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id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Early political career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early political career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_Istanbul_(1994–1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_Istanbul_(1994–1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Mayor of Istanbul (1994–1998) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_Istanbul_(1994–1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imprisonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imprisonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Imprisonment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imprisonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justice_and_Development_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justice_and_Development_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Justice and Development Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Justice_and_Development_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premiership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premiership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Premiership </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Premiership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Premiership subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Premiership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 General elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referendums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referendums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Referendums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referendums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kurdish_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Kurdish issue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian_genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Armenian genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.5 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.6 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.7 Justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil–military_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil–military_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.8 Civil–military relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil–military_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.9 Health care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 European Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece_and_Cyprus_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece_and_Cyprus_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Greece and Cyprus dispute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece_and_Cyprus_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 Armenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.4 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.5 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.6 Iraq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.7 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.8 Syria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.9 Saudi Arabia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.10 Egypt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.11 Somalia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Presidency </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Presidency subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Presidential elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Referendum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Local elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Presidential palace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 The media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_of_emergency_and_purges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_of_emergency_and_purges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 State of emergency and purges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_of_emergency_and_purges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4 Economic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finnish_and_Swedish_NATO_accession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finnish_and_Swedish_NATO_accession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1.1 Finnish and Swedish NATO accession </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finnish_and_Swedish_NATO_accession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 Greece </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2.1 Diaspora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Balkans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Balkans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.3 The Balkans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Balkans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.4 Azerbaijan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.5 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.6 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syrian_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syrian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.7 Syrian Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syrian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.8 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.9 Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qatar_blockade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qatar_blockade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.10 Qatar blockade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qatar_blockade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myanmar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.11 Myanmar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.12 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.13 Venezuela </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine_and_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine_and_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.14 Ukraine and Russian invasion of Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine_and_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coup_d'état_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coup_d'état_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.1 Coup d'état attempt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coup_d'état_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_earthquake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_earthquake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.2 2023 earthquake </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_earthquake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Ideology and public image </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_public_image-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ideology and public image subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ziya_Gökalp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ziya_Gökalp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Ziya Gökalp </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ziya_Gökalp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottomanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottomanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Ottomanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottomanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authoritarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authoritarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Authoritarianism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authoritarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suppression_of_dissent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suppression_of_dissent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Suppression of dissent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suppression_of_dissent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Insulting_the_President_lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insulting_the_President_lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1.1 Insulting the President lawsuits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insulting_the_President_lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mehmet_Aksoy_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mehmet_Aksoy_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1.2 Mehmet Aksoy lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mehmet_Aksoy_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erdoğanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erdoğanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Erdoğanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erdoğanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Views on minorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LGBT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 LGBT </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.2 Jews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Electoral history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Honours and accolades </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours_and_accolades-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Honours and accolades subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Foreign honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supranational" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supranational"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 Supranational </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supranational-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Other awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Official </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 140 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-140" aria-hidden="true" > 140 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рэджэб Тайиб Эрдогъан – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Рэджэб Тайиб Эрдогъан" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рэджэб Тайиб Эрдогъан – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Рэджэб Тайиб Эрдогъан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A8%E1%8C%80%E1%8D%95_%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8D%95_%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B6%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95" title="ረጀፕ ታይፕ እርዶዋን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ረጀፕ ታይፕ እርዶዋን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طيب أردوغان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رجب طيب أردوغان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Эрдогъан, Ражаб ТӀайип – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Эрдогъан, Ражаб ТӀайип" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99c%C9%99b_Tayyib_%C6%8Frdo%C4%9Fan" title="Rəcəb Tayyib Ərdoğan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəcəb Tayyib Ərdoğan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طیب اردوغان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رجب طیب اردوغان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="রেজেপ তাইয়িপ এরদোয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেজেপ তাইয়িপ এরদোয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рәжәп Тайип Эрдоған – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәжәп Тайип Эрдоған" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рэджэп Таіп Эрдаган – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэджэп Таіп Эрдаган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рэджэп Таіп Эрдаган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэджэп Таіп Эрдаган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Реджеп Таип Ердоган – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Реджеп Таип Ердоган" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%DD%A3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طيب أردوݣان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رجب طيب أردوݣان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AD%CF%80_%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CF%80_%CE%95%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ρετζέπ Ταγίπ Ερντογάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρετζέπ Ταγίπ Ερντογάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طیب اردوغان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رجب طیب اردوغان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayy%C4%B1p_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyıp Erdoğan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Recep Tayyıp Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84_%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%84_%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%95%88" title="레제프 타이이프 에르도안 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레제프 타이이프 에르도안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%83_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D6%83_%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռեջեփ Թայիփ Էրդողան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեջեփ Թայիփ Էրդողան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="रजब तैयब इरदुगान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रजब तैयब इरदुगान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%92%27%D7%A4_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="רג'פ טאיפ ארדואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רג'פ טאיפ ארדואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რეჯეფ თაიფ ერდოღანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეჯეფ თაიფ ერდოღანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رَجب طیب اَردوگان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رَجب طیب اَردوگان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Режеп Тайып Ердоған – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Режеп Тайып Ердоған" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Режеп Тайип Эрдоган – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Режеп Тайип Эрдоган" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Эрдогъан, Ражаб ТӀайип – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Эрдогъан, Ражаб ТӀайип" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%9A_%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ເລເຈບ ໄຕຢິບ ແອໂດກັນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເລເຈບ ໄຕຢິບ ແອໂດກັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%C5%BEeps_Tajips_Erdogans" title="Redžeps Tajips Erdogans – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Redžeps Tajips Erdogans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Реџеп Таип Ердоган – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Реџеп Таип Ердоган" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="റെജപ് തയ്യിപ്‌ എർദ്വാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെജപ് തയ്യിപ്‌ എർദ്വാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="रेसेप तय्यिप एर्दोगान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेसेप तय्यिप एर्दोगान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რეჯეფ თაიფ ერდოღანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რეჯეფ თაიფ ერდოღანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طيب اردوغان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رجب طيب اردوغان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طیب اردوغان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رجب طیب اردوغان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Режеп Тайип Эрдоан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Режеп Тайип Эрдоан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ရီဂျစ် တိုင်ယစ် အာဒိုအန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရီဂျစ် တိုင်ယစ် အာဒိုအန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="रजेप तैयप एर्दोगान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रजेप तैयप एर्दोगान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="レジェップ・タイイップ・エルドアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レジェップ・タイイップ・エルドアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="ЭрдогӀан, Реджеп Тайип – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЭрдогӀан, Реджеп Тайип" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طیب اردوغان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رجب طیب اردوغان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طیب اردوغان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رجب طیب اردوغان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Эрдоган, Реджеп Тайип – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эрдоган, Реджеп Тайип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Эрдоган Реджеп Тайип – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эрдоган Реджеп Тайип" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AF_%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱨᱤᱥᱮᱯ ᱛᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱮᱨᱫᱚᱶᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱤᱥᱮᱯ ᱛᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱮᱨᱫᱚᱶᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexhep_Taip_Erdoan" title="Rexhep Taip Erdoan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rexhep Taip Erdoan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طيب اردگان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رجب طيب اردگان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajab_Dayib_Erdogaan" title="Rajab Dayib Erdogaan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rajab Dayib Erdogaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%A8_%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڕەجەب تەییب ئەردۆغان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەجەب تەییب ئەردۆغان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Реџеп Тајип Ердоган – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реџеп Тајип Ердоган" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ரசிப் தைய்யிப் எர்டோகன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரசிப் தைய்யிப் எர்டோகன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D2%97%D3%99%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D3%98%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рәҗәп Таййип Әрдоган – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рәҗәп Таййип Әрдоган" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9B_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เรเจป ไตยิป แอร์โดอัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรเจป ไตยิป แอร์โดอัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Раҷаб Тайиб Ардуғон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Раҷаб Тайиб Ардуғон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q20748093 badge-validated mw-list-item" title="validated"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejep_Ta%C3%BD%C3%BDyp_Erdogan" title="Rejep Taýýyp Erdogan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Rejep Taýýyp Erdogan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Эрдоган, Реджеп Тайип – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эрдоган, Реджеп Тайип" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%97%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Реджеп Тайїп Ердоган – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Реджеп Тайїп Ердоган" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رجب طیب ایردوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رجب طیب ایردوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%BE_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%BE_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رەجەپ تاييىپ ئەردوغان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رەجەپ تاييىپ ئەردوغان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%90%89%E6%B3%BC%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%BC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%89" title="雷吉泼·泰伊泼·埃尔多安 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雷吉泼·泰伊泼·埃尔多安" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E8%84%8A%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E6%A5%AD%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%89" title="利脊·泰業·埃爾多安 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="利脊·泰業·埃爾多安" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%8A%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%89" title="雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyib_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyib Erdoğan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Recep Tayyib Erdoğan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99%C4%8D%C9%99b_Tajjib_%C6%8Frdo%C7%A7an" title="Rəčəb Tajjib Ərdoǧan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Rəčəb Tajjib Ərdoǧan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8A%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1_%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵔⴰⵊⴰⴱ ⵟⴰⵢⵢⵉⴱ ⴰⵔⴷⵓⴳⴰⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⴰⵊⴰⴱ ⵟⴰⵢⵢⵉⴱ ⴰⵔⴷⵓⴳⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Turkey since 2014</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Erdoğan" redirects here. For the name, see <a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan_(name)" title="Erdoğan (name)">Erdoğan (name)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/220px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/330px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/440px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Erdoğan in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">12th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 28 August 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Turkey" title="Vice President of Turkey">Vice President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuat_Oktay" title="Fuat Oktay">Fuat Oktay</a> (2018–2023)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cevdet Yılmaz">Cevdet Yılmaz</a> (2023–present)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">25th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 14 March 2003 – 28 August 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer" title="Ahmet Necdet Sezer">Ahmet Necdet Sezer</a></li><li>Abdullah Gül</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Naz%C4%B1m_Ekren" title="Nazım Ekren">Nazım Ekren</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ar%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Bülent Arınç">Bülent Arınç</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fir_Atalay" title="Beşir Atalay">Beşir Atalay</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Bekir_Bozda%C4%9F" title="Bekir Bozdağ">Bekir Bozdağ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Emrullah_%C4%B0%C5%9Fler" title="Emrullah İşler">Emrullah İşler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Abdullah Gül</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ahmet Davutoğlu</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Justice_and_Development_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Justice and Development Party">Leader of the Justice and Development Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 21 May 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Binali Yıldırım</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 14 August 2001 – 27 August 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ahmet Davutoğlu</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey#Composition" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Member of the Grand National Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 9 March 2003 – 28 August 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district)" title="Siirt (electoral district)">Siirt</a> (<a href="/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election" title="2003 Siirt Province by-election">2003 by-election</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_(electoral_districts)" title="Istanbul (electoral districts)">Istanbul</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_(1st_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul (1st electoral district)">(I)</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">23rd <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Istanbul">Mayor of Istanbul</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 27 March 1994 – 6 November 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_S%C3%B6zen" title="Nurettin Sözen">Nurettin Sözen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_M%C3%BCfit_G%C3%BCrtuna" title="Ali Müfit Gürtuna">Ali Müfit Gürtuna</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 12 November 2021 – 11 November 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1954-02-26) 26 February 1954 (age 70) <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development</a> (2001–2014; 2017–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a> (before 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a> (1983–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party</a> (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Emine_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Emine Erdoğan">Emine Gülbaran</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1978)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Burak_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Ahmet Burak Erdoğan">Ahmet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bilal_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Bilal Erdoğan">Bilal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Esra_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Esra Erdoğan">Esra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmeyye_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Sümeyye Erdoğan">Sümeyye</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berat_Albayrak" title="Berat Albayrak">Berat Albayrak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk_Bayraktar" title="Selçuk Bayraktar">Selçuk Bayraktar</a></li></ul></div> (sons-in-law)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Compound_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Compound (Turkey)">Presidential Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_University_Faculty_of_Economics_and_Administrative_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmara University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences">Marmara University</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Signature_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.svg/128px-Signature_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Signature_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.svg/192px-Signature_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Signature_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.svg/256px-Signature_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="312" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tccb.gov.tr">Government website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #fda000"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#fda000;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/75px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/113px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/150px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#fda000;color: #FFF;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Early life and career of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honorary_doctorates_awarded_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of honorary doctorates awarded to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Honors</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Political views</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government" title="Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 vision">2023 vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Parties</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Elections</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Istanbul_mayoral_election" title="1994 Istanbul mayoral election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_general_election" title="2018 Turkish general election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2023 Turkish presidential election">2023</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Cabinets</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan I">First cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan II">Second cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan III">Third cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan IV">Fourth cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="67th cabinet of Turkey">Fifth cabinet</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Prime Minister of Turkey</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Premiership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government" title="Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Foreign trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government" title="Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government">Civil–military ties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_speech_in_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="2005 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan speech in Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Turkish constitutional referendum">2007 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2010 Turkish constitutional referendum">2010 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_initiative" title="Democratic initiative">Democratic initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_park_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Gezi park protests">Gezi park protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey" title="2013 corruption scandal in Turkey">2013 corruption scandal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>President of Turkey</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Foreign trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Presidential_Campaign,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Presidential Campaign, 2014">2014 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%93present_purges_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="2016–present purges in Turkey">Purges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">2017 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_presidential_campaign,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign, 2018">2018 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93current)" title="Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)">Economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan_Iran_poem_controversy" title="Erdoğan Iran poem controversy">Poem controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake">2023 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_presidential_campaign" title="2023 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign">2023 presidential campaign</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/This_Song_Doesn%27t_End_Here" title="This Song Doesn't End Here">This Song Doesn't End Here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fairer_World_Is_Possible" title="A Fairer World Is Possible">A Fairer World Is Possible</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/80px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="469" /></a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="extiw" title="commons:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Erdogan_sidebar" title="Template:Erdogan sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Erdogan_sidebar" title="Template talk:Erdogan sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Erdogan_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Erdogan sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Recep Tayyip Erdoğan<a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a> (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">president of Turkey</a> since 2014. He previously served as the 25th <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Turkey">prime minister</a> from 2003 to 2014 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul" title="List of mayors of Istanbul">mayor of Istanbul</a> from 1994 to 1998. Erdoğan was born in <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, and studied at the <a href="/wiki/Marmara_University" title="Marmara University">Aksaray Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences</a>, before working as a consultant and senior manager in the private sector. Becoming active in local politics, he was elected <a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a> district chair in 1984 and Istanbul chair in 1985. Following the <a href="/wiki/1994_Istanbul_mayoral_election" title="1994 Istanbul mayoral election">1994 local elections</a>, Erdoğan was elected mayor of Istanbul. He said at the time: "Democracy is like a train: when we reach our destination, we get off".<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> In 1998 he was convicted for inciting religious hatred and banned from politics after reciting a poem by <a href="/wiki/Ziya_G%C3%B6kalp" title="Ziya Gökalp">Ziya Gökalp</a> that compared mosques to barracks and the faithful to an army. Erdoğan was released from prison in 1999 and formed the AKP, abandoning openly Islamist policies. Erdoğan led the AKP to a <a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">landslide victory</a> in the election for the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> in 2002, and became prime minister after winning a <a href="/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election" title="2003 Siirt Province by-election">by-election</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district)" title="Siirt (electoral district)">Siirt</a> in 2003. Erdoğan led the AKP to two more election victories in <a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a>. His tenure consisted of economic recovery from the <a href="/wiki/2001_Turkish_economic_crisis" title="2001 Turkish economic crisis">economic crisis of 2001</a>, the start of <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">EU membership negotiations</a>, and the reduction of <a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government" title="Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government">military influence on politics</a>. In late 2012, his government began <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932015_PKK%E2%80%93Turkey_peace_process" title="2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process">peace negotiations</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Workers Party">Kurdistan Workers Party</a> (PKK) to end the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a>, negotiations which ended three years later. In 2014, Erdoğan became the country's <a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">first directly elected president</a>. <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan's presidency</a> has been marked by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">democratic backsliding</a> and a shift towards a more <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> style of government. His <a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanomics" title="Erdoğanomics">economic policies</a> have led to <a href="/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93current)" title="Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)">high inflation rates and the depreciation of the value</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a>. He has intervened in the ongoing conflicts in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_intervention_in_Libya_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Turkish intervention in Libya (2020–present)">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">launched operations</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Islamic State</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Assad's forces</a>, and has made threats against <a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Greece–Turkey relations">Greece</a>. He oversaw the transformation of Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a>, introducing <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term limits</a> and expanding executive powers, and <a href="/wiki/Turkey%27s_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey's migrant crisis">Turkey's migrant crisis</a>. Erdoğan responded to the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> by closing the <a href="/wiki/Bosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus">Bosphorus</a> to Russian naval reinforcements, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">brokering a deal between Russia and Ukraine</a> regarding the export of grain, and mediating a prisoner exchange.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Early life and career of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Early life and career of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div> Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was born on 26 February 1954 in a poor <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey" title="Conservatism in Turkey">conservative Muslim</a> family.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[7]</a> Erdoğan's family is originally from <a href="/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara">Adjara</a>, a region in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> Although Erdoğan was reported to have said in 2003 that he was of <a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Turkey" title="Georgians in Turkey">Georgian</a> origin and that his origins were in <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a> he later denied this.<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[7]</a> His parents were Ahmet Erdoğan (1905–1988) and Tenzile Erdoğan (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Mutlu; 1924–2011).<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> While Erdoğan attended school in Istanbul, his summer holidays were mostly spent in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCneysu" title="Güneysu">Güneysu</a>, Rize, where his family originates from. Throughout his life he often returned to this spiritual home, and in 2015 he opened a vast mosque on a mountaintop near this village.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> The family returned to Istanbul when Erdoğan was 13 years old.<a href="#cite_note-charismatic-14">[12]</a> As a teenager, Erdoğan's father provided him with a weekly allowance of 2.5 Turkish lira, less than a dollar. With it, Erdoğan bought postcards and resold them on the street. He sold bottles of water to drivers stuck in traffic. Erdoğan also worked as a street vendor selling <a href="/wiki/Simit" title="Simit">simit</a> (sesame bread rings), wearing a white gown and selling the simit from a red three-wheel cart with the rolls stacked behind glass.<a href="#cite_note-charismatic-14">[12]</a> In his youth, Erdoğan played semi-professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> in Camialtıspor FC, a local club.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcerdogan-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-akperdogan-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-britannicaerdogan-17">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fenerbah%C3%A7e" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenerbahçe">Fenerbahçe</a> wanted him to transfer to the club[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] but his father prevented it.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Stadium" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium">stadium</a> of the local football club in the district where he grew up, <a href="/wiki/Kas%C4%B1mpa%C5%9Fa_S.K." title="Kasımpaşa S.K.">Kasımpaşa S.K.</a> is named after him.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> Erdoğan is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_%C4%B0skenderpa%C5%9Fa" title="Community of İskenderpaşa">Community of İskenderpaşa</a>, a Turkish Sufistic community of <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a> <a href="/wiki/Tariqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariqah">tariqah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> Erdoğan graduated from Kasımpaşa Piyale Primary School in 1965, and the Istanbul <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mam_Hatip_school" title="İmam Hatip school">İmam Hatip High School</a>, a religious vocational high school, in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-:025-23">[21]</a> The same educational path was followed by other co-founders of the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> One quarter of the curriculum of İmam Hatip schools involves study of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, the life of the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a>. Erdoğan studied the Quran at the İmam Hatip, where his classmates began calling him hoca ("teacher" or "religious official"). Erdoğan attended a meeting of the nationalist student group National Turkish Student Union (Milli Türk Talebe Birliği), who sought to raise a conservative cohort of young people to counter the rising movement of leftists in Turkey. Within the group, Erdoğan was distinguished by his oratorical skills, developing a penchant for public speaking and excelling in front of an audience. He won first place in a poetry-reading competition organized by the Community of Turkish Technical Painters, and began preparing for speeches through reading and research. Erdoğan would later comment on these competitions as "enhancing our courage to speak in front of the masses".<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> Erdoğan wanted to pursue advanced studies at the <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Political_Science,_Ankara_University" title="Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University">Ankara University Faculty of Political Science</a>, commonly known as Mülkiye, but only students with regular high school diplomas were eligible to apply, thereby excluding Imam Hatip graduates. Mülkiye was known for its political science department, which trained many statesmen and politicians in Turkey. Erdoğan was then admitted to Eyüp High School, a regular state school. That he eventually received a high school diploma from this school is a subject of debate.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> According to his official biography, Erdoğan subsequently studied <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business administration</a> at the Aksaray School of Economics and Commercial Sciences (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: Aksaray İktisat ve Ticaret Yüksekokulu), now known as <a href="/wiki/Marmara_University" title="Marmara University">Marmara University</a>'s Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences.<a href="#cite_note-bbcerdogan-1">[1]</a> Both the authenticity and status of his degree have been the subject of <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_university_diploma_controversy" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy">disputes and controversy</a> over whether the diploma is legitimate and ought to be considered sufficient to make him eligible as a candidate for the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-:2-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crop_of_Erdogan_in_Canakkale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Crop_of_Erdogan_in_Canakkale.jpg/220px-Crop_of_Erdogan_in_Canakkale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Crop_of_Erdogan_in_Canakkale.jpg/330px-Crop_of_Erdogan_in_Canakkale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Crop_of_Erdogan_in_Canakkale.jpg/440px-Crop_of_Erdogan_in_Canakkale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a> Erdoğan on 18 March 2008, during the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign#Legacy" title="Gallipoli campaign">Çanakkale Victory and Martyrs' Remembrance Day</a> ceremony</figcaption></figure> In 1976, Erdoğan engaged in politics by joining the National Turkish Student Union, an <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> action group. In the same year, he became head of the <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a> youth branch of the Islamist <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a> (MSP),<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> and was later promoted to chair of the Istanbul youth branch.<a href="#cite_note-:025-23">[21]</a> He held this position until the <a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27etat" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Turkish coup d'etat">1980 military coup</a> which dissolved all major political parties. He went on to be a consultant and senior executive in the private sector in the aftermath of the coup. Three years later, in 1983, Erdoğan followed most of <a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a>'s followers into the newly founded <a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a> (RP). The new party, like its predecessors subscribed to Erbakan's strain of <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">National view</a>. He became the party's <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a> district chair in 1984, and head of its Istanbul branch in 1985. Erdoğan entered the parliamentary by-elections of 1986 as a candidate in Istanbul's 6th electoral district, but failed to get elected. Three years later, Erdoğan ran for the district mayoralty of Beyoğlu, finishing in second place with 22.8% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991 general election</a>, the Welfare Party more than doubled its share of the vote in Istanbul compared to four years prior, reaching 16.7%. At first, Erdoğan, who led his party's district list, was thought to have been elected to parliament. However, as a product of the <a href="/wiki/Open-list_proportional_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-list proportional representation">open-list proportional representation</a> system adopted during the previous term, after all votes expressing a candidate preference were tabulated, it was instead Mustafa Baş who earned the seat allocated to the Welfare Party. A difference of about 4,000 preferential votes separated the two, with Baş's ~13,000 to Erdoğan's ~9,000.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor_of_Istanbul_(1994–1998)">Mayor of Istanbul (1994–1998)</h3></div> In the <a href="/wiki/1994_Turkish_local_elections" title="1994 Turkish local elections">local elections of 1994</a>, Erdoğan ran as a candidate for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Istanbul">Mayor of Istanbul</a>. He was a young, dark horse candidate in a crowded field. Over the course of the campaign, he was mocked by the mainstream media and treated as a country bumpkin by his opponents.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> In an upset, he won with 25.19% of the popular vote, making it the first time a mayor of Istanbul got elected from his political party. His win coincided with a wave of Welfare Party victories nationwide, as they won 28 provincial mayoralties - most out of any party - and numerous metropolitan seats, including the capital, Ankara. Erdoğan governed pragmatically, focusing on bread-and-butter issues. He aimed to tackle the chronic problems plaguing the metropolis, such as <a href="/wiki/Water_shortage" class="mw-redirect" title="Water shortage">water shortage</a>, pollution – <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmraniye_%C3%A7%C3%B6p_patlamas%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="tr:Ümraniye çöp patlaması">waste collection issues</a> in particular – and severely congested traffic. He undertook an infrastructure overhaul: expanding and modernizing the water grid with hundreds of kilometers of new water pipes being laid, and constructing more than fifty bridges, viaducts, and stretches of highway to mitigate traffic. State-of-the-art recycling facilities were built and air pollution was reduced through a plan to switch to natural gas. He changed the <a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">public buses</a> to environmentally friendly ones. He took precautions to prevent corruption, using measures to ensure that municipal funds were used prudently. He paid back a major portion of Istanbul <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Municipality">Metropolitan Municipality</a>'s two-billion-dollar debt and invested four billion dollars in the city.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> He also opened up City Hall to the people, gave out his e-mail address and established municipal hot lines.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2003-34">[32]</a> Erdoğan initiated the first roundtable of mayors during the <a href="/wiki/Habitat_II" title="Habitat II">Istanbul conference</a>, which led to a global, organized movement of mayors. A seven-member international jury from the United Nations unanimously awarded Erdoğan the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-Habitat</a> award.<a href="#cite_note-unhabitat3-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imprisonment">Imprisonment</h3></div> In December 1997 in <a href="/wiki/Siirt" title="Siirt">Siirt</a>, Erdoğan recited a modified version of the "<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asker_Duas%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="tr:Asker Duası">Soldier's prayer</a>" poem written by <a href="/wiki/Ziya_G%C3%B6kalp" title="Ziya Gökalp">Ziya Gökalp</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">pan-Turkish</a> activist of the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-Turkey's_Most_Eluded_Prime_Minister-36">[34]</a> This version included an additional stanza in the beginning, its first two verses reading "The mosques are our barracks, the domes our helmets / The minarets our bayonets and the faithful our soldiers...."<a href="#cite_note-charismatic-14">[12]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Article_312_(Turkish_Penal_Code)" title="Article 312 (Turkish Penal Code)">article 312/2 of the Turkish penal code</a> his recitation was regarded by the judge as an incitement to violence and religious or racial hatred.<a href="#cite_note-court-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-erdogan-imprisoned-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Turkey's_Most_Eluded_Prime_Minister-36">[34]</a> In his defense, Erdoğan said that the poem was published in state-approved books.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2003-34">[32]</a> How this version of the poem ended up in a book published by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Standards_Institution" title="Turkish Standards Institution">Turkish Standards Institution</a> remained a topic of discussion.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Erdoğan was given a ten-month prison sentence.<a href="#cite_note-erdogan-imprisoned-38">[36]</a> He was forced to give up his mayoral position due to his conviction. The conviction also stipulated a political ban, which prevented him from participating in elections.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> He had appealed for the sentence to be converted to a monetary fine, but it was reduced to four months instead (24 March 1999 to 27 July 1999).<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> He was transferred to Pınarhisar prison in <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli_Province" title="Kırklareli Province">Kırklareli</a>. The day Erdoğan went to prison, he released an album called <a href="/wiki/This_Song_Doesn%27t_End_Here" title="This Song Doesn't End Here">This Song Doesn't End Here</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> The album features a tracklist of seven poems and became the best-selling album of Turkey in 1999, selling over one million copies.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> In 2013, Erdoğan visited the Pınarhisar prison again for the first time in fourteen years. After the visit, he said "For me, Pınarhisar is a symbol of rebirth, where we prepared the establishment of the Justice and Development Party".<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Justice_and_Development_Party">Justice and Development Party</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasar_Yakis,_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan,_Romano_Prodi_and_G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen_in_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yasar_Yakis%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Romano_Prodi_and_G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen_in_2002.jpg/220px-Yasar_Yakis%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Romano_Prodi_and_G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen_in_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yasar_Yakis%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Romano_Prodi_and_G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen_in_2002.jpg/330px-Yasar_Yakis%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Romano_Prodi_and_G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen_in_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yasar_Yakis%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Romano_Prodi_and_G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen_in_2002.jpg/440px-Yasar_Yakis%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Romano_Prodi_and_G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen_in_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>Party leader Erdoğan's meeting with <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a>) and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen" title="Günter Verheugen">Günter Verheugen</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Neighbourhood_and_Enlargement" title="European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement">European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, 2002</figcaption></figure> Erdoğan was member of political parties that kept getting banned by the army or judges. Within his <a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party</a>, there was a dispute about the appropriate discourse of the party between traditional politicians and pro-reform politicians. The latter envisioned a party that could operate within the limits of the system, and thus not getting banned as its predecessors like <a href="/wiki/National_Order_Party" title="National Order Party">National Order Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a>. They wanted to give the group the character of an ordinary <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative party</a> with its members being Muslim Democrats following the example of the Europe's <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian Democrats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2003-34">[32]</a> When the Virtue Party was also banned in 2001, a definitive split took place: the followers of <a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Felicity_Party" title="Felicity Party">Felicity Party</a> (SP) and the reformers founded the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> (AKP) under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> and Erdoğan. The pro-reform politicians realized that a strictly Islamic party would never be accepted as a governing party by the state apparatus and they believed that an Islamic party did not appeal to more than about 20 percent of the Turkish electorate. The AK party emphatically placed itself as a broad democratic conservative party with new politicians from the political center (like <a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a>), while respecting Islamic norms and values, but without an explicit religious program. This turned out to be successful as the new party won 34% of the vote in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">general elections of 2002</a>. Erdoğan became prime minister in March 2003 after the Gül government ended his political ban.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premiership">Premiership</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariano_Rajoy_visiting_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_in_Turkey_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mariano_Rajoy_visiting_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_in_Turkey_%285%29.jpg/220px-Mariano_Rajoy_visiting_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_in_Turkey_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mariano_Rajoy_visiting_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_in_Turkey_%285%29.jpg/330px-Mariano_Rajoy_visiting_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_in_Turkey_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mariano_Rajoy_visiting_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_in_Turkey_%285%29.jpg/440px-Mariano_Rajoy_visiting_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_in_Turkey_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Erdoğan during a press conference with Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>, at the Office of the Prime Minister (Başbakanlık), in 2014</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_elections">General elections</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002 Turkish general election</a>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish general election, 2007">Turkish general election, 2007</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish general election, 2011">Turkish general election, 2011</a></div> <a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">The elections of 2002</a> were the first elections in which Erdoğan participated as a party leader. All parties previously elected to parliament failed to win enough votes to re-enter the parliament. The AKP won 34.3% of the national vote and formed the new government. Turkish stocks rose more than 7% on Monday morning. Politicians of the previous generation, such as <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Ecevit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Bahceli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Çiller</a>, resigned. The second largest party, the CHP, received 19.4% of the votes. The AKP won a landslide victory in the parliament, taking nearly two-thirds of the seats. Erdoğan could not become Prime Minister as he was still banned from politics by the judiciary for his speech in Siirt. Gül became the Prime Minister instead. In December 2002, the Supreme Election Board canceled the general election results from Siirt due to voting irregularities and <a href="/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election" title="2003 Siirt Province by-election">scheduled a new election for 9 February 2003</a>. By this time, party leader Erdoğan was able to run for parliament due to a legal change made possible by the opposition Republican People's Party. The AKP duly listed Erdoğan as a candidate for the rescheduled election, which he won, becoming Prime Minister after Gül handed over the post.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> On 14 April 2007, an estimated 300,000 people marched in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> to protest against the possible candidacy of Erdoğan in the 2007 presidential election, afraid that if elected as president, he would alter the secular nature of the Turkish state.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> Erdoğan announced on 24 April 2007 that the party had nominated <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> as the AKP candidate in the presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kumbaracibasi2009-49">[47]</a> The protests continued over the next several weeks, with over one million people reported to have turned out at a 29 April rally in Istanbul,<a href="#cite_note-Reuters29-50">[48]</a> tens of thousands at separate protests on 4 May in <a href="/wiki/Manisa" title="Manisa">Manisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Milliyet-51">[49]</a> and one million in <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> on 13 May.<a href="#cite_note-swissinfo-52">[50]</a> The stage of the elections of 2007 was set for a fight for legitimacy in the eyes of voters between his government and the CHP. Erdoğan used the event that took place during the ill-fated Presidential elections a few months earlier as a part of the general election campaign of his party. On 22 July 2007, the AKP won an important victory over the opposition, garnering 46.7% of the popular vote. 22 July elections marked only the second time in the Republic of Turkey's history whereby an incumbent governing party won an election by increasing its share of popular support.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> On 14 March 2008, Turkey's Chief Prosecutor asked the country's Constitutional Court to ban Erdoğan's governing party.<a href="#cite_note-akptrial1-54">[52]</a> The party escaped a ban on 30 July 2008, a year after winning 46.7% of the vote in national elections, although judges did cut the party's public funding by 50%.<a href="#cite_note-akptrial2-55">[53]</a> In the June 2011 elections, Erdoğan's governing party won 327 seats (49.83% of the popular vote) making Erdoğan the only prime minister in Turkey's history to win three consecutive general elections, each time receiving more votes than the previous election. The second party, the Republican People's Party (CHP), received 135 seats (25.94%), the nationalist MHP received 53 seats (13.01%), and the Independents received 35 seats (6.58%).<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> A US$100 billion <a href="/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey" title="2013 corruption scandal in Turkey">corruption scandal in 2013</a> led to the arrests of Erdoğan's close allies, and incriminated Erdoğan.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referendums">Referendums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Turkish constitutional referendum">2007 Turkish constitutional referendum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_constitutional_referendum,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish constitutional referendum, 2010">Turkish constitutional referendum, 2010</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deniz_Baykal_%26_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Deniz_Baykal_%26_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/220px-Deniz_Baykal_%26_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Deniz_Baykal_%26_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/330px-Deniz_Baykal_%26_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Deniz_Baykal_%26_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/440px-Deniz_Baykal_%26_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan in a meeting with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Main_Opposition_Leaders_of_Turkey" title="List of the Main Opposition Leaders of Turkey">Main Opposition Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a> of the Republican People's Party (CHP)</figcaption></figure> After the opposition parties deadlocked the 2007 presidential election by boycotting the parliament, the ruling AKP proposed a constitutional reform package. The reform package was first vetoed by <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer" title="Ahmet Necdet Sezer">President Ahmet Necdet Sezer</a>. Then he applied to the Turkish constitutional court about the reform package, because the president is unable to veto amendments for the second time. The Turkish constitutional court did not find any problems in the packet and 68.95% of the voters supported the constitutional changes.<a href="#cite_note-official_results-60">[58]</a> The reforms consisted of electing the president by popular vote instead of by parliament; reducing the presidential term from seven years to five; allowing the president to stand for re-election for a second term; holding general elections every four years instead of five; and reducing from 367 to 184 the quorum of lawmakers needed for parliamentary decisions. Reforming the Constitution was one of the main pledges of the AKP during the 2007 election campaign. The main opposition party CHP was not interested in altering the Constitution on a big scale, making it impossible to form a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Commission" title="Constitutional Commission">Constitutional Commission</a> (Anayasa Uzlaşma Komisyonu).<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> The amendments lacked the two-thirds majority needed to become law instantly, but secured 336 votes in the 550-seat parliament – enough to put the proposals to a referendum. The reform package included a number of issues such as the right of individuals to appeal to the highest court, the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">ombudsman</a>'s office; the possibility to negotiate a nationwide labour contract; gender equality; the ability of civilian courts to convict members of the military; the right of civil servants to go on strike; a privacy law; and the structure of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a>. The referendum was agreed by a majority of 58%.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kurdish_issue">Kurdish issue</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_peace_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish peace process">Kurdish–Turkish peace process</a></div> In 2009, Prime Minister Erdoğan's government announced a plan to help end the quarter-century-long <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict">Turkey–Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict</a> that had cost more than 40,000 lives. The government's plan, supported by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, intended to allow the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish language</a> to be used in all broadcast media and political campaigns, and restored Kurdish names to cities and towns that had been <a href="/wiki/Geographical_name_changes_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical name changes in Turkey">given Turkish ones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arsu-63">[61]</a> Erdoğan said, "We took a courageous step to resolve chronic issues that constitute an obstacle along Turkey's development, progression and empowerment."<a href="#cite_note-Arsu-63">[61]</a> Erdoğan passed a partial amnesty to reduce penalties faced by many members of the Kurdish guerrilla movement <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">PKK</a> who had surrendered to the government.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> On 23 November 2011, during a televised meeting of his party in Ankara, he apologized on behalf of the state for the <a href="/wiki/Dersim_massacre" title="Dersim massacre">Dersim massacre</a>, where many <a href="/wiki/Alevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alevi">Alevis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaza_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaza people">Zazas</a> were killed.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> In 2013 the government of Erdoğan began a <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932015_PKK%E2%80%93Turkey_peace_process" title="2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process">peace process</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> (PKK) and the Turkish Government,<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> mediated by parliamentarians of the <a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">Peoples' Democratic party</a> (HDP).<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> In 2015, following AKP electoral defeat, the rise of a <a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">social democrat, pro-Kurdish rights opposition party</a>, and the minor <a href="/wiki/Ceylanp%C4%B1nar_incident#Background" title="Ceylanpınar incident">Ceylanpınar incident</a>, he decided that the peace process was over and supported the revocation of the parliamentary immunity of the HDP parliamentarians.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> Violent confrontation resumed in 2015–2017, mainly in the South East of Turkey, resulting in higher death tolls and <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)#External_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">several external operations</a> on the part of the Turkish military. Representatives and elected HDP have been systematically arrested, removed, and replaced in their offices, this tendency being confirmed after the <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="2016 Turkish coup attempt">2016 Turkish coup attempt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_purges" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish purges">the following purges</a>. Six thousand additional deaths occurred in Turkey alone for 2015–2022. Yet, as of 2022 the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)#Since_2013:_from_ceasefire_to_new_confrontations" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">intensity of the PKK-Turkey conflict</a> did decrease in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> In the previous decade, Erdogan and the AKP government used anti-PKK, martial rhetoric and external operations to raise Turkish nationalist votes before elections.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armenian_genocide">Armenian genocide</h4></div> Erdoğan has said multiple times that Turkey would acknowledge the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">mass killings of Armenians during World War I</a> as <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> only after a thorough investigation by a joint Turkish-Armenian commission consisting of historians, <a href="/wiki/Archaeologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologists">archaeologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientists">political scientists</a> and other experts.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Erdoganspeech-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> In 2005, Erdoğan and the <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">main opposition</a> party leader <a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a> wrote a letter to <a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">President of Armenia</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a>, proposing the creation of a joint Turkish-Armenian commission.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> Armenian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Vartan_Oskanian" title="Vartan Oskanian">Vartan Oskanian</a> rejected the offer because he asserted that the proposal itself was "insincere and not serious". He added: "This issue cannot be considered at historical level with Turks, who themselves politicized the problem."<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> In December 2008, Erdoğan criticized the <a href="/wiki/I_Apologize_campaign" title="I Apologize campaign">I Apologize campaign</a> by Turkish intellectuals to recognize the Armenian genocide, saying, "I neither accept nor support this campaign. We did not commit a crime, therefore we do not need to apologise ... It will not have any benefit other than stirring up trouble, disturbing our peace and undoing the steps which have been taken."<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars,_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey.jpg/250px-Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey.jpg/375px-Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey.jpg/500px-Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4213" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption>In 2011, Erdoğan called the 33-meter-tall (108 ft) Monument to Humanity, a statue dedicated to fostering Armenian and Turkish relations, "freakishly ugly" (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: ucube) and ordered it to be demolished. Erdoğan was subsequently fined by a Turkish judge for insulting the work and the creator was compensated due to the "violation of the freedom of expression".</figcaption></figure> In 2011, Erdoğan ordered the tearing-down of the 33-meter-tall (108 ft) <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Humanity" title="Monument to Humanity">Monument to Humanity</a>, a Turkish–Armenian friendship monument in <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a>, which was commissioned in 2006 and represented a metaphor of the rapprochement of the two countries after many years of dispute over the events of 1915. Erdoğan justified the removal by stating that the monument was offensively close to the tomb of an 11th-century Islamic scholar, and that its shadow ruined the view of that site, while Kars municipality officials said it was illegally erected in a protected area. However, the former mayor of Kars who approved the original construction of the monument said the municipality was destroying not just a "monument to humanity" but "humanity itself". The demolition was not unopposed; among its detractors were several Turkish artists. Two of them, the painter Bedri Baykam and his associate, Pyramid Art Gallery general coordinator Tugba Kurtulmus, were stabbed after a meeting with other artists at the Istanbul Akatlar cultural center.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> On 23 April 2014, Erdoğan's office issued a statement in nine languages (including two dialects of Armenian), offering condolences for the mass killings of Armenians and stating that the events of 1915 had inhumane consequences. The statement described the mass killings as the two nations' shared pain and said: "Having experienced events which had inhumane consequences – such as relocation – during the First World War, (it) should not prevent Turks and Armenians from establishing compassion and mutually humane attitudes among one another."<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> in April 2015, at a special <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">mass</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> marking the centenary of the events, described atrocities against Armenian civilians in 1915–1922 as "the first genocide of the 20th century". In protest, Erdoğan recalled the Turkish ambassador from the Vatican, and summoned the Vatican's ambassador, to express "disappointment" at what he called a discriminatory message. He later stated "we don't carry a stain or a shadow like genocide". US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> called for a "full, frank and just acknowledgement of the facts", but again stopped short of labelling it "genocide", despite his campaign promise to do so.