-er，多音节（3+）在前面加more，如“more difficult”</li> <li>最高级：Fred has the fastest car.形容词末尾加-est，多音节（3+）词在前面加most，如“the most difficult”</li></ul> <p>比起其他印歐語系的語言，雖然英語的屈折變化數量大幅減少，但<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名詞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="動詞">動詞</a>等依舊有相當數量的不規則變化與強變化。 </p><p>英语中所有的词可分成十大类，每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。 </p><p>这十大<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="词类">词类</a>是： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名词</a>（n.）：表示人或事物的名称的词。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="形容词">形容词</a>（a./adj.）：表示人或事物的特征的词。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E8%A9%9E" title="副詞">副词</a>（adv.）：修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="代詞">代词</a>（pron.）：是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%A9%9E" title="數詞">数词</a>（num.）：表示数量和顺序的词。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D" title="动词">动词</a>（v.）：表示动作和状态的词。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E8%AF%8D" title="冠词">冠词</a>（art.）：与名词连用，其说明人或事物的作用。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="介词">介词</a>（prep.）：通常置於名詞和代詞之前，表示名詞和代詞與其他詞的關係。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="连词">连词</a>（conj.）：连接词与词、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="短语">短语</a>与短语、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90" title="句子">句子</a>与句子的词。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%8F%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="感叹词">感叹词</a>（excl.）：表示说话人感情或<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94" title="语气">语气</a>的词。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词汇"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"></span>词汇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：词汇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>幾乎所有的日耳曼語源字彙（包括一切基本字彙，如代詞、連詞等）都相對來説更短、更非正式。拉丁語源的字彙通常代表更加優雅或更能顯示專業造詣。但是，過多運用拉丁語源字彙，則會被認為矯飾或刻意賣弄。喬治·奧威爾的文章《政治與英語》對此作了透徹的描寫。 </p><p>英語使用者在選擇單詞時，通常可以從<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼语">日耳曼語</a>源和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>源的近義字彙中挑選：如“sight”和“vision”、“freedom”和“liberty”。這些近義詞之間都有微妙的差異，使用者能夠自由選擇組合表達不同的觀點。 </p><p>日常生活中，大部分所用到的辭彙一般是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-disambig" title="日耳曼">日耳曼</a>語源。大多數拉丁語源的字彙通常用在更加正式的講話和文章中，比如法庭發言或者編寫百科全書。在醫學、化學等的許多術語也為拉丁語詞源。 </p><p>英语以它巨大的词汇量而著称，很容易引入专业术语和输入新词到日常使用中。另外，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="俚语">俚语</a>也为旧词换上了新的含义。这种靈活性非常明显，通常需要正確區分正式的用法和日常一般用法；英美的初等教育教師一般會提醒學生那些日常廣泛使用但在正式場合中並不正確的字彙。请参看：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="社会语言学">社会语言学</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="詞彙量"><span id=".E8.A9.9E.E5.BD.99.E9.87.8F"></span>詞彙量</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：詞彙量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>英語的詞彙量非常龐大（總計990,000個），但如果要估計具體數字，必須先判斷哪些能夠算作其單詞。不過與其他語言不同，並沒有一個權威學術機構來規定何為正式的辭彙。醫學、科技領域不斷湧現新詞，一些進入了大众日常用語中，其他只在一小部分人群内部使用。移民群體帶來的外語單詞也經常融入英語社會中去。一些古詞和方言單詞能否算作英語也無法判斷。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8" title="牛津英語詞典">牛津英語詞典</a>》（第二版）收錄了超過五十萬個條目，標準比較寬鬆：“包括文學與日常對話中的標準辭彙，無論當代、廢棄或古語，也包括主要的科技辭彙和大量方言、俚語。”<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>自從<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電子計算機">電子計算機</a>普及以来，不少與這範疇相關的詞語進入大眾的生活；另一方面，與電信科技相關的新詞，有不少都是透過<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴">詞綴</a>的組合來構成新詞。舉個例子：「wiki」本身是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="夏威夷语">夏威夷語</a>，但由於維基百科的普及，創建了「wikify」（wiki + -fy，維基化的意思）；然後又從wikify創建了「wikification」（維基化的過程或行動）。另外，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E5%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="數據庫">數據庫</a>中使用的一個新創詞語「serializability」，意思是「把準備寫入數據庫的資料<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96" title="序列化">序列化</a>的可行性」，本身亦是源自另一個新創建詞「serialize」（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96" title="序列化">序列化</a>，源自「serial」，即序列）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="词源"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.BA.90"></span>词源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：词源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg/langzh-220px-Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg/langzh-330px-Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg/langzh-440px-Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>英语词汇组成</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%80%9F%E8%AF%8D" title="英语借词">英语借词</a></div> <p>英语借词的詞源很廣泛。由於曾受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>的影響，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>詞彙在一定程度上大致分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-disambig" title="日耳曼">日耳曼</a>詞源（大部分來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古英語">古英語</a>），與<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁">拉丁</a>語源（由<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>而來，大部分來自<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼法语">諾曼法語</a>，有一些也直接從拉丁語借來）。 </p><p>1973年，<span lang="en">Thomas Finkenstaedt</span>與<span lang="en">Dieter Wolff</span>出版《<span lang="en">Ordered Profusion</span>》，書中發表報告，對舊版《簡明牛津词典》（第三版）中約八萬個單詞進行了電腦化調查。報告結果顯示英語單詞來源如下： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="古法語">古法語</a>和早期<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盎格魯法語（页面不存在）">盎格魯法語</a>：28.3%。參見<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E6%96%BC%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E" title="源於法語的英語詞">源於法語的英語詞</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：包括現代科技拉丁詞彙：28.24%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古英語">古英語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古英語">中古英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古挪威語">古挪威語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：25%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>：5.32%</li> <li>不詳：4.03%</li> <li>來自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E6%9C%89%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="专有名词">專有名詞</a>：3.28%</li> <li>其他<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>：小於1%。包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%80%9F%E8%AF%8D#官话借詞" title="英语借词">漢語普通話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%80%9F%E8%AF%8D#粤语借詞" title="英语借词">粤语</a>、和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%80%9F%E8%AF%8D#閩南語借詞" title="英语借词">閩南語</a>、日語的借詞。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>文字</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>英語的書寫使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>，單詞的拼寫系統或正確拼寫法是依據歷史傳統而繼承下來的，並不嚴格按照<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%A6%8F%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="發音規律（页面不存在）">發音規律</a>。因此，英語單詞的發音與拼寫之間經常有很大差異，單詞拼法也是所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a>語言中最難掌握的拼寫之一，例如，pig和bible的i，follow和allow的ow，發音完全不同。 </p><p>有些單字，連母語者也不一定會發音，例如Lieutenant colonel。 </p><p>世界绝大多数的拼音文字是属于直接拼法，看单词就能正确发音，而英语拼写是属于间接拼法，要借助音标才知道单词的正确发音。 </p> <table style="margin:0.2em auto;padding:0;border:1px solid #ced8df;clear:both;width:36em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="30" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="英语字母">英语字母</a> </th></tr> <tr lang="en"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a> </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="正寫法"><span id=".E6.AD.A3.E5.AF.AB.E6.B3.95"></span>正寫法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：正寫法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>英語正寫法（English orthography）又稱英語正字，是書寫約定系統，用於以書面形式表示英語口語，它允許讀者將拼寫、聲音和意義聯繫起來。用這種約定系統，以拉丁字母正確拼字書寫出的語文即「英文」。 </p><p>英語與許多語言不同的是，幾乎每個音素（聲音）都有多種拼寫方式，而且大多數字母也有多種發音，具體取決於它們在單詞中的位置和上下文。一些拼寫錯誤甚至在母語人士中也很常見，這主要是由於在整個英語歷史上大量借用了其他語言的詞，並沒有成功進行完整的拼寫改革。　 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="標音符號"><span id=".E6.A8.99.E9.9F.B3.E7.AC.A6.E8.99.9F"></span>標音符號</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：標音符號"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" title="含附加符號的英文字詞">含附加符號的英文字詞</a></div> <p>英語中有一些單詞需要標記各種標音符號來提示發音，这些單詞絕大部分都是從外語輸入進來。例如<i>à la carte</i>, <i>café</i>, <i>coöperate</i>, <i>élite</i>, <i>façade</i>, <i>naïve</i>, <i>résumé</i> 等。 </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="background:#eef8ff; border:1px solid #ced8df; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12" style="background:#ccf; white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">英语标音符号 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;" lang="en"> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">Àà</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Ææ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">Çç</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">Éé</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%88" title="È">Èè</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%8B" title="Ë">Ëë</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%8A" title="Ê">Êê</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">Ïï</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">Ññ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Öö</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%94" title="Ô">Ôô</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">Œœ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>標音符號在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="詩歌">詩歌</a>或劇本中有時也會用到，能夠將平常不發音的音節標記為發音，來達到戲劇化的效果或者保持詩歌的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%BE%8B" title="韵律">韻律</a>。在古代或仿古作品中很常見，如“-ed”的後綴經常標記<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6" title="重音符">重音符</a>，使其發音，例：cursèd。 </p><p>在某些古文中（特別是英式英語），<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="連字">連字</a>現象很普遍，如<i>archæology</i>,<i>œsophagus</i>和<i>encyclopædia</i>等。這些詞都為拉丁或希臘詞源。 </p><p>隨著時間推移和<a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>的盛行，越來越少的英語使用者選擇標記，或已經忘記這些詞是法語詞源，即使在極為正式的書寫當中也不加，甚至有時候標記符號還會被認為是在裝腔作勢；但有人反對這種觀點，認為正確的拼寫應該保留符號，尤其是缺少符號後發音就會出現很大差異時更應該如此。有一些詞明顯不遵循英語的形態音位法，在這類詞中一般會保留標音符號。比如<i>café</i>這個詞，如果把e上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6" title="尖音符">尖音符</a>去掉，按照英語發音規則，e就會不發音。又比如<i>résumé</i>是摘要的意思，有3個音節，<i>resume</i>是繼續的意思，有2個音節，它們在英語詞典中始終分開兩條排列。 </p><p>有時也需要用到<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="分音符號">分音符號</a>，但這些符號也經常省略或用連字符號代替，如<i>coöperate</i>（或<i>co-operate</i>）、<i>daïs</i>、<i>naïve</i>、<i>noël</i>、<i>reëlect</i>（或<i>re-elect</i>）等。 </p><p>有一些單詞如<i>rôle</i>和<i>hôtel</i>最初傳到英語中時是要加標音符號的，最開始時這些詞法國風情很濃，一些人甚至批評，本來英語中有對等的單詞卻偏要使用外國字彙。還有一些詞如<i>élite</i>（精英）的標音符號在日常生活中已經消失，但《<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E9%80%B1%E5%88%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="時代週刊">時代週刊</a>》等報刊雜誌仍然在使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地英语测验"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E6.B5.8B.E9.AA.8C"></span>各地英语测验</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：各地英语测验"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>論述以部分區域為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit">協助補充內容</a></span>以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免偏頗</a>，或<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="Talk:英语">討論</a>本文的問題。