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h4></div> During Erdoğan's time as Prime Minister, the far-reaching powers of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation#Turkey" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">1991 Anti-Terror Law</a> were reduced. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Turkey" title="Capital punishment in Turkey">death penalty</a> was abolished for all circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_initiative" title="Democratic initiative">Democratic initiative process</a> was initiated, with the goal to improve democratic standards in general and the rights of ethnic and religious minorities in particular. In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_and_Equality_Institution_of_Turkey" title="Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey">Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman_Institution" title="Ombudsman Institution">Ombudsman Institution</a> were established. The <a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture">UN Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture</a> was ratified. Children are no longer prosecuted under terrorism legislation.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> The Jewish community were allowed to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> publicly for the first time in modern Turkish history in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> The Turkish government approved a law in 2008 to return properties confiscated in the past by the state to non-Muslim foundations.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> It also paved the way for the free allocation of worship places such as synagogues and churches to non-Muslim foundations.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> However, European officials noted a return to more authoritarian ways after the stalling of Turkey's bid to join the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> notably on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Turkey" title="Censorship in Turkey">freedom of the press</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_of_Kurdish_people_in_Turkey" title="Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey">Kurdish minority rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> Demands by activists for the recognition of <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT rights</a> were publicly rejected by government members.<a href="#cite_note-Essentials-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> reported a continuous decrease in Freedom of the Press during Erdoğan's later terms, with a rank of around 100 on its <a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a> during his first term and a rank of 153 out of a total of 179 countries in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> reported a slight recovery in later years and awarded Turkey a Press Freedom Score of 55/100 in 2012 after a low point of 48/100 in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> In 2011, Erdoğan's government made legal reforms to return properties of Christian and Jewish minorities which were seized by the Turkish government in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> The total value of the properties returned reached $2 billion (USD).<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> Under Erdoğan, the Turkish government tightened the <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Turkey" title="Alcohol laws of Turkey">laws on the sale and consumption of alcohol</a>, banning all advertising and increasing the tax on alcoholic beverages.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy">Economy</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_debt_as_percent_of_GDP_-_Europe_major_economies.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Public_debt_as_percent_of_GDP_-_Europe_major_economies.PNG/220px-Public_debt_as_percent_of_GDP_-_Europe_major_economies.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Public_debt_as_percent_of_GDP_-_Europe_major_economies.PNG/330px-Public_debt_as_percent_of_GDP_-_Europe_major_economies.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Public_debt_as_percent_of_GDP_-_Europe_major_economies.PNG/440px-Public_debt_as_percent_of_GDP_-_Europe_major_economies.PNG 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Public debt of the six major European countries between 2002 and 2009 as a percentage of GDP</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_PPP_Emerging_economies.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GDP_per_capita_PPP_Emerging_economies.png/220px-GDP_per_capita_PPP_Emerging_economies.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GDP_per_capita_PPP_Emerging_economies.png/330px-GDP_per_capita_PPP_Emerging_economies.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GDP_per_capita_PPP_Emerging_economies.png/440px-GDP_per_capita_PPP_Emerging_economies.png 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption>GDP per capita PPP of Turkey compared to other emerging economies</figcaption></figure> In 2002, Erdoğan inherited a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish economy">Turkish economy</a> that was beginning to recover from a recession as a result of reforms implemented by <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Dervi%C5%9F" title="Kemal Derviş">Kemal Derviş</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Erdoğan supported Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> in enforcing macro-economic policies. Erdoğan tried to attract more foreign investors to Turkey and lifted many government regulations. The cash-flow into the Turkish economy between 2002 and 2012 caused a growth of 64% in real GDP and a 43% increase in GDP per capita; considerably higher numbers were commonly advertised but these did not account for the inflation of the US dollar between 2002 and 2012.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> The average annual growth in GDP per capita was 3.6%. The growth in real GDP between 2002 and 2012 was higher than the values from developed countries, but was close to average when developing countries are also taken into account. The ranking of the Turkish economy in terms of GDP moved slightly from 17 to 16 during this decade. A major consequence of the policies between 2002 and 2012 was the widening of the current account deficit from US$600 million to US$58 billion (2013 est.)<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Since 1961, Turkey has signed 19 IMF loan accords. Erdoğan's government satisfied the budgetary and market requirements of the two during his administration and received every loan installment, the only time any Turkish government has done so.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> Erdoğan inherited a debt of $23.5 billion to the IMF, which was reduced to $0.9 billion in 2012. He decided not to sign a new deal. Turkey's debt to the IMF was thus declared to be completely paid and he announced that the IMF could borrow from Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> In 2010, five-year <a href="/wiki/Credit_default_swap" title="Credit default swap">credit default swaps</a> for Turkey's sovereign debt were trading at a record low of 1.17%, below those of nine EU member countries and Russia. In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey">Turkish Central Bank</a> had $26.5 billion in reserves. This amount reached $92.2 billion in 2011. During Erdoğan's leadership, inflation fell from 32% to 9.0% in 2004. Since then, Turkish inflation has continued to fluctuate around 9% and is still one of the highest inflation rates in the world.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> The Turkish public debt as a percentage of annual GDP declined from 74% in 2002 to 39% in 2009. In 2012, Turkey had a lower ratio of public debt to GDP than 21 of 27 members of the European Union and a lower budget deficit to GDP ratio than 23 of them.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> In 2003, Erdoğan's government pushed through the Labor Act, a comprehensive reform of Turkey's labor laws. The law greatly expanded the rights of employees, establishing a 45-hour workweek and limiting overtime work to 270 hours a year, provided legal protection against discrimination due to sex, religion, or political affiliation, prohibited discrimination between permanent and temporary workers, entitled employees terminated without "valid cause" to compensation, and mandated written contracts for employment arrangements lasting a year or more.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education_2">Education</h4></div> Erdoğan increased the budget of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Education (Turkey)">Ministry of Education</a> from 7.5 billion lira in 2002 to 34 billion lira in 2011, the highest share of the national budget given to one ministry.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> Before his prime ministership the military received the highest share of the national budget. <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education</a> was increased from eight years to twelve.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> In 2003, the Turkish government, together with <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>, initiated a campaign called "Come on girls, [let's go] to school!" (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: Haydi Kızlar Okula!). The goal of this campaign was to close the <a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_education" title="Sex differences in education">gender gap</a> in primary school enrollment through the provision of a quality basic education for all girls, especially in southeast Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> In 2005, the parliament granted amnesty to students expelled from universities before 2003. The amnesty applied to students dismissed on academic or disciplinary grounds.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> In 2004, textbooks became free of charge and since 2008 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">every province in Turkey</a> has its own university.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> During Erdoğan's Premiership, the number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Turkey" title="List of universities in Turkey">universities in Turkey</a> nearly doubled, from 98 in 2002 to 186 in October 2012.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> The Prime Minister kept his campaign promises by starting the <a href="/wiki/Fatih_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatih project">Fatih project</a> in which all state schools, from preschool to high school level, received a total of 620,000 smart boards, while tablet computers were distributed to 17 million students and approximately one million teachers and administrators.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> In June 2017 a draft proposal by the ministry of education was approved by Erdoğan, in which the curriculum for schools excluded the teaching of the theory of <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">evolution of Charles Darwin</a> by 2019. From then on the teaching will be postponed and start at undergraduate level.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg/250px-1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg/375px-1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg/500px-1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3702" data-file-height="2665" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge" title="1915 Çanakkale Bridge">1915 Çanakkale Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_suspension_bridge_spans" title="List of longest suspension bridge spans">longest suspension bridge in the world</a>, was officially opened by Erdoğan in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-B1M-website-128">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-B1M-video-129">[127]</a></figcaption></figure> Under Erdoğan's government, the number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Turkey" title="List of airports in Turkey">airports in Turkey</a> increased from 26 to 50 in the period of 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Between the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 and 2002, there had been 6,000 km of <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">dual carriageway</a> roads created. Between 2002 and 2011, another 13,500 km of expressway were built. Due to these measures, the number of motor accidents fell by 50 percent.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> For the first time in Turkish history, <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Turkey" title="High-speed rail in Turkey">high speed railway lines</a> were constructed, and the country's <a href="/wiki/Ankara-Istanbul_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway">high-speed train service</a> began in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> In 8 years, 1,076 km of railway were built and 5,449 km of railway renewed. The construction of <a href="/wiki/Marmaray" title="Marmaray">Marmaray</a>, an undersea rail tunnel under the <a href="/wiki/Bosphorus_strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus strait">Bosphorus strait</a>, started in 2004. It was inaugurated on the 90th anniversary of the Turkish Republic 29 October 2013.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> The inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/Yavuz_Sultan_Selim_Bridge" title="Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge">Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge</a>, the third bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Bosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus">Bosphorus</a>, was on 26 August 2016.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Justice">Justice</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Court_of_Cassation_in_Ankara2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Court_of_Cassation_in_Ankara2.jpg/250px-Court_of_Cassation_in_Ankara2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Court_of_Cassation_in_Ankara2.jpg/375px-Court_of_Cassation_in_Ankara2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Court_of_Cassation_in_Ankara2.jpg/500px-Court_of_Cassation_in_Ankara2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>The new <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)" title="Court of Cassation (Turkey)">Court of Cassation (Yargıtay)</a> building in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> was opened in 2021.</figcaption></figure> In March 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Board_of_Judges_and_Prosecutors" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors">Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors</a> (HSYK) held a press conference to publicly protest the obstruction of the appointment of judges to the high courts for over 10 months. The HSYK said Erdoğan wanted to fill the vacant posts with his own appointees. Erdoğan was accused of creating a rift with Turkey's highest court of appeal, the <a href="/wiki/Yarg%C4%B1tay" class="mw-redirect" title="Yargıtay">Yargıtay</a>, and high administrative court, the <a href="/wiki/Dan%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay" class="mw-redirect" title="Danıştay">Danıştay</a>. Erdoğan stated that the constitution gave the power to assign these posts to his elected party.<a href="#cite_note-erdogancourtelection-135">[133]</a> In May 2007, the head of Turkey's High Court asked prosecutors to consider whether Erdoğan should be charged over critical comments regarding the election of <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> as president.<a href="#cite_note-erdogancourtelection-135">[133]</a> Erdoğan said the ruling was "a disgrace to the justice system", and criticized the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Court">Constitutional Court</a> which had invalidated a presidential vote because a boycott by other parties meant there was no <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a>. Prosecutors investigated his earlier comments, including saying it had fired a "bullet at democracy". <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BClay_Tu%C4%9Fcu" title="Tülay Tuğcu">Tülay Tuğcu</a>, head of the Constitutional Court, condemned Erdoğan for "threats, insults and hostility" towards the justice system.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-136">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil–military_relations">Civil–military relations</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government" title="Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government">Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visita_del_Presidente_de_Turqu%C3%ADa_a_la_Canciller%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA_(24663516722).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Visita_del_Presidente_de_Turqu%C3%ADa_a_la_Canciller%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA_%2824663516722%29.jpg/220px-Visita_del_Presidente_de_Turqu%C3%ADa_a_la_Canciller%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA_%2824663516722%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Visita_del_Presidente_de_Turqu%C3%ADa_a_la_Canciller%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA_%2824663516722%29.jpg/330px-Visita_del_Presidente_de_Turqu%C3%ADa_a_la_Canciller%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA_%2824663516722%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Visita_del_Presidente_de_Turqu%C3%ADa_a_la_Canciller%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA_%2824663516722%29.jpg/440px-Visita_del_Presidente_de_Turqu%C3%ADa_a_la_Canciller%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA_%2824663516722%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3429" data-file-height="4575" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan during an official visit to <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, with a member of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish army">Turkish army</a> behind him</figcaption></figure> The Turkish military has had a record of intervening in politics, having removed elected governments <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_coups_in_Turkey" title="Category:Military coups in Turkey">four times in the past</a>. During the Erdoğan government, civil–military relationship moved towards normalization in which the influence of the military in politics was significantly reduced.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> The ruling Justice and Development Party has often faced off against the military, gaining political power by challenging a pillar of the country's laicistic establishment. The most significant issue that caused deep fissures between the army and the government was the midnight <a href="/wiki/E-memorandum" title="E-memorandum">e-memorandum</a> posted on the military's website objecting to the selection of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> as the ruling party's <a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2007 Turkish presidential election">candidate for the Presidency</a> in 2007. The military argued that the election of Gül, whose wife wears an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_headscarf" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic headscarf">Islamic headscarf</a>, could undermine the laicistic order of the country. Contrary to expectations, the government responded harshly to former Chief of General Staff Gen. <a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkan%C4%B1t" title="Yaşar Büyükanıt">Yaşar Büyükanıt</a>'s e-memorandum, stating the military had nothing to do with the selection of the presidential candidate.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health_care">Health care</h4></div> After assuming power in 2003, Erdoğan's government embarked on a sweeping reform program of the Turkish healthcare system, called the Health Transformation Program (HTP), to greatly increase the quality of healthcare and protect all citizens from financial risks. Its introduction coincided with the period of sustained economic growth, allowing the Turkish government to put greater investments into the healthcare system. As part of the reforms, the "Green Card" program, which provides health benefits to the poor, was expanded in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> The reform program aimed at increasing the ratio of private to state-run healthcare, which, along with long queues in state-run hospitals, resulted in the rise of private medical care in Turkey, forcing state-run hospitals to compete by increasing quality. In April 2006, Erdoğan unveiled a social security reform package demanded by the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> under a loan deal. The move, which Erdoğan called one of the most radical reforms ever, was passed with fierce opposition. Turkey's three social security bodies were united under one roof, bringing equal health services and retirement benefits for members of all three bodies. The previous system had been criticized for reserving the best healthcare for civil servants and relegating others to wait in long queues. Under the second bill, everyone under the age of 18 years was entitled to free health services, irrespective of whether they pay premiums to any social security organization. The bill also envisages a gradual increase in the retirement age: starting from 2036, the retirement age will increase to 65 by 2048 for both women and men.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> In January 2008, the Turkish Parliament adopted a law to prohibit smoking in most public places. Erdoğan is outspokenly anti-smoking.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government" title="Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government">Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erdogan_foreign_trips_as_prime_minister.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Erdogan_foreign_trips_as_prime_minister.png/220px-Erdogan_foreign_trips_as_prime_minister.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Erdogan_foreign_trips_as_prime_minister.png/330px-Erdogan_foreign_trips_as_prime_minister.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Erdogan_foreign_trips_as_prime_minister.png/440px-Erdogan_foreign_trips_as_prime_minister.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Countries visited by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> as prime minister</figcaption></figure> Turkish foreign policy during Erdoğan's tenure as prime minister has been associated with the name of <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a>. Davutoğlu was the chief foreign policy advisor of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan before he was appointed foreign minister in 2009. The basis of Erdoğan's foreign policy is based on the principle of "don't make enemies, make friends"<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> and the pursuit of "zero problems" with neighboring countries.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> Erdoğan is co-founder of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Civilizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Civilizations">Alliance of Civilizations</a> (AOC). The initiative seeks to galvanize international action against <a href="/wiki/Extremism" title="Extremism">extremism</a> through the forging of international, intercultural and inter-religious dialogue and cooperation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Union">European Union</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–European Union relations">Turkey–European Union relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Peter_Balkenende,_Dutch_Prime_Minister_and_President_in_office_of_the_Council,_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan,_Turkish_Prime_Minister,_and_Abdullah_G%C3%BCl,_Turkish_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Jan_Peter_Balkenende%2C_Dutch_Prime_Minister_and_President_in_office_of_the_Council%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Turkish_Prime_Minister%2C_and_Abdullah_G%C3%BCl%2C_Turkish_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Jan_Peter_Balkenende%2C_Dutch_Prime_Minister_and_President_in_office_of_the_Council%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Turkish_Prime_Minister%2C_and_Abdullah_G%C3%BCl%2C_Turkish_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Jan_Peter_Balkenende%2C_Dutch_Prime_Minister_and_President_in_office_of_the_Council%2C_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%2C_Turkish_Prime_Minister%2C_and_Abdullah_G%C3%BCl%2C_Turkish_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan with President in office of the EU Council and Dutch Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jan_Peter_Balkenende" title="Jan Peter Balkenende">Balkenende</a> and Turkish FM <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Gül</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium (2004).</figcaption></figure> When Erdoğan came to power, he continued Turkey's long ambition of joining the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. Turkey, under Erdoğan, made many strides in its laws that would qualify for EU membership.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> On 3 October 2005 negotiations began for <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey's accession to the European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-145">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Erdoğan was named "The European of the Year 2004" by the newspaper <a href="/wiki/European_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="European Voice">European Voice</a> for the reforms in his country in order to accomplish the accession of Turkey to the European Union. He said in a comment that "Turkey's accession shows that Europe is a continent where civilisations reconcile and not clash."<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> On 3 October 2005, the negotiations for Turkey's accession to the EU formally started during Erdoğan's tenure as Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-145">[143]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> generally supports Erdoğan's reforms, but it remains critical of his policies. Negotiations about a possible <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> membership came to a standstill in 2009 and 2010, when Turkish ports were closed to Cypriot ships. The Turkish government continues its refusal to recognize <a href="/wiki/EU_member_state" class="mw-redirect" title="EU member state">EU member state</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece_and_Cyprus_dispute">Greece and Cyprus dispute</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Greece–Turkey relations">Greece–Turkey relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_George_Papandreou,_Erzurum_January_2011_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_George_Papandreou%2C_Erzurum_January_2011_08.jpg/220px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_George_Papandreou%2C_Erzurum_January_2011_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_George_Papandreou%2C_Erzurum_January_2011_08.jpg/330px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_George_Papandreou%2C_Erzurum_January_2011_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_George_Papandreou%2C_Erzurum_January_2011_08.jpg/440px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_George_Papandreou%2C_Erzurum_January_2011_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4539" data-file-height="3026" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan with <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greek Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a></figcaption></figure> Relations between Greece and Turkey were normalized during Erdoğan's tenure as prime minister. In May 2004, Erdoğan became the first Turkish Prime Minister to visit Greece since 1988, and the first to visit the <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Turkish minority</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> since 1952. In 2007, Erdoğan and Greek Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis">Kostas Karamanlis</a> inaugurated the Greek-Turkish natural gas pipeline giving Caspian gas its first direct Western outlet.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> Turkey and Greece signed an agreement to create a Combined Joint Operational Unit within the framework of NATO to participate in Peace Support Operations.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> Erdoğan and his party strongly supported the <a href="/wiki/2004_Cypriot_Annan_Plan_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Cypriot Annan Plan referendum">EU-backed referendum</a> to reunify Cyprus in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> Negotiations about a possible EU membership came to a standstill in 2009 and 2010, when Turkish ports were closed to Cypriot ships as a consequence of the economic isolation of the internationally unrecognized <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a> and the failure of the EU to end the isolation, as it had promised in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> The Turkish government continues its refusal to recognize the Republic of Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armenia">Armenia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Armenia–Turkey relations">Armenia–Turkey relations</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> is Turkey's only neighbor which Erdoğan has not visited during his premiership. The Turkish-Armenian border has been closed since 1993 because of the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a> with Turkey's close ally <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. Diplomatic efforts resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Armenia–Turkey relations">signing of protocols</a> between Turkish and Armenian Foreign Ministers in Switzerland to improve relations between the two countries. One of the points of the agreement was the creation of a joint commission on the issue. The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Armenia" title="Constitutional Court of Armenia">Armenian Constitutional Court</a> decided that the commission contradicts the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Armenia" title="Constitution of Armenia">Armenian constitution</a>. Turkey responded saying that Armenian court's ruling on the protocols is not acceptable, resulting in a suspension of the rectification process by the Turkish side.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> Erdoğan has said that Armenian President <a href="/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan" title="Serzh Sargsyan">Serzh Sargsyan</a> should apologize for calling on school children to re-occupy eastern Turkey. When asked by a student at a literature contest ceremony if Armenians will be able to get back their "western territories" along with Mt. Ararat, Sarksyan said, "This is the task of your generation".<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Russia–Turkey relations">Russia–Turkey relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High-Level_Russian-Turkish_Cooperation_Council.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/High-Level_Russian-Turkish_Cooperation_Council.PNG/220px-High-Level_Russian-Turkish_Cooperation_Council.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/High-Level_Russian-Turkish_Cooperation_Council.PNG/330px-High-Level_Russian-Turkish_Cooperation_Council.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/High-Level_Russian-Turkish_Cooperation_Council.PNG/440px-High-Level_Russian-Turkish_Cooperation_Council.PNG 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>High-Level Russian-Turkish Cooperation Council with Prime Minister Erdoğan and President Putin</figcaption></figure> In December 2004, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a> visited Turkey, making it the first presidential visit in the history of Turkish-Russian relations besides that of the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the USSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny">Nikolai Podgorny</a> in 1972. In November 2005, Putin attended the inauguration of a jointly constructed <a href="/wiki/Blue_Stream" title="Blue Stream">Blue Stream</a> natural gas pipeline in Turkey. This sequence of top-level visits has brought several important bilateral issues to the forefront. The two countries consider it their strategic goal to achieve "multidimensional co-operation", especially in the fields of energy, transport and the military. Specifically, Russia aims to invest in Turkey's fuel and energy industries, and it also expects to participate in tenders for the modernization of Turkey's military.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> The relations during this time are described by President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Medvedev</a> as "Turkey is one of our most important partners with respect to regional and international issues. We can confidently say that Russian-Turkish relations have advanced to the level of a multidimensional strategic partnership".<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> In May 2010, Turkey and Russia signed 17 agreements to enhance cooperation in energy and other fields, including pacts to build Turkey's first nuclear power plant and further plans for an oil pipeline from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. The leaders of both countries also signed an agreement on visa-free travel, enabling tourists to get into the other country for free and stay there for up to 30 days.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Turkey–United States relations">Turkey–United States relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erdogan_and_Obama_at_the_West_Colonnade,_Dec_7,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Erdogan_and_Obama_at_the_West_Colonnade%2C_Dec_7%2C_2009.jpg/220px-Erdogan_and_Obama_at_the_West_Colonnade%2C_Dec_7%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Erdogan_and_Obama_at_the_West_Colonnade%2C_Dec_7%2C_2009.jpg/330px-Erdogan_and_Obama_at_the_West_Colonnade%2C_Dec_7%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Erdogan_and_Obama_at_the_West_Colonnade%2C_Dec_7%2C_2009.jpg/440px-Erdogan_and_Obama_at_the_West_Colonnade%2C_Dec_7%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="1254" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, 7 December 2009</figcaption></figure> When <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> became <a href="/wiki/President_of_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="President of United States">President of United States</a>, he made <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">his first overseas bilateral meeting to Turkey</a> in April 2009. At a joint news conference in Turkey, Obama said: "I'm trying to make a statement about the importance of Turkey, not just to the United States but to the world. I think that where there's the most promise of building stronger <a href="/wiki/Turkey_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey – United States relations">U.S.-Turkish relations</a> is in the recognition that Turkey and the United States can build a model partnership in which a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> nation, a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> nation – a <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> nation and a nation that straddles two continents," he continued, "that we can create a modern international community that is respectful, that is secure, that is prosperous, that there are not tensions – inevitable tensions between cultures – which I think is extraordinarily important."<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iraq">Iraq</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Iraq–Turkey relations">Iraq–Turkey relations</a></div> Turkey under Erdoğan was named by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush Administration</a> as a part of the "<a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing" title="Coalition of the willing">coalition of the willing</a>" that was central to the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> On 1 March 2003, a motion allowing Turkish military to participate in the U.S-led coalition's invasion of Iraq, along with the permission for foreign troops to be stationed in Turkey for this purpose, was overruled by the Turkish Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> After the fall of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and Turkey signed 48 trade agreements on issues including security, energy, and water. The Turkish government attempted to mend relations with <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> by opening a Turkish university in <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a>, and a Turkish consulate in <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> Erdoğan's government fostered economic and political relations with <a href="/wiki/Irbil" class="mw-redirect" title="Irbil">Irbil</a>, and Turkey began to consider the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Regional Government">Kurdistan Regional Government</a> in northern Iraq as an ally against Maliki's government.<a href="#cite_note-Kurd-Shiite-Sunni-Split-161">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel">Israel</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Israel–Turkey relations">Israel–Turkey relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.jpg/220px-WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.jpg/330px-WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.jpg/440px-WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan walks out of the session at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in 2009, vows never to return.</figcaption></figure> Erdoğan visited Israel on 1 May 2005, a gesture unusual for a leader of a Muslim majority country.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-162">[160]</a> During his trip, Erdoğan visited the <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>, Israel's official memorial to the victims of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-162">[160]</a> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> addressed the Turkish parliament during a visit in 2007, the first time an Israeli leader had addressed the legislature of a predominantly Muslim nation.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> Their relationship worsened at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> conference over Israel's actions during the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza War (2008–09)">Gaza War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-164">[162]</a> Erdoğan was interrupted by the moderator while he was responding to Peres. Erdoğan stated: "Mister Peres, you are older than I am. Maybe you are feeling guilty and that is why you are raising your voice. When it comes to killing you know it too well. I remember how you killed the children on beaches..." Upon the moderator's reminder that they needed to adjourn for dinner, Erdoğan left the panel, accusing the moderator of giving Peres more time than all the other panelists combined.<a href="#cite_note-erdoganhurriyet-165">[163]</a> Tensions increased further following the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a> in May 2010. Erdoğan strongly condemned the raid, describing it as "state terrorism", and demanded an Israeli apology.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> In February 2013, Erdoğan called <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> a "crime against humanity", comparing it to Islamophobia, antisemitism, and fascism.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> He later retracted the statement, saying he had been misinterpreted. He said "everyone should know" that his comments were directed at "Israeli policies", especially as regards to "Gaza and the settlements".<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> Erdoğan's statements were criticized by <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">UN Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> In August 2013, the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet</a> reported that Erdoğan had claimed to have evidence of Israel's responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">removal of Morsi from office in Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Israelbehind-172">[170]</a> The Israeli and Egyptian governments dismissed the suggestion.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> In response to the <a href="/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">2014 Israel–Gaza conflict</a>, Erdoğan accused Israel of conducting "<a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>" and a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">"genocide attempt" against the Palestinians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> He also stated that "If Israel continues with this attitude, it will definitely be tried at international courts."<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Syria">Syria</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merkel,_Putin,_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_Macron_during_the_joint_press_release.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Merkel%2C_Putin%2C_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_Macron_during_the_joint_press_release.jpg/220px-Merkel%2C_Putin%2C_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_Macron_during_the_joint_press_release.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Merkel%2C_Putin%2C_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_Macron_during_the_joint_press_release.jpg/330px-Merkel%2C_Putin%2C_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_Macron_during_the_joint_press_release.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Merkel%2C_Putin%2C_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_Macron_during_the_joint_press_release.jpg/440px-Merkel%2C_Putin%2C_Erdo%C4%9Fan_and_Macron_during_the_joint_press_release.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> giving a press conference as part of Syria summit in Istanbul, Turkey</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Syria–Turkey relations">Syria–Turkey relations</a></div> During Erdoğan's term of office, diplomatic relations between Turkey and Syria significantly deteriorated. In 2004, President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> arrived in Turkey for the first official visit by a Syrian President in 57 years. In late 2004, Erdoğan signed a free trade agreement with Syria. Visa restrictions between the two countries were lifted in 2009, which caused an economic boom in the regions near the Syrian border.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> However, in 2011 the relationship between the two countries was strained following the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">conflict in Syria</a>. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said he was trying to "cultivate a favorable relationship with whatever government would take the place of Assad".<a href="#cite_note-Dif_relationship_against_Assad-177">[175]</a> However, he began to support the opposition in Syria, after demonstrations turned violent, creating a serious Syrian refugee problem in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> Erdoğan's policy of providing military training for anti-Damascus fighters has also created conflict with Syria's ally and a neighbour of Turkey, Iran.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations">Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations</a></div> In August 2006, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz as-Saud</a> made a visit to Turkey. This was the first visit by a <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a> monarch to Turkey in the last four decades. The monarch made a second visit, on 9 November 2007. Turk-Saudi trade volume has exceeded US$ 3.2 billion in 2006, almost double the figure achieved in 2003. In 2009, this amount reached US$ 5.5 billion and the goal for the year 2010 was US$ 10 billion.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> Erdoğan condemned the <a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a> and characterized the Saudi movement as "a new <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Karbala</a>". He demanded withdrawal of Saudi forces from <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egypt">Egypt</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Egypt–Turkey relations">Egypt–Turkey relations</a></div> Erdoğan had made his first official visit to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> on 12 September 2011, accompanied by six ministers and 200 businessmen.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_egypt-182">[180]</a> This visit was made very soon after Turkey had ejected Israeli ambassadors, cutting off all diplomatic relations with Israel because Israel refused to apologize for the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a> which killed eight Turkish and one Turco-American.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_egypt-182">[180]</a> Erdoğan's visit to Egypt was met with much enthusiasm by <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptians</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported some Egyptians saying "We consider him as the Islamic leader in the Middle East", while others were appreciative of his role in supporting Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_egypt-182">[180]</a> Erdoğan was later honoured in Tahrir Square by members of the Egyptian Revolution Youth Union, and members of the Turkish embassy were presented with a coat of arms in acknowledgment of the Prime Minister's support of the Egyptian Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-democrati-183">[181]</a> Erdoğan stated in a 2011 interview that he supported secularism for Egypt, which generated an angry reaction among Islamic movements, especially the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a>, which was the political wing of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt">Muslim Brotherhood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-democrati-183">[181]</a> However, commentators suggest that by forming an alliance with the military junta during Egypt's transition to democracy, Erdoğan may have tipped the balance in favor of an authoritarian government.<a href="#cite_note-democrati-183">[181]</a> Erdoğan condemned the <a href="/wiki/August_2013_Rabaa_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2013 Rabaa massacre">sit-in dispersals</a> conducted by Egyptian police on 14 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Rabaa_Al-Adawiya_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque">Rabaa al-Adawiya</a> and al-Nahda squares, where violent clashes between police officers and pro-Morsi Islamist protesters led to hundreds of deaths, mostly protesters.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> In July 2014, one year after the removal of <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a> from office, Erdoğan described Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> as an "illegitimate tyrant".<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Somalia">Somalia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Somalia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Somalia–Turkey relations">Somalia–Turkey relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_01_25_Turkish_President_Visit_to_Somalia-1_(16176887607).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2015_01_25_Turkish_President_Visit_to_Somalia-1_%2816176887607%29.jpg/220px-2015_01_25_Turkish_President_Visit_to_Somalia-1_%2816176887607%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2015_01_25_Turkish_President_Visit_to_Somalia-1_%2816176887607%29.jpg/330px-2015_01_25_Turkish_President_Visit_to_Somalia-1_%2816176887607%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2015_01_25_Turkish_President_Visit_to_Somalia-1_%2816176887607%29.jpg/440px-2015_01_25_Turkish_President_Visit_to_Somalia-1_%2816176887607%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3682" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan and Somalian President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a> opening the new terminal of Aden Abdulle International Airport in <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></figcaption></figure> Erdoğan's administration maintains strong ties with the Somali government. During the <a href="/wiki/2011_East_Africa_drought" title="2011 East Africa drought">drought of 2011</a>, Erdoğan's government contributed over $201 million to humanitarian relief efforts in the impacted parts of Somalia.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> Following a greatly improved security situation in <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a> in mid-2011, the Turkish government also re-opened its foreign embassy with the intention of more effectively assisting in the post-conflict development process.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> It was among the first foreign governments to resume formal diplomatic relations with Somalia after the civil war.<a href="#cite_note-nation-188">[186]</a> In May 2010, the Turkish and Somali governments signed a military training agreement, in keeping with the provisions outlined in the Djibouti Peace Process.<a href="#cite_note-Tssmtp-189">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a> became the first long-distance international commercial airline in two decades to resume flights to and from Mogadishu's <a href="/wiki/Aden_Adde_International_Airport" title="Aden Adde International Airport">Aden Adde International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nation-188">[186]</a> Turkey also launched various development and infrastructure projects in Somalia including building several hospitals and helping renovate the National Assembly building.<a href="#cite_note-nation-188">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests">Protests</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a></div> The 2013 <a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a> were held against the perceived <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a> of Erdoğan and his policies, starting from a small sit-in in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> in defense of a <a href="/wiki/Taksim_Gezi_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Taksim Gezi Park">city park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reflections-190">[188]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">police</a>'s intense reaction with <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a>, the protests grew each day. Faced by the largest mass protest in a decade, Erdoğan made this controversial remark in a televised speech: "The police were there yesterday, they are there today, and they will be there tomorrow". After weeks of clashes in the streets of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, his government at first apologized to the protestors<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> and called for a <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a>, but then ordered a crackdown on the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-Reflections-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div> Erdoğan took the oath of office on 28 August 2014 and became the 12th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">president of Turkey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> He administered the new Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a>'s oath on 29 August. When asked about his lower-than-expected 51.79% share of the vote, he allegedly responded, "there were even those who did not like the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Prophet</a>. I, however, won 52%".<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> Assuming the role of President, Erdoğan was criticized for openly stating that he would not maintain the tradition of presidential neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> Erdoğan has also stated his intention to pursue a more active role as president, such as utilizing the President's rarely used cabinet-calling powers.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> The political opposition has argued that Erdoğan will continue to pursue his own political agenda, controlling the government, while his new Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu would be docile and submissive.<a href="#cite_note-foxnews.com-197">[195]</a> Furthermore, the domination of loyal Erdoğan supporters in Davutoğlu's <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Davutoğlu">cabinet</a> fuelled speculation that Erdoğan intended to exercise substantial control over the government.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2014_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_presidential_campaign" title="2014 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign">2014 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_presidential_campaign" title="2018 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign">2018 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2023_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_presidential_campaign" title="2023 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign">2023 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_2018_elections,_ballots_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Turkey_2018_elections%2C_ballots_2.jpg/220px-Turkey_2018_elections%2C_ballots_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Turkey_2018_elections%2C_ballots_2.jpg/330px-Turkey_2018_elections%2C_ballots_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Turkey_2018_elections%2C_ballots_2.jpg/440px-Turkey_2018_elections%2C_ballots_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2749" data-file-height="1921" /></a><figcaption>Ballot paper for the <a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2018 Turkish presidential election">2018 presidential election</a></figcaption></figure> On 1 July 2014, Erdoğan was named the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AKP</a>'s presidential candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">Turkish presidential election</a>. His candidacy was announced by the Deputy President of the AKP, <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_%C5%9Eahin" title="Mehmet Ali Şahin">Mehmet Ali Şahin</a>. Erdoğan made a speech after the announcement and used the 'Erdoğan logo' for the first time. The logo was criticized because it was very similar to the logo that U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> Erdoğan was elected as the President of Turkey in the first round of the election with 51.79% of the vote, obviating the need for a run-off by winning over 50%. The joint candidate of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">MHP</a> and 13 other opposition parties, former <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Co-operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation of Islamic Co-operation">Organisation of Islamic Co-operation</a> general secretary <a href="/wiki/Ekmeleddin_%C4%B0hsano%C4%9Flu" title="Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu">Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu</a> won 38.44% of the vote. The pro-Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">HDP</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Demirta%C5%9F" title="Selahattin Demirtaş">Selahattin Demirtaş</a> won 9.76%.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> The 2018 Turkish presidential election took place as part of the <a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_general_election" title="2018 Turkish general election">2018 general election</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Turkish parliamentary election">parliamentary elections</a> on the same day. Following the approval of constitutional changes in a <a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">referendum</a> held in 2017, the elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a> will be both the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of Turkey, taking over the latter role from the to-be-abolished office of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> Incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared his candidacy for the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_(Turkey)" title="People's Alliance (Turkey)">People's Alliance</a> (Turkish: Cumhur İttifakı) on 27 April 2018,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] being supported by the MHP.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> Erdoğan's main opposition, the <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a>, nominated <a href="/wiki/Muharrem_%C4%B0nce" title="Muharrem İnce">Muharrem İnce</a>, a member of the parliament known for his combative opposition and spirited speeches against Erdoğan.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> Besides these candidates, <a href="/wiki/Meral_Ak%C5%9Fener" title="Meral Akşener">Meral Akşener</a>, the founder and leader of <a href="/wiki/Good_Party" title="Good Party">Good Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Temel_Karamollao%C4%9Flu" title="Temel Karamollaoğlu">Temel Karamollaoğlu</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Felicity_Party" title="Felicity Party">Felicity Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Doğu Perinçek</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Patriotic Party (Turkey)">Patriotic Party</a>, have announced their candidacies and collected the 100,000 signatures required for nomination. The alliance which Erdoğan was candidate for won 52.59% of the popular vote. For the <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2023 Turkish presidential election">presidential election 2023</a> his candidacy is in dispute as he has launched his campaign in June 2022,<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> but the opposition contends a third presidential term would violate the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> During the first round of ballots in the 2023 Presidential Election, Erdoğan failed to cross the 50% threshold, resulting in a second runoff election against <a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> On 28 May 2023 Erdoğan won the second round with 52.14% of the vote, with over 99% of the total vote counted.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> On March 8, 2024, he declared that he would retire once his presidential term ended in 2028.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referendum">Referendum</h3></div> In April 2017, a <a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a> was held, where the voters in Turkey (and Turkish citizens abroad) approved a set of 18 proposed amendments to the Constitution of Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> The amendments included the replacement of the existing <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a>. The post of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a> would be abolished, and the presidency would become an <a href="/wiki/Executive_president" title="Executive president">executive post</a> vested with broad executive powers. The parliament seats would be increased from 550 to 600 and the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">age of candidacy</a> to the parliament was lowered from 25 to 18. The referendum also called for changes to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Board_of_Judges_and_Prosecutors" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors">Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Local_elections">Local elections</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">2019 Turkish local elections</a></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">2019 local elections</a>, the ruling party AKP lost control of Istanbul and Ankara for the first time in 25 years, as well as 5 of Turkey's 6 largest cities. The loss has been widely attributed to Erdoğan's mismanagement of the Turkish economic crisis, rising authoritarianism as well as the alleged government inaction on the <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey">Syrian refugee crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-212">[210]</a> Soon after the elections, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Electoral_Council_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Electoral Council (Turkey)">Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey</a> ordered a <a href="/wiki/June_2019_Istanbul_mayoral_election" title="June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election">re-election in Istanbul</a>, cancelling <a href="/wiki/Ekrem_%C4%B0mamo%C4%9Flu" title="Ekrem İmamoğlu">Ekrem İmamoğlu's</a> mayoral certificate. The decision led to a significant decrease of Erdoğan's and AKP's popularity and his party lost the elections again in June with a greater margin.<a href="#cite_note-bbcelection-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-214">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-215">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-216">[214]</a> The result was seen as a huge blow to Erdoğan, who had once said that if his party 'lost Istanbul, we would lose Turkey. The opposition's victory was characterised as 'the beginning of the end' for Erdoğan',<a href="#cite_note-:02-217">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-thenational.ae-218">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-219">[217]</a> with international commentators calling the re-run a huge government miscalculation that led to a potential İmamoğlu candidacy in the next scheduled <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_general_election" title="2023 Turkish general election">presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-217">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-219">[217]</a> It is suspected that the scale of the government's defeat could provoke a cabinet reshuffle and early general elections, currently scheduled for June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> The New Zealand and Australian governments and opposition <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> party have criticized Erdoğan after he repeatedly showed video taken by the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shooter</a> to his supporters at campaign rallies for <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">31 March local elections</a> and said Australians and New Zealanders who came to Turkey with anti-Muslim sentiments "would be sent back in coffins like their grandfathers" at <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy_2">Domestic policy</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidential_palace">Presidential palace</h4></div> Erdoğan has also received criticism for the construction of a new official residence called the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Complex_(Turkey)" title="Presidential Complex (Turkey)">Presidential Complex</a>, which takes up approximately 50 acres of <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Forest_Farm_and_Zoo" title="Atatürk Forest Farm and Zoo">Atatürk Forest Farm</a> (AOÇ) in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> Since the AOÇ is protected land, several court orders were issued to halt the construction of the new palace, though building work went on nonetheless.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> The opposition described the move as a clear disregard for the rule of law.<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> The project was subject to heavy criticism and allegations were made; of corruption during the construction process, wildlife destruction and the complete obliteration of the zoo in the AOÇ in order to make way for the new compound.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> The fact that the palace is technically illegal has led to it being branded as the 'Kaç-Ak Saray', the word kaçak in Turkish meaning 'illegal'.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> Ak Saray was originally designed as a new office for the Prime Minister. However, upon assuming the presidency, Erdoğan announced that the palace would become the new Presidential Palace, while the <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ankaya_Mansion" title="Çankaya Mansion">Çankaya Mansion</a> will be used by the Prime Minister instead. The move was seen as a historic change since the <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ankaya_Mansion" title="Çankaya Mansion">Çankaya Mansion</a> had been used as the iconic office of the presidency ever since its inception. The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Complex">Presidential Complex</a> has almost 1,000 rooms and cost $350 million (€270 million), leading to strong criticism at a time when mining accidents and workers' rights had been dominating the agenda.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> On 29 October 2014, Erdoğan was due to hold a <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Turkey)" title="Republic Day (Turkey)">Republic Day</a> reception in the new palace to commemorate the 91st anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> and to officially inaugurate the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Complex">Presidential Palace</a>. However, after most invited participants announced that they would boycott the event and a mining accident occurred in the district of <a href="/wiki/Ermenek" title="Ermenek">Ermenek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karaman" title="Karaman">Karaman</a>, the reception was cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_media">The media</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_journalists_protesting_imprisonment_of_their_colleagues_in_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Turkish_journalists_protesting_imprisonment_of_their_colleagues_in_2016.jpg/220px-Turkish_journalists_protesting_imprisonment_of_their_colleagues_in_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Turkish_journalists_protesting_imprisonment_of_their_colleagues_in_2016.jpg/330px-Turkish_journalists_protesting_imprisonment_of_their_colleagues_in_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Turkish_journalists_protesting_imprisonment_of_their_colleagues_in_2016.jpg/440px-Turkish_journalists_protesting_imprisonment_of_their_colleagues_in_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>Turkish journalists protesting imprisonment of their colleagues on <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a>, 10 December 2016</figcaption></figure> President Erdoğan and his government continue to press for court action against the remaining free press in Turkey. The latest newspaper that has been seized is <a href="/wiki/Zaman_(newspaper)" title="Zaman (newspaper)">Zaman</a>, in March 2016.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> After the seizure <a href="/wiki/Morton_Abramowitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Morton Abramowitz">Morton Abramowitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Edelman" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Edelman">Eric Edelman</a>, former U.S. ambassadors to Turkey, condemned President Erdoğan's actions in an opinion piece published by <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>: "Clearly, democracy cannot flourish under Erdoğan now".<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> "The overall pace of reforms in Turkey has not only slowed down but in some key areas, such as freedom of expression and the independence of the judiciary, there has been a regression, which is particularly worrying", rapporteur <a href="/wiki/Kati_Piri" title="Kati Piri">Kati Piri</a> said in April 2016 after <a href="/wiki/The_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="The European Parliament">the European Parliament</a> passed its annual progress report on Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-Deutsche_Welle-235">[233]</a> On 22 June 2016, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that he considered himself successful in "destroying" Turkish civil groups "working against the state",<a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> a conclusion that had been confirmed some days earlier by <a href="/wiki/Sedat_La%C3%A7iner" title="Sedat Laçiner">Sedat Laçiner</a>, Professor of International Relations and rector of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_Onsekiz_Mart_University" title="Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University">Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University</a>: "Outlawing unarmed and peaceful opposition, sentencing people to unfair punishment under erroneous terror accusations, will feed genuine terrorism in Erdoğan's Turkey. Guns and violence will become the sole alternative for legally expressing free thought".<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> After the coup attempt, over 200 journalists were arrested and over 120 media outlets were closed. <a href="/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet">Cumhuriyet</a> journalists were detained in November 2016 after a long-standing crackdown on the newspaper. Subsequently, <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> called Erdoğan an "enemy of press freedom" and said that he "hides his aggressive dictatorship under a veneer of democracy".<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> In 2014, Turkey temporarily blocked access to <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Turkey_Blocks_Twitter-239">[237]</a> In April 2017, Turkey <a href="/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey" title="Block of Wikipedia in Turkey">blocked all access to Wikipedia</a> over a content dispute.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> The Turkish government lifted a two-and-a-half-year ban on Wikipedia on 15 January 2020, restoring access to the online encyclopedia a month after <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Turkey's top court</a> ruled that blocking Wikipedia was unconstitutional. On 1 July 2020, in a statement made to his party members, Erdoğan announced that the government would introduce new measures and regulations to control or shut down social media platforms such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, Twitter and <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>. Through these new measures, each company would be required to appoint an official representative in the country to respond to legal concerns. The decision came after a number of Twitter users insulted his daughter <a href="/wiki/Esra_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Esra Erdoğan">Esra</a> after she gave birth to her fourth child.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_of_emergency_and_purges">State of emergency and purges</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%93present_purges_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="2016–present purges in Turkey">2016–present purges in Turkey</a></div> On 20 July 2016, President Erdoğan declared the <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>, citing the coup d'état attempt as justification.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> It was first scheduled to last three months. The Turkish parliament approved this measure.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> The state of emergency was later continuously extended until 2018<a href="#cite_note-:1-244">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> amidst the ongoing <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_purges" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish purges">2016 Turkish purges</a> including <a href="/wiki/Turkey%27s_media_purge_after_the_failed_July_2016_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Turkey's media purge after the failed July 2016 coup d'état">comprehensive purges of independent media</a> and detention of tens of thousands of Turkish citizens politically opposed to Erdoğan.<a href="#cite_note-japantimes.co.jp-246">[244]</a> More than 50,000 people have been arrested and over 160,000 fired from their jobs by March 2018.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-244">[242]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Can_D%C3%BCndar_%26_Erdem_G%C3%BCl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Can_D%C3%BCndar_%26_Erdem_G%C3%BCl.jpg/220px-Can_D%C3%BCndar_%26_Erdem_G%C3%BCl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Can_D%C3%BCndar_%26_Erdem_G%C3%BCl.jpg/330px-Can_D%C3%BCndar_%26_Erdem_G%C3%BCl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Can_D%C3%BCndar_%26_Erdem_G%C3%BCl.jpg/440px-Can_D%C3%BCndar_%26_Erdem_G%C3%BCl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Turkish journalists <a href="/wiki/Can_D%C3%BCndar" title="Can Dündar">Can Dündar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erdem_G%C3%BCl" title="Erdem Gül">Erdem Gül</a> were arrested for leaking classified information about <a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish support to Islamist fighters in Syria</a></figcaption></figure> In August 2016, Erdoğan began rounding up journalists who had been publishing, or who were about to publish articles questioning corruption within the Erdoğan administration, and incarcerating them.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> The number of Turkish journalists jailed by Turkey is higher than any other country, including all of those journalists currently jailed in North Korea, Cuba, Russia, and China combined.<a href="#cite_note-journalists_jailed-249">[247]</a> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">coup attempt of July 2016</a> the Erdoğan administration began rounding up tens of thousands of individuals, both from within the government, and from the public sector, and incarcerating them on charges of alleged "terrorism".<a href="#cite_note-WashPost_35k-250">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_countercoup-252">[250]</a> As a result of these arrests, many in the international community complained about the lack of proper judicial process in the incarceration of Erdoğan's opposition.<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a>  In April 2017 Erdoğan successfully sponsored legislation effectively making it illegal for the Turkish legislative branch to investigate his executive branch of government.<a href="#cite_note-2017_referendum-254">[252]</a> Without the checks and balances of freedom of speech, and the freedom of the Turkish legislature to hold him accountable for his actions, many have likened Turkey's current form of government to a dictatorship with only nominal forms of democracy in practice.<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-democracy_falls-256">[254]</a> At the time of Erdoğan's successful passing of the most recent legislation silencing his opposition, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">United States President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> called Erdoğan to congratulate him for his "recent referendum victory".<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> On 29 April 2017 Erdoğan's administration began an internal <a href="/wiki/Internet_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet block">Internet block</a> of all of the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> online encyclopedia site via Turkey's domestic Internet filtering system. This blocking action took place after the government had first made a request for Wikipedia to remove what it referred to as "offensive content". In response, Wikipedia co-founder <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a> replied via a post on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> stating, "Access to information is a fundamental human right. Turkish people, I will always stand with you and fight for this right."<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> In January 2016, more <a href="/wiki/Academics_for_Peace" title="Academics for Peace">than a thousand academics</a> signed a petition criticizing Turkey's military crackdown on ethnic Kurdish towns and neighborhoods in the east of the country, such as Sur (a district of <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a>), <a href="/wiki/Silvan,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Silvan, Diyarbakır">Silvan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nusaybin" title="Nusaybin">Nusaybin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cizre" title="Cizre">Cizre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silopi" title="Silopi">Silopi</a>, and asking an end to violence.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> Erdoğan accused those who signed the petition of "terrorist propaganda", calling them "the darkest of people". He called for action by institutions and universities, stating, "Everyone who benefits from this state but is now an enemy of the state must be punished without further delay".<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> Within days, over 30 of the signatories were arrested, many in dawn-time raids on their homes. Although all were quickly released, nearly half were fired from their jobs, eliciting a denunciation from Turkey's Science Academy for such "wrong and disturbing" treatment.<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> Erdoğan vowed that the academics would pay the price for "falling into a pit of treachery".<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> On 8 July 2018, Erdoğan sacked 18,000 officials for alleged ties to US based cleric <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a>, shortly before renewing his term as an <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">executive president</a>. Of those removed, 9000 were police officers with 5000 from the armed forces with the addition of hundreds of academics.<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h4></div> Under his presidency, Erdoğan has decreased the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey">Central Bank</a> and pushed it to pursue a highly unorthodox monetary policy, decreasing interest rates even with high inflation.<a href="#cite_note-:7-265">[263]</a> He has pushed the theory that inflation is caused by high interest rates, an idea universally rejected by economists.<a href="#cite_note-:7-265">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> This, along with other factors such as excessive <a href="/wiki/Current_account_(balance_of_payments)" title="Current account (balance of payments)">current account</a> deficit and foreign-currency debt,<a href="#cite_note-tirto.id-267">[265]</a> in combination with Erdoğan's increasing <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>, caused an <a href="/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93current)" title="Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)">economic crisis starting from 2018</a>, leading to large depreciation of the Turkish lira and very high inflation.<a href="#cite_note-e101-268">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-challenge-269">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-crash-270">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a> Economist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a> described the unfolding crisis as "a classic currency-and-debt crisis, of a kind we've seen many times", adding: "At such a time, the quality of leadership suddenly matters a great deal. You need officials who understand what's happening, can devise a response and have enough credibility that markets give them the benefit of the doubt. Some emerging markets have those things, and they are riding out the turmoil fairly well. The Erdoğan regime has none of that".<a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy_2">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–European Union relations">Turkey–European Union relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:List_of_International_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/List_of_International_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.svg/220px-List_of_International_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/List_of_International_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.svg/330px-List_of_International_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/List_of_International_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.svg/440px-List_of_International_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Foreign trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> as President (since 2014)</figcaption></figure> In February 2016, Erdoğan threatened to <a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">send the millions of refugees in Turkey to EU</a> member states,<a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a> saying: "We can open the doors to Greece and Bulgaria anytime and we can put the refugees on buses ... So how will you deal with refugees if you don't get a deal?"<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> In an interview to the news magazine <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)">minister of defence</a> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> said on 11 March 2016 that the refugee crisis had made good cooperation between EU and Turkey an "existentially important" issue. "Therefore it is right to advance now negotiations on Turkey's EU accession".<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeting_between_the_leaders_of_Russia,_Turkey,_Germany_and_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Meeting_between_the_leaders_of_Russia%2C_Turkey%2C_Germany_and_France.jpg/220px-Meeting_between_the_leaders_of_Russia%2C_Turkey%2C_Germany_and_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Meeting_between_the_leaders_of_Russia%2C_Turkey%2C_Germany_and_France.jpg/330px-Meeting_between_the_leaders_of_Russia%2C_Turkey%2C_Germany_and_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Meeting_between_the_leaders_of_Russia%2C_Turkey%2C_Germany_and_France.jpg/440px-Meeting_between_the_leaders_of_Russia%2C_Turkey%2C_Germany_and_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Working dinner between the leaders of Turkey, Germany, France and Russia in Istanbul</figcaption></figure> In its resolution "The functioning of democratic institutions in Turkey" from 22 June 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> warned that "recent developments in Turkey pertaining to freedom of the media and of expression, erosion of the rule of law and the human rights violations in relation to anti-terrorism security operations in south-east Turkey have ... raised serious questions about the functioning of its democratic institutions".<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> In January 2017, Erdoğan said that the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish troops</a> from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> is "out of the question" and Turkey will be in Cyprus "forever".<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a> In September 2020, Erdoğan declared his government's support for <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> following <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">a major conflict</a> between Armenian and Azeri forces over a <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">disputed region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> He dismissed demands for a ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> In 2022, Erdoğan and Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> planned for <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> to become an energy hub for all of Europe through the <a href="/wiki/TurkStream" title="TurkStream">TurkStream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Stream" title="Blue Stream">Blue Stream</a> gas pipelines.<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-black_sea-pipelines-282">[280]</a> In October 2023 Erdoğan canceled attendance at the third <a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community (EPC)</a> meeting.<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin_meets_Erdogan_(2024-06-03)_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg/220px-Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg/330px-Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg/440px-Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan and Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> on 3 July 2024</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Finnish_and_Swedish_NATO_accession">Finnish and Swedish NATO accession</h5></div> In May 2022, Erdoğan voiced his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> joining <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, accusing the two countries of tolerating groups which Turkey classifies as terrorist organizations,<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> including the Kurdish militant groups <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">PKK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">PYD</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">YPG</a> and the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> Following a protest in Sweden where a Quran was burned, Erdogan re-iterated that he would not support Sweden's bid to join NATO.<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> <a href="/wiki/Sauli_Niinist%C3%B6" title="Sauli Niinistö">Sauli Niinistö</a> visited Erdogan in Istanbul and Ankara in March 2023. During the visit, Erdogan confirmed that he supported Finnish NATO membership and declared that the Turkish parliament would confirm Finnish membership before the Turkish Presidential elections in May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> On 23 March 2023, the Turkish parliament's foreign relations committee confirmed the Finnish NATO membership application and sent the process to the Turkish Parliament's plenary session.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a> On 1 April 2023, Erdoğan confirmed and signed the Turkish Grand National Assembly's ratification of Finnish NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> This decision sealed <a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland's entry to NATO</a>. In June 2023, Erdoğan again voiced his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden joining NATO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a> Just prior to the NATO summit in Vilnius in July 2023, Erdoğan linked Sweden's accession to NATO membership to <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey's application for EU membership</a>. Turkey had applied for EU membership in 1999, but talks made little progress since 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Huseyin_Hayatsever_2023_k001-292">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hande_Atay_Alam_2023_r971-293">[291]</a> In September 2023, Erdoğan announced that the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> was well into a rupture in its <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–European Union relations">relations with Turkey</a> and that they would part ways during Turkey's European Union membership process.<a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> However, on 23 October 2023, Erdoğan approved Sweden's pending NATO membership bid and sent the accession protocol to the Turkish Parliament for ratification.<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a> Two days later, Turkey's parliamentary speaker, <a href="/wiki/Numan_Kurtulmu%C5%9F" title="Numan Kurtulmuş">Numan Kurtulmuş</a>, sent a bill approving Sweden's NATO membership bid to parliament's foreign affairs committee.<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a> The committee discussed the ratification on 16 November 2023, but a decision was deferred,<a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a> with a request for Sweden to produce a written roadmap to implement its anti-terrorism commitments.<a href="#cite_note-298">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-soon-299">[297]</a> On 26 December 2023, the Turkish parliament's foreign relations committee confirmed the Swedish NATO membership application and sent the process to the Turkish Parliament's plenary session.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> On 25 January 2024, Erdoğan formally signed and approved the Turkish parliament's decision to ratify Swedish NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Summit,_Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg/220px-NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg/330px-NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg/440px-NATO_Summit%2C_Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6124" data-file-height="4082" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan and President of the European Commission <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> on 12 July 2023</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece">Greece</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Greece–Turkey relations">Greece–Turkey relations</a></div> There is a long-standing <a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">dispute between Turkey and Greece</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>. Erdoğan warned that Greece will pay a "heavy price" if Turkey's gas exploration vessel – in what Turkey said are disputed waters – is attacked.<a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a> He deemed the readmission of Greece into the military alliance NATO a mistake, claiming they were collaborating with terrorists.<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h5></div> In March 2017, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated to the Turks in Europe, "Make not three, but five children. Because you are the future of Europe. That will be the best response to the injustices against you." This has been interpreted as an imperialist call for demographic warfare.<a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, Erdoğan is the first Turkish leader to take the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a> seriously, which has created friction within these diaspora communities and between the Turkish government and several of its European counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Balkans">The Balkans</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeting_between_leaders_in_Istanbul,_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Meeting_between_leaders_in_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.jpg/220px-Meeting_between_leaders_in_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Meeting_between_leaders_in_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.jpg/330px-Meeting_between_leaders_in_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Meeting_between_leaders_in_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.jpg/440px-Meeting_between_leaders_in_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="925" /></a><figcaption>Meeting between leaders of Turkey, Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria and Serbia in Istanbul, 10 July 2017</figcaption></figure> In February 2018, President Erdoğan expressed Turkish support of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a>'s position during negotiations over the <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Macedonia naming dispute</a> saying that Greece's position is wrong.<a href="#cite_note-NeosKosmosstance-306">[304]</a> In March 2018, President Erdoğan criticized the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovan</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ramush_Haradinaj" title="Ramush Haradinaj">Ramush Haradinaj</a> for dismissing his Interior Minister and Intelligence Chief for failing to inform him of an unauthorized and illegal secret operation conducted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Organization (Turkey)">National Intelligence Organization of Turkey</a> on Kosovo's territory that led to the arrest of six people allegedly associated with the Gülen movement.<a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilham_Aliyev_attended_North_Atlantic_Council_meeting_on_NATO_Resolute_Support_Mission_in_Afghanistan_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ilham_Aliyev_attended_North_Atlantic_Council_meeting_on_NATO_Resolute_Support_Mission_in_Afghanistan_4.jpg/220px-Ilham_Aliyev_attended_North_Atlantic_Council_meeting_on_NATO_Resolute_Support_Mission_in_Afghanistan_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ilham_Aliyev_attended_North_Atlantic_Council_meeting_on_NATO_Resolute_Support_Mission_in_Afghanistan_4.jpg/330px-Ilham_Aliyev_attended_North_Atlantic_Council_meeting_on_NATO_Resolute_Support_Mission_in_Afghanistan_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ilham_Aliyev_attended_North_Atlantic_Council_meeting_on_NATO_Resolute_Support_Mission_in_Afghanistan_4.jpg/440px-Ilham_Aliyev_attended_North_Atlantic_Council_meeting_on_NATO_Resolute_Support_Mission_in_Afghanistan_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan with Azerbaijani President <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a> (middle) and Bosnian Presidency Chairman <a href="/wiki/Bakir_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Bakir Izetbegović">Bakir Izetbegović</a>, 12 July 2018</figcaption></figure> On 26 November 2019, <a href="/wiki/2019_Albania_earthquake" title="2019 Albania earthquake">an earthquake struck</a> the Durrës region of Albania. President Erdoğan expressed his condolences.<a href="#cite_note-HrriDaiNetu27-309">[307]</a> and citing close <a href="/wiki/Albanian-Turkish_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian-Turkish relations">Albanian-Turkish relations</a>, he committed Turkey to reconstructing 500 earthquake destroyed homes and other civic structures in <a href="/wiki/La%C3%A7" title="Laç">Laç</a>, Albania.<a href="#cite_note-TRTbanes-310">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lajmealturap-311">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kohatur-312">[310]</a> In Istanbul, Erdoğan organised and attended a donors conference (8 December) to assist Albania that included Turkish businessmen, investors and Albanian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Edi Rama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RTSHdon-313">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Turkey relations">Azerbaijan–Turkey relations</a></div> In September 2023, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> launched a large-scale <a href="/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh">military offensive</a> to recapture the <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians" title="Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians">Armenian</a>-populated <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>. Addressing the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, Erdoğan stated "As everyone now acknowledges, Karabakh is Azerbaijani territory. Imposition of another status [to the region] will never be accepted," and that "[Turkey] support[s] the steps taken by Azerbaijan—with whom we act together with the motto of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Turkey relations">one nation, two states</a>—to defend its territorial integrity."<a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> Erdoğan also met with Azerbaijan's President <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Turkey–United Kingdom relations">Turkey–United Kingdom relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_(53850724928).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853850724928%29.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853850724928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853850724928%29.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853850724928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853850724928%29.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853850724928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7404" data-file-height="4938" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan and British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2024_Washington_summit" title="2024 Washington summit">2024 NATO Summit</a> in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> In May 2018, British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> welcomed Erdoğan to the United Kingdom for a three-day state visit. Erdoğan declared that the United Kingdom is "an ally and a strategic partner, but also a real friend. The cooperation we have is well beyond any mechanism that we have established with other partners."<a href="#cite_note-316">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel_2">Israel</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Turkey,_March_2022_(GPOHA1_0866).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Turkey%2C_March_2022_%28GPOHA1_0866%29.jpg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Turkey%2C_March_2022_%28GPOHA1_0866%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Turkey%2C_March_2022_%28GPOHA1_0866%29.jpg/330px-Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Turkey%2C_March_2022_%28GPOHA1_0866%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Turkey%2C_March_2022_%28GPOHA1_0866%29.jpg/440px-Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Turkey%2C_March_2022_%28GPOHA1_0866%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1891" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan during a state visit of Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> to Turkey, 9 March 2022</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Israel–Turkey relations">Israel–Turkey relations</a></div> Relations between Turkey and Israel began to normalize after Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a> officially apologized for the death of the nine Turkish activists during the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a> However, in response to the <a href="/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">2014 Israel–Gaza conflict</a>, Erdoğan accused Israel of being "more barbaric than Hitler",<a href="#cite_note-318">[316]</a> and conducting "<a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>" and a "genocide attempt" against the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-319">[317]</a> In December 2017, President Erdoğan issued a warning to <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, after the U.S. President <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">acknowledged</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> as Israel's capital.<a href="#cite_note-320">[318]</a> Erdoğan stated, "Jerusalem is a red line for Muslims", indicating that naming Jerusalem as Israel's capital would alienate Palestinians and other Muslims from the city, undermining hopes at a future capital of a Palestinian State.<a href="#cite_note-Naftali_Bennett-321">[319]</a> Erdoğan called Israel a "terrorist state".<a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> <a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a> dismissed the threats, claiming "Erdoğan does not miss an opportunity to attack Israel".<a href="#cite_note-Naftali_Bennett-321">[319]</a> In April 2019, Erdoğan said the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> belongs to Palestinians, after Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> said he would annex <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> in the occupied <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> if he is re-elected.<a href="#cite_note-323">[321]</a> Erdoğan condemned the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–UAE peace agreement</a>, stating that Turkey was considering suspending or cutting off <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Turkey–United Arab Emirates relations">diplomatic relations</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> in retaliation.<a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a> The relations shifted back to normality since 2021, when the two countries started improving relations.<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a> In March 2022, Israeli president <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> visited Turkey, meeting Erdoğan.<a href="#cite_note-326">[324]</a> The two countries agreed to restore diplomatic relations in August 2022.<a href="#cite_note-327">[325]</a> Erdoğan condemned the Israeli attacks in the Gaza strip during <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">2023 Israel–Hamas war</a>, saying they are a violation of human rights, which led to accusations of hypocrisy as Turkey itself severely bombed <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish</a> areas at the same time, including many civilian targets.<a href="#cite_note-328">[326]</a> Erdoğan said that Israel's bombing and <a href="/wiki/October_2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade of the Gaza Strip</a> in retaliation for Hamas’ attack was a disproportionate response amounting to a "massacre."<a href="#cite_note-329">[327]</a> On 25 October 2023, Erdoğan said that <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> was not a terrorist organisation but a liberation group fighting to protect Palestinian lands and people.<a href="#cite_note-330">[328]</a> On 15 November 2023, he condemned Israel as a "terrorist state" and accused it of committing <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">genocide against the Palestinians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Syrian_Civil_War">Syrian Civil War</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_meeting_with_President_of_Turkey_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Barack_Obama_meeting_with_President_of_Turkey_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_meeting_with_President_of_Turkey_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Barack_Obama_meeting_with_President_of_Turkey_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/330px-President_Barack_Obama_meeting_with_President_of_Turkey_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Barack_Obama_meeting_with_President_of_Turkey_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/440px-President_Barack_Obama_meeting_with_President_of_Turkey_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="2788" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan meeting U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Wales_summit" title="2014 Wales summit">2014 Wales summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a>, Wales</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></div> Diplomatic relations between Turkey and Syria significantly deteriorated due to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>. Initially, while tens of thousand of Syrian refugees already crossed the border to Turkey, Turkish officials tried to convince Syrian President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> to make significant reforms to alleviate the conflict and calm down the protests.<a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a> The last of such meetings happened on 9 August 2011, during a seven-hour meeting between Assad and Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a>, giving the latter the title of 'the last European leader who visited Assad'.<a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a> Turkey got involved in a violent conflict with <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (IS) as part of the <a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">spillover of the Syrian Civil War</a>. IS executed a <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State-related_terrorist_attacks_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State-related terrorist attacks in Turkey">series of attacks against Turkish soldiers and civilians</a>. In an ISIS-video, where two Turkish soldiers were burned alive, Turkish President Erdoğan was verbally attacked by ISIS and threatened with the destruction of Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a> Turkey joined the <a href="/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against the Islamic State">international military intervention against the Islamic State</a> in 2015. The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a>' <a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a> was aimed at IS, and areas around <a href="/wiki/Jarabulus" title="Jarabulus">Jarabulus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Bab" title="Al-Bab">al-Bab</a> were conquered from IS.<a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a> In January 2018, the Turkish military and its allies <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sham_Legion" title="Sham Legion">Sham Legion</a> began <a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afrin_District" title="Afrin District">Afrin</a> in Northern Syria, against the Kurdish armed group YPG.<a href="#cite_note-336">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a> In October 2019, the United States gave the go-ahead to the <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a>, despite recently agreeing to a <a href="/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Northern Syria Buffer Zone</a>. <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">U.S. troops in northern Syria</a> were withdrawn from the border to avoid interference with the Turkish operation.<a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a> After the U.S. pullout, Turkey proceeded to attack the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a> Rejecting criticism of the invasion, Erdoğan claimed that <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> countries "sided with terrorists, and all of them attacked us".<a href="#cite_note-340">[338]</a> Erdoğan then filed a criminal complaint against French magazine <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a> after it accused him of conducting <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> in the area.<a href="#cite_note-341">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[340]</a> With Erdogan's control of the media fanning local nationalism,<a href="#cite_note-343">[341]</a> a poll by Metropoll Research found that 79% of Turkish respondents expressed support for the operation.<a href="#cite_note-344">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="China–Turkey relations">China–Turkey relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg/220px-Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg/440px-Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan, Chinese President <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and other leaders at the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a> summit on 16 September 2022</figcaption></figure> Bilateral trade between Turkey and China increased from $1 billion a year in 2002 to $27 billion annually in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-wapochina-345">[343]</a> Erdoğan has stated that Turkey might consider joining the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a> instead of the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-346">[344]</a> In 2009, Erdoğan accused China of "genocide" against the <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[345]</a> In 2019, the Turkish Foreign Ministry issued a statement condemning what it described as China's "reintroduction of concentration camps in the 21st century" and "a great cause of shame for humanity".<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Turkey-348">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a> Later that year, while visiting China, Erdoğan said that there were those who "exploited" the Uyghur issue to strain relations between China and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-350">[348]</a> Since then the Turkish government has largely toned down its criticisms of China's treatment of Uyghurs, and cracked down on Uyghur activists at China's behest, and has expanded deportations of Uyghurs to China.<a href="#cite_note-351">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Japan–Turkey relations">Japan–Turkey relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20181201summit04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20181201summit04.jpg/220px-20181201summit04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20181201summit04.jpg/330px-20181201summit04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20181201summit04.jpg/440px-20181201summit04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1569" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan meeting with Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> (2018)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Qatar_blockade">Qatar blockade</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2017_Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis">2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></div> In June 2017 during a speech, Erdoğan called the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">isolation of Qatar</a> as "inhumane and against Islamic values" and that "victimising Qatar through smear campaigns serves no purpose".<a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Myanmar">Myanmar</h4></div> In September 2017, Erdoğan condemned the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_in_Myanmar" title="Persecution of Muslims in Myanmar">persecution of Muslims in Myanmar</a> and accused <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> of "genocide" against the Muslim minority.<a href="#cite_note-355">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States_2">United States</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Turkey–United States relations">Turkey–United States relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeting_between_US_President_Biden_and_Turkish_President_Erdogan_together_with_foreign_ministers_Blinken_and_Cavusoglu_at_G20_in_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Meeting_between_US_President_Biden_and_Turkish_President_Erdogan_together_with_foreign_ministers_Blinken_and_Cavusoglu_at_G20_in_Rome.jpg/220px-Meeting_between_US_President_Biden_and_Turkish_President_Erdogan_together_with_foreign_ministers_Blinken_and_Cavusoglu_at_G20_in_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Meeting_between_US_President_Biden_and_Turkish_President_Erdogan_together_with_foreign_ministers_Blinken_and_Cavusoglu_at_G20_in_Rome.jpg/330px-Meeting_between_US_President_Biden_and_Turkish_President_Erdogan_together_with_foreign_ministers_Blinken_and_Cavusoglu_at_G20_in_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Meeting_between_US_President_Biden_and_Turkish_President_Erdogan_together_with_foreign_ministers_Blinken_and_Cavusoglu_at_G20_in_Rome.jpg/440px-Meeting_between_US_President_Biden_and_Turkish_President_Erdogan_together_with_foreign_ministers_Blinken_and_Cavusoglu_at_G20_in_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan in a meeting with US President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, Turkish Foreign Minister Çavusoğlu and US Secretary of State Blinken, October 2021</figcaption></figure> Over time, Turkey began to look for ways to buy its own missile defense system and also to use that procurement to build up its own capacity to manufacture and sell an air and missile defense system. Turkey got serious about acquiring a missile defense system early in the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">first Obama administration</a> when it opened a competition between the Raytheon Patriot PAC 2 system and systems from Europe, Russia, and even China.<a href="#cite_note-356">[354]</a> Taking advantage of the new low in U.S.-Turkish relations, Putin saw his chance to use an <a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">S-400</a> sale to Turkey, so in July 2017, he offered the air defense system to Turkey. In the months that followed, the United States warned Turkey that a S-400 purchase jeopardized Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement">F-35 purchase</a>. Integration of the Russian system into the NATO air defense net was also out of the question. Administration officials, including <a href="/wiki/Mark_Esper" title="Mark Esper">Mark Esper</a>, warned that Turkey had to choose between the S-400 and the F-35, that they could not have both. The S-400 deliveries to Turkey began on 12 July. On 16 July, Trump mentioned to reporters that withholding the F-35 from Turkey was unfair. Said the president, "So what happens is we have a situation where Turkey is very good with us, very good, and we are now telling Turkey that because you have really been forced to buy another missile system, we're not going to sell you the F-35 fighter jets".<a href="#cite_note-357">[355]</a> The U.S. Congress made clear on a bipartisan basis that it expected the president to sanction Turkey for buying Russian equipment.<a href="#cite_note-358">[356]</a> Out of the F-35, Turkey considered buying Russian <a href="/wiki/Fifth-generation_fighter" title="Fifth-generation fighter">fifth-generation jet fighter</a> <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-57" title="Sukhoi Su-57">Su-57</a>. On 1 August 2018, the U.S. Department of Treasury sanctioned two senior <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan IV">Turkish government ministers</a> who were involved in the detention of American pastor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brunson" title="Andrew Brunson">Andrew Brunson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[357]</a> Erdoğan said that U.S. behavior would force Turkey to look for new friends and allies.<a href="#cite_note-360">[358]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Turkey–United States relations">U.S.–Turkey tensions</a> appeared to be the most serious diplomatic crisis between the NATO allies in years.<a href="#cite_note-361">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[360]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20240614AS-1003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/P20240614AS-1003.jpg/220px-P20240614AS-1003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/P20240614AS-1003.jpg/330px-P20240614AS-1003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/P20240614AS-1003.jpg/440px-P20240614AS-1003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan and Biden at the <a href="/wiki/50th_G7_summit" title="50th G7 summit">50th G7 summit</a> in Italy, 14 June 2024</figcaption></figure> Trump's former national security adviser <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a> claimed that President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> told Erdoğan he would 'take care' of the investigation against Turkey's state-owned bank <a href="/wiki/Halkbank" title="Halkbank">Halkbank</a>, accused of bank fraud charges and laundering up to $20 billion on behalf of Iranian entities.<a href="#cite_note-363">[361]</a> Turkey criticized <a href="/wiki/The_Room_Where_It_Happened" title="The Room Where It Happened">Bolton's book</a>, saying it included misleading accounts of conversations between Trump and Erdoğan.<a href="#cite_note-364">[362]</a> In August 2020, the former vice president and presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> called for a new U.S. approach to the "autocrat" President Erdoğan and support for Turkish opposition parties.<a href="#cite_note-365">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[364]</a> In September 2020, Biden demanded that Erdoğan "stay out" of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a> between <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, in which Turkey supported the Azeris.<a href="#cite_note-KellyNagornoKarabakh-367">[365]</a> Meanwhile, Erdoğan wants to realize the <a href="/wiki/Zangezur_corridor" title="Zangezur corridor">Zangezur corridor</a> land route in the southern Caucasus,<a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a> a geopolitical corridor from Europe through Central Asia, all the way to China.<a href="#cite_note-369">[367]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Turkey–Venezuela relations">Turkey–Venezuela relations</a></div> Relations with Venezuela were strengthened with recent developments and high level mutual visits. The first official visit between the two countries at presidential level was in October 2017 when Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> visited Turkey. In December 2018, Erdoğan visited Venezuela for the first time and expressed his will to build strong relations with Venezuela and expressed hope that high-level visits "will increasingly continue".<a href="#cite_note-370">[368]</a> Reuters reported that in 2018 23 tons of mined gold were taken from Venezuela to Istanbul.<a href="#cite_note-8tons-371">[369]</a> In the first nine months of 2018, Venezuela's gold exports to Turkey rose from zero in the previous year to US$900 million.<a href="#cite_note-CNBCGold-372">[370]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a>, Erdoğan voiced solidarity with <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>'s President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> and criticized U.S. sanctions against Venezuela, saying that "political problems cannot be resolved by punishing an entire nation."<a href="#cite_note-373">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[372]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_uprising_attempt" title="2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt">2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt</a>, Erdoğan condemned the actions of lawmaker <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>, tweeting "Those who are in an effort to appoint a postmodern colonial governor to Venezuela, where the President was appointed by elections and where the people rule, should know that only democratic elections can determine how a country is governed".<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-375">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine_and_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Ukraine and Russian invasion of Ukraine</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signing_Ceremony_of_the_Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative_in_Istanbul.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Signing_Ceremony_of_the_Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative_in_Istanbul.png/220px-Signing_Ceremony_of_the_Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative_in_Istanbul.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Signing_Ceremony_of_the_Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative_in_Istanbul.png/330px-Signing_Ceremony_of_the_Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative_in_Istanbul.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Signing_Ceremony_of_the_Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative_in_Istanbul.png/440px-Signing_Ceremony_of_the_Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative_in_Istanbul.png 2x" data-file-width="1223" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>Signing of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">grain export deal</a> between Turkey, Ukraine, Russia and the UN in Istanbul, 2022</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_58.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_58.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_58.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_58.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2001" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan with Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyi">Volodymyr Zelenskyi</a> and UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> in Lviv, Ukraine, on 18 August 2022</figcaption></figure> In 2016, Erdoğan told his <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> counterpart <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> that Turkey would not recognize the <a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Russian annexation of Crimea">2014 Russian annexation of Crimea</a>; calling it "Crimea's occupation".<a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Erdoğan functioned as a mediator and peace broker.<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a> On 10 March 2022, Turkey hosted a trilateral meeting with Ukraine and Russia on the margins of <a href="/wiki/Antalya_Diplomacy_Forum" title="Antalya Diplomacy Forum">Antalya Diplomacy Forum</a>, making it the first high-level talks since the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-380">[378]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_peace_negotiations" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russia–Ukraine peace negotiations">peace talks</a> in Istanbul on 29 March 2022, Russia decided to leave areas around <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> On 22 July 2022, together with <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, Turkey <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">brokered a deal between Russia and Ukraine</a> about clearing the way for the export of grain from Ukrainian ports, following the <a href="/wiki/2022_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 food crises">2022 food crises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a> On 21 September 2022, a record-high of 215 Ukrainian soldiers, including fighters who led the defence of the <a href="/wiki/Azovstal_iron_and_steel_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Azovstal iron and steel works">Azovstal steelworks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Mariupol</a>, had been released in a <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_exchange" title="Prisoner exchange">prisoner exchange</a> with Russia after mediation by Turkish President Erdoğan.<a href="#cite_note-383">[381]</a> As part of the agreement, the freed captives stay in Turkey until the war is over.<a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a> While Turkey has closed the <a href="/wiki/Bosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus">Bosphorus</a> to Russian naval reinforcements, enforced United Nations sanctions<a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a> and supplied Ukraine with military equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_TB2" class="mw-redirect" title="Baykar Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a> drones and <a href="/wiki/BMC_Kirpi" title="BMC Kirpi">BMC Kirpi</a> vehicles, it didn't participate in certain sanctions like closing the Turkish airspace for Russian civilians and continued the dialogue with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> Erdoğan reiterated his stance on Crimea in 2022 saying that <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> requires that Russia must return Crimea to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-387">[385]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coup_d'état_attempt">Coup d'état attempt</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="2016 Turkish coup attempt">2016 Turkish coup attempt</a></div> On 15 July 2016, a coup d'état was attempted by the military, with aims to remove Erdoğan from government. By the next day, Erdoğan's government managed to reassert effective control in the country.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-attempted-coup-388">[386]</a> Reportedly, no government official was arrested or harmed, which, among other factors, raised the suspicion of a <a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a> event staged by the government itself.<a href="#cite_note-389">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:160801-D-PB383-016_US-General_Joseph_F._Dunford_Jr._tours_parts_of_the_Turkish_Grand_National_Assembly_that_were_destroyed_during_the_failed_July_15_coup_in_Ankara.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/160801-D-PB383-016_US-General_Joseph_F._Dunford_Jr._tours_parts_of_the_Turkish_Grand_National_Assembly_that_were_destroyed_during_the_failed_July_15_coup_in_Ankara.JPG/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/160801-D-PB383-016_US-General_Joseph_F._Dunford_Jr._tours_parts_of_the_Turkish_Grand_National_Assembly_that_were_destroyed_during_the_failed_July_15_coup_in_Ankara.JPG/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/160801-D-PB383-016_US-General_Joseph_F._Dunford_Jr._tours_parts_of_the_Turkish_Grand_National_Assembly_that_were_destroyed_during_the_failed_July_15_coup_in_Ankara.JPG/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3540" data-file-height="2656" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Turkish parliament</a> was bombed by jets during the failed coup of 2016</figcaption></figure> Erdoğan, as well as other government officials, has blamed an exiled cleric, and a former ally of Erdoğan, <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a>, for staging the coup attempt.<a href="#cite_note-391">[389]</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Soylu" title="Süleyman Soylu">Süleyman Soylu</a>, Minister of Labor in Erdoğan's government, accused the US of planning a coup to oust Erdoğan.<a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a> Erdoğan, as well as other high-ranking Turkish government officials, has issued repeated demands to the US to extradite Gülen.<a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a> Following the coup attempt, there has been a significant deterioration in Turkey-US relations. European and other world leaders have expressed their concerns over the situation in Turkey, with many of them warning Erdoğan not to use the coup attempt as an excuse to crack down on his opponents.<a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a> The rise of ISIS and the collapse of the Kurdish peace process had led to a sharp rise in terror incidents in Turkey until 2016. Erdoğan was accused by his critics of having a 'soft corner' for ISIS.<a href="#cite_note-396">[394]</a> However, after the attempted coup, Erdoğan ordered the Turkish military into Syria to combat ISIS and Kurdish militant groups.<a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a> Erdoğan's critics have decried purges in the education system and judiciary as undermining the rule of law<a href="#cite_note-398">[396]</a> however Erdoğan supporters argue this is a necessary measure as Gulen-linked schools cheated on entrance exams, requiring a purge in the education system and of the Gulen followers who then entered the judiciary.<a href="#cite_note-399">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[398]</a> Erdoğan's plan is "to reconstitute Turkey as a presidential system. The plan would create a centralized system that would enable him to better tackle Turkey's internal and external threats. One of the main hurdles allegedly standing in his way is Fethullah Gulen's movement ..."<a href="#cite_note-401">[399]</a> In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt</a>, a groundswell of national unity and consensus emerged for cracking down on the coup plotters with a National Unity rally held in Turkey that included Islamists, secularists, liberals and nationalists.<a href="#cite_note-402">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[401]</a> Erdoğan has used this consensus to remove Gulen's followers from the bureaucracy, curtail their role in NGOs, Turkey's Ministry of Religious Affairs and the Turkish military, with 149 Generals discharged.<a href="#cite_note-404">[402]</a> In a foreign policy shift Erdoğan ordered the Turkish Armed Forces into battle in Syria and has liberated towns from IS control.<a href="#cite_note-405">[403]</a> As relations with Europe soured over in the aftermath of the attempted coup, Erdoğan developed alternative relationships with Russia,<a href="#cite_note-406">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[405]</a> Saudi Arabia<a href="#cite_note-408">[406]</a> and a "strategic partnership" with <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Pakistan–Turkey relations">Pakistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-409">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-410">[408]</a> with plans to cultivate relations through free trade agreements and deepening military relations for mutual co-operation with Turkey's regional allies.<a href="#cite_note-411">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-413">[411]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_earthquake">2023 earthquake</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquakes" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes">2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes</a></div> On 6 February 2023, a <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquakes" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes">catastrophic earthquake</a> occurred during his administration in southeastern Turkey and northwestern Syria,<a href="#cite_note-414">[412]</a> killing more than 50,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-415">[413]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_public_image">Ideology and public image</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div> Early during his premiership, Erdoğan was praised as a role model for emerging Middle Eastern nations due to several reform packages initiated by his government which expanded religious freedoms and minority rights as part of <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">accession negotiations</a> with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-416">[414]</a> However, his government underwent several crises including the <a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(coup_plan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sledgehammer (coup plan)">Sledgehammer coup</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_trials" title="Ergenekon trials">Ergenekon trials</a>, corruption scandals, accusations of media intimidation, as well as the pursuit of an increasingly polarizing political agenda; the opposition accused the government of inciting political hatred throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-417">[415]</a> He has also been described as having "long championed Islamist causes".<a href="#cite_note-418">[416]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ziya_Gökalp">Ziya Gökalp</h3></div> In 2019, Erdoğan once again publicly recited <a href="/wiki/Ziya_G%C3%B6kalp" title="Ziya Gökalp">Ziya Gökalp</a>'s Soldier's Prayer poem, as he had done in 1997. According to <a href="/wiki/Hans-Lukas_Kieser" title="Hans-Lukas Kieser">Hans-Lukas Kieser</a>, these recitations betray Erdoğan's desire to create Gökalp's pre-1923 ideal, that is, "a modern, leader-led Islamic-Turkish state extending beyond the boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a>".<a href="#cite_note-419">[417]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottomanism">Ottomanism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanism</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Mahmoud_Abbas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Mahmoud_Abbas.jpg/180px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Mahmoud_Abbas.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Mahmoud_Abbas.jpg/270px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Mahmoud_Abbas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Mahmoud_Abbas.jpg/360px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Mahmoud_Abbas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan meeting Palestinian president Abbas in Erdoğan's <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Compound_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Compound (Turkey)">Presidential Palace</a></figcaption></figure> As President, Erdoğan has overseen a revival of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> tradition,<a href="#cite_note-Calian-420">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[419]</a><a href="#cite_note-Essentials-101">[99]</a> greeting Palestinian president <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> with an Ottoman-style ceremony in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Compound_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Compound (Turkey)">new presidential palace</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Guard_Regiment_(Turkey)" title="Presidential Guard Regiment (Turkey)">guards dressed</a> in costumes representing founders of <a href="/wiki/16_Great_Turkish_Empires" class="mw-redirect" title="16 Great Turkish Empires">16 Great Turkish Empires</a> in history.<a href="#cite_note-Presidency-422">[420]</a> While Prime Minister of Turkey, Erdoğan's AKP made references to the Ottoman era during election campaigns, such as calling their supporters 'grandsons of Ottomans' (Osmanlı torunu).<a href="#cite_note-423">[421]</a> This proved controversial, since it was perceived to be an open attack against the republican nature of modern Turkey founded by <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>. In 2015, Erdoğan made a statement in which he endorsed the old Ottoman term külliye to refer to university campuses rather than the standard Turkish word kampüs.<a href="#cite_note-424">[422]</a> Many critics have thus accused Erdoğan of wanting to become an Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a> and abandon the secular and democratic credentials of the Republic.<a href="#cite_note-425">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[426]</a> One of the most cited scholars alive, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, said that "Erdogan in Turkey is basically trying to create something like the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman Caliphate</a>, with him as <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a>, supreme leader, throwing his weight around all over the place, and destroying the remnants of democracy in Turkey at the same time".<a href="#cite_note-429">[427]</a> When pressed on this issue in January 2015, Erdoğan denied these claims and said that he would aim to be more like <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Queen</a> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> of the United Kingdom rather than like an Ottoman sultan.<a href="#cite_note-430">[428]</a> In July 2020, after the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Turkey)" title="Council of State (Turkey)">Council of State</a> annulled the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a>'s 1934 decision to establish the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a> as museum and revoking the monument's status, Erdoğan ordered its reclassification as a mosque.<a href="#cite_note-431">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-iletisim-432">[430]</a> The 1934 decree was ruled to be unlawful under both Ottoman and Turkish law as Hagia Sophia's <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a>, endowed by <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed the Conqueror">Sultan Mehmed II</a>, had designated the site a mosque; proponents of the decision argued the Hagia Sophia was the personal property of the sultan.<a href="#cite_note-433">[431]</a> This redesignation is controversial, invoking condemnation from the Turkish opposition, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, and many other international leaders.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-434">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC2020-435">[433]</a><a href="#cite_note-AJ2020-436">[434]</a> In August 2020, he also signed the order that transferred the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Chora_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Church">Chora Church</a> to the Directorate of Religious Affairs to open it for worship as a mosque.<a href="#cite_note-437">[435]</a> Initially converted to a mosque by the Ottomans, the building had then been designated as a museum by the government since 1934.<a href="#cite_note-Yackley-438">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-Calian-420">[418]</a> In August 2020, Erdoğan gave a speech saying that "in our civilization, conquest is not occupation or looting. It is establishing the dominance of the justice that Allah commanded in the region. First of all, our nation removed the oppression from the areas that it conquered. It established justice. This is why our civilization is one of conquest. Turkey will take what is its right in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Aegean Sea, and in the Black Sea."<a href="#cite_note-439">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-Calian-420">[418]</a> In October 2020, he made a statement before the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> that "<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> is ours", referring to the period of Ottoman rule over the city and the rebuilding of its <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a> by <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-440">[438]</a> In October 2023 the first church built with government backing in Turkey's 100-year history as a post-Ottoman state was inaugurated.<a href="#cite_note-441">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-443">[441]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</h3></div> Erdoğan has been the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> leader of Turkey since 2002.<a href="#cite_note-444">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-445">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-446">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-447">[444]</a> In the more recent years of Erdoğan's rule, Turkey has experienced increasing <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">democratic backsliding</a>, and corruption,<a href="#cite_note-448">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-450">[447]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>, and banning of <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">parties</a> or dissent.<a href="#cite_note-451">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-452">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[450]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[451]</a><a href="#cite_note-455">[452]</a> In response to criticism, Erdoğan made a speech in May 2014 denouncing allegations of dictatorship, saying that the leader of the opposition, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, who was there at the speech, would not be able to "roam the streets" freely if he were a dictator.<a href="#cite_note-456">[453]</a> Kılıçdaroğlu responded that political tensions would cease to exist if Erdoğan stopped making his polarizing speeches for three days.<a href="#cite_note-457">[454]</a> One observer said it was a measure of the state of Turkish democracy that Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> could openly threaten, on 20 December 2015, that, if his party did not win the election, Turkish Kurds would endure a repeat of the era of the <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_Intelligence_Organization" title="Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization">"white Toros"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYRB_CdeB-458">[455]</a> In April 2014, the President of the Constitutional Court, <a href="/wiki/Ha%C5%9Fim_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Haşim Kılıç">Haşim Kılıç</a>, accused Erdoğan of damaging the credibility of the judiciary, labelling Erdoğan's attempts to increase political control over the courts as 'desperate'.<a href="#cite_note-459">[456]</a> During the chaotic <a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2007 Turkish presidential election">2007 presidential election</a>, the military issued an <a href="/wiki/E-memorandum" title="E-memorandum">E-memorandum</a> warning the government to keep within the boundaries of secularism when choosing a candidate. Regardless, Erdoğan's close relations with <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a> and his Cemaat Movement allowed his government to maintain a degree of influence within the judiciary through Gülen's supporters in high judicial and bureaucratic offices.<a href="#cite_note-460">[457]</a><a href="#cite_note-461">[458]</a> Shortly after, an alleged coup plot codenamed <a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(coup_plan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sledgehammer (coup plan)">Sledgehammer</a> became public and resulted in the imprisonment of 300 military officers including <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_F%C4%B1rt%C4%B1na" title="İbrahim Fırtına">İbrahim Fırtına</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87etin_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Çetin Doğan">Çetin Doğan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engin_Alan" title="Engin Alan">Engin Alan</a>. Several opposition politicians, journalists and military officers also <a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_trials" title="Ergenekon trials">went on trial</a> for allegedly being part of an ultra-nationalist organization called <a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_(allegation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergenekon (allegation)">Ergenekon</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg/220px-Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg/330px-Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg/440px-Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan's supporters outside the White House in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, 16 May 2017</figcaption></figure> Both cases were marred by irregularities and were condemned as a joint attempt by Erdoğan and Gülen to curb opposition to the AKP.<a href="#cite_note-462">[459]</a> The original Sledgehammer document containing the coup plans, allegedly written in 2003, was found to have been written using <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Word 2007">Microsoft Word 2007</a>.<a href="#cite_note-463">[460]</a> Despite both domestic and international calls for these irregularities to be addressed in order to guarantee a fair trial, Erdoğan instead praised his government for bringing the coup plots to light.<a href="#cite_note-464">[461]</a> When Gülen publicly withdrew support and openly attacked Erdoğan in late 2013, several imprisoned military officers and journalists were released, with the government admitting that the judicial proceedings were unfair.<a href="#cite_note-465">[462]</a> When Gülen withdrew support from the AKP government in late 2013, a <a href="/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey" title="2013 corruption scandal in Turkey">government corruption scandal</a> broke out, leading to the arrest of several family members of cabinet ministers. Erdoğan accused Gülen of co-ordinating a "<a href="/wiki/Parallel_state" title="Parallel state">parallel state</a>" within the judiciary in an attempt to topple him from power. He then removed or reassigned several judicial officials in an attempt to remove Gülen's supporters from office. Erdoğan's 'purge' was widely questioned and criticized by the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-466">[463]</a> In early 2014, a new law was passed by parliament giving the government greater control over the judiciary, which sparked public protest throughout the country. International organizations perceived the law to be a danger to the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-467">[464]</a> Several judicial officials removed from their posts said that they had been removed due to their secularist credentials. The political opposition accused Erdoğan of not only attempting to remove Gülen supporters, but supporters of <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>'s principles as well, in order to pave the way for increased politicization of the judiciary. Several family members of Erdoğan's ministers who had been arrested as a result of the 2013 corruption scandal were released, and a judicial order to question Erdoğan's son Bilal Erdoğan was annulled.<a href="#cite_note-468">[465]</a> Controversy erupted when it emerged that many of the newly appointed judicial officials were actually AKP supporters.<a href="#cite_note-469">[466]</a> İslam Çiçek, a judge who ejected the cases of five ministers' relatives accused of corruption, was accused of being an AKP supporter and an official investigation was launched into his political affiliations.<a href="#cite_note-470">[467]</a> On 1 September 2014, the courts dissolved the cases of 96 suspects, which included Bilal Erdoğan.<a href="#cite_note-471">[468]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suppression_of_dissent">Suppression of dissent</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ntv-Van_Media_for_sales.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ntv-Van_Media_for_sales.png/220px-Ntv-Van_Media_for_sales.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ntv-Van_Media_for_sales.png/330px-Ntv-Van_Media_for_sales.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ntv-Van_Media_for_sales.png/440px-Ntv-Van_Media_for_sales.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/NTV_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="NTV (Turkey)">NTV</a> news van covered in anti-AKP protest graffiti in response to their initial <a href="/wiki/Media_censorship_and_disinformation_during_the_Gezi_Park_protests_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests in Turkey">lack of coverage</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Turkey" title="Censorship in Turkey">Censorship in Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Media freedom in Turkey">Media freedom in Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey%27s_media_purge_after_the_failed_July_2016_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Turkey's media purge after the failed July 2016 coup d'état">Turkey's media purge after the failed July 2016 coup d'état</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%93present_purges_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="2016–present purges in Turkey">2016–present purges in Turkey</a></div> Erdoğan has been criticized for his politicization of the media, especially after the 2013 protests. The opposition <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP) alleged that over 1,863 journalists lost their jobs due to their anti-government views in 12 years of <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AKP</a> rule.<a href="#cite_note-hurriyetdailynews.com-472">[469]</a> Opposition politicians have also alleged that intimidation in the media is due to the government's attempt to restructure the ownership of private media corporations. Journalists from the <a href="/wiki/Cihan_News_Agency" title="Cihan News Agency">Cihan News Agency</a> and the Gülenist <a href="/wiki/Zaman_(newspaper)" title="Zaman (newspaper)">Zaman newspaper</a> were repeatedly barred from attending government press conferences or asking questions.<a href="#cite_note-473">[470]</a> Several opposition journalists such as <a href="/wiki/Soner_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Soner Yalçın">Soner Yalçın</a> were controversially arrested as part of the <a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_trials" title="Ergenekon trials">Ergenekon trials</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(coup_plan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sledgehammer (coup plan)">Sledgehammer coup investigation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-474">[471]</a> Veli Ağbaba, a <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> politician, has called the AKP the 'biggest media boss in Turkey.'<a href="#cite_note-hurriyetdailynews.com-472">[469]</a> In 2015, 74 US senators sent a letter to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">US Secretary of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, to state their concern over what they saw as deviations from the basic principles of democracy in Turkey and oppressions of Erdoğan over media.<a href="#cite_note-475">[472]</a> Notable cases of media censorship occurred during the 2013 anti-government protests, when the mainstream media did not broadcast any news regarding the demonstrations for three days after they began. The lack of media coverage was symbolised by <a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a> covering the protests while <a href="/wiki/CNN_T%C3%BCrk" title="CNN Türk">CNN Türk</a> broadcast a documentary about penguins at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-476">[473]</a> The <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%9CK" class="mw-redirect" title="RTÜK">Radio and Television Supreme Council</a> (RTÜK) controversially issued a fine to pro-opposition news channels including <a href="/wiki/Halk_TV" title="Halk TV">Halk TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Kanal" title="Ulusal Kanal">Ulusal Kanal</a> for their coverage of the protests, accusing them of broadcasting footage that could be morally, physically and mentally destabilizing to children.