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英國"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E5.9C.8B"></span>英國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：英國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="国际英语测试系统">国际英语测试系统</a>（IELTS，International English Language Testing System，雅思）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="剑桥英文认证（页面不存在）">剑桥英文认证</a>（Cambridge Main Suit）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E7%A6%8F" title="托福">托福</a>（TOEFL） <ul><li>机考托福（CBT；逐漸廢除）</li> <li>网考托福（iBT）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%9B%8A" title="多益">多益</a>（TOEIC，商用英文考試）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英语口语水平测试（页面不存在）">英语口语水平测试</a>（TSE）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="台灣"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.81.A3"></span>台灣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：台灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A%E6%AA%A2%E5%AE%9A%E6%B8%AC%E9%A9%97" title="全民英語能力分級檢定測驗">全民英語能力分級檢定測驗</a>（GEPT）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國大陸_2"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.B8_2"></span>中國大陸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：中國大陸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95" title="全国英语等级考试">全国英语等级考试</a> (PETS)（主要面向社会考生）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95" class="mw-redirect" title="大学英语考试">大学英语考试</a>（CET）（主要面向大学非英语专业学生、硕士生） <ul><li>大学英语四级考试（CET-4）</li> <li>大学英语六级考试（CET-6）</li></ul></li> <li>全国高校英语专业考试（TEM）（主要面向大学本科英语专业学生） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E5%9B%9B%E7%BA%A7%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95" class="mw-redirect" title="英语专业四级考试">英语专业四级考试</a>（TEM-4）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%A7%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95" class="mw-redirect" title="英语专业八级考试">英语专业八级考试</a>（TEM-8）</li></ul></li> <li>上海外语口译证书考试<sup id="cite_ref-上海外语口译证书考试_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-上海外语口译证书考试-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（SEIAE）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E8%B5%84%E6%A0%BC%EF%BC%88%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%EF%BC%89%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95" title="全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试">全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试</a><sup id="cite_ref-全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (CATTI)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高等学校英语应用能力考试（页面不存在）">高等学校英语应用能力考试</a>（主要面向高职高专学生）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:4; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="網路英語（页面不存在）">網路英語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="現代英語">现代英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="英語語法">英語語法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="基本英语">简易英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="英語國際音標">英語國際音標</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%95%BF%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8D%95%E8%AF%8D" title="最长的英文单词">最长的英文单词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%E5%BE%8C%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8D%E6%8E%A5U%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E5%AD%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Q後面不接U的英文單字列表">Q後面不接U的英文單字列表</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the distinction between "English Speakers" and "English Users", see: TESOL-India (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages). Their article explains the difference between the 350 million number mentioned in a previous version of this Wikipedia article and a more plausible 90 million number: <blockquote> <p>Wikipedia's India estimate of 350 million includes two categories – "English Speakers" and "English Users". The distinction between the Speakers and Users is that Users only know how to read English words while Speakers know how to read English, understand spoken English as well as form their own sentences to converse in English. The distinction becomes clear when you consider the China numbers. China has over 200~350 million users that can read English words but, as anyone can see on the streets of China, only handful of million who are English speakers. </p> </blockquote></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxfordLearner'sDictionary2015Entry:_[httpwwwoxfordlearnersdictionariescomuspronunciationenglishenglish_1_English_–_Pronunciation]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxfordLearner'sDictionary2015Entry:_[httpwwwoxfordlearnersdictionariescomuspronunciationenglishenglish_1_English_–_Pronunciation]_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxfordLearner'sDictionary2015">OxfordLearner'sDictionary 2015</a>，Entry: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/pronunciation/english/english_1">English – Pronunciation</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFOxfordLearner'sDictionary2015 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2006424–426-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2006424–426_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2006424–426_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrystal2006">Crystal 2006</a>，第424–426頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFCrystal2006 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/stan1293">Standard English</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Standard+English&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fstan1293&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEthnologue2010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEthnologue2010_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEthnologue2010">Ethnologue 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a6_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrystal2003a">Crystal 2003a</a>，第6頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardhaugh201055-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardhaugh201055_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWardhaugh2010">Wardhaugh 2010</a>，第55頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Huddleston, Rodney D.; Pullum, Geoffrey K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgegrammar0000hudd"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="The Cambridge grammar of the English language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Cambridge grammar of the English language"><span class="ilh-page">[[:The Cambridge grammar of the English language|The Cambridge grammar of the English language]]</span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Cambridge grammar of the English language</span>]]</span>）</span></span></a>. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press. 2002: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgegrammar0000hudd/page/4">4</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-43146-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-43146-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-43146-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Pullum%2C+Geoffrey+K.&rft.aufirst=Rodney+D.&rft.aulast=Huddleston&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22The+Cambridge+grammar+of+the+English+language%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22The+Cambridge+grammar+of+the+English+language%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3EThe+Cambridge+grammar+of+the+English+language%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EThe+Cambridge+grammar+of+the+English+language%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43146-0&rft.pages=4&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK+%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgegrammar0000hudd&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">网址－维基内链冲突 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#wikilink_in_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b108–109-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b108–109_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrystal2003b">Crystal 2003b</a>，第108–109頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b30-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b30_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrystal2003b">Crystal 2003b</a>，第30頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolff-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wolff_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Finkenstaedt, Thomas; Dieter Wolff. Ordered profusion; studies in dictionaries and the English lexicon. C. Winter. 1973. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-533-02253-6" title="Special:网络书源/3-533-02253-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3-533-02253-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Dieter+Wolff&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Finkenstaedt&rft.btitle=Ordered+profusion%3B+studies+in+dictionaries+and+the+English+lexicon&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-533-02253-6&rft.pub=C.+Winter&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753"><i>How English evolved into a global language</i></a>. BBC. 2010-12-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511152411/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753">存档</a>于2021-05-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=How+English+evolved+into+a+global+language&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-12017753&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English2015-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English2015_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Routes_of_English2015">The Routes of English 2015</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFThe_Routes_of_English2015 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5073234">【英語島專欄】英文裡的拉丁文</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621064332/https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5073234">存档</a>于2020-06-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E3%80%90%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%B3%B6%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84%E3%80%91%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%A3%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cw.com.tw%2Farticle%2Farticle.action%3Fid%3D5073234&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《韦洛克拉丁语教程》（第六版）（美）F. M . p41 韦洛克世界图书出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Table C-17: Population by Bilingualism and trilingualism, 2001 Census of India <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/C-Series/C-Series_link/C17_Bill_Tril.pdf">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210511152432/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/C-Series/C-Series_link/C17_Bill_Tril.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tropf, Herbert S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lilaproject.org/docs/India%20and%20its%20Languages%20v1.0.pdf">India and its Languages</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Siemens AG, Munich. 23 January 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080308101143/http://www.lilaproject.org/docs/India%20and%20its%20Languages%20v1.0.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于08 March 2008）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Tropf%2C+Herbert+S&rft.btitle=India+and+its+Languages&rft.date=2004-01-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Siemens+AG%2C+Munich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lilaproject.org%2Fdocs%2FIndia%2520and%2520its%2520Languages%2520v1.0.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archive-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：日期与年 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4" title="Category:引文格式1维护：日期与年">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EthnoPhil-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EthnoPhil_18-0"><sup><b>17.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EthnoPhil_18-1"><sup><b>17.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EthnoPhil_18-2"><sup><b>17.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=PH">Ethnologue report for Philippines</a>. Ethnologue.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-01-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6CVk6kBGr?url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=PH">存档</a>于2012-11-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Ethnologue+report+for+Philippines&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ethnologue.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DPH&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=TLPD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Proficiency%20in%20Spoken%20English/Language%20by%20Age%20-%20Time%20Series%20Statistics%20(1996,%202001,%202006%20Census%20Years)&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Cultural%20&">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-04-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816141608/https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/cowsredirect">存档</a>于2021-08-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2FABSNavigation%2Fprenav%2FViewData%3Faction%3D404%26documentproductno%3D0%26documenttype%3DDetails%26order%3D1%26tabname%3DDetails%26areacode%3D0%26issue%3D2006%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26javascript%3Dtrue%26textversion%3Dfalse%26navmapdisplayed%3Dtrue%26breadcrumb%3DTLPD%26%26collection%3DCensus%26period%3D2006%26productlabel%3DProficiency%2520in%2520Spoken%2520English%2FLanguage%2520by%2520Age%2520-%2520Time%2520Series%2520Statistics%2520%281996%2C%25202001%2C%25202006%2520Census%2520Years%29%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26method%3DPlace%2520of%2520Usual%2520Residence%26topic%3DCultural%2520%26&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130552/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2006-reports/quickstats-subject/Culture-Identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity-tables.xls">2006 Census Data - QuickStats About Culture and Identity - Tables</a>. Statistics New Zealand. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2006-reports/quickstats-subject/Culture-Identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity-tables.xls">原始内容</a>存档于2015年9月24日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=2006+Census+Data+-+QuickStats+About+Culture+and+Identity+-+Tables&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2F~%2Fmedia%2FStatistics%2FCensus%2F2006-reports%2Fquickstats-subject%2FCulture-Identity%2Fquickstats-about-culture-and-identity-tables.xls&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《牛津英語词典》補遺，1933年</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-上海外语口译证书考试-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-上海外语口译证书考试_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009120405/http://web.shwyky.net/fwzn.htm">上海外语口译证书考试</a>. Web.shwyky.net. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-05-28</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.shwyky.net/fwzn.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2015-10-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%91%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Web.shwyky.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.shwyky.net%2Ffwzn.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catti.net.cn/">全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试</a>. Catti.net.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-05-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200519081555/http://www.catti.net.cn/">存档</a>于2020-05-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E8%B5%84%E6%A0%BC%EF%BC%88%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%EF%BC%89%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Catti.net.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catti.net.cn%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考书目"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>参考书目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：参考书目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCrystal2003a" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/David_Crystal" class="mw-redirect" title="David Crystal">Crystal, David</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC"><span></span><i>English as a Global Language</i><span></span></a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2003a: 69 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [42015-02-04]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-53032-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-53032-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-53032-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511155056/https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC">存档</a>于2021-05-11）. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdf">简明摘要</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> – <i>Library of Congress (sample)</i> (2015-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.btitle=English+as+a+Global+Language&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=%282nd+ed.%29&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53032-3&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd6jPAKxTHRYC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCrystal2003b" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/David_Crystal" class="mw-redirect" title="David Crystal">Crystal, David</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A3b3ngEACAAJ"><span></span><i>The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language</i><span></span></a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2003b <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-53033-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-53033-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-53033-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511152613/https://books.google.com/books?id=A3b3ngEACAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-11）. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/english-language-and-linguistics-general-interest/cambridge-encyclopedia-english-language-2nd-edition">简明摘要</a> (2015-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Encyclopedia+of+the+English+Language&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=%282nd+ed.%29&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53033-0&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA3b3ngEACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWardhaugh2010" class="citation book">Wardhaugh, Ronald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoso0000ward_i6k0"><span></span><i>An Introduction to Sociolinguistics</i><span></span></a>. Blackwell textbooks in Linguistics; 4 Sixth. Wiley-Blackwell. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4051-8668-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4051-8668-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4051-8668-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.aulast=Wardhaugh&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Sociolinguistics&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8668-1&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.series=Blackwell+textbooks+in+Linguistics%3B+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoso0000ward_i6k0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEthnologue2010" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size"><i>Summary by language size</i></a>. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226040016/https://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size">存档</a>于2018-12-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Summary+by+language+size&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fstatistics%2Fsize&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="en:"> 英語維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83112147">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>英语</b>在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目"><span id="sister-projects">姊妹项目</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:英語">字词解释</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:English_language" class="extiw" title="c:Category:English language">多媒体资源</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" class="extiw" title="q:英语">名言</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" class="extiw" title="b:英语">教科书和手册</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基导游上的<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%9D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" class="extiw" title="voy:英语会话手册">旅行资讯</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基数据上的<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860" class="extiw" title="d:Q1860">数据项</a></span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundcomparisons.com/">世界各地的英語口音（愛丁堡大學）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110429190515/http://www.soundcomparisons.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）列出并比較了50種英語方言中對100個單詞的不同發音<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927062910/http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm">世界上使用最多的语言</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ENG">英語的民族語報告</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111010122959/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ENG">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="词典">词典</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dicts.info/dictlist1.php">Collection of English bilingual dictionaries</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160301142208/http://dicts.info/dictlist1.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dict.org/">dict.org</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090105173926/http://www.dict.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/dare/dare.html">Dictionary of American Regional English</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090227063412/http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/dare/dare.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prefixsuffix.com/">English language word roots, prefixes and suffixes (affixes) dictionary</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190514234130/http://www.prefixsuffix.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-w.com/">Merriam-Webster's online dictionary</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100104072337/http://www.m-w.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/">Macquarie Dictionary Online</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190721141547/http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="日耳曼语族语言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a>语言</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>根据<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语语文学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic philology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语语文学（页面不存在）">日耳曼语语文学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_philology" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic philology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic philology</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="西日耳曼語支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" title="盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语组">盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" title="盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语组">盎格鲁语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">英语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英語方言列表">英語方言列表</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E6%88%88%E8%AF%AD" title="芬戈语">芬戈语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="约拉语">约拉语</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上古低地蘇格蘭語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古低地蘇格蘭語（页面不存在）">上古低地蘇格蘭語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Early Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古低地蘇格蘭語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古低地蘇格蘭語（页面不存在）">中古低地蘇格蘭語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里斯兰语">弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">古弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">中古弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Frisian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">东弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Frisian_language" class="extiw" title="en:East Frisian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Frisian language</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>埃姆斯 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语">萨特弗里斯兰语</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>威悉</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangerooge_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangerooge Frisian（页面不存在）">Wangerooge Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wursten_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wursten Frisian（页面不存在）">Wursten Frisian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="北弗里斯兰语">北弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>海岛 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiderstedt_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiderstedt Frisian（页面不存在）">Eiderstedt</a></i></li> <li>Föhr–Amrum <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6hr_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Föhr North Frisian（页面不存在）">Föhr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrum_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amrum North Frisian（页面不存在）">Amrum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heligoland_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heligoland Frisian（页面不存在）">Heligolandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylt_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylt North Frisian（页面不存在）">Sylt</a></li></ul></li> <li>大陆 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6kingharde_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bökingharde North Frisian（页面不存在）">Bökingharde</a> <ul><li>Mooring</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halligen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halligen