<a href="#cite_note-477">[474]</a> Erdoğan was criticized for not responding to the accusations of media intimidation, and caused international outrage after telling a female journalist (<a href="/wiki/Amberin_Zaman" title="Amberin Zaman">Amberin Zaman</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>) to know her place and calling her a 'shameless militant' during his <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_presidential_campaign,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign, 2014">2014 presidential election campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-478">[475]</a> While the <a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">2014 presidential election</a> was not subject to substantial electoral fraud, Erdoğan was again criticized for receiving disproportionate media attention in comparison to his rivals. The British newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> commented that between 2 and 4 July, the state-owned media channel <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a> gave 204 minutes of coverage to Erdoğan's campaign and less than a total of 3 minutes to both his rivals.<a href="#cite_note-479">[476]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Y%C3%BCksekda%C4%9F_and_Demirta%C5%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Y%C3%BCksekda%C4%9F_and_Demirta%C5%9F.jpg/220px-Y%C3%BCksekda%C4%9F_and_Demirta%C5%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Y%C3%BCksekda%C4%9F_and_Demirta%C5%9F.jpg/330px-Y%C3%BCksekda%C4%9F_and_Demirta%C5%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Y%C3%BCksekda%C4%9F_and_Demirta%C5%9F.jpg/440px-Y%C3%BCksekda%C4%9F_and_Demirta%C5%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>Opposition politicians <a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Demirtas" class="mw-redirect" title="Selahattin Demirtas">Selahattin Demirtaş</a> and <a href="/wiki/Figen_Y%C3%BCksekda%C4%9F" title="Figen Yüksekdağ">Figen Yüksekdağ</a> had been arrested on terrorism charges.</figcaption></figure> Erdoğan also <a href="/wiki/Internet_regulation_in_Turkey" title="Internet regulation in Turkey">tightened controls over the Internet</a>, signing into law a bill which allows the government to block websites without prior court order on 12 September 2014.<a href="#cite_note-480">[477]</a> His government blocked <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> in late March 2014 following the release of a recording of a conversation between him and his son <a href="/wiki/Bilal_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Bilal Erdoğan">Bilal</a>, where Erdoğan allegedly warned his family to 'nullify' all cash reserves at their home amid the <a href="/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey" title="2013 corruption scandal in Turkey">2013 corruption scandal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-481">[478]</a> Erdoğan has undertaken a media campaign that attempts to portray the presidential family as frugal and simple-living; their palace electricity-bill is estimated at $500,000 per month.<a href="#cite_note-AlMon_lavish-482">[479]</a> In November 2016, the Turkish government<a href="#cite_note-japantimes.co.jp-246">[244]</a> blocked access to <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> in all of Turkey<a href="#cite_note-BanReimposed1-483">[480]</a> as well as sought to completely block Internet access for the citizens in the southeast of the country.<a href="#cite_note-BanReimposed2-484">[481]</a> Since the 2016 coup attempt, authorities arrested or imprisoned more than 90,000 Turkish citizens.<a href="#cite_note-485">[482]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Insulting_the_President_lawsuits">Insulting the President lawsuits</h5></div> In February 2015, a 13-year-old was charged by a prosecutor after allegedly <a href="/wiki/Article_299_(Turkish_Penal_Code)" title="Article 299 (Turkish Penal Code)">insulting Erdoğan</a> on Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-486">[483]</a><a href="#cite_note-487">[484]</a> In 2016, a waiter was arrested for insulting Erdoğan by allegedly saying "If Erdoğan comes here, I will not even serve tea to him.".<a href="#cite_note-488">[485]</a> Between 2016<a href="#cite_note-489">[486]</a> and 2023 there were trials for insulting the president for having <a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan-Gollum_comparison_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdoğan-Gollum comparison trials">compared Erdogan to Gollum</a>, a fictional character of <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">Lord of the Rings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-490">[487]</a> In May 2016, former <a href="/wiki/Miss_Turkey" title="Miss Turkey">Miss Turkey</a> model <a href="/wiki/Merve_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCksara%C3%A7" title="Merve Büyüksaraç">Merve Büyüksaraç</a> was sentenced to more than a year in prison for allegedly insulting the president.<a href="#cite_note-twsBBC1-491">[488]</a><a href="#cite_note-twsFrance24-492">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-twsGuardian1-493">[490]</a> Between 2014 and 2019, 128,872 investigations were launched for insulting the president and prosecutors opened 27,717 criminal cases.<a href="#cite_note-:32-494">[491]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mehmet_Aksoy_lawsuit">Mehmet Aksoy lawsuit</h5></div> In 2009, Turkish sculptor <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Aksoy_(sculptor)" title="Mehmet Aksoy (sculptor)">Mehmet Aksoy</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of Humanity">Statue of Humanity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a> to promote reconciliation between Turkey and <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>. When visiting the city in 2011, Erdoğan deemed the statue a "freak", and months later it was demolished.<a href="#cite_note-495">[492]</a> Aksoy sued Erdoğan for "moral indemnities", although his lawyer said that his statement was a critique rather than an insult. In March 2015, a judge ordered Erdoğan to pay 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">liras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-496">[493]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></div> The term Erdoğanism first emerged shortly after Erdoğan's <a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011 general election</a> victory, where it was predominantly described as the AKP's <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">liberal economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_democracy" title="Conservative democracy">conservative democratic</a> ideals fused with Erdoğan's <a href="/wiki/Demagoguery" class="mw-redirect" title="Demagoguery">demagoguery</a> and cult of personality.<a href="#cite_note-497">[494]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_minorities">Views on minorities</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBT">LGBT</h4></div> In 2002, Erdoğan said that "homosexuals must be legally protected within the framework of their rights and freedoms. From time to time, we do not find the treatment they get on some television screens humane", he said.<a href="#cite_note-498">[495]</a><a href="#cite_note-499">[496]</a><a href="#cite_note-500">[497]</a> However, in 2017 Erdoğan has said that empowering <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT people in Turkey</a> was "against the values of our nation".<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-501">[498]</a> In 2020, amid the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Turkey's top Muslim scholar and President of Religious Affairs, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Erba%C5%9F" title="Ali Erbaş">Ali Erbaş</a>, said in a Friday Ramadan announcement that the country condemns <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> because it "brings illness", insinuating that same sex relations are responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-lgbt-502">[499]</a> Recep Tayyip Erdoğan backed Erbaş, saying that what Erbaş "said was totally right."<a href="#cite_note-503">[500]</a> Starting from 2023, Erdoğan began openly speaking against LGBT people, openly saying that his Coalition "are against the LGBT", and accusing the Turkish opposition of being LGBT.<a href="#cite_note-504">[501]</a> In 2023, Erdogan blamed LGBTQ+ people for "undermining family values" in Turkey and called his political opponents "gays" in a derogatory manner. Third-party sources have criticized this; seeing it as a bid to distract the public from the ruling party's failings—particularly on the country's economy; according to these sources, by targeting Turkey's minority groups, he rallies his base amid <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Turkish_currency_and_debt_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–2022 Turkish currency and debt crisis">the country's ongoing economic troubles</a> to raise the prospects of winning the <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_general_election" title="2023 Turkish general election">2023 general elections in his country</a>, which are seen as critical for his nearly 20-year rule.<a href="#cite_note-505">[502]</a><a href="#cite_note-506">[503]</a><a href="#cite_note-507">[504]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jews">Jews</h4></div> While Erdoğan has declared several times that he is against <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-508">[505]</a><a href="#cite_note-4april2016-509">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-510">[507]</a><a href="#cite_note-511">[508]</a><a href="#cite_note-512">[509]</a> he has been accused of invoking <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canard" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canard">antisemitic stereotypes</a> in public statements.<a href="#cite_note-513">[510]</a><a href="#cite_note-514">[511]</a><a href="#cite_note-515">[512]</a><a href="#cite_note-516">[513]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_family_attended_TEKNOFEST_Azerbaijan_festival_in_Baku_30_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_family_attended_TEKNOFEST_Azerbaijan_festival_in_Baku_30_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_family_attended_TEKNOFEST_Azerbaijan_festival_in_Baku_30_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_family_attended_TEKNOFEST_Azerbaijan_festival_in_Baku_30_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_family_attended_TEKNOFEST_Azerbaijan_festival_in_Baku_30_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_family_attended_TEKNOFEST_Azerbaijan_festival_in_Baku_30_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_family_attended_TEKNOFEST_Azerbaijan_festival_in_Baku_30_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan (center) with his spouse <a href="/wiki/Emine_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Emine Erdoğan">Emine</a> (center-right), granddaughter Canan Aybüke (center-left), and son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk_Bayraktar" title="Selçuk Bayraktar">Selçuk Bayraktar</a> (left) at <a href="/wiki/Teknofest" title="Teknofest">Teknofest</a> festival in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (2022)</figcaption></figure> Erdoğan married <a href="/wiki/Emine_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Emine Erdoğan">Emine Erdoğan</a> (née Gülbaran; b. 1955, <a href="/wiki/Siirt" title="Siirt">Siirt</a>) on 4 July 1978.<a href="#cite_note-milliyeterdoganbio-517">[514]</a> They have two sons, <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Burak_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Ahmet Burak Erdoğan">Ahmet Burak</a> (b. 1979) and <a href="/wiki/Bilal_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Bilal Erdoğan">Necmettin Bilal</a> (b. 1981), and two daughters, <a href="/wiki/Esra_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Esra Erdoğan">Esra</a> (b. 1983) and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmeyye_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Sümeyye Erdoğan">Sümeyye</a> (b. 1985).<a href="#cite_note-milliyeterdoganbio-517">[514]</a> His father, Ahmet Erdoğan, died in 1988 and his mother, Tenzile Erdoğan, died in 2011 at the age of 87.<a href="#cite_note-518">[515]</a> Erdoğan has a brother, Mustafa (b. 1958), and a sister, Vesile (b. 1965).<a href="#cite_note-İşte_Ahmet_Kaptan'ın_bilinmeyen_hikayesi-519">[516]</a> From his father's first marriage to Havuli Erdoğan (d. 1980), he had two half-brothers: Mehmet (1926–1988) and Hasan (1929–2006).<a href="#cite_note-520">[517]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Office </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Type </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Main opponent </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan="4">Votes for Erdoğan or his party </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Result </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;">Total </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;">% </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><abbr title="Position">P</abbr>. </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±% </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/1983_Turkish_general_election" title="1983 Turkish general election">1984</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">National </td> <td style="background-color:#FF2E84;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">RP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Hüsnü Doğan">Hüsnü Doğan</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFD300;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a> </td> <td>31,247 </td> <td>8.57 </td> <td>5th </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="background-color:#ffccc9;">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/1989_Turkish_local_elections" title="1989 Turkish local elections">1989</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Mayor of Beyoğlu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Local </td> <td style="background-color:#FF2E84;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">RP</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Aslan (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Aslan</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DD0000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Populist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)">SHP</a> </td> <td>21,706 </td> <td>22.83 </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>+17.71 </td> <td style="background-color:#ffccc9;">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">National </td> <td style="background-color:#FF2E84;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">RP</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahattin_Y%C3%BCcel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahattin Yücel (page does not exist)">Bahattin Yücel</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFD300;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a> </td> <td>70,555 </td> <td>20.01 </td> <td>5th </td> <td>+12.69 </td> <td style="background-color:#ffccc9;">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/1994_Turkish_local_elections" title="1994 Turkish local elections">1994</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Istanbul">Mayor of Istanbul</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Local </td> <td style="background-color:#FF2E84;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">RP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhan_Kesici" title="İlhan Kesici">İlhan Kesici</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFD300;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a> </td> <td>973,704 </td> <td>25.19 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>+14.74 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">National </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>10,808,229 </td> <td>34.28 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>+34.28 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2004_Turkish_local_elections" title="2004 Turkish local elections">2004</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Party leader</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Local </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>13,448,587 </td> <td>41.67 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>+41.67 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">National </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>16,327,291 </td> <td>46.58 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>+12.30 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections" title="2009 Turkish local elections">2009</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Party leader</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Local </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>15,353,553 </td> <td>38.39 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>-3.28 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">National </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>21,399,082 </td> <td>49.83 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>+3.25 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_local_elections" title="2014 Turkish local elections">2014</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Party leader</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Local </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>17,802,976 </td> <td>42.87 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>+4.48 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">2014</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">National </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ekmeleddin_%C4%B0hsano%C4%9Flu" title="Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu">Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>21,000,143 </td> <td>51.79 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2018 Turkish presidential election">2018</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;">National </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muharrem_%C4%B0nce" title="Muharrem İnce">Muharrem İnce</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>26,330,823 </td> <td>52.59 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>+0.80 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">2019</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Party leader</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Local </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>19,766,640 </td> <td>42.55 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>-0.32 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2023 Turkish presidential election">2023</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">National </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>27,725,131 </td> <td>52.16 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>-0.43 </td> <td style="background-color:#9aff99;">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><a href="/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections" title="2024 Turkish local elections">2024</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Party leader</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Local </td> <td style="background-color:#fda000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AK Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_%C3%96zel" title="Özgür Özel">Özgür Özel</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td> <td>16,339,771 </td> <td>35.49 </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>-7.06 </td> <td style="background-color:#ffccc9;">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan="13"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_accolades">Honours and accolades</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_honorary_doctorates_awarded_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of honorary doctorates awarded to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">List of honorary doctorates awarded to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_Delivers_Remarks_in_Honor_of_Turkish_Prime_Minister_Erdogan_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Kerry_Delivers_Remarks_in_Honor_of_Turkish_Prime_Minister_Erdogan_%282%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Kerry_Delivers_Remarks_in_Honor_of_Turkish_Prime_Minister_Erdogan_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Kerry_Delivers_Remarks_in_Honor_of_Turkish_Prime_Minister_Erdogan_%282%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Kerry_Delivers_Remarks_in_Honor_of_Turkish_Prime_Minister_Erdogan_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Kerry_Delivers_Remarks_in_Honor_of_Turkish_Prime_Minister_Erdogan_%282%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Kerry_Delivers_Remarks_in_Honor_of_Turkish_Prime_Minister_Erdogan_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3680" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, with U.S. Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Biden">Joseph Biden</a>, delivers remarks in honour of Erdoğan, 16 May 2013</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_06.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_06.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_06.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan receiving the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise">Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise</a> from <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a>, 2020</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thaci-Erdogan2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Thaci-Erdogan2.jpg/220px-Thaci-Erdogan2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Thaci-Erdogan2.jpg/330px-Thaci-Erdogan2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Thaci-Erdogan2.jpg/440px-Thaci-Erdogan2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>Erdoğan joined by his <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Kosovo">Kosovo</a> counterpart <a href="/wiki/Hashim_Tha%C3%A7i" title="Hashim Thaçi">Hashim Thaçi</a>, 3 November 2010</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Russia: <a href="/wiki/Medal_%22In_Commemoration_of_the_1000th_Anniversary_of_Kazan%22" title="Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"">Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"</a> (1 June 2006)<a href="#cite_note-521">[518]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Nishan-e-Pakistan">Nishan-e-Pakistan</a>, the highest civilian award in Pakistan (26 October 2009)<a href="#cite_note-522">[519]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Georgia: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_(Georgia)" title="Order of the Golden Fleece (Georgia)">Order of Golden Fleece</a>, awarded for his contribution to development of bilateral relations (17 May 2010)<a href="#cite_note-523">[520]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> Kosovo: Golden Medal of the <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Kosovo" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Kosovo">Order of Independence</a> (4 November 2010)<a href="#cite_note-524">[521]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> Kyrgyzstan: Recipient of the Danaker Order in <a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a> (2 February 2011)<a href="#cite_note-525">[522]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Kazakhstan: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Eagle" title="Order of the Golden Eagle">Order of the Golden Eagle</a> (11 October 2012)<a href="#cite_note-526">[523]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> Niger: Grand Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Federal_Republic" title="Order of the Federal Republic">Order of the Federal Republic</a> (9 January 2013)<a href="#cite_note-527">[524]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Azerbaijan: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev_Order" title="Heydar Aliyev Order">Heydar Aliyev Order</a> (3 September 2014)<a href="#cite_note-528">[525]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282004%E2%80%932021%2C_variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282004%E2%80%932021%2C_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282004%E2%80%932021%2C_variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282004%E2%80%932021%2C_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282004%E2%80%932021%2C_variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282004%E2%80%932021%2C_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Afghanistan: <a href="/wiki/Amir_Amanullah_Khan_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir Amanullah Khan Award">Amir Amanullah Khan Award</a> (18 October 2014)<a href="#cite_note-529">[526]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Somalia: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Somali_Star" title="Order of the Somali Star">Order of the Somali Star</a>, awarded for his contributions to Somalia (25 January 2015).<a href="#cite_note-530">[527]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> Albania: <a href="/wiki/National_Flag_Decoration" title="National Flag Decoration">National Flag Decoration</a> (13 May 2015)<a href="#cite_note-531">[528]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Belgium: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a> (5 October 2015)<a href="#cite_note-532">[529]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Ivory Coast: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_the_Ivory_Coast" title="National Order of the Ivory Coast">National Order of the Ivory Coast</a> (29 February 2016)<a href="#cite_note-533">[530]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Guinea: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(Guinea)" title="National Order of Merit (Guinea)">National Order of Merit</a> (3 March 2016)<a href="#cite_note-534">[531]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Madagascar: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Madagascar" title="National Order of Madagascar">National Order of Madagascar</a> (25 January 2017)<a href="#cite_note-535">[532]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> Bahrain: Member Exceptional Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_bin_Salman_Al_Khalifa" title="Order of Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa">Order of Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa</a> (12 February 2017)<a href="#cite_note-536">[533]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Kuwait: Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great" title="Order of Mubarak the Great">Order of Mubarak the Great</a> (21 March 2017)<a href="#cite_note-537">[534]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Collar_of_Honour" title="Collar of Honour">Collar of Honour</a> of Sudan (24 December 2017)<a href="#cite_note-538">[535]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Tunisia: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Tunisia)" title="Order of the Republic (Tunisia)">Order of the Republic</a> (27 December 2017)<a href="#cite_note-539">[536]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Senegal: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_the_Lion" title="National Order of the Lion">National Order of the Lion</a> (1 March 2018)<a href="#cite_note-540">[537]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mali: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Mali" title="National Order of Mali">National Order of Mali</a> (2 March 2018)<a href="#cite_note-541">[538]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia" title="Gagauzia"><img alt="Gagauzia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Gagauzia: Recipient of the Order of Gagauz-Yeri in <a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a> (17 October 2018)<a href="#cite_note-542">[539]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> Moldova: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Moldova)" title="Order of the Republic (Moldova)">Order of the Republic</a> (18 October 2018)<a href="#cite_note-543">[540]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> Paraguay: Recipient of the Order of State (2 December 2018)<a href="#cite_note-544">[541]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Venezuela: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Liberator" title="Order of the Liberator">Order of the Liberator</a> (3 December 2018)<a href="#cite_note-545">[542]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Ukraine: Member 1st Degree of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise">Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise</a> (16 October 2020)<a href="#cite_note-546">[543]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Turkmenistan: Recipient of the Order for Contribution to the Development of Cooperation (27 November 2021)<a href="#cite_note-547">[544]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Malaysia: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_the_Realm" title="Order of the Crown of the Realm">Order of the Crown of the Realm</a> (16 August 2022)<a href="#cite_note-548">[545]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Kazakhstan: Member 1st Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friendship_(Kazakhstan)" title="Order of Friendship (Kazakhstan)">Order of Friendship</a> (12 October 2022)<a href="#cite_note-549">[546]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> United Arab Emirates: Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Zayed" title="Order of Zayed">Order of Zayed</a> (19 July 2023)<a href="#cite_note-550">[547]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supranational">Supranational</h4></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1704" /> Organization of Turkic States: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_Turkic_World" title="Supreme Order of Turkic World">Supreme Order of Turkic World</a> (11 November 2022)<a href="#cite_note-551">[548]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_awards">Other awards</h3></div> <ul><li>29 January 2004: Profile of Courage Award from the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Congress" title="American Jewish Congress">American Jewish Congress</a>, for promoting peace between cultures.<a href="#cite_note-552">[549]</a> Returned at the request of the A.J.C. in July 2014.<a href="#cite_note-553">[550]</a></li> <li>13 June 2004: Golden Plate award from the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">Academy of Achievement</a> during the conference in Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-554">[551]</a></li> <li>3 October 2004: German <a href="/wiki/Quadriga_(award)" title="Quadriga (award)">Quadriga prize</a> for improving relationships between different cultures.<a href="#cite_note-555">[552]</a></li> <li>2 September 2005: Mediterranean Award for Institutions (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Premio Mediterraneo Istituzioni). This was awarded by the Fondazione Mediterraneo.<a href="#cite_note-556">[553]</a></li> <li>8 August 2006: Caspian Energy Integration Award from the <a href="/wiki/Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline">Caspian Integration Business Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-557">[554]</a></li> <li>1 November 2006: Outstanding Service award from the Turkish humanitarian organization <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Red_Crescent" title="Turkish Red Crescent">Red Crescent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-558">[555]</a></li> <li>2 February 2007: Dialogue Between Cultures Award from the President of Tatarstan <a href="/wiki/Mintimer_Shaimiev" title="Mintimer Shaimiev">Mintimer Shaimiev</a>.<a href="#cite_note-559">[556]</a></li> <li>15 April 2007: Crystal Hermes Award from the German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> at the opening of the Hannover Industrial Fair.<a href="#cite_note-560">[557]</a></li> <li>11 July 2007: Agricola Medal, the highest award of the UN <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>, in recognition of his contribution to agricultural and social development in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-561">[558]</a></li> <li>11 May 2009: Avicenna award from the <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a> Foundation in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany.<a href="#cite_note-562">[559]</a></li> <li>9 June 2009: Prix de la Fondation and guest of honour at the 20th Crans Montana Forum in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, for democracy and freedom.<a href="#cite_note-563">[560]</a></li> <li>25 June 2009: <a href="/wiki/Key_to_the_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Key to the City">Key to the City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a> on the occasion of his state visit to <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-564">[561]</a></li> <li>29 December 2009: Award for Contribution to World Peace from the <a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal Thought and Move Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-565">[562]</a></li> <li>12 January 2010: King Faisal International Prize for "service to Islam" from the <a href="/wiki/King_Faisal_Foundation" title="King Faisal Foundation">King Faisal Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-566">[563]</a></li> <li>23 February 2010: Nodo Culture Award from the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> for his efforts to launch the Alliance of Civilizations initiative.<a href="#cite_note-567">[564]</a></li> <li>1 March 2010: United Nations–<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">HABITAT</a> award in memorial of Rafik Hariri. A seven-member international jury unanimously found Erdoğan deserving of the award because of his "excellent achievement and commendable conduct in the area of leadership, statesmanship and good governance. Erdoğan also initiated the first roundtable of mayors during the Istanbul conference, which led to a global, organized movement of mayors."<a href="#cite_note-unhabitat3-35">[33]</a></li> <li>27 May 2010: Medal of honour from the Brazilian Federation of Industry for the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">State of São Paulo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Ind%C3%BAstrias_do_Estado_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo">FIESP</a>) for his contributions to industry<a href="#cite_note-568">[565]</a></li> <li>31 May 2010: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> 2010 World No Tobacco Award for "his dedicated leadership on tobacco control in Turkey."<a href="#cite_note-569">[566]</a></li> <li>29 June 2010: 2010 World Family Award from the World Family Organization which operates under the umbrella of the United Nations.<a href="#cite_note-570">[567]</a></li> <li>4 November 2010: Golden Medal of Independence, an award conferred upon Kosovo citizens and foreigners that have contributed to the independence of Kosovo.<a href="#cite_note-571">[568]</a></li> <li>25 November 2010: Leader of the Year award presented by the Union of Arab Banks in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-572">[569]</a></li> <li>11 January 2011: Outstanding Personality in the Islamic World Award of the Sheikh Fahad al-Ahmad International Award for Charity in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-google.com-573">[570]</a></li> <li>25 October 2011: Palestinian International Award for Excellence and Creativity (PIA) 2011 for his support to the Palestinian people and cause.<a href="#cite_note-574">[571]</a></li> <li>21 January 2012: Gold Statue 2012 Special Award by the Polish Business Center Club (BCC). Erdoğan was awarded for his systematic effort to clear barriers on the way to economic growth, striving to build democracy and free market relations.<a href="#cite_note-575">[572]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFErdoğan2012" class="citation book cs1">Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (17 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01HC9RFE0/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i2">Küresel barış vizyonu</a>. Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6055952389" title="Special:BookSources/978-6055952389"><bdi>978-6055952389</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%BCresel+bar%C4%B1%C5%9F+vizyonu&rft.pub=Medeniyetler+%C4%B0ttifak%C4%B1+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&rft.date=2012-11-17&rft.isbn=978-6055952389&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fproduct%2FB01HC9RFE0%2Fref%3Ddbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdoğan2021" class="citation book cs1">Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (27 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Fairer-World-Possible-Proposed-Nations-ebook/dp/B09KM5C7Z2">A Fairer World is Possible: A Proposed Model for a United Nations Reform</a>. Turkuvaz Kitap.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Fairer+World+is+Possible%3A+A+Proposed+Model+for+a+United+Nations+Reform&rft.pub=Turkuvaz+Kitap&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FFairer-World-Possible-Proposed-Nations-ebook%2Fdp%2FB09KM5C7Z2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdogan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Erdogan, Recep Tayyip (10 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/10/the-tears-of-somalia/">"The Tears of Somalia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Tears+of+Somalia&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2011%2F10%2F10%2Fthe-tears-of-somalia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdogan2018" class="citation journal cs1">——————— (26 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/26/how-to-fix-the-u-n-and-why-we-should/">"How to Fix the U.N.—and Why We Should"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=How+to+Fix+the+U.N.%E2%80%94and+Why+We+Should&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2018%2F09%2F26%2Fhow-to-fix-the-u-n-and-why-we-should%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdogan2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">——————— (10 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/monde/2018/11/10/31002-20181110ARTFIG00082--l-heure-du-centenaire-de-l-armistice-la-turquie-continue-a-oeuvrer-pour-la-paix-et-la-stabilite.php">"À l'heure du centenaire de l'Armistice, la Turquie continue à oeuvrer pour la paix et la stabilité"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=%C3%80+l%27heure+du+centenaire+de+l%27Armistice%2C+la+Turquie+continue+%C3%A0+oeuvrer+pour+la+paix+et+la+stabilit%C3%A9&rft.date=2018-11-10&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fvox%2Fmonde%2F2018%2F11%2F10%2F31002-20181110ARTFIG00082--l-heure-du-centenaire-de-l-armistice-la-turquie-continue-a-oeuvrer-pour-la-paix-et-la-stabilite.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdogan2019" class="citation magazine cs1">——————— (29 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/09/30/recep-tayyip-erdogan-turkey-will-continue-its-efforts-shed-light-khashoggi-murder/">"Turkey will continue its efforts to shed light on the Khashoggi murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+will+continue+its+efforts+to+shed+light+on+the+Khashoggi+murder&rft.date=2019-09-29&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2019%2F09%2F30%2Frecep-tayyip-erdogan-turkey-will-continue-its-efforts-shed-light-khashoggi-murder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdoğan2019" class="citation news cs1">——————— (14 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-is-stepping-up-where-others-fail-to-act-11571093850">"Turkey Is Stepping Up Where Others Fail to Act"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Turkey+Is+Stepping+Up+Where+Others+Fail+to+Act&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fturkey-is-stepping-up-where-others-fail-to-act-11571093850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdogan2020" class="citation magazine cs1">——————— (18 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/road-to-peace-in-libya-goes-through-turkey-khalifa-haftar/">"Road to peace in Libya goes through Turkey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Road+to+peace+in+Libya+goes+through+Turkey&rft.date=2020-01-18&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Froad-to-peace-in-libya-goes-through-turkey-khalifa-haftar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdoğan2021" class="citation magazine cs1">——————— (14 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-15/erdogan-the-west-should-help-turkey-end-syria-s-civil-war">"The West Should Help Turkey End Syria's Civil War"</a>. Opinion. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=The+West+Should+Help+Turkey+End+Syria%27s+Civil+War&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fopinion%2Farticles%2F2021-03-15%2Ferdogan-the-west-should-help-turkey-end-syria-s-civil-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdoğan2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">——————— (15 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama.com.al/marredheniet-midis-turqise-dhe-shqiperise/">"Relations between Turkey and Albania"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Panorama_(Albania)" title="Panorama (Albania)">Panorama</a> (in Albanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Panorama&rft.atitle=Relations+between+Turkey+and+Albania&rft.date=2022-01-15&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panorama.com.al%2Fmarredheniet-midis-turqise-dhe-shqiperise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/48px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/64px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">List of international prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Various claims are made about his degree.<a href="#cite_note-bbcerdogan-1">[1]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_university_diploma_controversy" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Pronunciation: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɛərdəwæn/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AIR-də-wan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-wɑːn/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">-⁠wahn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Turkish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[ɾeˈdʒep tajˈjip ˈæɾdoan]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ac\/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan%2C_Turkish_pronunciation.ogg\/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan%2C_Turkish_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkish pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan%2C_Turkish_pronunciation.ogg/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan%2C_Turkish_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan,_Turkish_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkish pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-444"><a href="#cite_ref-444">^</a> Erdoğan won the elections in 2002, but was prevented from becoming prime minister until the <a href="/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election" title="2003 Siirt Province by-election">by-election</a> in 2003. In the meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> was chairholder. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbcerdogan-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcerdogan_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcerdogan_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcerdogan_1-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6900616.stm">"Profile: Recep Tayyip Erdogan"</a>. BBC News. 18 July 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314194021/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6900616.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan&rft.date=2007-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6900616.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/erdogan">"Erdoğan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019135646/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/erdogan">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Ferdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Erdo%C7%A7an">"Erdoǧan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a>. Merriam-Webster. 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Huffington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Three+Freedoms+Erdogan+Scorns+but+Saved+His+Regime&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.aulast=Trezza&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fthree-freedoms-erdogan-sc_b_11029016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayer2023" class="citation news cs1">Bayer, Lili (3 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-nato-sweden-finland-is-the-headache-nato-needs/">"Turkey is the headache NATO needs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601101839/https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-nato-sweden-finland-is-the-headache-nato-needs/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Turkey+is+the+headache+NATO+needs&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft.aulast=Bayer&rft.aufirst=Lili&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fturkey-nato-sweden-finland-is-the-headache-nato-needs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memurlar.net/album/6052/r-tayyip-erdogan-in-hayati.html">"R.Tayyip Erdoğan'ın Hayatı"</a>. memurlar.ne (in Turkish). Retrieved 24 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=memurlar.ne&rft.atitle=R.Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27%C4%B1n+Hayat%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memurlar.net%2Falbum%2F6052%2Fr-tayyip-erdogan-in-hayati.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219161909/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/candar-erdogan-ethnic-slur-armenians-insult-anti-semitism.html">"Erdogan plays to base by slighting Armenians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Monitor">Al Monitor</a>. 7 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/candar-erdogan-ethnic-slur-armenians-insult-anti-semitism.html">the original</a> on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Monitor&rft.atitle=Erdogan+plays+to+base+by+slighting+Armenians&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2014%2F08%2Fcandar-erdogan-ethnic-slur-armenians-insult-anti-semitism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://t24.com.tr/haber/benim-icin-gurcu-dediler-diye-yakinan-erdogan-2004te-ben-de-gurcuyum-demis,266734">"'Benim için Gürcü dediler' diye yakınan Erdoğan 2004'te 'Ben de Gürcü'yüm' demiş"</a>. T24 (in Turkish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023133445/https://t24.com.tr/haber/benim-icin-gurcu-dediler-diye-yakinan-erdogan-2004te-ben-de-gurcuyum-demis,266734">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=T24&rft.atitle=%27Benim+i%C3%A7in+G%C3%BCrc%C3%BC+dediler%27+diye+yak%C4%B1nan+Erdo%C4%9Fan+2004%27te+%27Ben+de+G%C3%BCrc%C3%BC%27y%C3%BCm%27+demi%C5%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ft24.com.tr%2Fhaber%2Fbenim-icin-gurcu-dediler-diye-yakinan-erdogan-2004te-ben-de-gurcuyum-demis%2C266734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarıoğlu2005" class="citation web cs1">Sarıoğlu, Bülent (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051215122006/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2005/12/13/siyaset/axsiy02.html">"Kimlik değişimi!"</a>. Milliyet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2005/12/13/siyaset/axsiy02.html">the original</a> on 15 December 2005. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Kimlik+de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fimi%21&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Sar%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=B%C3%BClent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2F2005%2F12%2F13%2Fsiyaset%2Faxsiy02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163738/http://m.ensonhaber.com/recep-tayyip-erdoganin-hayati-2014-07-01.html">"Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın hayatı"</a> (in Turkish). 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Retrieved 22 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27%C4%B1n+hayat%C4%B1&rft.pub=Ensonhaber&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.ensonhaber.com%2Frecep-tayyip-erdoganin-hayati-2014-07-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kible-dagi-caminin-insaati-bitti-acilisi-erdogan-yapacak-29732329">Kıble Dağı Cami'nin inşaatı bitti, açılışı Erdoğan yapacak</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203081939/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kible-dagi-caminin-insaati-bitti-acilisi-erdogan-yapacak-29732329">Archived</a> 3 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Hürriyet Daily News, 5 August 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-charismatic-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-charismatic_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-charismatic_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-charismatic_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2270642.stm">"Turkey's charismatic pro-Islamic leader"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 4 November 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191030100708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2270642.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+charismatic+pro-Islamic+leader&rft.date=2002-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F2270642.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Yalçın, Soner; pp. 43 </li> <li id="cite_note-akperdogan-16"><a href="#cite_ref-akperdogan_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akparti.org.tr/english/yonetim/genel-baskan">"Life story"</a>. AK Parti Official Web Site. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929131509/http://www.akparti.org.tr/english/yonetim/genel-baskan">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+story&rft.pub=AK+Parti+Official+Web+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akparti.org.tr%2Fenglish%2Fyonetim%2Fgenel-baskan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannicaerdogan-17"><a href="#cite_ref-britannicaerdogan_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/913988/Recep-Tayyip-Erdogan">"Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Britannica_Online_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica Online Encyclopedia">Britannica Online Encyclopedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415182732/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/913988/Recep-Tayyip-Erdogan">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.btitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F913988%2FRecep-Tayyip-Erdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siyaset.milliyet.com.tr/fenerbahce-erdogan-i-transfer-etmek-istemis/siyaset/siyasetdetay/01.04.2013/1687933/default.htm">"Fenerbahçe Erdoğan'ı transfer etmek istemiş"</a> [Fenerbahçe wanted to transfer Erdoğan]. 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Retrieved 9 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Fenerbah%C3%A7e+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27%C4%B1+transfer+etmek+istemi%C5%9F&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiyaset.milliyet.com.tr%2Ffenerbahce-erdogan-i-transfer-etmek-istemis%2Fsiyaset%2Fsiyasetdetay%2F01.04.2013%2F1687933%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaiber" class="citation web cs1">Klaiber, Timo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europlan-online.de/recep-tayyip-erdo%2526%2523287an-stadyumu/stadion-5616.html">"Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadyumu"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan%3A+Is+%27Papa%27+still+a+father+figure+to+Turks%3F&rft.date=2011-06-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheobserver%2F2011%2Fjun%2F05%2Fobserver-profile-recep-erdogan-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkdogan2018" class="citation book cs1">Akdogan, Yalcin (27 February 2018). Political leadership and Erdoğan. 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Retrieved 11 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=turkeyanalyst.org&rft.atitle=Erdogan%27s+Towering+Role+in+the+AKP&rft.date=2008-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkeyanalyst.org%2Fpublications%2Fturkey-analyst-articles%2Fitem%2F115-erdogans-towering-role-in-the-akp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/03/11/turkey.elections/">"Turkish PM quits for Erdogan"</a>. CNN. 11 March 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131128191622/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/03/11/turkey.elections/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2013. 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Retrieved 6 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Secular+rally+targets+Turkish+PM&rft.date=2007-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6554851.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/articles/139006/turkish-foreign-minister-to-stand-for-presidency">"Turkish foreign minister to stand for presidency"</a>. Al Jazeera. 25 April 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207102104/http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/articles/139006/turkish-foreign-minister-to-stand-for-presidency">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkish+foreign+minister+to+stand+for+presidency&rft.date=2007-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamweb.net%2Femainpage%2Farticles%2F139006%2Fturkish-foreign-minister-to-stand-for-presidency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kumbaracibasi2009-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Kumbaracibasi2009_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArda_Can_Kumbaracibasi2009" class="citation book cs1">Arda Can Kumbaracibasi (24 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tZLL9cg--u0C&pg=PA2">Turkish Politics and the Rise of the AKP: Dilemmas of Institutionalization and Leadership Strategy</a>. Routledge. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-87629-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-87629-9"><bdi>978-0-203-87629-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107221240/https://books.google.com/books?id=tZLL9cg--u0C&pg=PA2">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish+Politics+and+the+Rise+of+the+AKP%3A+Dilemmas+of+Institutionalization+and+Leadership+Strategy&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft.isbn=978-0-203-87629-9&rft.au=Arda+Can+Kumbaracibasi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtZLL9cg--u0C%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters29-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters29_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Bendern2007" class="citation news cs1">De Bendern, Paul (29 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL2910950920070429">"One million Turks rally against government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070502105459/http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL2910950920070429">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 30 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=One+million+Turks+rally+against+government&rft.date=2007-04-29&rft.aulast=De+Bendern&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FworldNews%2FidUSL2910950920070429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milliyet-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Milliyet_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvci2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Avci, Ümran (4 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/05/04/guncel/axgun01.html">"Saylan: Manisa mitingi önemli"</a> [Saylan: Important rally in Manisa]. <a href="/wiki/Milliyet" title="Milliyet">Milliyet</a> (in Turkish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070508085756/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/05/04/guncel/axgun01.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Saylan%3A+Manisa+mitingi+%C3%B6nemli&rft.date=2007-05-04&rft.aulast=Avci&rft.aufirst=%C3%9Cmran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2F2007%2F05%2F04%2Fguncel%2Faxgun01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swissinfo-52"><a href="#cite_ref-swissinfo_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Bendern2007" class="citation web cs1">De Bendern, Paul (13 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930222218/http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/international/ticker/detail/Turks_protest_ahead_of_early_elections.html?siteSect=143&sid=7813908&cKey=1179061645000">"Turks protest ahead of early elections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">Swissinfo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/international/ticker/detail/Turks_protest_ahead_of_early_elections.html?siteSect=143&sid=7813908&cKey=1179061645000">the original</a> on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swissinfo&rft.atitle=Turks+protest+ahead+of+early+elections&rft.date=2007-05-13&rft.aulast=De+Bendern&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.org%2Feng%2Finternational%2Fticker%2Fdetail%2FTurks_protest_ahead_of_early_elections.html%3FsiteSect%3D143%26sid%3D7813908%26cKey%3D1179061645000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuran_Yılmaz2007" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Turan Yılmaz (23 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/secim/6942407.asp">"Mesajı anladık"</a> [Message understood]. Hürriyet Daily News (in Turkish). Ankara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225010225/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/secim/6942407.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Mesaj%C4%B1+anlad%C4%B1k&rft.date=2007-07-23&rft.au=Turan+Y%C4%B1lmaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fsecim%2F6942407.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-akptrial1-54"><a href="#cite_ref-akptrial1_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7482793.stm">"Turkish ruling party put on trial"</a>. BBC News. 1 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090203154717/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7482793.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+ruling+party+put+on+trial&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7482793.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-akptrial2-55"><a href="#cite_ref-akptrial2_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7533414.stm">"Turkey's ruling party escapes ban"</a>. BBC News. 30 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090115173522/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7533414.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+ruling+party+escapes+ban&rft.date=2008-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7533414.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209195647/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/116073/turkey-39-s-ruling-ak-party-wins-elections-with-49-83-percent-vote.html">"Turkey's Ruling AK Party Wins Elections with 49.83 Percent Vote"</a>. The journal of Turkish Weekly. 13 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/116073/turkey-39-s-ruling-ak-party-wins-elections-with-49-83-percent-vote.html">the original</a> on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+Turkish+Weekly&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Ruling+AK+Party+Wins+Elections+with+49.83+Percent+Vote&rft.date=2011-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews%2F116073%2Fturkey-39-s-ruling-ak-party-wins-elections-with-49-83-percent-vote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGençEsit2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Genç, Göksel; Esit, Elif (27 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217043626/http://www.zaman.com.tr/gundem_yeni-yolsuzluk-dosyasinin-ekonomik-boyutu-100-milyar-dolar_2189530.html">"Yeni yolsuzluk dosyasının ekonomik boyutu 100 milyar dolar"</a> [New economic corruption files valued at $100 billion]. Zaman (in Turkish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaman.com.tr/gundem_yeni-yolsuzluk-dosyasinin-ekonomik-boyutu-100-milyar-dolar_2189530.html">the original</a> on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zaman&rft.atitle=Yeni+yolsuzluk+dosyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+ekonomik+boyutu+100+milyar+dolar&rft.date=2013-12-27&rft.aulast=Gen%C3%A7&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6ksel&rft.au=Esit%2C+Elif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaman.com.tr%2Fgundem_yeni-yolsuzluk-dosyasinin-ekonomik-boyutu-100-milyar-dolar_2189530.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sozcu.com.tr/2013/gundem/100-milyar-dolarlik-yolsuzluk-430737/">"100 milyar dolarlık yolsuzluk"</a> [$100 billion dollar corruption]. Sözcü (in Turkish). 26 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612185122/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2013/gundem/100-milyar-dolarlik-yolsuzluk-430737/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%B6zc%C3%BC&rft.atitle=100+milyar+dolarl%C4%B1k+yolsuzluk&rft.date=2013-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsozcu.com.tr%2F2013%2Fgundem%2F100-milyar-dolarlik-yolsuzluk-430737%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yolsuzluk-operasyonunun-maliyeti-10/gundem/detay/1809059/default.htm">"Yolsuzluk operasyonunun maliyeti 100 milyar Euro"</a> [Corruption operation costs 100 billion euros]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 17 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180811110936/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yolsuzluk-operasyonunun-maliyeti-10/gundem/detay/1809059/default.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Yolsuzluk+operasyonunun+maliyeti+100+milyar+Euro&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2Fyolsuzluk-operasyonunun-maliyeti-10%2Fgundem%2Fdetay%2F1809059%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-official_results-60"><a href="#cite_ref-official_results_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820224243/http://www.ysk.gov.tr/ysk/docs/2007Referandum/Sonuc/sonucgrafik.pdf">"Official Results – 21 October 2007 Constitutional Referendum"</a> (PDF) (in Turkish). Supreme Election Board (YSK). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ysk.gov.tr/ysk/docs/2007Referandum/Sonuc/sonucgrafik.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 August 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Results+%E2%80%93+21+October+2007+Constitutional+Referendum&rft.pub=Supreme+Election+Board+%28YSK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ysk.gov.tr%2Fysk%2Fdocs%2F2007Referandum%2FSonuc%2Fsonucgrafik.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20090218223617/http://arsiv.ntvmsnbc.com/news/475685.asp">"AKP'nin Anayasa hedefi 15 madde"</a> [AKP targets article 15 of the Constitution]. NTVMSNBC (in Turkish). 17 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arsiv.ntvmsnbc.com/news/475685.asp">the original</a> on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NTVMSNBC&rft.atitle=AKP%27nin+Anayasa+hedefi+15+madde&rft.date=2009-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farsiv.ntvmsnbc.com%2Fnews%2F475685.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Turkey,_Supreme_Election_Board_(YSK)2010" class="citation web cs1">Government of Turkey, Supreme Election Board (YSK) (12 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902005408/http://www.ysk.gov.tr/ysk/docs/2010Referandum/KesinSonuc/SonucGrafik.pdf">"Official Results – 12 September 2010 Constitutional Referendum"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ysk.gov.tr/ysk/docs/2010Referandum/KesinSonuc/SonucGrafik.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 September 2011. 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Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Charges+Against+Journalists+Dim+the+Democratic+Glow+in+Turkey&rft.date=2012-01-04&rft.aulast=Bilefsky&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Arsu%2C+Sebnem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F01%2F05%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fturkeys-glow-dims-as-government-limits-free-speech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSöylemez2012" class="citation news cs1">Söylemez, Ayça (23 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bianet.org/english/freedom-of-expression/135635-journalists-are-in-prison-because-of-their-writings">"Journalists are in Prison Because of their Writings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bianet" title="Bianet">Bianet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125082336/http://www.bianet.org/english/freedom-of-expression/135635-journalists-are-in-prison-because-of-their-writings">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bianet&rft.atitle=Journalists+are+in+Prison+Because+of+their+Writings&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft.aulast=S%C3%B6ylemez&rft.aufirst=Ay%C3%A7a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bianet.org%2Fenglish%2Ffreedom-of-expression%2F135635-journalists-are-in-prison-because-of-their-writings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSöylemez2012" class="citation news cs1">Söylemez, Ayça (16 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bianet.org/english/freedom-of-expression/135464-first-hearing-of-journalists-after-13-months-of-pre-trial-detention">"First Hearing of Journalists after 13 Months of Pre-Trial Detention"</a>. Bianet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201133755/http://bianet.org/english/freedom-of-expression/135464-first-hearing-of-journalists-after-13-months-of-pre-trial-detention">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bianet&rft.atitle=First+Hearing+of+Journalists+after+13+Months+of+Pre-Trial+Detention&rft.date=2012-01-16&rft.aulast=S%C3%B6ylemez&rft.aufirst=Ay%C3%A7a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bianet.org%2Fenglish%2Ffreedom-of-expression%2F135464-first-hearing-of-journalists-after-13-months-of-pre-trial-detention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsley2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kingsley_(journalist)" title="Patrick Kingsley (journalist)">Kingsley, Patrick</a> (29 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/world/middleeast/amid-turkeys-purge-a-renewed-attack-on-kurdish-culture.html">"Amid Turkey's Purge, a Renewed Attack on Kurdish Culture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220530214744/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/world/middleeast/amid-turkeys-purge-a-renewed-attack-on-kurdish-culture.html%23commentsContainer">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2022. 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Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bianet&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Artist+Faces+15+Years+in+Jail&rft.date=2010-05-21&rft.aulast=%C3%96ndero%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Erol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bianet.org%2Fenglish%2Fminorities%2F122151-kurdish-artist-faces-15-years-in-jail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bianet.org/english/minorities/135496-31-people-arrested">"31 People Arrested"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bianet" title="Bianet">Bianet</a>. 17 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124172019/http://www.bianet.org/english/minorities/135496-31-people-arrested">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2012. 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Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Law+Essentials&rft.atitle=TURKEY%27S+WITHDRAWAL+FROM+ISTANBUL+CONVENTION&rft.aulast=Essentials&rft.aufirst=Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawessential.com%2Fmiscellaneous%2Ff%2Fturkey%25E2%2580%2599s-withdrawal-from-istanbul-convention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇolakKarakus2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Çolak, Saliha; Karakus, Abdullah (29 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2008/01/28/siyaset/asiy.html">"Eşcinseller de eşitlik istiyor, verecek miyiz?"</a> [Homosexuals can keep demanding rights as they never going to get any]. Milliyet (in Turkish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150917071827/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2008/01/28/siyaset/asiy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=E%C5%9Fcinseller+de+e%C5%9Fitlik+istiyor%2C+verecek+miyiz%3F&rft.date=2008-01-29&rft.aulast=%C3%87olak&rft.aufirst=Saliha&rft.au=Karakus%2C+Abdullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2F2008%2F01%2F28%2Fsiyaset%2Fasiy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/taxonomy/term/145">"Turkey : Subjugated media"</a>. Reports Without Borders. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116200027/https://rsf.org/en/taxonomy/term/145">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey+%3A+Subjugated+media&rft.pub=Reports+Without+Borders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Ftaxonomy%2Fterm%2F145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130626131539/http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2012/turkey">"Freedom of the Press 2012"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>. 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Bianet. 17 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130613214746/http://www.bianet.org/english/freedom-of-expression/128639-freedom-house-critic-of-press-freedom-in-turkey">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bianet&rft.atitle=Freedom+House+Critic+of+Press+Freedom+in+Turkey&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bianet.org%2Fenglish%2Ffreedom-of-expression%2F128639-freedom-house-critic-of-press-freedom-in-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bianet.org/english/world/135713-turkey-loses-ground-again-in-world-press-freedom-index">"Turkey Loses Ground again in World Press Freedom Index"</a>. Bianet. 26 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128221012/http://www.bianet.org/english/world/135713-turkey-loses-ground-again-in-world-press-freedom-index">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bianet&rft.atitle=Turkey+Loses+Ground+again+in+World+Press+Freedom+Index&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bianet.org%2Fenglish%2Fworld%2F135713-turkey-loses-ground-again-in-world-press-freedom-index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120228235005/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/130376/press-freedom-39-terrible-39-in-turkey-watch-group.html">"Press Freedom 'Terrible' in Turkey: Watch Group"</a>. Journal of Turkish Weekly. 23 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/130376/press-freedom-39-terrible-39-in-turkey-watch-group.html">the original</a> on 28 February 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Turkish+Weekly&rft.atitle=Press+Freedom+%27Terrible%27+in+Turkey%3A+Watch+Group&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews%2F130376%2Fpress-freedom-39-terrible-39-in-turkey-watch-group.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArsu2011" class="citation news cs1">Arsu, Sebnem (28 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/29/world/europe/29turkey.html">"Turkish Government to Return Seized Property to Religious Minorities"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160717184228/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/29/world/europe/29turkey.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkish+Government+to+Return+Seized+Property+to+Religious+Minorities&rft.date=2011-08-28&rft.aulast=Arsu&rft.aufirst=Sebnem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F29%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F29turkey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBağış2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bağış, Egemen (31 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510220056/http://www.hristiyangazete.com/2013/05/egemen-bagis-azinliklara-2-milyar-dolarlik-mulk-verdik/">"Azınlıklara 2 milyar dolarlık mülk verdik"</a> [Minorities have $2 billion in property] (in Turkish). Hristiyan Gazete. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hristiyangazete.com/2013/05/egemen-bagis-azinliklara-2-milyar-dolarlik-mulk-verdik/">the original</a> on 10 May 2015. 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Retrieved 24 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Turkey+will+stop+teaching+evolution+in+schools%2C+education+ministry+says&rft.date=2017-06-23&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Raf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F06%2F23%2Fturkey-will-stop-teaching-evolution-schools-education-ministry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-B1M-website-128"><a href="#cite_ref-B1M-website_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Gibson2022" class="citation web cs1">Tim Gibson (11 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theb1m.com/video/turkey-has-built-the-worlds-longest-suspension-bridge">"Turkey Has Built the World's Longest Suspension Bridge"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkish+Official+Apologizes+for+Force+Used+at+Start+of+Riots&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft.aulast=Arsu&rft.aufirst=Sebnem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F06%2F05%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fturkey-riots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArangoArsuYeginsu2013" class="citation news cs1">Arango, Tim; Arsu, Sebnem; Yeginsu, Ceylan (15 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/world/europe/protesters-in-turkey.html">"Police Storm Park in Istanbul, Setting Off a Night of Chaos"</a>. 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Retrieved 17 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erdogan+set+for+victory+in+presidential+poll&rft.date=2014-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F8%2F10%2Ferdogan-set-for-victory-in-presidential-poll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212222511/http://nediyor.com/2014/08/14/dusuk-oy-elestirilerine-peygamberli-yanit-iddiasi/">"Düşük oy eleştirilerine "Peygamber"li yanıt iddiası"</a>. nediyor.com. 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Retrieved 6 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Could+Imamoglu+victory+in+Istanbul+be+%27beginning+of+the+end%27+for+Erdogan%3F&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2019%2F06%2F24%2Fcould-imamoglu-victory-in-istanbul-be-beginning-of-the-end-for-erdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllyatt2019" class="citation web cs1">Ellyatt, Holly (24 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/24/turkeys-erdogan-suffers-election-blow-but-vote-sparks-hope-for-change.html">"Turkey's Erdogan suffers election blow, sparking hope for change"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002733/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/24/turkeys-erdogan-suffers-election-blow-but-vote-sparks-hope-for-change.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+suffers+election+blow%2C+sparking+hope+for+change&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft.aulast=Ellyatt&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F06%2F24%2Fturkeys-erdogan-suffers-election-blow-but-vote-sparks-hope-for-change.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGall2019" class="citation news cs1">Gall, Carlotta (23 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/23/world/europe/istanbul-mayor-election-erdogan.html">"Turkey's President Suffers Stinging Defeat in Istanbul Election Redo"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806102800/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/23/world/europe/istanbul-mayor-election-erdogan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+President+Suffers+Stinging+Defeat+in+Istanbul+Election+Redo&rft.date=2019-06-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gall&rft.aufirst=Carlotta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F23%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fistanbul-mayor-election-erdogan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/turkeys-recep-tayyip-erdogan-uses-new-zealand-attack-video-at-campaign-rally/a-47959569">"Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdogan uses New Zealand attack video at campaign rally"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 18 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190319164811/https://www.dw.com/en/turkeys-recep-tayyip-erdogan-uses-new-zealand-attack-video-at-campaign-rally/a-47959569">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan+uses+New+Zealand+attack+video+at+campaign+rally&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fturkeys-recep-tayyip-erdogan-uses-new-zealand-attack-video-at-campaign-rally%2Fa-47959569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/deeply-offended-pm-demands-turkey-s-erdogan-withdraws-gallipoli-coffins-comment">"'Deeply offended' PM demands Turkey's Erdogan withdraws Gallipoli 'coffins' comment"</a>. SBS News. 20 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322073522/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/deeply-offended-pm-demands-turkey-s-erdogan-withdraws-gallipoli-coffins-comment">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=%27Deeply+offended%27+PM+demands+Turkey%27s+Erdogan+withdraws+Gallipoli+%27coffins%27+comment&rft.date=2019-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Fdeeply-offended-pm-demands-turkey-s-erdogan-withdraws-gallipoli-coffins-comment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogans-ak-saray-likened-to-alamut-castle-ceausescus-palace.aspx?pageID=238&nID=73936&NewsCatID=338#">Erdoğan's 'Ak Saray' likened to Alamut Castle, Ceausescu's Palace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141116175533/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogans-ak-saray-likened-to-alamut-castle-ceausescus-palace.aspx?PageID=238&NID=73936&NewsCatID=338">Archived</a> 16 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (hurriyetdailynews.com. Retrieved 9 April 2016) </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Arango2014" class="citation news cs1">Tim Arango (31 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/11/01/world/europe/erdogan-uses-conflict-to-consolidate-power.html?referrer">"Turkis Leader, Using Conflicts, Cements Power"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102133325/http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/11/01/world/europe/erdogan-uses-conflict-to-consolidate-power.html?referrer">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkis+Leader%2C+Using+Conflicts%2C+Cements+Power&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.au=Tim+Arango&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F01%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ferdogan-uses-conflict-to-consolidate-power.html%3Freferrer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Cameron2014" class="citation web cs1">Christopher Cameron (1 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://therealdeal.com/blog/2014/11/01/turkish-president-drops-350m-on-new-palace/">"Turkish President drops $350m on new palace"</a>. The Real Deal: New York Real Estate News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106051014/http://therealdeal.com/blog/2014/11/01/turkish-president-drops-350m-on-new-palace/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Deal%3A+New+York+Real+Estate+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+President+drops+%24350m+on+new+palace&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.au=Christopher+Cameron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftherealdeal.com%2Fblog%2F2014%2F11%2F01%2Fturkish-president-drops-350m-on-new-palace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/136319/Erdogan_dan__Kac-Ak_Saray__icin_yorum.html">"Erdoğan'dan 'Kaç-Ak Saray' için yorum"</a> [How Erdoğan's 'illegal palace' looks]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 1 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124218/http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/136319/Erdogan_dan__Kac-Ak_Saray__icin_yorum.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cumhuriyet&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan%27dan+%27Ka%C3%A7-Ak+Saray%27+i%C3%A7in+yorum&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumhuriyet.com.tr%2Fhaber%2Fturkiye%2F136319%2FErdogan_dan__Kac-Ak_Saray__icin_yorum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141125103048/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_critical-media-block-imposed-on-ak-saray-opening-amid-graft-concerns_362922.html">"Critical media block imposed on 'Ak Saray' amid opening graft concerns"</a>. Today's Zaman. 29 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/national_critical-media-block-imposed-on-ak-saray-opening-amid-graft-concerns_362922.html">the original</a> on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=Critical+media+block+imposed+on+%27Ak+Saray%27+amid+opening+graft+concerns&rft.date=2014-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fnational_critical-media-block-imposed-on-ak-saray-opening-amid-graft-concerns_362922.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/video/video/136120/Kac-Ak_Saray_a_mehterli_tanitim.html">"Kaç-Ak Saray'a mehterli tanıtım"</a> ["Illegal" palace promotional material]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 31 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303051432/http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/video/video/136120/Kac-Ak_Saray_a_mehterli_tanitim.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cumhuriyet&rft.atitle=Ka%C3%A7-Ak+Saray%27a+mehterli+tan%C4%B1t%C4%B1m&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumhuriyet.com.tr%2Fvideo%2Fvideo%2F136120%2FKac-Ak_Saray_a_mehterli_tanitim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141201150226/http://www.zaman.com.tr/gundem_ak-saray-alman-basininda_2254265.html">"'Ak-Saray' Alman basınında"</a> [Ak Saray in the German press]. Zaman (in Turkish). 30 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaman.com.tr/gundem_ak-saray-alman-basininda_2254265.html">the original</a> on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zaman&rft.atitle=%27Ak-Saray%27+Alman+bas%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaman.com.tr%2Fgundem_ak-saray-alman-basininda_2254265.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadri_Gursel2014" class="citation web cs1">Kadri Gursel (17 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/09/turkey-erdogan-white-palace-presidential-residence.html">"Erdogan's $350m presidential palace"</a>. Al-Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321095805/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/09/turkey-erdogan-white-palace-presidential-residence.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Erdogan%27s+%24350m+presidential+palace&rft.date=2014-09-17&rft.au=Kadri+Gursel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2014%2F09%2Fturkey-erdogan-white-palace-presidential-residence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/27477903.asp">"29 Ekim resepsiyonu iptal"</a> [29 October reception cancelled] (in Turkish). 30 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302103334/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/27477903.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=29+Ekim+resepsiyonu+iptal&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fgundem%2F27477903.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimurArango2016" class="citation web cs1">Timur, Safak; Arango, Tim (4 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/world/middleeast/recep-tayyip-erdogan-government-seizes-zaman-newspaper.html">"Turkey Seizes Newspaper, Zaman, as Press Crackdown Continues"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220328155824/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/world/middleeast/recep-tayyip-erdogan-government-seizes-zaman-newspaper.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkey+Seizes+Newspaper%2C+Zaman%2C+as+Press+Crackdown+Continues&rft.date=2016-03-04&rft.aulast=Timur&rft.aufirst=Safak&rft.au=Arango%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F05%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Frecep-tayyip-erdogan-government-seizes-zaman-newspaper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramowitzEdelman2016" class="citation news cs1">Abramowitz, Mort; Edelman, Eric (10 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/turkeys-erdogan-must-reform-or-resign/2016/03/10/80cc9be2-dffe-11e5-9c36-e1902f6b6571_story.html">"Turkey's Erdogan must reform or resign"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407004501/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/turkeys-erdogan-must-reform-or-resign/2016/03/10/80cc9be2-dffe-11e5-9c36-e1902f6b6571_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+must+reform+or+resign&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft.aulast=Abramowitz&rft.aufirst=Mort&rft.au=Edelman%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fturkeys-erdogan-must-reform-or-resign%2F2016%2F03%2F10%2F80cc9be2-dffe-11e5-9c36-e1902f6b6571_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deutsche_Welle-235"><a href="#cite_ref-Deutsche_Welle_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/european-parliament-slams-turkey-over-deterioration-of-rights-and-democracy/a-19189464">"European Parliament slams Turkey over deterioration of rights and democracy"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 14 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414165834/http://www.dw.com/en/european-parliament-slams-turkey-over-deterioration-of-rights-and-democracy/a-19189464">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Parliament+slams+Turkey+over+deterioration+of+rights+and+democracy&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Feuropean-parliament-slams-turkey-over-deterioration-of-rights-and-democracy%2Fa-19189464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-says-civil-society-groups-working-against-turkish-state-largely-destroyed.aspx?pageID=238&nID=100789&NewsCatID=338">"Erdoğan says 'civil society groups working against Turkish state' largely destroyed"</a>. Hürriyet Daily News. 22 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623163101/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-says-civil-society-groups-working-against-turkish-state-largely-destroyed.aspx?pageID=238&nID=100789&NewsCatID=338">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+says+%27civil+society+groups+working+against+Turkish+state%27+largely+destroyed&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Ferdogan-says-civil-society-groups-working-against-turkish-state-largely-destroyed.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D100789%26NewsCatID%3D338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160619081327/http://theturkishsun.com/opponent-or-terrorist-the-dramatically-changing-nature-of-turkish-democracy-20313/">"Opponent or Terrorist? The dramatically changing nature of Turkish democracy"</a>. The Turkish Sun. 16 June 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theturkishsun.com/opponent-or-terrorist-the-dramatically-changing-nature-of-turkish-democracy-20313/">the original</a> on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Turkish+Sun&rft.atitle=Opponent+or+Terrorist%3F+The+dramatically+changing+nature+of+Turkish+democracy&rft.date=2016-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheturkishsun.com%2Fopponent-or-terrorist-the-dramatically-changing-nature-of-turkish-democracy-20313%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/reporters-without-borders-labels-erdogan-as-enemy-of-press-freedom/a-36228949">"Reporters Without Borders labels Erdogan as 'enemy of press freedom'"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 2 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161114004630/http://www.dw.com/en/reporters-without-borders-labels-erdogan-as-enemy-of-press-freedom/a-36228949">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reporters+Without+Borders+labels+Erdogan+as+%27enemy+of+press+freedom%27&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Freporters-without-borders-labels-erdogan-as-enemy-of-press-freedom%2Fa-36228949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turkey_Blocks_Twitter-239"><a href="#cite_ref-Turkey_Blocks_Twitter_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140321092718/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/turkey-blocks-access-to-twitter/2014/03/20/7bad19d2-b08c-11e3-b8b3-44b1d1cd4c1f_story.html">"Turkey Blocks Twitter"</a>. The Washington Post. 21 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/turkey-blocks-access-to-twitter/2014/03/20/7bad19d2-b08c-11e3-b8b3-44b1d1cd4c1f_story.html">the original</a> on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+Blocks+Twitter&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fturkey-blocks-access-to-twitter%2F2014%2F03%2F20%2F7bad19d2-b08c-11e3-b8b3-44b1d1cd4c1f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShieber2017" class="citation news cs1">Shieber, Jonathan (29 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/29/turkey-blocks-wikipedia-under-law-designed-to-protect-national-security">"Wikipedia has been blocked in Turkey"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805103010/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/29/turkey-blocks-wikipedia-under-law-designed-to-protect-national-security">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wikipedia+has+been+blocked+in+Turkey&rft.date=2017-04-29&rft.aulast=Shieber&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fapr%2F29%2Fturkey-blocks-wikipedia-under-law-designed-to-protect-national-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701132727/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-security-socialmedia/turkey-determined-to-control-social-media-platforms-erdogan-says-idUKKBN2425Y4">"Turkey determined to control social media platforms, Erdogan says"</a>. Reuters. 1 July 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-security-socialmedia/turkey-determined-to-control-social-media-platforms-erdogan-says-idUKKBN2425Y4">the original</a> on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey+determined+to+control+social+media+platforms%2C+Erdogan+says&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-turkey-security-socialmedia%2Fturkey-determined-to-control-social-media-platforms-erdogan-says-idUKKBN2425Y4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisNaylor2016" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Loveday; Naylor, Hugh (20 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/turkey-bans-all-academics-from-travelling-in-latest-post-coup-measures/2016/07/20/f3498b44-4de5-11e6-bf27-405106836f96_story.html">"Turkey declares a state of emergency for three months"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409190658/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/turkey-bans-all-academics-from-travelling-in-latest-post-coup-measures/2016/07/20/f3498b44-4de5-11e6-bf27-405106836f96_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+declares+a+state+of+emergency+for+three+months&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft.au=Naylor%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fturkey-bans-all-academics-from-travelling-in-latest-post-coup-measures%2F2016%2F07%2F20%2Ff3498b44-4de5-11e6-bf27-405106836f96_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilx.com/content/news/Turkeys-parliament-approves-state-of-emergency-387811071.html">Turkey's parliament approves state of emergency</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203174713/http://www.wilx.com/content/news/Turkeys-parliament-approves-state-of-emergency-387811071.html">Archived</a> 3 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (21 July 2016, wilx.com) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-244">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_244-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_244-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44881328">"Turkey ends state of emergency after two years"</a>. BBC News. 18 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221012180149/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44881328">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Turkey+ends+state+of+emergency+after+two+years&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-44881328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/turkey-failed-coup-attempt-161217032345594.html">"Turkey's failed coup attempt: All you need to know"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816085400/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/turkey-failed-coup-attempt-161217032345594.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+failed+coup+attempt%3A+All+you+need+to+know&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F12%2Fturkey-failed-coup-attempt-161217032345594.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-japantimes.co.jp-246">^ <a href="#cite_ref-japantimes.co.jp_246-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-japantimes.co.jp_246-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyier2016" class="citation news cs1">Dyier, Gwinne (8 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/11/08/commentary/world-commentary/erdogan-derailing-turkeys-promising-future/">"Erdogan derailing Turkey's promising future"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326164723/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/11/08/commentary/world-commentary/erdogan-derailing-turkeys-promising-future/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Erdogan+derailing+Turkey%27s+promising+future&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft.aulast=Dyier&rft.aufirst=Gwinne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2016%2F11%2F08%2Fcommentary%2Fworld-commentary%2Ferdogan-derailing-turkeys-promising-future%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501023628/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-southkorea-politics-park/south-korean-court-jails-former-president-park-for-24-years-idUKKCN1HC2ZR">"Turkey orders 70 army officers detained over Gulen links"</a>. Reuters. 29 March 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-southkorea-politics-park/south-korean-court-jails-former-president-park-for-24-years-idUKKCN1HC2ZR">the original</a> on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey+orders+70+army+officers+detained+over+Gulen+links&rft.date=2018-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-southkorea-politics-park%2Fsouth-korean-court-jails-former-president-park-for-24-years-idUKKCN1HC2ZR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/erdogan-wants-to-silence-all-opposition-media/a-19100896">Erdoğan wants to silence all opposition media</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420050407/http://www.dw.com/en/erdogan-wants-to-silence-all-opposition-media/a-19100896">Archived</a> 20 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Deutsche Welle. 3 August 2016. Downloaded 19 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-journalists_jailed-249"><a href="#cite_ref-journalists_jailed_249-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpj.org/reports/2017/12/journalists-prison-jail-record-number-turkey-china-egypt.php">Record number of journalists jailed as Turkey, China, Egypt pay scant price for repression</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629191208/https://cpj.org/reports/2017/12/journalists-prison-jail-record-number-turkey-china-egypt.php">Archived</a> 29 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">Committee to Protect Journalists</a> (13 December 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-WashPost_35k-250"><a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_35k_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2016" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Loveday (19 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/turkey-jails-generals-as-post-coup-purge-widens/2016/07/19/db076c84-4d1f-11e6-bf27-405106836f96_story.html">"Turkey suspends more than 15,000 education workers in widening purge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160722223251/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/turkey-jails-generals-as-post-coup-purge-widens/2016/07/19/db076c84-4d1f-11e6-bf27-405106836f96_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+suspends+more+than+15%2C000+education+workers+in+widening+purge&rft.date=2016-07-19&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fturkey-jails-generals-as-post-coup-purge-widens%2F2016%2F07%2F19%2Fdb076c84-4d1f-11e6-bf27-405106836f96_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21702511-failed-putsch-was-bloodiest-turkey-has-seen-backlash-worrying-after-coup">After the coup, the counter-coup</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428201829/https://economist.com/news/briefing/21702511-failed-putsch-was-bloodiest-turkey-has-seen-backlash-worrying-after-coup">Archived</a> 28 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 23 July 2016, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_countercoup-252"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_countercoup_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/opinion/the-counter-coup-in-turkey.html">"The Counter-Coup in Turkey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 16 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716175951/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/opinion/the-counter-coup-in-turkey.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Counter-Coup+in+Turkey&rft.date=2016-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F07%2F16%2Fopinion%2Fthe-counter-coup-in-turkey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-turkey-media-20170302-story.html">"Turkey's bleak media scene: Arrests, closures and closed trials"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 3 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221028161811/https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-turkey-media-20170302-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+bleak+media+scene%3A+Arrests%2C+closures+and+closed+trials&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fla-fg-turkey-media-20170302-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2017_referendum-254"><a href="#cite_ref-2017_referendum_254-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2017" class="citation web cs1">Richardson, Ryan (4 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2017/04/04/erdogan-referendum-threatens-democracy-turkey">"Erdoğan referendum threatens democracy in Turkey"</a>. American Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702082511/https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2017/04/04/erdogan-referendum-threatens-democracy-turkey">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Magazine&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+referendum+threatens+democracy+in+Turkey&rft.date=2017-04-04&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Fpolitics-society%2F2017%2F04%2F04%2Ferdogan-referendum-threatens-democracy-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilkins2017" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Filkins" title="Dexter Filkins">Filkins, Dexter</a> (17 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/turkeys-vote-makes-erdogan-effectively-a-dictator">"Turkey's Vote Makes Erdoğan Effectively a Dictator"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521064848/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/turkeys-vote-makes-erdogan-effectively-a-dictator">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Vote+Makes+Erdo%C4%9Fan+Effectively+a+Dictator&rft.date=2017-04-17&rft.aulast=Filkins&rft.aufirst=Dexter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fturkeys-vote-makes-erdogan-effectively-a-dictator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-democracy_falls-256"><a href="#cite_ref-democracy_falls_256-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicseminar.org/2017/03/the-fall-of-turkish-democracy/">Ertug Tombus, "The Fall of Turkish Democracy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163612/http://www.publicseminar.org/2017/03/the-fall-of-turkish-democracy/">Archived</a> 12 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Publicseminar.org, 3 March 2017. Downloaded 19 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/trump-to-erdogan-congrats-on-your-dictatorship/">Trump to Erdoğan: Congrats On Your Dictatorship!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420052659/https://www.thenation.com/article/trump-to-erdogan-congrats-on-your-dictatorship/">Archived</a> 20 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Nation. By John Nichols. 18 April 2017. Downloaded 19 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/30/world/europe/turkey-purge-wikipedia-tv-dating-shows.html?">Turkey Purges 4,000 More Officials, and Blocks Wikipedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501024117/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/30/world/europe/turkey-purge-wikipedia-tv-dating-shows.html">Archived</a> 1 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The New York Times. By Patrick Kingsley. 30 April 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWales2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Wales, Jimmy [@jimmy_wales]</a> (29 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170502184059/https://mobile.twitter.com/jimmy_wales/status/858317740616032256">"Access to information is a fundamental human right. Turkish people, I will always stand with you and fight for this right. #turkey"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/jimmy_wales/status/858317740616032256">the original</a> on 2 May 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Access+to+information+is+a+fundamental+human+right.+Turkish+people%2C+I+will+always+stand+with+you+and+fight+for+this+right.+%23turkey&rft.date=2017-04-29&rft.aulast=Wales&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fjimmy_wales%2Fstatus%2F858317740616032256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamim_Akgönül2016" class="citation news cs1">Samim Akgönül (8 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122082724/http://www.todayszaman.com/columnists_scholars-for-peace-we-will-not-be-a-party-to-this-crime_409172.html">"Scholars for Peace: we will not be a party to this crime"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Today%27s_Zaman" title="Today's Zaman">Today's Zaman</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/columnists_scholars-for-peace-we-will-not-be-a-party-to-this-crime_409172.html">the original</a> on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=Scholars+for+Peace%3A+we+will+not+be+a+party+to+this+crime&rft.date=2016-01-08&rft.au=Samim+Akg%C3%B6n%C3%BCl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fcolumnists_scholars-for-peace-we-will-not-be-a-party-to-this-crime_409172.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrendan_O'Malley2016" class="citation journal cs1">Brendan O'Malley (15 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20160115184937503">"Lecturers detained, threatened for opposing military action"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_World_News" title="University World News">University World News</a> (396). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124114134/http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20160115184937503">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+World+News&rft.atitle=Lecturers+detained%2C+threatened+for+opposing+military+action&rft.issue=396&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.au=Brendan+O%27Malley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universityworldnews.com%2Farticle.php%3Fstory%3D20160115184937503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohannon2016" class="citation web cs1">Bohannon, John (19 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/turkish-academics-pay-price-speaking-out-kurds">"Turkish academics pay price for speaking out on Kurds"</a>. Science Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104114928/https://www.science.org/content/article/turkish-academics-pay-price-speaking-out-kurds">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Magazine&rft.atitle=Turkish+academics+pay+price+for+speaking+out+on+Kurds&rft.date=2016-01-19&rft.aulast=Bohannon&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fturkish-academics-pay-price-speaking-out-kurds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-president-vows-treasonous-academics-will-pay-the-price.aspx?pageID=238&nID=94128&NewsCatID=339">"Turkish president vows 'treasonous' academics will pay the price"</a>. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a>. 20 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122095734/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-president-vows-treasonous-academics-will-pay-the-price.aspx?pageID=238&nID=94128&NewsCatID=339">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+president+vows+%27treasonous%27+academics+will+pay+the+price&rft.date=2016-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fturkish-president-vows-treasonous-academics-will-pay-the-price.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D94128%26NewsCatID%3D339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolianskaya2018" class="citation web cs1">Polianskaya, Alina (9 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-sacks-18000-officials-emergency-decree-erdogan-swears-oath-president-a8437151.html">"Turkey suddenly sacks 18,000 officials in emergency decree, days before Erdogan is sworn in again"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190630065044/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-sacks-18000-officials-emergency-decree-erdogan-swears-oath-president-a8437151.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Turkey+suddenly+sacks+18%2C000+officials+in+emergency+decree%2C+days+before+Erdogan+is+sworn+in+again&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft.aulast=Polianskaya&rft.aufirst=Alina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fturkey-sacks-18000-officials-emergency-decree-erdogan-swears-oath-president-a8437151.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_265-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/01/27/is-recep-tayyip-erdogans-monetary-policy-as-mad-as-it-seems">"Is Recep Tayyip Erdogan's monetary policy as mad as it seems?"</a>. The Economist. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310202504/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/01/27/is-recep-tayyip-erdogans-monetary-policy-as-mad-as-it-seems">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Is+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan%27s+monetary+policy+as+mad+as+it+seems%3F&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-economist-explains%2F2022%2F01%2F27%2Fis-recep-tayyip-erdogans-monetary-policy-as-mad-as-it-seems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilginsoy2022" class="citation web cs1">Bilginsoy, Zeynep (17 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/business-middle-east-europe-prices-inflation-d462a5d85364a50f159fa620287b9f21">"Turkish central bank doesn't change rates as inflation soars"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Turkish+central+bank+doesn%27t+change+rates+as+inflation+soars&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft.aulast=Bilginsoy&rft.aufirst=Zeynep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbusiness-middle-east-europe-prices-inflation-d462a5d85364a50f159fa620287b9f21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tirto.id-267"><a href="#cite_ref-tirto.id_267-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tirto.id/represi-turki-terhadap-minoritas-kurdi-akhirnya-meluas-ke-suriah-cDLj">"Represi Turki terhadap Minoritas Kurdi Akhirnya Meluas ke Suriah"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Represi+Turki+terhadap+Minoritas+Kurdi+Akhirnya+Meluas+ke+Suriah&rft.pub=Tirto.id&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftirto.id%2Frepresi-turki-terhadap-minoritas-kurdi-akhirnya-meluas-ke-suriah-cDLj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-e101-268"><a href="#cite_ref-e101_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorzou_Daragahi2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Borzou Daragahi (25 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/25/erdogan-is-a-mad-economist-and-turkey-is-his-laboratory/">"Erdogan Is Failing Economics 101"</a>. Foreign Policy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414084916/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/25/erdogan-is-a-mad-economist-and-turkey-is-his-laboratory/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Erdogan+Is+Failing+Economics+101&rft.date=2018-05-25&rft.au=Borzou+Daragahi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2018%2F05%2F25%2Ferdogan-is-a-mad-economist-and-turkey-is-his-laboratory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-challenge-269"><a href="#cite_ref-challenge_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/79317f20-67f5-11e8-8cf3-0c230fa67aec">"Inflation rise poses challenge to Erdogan as election looms"</a>. Financial Times. 5 June 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/79317f20-67f5-11e8-8cf3-0c230fa67aec">the original</a> on 10 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Inflation+rise+poses+challenge+to+Erdogan+as+election+looms&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F79317f20-67f5-11e8-8cf3-0c230fa67aec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-crash-270"><a href="#cite_ref-crash_270-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt_O'Brien2018" class="citation news cs1">Matt O'Brien (13 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/07/13/turkeys-economy-looks-like-its-headed-big-crash/">"Turkey's economy looks like it's headed for a big crash"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408090710/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/07/13/turkeys-economy-looks-like-its-headed-big-crash/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+economy+looks+like+it%27s+headed+for+a+big+crash&rft.date=2018-07-13&rft.au=Matt+O%27Brien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2018%2F07%2F13%2Fturkeys-economy-looks-like-its-headed-big-crash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/erdogan-turkey-presidential-election-earthquake-inflation-5e9ba02e8a552cc5d7187a5ea557333e">"Turkey's Erdogan faces tough election amid quake, inflation"</a>. AP NEWS. 5 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516201246/https://apnews.com/article/erdogan-turkey-presidential-election-earthquake-inflation-5e9ba02e8a552cc5d7187a5ea557333e">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+faces+tough+election+amid+quake%2C+inflation&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ferdogan-turkey-presidential-election-earthquake-inflation-5e9ba02e8a552cc5d7187a5ea557333e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Krugman2018" class="citation news cs1">Paul Krugman (24 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/opinion/turkey-trump-erdogan.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region&region=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region">"Turmoil for Turkey's Trump"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128092742/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/opinion/turkey-trump-erdogan.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region&region=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turmoil+for+Turkey%27s+Trump&rft.date=2018-05-24&rft.au=Paul+Krugman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F05%2F24%2Fopinion%2Fturkey-trump-erdogan.html%3Faction%3Dclick%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26clickSource%3Dstory-heading%26module%3Dopinion-c-col-left-region%26region%3Dopinion-c-col-left-region%26WT.nav%3Dopinion-c-col-left-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/migration/132233">"Erdogan to EU: 'We're not idiots', threatens to send refugees"</a>. EUobserver. 11 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602202248/https://euobserver.com/migration/132233">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=Erdogan+to+EU%3A+%27We%27re+not+idiots%27%2C+threatens+to+send+refugees&rft.date=2016-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Fmigration%2F132233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-eu-turkey-idUSKCN0VH1R0">"Turkey's Erdogan threatened to flood Europe with migrants: Greek website"</a>. Reuters. 8 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170626000142/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-eu-turkey-idUSKCN0VH1R0">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+threatened+to+flood+Europe+with+migrants%3A+Greek+website&rft.date=2016-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-europe-migrants-eu-turkey-idUSKCN0VH1R0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trtworld.com/europe/germany-voices-support-for-accelerating-turkey-eu-talks-65967">Germany voices support for accelerating Turkey-EU talks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313032120/http://www.trtworld.com/europe/germany-voices-support-for-accelerating-turkey-eu-talks-65967">Archived</a> 13 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (trtworld.com, 12 March 2016) </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venice.coe.int/files/turkish%20declaration%20June%202015.pdf">"Venice Commission Declaration on Interference with Judicial Independence in Turkey. 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Retrieved 20 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venice+Commission+Declaration+on+Interference+with+Judicial+Independence+in+Turkey.+Parliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe%2C+Resolution+2121+%282016%29&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenice.coe.int%2Ffiles%2Fturkish%2520declaration%2520June%25202015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/rights-violations-terror-ops-threaten-turkeys-democratic-institutions-pace.aspx?pageID=238&nID=100835&NewsCatID=339">"Rights violations, terror ops threaten Turkey's democratic institutions: PACE"</a>. Hürriyet Daily News. 23 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716083728/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/rights-violations-terror-ops-threaten-turkeys-democratic-institutions-pace.aspx?pageID=238&nID=100835&NewsCatID=339">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Rights+violations%2C+terror+ops+threaten+Turkey%27s+democratic+institutions%3A+PACE&rft.date=2016-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Frights-violations-terror-ops-threaten-turkeys-democratic-institutions-pace.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D100835%26NewsCatID%3D339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-13/cyprus-reunification-talks-to-reconvene-next-week-as-deal-stalls">"Erdogan Vows to Keep Turkish Troops in Cyprus as Talks Stall"</a>. Bloomberg L.P. 13 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115161108/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-13/cyprus-reunification-talks-to-reconvene-next-week-as-deal-stalls">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erdogan+Vows+to+Keep+Turkish+Troops+in+Cyprus+as+Talks+Stall&rft.date=2017-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-01-13%2Fcyprus-reunification-talks-to-reconvene-next-week-as-deal-stalls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey/azerbaijan-president-aliyev-thanks-turkeys-erdogan-for-support-idUSKBN26L2CG">"Azerbaijan President Aliyev thanks Turkey's Erdogan for support"</a>. Reuters. 30 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017113027/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey/azerbaijan-president-aliyev-thanks-turkeys-erdogan-for-support-idUSKBN26L2CG">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan+President+Aliyev+thanks+Turkey%27s+Erdogan+for+support&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey%2Fazerbaijan-president-aliyev-thanks-turkeys-erdogan-for-support-idUSKBN26L2CG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/us-russia-france-condemn-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh/a-55124944">"US, Russia, France condemn fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 1 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002173647/https://www.dw.com/en/us-russia-france-condemn-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh/a-55124944">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US%2C+Russia%2C+France+condemn+fighting+in+Nagorno-Karabakh&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fus-russia-france-condemn-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh%2Fa-55124944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/erdogan-agrees-to-putin-s-plan-for-turkey-to-be-russian-gas-hub/6798604.html">"Erdogan Agrees to Putin's Plan for Turkey to Be Russian Gas Hub"</a>. VOA News. 20 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610114849/https://www.voanews.com/a/erdogan-agrees-to-putin-s-plan-for-turkey-to-be-russian-gas-hub/6798604.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOA+News&rft.atitle=Erdogan+Agrees+to+Putin%27s+Plan+for+Turkey+to+Be+Russian+Gas+Hub&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Ferdogan-agrees-to-putin-s-plan-for-turkey-to-be-russian-gas-hub%2F6798604.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-black_sea-pipelines-282"><a href="#cite_ref-black_sea-pipelines_282-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-election-energy-recep-tayyip-erdogan-nuclear-gas-russia/">"Erdoğan plays energy card in Turkish election—with Putin's help"</a>. Politico. 4 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610114845/https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-election-energy-recep-tayyip-erdogan-nuclear-gas-russia/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+plays+energy+card+in+Turkish+election%E2%80%94with+Putin%27s+help&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fturkey-election-energy-recep-tayyip-erdogan-nuclear-gas-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/azerbaijan-president-ilham-aliyev-refuse-hold-nagorno-karabakh-talks-turkey-recep-tayyip-erdogan-erdogan-canceled-attendance-european-political-community-falling-ill/">"Erdoğan cancels Granada summit trip after falling ill"</a>. POLITICO. 4 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005063756/https://www.politico.eu/article/azerbaijan-president-ilham-aliyev-refuse-hold-nagorno-karabakh-talks-turkey-recep-tayyip-erdogan-erdogan-canceled-attendance-european-political-community-falling-ill/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+cancels+Granada+summit+trip+after+falling+ill&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fazerbaijan-president-ilham-aliyev-refuse-hold-nagorno-karabakh-talks-turkey-recep-tayyip-erdogan-erdogan-canceled-attendance-european-political-community-falling-ill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1221606/erdogan-cancels-scheduled-commitments-due-to-illness/">"Erdogan cancels scheduled commitments due to illness"</a>. Ekathimerini. 4 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005095222/https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1221606/erdogan-cancels-scheduled-commitments-due-to-illness/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ekathimerini&rft.atitle=Erdogan+cancels+scheduled+commitments+due+to+illness&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekathimerini.com%2Fnews%2F1221606%2Ferdogan-cancels-scheduled-commitments-due-to-illness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-finland-nato-sweden-turkey-b2078248.html">"Nato member Turkey hits out at Finland and Sweden membership bids"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 13 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220601200659/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-finland-nato-sweden-turkey-b2078248.html%23comments-area">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Nato+member+Turkey+hits+out+at+Finland+and+Sweden+membership+bids&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-finland-nato-sweden-turkey-b2078248.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/erdogan-says-turkey-not-positive-finland-sweden-joining-nato-2022-05-13/">"Erdogan says Turkey not supportive of Finland, Sweden joining NATO"</a>. Reuters. 13 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513152702/https://www.reuters.com/world/erdogan-says-turkey-not-positive-finland-sweden-joining-nato-2022-05-13/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Erdogan+says+Turkey+not+supportive+of+Finland%2C+Sweden+joining+NATO&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Ferdogan-says-turkey-not-positive-finland-sweden-joining-nato-2022-05-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64380066">"Erdogan tells Sweden not to expect Nato bid support"</a>. BBC News. 23 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123233811/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64380066">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Erdogan+tells+Sweden+not+to+expect+Nato+bid+support&rft.date=2023-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-64380066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000009459412.html">"Nato: Erdoğan ilmoitti Turkin ratifioivan Suomen Nato-jäsenyyden, Valkoinen talo antoi kehotuksen myös Ruotsin hyväksymisestä – HS seurasi Niinistön Turkin-vierailua"</a>. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 17 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325201423/https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000009459412.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.atitle=Nato%3A+Erdo%C4%9Fan+ilmoitti+Turkin+ratifioivan+Suomen+Nato-j%C3%A4senyyden%2C+Valkoinen+talo+antoi+kehotuksen+my%C3%B6s+Ruotsin+hyv%C3%A4ksymisest%C3%A4+%E2%80%93+HS+seurasi+Niinist%C3%B6n+Turkin-vierailua&rft.date=2023-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Fpolitiikka%2Fart-2000009459412.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hs.fi/ulkomaat/art-2000009473813.html">"Nato: Turkin parlamentin ulkoasiainvaliokunta hyväksyi Suomen Nato-jäsenyyden"</a>. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 23 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324131641/https://www.hs.fi/ulkomaat/art-2000009473813.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.atitle=Nato%3A+Turkin+parlamentin+ulkoasiainvaliokunta+hyv%C3%A4ksyi+Suomen+Nato-j%C3%A4senyyden&rft.date=2023-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Fulkomaat%2Fart-2000009473813.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20025375">"Erdogan has signed ratification of Finland's NATO membership"</a>. News. 1 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401205652/https://yle.fi/a/74-20025375">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=Erdogan+has+signed+ratification+of+Finland%27s+NATO+membership&rft.date=2023-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20025375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/26/erdogan-tells-nato-chief-sweden-must-stop-kurdish-protests">"Erdogan tells NATO chief Sweden must stop Kurdish protests"</a>. Al Jazeera. 26 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629093001/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/26/erdogan-tells-nato-chief-sweden-must-stop-kurdish-protests">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Erdogan+tells+NATO+chief+Sweden+must+stop+Kurdish+protests&rft.date=2023-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F26%2Ferdogan-tells-nato-chief-sweden-must-stop-kurdish-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huseyin_Hayatsever_2023_k001-292"><a href="#cite_ref-Huseyin_Hayatsever_2023_k001_292-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayatseverToksabay2023" class="citation web cs1">Hayatsever, Huseyin; Toksabay, Ece (10 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/erdogan-links-swedens-nato-membership-turkeys-eu-accession-2023-07-10/">"Erdogan links Sweden's NATO membership to Turkey's EU accession"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230801081525/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/erdogan-links-swedens-nato-membership-turkeys-eu-accession-2023-07-10/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Erdogan+links+Sweden%27s+NATO+membership+to+Turkey%27s+EU+accession&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft.aulast=Hayatsever&rft.aufirst=Huseyin&rft.au=Toksabay%2C+Ece&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ferdogan-links-swedens-nato-membership-turkeys-eu-accession-2023-07-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hande_Atay_Alam_2023_r971-293"><a href="#cite_ref-Hande_Atay_Alam_2023_r971_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlamEdwards2023" class="citation web cs1">Alam, Hande Atay; Edwards, Christian (10 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/10/europe/erdogan-turkey-nato-eu-sweden-intl/index.html">"Erdogan links Sweden's NATO bid to Turkey joining the EU"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230716214608/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/10/europe/erdogan-turkey-nato-eu-sweden-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Erdogan+links+Sweden%27s+NATO+bid+to+Turkey+joining+the+EU&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Hande+Atay&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F07%2F10%2Feurope%2Ferdogan-turkey-nato-eu-sweden-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-says-country-could-part-ways-with-eu-if-necessary-2023-09-16/">"Turkey could part ways with EU if necessary, Erdogan says"</a>. Reuters. 16 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918150629/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-says-country-could-part-ways-with-eu-if-necessary-2023-09-16/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey+could+part+ways+with+EU+if+necessary%2C+Erdogan+says&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2023-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkeys-erdogan-says-country-could-part-ways-with-eu-if-necessary-2023-09-16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/09/turkeys-erdogan-initiates-sweden-nato-ratification-parliament">"Turkey's Erdogan initiates Sweden NATO ratification in parliament – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East"</a>. www.al-monitor.com. 23 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023145158/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/09/turkeys-erdogan-initiates-sweden-nato-ratification-parliament">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.al-monitor.com&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+initiates+Sweden+NATO+ratification+in+parliament+%E2%80%93+Al-Monitor%3A+Independent%2C+trusted+coverage+of+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2023%2F09%2Fturkeys-erdogan-initiates-sweden-nato-ratification-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/turkish-parliament-set-discuss-ratifying-swedens-nato-membership-2023-10-25/">"Turkish parliament set to discuss ratifying Sweden's NATO membership"</a>. Reuters. 25 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031113155/https://www.reuters.com/world/turkish-parliament-set-discuss-ratifying-swedens-nato-membership-2023-10-25/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkish+parliament+set+to+discuss+ratifying+Sweden%27s+NATO+membership&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fturkish-parliament-set-discuss-ratifying-swedens-nato-membership-2023-10-25%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYetkinReport2023" class="citation web cs1">YetkinReport (16 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yetkinreport.com/en/2023/11/16/turkish-parliament-postponed-swedens-nato-accession-deliberations/">"Turkish parliament postponed Sweden's NATO accession deliberations"</a>. Yetkin Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116144539/https://yetkinreport.com/en/2023/11/16/turkish-parliament-postponed-swedens-nato-accession-deliberations/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yetkin+Report&rft.atitle=Turkish+parliament+postponed+Sweden%27s+NATO+accession+deliberations&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft.au=YetkinReport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyetkinreport.com%2Fen%2F2023%2F11%2F16%2Fturkish-parliament-postponed-swedens-nato-accession-deliberations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/turkish-parliament-signals-new-delay-in-sweden-s-nato-bid-1.1999552">"Turkish Parliament Signals New Delay in Sweden's NATO Bid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. 16 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204050641/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/turkish-parliament-signals-new-delay-in-sweden-s-nato-bid-1.1999552">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+Parliament+Signals+New+Delay+in+Sweden%27s+NATO+Bid&rft.pub=Bloomberg+News&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnnbloomberg.ca%2Fturkish-parliament-signals-new-delay-in-sweden-s-nato-bid-1.1999552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-soon-299"><a href="#cite_ref-soon_299-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant" class="citation news cs1">Bryant, Miranda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/22/sweden-must-join-nato-soon-to-ward-off-russian-threat-says-defence-minister">"Sweden must join Nato soon to ward off Russian threat, says defence minister"</a>. Music. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1756-3224">1756-3224</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60623878">60623878</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122080010/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/22/sweden-must-join-nato-soon-to-ward-off-russian-threat-says-defence-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sweden+must+join+Nato+soon+to+ward+off+Russian+threat%2C+says+defence+minister&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60623878&rft.issn=1756-3224&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fnov%2F22%2Fsweden-must-join-nato-soon-to-ward-off-russian-threat-says-defence-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231226161416/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/26/turkey-sweden-nato/4ab84610-a3cc-11ee-aacb-6f873a65763e_story.html">"Sweden moves one step closer to NATO membership after Turkish parliamentary committee gives approval"</a>. Washington Post. 26 December 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/26/turkey-sweden-nato/4ab84610-a3cc-11ee-aacb-6f873a65763e_story.html">the original</a> on 26 December 2023. 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Retrieved 25 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polskie+Radio&rft.atitle=Turkish+PM+receives+Polish+business+award&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.pl%2F1%2F12%2FArtykul%2F83932%2CTurkish-PM-receives-Polish-business-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkyol2015" class="citation book cs1">Akyol, Çiğdem (2015). Generation Erdoğan (1. ed.). Kremayr & Scheriau. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-218-00969-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-218-00969-0"><bdi>978-3-218-00969-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generation+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.edition=1.&rft.pub=Kremayr+%26+Scheriau&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-218-00969-0&rft.aulast=Akyol&rft.aufirst=%C3%87i%C4%9Fdem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkdoğan2018" class="citation book cs1">Akdoğan, Yalçın (2018). Political leadership and Erdoğan. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-0627-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-0627-5"><bdi>978-1-5275-0627-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+leadership+and+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5275-0627-5&rft.aulast=Akdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBechev2022" class="citation book cs1">Bechev, Dimitar (2022). Turkey Under Erdogan. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26501-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26501-9"><bdi>978-0-300-26501-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+Under+Erdogan&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-300-26501-9&rft.aulast=Bechev&rft.aufirst=Dimitar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Cagaptay, Soner. The new sultan: Erdogan and the crisis of modern Turkey (2nd ed. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/693096/summary">online review</a></li> <li>Cagaptay, Soner. "Making Turkey Great Again." Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 43 (2019): 169–78. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/opeds/Cagaptay20190206-FletcherForum.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712080342/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/opeds/Cagaptay20190206-FletcherForum.pdf">Archived</a> 12 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Kirişci, Kemal, and Amanda Sloat. "The rise and fall of liberal democracy in Turkey: Implications for the West" Foreign Policy at Brookings (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FP_20190226_turkey_kirisci_sloat.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Tziarras, Zenonas. "Erdoganist authoritarianism and the 'new' Turkey." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 18.4 (2018): 593–598. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/download/58131132/Erdoganist_authoritarianism_and_the_new_Turkey.pdf">online</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]</li> <li>Yavuz, M. Hakan. "A framework for understanding the Intra-Islamist conflict between the AK party and the Gülen movement." Politics, Religion & Ideology 19.1 (2018): 11–32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/download/56556625/A_Framework_for_Understanding_the_Intra_Islamist_Conflict_Between_the_AK_Party_and_the_G_len_Movement.pdf">online</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]</li> <li>Yesil, Bilge. Media in New Turkey: The Origins of an Authoritarian Neoliberal State (University of Illinois Press, 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/8371/2230">online review</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="extiw" title="q:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39259" class="extiw" title="d:Q39259">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official">Official</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/receptayyiperdogan/">Official website</a> of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RTErdogan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/RTErdogan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> on <a href="/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook (identifier)">Facebook</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1024197">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/e/recep_tayyip_erdogan/index.html">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/30/welcome-to-demokrasi-how-erdogan-got-more-popular-than-ever">Welcome to demokrasi: how Erdoğan got more popular than ever</a> by <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_S%C3%B6zen" title="Nurettin Sözen">Nurettin Sözen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul" title="List of mayors of Istanbul">Mayor of Istanbul</a> 1994–1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ali_M%C3%BCfit_G%C3%BCrtuna" title="Ali Müfit Gürtuna">Ali Müfit Gürtuna</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a> 2003–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a> 2014–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New office </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Leader of the Justice and Development Party</a> 2001–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Leader of the Justice and Development Party</a> 2017–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">Group of 20</a> 2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a> 2021–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Template:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Template talk:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Turkey" title="List of presidents of Turkey">12th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="List of prime ministers of Turkey">25th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a> (2003–2014)</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="23rd Parliament of Turkey">23rd</a> and <a href="/wiki/24th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="24th Parliament of Turkey">24th Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_(1st_electoral_district)" title="Istanbul (1st electoral district)">Istanbul 1st electoral district</a> (2007–2011; 2011–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="22nd Parliament of Turkey">Member of the 22nd Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district)" title="Siirt (electoral district)">Siirt electoral district</a> (2002–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">1st and 4th</a> Leader of the Justice and Development Party (2001–2014; 2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul" title="List of mayors of Istanbul">28th Mayor of Istanbul</a> (1994–1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Third inauguration of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Inauguration</a></li> <li>Cabinets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="66th cabinet of Turkey">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="67th cabinet of Turkey">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Presidential trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_university_diploma_controversy" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy">University diploma controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6hmermann_affair" title="Böhmermann affair">Böhmermann affair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erdowie,_Erdowo,_Erdogan" title="Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan">Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%93present_purges_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="2016–present purges in Turkey">2016–present purges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">2017 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan_Iran_poem_controversy" title="Erdoğan Iran poem controversy">Iran poem controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93current)" title="Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)">2018–present Economic crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG/140px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG" decoding="async" width="140" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG/210px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG/280px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="488" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Premiership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cabinets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/59th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="59th cabinet of Turkey">59th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="60th cabinet of Turkey">60th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="61st cabinet of Turkey">61st</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Prime ministerial trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government" title="Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_initiative" title="Democratic initiative">Democratic initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solution_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Solution process">Solution process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_speech_in_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="2005 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan speech in Diyarbakır">2005 Diyarbakır speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Turkish constitutional referendum">2007 Turkish constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2010 Turkish constitutional referendum">2010 Turkish constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_2023" title="Vision 2023">Vision 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government" title="Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government">Civil–military relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Electoral history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Istanbul Mayoral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Turkish_local_elections" title="1994 Turkish local elections">1994</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election" title="2003 Siirt Province by-election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Turkish_local_elections" title="2004 Turkish local elections">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections" title="2009 Turkish local elections">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_local_elections" title="2014 Turkish local elections">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections" title="2024 Turkish local elections">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">2014</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_presidential_campaign" title="2014 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2018 Turkish presidential election">2018</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_presidential_campaign" title="2018 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2023 Turkish presidential election">2023</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_2023_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 2023 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/This_Song_Doesn%27t_End_Here" title="This Song Doesn't End Here">This Song Doesn't End Here</a> (1999 album)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fairer_World_Is_Possible" title="A Fairer World Is Possible">A Fairer World Is Possible</a> (2021 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emine_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Emine Erdoğan">Emine Erdoğan</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Burak_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Ahmet Burak Erdoğan">Ahmet Burak Erdoğan</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilal_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Bilal Erdoğan">Necmettin Bilal Erdoğan</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esra_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Esra Erdoğan">Esra Erdoğan Albayrak</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmeyye_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Sümeyye Erdoğan">Sümeyye Erdoğan Bayraktar</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berat_Albayrak" title="Berat Albayrak">Berat Albayrak</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk_Bayraktar" title="Selçuk Bayraktar">Selçuk Bayraktar</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Early life and career of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kas%C4%B1mpa%C5%9Fa,_Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu">Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honorary_doctorates_awarded_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="List of honorary doctorates awarded to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Honorary doctorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_democracy" title="Conservative democracy">Conservative democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_model" title="Turkish model">Turkish model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_world_is_bigger_than_five" class="mw-redirect" title="The world is bigger than five">The world is bigger than five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Security incidents involving Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Assassination threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Stadium" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_University" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan_Hospital" title="Erdoğan Hospital">Erdoğan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey:_Empire_of_Erdogan" title="Turkey: Empire of Erdogan">Turkey: Empire of Erdogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan%E2%80%93Gollum_comparison_trials" title="Erdoğan–Gollum comparison trials">Erdoğan–Gollum comparison trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Presidents_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Turkey" title="Template:Presidents of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Presidents of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Presidents_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Presidents of Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Turkey" title="List of presidents of Turkey">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel" title="Cemal Gürsel">Cemal Gürsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Sunay" title="Cevdet Sunay">Cevdet Sunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahri_Korut%C3%BCrk" title="Fahri Korutürk">Fahri Korutürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer" title="Ahmet Necdet Sezer">Ahmet Necdet Sezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of the President of Turkey"><img alt="Standard of the President of Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/90px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="469" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhalik_Renda" title="Abdülhalik Renda">Abdülhalik Renda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekin_Ar%C4%B1burun" title="Tekin Arıburun">Tekin Arıburun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hsan_Sabri_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayangil" title="İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil">İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsamettin_Cindoruk" title="Hüsamettin Cindoruk">Hüsamettin Cindoruk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="Template:Prime ministers of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime ministers of Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Government of the Grand National Assembly</a> (1920–1923)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak">Fevzi Çakmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauf_Orbay" title="Rauf Orbay">Rauf Orbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> (1923–2018)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refik_Saydam" title="Refik Saydam">Refik Saydam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Fikri_T%C3%BCzer" title="Ahmet Fikri Tüzer">Ahmet Fikri Tüzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu">Şükrü Saracoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Peker" title="Recep Peker">Recep Peker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Saka" title="Hasan Saka">Hasan Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eemsettin_G%C3%BCnaltay" title="Şemsettin Günaltay">Şemsettin Günaltay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel" title="Cemal Gürsel">Cemal Gürsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahri_%C3%96zdilek" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahri Özdilek">Fahri Özdilek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suat_Hayri_%C3%9Crg%C3%BCpl%C3%BC" title="Suat Hayri Ürgüplü">Suat Hayri Ürgüplü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erim" title="Nihat Erim">Nihat Erim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferit_Melen" title="Ferit Melen">Ferit Melen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Talu" title="Naim Talu">Naim Talu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadi_Irmak" title="Sadi Irmak">Sadi Irmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ulusu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bülent Ulusu">Bülent Ulusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Bozer" title="Ali Bozer">Ali Bozer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics denote acting prime ministers.