Frisian（页面不存在）">Halligen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goesharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goesharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Goesharde</a> <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Central</li> <li><i>Southern</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karrharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karrharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Karrharde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strand_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strand Frisian（页面不存在）">Strand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiedingharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiedingharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Wiedingharde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西弗里斯兰诸语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="West Frisian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗里斯兰诸语（页面不存在）">西弗里斯兰诸语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Frisian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:West Frisian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">West Frisian languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindeloopen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindeloopen Frisian（页面不存在）">Hindeloopen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiermonnikoog_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiermonnikoog Frisian（页面不存在）">Schiermonnikoog</a></li> <li>Westlauwers–Terschellings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="西弗里斯兰语">西弗里斯兰语</a> <ul><li>Clay Frisian</li> <li>Wood Frisian <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westereendersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westereendersk（页面不存在）">Westereendersk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terschelling_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terschelling Frisian（页面不存在）">Terschelling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" title="古撒克遜語">古撒克遜語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪低地德语">中世纪低地德语</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西低地德语">西低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="荷兰下萨克森语">荷兰下萨克森语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯泰灵韦夫方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stellingwarfs dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E7%81%B5%E9%9F%A6%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯泰灵韦夫方言（页面不存在）">斯泰灵韦夫方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellingwarfs_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Stellingwarfs dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stellingwarfs dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特文特方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tweants dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特文特方言（页面不存在）">特文特方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweants_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Tweants dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tweants dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="格羅寧根方言">格羅寧根方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德伦特方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drèents dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德伦特方言（页面不存在）">德伦特方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A8ents_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Drèents dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drèents dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>Gelders-Overijssels <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achterhooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achterhooks（页面不存在）">Achterhooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallaans_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallaans dialect（页面不存在）">Sallaans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urkers_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urkers dialect（页面不存在）">Urkers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veluws_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veluws dialect（页面不存在）">Veluws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Low Saxon（页面不存在）">Northern Low Saxon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Frisian_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Frisian Low Saxon（页面不存在）">East Frisian Low Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schleswigsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schleswigsch（页面不存在）">Schleswigsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holsteinisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holsteinisch（页面不存在）">Holsteinisch</a></li> <li>Oldenburgish</li> <li>North Hanoveranian</li> <li>Dithmarsch</li> <li>Emsländisch</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastphalian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastphalian language（页面不存在）">Eastphalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="威斯特法伦方言">威斯特法伦方言</a> <ul><li>East Westphalian</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Westphalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Westphalian（页面不存在）">South Westphalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东低地德语">东低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect（页面不存在）">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgisch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgisch dialect（页面不存在）">Brandenburgisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Markish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Markish（页面不存在）">North Markish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Markish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Markish（页面不存在）">Central Markish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Pomeranian（页面不存在）">Central Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Pomeranian（页面不存在）">East Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Prussian dialect（页面不存在）">Low Prussian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">門諾低地德語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="低地法兰克语">低地法兰克语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="标准方言">标准语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法兰克语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古荷兰语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿非利卡语">南非語</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaaps（页面不存在）">Kaaps</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西低地法兰克语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Dutch_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Dutch dialects（页面不存在）">Central Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollandic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollandic dialect（页面不存在）">Hollandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleverlandish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleverlandish（页面不存在）">Kleverlandish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="西弗拉芒方言">西弗拉芒方言</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国弗拉芒方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French Flemish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国弗拉芒方言（页面不存在）">法国弗拉芒方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Flemish" class="extiw" title="en:French Flemish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French Flemish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泽兰语">泽兰语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东弗拉芒方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Flemish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东弗拉芒方言（页面不存在）">东弗拉芒方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Flemish" class="extiw" title="en:East Flemish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Flemish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="布拉班特方言">布拉班特方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏里南荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Surinamese Dutch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏里南荷兰语（页面不存在）">苏里南荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamese_Dutch" class="extiw" title="en:Surinamese Dutch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Surinamese Dutch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泽西荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jersey Dutch language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泽西荷兰语（页面不存在）">泽西荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Dutch_language" class="extiw" title="en:Jersey Dutch language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jersey Dutch language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫霍克荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohawk Dutch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%8B%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫霍克荷兰语（页面不存在）">莫霍克荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_Dutch" class="extiw" title="en:Mohawk Dutch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohawk Dutch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadsfries_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadsfries dialects（页面不存在）">Stadsfries</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bildts（页面不存在）">Bildts</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelands（页面不存在）">Amelands</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Midslands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midslands（页面不存在）">Midslands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东低地法兰克语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse-Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse-Rhenish（页面不存在）">Meuse-Rhenish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Limburgish_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Limburgish dialect（页面不存在）">Southeast Limburgish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="高地德语">高地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古高地德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_New_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early New High German（页面不存在）">Early New High German</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德國標準德語">德國標準德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利德语">奥地利德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞士標準德語">瑞士標準德語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="标准方言">标准语</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克里奧爾語">克里奧爾語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳米比亚德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Namibian German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳米比亚德语（页面不存在）">纳米比亚德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibian_German" class="extiw" title="en:Namibian German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Namibian German</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E9%BB%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="納米比亞黑德語">納米比亞黑德語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin German（页面不存在）">Berlinerisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8C%85%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="拉包爾克里奧爾德語">拉包爾克里奧爾德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="巴罗萨德语">巴罗萨德语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgranodeutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belgranodeutsch（页面不存在）">Belgranodeutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伏尔加德意志人">伏尔加德语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paran%C3%A1-Wolga-Deutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch（页面不存在）">Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotwelsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotwelsch（页面不存在）">Rotwelsch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotegorisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotegorisch（页面不存在）">Lotegorisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yenish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yenish language（页面不存在）">Yenish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意第绪语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yiddish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意第绪语方言（页面不存在）">东部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Yiddish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yiddish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意第绪语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yiddish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意第绪语方言（页面不存在）">西部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Yiddish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yiddish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏格兰犹太人历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Jews in