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template talk:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of state of republics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/15px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/30px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="João Lourenço">João Lourenço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/15px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/30px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Talon" title="Patrice Talon">Patrice Talon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana"><img alt="Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/15px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Traor%C3%A9" title="Ibrahim Traoré">Ibrahim Traoré</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/15px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye" title="Évariste Ndayishimiye">Évariste Ndayishimiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">José Maria Neves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic"><img alt="Central African Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touad%C3%A9ra" title="Faustin-Archange Touadéra">Faustin-Archange Touadéra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros"><img alt="Comoros" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/15px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/15px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea"><img alt="Equatorial Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea"><img alt="Eritrea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brice_Clotaire_Oligui_Nguema" class="mw-redirect" title="Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia"><img alt="The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/15px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/30px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Adama Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nana_Akufo-Addo" title="Nana Akufo-Addo">Nana Akufo-Addo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya" title="Mamady Doumbouya">Mamady Doumbouya</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/15px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/30px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia"><img alt="Liberia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boakai" title="Joseph Boakai">Joseph Boakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/15px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andry_Rajoelina" title="Andry Rajoelina">Andry Rajoelina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi"><img alt="Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prithvirajsing_Roopun" title="Prithvirajsing Roopun">Prithvirajsing Roopun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Nangolo Mbumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/15px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/30px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/15px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brahim_Ghali" title="Brahim Ghali">Brahim Ghali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/15px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/30px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova" title="Carlos Vila Nova">Carlos Vila Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye" title="Bassirou Diomaye Faye">Bassirou Diomaye Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles"><img alt="Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/15px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/30px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Wavel Ramkalawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Julius Maada Bio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland"><img alt="Somaliland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muse_Bihi_Abdi" title="Muse Bihi Abdi">Muse Bihi Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan"><img alt="South Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia"><img alt="Zambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hakainde Hichilema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe"><img alt="Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/15px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia"><img alt="Abkhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Bzhania" title="Aslan Bzhania">Aslan Bzhania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan" title="Vahagn Khachaturyan">Vahagn Khachaturyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor"><img alt="East Timor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/15px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/30px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Rashid" title="Abdul Latif Rashid">Abdul Latif Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/15px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/23px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/15px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/30px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith" title="Thongloun Sisoulith">Thongloun Sisoulith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/15px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/30px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Mohamed Muizzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Kh%C3%BCrels%C3%BCkh" title="Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh">Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/15px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/30px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gagloev" title="Alan Gagloev">Alan Gagloev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/15px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Be%C4%87irovi%C4%87" title="Denis Bećirović">Denis Bećirović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljka_Cvijanovi%C4%87" title="Željka Cvijanović">Željka Cvijanović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Kom%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Željko Komšić">Željko Komšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Katerina Sakellaropoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Tamás Sulyok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" title="Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Edgars Rinkēvičs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova" title="Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova">Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus"><img alt="Northern Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ersin_Tatar" title="Ersin Tatar">Ersin Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Civerchia" title="Francesca Civerchia">Francesca Civerchia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalibor_Riccardi" title="Dalibor Riccardi">Dalibor Riccardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Nataša Pirc Musar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria"><img alt="Transnistria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/15px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/30px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Mason" title="Sandra Mason">Sandra Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/15px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/30px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/15px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/30px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton" title="Sylvanie Burton">Sylvanie Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/15px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/30px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/15px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Presidential_Council" title="Transitional Presidential Council">Transitional Presidential Council</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/15px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/30px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/15px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/30px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/15px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/30px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo" title="Christine Kangaloo">Christine Kangaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Daniel Noboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/15px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/30px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Santiago Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/15px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/15px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/30px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Luis Lacalle Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/15px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/30px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/15px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/30px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati"><img alt="Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands"><img alt="Marshall Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Heine" title="Hilda Heine">Hilda Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia"><img alt="Federated States of Micronesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Simina" title="Wesley Simina">Wesley Simina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau"><img alt="Palau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr." title="Surangel Whipps Jr.">Surangel Whipps Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/15px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/30px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tuimaleali%CA%BBifano_Va%CA%BBaleto%CA%BBa_Sualauvi_II" title="Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II">Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu" title="Nikenike Vurobaravu">Nikenike Vurobaravu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_NATO" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_NATO_leaders" title="Template:Current NATO leaders"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_NATO_leaders" title="Template talk:Current NATO leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_NATO_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current NATO leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_NATO" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">Leaders of NATO</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO"><img alt="NATO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Rutte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(born_1970)" title="Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)">Bjarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Spajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Mickoski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Støre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Iohannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_G20_leaders" title="Template:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G20_leaders" title="Template talk:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_G20_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">Leaders of the G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Ghazouani</a> / <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Faki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ECO_leaders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_ECO_Leaders" title="Template:Current ECO Leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_ECO_Leaders" title="Template talk:Current ECO Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_ECO_Leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current ECO Leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ECO_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">ECO</a> leaders</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Larbaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Apollinaire_J._Ky%C3%A9lem_de_Tamb%C3%A8la" title="Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla">Tambèla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gervais_Ndirakobuca" title="Gervais Ndirakobuca">Ndirakobuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ngute" title="Joseph Ngute">Ngute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Correia e Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic"><img alt="Central African Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Moloua" title="Félix Moloua">Moloua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Allamaye_Halina" title="Allamaye Halina">Halina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Suminwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso" title="Anatole Collinet Makosso">Makosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed" title="Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed">Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly" title="Mostafa Madbouly">Madbouly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea"><img alt="Equatorial Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Osa_Nsue_Nsua" title="Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua">Osa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini"><img alt="Eswatini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Dlamini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ndong_Sima" title="Raymond Ndong Sima">Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bah_Oury" title="Bah Oury">Oury</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Duarte de Barros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Beugr%C3%A9_Mamb%C3%A9" title="Robert Beugré Mambé">Beugre Mambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Dbeibeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho"><img alt="Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Matekane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ntsay" title="Christian Ntsay">Ntsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Choguel_Kokalla_Ma%C3%AFga" title="Choguel Kokalla Maïga">Maïga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Djay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Jugnauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Akhannouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adriano_Maleiane" title="Adriano Maleiane">Maleiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saara_Kuugongelwa" title="Saara Kuugongelwa">Kuugongelwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Zeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ngirente" title="Édouard Ngirente">Ngirente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun" title="Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun">Bayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Trovoada" title="Patrice Trovoada">Trovoada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Sonko" title="Ousmane Sonko">Sonko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Moinina_Sengeh" title="David Moinina Sengeh">Sengeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Osman_Hussein_(politician)" title="Osman Hussein (politician)">Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Majaliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victoire_Tomegah_Dogb%C3%A9" title="Victoire Tomegah Dogbé">Dogbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Madouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robinah_Nabbanja" title="Robinah Nabbanja">Nabbanja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia"><img alt="Abkhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ankvab" title="Alexander Ankvab">Ankvab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay" title="Tshering Tobgay">Tobgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadee_Billah" title="Al-Muhtadee Billah">Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor"><img alt="East Timor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão">Gusmão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Pezeshkian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Sudani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Hassan" title="Jafar Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov" title="Oljas Bektenov">Bektenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Akylbek_Japarov" title="Akylbek Japarov">Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Siphandone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Mikati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luvsannamsrain_Oyun-Erdene" title="Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene">Oyun-Erdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a> <a href="/wiki/K._P._Sharma_Oli" title="K. P. Sharma Oli">Oli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Tok_Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Tok Hun">Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mustafa (economist)">Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Thani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Dzhussoev" title="Konstantin Dzhussoev">Dzhussoev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Harini_Amarasuriya" title="Harini Amarasuriya">Amarasuriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazi_al-Jalali" title="Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali">Al-Jalali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kokhir_Rasulzoda" title="Kokhir Rasulzoda">Rasulzoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Al Maktoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov" title="Abdulla Aripov">Aripov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Awad_bin_Mubarak" title="Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak">Mubarak</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora" title="Xavier Espot Zamora">Espot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Pashinyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Nehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Asadov" title="Ali Asadov">Asadov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" title="Roman Golovchenko">Golovchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Borjana_Kri%C5%A1to" title="Borjana Krišto">Krišto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Kobakhidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(born_1970)" title="Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)">Bjarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Albin_Kurti" title="Albin Kurti">Kurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img alt="Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Risch" title="Daniel Risch">Risch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ingrida_%C5%A0imonyt%C4%97" title="Ingrida Šimonytė">Šimonytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dorin_Recean" title="Dorin Recean">Recean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco"><img alt="Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Didier_Guillaume" title="Didier Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Spajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Mickoski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Støre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Vučević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Rossi" title="Viktor Rossi">Rossi</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City"><img alt="Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Vérgez Alzaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba"><img alt="Aruba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Wever-Croes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla"><img alt="Anguilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Webster" title="Ellis Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda"><img alt="Bermuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_David_Burt" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward David Burt">Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Briceño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands"><img alt="British Virgin Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Natalio_Wheatley" title="Natalio Wheatley">Wheatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands"><img alt="Cayman Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly" title="Julianna O'Connor-Connolly">O'Connor-Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz" title="Manuel Marrero Cruz">Marrero Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao"><img alt="Curaçao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gilmar_Pisas" title="Gilmar Pisas">Pisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland"><img alt="Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Garry_Conille" title="Garry Conille">Conille</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Holness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat"><img alt="Montserrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Meade" title="Reuben Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Arce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Noboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adrianz%C3%A9n" title="Gustavo Adrianzén">Adrianzén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Santokhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Lacalle Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands"><img alt="Cook Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands)" title="Mark Brown (Cook Islands)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue"><img alt="Niue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi" title="Dalton Tagelagi">Tagelagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Mataʻafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Siaosi_Sovaleni" title="Siaosi Sovaleni">Sovaleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Teo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charlot_Salwai" title="Charlot Salwai">Salwai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Erdoğan_Cabinet_(2003–2007)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_I" title="Template:Cabinet Erdoğan I"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_I" title="Template talk:Cabinet Erdoğan I"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet Erdoğan I"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Erdoğan_Cabinet_(2003–2007)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan I">First Erdoğan Cabinet</a> (2003–2007)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (2003–2014)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="18" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_(until_2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="2426" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister (Turkey)">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_%C5%9Eahin" title="Mehmet Ali Şahin">Mehmet Ali Şahin</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BCllatif_%C5%9Eener" title="Abdüllatif Şener">Abdüllatif Şener</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCldal_Ak%C5%9Fit" title="Güldal Akşit">Güldal Akşit</a> (2003-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimet_%C3%87ubuk%C3%A7u" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimet Çubukçu">Nimet Çubukçu</a> (2005–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Mehmet Aydın">Mehmet Aydın</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCr%C5%9Fad_T%C3%BCzmen" title="Kürşad Tüzmen">Kürşad Tüzmen</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fir_Atalay" title="Beşir Atalay">Beşir Atalay</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Justice (Turkey)">Minister of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cemil_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek" title="Cemil Çiçek">Cemil Çiçek</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahri_Kas%C4%B1rga" title="Fahri Kasırga">Fahri Kasırga</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)">Minister of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Vecdi Gönül">Mehmet Vecdi Gönül</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)">Minister of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aksu" title="Abdülkadir Aksu">Abdülkadir Aksu</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Osman Güneş">Osman Güneş</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance (Turkey)">Minister of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Unak%C4%B1tan" title="Kemal Unakıtan">Kemal Unakıtan</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Education (Turkey)">Minister of National Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%87elik" title="Hüseyin Çelik">Hüseyin Çelik</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Works_and_Settlement_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (Turkey)">Minister of Public Works and Settlement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Ergezen" title="Zeki Ergezen">Zeki Ergezen</a> (2003-2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Naf%C4%B1z_%C3%96zak" title="Faruk Nafız Özak">Faruk Nafız Özak</a> (2005–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Health (Turkey)">Minister of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Akda%C4%9F" title="Recep Akdağ">Recep Akdağ</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Communication_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport and Communication (Turkey)">Minister of Transport and Communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="İsmet Yılmaz">İsmet Yılmaz</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Village_Affairs_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs (Turkey)">Minister of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sami_G%C3%BC%C3%A7l%C3%BC" title="Sami Güçlü">Sami Güçlü</a> (2003–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker" title="Mehmet Mehdi Eker">Mehmet Mehdi Eker</a> (2005–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)">Minister of Labour and Social Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Ba%C5%9Fesgio%C4%9Flu" title="Murat Başesgioğlu">Murat Başesgioğlu</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Commerce_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Turkey)">Minister of Industry and Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Co%C5%9Fkun" title="Ali Coşkun">Ali Coşkun</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)">Minister of Energy and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Hilmi_G%C3%BCler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Hilmi Güler">Mehmet Hilmi Güler</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)">Minister of Culture and Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erkan_Mumcu" title="Erkan Mumcu">Erkan Mumcu</a> (2003–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atilla_Ko%C3%A7" title="Atilla Koç">Atilla Koç</a> (2005–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Turkey)">Minister of Environment and Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Pepe" title="Osman Pepe">Osman Pepe</a> (2003–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Erdoğan_Cabinet_(2007–2011)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_II" title="Template:Cabinet Erdoğan II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_II" title="Template talk:Cabinet Erdoğan II"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet Erdoğan II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Erdoğan_Cabinet_(2007–2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan II">Second Erdoğan Cabinet</a> (2007–2011)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (2003–2014)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="18" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_(until_2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="2426" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister (Turkey)">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cemil_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek" title="Cemil Çiçek">Cemil Çiçek</a> (2007–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayati_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Hayati Yazıcı">Hayati Yazıcı</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ar%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Bülent Arınç">Bülent Arınç</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naz%C4%B1m_Ekren" title="Nazım Ekren">Nazım Ekren</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Mehmet Aydın">Mehmet Aydın</a> (2007–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCr%C5%9Fad_T%C3%BCzmen" title="Kürşad Tüzmen">Kürşad Tüzmen</a> (2007-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan">Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimet_%C3%87ubuk%C3%A7u" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimet Çubukçu">Nimet Çubukçu</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Aliye_Kavaf" title="Selma Aliye Kavaf">Selma Aliye Kavaf</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cevdet Yılmaz">Cevdet Yılmaz</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sait_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu" title="Mustafa Sait Yazıcıoğlu">Mustafa Sait Yazıcıoğlu</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_%C3%87elik" title="Faruk Çelik">Faruk Çelik</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Ba%C5%9Fesgio%C4%9Flu" title="Murat Başesgioğlu">Murat Başesgioğlu</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Naf%C4%B1z_%C3%96zak" title="Faruk Nafız Özak">Faruk Nafız Özak</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egemen_Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Egemen Bağış">Egemen Bağış</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayati_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Hayati Yazıcı">Hayati Yazıcı</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Justice (Turkey)">Minister of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_%C5%9Eahin" title="Mehmet Ali Şahin">Mehmet Ali Şahin</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin" title="Sadullah Ergin">Sadullah Ergin</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)">Minister of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Vecdi Gönül">Mehmet Vecdi Gönül</a> (2007–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)">Minister of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fir_Atalay" title="Beşir Atalay">Beşir Atalay</a> (2007–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> (since 2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance (Turkey)">Minister of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Unak%C4%B1tan" title="Kemal Unakıtan">Kemal Unakıtan</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Mehmet Şimşek">Mehmet Şimşek</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Education (Turkey)">Minister of National Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%87elik" title="Hüseyin Çelik">Hüseyin Çelik</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimet_%C3%87ubuk%C3%A7u" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimet Çubukçu">Nimet Çubukçu</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Works_and_Settlement_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (Turkey)">Minister of Public Works and Settlement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Naf%C4%B1z_%C3%96zak" title="Faruk Nafız Özak">Faruk Nafız Özak</a> (2007-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Demir" title="Mustafa Demir">Mustafa Demir</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Health (Turkey)">Minister of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Akda%C4%9F" title="Recep Akdağ">Recep Akdağ</a> (2007–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Communication_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport and Communication (Turkey)">Minister of Transport and Communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a> (2007–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Village_Affairs_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs (Turkey)">Minister of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker" title="Mehmet Mehdi Eker">Mehmet Mehdi Eker</a> (2007–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)">Minister of Labour and Social Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_%C3%87elik" title="Faruk Çelik">Faruk Çelik</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Din%C3%A7er" title="Ömer Dinçer">Ömer Dinçer</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Commerce_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Turkey)">Minister of Industry and Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan">Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erg%C3%BCn" title="Nihat Ergün">Nihat Ergün</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)">Minister of Energy and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Hilmi_G%C3%BCler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Hilmi Güler">Mehmet Hilmi Güler</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taner_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Taner Yıldız">Taner Yıldız</a> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)">Minister of Culture and Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_G%C3%BCnay" title="Ertuğrul Günay">Ertuğrul Günay</a> (2007–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Turkey)">Minister of Environment and Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veysel_Ero%C4%9Flu" title="Veysel Eroğlu">Veysel Eroğlu</a> (2007–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Third_Erdoğan_Cabinet_(2011–2014)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_III" title="Template:Cabinet Erdoğan III"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_III" title="Template talk:Cabinet Erdoğan III"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_III" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet Erdoğan III"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Third_Erdoğan_Cabinet_(2011–2014)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan III">Third Erdoğan Cabinet</a> (2011–2014)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (2003–2014)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="23" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_(until_2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey_%28until_2015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="2426" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister (Turkey)">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ar%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Bülent Arınç">Bülent Arınç</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fir_Atalay" title="Beşir Atalay">Beşir Atalay</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekir_Bozda%C4%9F" title="Bekir Bozdağ">Bekir Bozdağ</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emrullah_%C4%B0%C5%9Fler" title="Emrullah İşler">Emrullah İşler</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)">Minister of Culture and Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_G%C3%BCnay" title="Ertuğrul Günay">Ertuğrul Günay</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_%C3%87elik" title="Ömer Çelik">Ömer Çelik</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Customs_and_Trade_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Customs and Trade (Turkey)">Minister of Customs and Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayati_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Hayati Yazıcı">Hayati Yazıcı</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Development (Turkey)">Minister of Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cevdet Yılmaz">Cevdet Yılmaz</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Economy (Turkey)">Minister of Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zafer_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayan" title="Zafer Çağlayan">Zafer Çağlayan</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Zeybek%C3%A7i" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihat Zeybekçi">Nihat Zeybekçi</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)">Minister of Energy and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taner_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Taner Yıldız">Taner Yıldız</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Urban_Planning_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Turkey)">Minister of Environment and Urban Planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan_Bayraktar" title="Erdoğan Bayraktar">Erdoğan Bayraktar</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_G%C3%BCll%C3%BCce" title="İdris Güllüce">İdris Güllüce</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_European_Union_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of European Union Affairs (Turkey)">Minister of European Union Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egemen_Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Egemen Bağış">Egemen Bağış</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Family_and_Social_Policy_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Family and Social Policy (Turkey)">Minister of Family and Social Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_%C5%9Eahin" title="Fatma Şahin">Fatma Şahin</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fenur_%C4%B0slam" title="Ayşenur İslam">Ayşenur İslam</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance (Turkey)">Minister of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Mehmet Şimşek">Mehmet Şimşek</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food,_Agriculture_and_Livestock_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (Turkey)">Minister of Food, Agriculture and Livestock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker" title="Mehmet Mehdi Eker">Mehmet Mehdi Eker</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Forest_and_Water_Management_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Forest and Water Management (Turkey)">Minister of Forest and Water Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veysel_Ero%C4%9Flu" title="Veysel Eroğlu">Veysel Eroğlu</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Health (Turkey)">Minister of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Akda%C4%9F" title="Recep Akdağ">Recep Akdağ</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_M%C3%BCezzino%C4%9Flu" title="Mehmet Müezzinoğlu">Mehmet Müezzinoğlu</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Turkey)">Minister of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_Naim_%C5%9Eahin" title="İdris Naim Şahin">İdris Naim Şahin</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammer_G%C3%BCler" title="Muammer Güler">Muammer Güler</a> (2013–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efkan_Ala" title="Efkan Ala">Efkan Ala</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Justice (Turkey)">Minister of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin" title="Sadullah Ergin">Sadullah Ergin</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekir_Bozda%C4%9F" title="Bekir Bozdağ">Bekir Bozdağ</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)">Minister of Labour and Social Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_%C3%87elik" title="Faruk Çelik">Faruk Çelik</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)">Minister of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="İsmet Yılmaz">İsmet Yılmaz</a> (2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Education (Turkey)">Minister of National Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Din%C3%A7er" title="Ömer Dinçer">Ömer Dinçer</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Avc%C4%B1" title="Nabi Avcı">Nabi Avcı</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science,_Industry_and_Technology_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology (Turkey)">Minister of Science, Industry and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erg%C3%BCn" title="Nihat Ergün">Nihat Ergün</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fikri_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Fikri Işık">Fikri Işık</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport (Turkey)">Minister of Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Elvan" title="Lütfi Elvan">Lütfi Elvan</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey)">Minister of Youth and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suat_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Suat Kılıç">Suat Kılıç</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akif_%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Akif Çağatay Kılıç">Akif Çağatay Kılıç</a> (2013–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fourth_Erdoğan_Cabinet_(2018–2023)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_IV" title="Template:Cabinet Erdoğan IV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="19" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Turkey" title="Vice President of Turkey">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuat_Oktay" title="Fuat Oktay">Fuat Oktay</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Forestry_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Turkey)">Minister of Agriculture and Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekir_Pakdemirli" title="Bekir Pakdemirli">Bekir Pakdemirli</a> (2018–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahit_Kiri%C5%9Fci" title="Vahit Kirişci">Vahit Kirişci</a> (2022–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)">Minister of Culture and Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ersoy" title="Mehmet Ersoy">Mehmet Ersoy</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)">Minister of Energy and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatih_D%C3%B6nmez" title="Fatih Dönmez">Fatih Dönmez</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Urbanisation_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change">Minister of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Kurum" title="Murat Kurum">Murat Kurum</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Family_and_Social_Services_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Family and Social Services (Turkey)">Minister of Family and Social Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zehra_Z%C3%BCmr%C3%BCt_Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk">Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derya_Yan%C4%B1k" title="Derya Yanık">Derya Yanık</a> (2021–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Health (Turkey)">Minister of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Industry and Technology">Minister of Industry and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Varank" title="Mustafa Varank">Mustafa Varank</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Turkey)">Minister of Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Soylu" title="Süleyman Soylu">Süleyman Soylu</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Justice (Turkey)">Minister of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdulhamit_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdulhamit Gül">Abdulhamit Gül</a> (2018–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekir_Bozda%C4%9F" title="Bekir Bozdağ">Bekir Bozdağ</a> (2022–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Education (Turkey)">Minister of National Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziya_Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Ziya Selçuk">Ziya Selçuk</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmut_%C3%96zer" title="Mahmut Özer">Mahmut Özer</a> (2021–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Defence (Turkey)">Minister of National Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hulusi_Akar" title="Hulusi Akar">Hulusi Akar</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)">Minister of Labour and Social Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zehra_Z%C3%BCmr%C3%BCt_Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk">Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedat_Bilgin" title="Vedat Bilgin">Vedat Bilgin</a> (2021–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Trade (Turkey)">Minister of Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruhsar_Pekcan" title="Ruhsar Pekcan">Ruhsar Pekcan</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Mu%C5%9F" title="Mehmet Muş">Mehmet Muş</a> (2021–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Infrastructure_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkey)">Minister of Transport and Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Cahit_Turhan" title="Mehmet Cahit Turhan">Mehmet Cahit Turhan</a> (2018–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adil_Karaismailo%C4%9Flu" title="Adil Karaismailoğlu">Adil Karaismailoğlu</a> (2020–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Treasury_and_Finance" title="Ministry of Treasury and Finance">Minister of Treasury and Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berat_Albayrak" title="Berat Albayrak">Berat Albayrak</a> (2018–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Elvan" title="Lütfi Elvan">Lütfi Elvan</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_Nebati" title="Nureddin Nebati">Nureddin Nebati</a> (2021–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey)">Minister of Youth and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Kasapo%C4%9Flu" title="Mehmet Kasapoğlu">Mehmet Kasapoğlu</a> (2018–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet Erdoğan V"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fifth_Erdoğan_Cabinet_(2023–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/67th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="67th cabinet of Turkey">Fifth Erdoğan Cabinet</a> (2023–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="19" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Turkey" title="Vice President of Turkey">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cevdet Yılmaz">Cevdet Yılmaz</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Forestry_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Turkey)">Minister of Agriculture and Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Yumakl%C4%B1" title="İbrahim Yumaklı">İbrahim Yumaklı</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)">Minister of Culture and Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ersoy" title="Mehmet Ersoy">Mehmet Ersoy</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)">Minister of Energy and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alparslan_Bayraktar" title="Alparslan Bayraktar">Alparslan Bayraktar</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Urbanisation_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change">Minister of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C3%96zhaseki" title="Mehmet Özhaseki">Mehmet Özhaseki</a> (2023–2024) <a href="/wiki/Murat_Kurum" title="Murat Kurum">Murat Kurum</a> (2024–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Family_and_Social_Services_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Family and Social Services (Turkey)">Minister of Family and Social Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahinur_%C3%96zdemir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahinur Özdemir">Mahinur Özdemir</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hakan_Fidan" title="Hakan Fidan">Hakan Fidan</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Health (Turkey)">Minister of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (2023–2024) <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Memi%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Memişoğlu">Kemal Memişoğlu</a> (2024–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Industry and Technology">Minister of Industry and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Fatih_Kac%C4%B1r" title="Mehmet Fatih Kacır">Mehmet Fatih Kacır</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)">Minister of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Yerlikaya" title="Ali Yerlikaya">Ali Yerlikaya</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Justice (Turkey)">Minister of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_Tun%C3%A7" title="Yılmaz Tunç">Yılmaz Tunç</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Education (Turkey)">Minister of National Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Tekin" title="Yusuf Tekin">Yusuf Tekin</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Defence (Turkey)">Minister of National Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_G%C3%BCler" title="Yaşar Güler">Yaşar Güler</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)">Minister of Labour and Social Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vedat_I%C5%9F%C4%B1khan" title="Vedat Işıkhan">Vedat Işıkhan</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Trade (Turkey)">Minister of Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Bolat" title="Ömer Bolat">Ömer Bolat</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Infrastructure_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkey)">Minister of Transport and Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abdulkadir_Uralo%C4%9Flu" title="Abdulkadir Uraloğlu">Abdulkadir Uraloğlu</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Treasury_and_Finance" title="Ministry of Treasury and Finance">Minister of Treasury and Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Mehmet Şimşek">Mehmet Şimşek</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey)">Minister of Youth and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Osman_A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n_Bak" title="Osman Aşkın Bak">Osman Aşkın Bak</a> (2023–present)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey_(2002–2007)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_22nd_Turkish_Parliament" title="Template:Members of the 22nd Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_22nd_Turkish_Parliament" title="Template talk:Members of the 22nd Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_22nd_Turkish_Parliament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the 22nd Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey_(2002–2007)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="22nd Parliament of Turkey">Members of the 22nd Parliament of Turkey (2002–2007)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> 18 November 2002 – 22 July 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> (AK Party – 331)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_R%C4%B1za_Acar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Rıza Acar (page does not exist)">Acar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sait_A%C3%A7ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sait Açba (page does not exist)">Açba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Mustafa_A%C3%A7%C4%B1kal%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Mustafa Açıkalın (page does not exist)">Açıkalın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhi_A%C3%A7%C4%B1kg%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhi Açıkgöz (page does not exist)">Açıkgöz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_Akbak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tevfik Akbak (page does not exist)">Akbak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Nuri_Akbulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Nuri Akbulut (page does not exist)">Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_Ziyaeddin_Akbulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tevfik Ziyaeddin Akbulut (page does not exist)">Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zekeriya_Ak%C3%A7am&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zekeriya Akçam (page does not exist)">Akçam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Akda%C4%9F" title="Recep Akdağ">Akdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziz_Akg%C3%BCl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziz Akgül (page does not exist)">Akgül</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mevl%C3%BCt_Akg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mevlüt Akgün (page does not exist)">Akgün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Akman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Akman (page does not exist)">Akman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahya_Akman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahya Akman (page does not exist)">Akman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCldal_Ak%C5%9Fit" title="Güldal Akşit">Akşit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahim_Aksoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahim Aksoy (page does not exist)">Aksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soner_Aksoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soner Aksoy (page does not exist)">Aksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aksu" title="Abdülkadir Aksu">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nurettin_Akta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nurettin Aktaş (page does not exist)">Aktaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_R%C4%B1za_Alaboyun" title="Ali Rıza Alaboyun">Alaboyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lhan_Albayrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlhan Albayrak (page does not exist)">Albayrak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Alp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Alp (page does not exist)">Alp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulmecit_Alp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulmecit Alp (page does not exist)">Alp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Alptekin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Alptekin (page does not exist)">Alptekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayyar_Alt%C4%B1kula%C3%A7" title="Tayyar Altıkulaç">Altıkulaç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenan_Altun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenan Altun (page does not exist)">Altun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faruk_Anbarc%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faruk Anbarcıoğlu (page does not exist)">Anbarcıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Ang%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Angı (page does not exist)">Angı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahman_An%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahman Anık (page does not exist)">Anık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih_Ar%C4%B1kan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih Arıkan (page does not exist)">Arıkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ar%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Bülent Arınç">Arınç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._%C4%B0hsan_Arslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. İhsan Arslan (page does not exist)">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikail_Arslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikail Arslan (page does not exist)">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_Ejder_Arvas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maliki Ejder Arvas (page does not exist)">Arvas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naci_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naci Aslan (page does not exist)">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Aslan (page does not exist)">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeyid_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeyid Aslan (page does not exist)">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fir_Atalay" title="Beşir Atalay">Atalay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Ata%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Ataş (page does not exist)">Ataş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azmi_Ate%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azmi Ateş (page does not exist)">Ateş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Ayalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şükrü Ayalan (page does not exist)">Ayalan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ey%C3%BCp_Ayar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyüp Ayar (page does not exist)">Ayar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Ayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Aydın (page does not exist)">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Mehmet Aydın">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Ayd%C4%B1nl%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Aydınlıoğlu (page does not exist)">Aydınlıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_Aydo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Aydoğan (page does not exist)">Aydoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%C4%B1m_Aykan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asım Aykan (page does not exist)">Aykan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokman_Ayva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokman Ayva (page does not exist)">Ayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Babacan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fikret_Badazl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fikret Badazlı (page does not exist)">Badazlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egemen_Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Egemen Bağış">Bağış</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Ba%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Baş (page does not exist)">Baş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimet_Ba%C5%9F" title="Nimet Baş">Baş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Ba%C5%9F" title="Yahya Baş">Baş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Ba%C5%9Fesgio%C4%9Flu" title="Murat Başesgioğlu">Başesgioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Osman_Ba%C5%9Fkurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Osman Başkurt (page does not exist)">Başkurt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atilla_Ba%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atilla Başoğlu (page does not exist)">Başoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_Ba%C5%9Ftop%C3%A7u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Baştopçu (page does not exist)">Baştopçu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adem_Ba%C5%9Ft%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adem Baştürk (page does not exist)">Baştürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fetani_Battal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fetani Battal (page does not exist)">Battal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Faruk_Bayrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Faruk Bayrak (page does not exist)">Bayrak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusret_Bayraktar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nusret Bayraktar (page does not exist)">Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saffet_Benli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saffet Benli (page does not exist)">Benli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feyzi_Berdibek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feyzi Berdibek (page does not exist)">Berdibek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Besli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Besli (page does not exist)">Besli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_Selahattin_Beyribey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf Selahattin Beyribey (page does not exist)">Beyribey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Bilen" title="İsmail Bilen">Bilen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Emin_Murat_Bilgi%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Emin Murat Bilgiç (page does not exist)">Bilgiç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Bilir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Bilir (page does not exist)">Bilir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haci_Biner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haci Biner (page does not exist)">Biner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eerif_Birin%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şerif Birinç (page does not exist)">Birinç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_Birlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Hakkı Birlik (page does not exist)">Birlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekir_Bozda%C4%9F" title="Bekir Bozdağ">Bozdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necdet_Budak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necdet Budak (page does not exist)">Budak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ali_Bulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ali Bulut (page does not exist)">Bulut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkakka%C5%9Flar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Büyükakkaşlar (page does not exist)">Büyükakkaşlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaattin_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaattin Büyükkaya (page does not exist)">Büyükkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Çağlayan (page does not exist)">Çağlayan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahri_%C3%87ak%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahri Çakır (page does not exist)">Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lyas_%C3%87ak%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlyas Çakır (page does not exist)">Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_%C3%87ak%C4%B1r_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Çakır (politician) (page does not exist)">Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Çakmak (page does not exist)">Çakmak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Çalışkan (page does not exist)">Çalışkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramazan_Can&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramazan Can (page does not exist)">Can</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahit_Can&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahit Can (page does not exist)">Can</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Candan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Candan (page does not exist)">Candan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Canikli" title="Nurettin Canikli">Canikli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Erdem_Cantimur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Erdem Cantimur (page does not exist)">Cantimur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Çavuşoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%BCksel_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yüksel Çavuşoğlu (page does not exist)">Çavuşoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erol_Aslan_Cebeci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erol Aslan Cebeci (page does not exist)">Cebeci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selahattin_Cebeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selahattin Cebeli (page does not exist)">Cebeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_%C3%87elik" title="Ömer Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_%C3%87elik" title="Faruk Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Ali_%C3%87elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Ali Çelik (page does not exist)">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%87elik" title="Hüseyin Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C3%87er%C3%A7i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Çerçi (page does not exist)">Çerçi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remzi_%C3%87etin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remzi Çetin (page does not exist)">Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_U%C4%9Fur_%C3%87etin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Uğur Çetin (page does not exist)">Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Necati_%C3%87etinkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Necati Çetinkaya (page does not exist)">Çetinkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_%C3%87etinkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Çetinkaya (page does not exist)">Çetinkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabahattin_Cevheri" title="Sabahattin Cevheri">Cevheri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ceylan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ceylan (page does not exist)">Ceylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemil_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek" title="Cemil Çiçek">Çiçek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Çiçek (page does not exist)">Çiçek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turhan_%C3%87%C3%B6mez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turhan Çömez (page does not exist)">Çömez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Co%C5%9Fkun" title="Ali Coşkun">Coşkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCksel_Co%C5%9Fkuny%C3%BCrek" title="Yüksel Coşkunyürek">Coşkunyürek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Cumur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Cumur (page does not exist)">Cumur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Erg%C3%BCn_Da%C4%9Fc%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ergün Dağcıoğlu (page does not exist)">Dağcıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCcahit_Dalo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mücahit Daloğlu (page does not exist)">Daloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Dani%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Daniş (page does not exist)">Daniş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemal_Y%C4%B1lmaz_Demir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemal Yılmaz Demir (page does not exist)">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Demir" title="Mustafa Demir">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%BClf%C3%BC_Demirba%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zülfü Demirbağ (page does not exist)">Demirbağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afif_Demirk%C4%B1ran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afif Demirkıran (page does not exist)">Demirkıran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reha_Deneme%C3%A7" title="Reha Denemeç">Denemeç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Beyaz%C4%B1t_Denizolgun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Beyazıt Denizolgun (page does not exist)">Denizolgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eaban_Di%C5%9Fli" title="Şaban Dişli">Dişli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avni_Do%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avni Doğan (page does not exist)">Doğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevzat_Do%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevzat Doğan (page does not exist)">Doğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_D%C3%BClger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Dülger (page does not exist)">Dülger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Ayd%C4%B1n_Dumano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Aydın Dumanoğlu (page does not exist)">Dumanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_D%C3%BCndar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Dündar (page does not exist)">Dündar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Durdu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Durdu (page does not exist)">Durdu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Duru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Duru (page does not exist)">Duru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker" title="Mehmet Mehdi Eker">Eker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naz%C4%B1m_Ekren" title="Nazım Ekren">Ekren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Elita%C5%9F" title="Mustafa Elitaş">Elitaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Elkatm%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Mehmet Elkatmış">Elkatmış</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_Ensari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tevfik Ensari (page does not exist)">Ensari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Er (page does not exist)">Er</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekrem_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekrem Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahit_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahit Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Salih_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Salih Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazl%C4%B1_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazlı Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cevdet_Erd%C3%B6l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cevdet Erdöl (page does not exist)">Erdöl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ner_Ergen%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öner Ergenç (page does not exist)">Ergenç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Ergezen" title="Zeki Ergezen">Ergezen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin" title="Sadullah Ergin">Ergin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erg%C3%BCn" title="Nihat Ergün">Ergün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihat_Eri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihat Eri (page does not exist)">Eri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Ericekli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Ericekli (page does not exist)">Ericekli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_M%C3%BCnir_Erkal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Münir Erkal (page does not exist)">Erkal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCrsoy_Erol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gürsoy Erol (page does not exist)">Erol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Ert%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Ertürk (page does not exist)">Ertürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Eskiyapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Eskiyapan (page does not exist)">Eskiyapan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Eyiceo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Eyiceoğlu (page does not exist)">Eyiceoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ey%C3%BCp_Fatsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyüp Fatsa (page does not exist)">Fatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Nuri_Filiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Nuri Filiz (page does not exist)">Filiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengir_Mir_Mehmet_F%C4%B1rat" title="Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat">Fırat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_Garip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Garip (page does not exist)">Garip</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Gedikli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Gedikli (page does not exist)">Gedikli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_G%C3%B6ksu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Göksu (page does not exist)">Göksu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemalettin_G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemalettin Göktaş (page does not exist)">Göktaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Vecdi Gönül">Gönül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_G%C3%BC%C3%A7l%C3%BC" title="Sami Güçlü">Güçlü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Gül</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahfuz_G%C3%BCler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahfuz Güler (page does not exist)">Güler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Hilmi_G%C3%BCler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Hilmi Güler">Güler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akif_G%C3%BClle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akif Gülle (page does not exist)">Gülle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ner_G%C3%BClye%C5%9Fil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öner Gülyeşil (page does not exist)">Gülyeşil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_G%C3%BClyurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Gülyurt (page does not exist)">Gülyurt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0rfan_G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İrfan Gündüz (page does not exist)">Gündüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Gündüz (page does not exist)">Gündüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_G%C3%BCner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Güner (page does not exist)">Güner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Clk%C3%BC_G%C3%B6kalp_G%C3%BCney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ülkü Gökalp Güney (page does not exist)">Güney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eevket_G%C3%BCrsoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şevket Gürsoy (page does not exist)">Gürsoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaettin_G%C3%BCven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaettin Güven (page does not exist)">Güven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Be%C5%9Fir_Hamidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Beşir Hamidi (page does not exist)">Hamidi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yekta_Haydaro%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yekta Haydaroğlu (page does not exist)">Haydaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zafer_H%C4%B1d%C4%B1ro%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zafer Hıdıroğlu (page does not exist)">Hıdıroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatma_Seniha_N%C3%BCkhet_Hotar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatma Seniha Nükhet Hotar (page does not exist)">Hotar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C4%B0bi%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali İbiş (page does not exist)">İbiş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C4%B0nal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet İnal (page does not exist)">İnal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_%C4%B0nan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer İnan (page does not exist)">İnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halide_%C4%B0ncekara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halide İncekara (page does not exist)">İncekara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haluk_%C4%B0pek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haluk İpek (page does not exist)">İpek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%BClf%C3%BCkar_%C4%B0zol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zülfükar İzol (page does not exist)">İzol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Il%C4%B1cal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Ilıcalı (page does not exist)">Ilıcalı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Işık (page does not exist)">Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talip_Kaban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talip Kaban (page does not exist)">Kaban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hac%C4%B1_%C4%B0brahim_Kabar%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacı İbrahim Kabarık (page does not exist)">Kabarık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cnal_Kac%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ünal Kacır (page does not exist)">Kacır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C4%9Fah_Kafkas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ağah Kafkas (page does not exist)">Kafkas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Kambur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Kambur (page does not exist)">Kambur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Kansu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Kansu (page does not exist)">Kansu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Kaplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Kaplan (page does not exist)">Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cengiz_Kaptano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cengiz Kaptanoğlu (page does not exist)">Kaptanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salih_Kapusuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salih Kapusuz (page does not exist)">Kapusuz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Kara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Kara (page does not exist)">Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeki_Karabay%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeki Karabayır (page does not exist)">Karabayır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%BCneyit_Karab%C4%B1y%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cüneyit Karabıyık (page does not exist)">Karabıyık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tevhit_Karakaya" title="Tevhit Karakaya">Karakaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faz%C4%B1l_Karaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazıl Karaman (page does not exist)">Karaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Altan_Karapa%C5%9Fao%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Altan Karapaşaoğlu (page does not exist)">Karapaşaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telat_Karap%C4%B1nar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telat Karapınar (page does not exist)">Karapınar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seracettin_Karaya%C4%9F%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seracettin Karayağız (page does not exist)">Karayağız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Karsl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Karslı (page does not exist)">Karslı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulkadir_Kart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulkadir Kart (page does not exist)">Kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_Ka%C5%9F%C4%B1ko%C4%9Flu" title="Metin Kaşıkoğlu">Kaşıkoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durdu_Mehmet_Kastal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durdu Mehmet Kastal (page does not exist)">Kastal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Katmerci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Katmerci (page does not exist)">Katmerci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Y%C3%BCksel_Kavu%C5%9Ftu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Yüksel Kavuştu (page does not exist)">Kavuştu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veli_Kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veli Kaya (page does not exist)">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halil_Kaya" title="Halil Kaya">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahri_Keskin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahri Keskin (page does not exist)">Keskin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahit_Kiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahit Kiler (page does not exist)">Kiler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Fehmi_Kinay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Fehmi Kinay (page does not exist)">Kinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahit_Kiri%C5%9Fci" title="Vahit Kirişci">Kirişci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burhan_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burhan Kılıç (page does not exist)">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Kılıç (page does not exist)">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suat_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Suat Kılıç">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Kılıç (page does not exist)">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedat_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lc%C4%B1kl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedat Kızılcıklı (page does not exist)">Kızılcıklı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atilla_Ko%C3%A7" title="Atilla Koç">Koç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Koca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Koca (page does not exist)">Koca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Koca" title="Faruk Koca">Koca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_Koral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Koral (page does not exist)">Koral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_K%C3%B6%C5%9Fdere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Köşdere (page does not exist)">Köşdere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%B1tvan_K%C3%B6yba%C5%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rıtvan Köybaşı (page does not exist)">Köybaşı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakk%C4%B1_K%C3%B6yl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkı Köylü (page does not exist)">Köylü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCkayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Küçükaydın (page does not exist)">Küçükaydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_As%C4%B1m_Kulak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Asım Kulak (page does not exist)">Kulak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Kulaks%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer Kulaksız (page does not exist)">Kulaksız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_K%C3%BClc%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Külcü (page does not exist)">Külcü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Kurt_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Kurt (politician) (page does not exist)">Kurt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fehmi_H%C3%BCsrev_Kutlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fehmi Hüsrev Kutlu (page does not exist)">Kutlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Kuzu" title="Burhan Kuzu">Kuzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanefi_Mah%C3%A7i%C3%A7ek" title="Hanefi Mahçiçek">Mahçiçek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Atilla_Mara%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Atilla Maraş (page does not exist)">Maraş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Murat_Mercan" title="Hasan Murat Mercan">Mercan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C4%B0hsan_Merdano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali İhsan Merdanoğlu (page does not exist)">Merdanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eemsettin_Murat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şemsettin Murat (page does not exist)">Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Nezir_Nas%C4%B1ro%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Nezir Nasıroğlu (page does not exist)">Nasıroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Öğüten (page does not exist)">Öğüten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zkan_%C3%96ks%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Özkan Öksüz (page does not exist)">Öksüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuat_%C3%96lmeztoprak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuat Ölmeztoprak (page does not exist)">Ölmeztoprak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_%C3%96nder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şükrü Önder (page does not exist)">Önder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Ordu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüsnü Ordu (page does not exist)">Ordu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eevket_Orhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şevket Orhan (page does not exist)">Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiha_%C3%96y%C3%BC%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiha Öyüş (page does not exist)">Öyüş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Naf%C4%B1z_%C3%96zak" title="Faruk Nafız Özak">Özak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Reyhan_%C3%96zal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Reyhan Özal (page does not exist)">Özal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Zekai_%C3%96zcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Zekai Özcan (page does not exist)">Özcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niyazi_%C3%96zcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niyazi Özcan (page does not exist)">Özcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayram_%C3%96z%C3%A7elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayram Özçelik (page does not exist)">Özçelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hikmet_%C3%96zdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hikmet Özdemir (page does not exist)">Özdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0nci_%C3%96zdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İnci Özdemir (page does not exist)">Özdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdo%C4%9Fan_%C3%96zegen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdoğan Özegen (page does not exist)">Özegen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_%C3%96zel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Özel (page does not exist)">Özel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_%C3%96zg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Özgün (page does not exist)">Özgün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinan_%C3%96zkan" title="Sinan Özkan">Özkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerim_%C3%96zkul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerim Özkul (page does not exist)">Özkul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C3%96zlek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Özlek (page does not exist)">Özlek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remziye_%C3%96ztoprak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remziye Öztoprak (page does not exist)">Öztoprak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fehmi_%C3%96ztun%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fehmi Öztunç (page does not exist)">Öztunç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Öztürk">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ya%C5%9Far_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yaşar Öztürk (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_%C3%96zy%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer Özyılmaz (page does not exist)">Özyılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C3%96zyol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Özyol (page does not exist)">Özyol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_%C3%96zyolcu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Özyolcu (page does not exist)">Özyolcu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevzat_Pakdil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevzat Pakdil (page does not exist)">Pakdil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niyazi_Paky%C3%BCrek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niyazi Pakyürek (page does not exist)">Pakyürek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Pepe" title="Osman Pepe">Pepe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrettin_Poyraz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahrettin Poyraz (page does not exist)">Poyraz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Osman_Sali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Osman Sali (page does not exist)">Sali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyy%C3%BCp_Sanay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyyüp Sanay (page does not exist)">Sanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Sar%C4%B1" title="Mehmet Sarı">Sarı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Sar%C4%B1" title="Mehmet Sarı">Sarı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_G%C3%B6khan_Sar%C4%B1%C3%A7am&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Gökhan Sarıçam (page does not exist)">Sarıçam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sekmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sekmen (page does not exist)">Sekmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Veli_Seyda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Veli Seyda (page does not exist)">Seyda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Seyfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Seyfi (page does not exist)">Seyfi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Sezal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Sezal (page does not exist)">Sezal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_S%C4%B1vac%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa Sıvacıoğlu (page does not exist)">Sıvacıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Soydan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Soydan (page does not exist)">Soydan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Soylu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Soylu (page does not exist)">Soylu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memet_Ali_Su%C3%A7in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memet Ali Suçin (page does not exist)">Suçin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mdat_S%C3%BCtl%C3%BCo%C4%9Flu" title="İmdat Sütlüoğlu">Sütlüoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_%C5%9Eahin" title="Fatma Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_Naim_%C5%9Eahin" title="İdris Naim Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_%C5%9Eahin" title="Mehmet Ali Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BCllatif_%C5%9Eener" title="Abdüllatif Şener">Şener</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Tanr%C4%B1verdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Tanrıverdi (page does not exist)">Tanrıverdi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Ta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Taş (page does not exist)">Taş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakan_Ta%C5%9Fc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakan Taşcı (page does not exist)">Taşcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamit_Ta%C5%9Fc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamit Taşcı (page does not exist)">Taşcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adem_Tatl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adem Tatlı (page does not exist)">Tatlı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Say%C4%B1m_Tekelio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sayım Tekelioğlu (page does not exist)">Tekelioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayhan_Zeynep_Tekin_B%C3%B6r%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayhan Zeynep Tekin Börü (page does not exist)">Tekin Börü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Tem%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Temür (page does not exist)">Temür</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Seyfi_Terziba%C5%9F%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Seyfi Terzibaşıoğlu (page does not exist)">Terzibaşıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur_Do%C4%9Fan_Topalo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur Doğan Topaloğlu (page does not exist)">Topaloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramazan_Toprak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramazan Toprak (page does not exist)">Toprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ksal_Toptan" title="Köksal Toptan">Toptan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BClseren_Topuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gülseren Topuz (page does not exist)">Topuz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Torun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Torun (page does not exist)">Torun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavit_Torun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavit Torun (page does not exist)">Torun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resul_Tosun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resul Tosun (page does not exist)">Tosun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Toz%C3%A7%C3%B6ken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Tozçöken (page does not exist)">Tozçöken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harun_T%C3%BCfekci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harun Tüfekci (page does not exist)">Tüfekci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tuna" title="Mustafa Tuna">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alim_Tun%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alim Tunç (page does not exist)">Tunç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hac%C4%B1_Turan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacı Turan (page does not exist)">Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_Turgut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Turgut (page does not exist)">Turgut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polat_T%C3%BCrkmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polat Türkmen (page does not exist)">Türkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulbaki_T%C3%BCrko%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulbaki Türkoğlu (page does not exist)">Türkoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Emin_Tutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Emin Tutan (page does not exist)">Tutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCr%C5%9Fad_T%C3%BCzmen" title="Kürşad Tüzmen">Tüzmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Edip_U%C4%9Fur" title="Ahmet Edip Uğur">Uğur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Unak%C4%B1tan" title="Kemal Unakıtan">Unakıtan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_%C3%9Cnal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şükrü Ünal (page does not exist)">Ünal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_%C3%9Cnald%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Ünaldı (page does not exist)">Ünaldı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Faruk_%C3%9Cnsal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Faruk Ünsal (page does not exist)">Ünsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halil_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn" title="Halil Ürün">Ürün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeynep_Arma%C4%9Fan_Uslu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeynep Armağan Uslu (page does not exist)">Uslu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayhan_Sefer_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayhan Sefer Üstün (page does not exist)">Üstün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Fehmi_Uyan%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Fehmi Uyanık (page does not exist)">Uyanık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemal_Uysal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemal Uysal (page does not exist)">Uysal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Uzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Uzer (page does not exist)">Uzer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selami_Uzun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selami Uzun (page does not exist)">Uzun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_Uzunkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa Uzunkaya (page does not exist)">Uzunkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabri_Varan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabri Varan (page does not exist)">Varan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziyattin_Ya%C4%9Fc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziyattin Yağcı (page does not exist)">Yağcı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Yak%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Yaşar Yakış">Yakış</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sad%C4%B1k_Yakut" title="Sadık Yakut">Yakut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1nbay%C4%B1r" title="Ertuğrul Yalçınbayır">Yalçınbayır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ers%C3%B6nmez_Yarbay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersönmez Yarbay (page does not exist)">Yarbay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Ya%C5%9Far&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Yaşar (page does not exist)">Yaşar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayati_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Hayati Yazıcı">Yazıcı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Said_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Said Yazıcıoğlu">Yazıcıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0rfan_Riza_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İrfan Riza Yazıcıoğlu (page does not exist)">Yazıcıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Yeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Yeni (page does not exist)">Yeni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahman_M%C3%BCfit_Yetkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahman Müfit Yetkin (page does not exist)">Yetkin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murat_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murat Yıldırım (politician) (page does not exist)">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Yıldırım (page does not exist)">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Kerim_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Kerim Yıldız (page does not exist)">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Yıldız (page does not exist)">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taner_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Taner Yıldız">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabahattin_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabahattin Yıldız (page does not exist)">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metin_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metin Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temel_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temel Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medeni_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medeni Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enver_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enver Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Y%C4%B1lmazcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yılmazcan (page does not exist)">Yılmazcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murat_Y%C4%B1lmazer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murat Yılmazer (page does not exist)">Yılmazer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Y%C3%BCksektepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yüksektepe (page does not exist)">Yüksektepe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Zeydan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Zeydan (page does not exist)">Zeydan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_(T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP – 102)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vezir_Akdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vezir Akdemir (page does not exist)">Akdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harun_Ak%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harun Akın (page does not exist)">Akın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zekeriya_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zekeriya Akıncı (page does not exist)">Akıncı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U%C4%9Fur_Aks%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uğur Aksöz (page does not exist)">Aksöz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_Aky%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Akyüz (page does not exist)">Akyüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCldal_Alogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Güldal Alogan (page does not exist)">Alogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engin_Altay" title="Engin Altay">Altay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yavuz_Alt%C4%B1norak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yavuz Altınorak (page does not exist)">Altınorak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%B1v%C4%B1lc%C4%B1m_Kemal_Anadol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kıvılcım Kemal Anadol (page does not exist)">Anadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oya_Arasl%C4%B1" title="Oya Araslı">Araslı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2n%C3%A2n_Aritman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cânân Aritman (page does not exist)">Aritman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ali_Ar%C4%B1kan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ali Arıkan (page does not exist)">Arıkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersin_Ar%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersin Arıoğlu (page does not exist)">Arıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Arslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Arslan (page does not exist)">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%BCcel_Artanta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yücel Artantaş (page does not exist)">Artantaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eevket_Arz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şevket Arz (page does not exist)">Arz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferit_Mevl%C3%BCt_Aslano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferit Mevlüt Aslanoğlu (page does not exist)">Aslanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smet_Atalay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmet Atalay (page does not exist)">Atalay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1lmaz_Ate%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yılmaz Ateş (page does not exist)">Ateş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulkadir_Ate%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulkadir Ateş (page does not exist)">Ateş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Ayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Aydın (page does not exist)">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feridun_Ayvazo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feridun Ayvazoğlu (page does not exist)">Ayvazoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feridun_Fikret_Balo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feridun Fikret Baloğlu (page does not exist)">Baloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Baratal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Baratalı (page does not exist)">Baratalı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Bay%C4%B1nd%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Bayındır (page does not exist)">Bayındır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Baykal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fe_G%C3%BCls%C3%BCn_Bilgehan" title="Ayşe Gülsün Bilgehan">Bilgehan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_R%C4%B1za_Bodur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Rıza Bodur (page does not exist)">Bodur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Bozta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Boztaş (page does not exist)">Boztaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasim_%C3%87ak%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasim Çakır (page does not exist)">Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C4%B0smet_%C3%87anakc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet İsmet Çanakcı (page does not exist)">Çanakcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuat_%C3%87ay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuat Çay (page does not exist)">Çay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahit_%C3%87ekmez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahit Çekmez (page does not exist)">Çekmez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zlem_%C3%87er%C3%A7io%C4%9Flu" title="Özlem Çerçioğlu">Çerçioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zzet_%C3%87etin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İzzet Çetin (page does not exist)">Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuri_%C3%87ilingir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuri Çilingir (page does not exist)">Çilingir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%BCksel_%C3%87orbac%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yüksel Çorbacıoğlu (page does not exist)">Çorbacıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mevl%C3%BCt_Co%C5%9Fkuner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mevlüt Coşkuner (page does not exist)">Coşkuner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Co%C5%9Fkuno%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Coşkunoğlu (page does not exist)">Coşkunoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesut_De%C4%9Fer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesut Değer (page does not exist)">Değer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_De%C4%9Ferli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Değerli (page does not exist)">Değerli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Demirel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Demirel (page does not exist)">Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Kemal_Deveciler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Kemal Deveciler (page does not exist)">Deveciler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Ziya_Diren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Ziya Diren (page does not exist)">Diren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6khan_Durgun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gökhan Durgun (page does not exist)">Durgun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Duyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Duyan (page does not exist)">Duyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Ekmekcio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Ekmekcioğlu (page does not exist)">Ekmekcioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Elekda%C4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Şükrü Elekdağ">Elekdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atila_Emek" title="Atila Emek">Emek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Eraslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Eraslan (page does not exist)">Eraslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevingaye_Erbatur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevingaye Erbatur (page does not exist)">Erbatur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuncay_Ercenk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuncay Ercenk (page does not exist)">Ercenk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Fref_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşref Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCrol_Ergin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gürol Ergin (page does not exist)">Ergin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Ersin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Ersin (page does not exist)">Ersin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrezzak_Erten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrezzak Erten (page does not exist)">Erten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C5%9Eerif_Ertu%C4%9Frul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Şerif Ertuğrul (page does not exist)">Ertuğrul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Gazalc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Gazalcı (page does not exist)">Gazalcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nejat_Gencan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nejat Gencan (page does not exist)">Gencan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_R%C4%B1za_G%C3%BCl%C3%A7i%C3%A7ek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Rıza Gülçiçek (page does not exist)">Gülçiçek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salih_G%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salih Gün (page does not exist)">Gün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Fehmi_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Hasan Fehmi Güneş">Güneş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeynep_Damla_G%C3%BCrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeynep Damla Gürel (page does not exist)">Gürel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_G%C3%BCy%C3%BCldar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Güyüldar (page does not exist)">Güyüldar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algan_Hacalo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algan Hacaloğlu (page does not exist)">Hacaloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Akif_Hamza%C3%A7ebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Akif Hamzaçebi">Hamzaçebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muharrem_%C4%B0nce" title="Muharrem İnce">İnce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Mehmet Işık">Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nail_Kamac%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nail Kamacı (page does not exist)">Kamacı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdo%C4%9Fan_Kaplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdoğan Kaplan (page does not exist)">Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Kaptan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Kaptan (page does not exist)">Kaptan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdal_Karademir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdal Karademir (page does not exist)">Karademir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atilla_Kart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atilla Kart (page does not exist)">Kart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1lmaz_Kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yılmaz Kaya (page does not exist)">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birgen_Kele%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birgen Keleş (page does not exist)">Keleş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yakup_Kepenek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yakup Kepenek (page does not exist)">Kepenek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Siyam_Kesimo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Siyam Kesimoğlu (page does not exist)">Kesimoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Kılıç (page does not exist)">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Haluk_Ko%C3%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmet Haluk Koç">Koç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Ko%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emin Koç (page does not exist)">Koç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Küçük (page does not exist)">Küçük</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCka%C5%9F%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Küçükaşık (page does not exist)">Küçükaşık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Kemal_Kumkumo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Kemal Kumkumoğlu (page does not exist)">Kumkumoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Vedat_Melik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Vedat Melik (page does not exist)">Melik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayramali_Meral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayramali Meral (page does not exist)">Meral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkan_Mi%C3%A7oo%C4%9Fullar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Türkan Miçooğulları (page does not exist)">Miçooğulları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ugur_Ne%C5%9F%C5%9Far&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ugur Neşşar (page does not exist)">Neşşar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensar_%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensar Öğüt (page does not exist)">Öğüt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Oksal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Oksal (page does not exist)">Oksal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enver_%C3%96ktem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enver Öktem (page does not exist)">Öktem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veli_Ha%C5%9Fim_Oral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veli Haşim Oral (page does not exist)">Oral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_%C3%96ren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Ören (page does not exist)">Ören</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C4%9Fuz_Oyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oğuz Oyan (page does not exist)">Oyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onur_Ba%C5%9Faran_%C3%96ymen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onur Başaran Öymen (page does not exist)">Öymen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Mesut_%C3%96zakcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Mesut Özakcan (page does not exist)">Özakcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_%C3%96zay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Özay (page does not exist)">Özay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_%C3%96zbek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Sırrı Özbek (page does not exist)">Özbek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_%C3%96zcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Özcan (page does not exist)">Özcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramazan_Kerim_%C3%96zkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramazan Kerim Özkan (page does not exist)">Özkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ufuk_%C3%96zkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ufuk Özkan (page does not exist)">Özkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ali_%C3%96zpolat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ali Özpolat (page does not exist)">Özpolat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_%C3%96zy%C3%BCrek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Özyürek (page does not exist)">Özyürek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_%C3%96zyurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Özyurt (page does not exist)">Özyurt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Parlakyi%C4%9Fit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Parlakyiğit (page does not exist)">Parlakyiğit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedat_Pekel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedat Pekel (page does not exist)">Pekel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Sa%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Sağ (page does not exist)">Sağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feram%C3%BCz_%C5%9Eahin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feramüz Şahin (page does not exist)">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadir_Sara%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadir Saraç (page does not exist)">Saraç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%B1d%C4%B1ka_Sar%C4%B1bekir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sıdıka Sarıbekir (page does not exist)">Sarıbekir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96nder_Sav" title="Önder Sav">Sav</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Nuri_Saygun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Nuri Saygun (page does not exist)">Saygun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Cevdet_Selvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Cevdet Selvi (page does not exist)">Selvi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Semerci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Semerci (page does not exist)">Semerci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sevigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sevigen (page does not exist)">Sevigen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacidar_Seyhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tacidar Seyhan (page does not exist)">Seyhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berhan_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berhan Şimşek (page does not exist)">Şimşek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sefa_Sirmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sefa Sirmen (page does not exist)">Sirmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_S%C3%B6zen" title="Nurettin Sözen">Sözen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_S%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Sür (page does not exist)">Sür</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihlun_Tamayl%C4%B1gil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihlun Tamaylıgil">Tamaylıgil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0dris_Sami_Tando%C4%9Fdu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İdris Sami Tandoğdu (page does not exist)">Tandoğdu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Hasan_Tanla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Hasan Tanla (page does not exist)">Tanla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_Tiryaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Tiryaki (page does not exist)">Tiryaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erol_T%C4%B1nastepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erol Tınastepe (page does not exist)">Tınastepe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Tomanbay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Tomanbay (page does not exist)">Tomanbay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Toprak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Toprak (page does not exist)">Toprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Topuz" title="Ali Topuz">Topuz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaz%C4%B1m_T%C3%BCrkmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazım Türkmen (page does not exist)">Türkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enis_T%C3%BCt%C3%BCnc%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enis Tütüncü (page does not exist)">Tütüncü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%C5%9Far_T%C3%BCz%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaşar Tüzün (page does not exist)">Tüzün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakk%C4%B1_%C3%9Clk%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkı Ülkü (page does not exist)">Ülkü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fikret_%C3%9Cnl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fikret Ünlü (page does not exist)">Ünlü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_%C3%9Cnl%C3%BCtepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Ünlütepe (page does not exist)">Ünlütepe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrettin_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahrettin Üstün (page does not exist)">Üstün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necati_Uzdil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necati Uzdil (page does not exist)">Uzdil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedat_Uzunbay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedat Uzunbay (page does not exist)">Uzunbay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Cumhur_Yaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Cumhur Yaka (page does not exist)">Yaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulaziz_Yazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulaziz Yazar (page does not exist)">Yazar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ziya_Yerg%C3%B6k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ziya Yergök (page does not exist)">Yergök</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahdet_Sinan_Yerlikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahdet Sinan Yerlikaya (page does not exist)">Yerlikaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Yeten%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Erdoğan Yetenç (page does not exist)">Yetenç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Yıldırım">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Yıldız (page does not exist)">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mustafa Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Y%C4%B1lmazkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Yılmazkaya (page does not exist)">Yılmazkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Vedat_Y%C3%BCcesan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Vedat Yücesan (page does not exist)">Yücesan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eefik_Zengin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şefik Zengin (page does not exist)">Zengin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a> (ANAP – 72)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dursun_Akdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dursun Akdemir (page does not exist)">Akdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mira%C3%A7_Akdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miraç Akdoğan (page does not exist)">Akdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamza_Albayrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamza Albayrak (page does not exist)">Albayrak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%BCheyir_Amber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Züheyir Amber (page does not exist)">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sait_Arma%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sait Armağan (page does not exist)">Armağan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Do%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Doğan (page does not exist)">Doğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Erdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Erdemir (page does not exist)">Erdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_G%C3%BCler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Güler (page does not exist)">Güler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Ko%C3%A7ak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Koçak (page does not exist)">Koçak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhsin_Ko%C3%A7yi%C4%9Fit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhsin Koçyiğit (page does not exist)">Koçyiğit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_Remzi_Kurtulmu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Remzi Kurtulmuşoğlu (page does not exist)">Kurtulmuşoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erkan_Mumcu" title="Erkan Mumcu">Mumcu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%96zcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Özcan (page does not exist)">Özcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_%C3%96zdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Özdoğan (page does not exist)">Özdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_%C3%96zyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Özyer (page does not exist)">Özyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_Sar%C4%B1ba%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Sarıbaş (page does not exist)">Sarıbaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reyhan_Tugay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reyhan Tugay (page does not exist)">Tugay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turan_T%C3%BCys%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turan Tüysüz (page does not exist)">Tüysüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serpil_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serpil Yıldız (page does not exist)">Yıldız</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (I – 15)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakk%C4%B1_Akal%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkı Akalın (page does not exist)">Akalın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_A%C5%9Fkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Hakkı Aşkar (page does not exist)">Aşkar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Aya%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Ayağ (page does not exist)">Ayağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCnmez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Bölünmez (page does not exist)">Bölünmez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersoy_Bulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersoy Bulut (page does not exist)">Bulut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esat_Canan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esat Canan (page does not exist)">Canan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Eraslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Eraslan (page does not exist)">Eraslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edip_Safder_Gaydal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edip Safder Gaydalı (page does not exist)">Gaydalı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuat_Ge%C3%A7en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuat Geçen (page does not exist)">Geçen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memduh_Hac%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memduh Hacıoğlu (page does not exist)">Hacıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Kartal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Kartal (page does not exist)">Kartal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6ksal_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCkali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Göksal Küçükali (page does not exist)">Küçükali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Z%C3%BClf%C3%BC_Livaneli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer Zülfü Livaneli (page does not exist)">Livaneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sayar" title="Mustafa Sayar">Sayar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selami_Yi%C4%9Fit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selami Yiğit (page does not exist)">Yiğit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Kemal_A%C4%9Far" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Kemal Ağar">Ağar</a> (<a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nal_Batu" title="İnal Batu">Batu</a> (<a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cmmet_Kando%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ümmet Kandoğan (page does not exist)">Kandoğan</a> (<a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Tatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Tatar (page does not exist)">Tatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_%C5%9Eirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emin Şirin (page does not exist)">Şirin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Young_Party" title="Young Party">GP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Nuri_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk" title="Yaşar Nuri Öztürk">Öztürk</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Ascent_Party" title="People's Ascent Party">HYP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_G%C3%BCry%C3%BCz_Ketenci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Güryüz Ketenci (page does not exist)">Ketenci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic People's Party (Turkey)">SHP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership ended prematurely</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Abu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer Abuşoğlu (page does not exist)">Abuşoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lyas_Arslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlyas Arslan (page does not exist)">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nezir_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkcengiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nezir Büyükcengiz (page does not exist)">Büyükcengiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Dervi%C5%9F" title="Kemal Derviş">Derviş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Din%C3%A7er" title="Ali Dinçer">Dinçer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemal_Kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemal Kaya (page does not exist)">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lyas_Sezai_%C3%96nder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlyas Sezai Önder (page does not exist)">Önder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Melik_%C3%96zmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Melik Özmen (page does not exist)">Özmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_%C4%B0brahim_Yilmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil İbrahim Yilmaz (page does not exist)">Yilmaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="Category:Members of the 22nd Parliament of Turkey">Category:Members of the 22nd Parliament of Turkey</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey_(2007–2011)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_23rd_Turkish_Parliament" title="Template:Members of the 23rd Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_23rd_Turkish_Parliament" title="Template talk:Members of the 23rd Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_23rd_Turkish_Parliament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the 23rd Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey_(2007–2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="23rd Parliament of Turkey">Members of the 23rd Parliament of Turkey (2007–2011)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> 10 August 2007 – 12 June 2011</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> (AK Party – 331)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sait_A%C3%A7ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sait Açba (page does not exist)">Açba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Mustafa_A%C3%A7%C4%B1kal%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Mustafa Açıkalın (page does not exist)">Açıkalın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhi_A%C3%A7%C4%B1kg%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhi Açıkgöz (page does not exist)">Açıkgöz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ay%C5%9Fe_Akba%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayşe Akbaş (page does not exist)">Akbaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_Ziyaeddin_Akbulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tevfik Ziyaeddin Akbulut (page does not exist)">Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Akda%C4%9F" title="Recep Akdağ">Akdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulkadir_Akg%C3%BCl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulkadir Akgül (page does not exist)">Akgül</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mevl%C3%BCt_Akg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mevlüt Akgün (page does not exist)">Akgün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nurettin_Akman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nurettin Akman (page does not exist)">Akman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahya_Akman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahya Akman (page does not exist)">Akman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhyettin_Aksak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhyettin Aksak (page does not exist)">Aksak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCldal_Ak%C5%9Fit" title="Güldal Akşit">Akşit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taha_Aksoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taha Aksoy (page does not exist)">Aksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soner_Aksoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soner Aksoy (page does not exist)">Aksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aksu" title="Abdülkadir Aksu">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_R%C4%B1za_Alaboyun" title="Ali Rıza Alaboyun">Alaboyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Hanifi_Al%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Hanifi Alır (page does not exist)">Alır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Alp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Alp (page does not exist)">Alp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Altan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Altan (page does not exist)">Altan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerem_Altun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerem Altun (page does not exist)">Altun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Ang%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Angı (page does not exist)">Angı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahman_Ar%C4%B1c%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahman Arıcı (page does not exist)">Arıcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih_Ar%C4%B1kan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih Arıkan (page does not exist)">Arıkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ar%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Bülent Arınç">Arınç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hsan_Arslan" title="İhsan Arslan">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikail_Arslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikail Arslan (page does not exist)">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutbettin_Arzu" title="Kutbettin Arzu">Arzu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n_Asan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aşkın Asan (page does not exist)">Asan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zekeriya_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zekeriya Aslan (page does not exist)">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Aslan (page does not exist)">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeyid_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeyid Aslan (page does not exist)">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fir_Atalay" title="Beşir Atalay">Atalay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazim_Atao%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazim Ataoğlu (page does not exist)">Ataoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Ata%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Ataş (page does not exist)">Ataş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Ayalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şükrü Ayalan (page does not exist)">Ayalan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ey%C3%BCp_Ayar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyüp Ayar (page does not exist)">Ayar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulkerim_Aydemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulkerim Aydemir (page does not exist)">Aydemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Ahmet Aydın">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saadettin_Ayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saadettin Aydın (page does not exist)">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemalettin_Ayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemalettin Aydın (page does not exist)">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Mehmet Aydın">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_Aydo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Aydoğan (page does not exist)">Aydoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Aydo%C4%9Fmu%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Aydoğmuş (page does not exist)">Aydoğmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%C4%B1m_Aykan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asım Aykan (page does not exist)">Aykan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokman_Ayva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokman Ayva (page does not exist)">Ayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Babacan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sad%C4%B1k_Badak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadık Badak (page does not exist)">Badak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahit_Ba%C4%9Fc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahit Bağcı (page does not exist)">Bağcı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egemen_Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Egemen Bağış">Bağış</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fe_Nur_Bah%C3%A7ekap%C4%B1l%C4%B1" title="Ayşe Nur Bahçekapılı">Bahçekapılı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimet_Ba%C5%9F" title="Nimet Baş">Baş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramazan_Ba%C5%9Fak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramazan Başak (page does not exist)">Başak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_Ba%C5%9Ftop%C3%A7u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Baştopçu (page does not exist)">Baştopçu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fetani_Battal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fetani Battal (page does not exist)">Battal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusret_Bayraktar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nusret Bayraktar (page does not exist)">Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayram_Ali_Bayramo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayram Ali Bayramoğlu (page does not exist)">Bayramoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl_Bekin_%C5%9Eahkulubey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gönül Bekin Şahkulubey (page does not exist)">Bekin Şahkulubey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recai_Berber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recai Berber (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Besli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Besli (page does not exist)">Besli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Hakk%C4%B1_Bi%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Hakkı Biçer (page does not exist)">Biçer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Bilen" title="İsmail Bilen">Bilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCreyya_Sadi_Bilgi%C3%A7" title="Süreyya Sadi Bilgiç">Bilgiç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necat_Birinci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necat Birinci (page does not exist)">Birinci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuat_Bol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuat Bol (page does not exist)">Bol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekir_Bozda%C4%9F" title="Bekir Bozdağ">Bozdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necdet_Budak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necdet Budak (page does not exist)">Budak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkakka%C5%9Flar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Büyükakkaşlar (page does not exist)">Büyükakkaşlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaattin_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaattin Büyükkaya (page does not exist)">Büyükkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan">Çağlayan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayrettin_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayrettin Çakmak (page does not exist)">Çakmak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96znur_%C3%87al%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öznur Çalık (page does not exist)">Çalık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Çalışkan (page does not exist)">Çalışkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reha_%C3%87amuro%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reha Çamuroğlu (page does not exist)">Çamuroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Candan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Candan (page does not exist)">Candan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canan_Candemir_%C3%87elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canan Candemir Çelik (page does not exist)">Candemir Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Canikli" title="Nurettin Canikli">Canikli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Çavuşoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erol_Aslan_Cebeci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erol Aslan Cebeci (page does not exist)">Cebeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_%C3%87elik" title="Ömer Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_%C3%87elik" title="Faruk Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Ali_%C3%87elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Ali Çelik (page does not exist)">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%87elik" title="Hüseyin Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C3%87er%C3%A7i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Çerçi (page does not exist)">Çerçi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_%C3%87etin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Çetin (page does not exist)">Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Necati_%C3%87etinkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Necati Çetinkaya (page does not exist)">Çetinkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_%C3%87etinkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Çetinkaya (page does not exist)">Çetinkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ceylan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ceylan (page does not exist)">Ceylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemil_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek" title="Cemil Çiçek">Çiçek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Çiçek (page does not exist)">Çiçek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BCtfi_%C3%87%C4%B1rako%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lütfi Çırakoğlu (page does not exist)">Çırakoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ertekin_%C3%87olak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ertekin Çolak (page does not exist)">Çolak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_Co%C5%9Fkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf Coşkun (page does not exist)">Coşkun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Co%C5%9Fkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Coşkun (page does not exist)">Coşkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCksel_Co%C5%9Fkuny%C3%BCrek" title="Yüksel Coşkunyürek">Coşkunyürek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Cumur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Cumur (page does not exist)">Cumur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazilet_Da%C4%9Fc%C4%B1_%C3%87%C4%B1%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazilet Dağcı Çığlık (page does not exist)">Dağcı Çığlık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeynep_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeynep Dağı (page does not exist)">Dağı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Dani%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Daniş (page does not exist)">Daniş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Dede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Dede (page does not exist)">Dede</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alev_Dedegil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alev Dedegil (page does not exist)">Dedegil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Halit_Demir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Halit Demir (page does not exist)">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemal_Y%C4%B1lmaz_Demir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemal Yılmaz Demir (page does not exist)">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Demir" title="Mustafa Demir">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Demir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Demir (page does not exist)">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afif_Demirk%C4%B1ran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afif Demirkıran (page does not exist)">Demirkıran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reha_Deneme%C3%A7" title="Reha Denemeç">Denemeç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Beyaz%C4%B1t_Denizolgun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Beyazıt Denizolgun (page does not exist)">Denizolgun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Devecio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Devecioğlu (page does not exist)">Devecioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sait_Dilek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sait Dilek (page does not exist)">Dilek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Din%C3%A7er" title="Ömer Dinçer">Dinçer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0kram_Din%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İkram Dinçer (page does not exist)">Dinçer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eaban_Di%C5%9Fli" title="Şaban Dişli">Dişli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahman_Dodurgal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahman Dodurgalı (page does not exist)">Dodurgalı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahya_Do%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahya Doğan (page does not exist)">Doğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avni_Do%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avni Doğan (page does not exist)">Doğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Mete_Do%C4%9Fruer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Mete Doğruer (page does not exist)">Doğruer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Doma%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Domaç (page does not exist)">Domaç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Durdu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Durdu (page does not exist)">Durdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker" title="Mehmet Mehdi Eker">Eker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mithat_Ekici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mithat Ekici (page does not exist)">Ekici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Emin_Ekmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Emin Ekmen (page does not exist)">Ekmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naz%C4%B1m_Ekren" title="Nazım Ekren">Ekren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Elita%C5%9F" title="Mustafa Elitaş">Elitaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Elvan" title="Lütfi Elvan">Elvan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Er (page does not exist)">Er</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celal_Erbay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celal Erbay (page does not exist)">Erbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Erdem" title="Mehmet Erdem">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahit_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahit Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avni_Erdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avni Erdemir (page does not exist)">Erdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Salih_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Salih Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazl%C4%B1_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazlı Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cevdet_Erd%C3%B6l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cevdet Erdöl (page does not exist)">Erdöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Ergezen" title="Zeki Ergezen">Ergezen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin" title="Sadullah Ergin">Ergin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erg%C3%BCn" title="Nihat Ergün">Ergün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veysel_Ero%C4%9Flu" title="Veysel Eroğlu">Eroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Ert%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Ertürk (page does not exist)">Ertürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%C5%9Far_Ery%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaşar Eryılmaz (page does not exist)">Eryılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lhan_Evcin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlhan Evcin (page does not exist)">Evcin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyit_Eyy%C3%BCpo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyit Eyyüpoğlu (page does not