Scotland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏格兰犹太人历史（页面不存在）">苏格兰意第绪语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Jews in Scotland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Jews in Scotland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klezmer-loshn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klezmer-loshn（页面不存在）">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lachoudisch（页面不存在）">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西中部德语">西中部德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="中法兰克语">中法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="利普里安語">利普里安語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="科隆語">科隆語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="摩泽尔法兰克语">摩泽尔法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森堡语">卢森堡语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transylvanian Saxon dialect（页面不存在）">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洪斯吕克方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hunsrückisch dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪斯吕克方言（页面不存在）">洪斯吕克方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrückisch dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hunsrückisch dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hunsrik"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语（页面不存在）">里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsrik" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrik"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hunsrik</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="莱茵法兰克语">莱茵法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="洛林法兰克语">洛林法兰克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="普法尔茨方言">普法尔茨方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伏尔加德意志人">伏尔加德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="賓夕法尼亞德語">賓夕法尼亞德語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑森方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hessian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑森方言（页面不存在）">黑森方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Hessian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hessian dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Hessian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Hessian（页面不存在）">Central Hessian</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿马纳德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amana German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿马纳德语（页面不存在）">阿马纳德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amana_German" class="extiw" title="en:Amana German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amana German</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东中部德语">东中部德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuringian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuringian dialect（页面不存在）">Thuringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上薩克森德語">上薩克森德語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Upper_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Upper Saxon（页面不存在）">North Upper Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Marchian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Marchian dialect（页面不存在）">South Marchian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erzgebirgisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erzgebirgisch（页面不存在）">Erzgebirgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusatian_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusatian dialects（页面不存在）">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E_(%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80)" title="西里西亞語 (德語方言)">西里西亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Prussian dialect（页面不存在）">High Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E7%B6%AD%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="維拉莫維安語">維拉莫維安語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alzenau_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alzenau dialect（页面不存在）">Halcnovian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上部德語">上部德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>广义上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒曼尼语">阿勒曼尼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="低地阿勒曼尼语">低地阿勒曼尼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿尔萨斯语">阿尔萨斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Tovar_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia Tovar dialect（页面不存在）">Coloniero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="高地阿勒曼尼語">高地阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="瑞士德语">瑞士德语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%AB%98%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="至高阿勒曼尼語">至高阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walser_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walser German（页面不存在）">Walser German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="施瓦本方言">施瓦本方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利-巴伐利亚语">奥地利-巴伐利亚语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Northern Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">北巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Northern Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Northern Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Central Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">中巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Central Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Central Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="维也纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Viennese German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维也纳方言（页面不存在）">维也纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennese_German" class="extiw" title="en:Viennese German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Viennese German</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">南巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南蒂罗尔方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="South Tyrolean dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E8%92%82%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南蒂罗尔方言（页面不存在）">南蒂罗尔方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolean_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:South Tyrolean dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">South Tyrolean dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="辛布里語">辛布里語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B2cheno_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mòcheno language（页面不存在）">Mòcheno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutterite_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutterite German（页面不存在）">Hutterite German</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="南法兰克语">南法兰克语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东法兰克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Franconian German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东法兰克语（页面不存在）">东法兰克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Franconian_German" class="extiw" title="en:East Franconian German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Franconian German</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vogtlandian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vogtlandian（页面不存在）">Vogtlandian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombardic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombardic language（页面不存在）">Langobardic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="北日耳曼语支与东日耳曼语支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始諾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a></i> <ul><li><i>古西諾斯語</i></li> <li><i>古東諾斯語</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norwegian language（页面不存在）">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergensk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergensk（页面不存在）">Bergensk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebabnorsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebabnorsk（页面不存在）">Kebabnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sognamål dialect（页面不存在）">Sognamål</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%B8ndersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trøndersk（页面不存在）">Trøndersk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallingm%C3%A5l-Valdris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallingmål-Valdris（页面不存在）">Valdris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestlandsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestlandsk（页面不存在）">Vestlandsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="挪威语">挪威语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a> (书面)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a> (书面)</li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古挪威语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Norwegian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古挪威語">古挪威语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Norwegian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Norwegian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古挪威语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Norwegian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古挪威语（页面不存在）">中古挪威语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Norwegian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Norwegian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰岛语</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冰岛语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Icelandic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰岛语历史（页面不存在）">中古冰岛语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Icelandic" class="extiw" title="en:History of Icelandic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Icelandic</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="格陵蘭諾爾斯語">格陵蘭諾爾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">諾恩語</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑞典语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Swedish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞典语方言（页面不存在）">瑞典语方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Swedish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Swedish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Danish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语方言（页面不存在）">丹麦语方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Danish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Danish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海岛丹麦语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Insular Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%9B%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岛丹麦语（页面不存在）">海岛丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:Insular Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Insular Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="日德兰语">日德兰语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南日德兰方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="South Jutlandic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南日德兰方言（页面不存在）">南日德兰方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Jutlandic" class="extiw" title="en:South Jutlandic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">South Jutlandic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Danish（页面不存在）">East Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornholm_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornholm dialect（页面不存在）">Bornholmsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scanian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scanian dialect（页面不存在）">Scanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Schleswig_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Schleswig Danish（页面不存在）">Southern Schleswig Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B8tudanskt_accent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gøtudanskt accent（页面不存在）">Gøtudanskt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkerdansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkerdansk（页面不存在）">Perkerdansk</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语历史（页面不存在）">古丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语历史（页面不存在）">中古丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalecarlian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalecarlian language（页面不存在）">Dalecarlian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfdalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfdalian（页面不存在）">Elfdalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gutnish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="哥特蘭語">哥特蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6m%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fårömål dialect（页面不存在）">Fårö Gutnish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gothic language（页面不存在）">Gothic</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亚哥特语</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮第人</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪达尔语</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="语文学（英语：-&#123;Germanic_philology&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语语文学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic philology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语语文学（页面不存在）">语文学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_philology" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic philology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic philology</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗里德里希·毛雷尔 (语言学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Friedrich Maurer (linguist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%AF%9B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里德里希·毛雷尔 (语言学家)（页面不存在）">分支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Maurer_(linguist)" class="extiw" title="en:Friedrich Maurer (linguist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Friedrich Maurer (linguist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="易北日耳曼語">易北日耳曼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weser-Rhine_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weser-Rhine Germanic（页面不存在）">Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="英维奥尼克语">英维奥尼克语</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Germanic（页面不存在）">Northwest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Germanic（页面不存在）">South</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Germanic_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Germanic grammar（页面不存在）">Proto-Germanic grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_parent_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic parent language（页面不存在）">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Belgian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Belgian language（页面不存在）">Ancient Belgian language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历时特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="格林定律">格林定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="維爾納定律">維爾納定律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霍尔茨曼定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Holtzmann's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍尔茨曼定律（页面不存在）">霍尔茨曼定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtzmann%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Holtzmann's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Holtzmann's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西弗斯定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sievers's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗斯定律（页面不存在）">西弗斯定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievers%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Sievers's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sievers's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克卢格定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kluge's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克卢格定律（页面不存在）">克卢格定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluge%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Kluge's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kluge's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_substrate_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic substrate hypothesis（页面不存在）">Germanic substrate hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Germanic_gemination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Germanic gemination（页面不存在）">West Germanic gemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="高地德語子音推移">高地德語子音推移</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_a-mutation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic a-mutation（页面不存在）">Germanic a-mutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="日耳曼語元音變音">日耳曼語元音變音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="日耳曼擦音定律">日耳曼擦音定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3%E6%B6%88%E5%A4%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則">北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="母音大推移">母音大推移</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">共时特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%BC%B7%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="日耳曼語強變化動詞">日耳曼語強變化動詞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语弱变化动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic weak verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%BC%B1%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语弱变化动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语弱变化动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_weak_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic weak verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic weak verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">过去现在时动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="語法相關發音變化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grammatischer Wechsel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語法相關發音變化（页面不存在）">語法相關發音變化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatischer_Wechsel" class="extiw" title="en:Grammatischer Wechsel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grammatischer Wechsel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B" title="印歐語元音變換">印歐語元音變換</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>斜体</i>表示已<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">灭亡</a>的语言</li><li>括号内的语言表示<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="變體 (語言學)">變體</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="歐洲聯盟的官方語言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Template:歐盟官方語言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Template talk:歐盟官方語言"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:歐盟官方語言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="歐洲聯盟的官方語言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="歐洲聯盟語言">官方語言</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="保加利亚语">保加利亚语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="捷克语">捷克语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷兰语</a> - <a class="mw-selflink selflink">英语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="爱沙尼亚语">爱沙尼亚语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="芬兰语">芬兰语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语">希腊语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="匈牙利语">匈牙利语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="愛爾蘭語">愛爾蘭語</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="意大利语">意大利语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="拉脱维亚语">拉脱维亚语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="立陶宛语">立陶宛语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD" title="马耳他语">马耳他语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语">波兰语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞語">罗马尼亚语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛伐克语">斯洛伐克语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛文尼亚语">斯洛文尼亚语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>- <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅埃西亞語">克羅埃西亞語</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="歐盟旗幟"><img alt="歐盟旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/80px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/120px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87" title="Template:聯合國正式語文"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87" title="Template talk:聯合國正式語文"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:聯合國正式語文"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_联合国正式語文" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87" title="聯合國正式語文">正式語文</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯文</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">中文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">英文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙文</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="不列顛群島" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="Template:不列颠群岛"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:不列颠群岛（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:不列颠群岛"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="不列顛群島" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="不列顛群島">不列顛群島</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%B1%E5%91%BC" title="不列顛群島的稱呼">稱呼</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4_(%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0)" title="阿尔巴 (名称)">阿爾巴</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E6%81%A9" title="阿尔比恩">阿尔比恩</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佈萊德恩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prydain"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%88%E8%90%8A%E5%BE%B7%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佈萊德恩（页面不存在）">佈萊德恩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prydain" class="extiw" title="en:Prydain"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prydain</span></a></span>）</span></span> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B_(%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1)" title="不列顛 (名稱)">不列顛</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="愛爾蘭 (名稱)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Éire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD_(%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛爾蘭 (名稱)（页面不存在）">愛爾蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ire" class="extiw" title="en:Éire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Éire</span></a></span>）</span></span> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="希伯尼亞">希伯尼亞</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不列顛群島命名爭議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British Isles naming dispute"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不列顛群島命名爭議（页面不存在）">命名爭議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Isles_naming_dispute" class="extiw" title="en:British Isles naming dispute"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British Isles naming dispute</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">政治</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="主权国家列表">主權國家</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">愛爾蘭共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="英格兰">英格兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="北爱尔兰">北爱尔兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" title="威爾斯">威爾斯</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%A4%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%B0" title="王室屬地">王室屬地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="奧爾德尼">奧爾德尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF" title="根西">根西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">曼島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B" title="薩克">薩克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">政治合作</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E2%80%94%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="愛爾蘭—英國關係">英愛關係</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國－愛爾蘭理事會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British–Irish Council"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%8D%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="英国－爱尔兰理事会">英愛理事會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" class="extiw" title="en:British–Irish Council"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British–Irish Council</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國－愛爾蘭政府間會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%8D%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%B4%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="英国－爱尔兰政府间会议">英愛政府間會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Intergovernmental_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國－愛爾蘭議會大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%8D%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="英国－爱尔兰议会大会">英愛議會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="extiw" title="en:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E5%8D%80" title="共同旅行區">共同旅行區</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">島或群島</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="海峡群岛">海峡群岛</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克萊德群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islands of the Clyde"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克萊德群島（页面不存在）">克萊德群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islands_of_the_Clyde" class="extiw" title="en:Islands of the Clyde"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islands of the Clyde</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E5%B3%B6" title="大不列顛島">大不列顛島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%95%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="赫布里底群岛">赫布里底群岛</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%95%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="内赫布里底群岛">內群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%95%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="外赫布里底群岛">外群島</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="爱尔兰岛">爱尔兰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">曼島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="北方群島">北方群島</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC" title="奥克尼">奥克尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="设德兰">设德兰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="锡利群岛">锡利群岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">島嶼列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="根西行政區島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="根西行政區島嶼列表（页面不存在）">根西行政區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="愛爾蘭島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of Ireland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛爾蘭島嶼列表（页面不存在）">愛爾蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of Ireland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of Ireland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澤西行政區島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of the Bailiwick of Jersey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澤西行政區島嶼列表（页面不存在）">澤西行政區島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of the Bailiwick of Jersey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of the Bailiwick of Jersey</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曼島島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of the Isle of Man"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼島島嶼列表（页面不存在）">曼島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of the Isle of Man"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of the Isle of Man</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of the United Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英國島嶼列表（页面不存在）">聯合王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of the United Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of the United Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英格蘭島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of England"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英格蘭島嶼列表（页面不存在）">英格蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_England" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of England"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of England</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇格蘭島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of Scotland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇格蘭島嶼列表（页面不存在）">蘇格蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of Scotland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of Scotland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威爾士島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威爾士島嶼列表（页面不存在）">威爾士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Wales" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of Wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of Wales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="不列顛群島歷史">歷史</a><br /><small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不列顛群島歷史概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of the History of the British Isles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不列顛群島歷史概述（页面不存在）">概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_History_of_the_British_Isles" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of the History of the British Isles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of the History of the British Isles</span></a></span>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">群島列島</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="愛爾蘭歷史">愛爾蘭島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">現存國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="愛爾蘭共和國歷史">愛爾蘭共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="英國歷史">大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="英格蘭歷史">英格蘭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北愛爾蘭歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Northern Ireland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="北爱尔兰历史">北愛爾蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:History of Northern Ireland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Northern Ireland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="苏格兰历史">蘇格蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="威爾斯歷史">威爾士</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="根西歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Guernsey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="根西历史">根西行政區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Guernsey" class="extiw" title="en:History of Guernsey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Guernsey</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澤西歷史">澤西行政區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="曼島歷史">曼島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">曾有國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%82%A6" title="爱尔兰自由邦">爱尔兰自由邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="英格蘭王國">英格蘭王國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威爾士親王領地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Principality of Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威爾士親王領地（页面不存在）">威爾士親王領地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Wales" class="extiw" title="en:Principality of Wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Principality of Wales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="大不列顛王國">大不列顛王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="愛爾蘭王國">愛爾蘭王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="苏格兰王国">苏格兰王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E5%8F%8A%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国">大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">社會</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">現代語言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="凯尔特语族">凯尔特语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="康瓦爾語">康瓦爾語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%9B%96%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="苏格兰盖尔语">苏格兰盖尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="愛爾蘭語">愛爾蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="曼島語">曼島語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E8%AF%AD" title="威尔士语">威尔士语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奧瑞奈語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Auregnais"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E7%91%9E%E5%A5%88%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧瑞奈語（页面不存在）">奧瑞奈語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auregnais" class="extiw" title="en:Auregnais"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Auregnais</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="根西語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guernésiais"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="根西語（页面不存在）">根西語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guern%C3%A9siais" class="extiw" title="en:Guernésiais"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guernésiais</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="諾曼語">澤西語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩克語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sercquiais"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩克語（页面不存在）">薩克語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sercquiais" class="extiw" title="en:Sercquiais"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sercquiais</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他種類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="英國手語">英國手語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="愛爾蘭手語">愛爾蘭手語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北愛爾蘭手語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Northern Ireland Sign Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北愛爾蘭手語（页面不存在）">北愛爾蘭手語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Sign_Language" class="extiw" title="en:Northern Ireland Sign Language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Northern Ireland Sign Language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94%E8%AA%9E" title="雪爾塔語">雪爾塔語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">種族民族</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="英国人">不列顛人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="康沃尔人">康沃尔人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="英格蘭人">英格蘭人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅曼尼徹爾人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanichal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B9%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅曼尼徹爾人（页面不存在）">英格蘭吉普賽人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanichal" class="extiw" title="en:Romanichal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanichal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="爱尔兰人">爱尔兰人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%81%E6%B5%AA%E8%80%85" title="愛爾蘭流浪者">愛爾蘭流浪者</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡樂人 (威爾士羅姆人)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kale (Welsh Roma)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%A8%82%E4%BA%BA_(%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡樂人 (威爾士羅姆人)（页面不存在）">卡樂人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Roma)" class="extiw" title="en:Kale (Welsh Roma)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kale (Welsh Roma)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="曼島人">曼島人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北愛爾蘭人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="People of Northern Ireland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北愛爾蘭人（页面不存在）">北愛爾蘭人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_of_Northern_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:People of Northern Ireland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">People of Northern Ireland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="蘇格蘭人">蘇格蘭人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="阿爾斯特蘇格蘭人">阿爾斯特蘇格蘭人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="威爾斯人">威爾斯人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前罗马铁器时代" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pre-Roman Iron Age"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前罗马铁器时代（页面不存在）">前罗马铁器时代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="extiw" title="en:Pre-Roman Iron Age"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pre-Roman Iron Age</span></a></span>）</span></span><br />前500年–前100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马铁器时代">罗马铁器时代</a>早期<br />前100年–100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马铁器时代">罗马铁器时代</a>晚期<br />100年–300年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲民族大迁徙">迁徙时期</a><br />300年–600年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世纪前期</a><br />600年–1100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a><br />1100–1350年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%90%8E%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪后期">中世纪后期</a><sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup><br />1350年–1500年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="近世">近代早期</a><br />1500年–1700年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="现代史">现代</a><br />1700年至今 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="22" style="background: #ccc"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%BA%E5%86%85%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="厄尔米诺内人">厄尔米诺内语</a><br />（易北河日耳曼语） </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2">原始高地德语 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #cc5"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德语</a>、<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伦巴底语 (早期)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lombardic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AF%AD_(%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伦巴底语 (早期)（页面不存在）">伦巴底语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Lombardic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lombardic language</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ab5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古高地德語</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background: #9a5"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期现代高地德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early New High German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期现代高地德语（页面不存在）">早期现代高地德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_New_High_German" class="extiw" title="en:Early New High German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early New High German</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #895"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="高地德语">高地德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #995"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="标准德语">标准德语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%E5%86%85%E4%BA%BA" title="伊斯特沃内人">伊斯特沃内语</a><br />（威悉-莱茵日耳曼语） </td> <td rowspan="5">原始法兰克语 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background: #ec7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法兰克语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #dc7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #cb6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background: #ba5"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期现代高地德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early New High German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期现代高地德语（页面不存在）">早期现代中部德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_New_High_German" class="extiw" title="en:Early New High German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early New High German</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #a95"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #db6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古低地法兰克语</a><br />（古荷兰语） </td> <td style="background: #ca5">早期林堡语<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #ca5">晚期林堡语<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c95">早期<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c95"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ea8">早期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ea8">晚期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #d98"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">早期<br />现代荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #d98"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #e99"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南非语">南非语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%83%E5%86%85%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="因格沃内语">因格沃内语</a><br />（北海日耳曼语） </td> <td colspan="2">原始撒克逊语<br />（东南因格沃内语） </td> <td style="background: #d9b"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="古撒克逊语">古撒克逊语</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #c8a"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪低地德语">中古低地德语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b79"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格鲁-弗里西语组">盎格鲁-弗里西语</a><br />（西北因格沃内语） </td> <td>原始弗里西语 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #d8d"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古弗里西语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里西语（页面不存在）">古弗里西语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #c7c"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古弗里西语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古弗里西语（页面不存在）">中古弗里西语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #b6b"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弗里西语">弗里西语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">原始英语 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #e9f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a><br />（盎格鲁-撒克逊） </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #d8f"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">早期<br />中古英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c7f">晚期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b6f"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b6f"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">英语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #d7e"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期低地苏格兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">早期苏格兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Early Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-3_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup> </td> <td style="background: #e6e"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古低地苏格兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">中古苏格兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #e6e"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="低地苏格兰语">苏格兰语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="8" colspan="2" style="background: #aae"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #b9f">卢恩<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E#地域分布" title="古諾斯語">古西诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b3f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古冰岛语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b39">晚期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古冰岛语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #b59"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰岛语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #97f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古挪威语</a><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-6_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #a3a">古<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #b6a"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #94b">古<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">诺恩语</a> </td> <td style="background: #95a"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">诺恩语</a> </td> <td>灭绝<sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-4_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #99f">卢恩<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E#地域分布" title="古諾斯語">古东诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td style="background: #76d"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">中古挪威语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #85b"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="挪威语">挪威语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #87f">早期<br />古<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td> <td style="background: #87d">晚期<br />古<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #76b"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #77f">早期<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古瑞典语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Swedish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古瑞典语（页面不存在）">古瑞典语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Swedish" class="extiw" title="en:Old Swedish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Swedish</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #78d">晚期<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古瑞典语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Swedish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古瑞典语（页面不存在）">古瑞典语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Swedish" class="extiw" title="en:Old Swedish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Swedish</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #67b"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #58b"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达拉纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dalecarlian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达拉纳方言（页面不存在）">达拉纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalecarlian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Dalecarlian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dalecarlian dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8dd">卢恩<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #7cd">早期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #5cd">晚期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #5ac"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="哥特蘭語">哥得兰语</a><sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-5_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #9fb"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥特语</a> </td> <td colspan="2">（未证实哥特语方言） </td> <td style="background: #8da"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亚哥特语</a> </td> <td>灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #af9"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪达尔语</a> </td> <td colspan="5">灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #cf7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮第语</a> </td> <td colspan="5">灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" align="left" style="font-size:small"> <dl><dt>註解</dt></dl> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-2_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%90%8E%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪后期">中世纪后期</a>指<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85" title="黑死病">黑死病</a>时期之后。黑死病对当时挪威语言状况的影响尤甚。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-1-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-1_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AA%9E" title="倫巴底語">伦巴底语</a>的谱系学界分类存在争议。其亦被归类为同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="古撒克逊语">古撒克逊语</a>相近。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-3-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-3_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">自早期北部中古英语产生<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。麦克鲁尔认为应为诺森布里亚古英语<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《牛津简明英语语言词典》（第894页）中称苏格兰语的“来源”为“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="伯尼西亚王国">伯尼西亚王国</a>的古英语”和“12至13世纪来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="北英格蘭">北英格兰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="英格兰中部地区">英格兰中部</a>移民受到斯堪的纳维亚影响的英语”。“早期-中古-现代苏格兰语”的阶段划分在《简明苏格兰语词典》<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>及《古苏格兰语辞典》<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>中得到使用。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-6-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-6_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">大陆古挪威语为介于古西诺尔斯语和古东诺尔斯语之间的方言。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-4-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-4_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">诺恩语的使用者为现代苏格兰语所同化（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海岛低地苏格兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Insular Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%9B%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岛低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">海岛苏格兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Insular Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Insular Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span>）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-5-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-5_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">现代哥得兰语（Gutamål）为古哥得兰语（Gutniska）的直系继承，现已成为标准瑞典语的哥得兰岛方言（Gotländska）。</span> </li> </ol> </div> <dl><dt>參考資料</dt></dl> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-roman;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aitken, A. J. and McArthur, T. Eds. (1979) <i>Languages of Scotland</i>. Edinburgh,Chambers. p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McClure (1991) in <i>The Cambridge History of the English Language</i> Vol. 5. p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson M. (ed.) (1985) the "Concise Scots Dictionary, Chambers, Edinburgh. p. xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dareau M., Pike l. and Watson, H (eds) (2002) "A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue" Vol. XII, Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/SCOTSHIST/output4.php?file=NEW-Revised1Introduction.htm">p. xxxiv</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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