exist)">Eyyüpoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ey%C3%BCp_Fatsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyüp Fatsa (page does not exist)">Fatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Erdal_Feralan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Erdal Feralan (page does not exist)">Feralan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_M%C3%BCcahit_F%C4%B1nd%C4%B1kl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Mücahit Fındıklı (page does not exist)">Fındıklı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengir_Mir_Mehmet_F%C4%B1rat" title="Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat">Fırat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Gedikli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Gedikli (page does not exist)">Gedikli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_G%C3%B6ksel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Göksel (page does not exist)">Göksel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemalettin_G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemalettin Göktaş (page does not exist)">Göktaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Vecdi Gönül">Gönül</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azize_Sibel_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azize Sibel Gönül (page does not exist)">Gönül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_G%C3%BC%C3%A7l%C3%BC" title="Sami Güçlü">Güçlü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Hilmi_G%C3%BCler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Hilmi Güler">Güler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akif_G%C3%BClle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akif Gülle (page does not exist)">Gülle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_G%C3%BCll%C3%BCce" title="İdris Güllüce">Güllüce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyy%C3%BCp_Cenap_G%C3%BClp%C4%B1nar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyyüp Cenap Gülpınar (page does not exist)">Gülpınar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_G%C3%BCls%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Gülsün (page does not exist)">Gülsün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_G%C3%BClyurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Gülyurt (page does not exist)">Gülyurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_G%C3%BCnay" title="Ertuğrul Günay">Günay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0rfan_G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İrfan Gündüz (page does not exist)">Gündüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_G%C3%BCner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Güner (page does not exist)">Güner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Clk%C3%BC_G%C3%B6kalp_G%C3%BCney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ülkü Gökalp Güney (page does not exist)">Güney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fato%C5%9F_G%C3%BCrkan" title="Fatoş Gürkan">Gürkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eevket_G%C3%BCrsoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şevket Gürsoy (page does not exist)">Gürsoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Esat_G%C3%BCven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Esat Güven (page does not exist)">Güven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Hamarat" title="Mustafa Hamarat">Hamarat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Hasg%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Hasgür (page does not exist)">Hasgür</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memet_Y%C4%B1lmaz_Helvac%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memet Yılmaz Helvacıoğlu (page does not exist)">Helvacıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Nil_H%C4%B1d%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Nil Hıdır (page does not exist)">Hıdır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatma_Seniha_N%C3%BCkhet_Hotar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatma Seniha Nükhet Hotar (page does not exist)">Hotar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C4%B0nal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet İnal (page does not exist)">İnal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_%C4%B0nan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer İnan (page does not exist)">İnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halide_%C4%B0ncekara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halide İncekara (page does not exist)">İncekara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lknur_%C4%B0nce%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlknur İnceöz (page does not exist)">İnceöz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haluk_%C4%B0pek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haluk İpek (page does not exist)">İpek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C4%B0yimaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet İyimaya (page does not exist)">İyimaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fikri_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Fikri Işık">Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Kabakc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Kabakcı (page does not exist)">Kabakcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cnal_Kac%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ünal Kacır (page does not exist)">Kacır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C4%9Fah_Kafkas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ağah Kafkas (page does not exist)">Kafkas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClhadi_Kahya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdülhadi Kahya (page does not exist)">Kahya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdal_Kalkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdal Kalkan (page does not exist)">Kalkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canan_Kals%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canan Kalsın (page does not exist)">Kalsın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salih_Kapusuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salih Kapusuz (page does not exist)">Kapusuz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Kara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Kara (page does not exist)">Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeki_Karabay%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeki Karabayır (page does not exist)">Karabayır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebahattin_Karakelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebahattin Karakelle (page does not exist)">Karakelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Altan_Karapa%C5%9Fao%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Altan Karapaşaoğlu (page does not exist)">Karapaşaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Karasayar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Karasayar (page does not exist)">Karasayar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seracettin_Karaya%C4%9F%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seracettin Karayağız (page does not exist)">Karayağız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%C5%9Far_Karayel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaşar Karayel (page does not exist)">Karayel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_Ka%C5%9F%C4%B1ko%C4%9Flu" title="Metin Kaşıkoğlu">Kaşıkoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durdu_Mehmet_Kastal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durdu Mehmet Kastal (page does not exist)">Kastal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Katmerci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Katmerci (page does not exist)">Katmerci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Aliye_Kavaf" title="Selma Aliye Kavaf">Kavaf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Kavaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Kavaz (page does not exist)">Kavaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemal_Kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemal Kaya (page does not exist)">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffet_Kaya" title="Saffet Kaya">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burhan_Kayat%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burhan Kayatürk (page does not exist)">Kayatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veysi_Kaynak" title="Veysi Kaynak">Kaynak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahit_Kiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahit Kiler (page does not exist)">Kiler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Fehmi_Kinay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Fehmi Kinay (page does not exist)">Kinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahit_Kiri%C5%9Fci" title="Vahit Kirişci">Kirişci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suat_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Suat Kılıç">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Kılıç (page does not exist)">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suat_K%C4%B1n%C4%B1kl%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu" title="Suat Kınıklıoğlu">Kınıklıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turan_K%C4%B1ratl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turan Kıratlı (page does not exist)">Kıratlı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feyzullah_K%C4%B1y%C4%B1kl%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feyzullah Kıyıklık (page does not exist)">Kıyıklık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedat_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lc%C4%B1kl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedat Kızılcıklı (page does not exist)">Kızılcıklı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atilla_Ko%C3%A7" title="Atilla Koç">Koç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Koca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Koca (page does not exist)">Koca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Koca" title="Faruk Koca">Koca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0hsan_Koca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İhsan Koca (page does not exist)">Koca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_Koral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Koral (page does not exist)">Koral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%B1tvan_K%C3%B6yba%C5%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rıtvan Köybaşı (page does not exist)">Köybaşı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakk%C4%B1_K%C3%B6yl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkı Köylü (page does not exist)">Köylü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Koyuncu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Koyuncu (page does not exist)">Koyuncu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCkayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Küçükaydın (page does not exist)">Küçükaydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Kul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Kul (page does not exist)">Kul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahman_Kurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahman Kurt (page does not exist)">Kurt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haydar_Kemal_Kurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haydar Kemal Kurt (page does not exist)">Kurt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCjdat_Ku%C5%9Fku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Müjdat Kuşku (page does not exist)">Kuşku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fehmi_H%C3%BCsrev_Kutlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fehmi Hüsrev Kutlu (page does not exist)">Kutlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Kuzu" title="Burhan Kuzu">Kuzu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Halil_Maz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Halil Mazıcıoğlu (page does not exist)">Mazıcıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesude_Nursuna_Memecan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesude Nursuna Memecan (page does not exist)">Memecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Murat_Mercan" title="Hasan Murat Mercan">Mercan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C4%B0hsan_Merdano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali İhsan Merdanoğlu (page does not exist)">Merdanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih_Metin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih Metin (page does not exist)">Metin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_M%C3%BCezzino%C4%9Flu" title="Mehmet Müezzinoğlu">Müezzinoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zlem_M%C3%BCft%C3%BCo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Özlem Müftüoğlu (page does not exist)">Müftüoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ocakden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ocakden (page does not exist)">Ocakden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zkan_%C3%96ks%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Özkan Öksüz (page does not exist)">Öksüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C3%96ks%C3%BCzkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Öksüzkaya (page does not exist)">Öksüzkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuat_%C3%96lmeztoprak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuat Ölmeztoprak (page does not exist)">Ölmeztoprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulkadir_Emin_%C3%96nen" title="Abdulkadir Emin Önen">Önen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Ordu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüsnü Ordu (page does not exist)">Ordu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen_Orhan" title="Gülşen Orhan">Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Faruk_%C3%96z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer Faruk Öz (page does not exist)">Öz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Naf%C4%B1z_%C3%96zak" title="Faruk Nafız Özak">Özak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_%C3%96zbayrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Özbayrak (page does not exist)">Özbayrak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulmuttalip_%C3%96zbek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulmuttalip Özbek (page does not exist)">Özbek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayram_%C3%96z%C3%A7elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayram Özçelik (page does not exist)">Özçelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazmi_Haluk_%C3%96zdalga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazmi Haluk Özdalga (page does not exist)">Özdalga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%BCksel_%C3%96zden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yüksel Özden (page does not exist)">Özden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_%C3%96zg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Özgün (page does not exist)">Özgün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerim_%C3%96zkul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerim Özkul (page does not exist)">Özkul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Cemal_%C3%96ztaylan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Cemal Öztaylan (page does not exist)">Öztaylan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahir_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahir Öztürk (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Nedim_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emin Nedim Öztürk (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Öztürk">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Öztürk (politician) (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih Öztürk (politician) (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevzat_Pakdil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevzat Pakdil (page does not exist)">Pakdil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCcahit_Pehlivan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mücahit Pehlivan (page does not exist)">Pehlivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Pepe" title="Osman Pepe">Pepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zlem_Piltano%C4%9Flu" title="Özlem Piltanoğlu">Piltanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrettin_Poyraz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahrettin Poyraz (page does not exist)">Poyraz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sa%C4%9Flam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sağlam (page does not exist)">Sağlam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Osman_Sali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Osman Sali (page does not exist)">Sali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Salman_Kotan" title="Fatma Salman Kotan">Salman Kotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Sar%C4%B1" title="Mehmet Sarı">Sarı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_G%C3%B6khan_Sar%C4%B1%C3%A7am&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Gökhan Sarıçam (page does not exist)">Sarıçam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sekmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sekmen (page does not exist)">Sekmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Selamo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Selamoğlu (page does not exist)">Selamoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faruk_Septio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faruk Septioğlu (page does not exist)">Septioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Veli_Seyda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Veli Seyda (page does not exist)">Seyda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safiye_Seymeno%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safiye Seymenoğlu (page does not exist)">Seymenoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_S%C4%B1vac%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa Sıvacıoğlu (page does not exist)">Sıvacıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hac%C4%B1_Hasan_S%C3%B6nmez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacı Hasan Sönmez (page does not exist)">Sönmez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edibe_S%C3%B6zen" title="Edibe Sözen">Sözen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_%C5%9Eahin" title="Mehmet Ali Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_%C5%9Eahin" title="Fatma Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_Naim_%C5%9Eahin" title="İdris Naim Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C5%9Eahin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Şahin (page does not exist)">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birnur_%C5%9Eahino%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birnur Şahinoğlu (page does not exist)">Şahinoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C5%9Eanverdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fevzi Şanverdi (page does not exist)">Şanverdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Mehmet Şimşek">Şimşek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Tanr%C4%B1verdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Tanrıverdi (page does not exist)">Tanrıverdi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemal_Ta%C5%9Far&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemal Taşar (page does not exist)">Taşar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cafer_Tatl%C4%B1bal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cafer Tatlıbal (page does not exist)">Tatlıbal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necip_Taylan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necip Taylan (page does not exist)">Taylan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Say%C4%B1m_Tekelio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sayım Tekelioğlu (page does not exist)">Tekelioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Tem%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Temür (page does not exist)">Temür</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadir_T%C4%B1ng%C4%B1ro%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadir Tıngıroğlu (page does not exist)">Tıngıroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ksal_Toptan" title="Köksal Toptan">Toptan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harun_T%C3%BCfekci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harun Tüfekci (page does not exist)">Tüfekci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Tu%C4%9Fcu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Tuğcu (page does not exist)">Tuğcu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Tuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüsnü Tuna (page does not exist)">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_Tun%C3%A7" title="Yılmaz Tunç">Tunç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Tun%C3%A7ak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Tunçak (page does not exist)">Tunçak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polat_T%C3%BCrkmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polat Türkmen (page does not exist)">Türkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ay%C5%9Fe_T%C3%BCrkmeno%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayşe Türkmenoğlu (page does not exist)">Türkmenoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayhan_T%C3%BCrkmeno%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayhan Türkmenoğlu (page does not exist)">Türkmenoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Emin_Tutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Emin Tutan (page does not exist)">Tutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCr%C5%9Fad_T%C3%BCzmen" title="Kürşad Tüzmen">Tüzmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Edip_U%C4%9Fur" title="Ahmet Edip Uğur">Uğur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Unak%C4%B1tan" title="Kemal Unakıtan">Unakıtan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumhur_%C3%9Cnal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cumhur Ünal (page does not exist)">Ünal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_%C3%9Cnal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Ünal (page does not exist)">Ünal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_%C3%9Cn%C3%BCvar" title="Necdet Ünüvar">Ünüvar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Zafer_%C3%9Csk%C3%BCl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Zafer Üskül (page does not exist)">Üskül</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuri_Uslu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuri Uslu (page does not exist)">Uslu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayhan_Sefer_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayhan Sefer Üstün (page does not exist)">Üstün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selami_Uzun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selami Uzun (page does not exist)">Uzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Yak%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Yaşar Yakış">Yakış</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sad%C4%B1k_Yakut" title="Sadık Yakut">Yakut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevzat_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1nta%C5%9F" title="Nevzat Yalçıntaş">Yalçıntaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Kemal_Yard%C4%B1mc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Kemal Yardımcı (page does not exist)">Yardımcı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayati_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Hayati Yazıcı">Yazıcı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Said_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Said Yazıcıoğlu">Yazıcıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tu%C4%9Frul_Yemi%C5%9Fci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuğrul Yemişci (page does not exist)">Yemişci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Yeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Yeni (page does not exist)">Yeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Yerlikaya" title="Hamza Yerlikaya">Yerlikaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahman_M%C3%BCfit_Yetkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahman Müfit Yetkin (page does not exist)">Yetkin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Yi%C4%9Fit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Yiğit (page does not exist)">Yiğit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murat_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murat Yıldırım (politician) (page does not exist)">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Yıldırım (page does not exist)">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taner_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Taner Yıldız">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cevdet Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metin_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metin Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medeni_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medeni Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayhan_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayhan Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enver_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enver Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Y%C3%BCksel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Yüksel">Yüksel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%BCneyt_Y%C3%BCksel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cüneyt Yüksel (page does not exist)">Yüksel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilek_Y%C3%BCksel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilek Yüksel (page does not exist)">Yüksel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BCstem_Zeydan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rüstem Zeydan (page does not exist)">Zeydan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_(T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP – 102)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%C5%9Far_A%C4%9Fy%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaşar Ağyüz (page does not exist)">Ağyüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zekeriya_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zekeriya Akıncı (page does not exist)">Akıncı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engin_Altay" title="Engin Altay">Altay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%B1v%C4%B1lc%C4%B1m_Kemal_Anadol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kıvılcım Kemal Anadol (page does not exist)">Anadol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necla_Arat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necla Arat (page does not exist)">Arat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metin_Arifa%C4%9Fao%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metin Arifağaoğlu (page does not exist)">Arifağaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2n%C3%A2n_Aritman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cânân Aritman (page does not exist)">Aritman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Arslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Arslan (page does not exist)">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferit_Mevl%C3%BCt_Aslano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferit Mevlüt Aslanoğlu (page does not exist)">Aslanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Fatih_Atay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Fatih Atay (page does not exist)">Atay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1lmaz_Ate%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yılmaz Ateş (page does not exist)">Ateş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erg%C3%BCn_Aydo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ergün Aydoğan (page does not exist)">Aydoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk_Ayhan" title="Selçuk Ayhan">Ayhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Baratal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Baratalı (page does not exist)">Baratalı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tansel_Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tansel Barış (page does not exist)">Barış</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Baykal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesrin_Baytok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesrin Baytok (page does not exist)">Baytok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekin_Bing%C3%B6l" title="Tekin Bingöl">Bingöl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suat_Binici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suat Binici (page does not exist)">Binici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasim_%C3%87ak%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasim Çakır (page does not exist)">Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuat_%C3%87ay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuat Çay (page does not exist)">Çay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_%C3%87%C3%B6ll%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüsnü Çöllü (page does not exist)">Çöllü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mevl%C3%BCt_Co%C5%9Fkuner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mevlüt Coşkuner (page does not exist)">Coşkuner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Co%C5%9Fkuno%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Coşkunoğlu (page does not exist)">Coşkunoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Demirel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Demirel (page does not exist)">Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turgut_Dibek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgut Dibek (page does not exist)">Dibek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Ziya_Diren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Ziya Diren (page does not exist)">Diren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6khan_Durgun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gökhan Durgun (page does not exist)">Durgun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akif_Ekici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akif Ekici (page does not exist)">Ekici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Elekda%C4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Şükrü Elekdağ">Elekdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atila_Emek" title="Atila Emek">Emek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevingaye_Erbatur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevingaye Erbatur (page does not exist)">Erbatur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hikmet_Erenkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hikmet Erenkaya (page does not exist)">Erenkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCrol_Ergin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gürol Ergin (page does not exist)">Ergin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Ersin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Ersin (page does not exist)">Ersin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_R%C4%B1za_Ertem%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Rıza Ertemür (page does not exist)">Ertemür</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrezzak_Erten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrezzak Erten (page does not exist)">Erten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamer_Gen%C3%A7" title="Kamer Genç">Genç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0sa_G%C3%B6k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsa Gök (page does not exist)">Gök</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dervi%C5%9F_G%C3%BCnday&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derviş Günday (page does not exist)">Günday</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahmi_G%C3%BCner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahmi Güner (page does not exist)">Güner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulusi_G%C3%BCvel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hulusi Güvel (page does not exist)">Güvel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algan_Hacalo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algan Hacaloğlu (page does not exist)">Hacaloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Emrehan_Hal%C4%B1c%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Emrehan Halıcı (page does not exist)">Halıcı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Akif_Hamza%C3%A7ebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Akif Hamzaçebi">Hamzaçebi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Tayfun_%C4%B0%C3%A7li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Tayfun İçli (page does not exist)">İçli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muharrem_%C4%B0nce" title="Muharrem İnce">İnce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Kaptan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Kaptan (page does not exist)">Kaptan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Fref_Karaibrahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşref Karaibrahim (page does not exist)">Karaibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atilla_Kart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atilla Kart (page does not exist)">Kart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birgen_Kele%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birgen Keleş (page does not exist)">Keleş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Haluk_Ko%C3%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmet Haluk Koç">Koç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Ko%C3%A7al&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Koçal (page does not exist)">Koçal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C4%B0hsan_K%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali İhsan Köktürk (page does not exist)">Köktürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esfender_Korkmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esfender Korkmaz (page does not exist)">Korkmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eevket_K%C3%B6se&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şevket Köse (page does not exist)">Köse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Küçük (page does not exist)">Küçük</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C5%9Eevki_Kulkulo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Şevki Kulkuloğlu (page does not exist)">Kulkuloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eahin_Meng%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şahin Mengü (page does not exist)">Mengü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayramali_Meral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayramali Meral (page does not exist)">Meral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BCkran_G%C3%BCldal_Mumcu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şükran Güldal Mumcu (page does not exist)">Mumcu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensar_%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensar Öğüt (page does not exist)">Öğüt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakk%C4%B1_Suha_Okay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkı Suha Okay (page does not exist)">Okay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Oksal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Oksal (page does not exist)">Oksal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Einasi_%C3%96ktem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şinasi Öktem (page does not exist)">Öktem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C4%9Fuz_Oyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oğuz Oyan (page does not exist)">Oyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onur_Ba%C5%9Faran_%C3%96ymen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onur Başaran Öymen (page does not exist)">Öymen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durdu_%C3%96zbolat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durdu Özbolat (page does not exist)">Özbolat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ecder_%C3%96zdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malik Ecder Özdemir (page does not exist)">Özdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_%C3%96zer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Özer (page does not exist)">Özer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramazan_Kerim_%C3%96zkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramazan Kerim Özkan (page does not exist)">Özkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ali_%C3%96zpolat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ali Özpolat (page does not exist)">Özpolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faik_%C3%96ztrak" class="mw-redirect" title="Faik Öztrak">Öztrak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harun_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harun Öztürk (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_R%C4%B1za_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Rıza Öztürk (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_%C3%96zy%C3%BCrek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Özyürek (page does not exist)">Özyürek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilgin_Pa%C3%A7ar%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilgin Paçarız (page does not exist)">Paçarız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Pazarc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Pazarcı (page does not exist)">Pazarcı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96nder_Sav" title="Önder Sav">Sav</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahap_Se%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahap Seçer (page does not exist)">Seçer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Cevdet_Selvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Cevdet Selvi (page does not exist)">Selvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Nur_Serter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatma Nur Serter">Serter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sevigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sevigen (page does not exist)">Sevigen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacidar_Seyhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tacidar Seyhan (page does not exist)">Seyhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fehmi_Murat_S%C3%B6nmez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fehmi Murat Sönmez (page does not exist)">Sönmez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87etin_Soysal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çetin Soysal (page does not exist)">Soysal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayfur_S%C3%BCner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tayfur Süner (page does not exist)">Süner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ali_Susam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ali Susam (page does not exist)">Susam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihlun_Tamayl%C4%B1gil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihlun Tamaylıgil">Tamaylıgil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Tan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Tan (page does not exist)">Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erol_T%C4%B1nastepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erol Tınastepe (page does not exist)">Tınastepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Topuz" title="Ali Topuz">Topuz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_Topuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fevzi Topuz (page does not exist)">Topuz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enis_T%C3%BCt%C3%BCnc%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enis Tütüncü (page does not exist)">Tütüncü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%C5%9Far_T%C3%BCz%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaşar Tüzün (page does not exist)">Tüzün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_%C3%9Cnl%C3%BCtepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Ünlütepe (page does not exist)">Ünlütepe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%9Cnsal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Ünsal (page does not exist)">Ünsal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammet_R%C4%B1za_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1nkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammet Rıza Yalçınkaya (page does not exist)">Yalçınkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulaziz_Yazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulaziz Yazar (page does not exist)">Yazar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Erdo%C4%9Fan_Yeten%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Erdoğan Yetenç (page does not exist)">Yetenç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacid_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacid Yıldız (page does not exist)">Yıldız</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (MHP – 72)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClkadir_Akcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdülkadir Akcan (page does not exist)">Akcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erkan_Ak%C3%A7ay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erkan Akçay (page does not exist)">Akçay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akif_Akku%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akif Akkuş (page does not exist)">Akkuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meral_Ak%C5%9Fener" title="Meral Akşener">Akşener</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bekir_Aksoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bekir Aksoy (page does not exist)">Aksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beytullah_Asil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beytullah Asil (page does not exist)">Asil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCr%C5%9Fat_At%C4%B1lgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kürşat Atılgan (page does not exist)">Atılgan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Haluk_Ayhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emin Haluk Ayhan (page does not exist)">Ayhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Bahçeli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faruk_Bal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faruk Bal (page does not exist)">Bal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Ba%C5%9Fesgio%C4%9Flu" title="Murat Başesgioğlu">Başesgioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Deniz_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Deniz Bölükbaşı (page does not exist)">Bölükbaşı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Bukan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Bukan (page does not exist)">Bukan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Duran_Bulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Duran Bulut (page does not exist)">Bulut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smet_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkataman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmet Büyükataman (page does not exist)">Büyükataman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_%C3%87ak%C4%B1r" title="Osman Çakır">Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabahattin_%C3%87akmako%C4%9Flu" title="Sabahattin Çakmakoğlu">Çakmakoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Çalış (page does not exist)">Çalış</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Behi%C3%A7_%C3%87elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Behiç Çelik (page does not exist)">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Kemal_Cengiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Kemal Cengiz (page does not exist)">Cengiz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_Turan_%C3%87irkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Turan Çirkin (page does not exist)">Çirkin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metin_%C3%87obano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metin Çobanoğlu (page does not exist)">Çobanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakan_Co%C5%9Fkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakan Coşkun (page does not exist)">Coşkun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCrcan_Da%C4%9Fda%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gürcan Dağdaş (page does not exist)">Dağdaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Re%C5%9Fat_Do%C4%9Fru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reşat Doğru (page does not exist)">Doğru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Durmu%C5%9F" title="Osman Durmuş">Durmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumali_Durmu%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cumali Durmuş (page does not exist)">Durmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ekici" title="Mehmet Ekici">Ekici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_En%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Enöz (page does not exist)">Enöz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metin_Ergun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metin Ergun (page does not exist)">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeki_Ertugay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeki Ertugay (page does not exist)">Ertugay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Ertu%C4%9Frul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Ertuğrul (page does not exist)">Ertuğrul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_G%C3%BCnal" title="Mehmet Günal">Günal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamza_Hamit_Homri%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamza Hamit Homriş (page does not exist)">Homriş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCmin_%C4%B0nan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mümin İnan (page does not exist)">İnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_Ziya_%C4%B0rbe%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf Ziya İrbeç (page does not exist)">İrbeç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alim_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alim Işık (page does not exist)">Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Kalayc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Kalaycı (page does not exist)">Kalaycı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atila_Kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atila Kaya (page does not exist)">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_Nevzat_Korkmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Nevzat Korkmaz (page does not exist)">Korkmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ertu%C4%9Frul_Kumcuo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ertuğrul Kumcuoğlu (page does not exist)">Kumcuoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnir_Kutluata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münir Kutluata (page does not exist)">Kutluata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mithat_Melen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mithat Melen (page does not exist)">Melen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemalettin_Nalc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemalettin Nalcı (page does not exist)">Nalcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Orhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Orhan (page does not exist)">Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Zekai_%C3%96zcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Zekai Özcan (page does not exist)">Özcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_%C3%96zdemir" title="Hasan Özdemir">Özdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necati_%C3%96zensoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necati Özensoy (page does not exist)">Özensoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murat_%C3%96zkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murat Özkan (page does not exist)">Özkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Cihan_Pa%C3%A7ac%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Cihan Paçacı (page does not exist)">Paçacı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Akif_Paksoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Akif Paksoy (page does not exist)">Paksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cmit_%C5%9Eafak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ümit Şafak (page does not exist)">Şafak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9Eand%C4%B1r" title="Mehmet Şandır">Şandır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Serdaro%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Serdaroğlu (page does not exist)">Serdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamil_Erdal_Sipahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamil Erdal Sipahi (page does not exist)">Sipahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eenol_Sunat" title="Şenol Sunat">Sunat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_Taner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Taner (page does not exist)">Taner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1lmaz_Tankut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yılmaz Tankut (page does not exist)">Tankut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Kenan_Tanr%C4%B1kulu" title="Ahmet Kenan Tanrıkulu">Tanrıkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durmu%C5%9Fali_Torlak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durmuşali Torlak (page does not exist)">Torlak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunca_Toskay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunca Toskay (page does not exist)">Toskay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Tu%C4%9Frul_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş">Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadir_Ural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadir Ural (page does not exist)">Ural</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemaleddin_Uslu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemaleddin Uslu (page does not exist)">Uslu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Uzun%C4%B1rmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Uzunırmak (page does not exist)">Uzunırmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muharrem_Varl%C4%B1" title="Muharrem Varlı">Varlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktay_Vural" title="Oktay Vural">Vural</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%B1dvan_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rıdvan Yalçın (page does not exist)">Yalçın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recai_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recai Yıldırım (page does not exist)">Yıldırım</a></li> <li>Yıldız</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zzettin_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İzzettin Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_Latif_Yunuso%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Latif Yunusoğlu (page does not exist)">Yunusoğlu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Democracy_Party" title="Peace and Democracy Party">Peace and Democracy Party</a> (BDP – 26)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_Akat_Ata" title="Ayla Akat Ata">Akat Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87a%C4%9Fla_Aktemur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çağla Aktemur (page does not exist)">Aktemur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emine_Ayna" title="Emine Ayna">Ayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevahir_Bay%C4%B1nd%C4%B1r" title="Sevahir Bayındır">Bayındır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Binici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Binici (page does not exist)">Binici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C4%B1n_Birdal" title="Akın Birdal">Birdal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recai_Birg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recai Birgün (page does not exist)">Birgün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervin_Buldan" title="Pervin Buldan">Buldan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabahattin_Cevheri" title="Sabahattin Cevheri">Cevheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Demirta%C5%9F" title="Selahattin Demirtaş">Demirtaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Fref_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşref Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamit_Geylani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamit Geylani (page does not exist)">Geylani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eerafettin_Halis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şerafettin Halis (page does not exist)">Halis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%BClf%C3%BCkar_%C4%B0zol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zülfükar İzol (page does not exist)">İzol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Nezir_Karaba%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Nezir Karabaş (page does not exist)">Karabaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasip_Kaplan" title="Hasip Kaplan">Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhan_Kesici" title="İlhan Kesici">Kesici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCltan_K%C4%B1%C5%9Fanak" title="Gültan Kışanak">Kışanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Kurtulan" title="Fatma Kurtulan">Kurtulan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_%C3%96z%C3%A7elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Özçelik (page does not exist)">Özçelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_Sakik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sırrı Sakik (page does not exist)">Sakik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebahat_Tuncel" title="Sebahat Tuncel">Tuncel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zdal_%C3%9C%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Özdal Üçer (page does not exist)">Üçer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ufuk_Uras" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Ufuk Uras">Uras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Nuri_Yaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Nuri Yaman (page does not exist)">Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengi_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Bengi Yıldız">Yıldız</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democratic Left Party (Turkey)">Democratic Left Party</a> (DSP – 6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ay%C5%9Fe_Jale_A%C4%9F%C4%B1rba%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayşe Jale Ağırbaş (page does not exist)">Ağırbaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Er%C3%A7elebi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Erçelebi (page does not exist)">Erçelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Macit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Macit (page does not exist)">Macit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Mert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Mert (page does not exist)">Mert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Vural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Vural (page does not exist)">Vural</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_Ya%C4%9F%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Yağız (page does not exist)">Yağız</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feyzi_%C4%B0%C5%9Fba%C5%9Faran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feyzi İşbaşaran (page does not exist)">İşbaşaran</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmet Mesut Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ya%C5%9Far_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yaşar Öztürk (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkey_Party" title="Turkey Party">TP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership ended prematurely</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulhadi_Akayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulhadi Akaydın (page does not exist)">Akaydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz_Suphi_Aktan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gündüz Suphi Aktan (page does not exist)">Aktan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Gül</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Ku%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Kuş (page does not exist)">Kuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aysel_Tu%C4%9Fluk" title="Aysel Tuğluk">Tuğluk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Gazi_Ya%C4%9Fmurdereli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Gazi Yağmurdereli (page does not exist)">Yağmurdereli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamza_Yan%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamza Yanılmaz (page does not exist)">Yanılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu" title="Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu">Yazıcıoğlu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="Category:Members of the 23rd Parliament of Turkey">Category:Members of the 23rd Parliament of Turkey</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_24th_Parliament_of_Turkey_(2011–2015)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_24th_Turkish_Parliament" title="Template:Members of the 24th Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_24th_Turkish_Parliament" title="Template talk:Members of the 24th Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_24th_Turkish_Parliament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the 24th Turkish Parliament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_24th_Parliament_of_Turkey_(2011–2015)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/24th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="24th Parliament of Turkey">Members of the 24th Parliament of Turkey (2011–2015)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> 28 June 2011 – 23 June 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> (AK Party – 311)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sait_A%C3%A7ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sait Açba (page does not exist)">Açba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhi_A%C3%A7%C4%B1kg%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhi Açıkgöz (page does not exist)">Açıkgöz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_Ziyaeddin_Akbulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tevfik Ziyaeddin Akbulut (page does not exist)">Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Akda%C4%9F" title="Recep Akdağ">Akdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahim_Akda%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahim Akdağ (page does not exist)">Akdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n_Akdo%C4%9Fan" title="Yalçın Akdoğan">Akdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mevl%C3%BCt_Akg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mevlüt Akgün (page does not exist)">Akgün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_Cemal_Ak%C4%B1n" title="Hüseyin Cemal Akın">Akın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Ak%C4%B1%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Akış (page does not exist)">Akış</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahya_Akman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahya Akman (page does not exist)">Akman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhyettin_Aksak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhyettin Aksak (page does not exist)">Aksak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soner_Aksoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soner Aksoy (page does not exist)">Aksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aksu" title="Abdülkadir Aksu">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Aky%C3%BCrek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Akyürek (page does not exist)">Akyürek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_R%C4%B1za_Alaboyun" title="Ali Rıza Alaboyun">Alaboyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Euay_Alpay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şuay Alpay (page does not exist)">Alpay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Altay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Altay (page does not exist)">Altay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ar%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Bülent Arınç">Arınç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevai_Arslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fevai Arslan (page does not exist)">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Arslan_(politician)" title="Ahmet Arslan (politician)">Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Aslan (page does not exist)">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeyid_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeyid Aslan (page does not exist)">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_A%C5%9Fl%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Aşlık (page does not exist)">Aşlık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Atalay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Atalay (page does not exist)">Atalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fir_Atalay" title="Beşir Atalay">Atalay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Ata%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Ataş (page does not exist)">Ataş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Avc%C4%B1" title="Nabi Avcı">Avcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Ayalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şükrü Ayalan (page does not exist)">Ayalan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U%C4%9Fur_Aydemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uğur Aydemir (page does not exist)">Aydemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Ahmet Aydın">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Ayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Aydın (page does not exist)">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemalettin_Ayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemalettin Aydın (page does not exist)">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Ayd%C4%B1nl%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Aydınlıoğlu (page does not exist)">Aydınlıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeki_Ayg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeki Aygün (page does not exist)">Aygün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Babacan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zlem_Babada%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Özlem Babadağ (page does not exist)">Babadağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BClay_Babu%C5%9Fcu" title="Tülay Babuşcu">Babuşcu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sad%C4%B1k_Badak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadık Badak (page does not exist)">Badak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahit_Ba%C4%9Fc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahit Bağcı (page does not exist)">Bağcı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egemen_Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Egemen Bağış">Bağış</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fe_Nur_Bah%C3%A7ekap%C4%B1l%C4%B1" title="Ayşe Nur Bahçekapılı">Bahçekapılı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n_Bak" title="Osman Aşkın Bak">Bak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derya_Bakbak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derya Bakbak (page does not exist)">Bakbak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BClay_Bak%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tülay Bakır (page does not exist)">Bakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sermin_Bal%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sermin Balık (page does not exist)">Balık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Balo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Baloğlu (page does not exist)">Baloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimet_Ba%C5%9F" title="Nimet Baş">Baş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ba%C5%9Fer" title="Yusuf Başer">Başer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_Ba%C5%9Ftop%C3%A7u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Baştopçu (page does not exist)">Baştopçu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sevda_Bayaz%C4%B1t_Ka%C3%A7ar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sevda Bayazıt Kaçar (page does not exist)">Bayazıt Kaçar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusret_Bayraktar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nusret Bayraktar (page does not exist)">Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan_Bayraktar" title="Erdoğan Bayraktar">Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl_Bekin_%C5%9Eahkulubey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gönül Bekin Şahkulubey (page does not exist)">Bekin Şahkulubey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recai_Berber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recai Berber (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCreyya_Sadi_Bilgi%C3%A7" title="Süreyya Sadi Bilgiç">Bilgiç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilmi_Bilgin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilmi Bilgin (page does not exist)">Bilgin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Bilici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Bilici (page does not exist)">Bilici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1n_B%C4%B1y%C4%B1kl%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydın Bıyıklıoğlu (page does not exist)">Bıyıklıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Bo%C4%9Fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Boğa (page does not exist)">Boğa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Naci_Bostanc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Naci Bostancı">Bostancı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Boyraz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Boyraz (page does not exist)">Boyraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekir_Bozda%C4%9F" title="Bekir Bozdağ">Bozdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkan_Bozk%C4%B1r" title="Volkan Bozkır">Bozkır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebi_Bozkurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nebi Bozkurt (page does not exist)">Bozkurt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_B%C3%BCrge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Bürge (page does not exist)">Bürge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan">Çağlayan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_%C3%87akar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Çakar (page does not exist)">Çakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_%C3%87ak%C4%B1r" title="Osman Çakır">Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96znur_%C3%87al%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öznur Çalık (page does not exist)">Çalık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Çalışkan (page does not exist)">Çalışkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Clker_Can&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ülker Can (page does not exist)">Can</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramazan_Can&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramazan Can (page does not exist)">Can</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ercan_Candan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ercan Candan (page does not exist)">Candan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canan_Candemir_%C3%87elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canan Candemir Çelik (page does not exist)">Candemir Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Canikli" title="Nurettin Canikli">Canikli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Çavuşoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakan_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakan Çavuşoğlu (page does not exist)">Çavuşoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekrem_%C3%87elebi" title="Ekrem Çelebi">Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_%C3%87elik" title="Ömer Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%87elik" title="Hüseyin Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Ali_%C3%87elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Ali Çelik (page does not exist)">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_%C3%87elik" title="Faruk Çelik">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Necati_%C3%87etinkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Necati Çetinkaya (page does not exist)">Çetinkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemil_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek" title="Cemil Çiçek">Çiçek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih_%C3%87iftci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih Çiftci (page does not exist)">Çiftci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Berat_%C3%87onkar" title="Ahmet Berat Çonkar">Çonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temel_Co%C5%9Fkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temel Coşkun (page does not exist)">Coşkun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamza_Da%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamza Dağ (page does not exist)">Dağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazilet_Da%C4%9Fc%C4%B1_%C3%87%C4%B1%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazilet Dağcı Çığlık (page does not exist)">Dağcı Çığlık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkan_Da%C4%9Fo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Türkan Dağoğlu (page does not exist)">Dağoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Salih_Dal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Salih Dal (page does not exist)">Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nurcan_Dalbudak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nurcan Dalbudak (page does not exist)">Dalbudak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BClay_Dalyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gülay Dalyan (page does not exist)">Dalyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Dani%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Daniş (page does not exist)">Daniş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Davutoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alev_Dedegil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alev Dedegil (page does not exist)">Dedegil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemal_Y%C4%B1lmaz_Demir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemal Yılmaz Demir (page does not exist)">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Demir" title="Mustafa Demir">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%BClf%C3%BC_Demirba%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zülfü Demirbağ (page does not exist)">Demirbağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afif_Demirk%C4%B1ran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afif Demirkıran (page does not exist)">Demirkıran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedat_Demir%C3%B6z" title="Vedat Demiröz">Demiröz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reha_Deneme%C3%A7" title="Reha Denemeç">Denemeç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lknur_Denizli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlknur Denizli (page does not exist)">Denizli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Din%C3%A7er" title="Ömer Dinçer">Dinçer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Emin_Dindar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Emin Dindar (page does not exist)">Dindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eaban_Di%C5%9Fli" title="Şaban Dişli">Dişli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Doma%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Domaç (page does not exist)">Domaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker" title="Mehmet Mehdi Eker">Eker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Elita%C5%9F" title="Mustafa Elitaş">Elitaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Elvan" title="Lütfi Elvan">Elvan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Galip_Ensario%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Galip Ensarioğlu (page does not exist)">Ensarioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Erco%C5%9Fkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Ercoşkun (page does not exist)">Ercoşkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Erdem" title="Mehmet Erdem">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekrem_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekrem Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avni_Erdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avni Erdemir (page does not exist)">Erdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Erdin%C3%A7" title="Mehmet Şükrü Erdinç">Erdinç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cevdet_Erd%C3%B6l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cevdet Erdöl (page does not exist)">Erdöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin" title="Sadullah Ergin">Ergin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erg%C3%BCn" title="Nihat Ergün">Ergün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BClin_Erkal_Kara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tülin Erkal Kara (page does not exist)">Erkal Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veysel_Ero%C4%9Flu" title="Veysel Eroğlu">Eroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCrsoy_Erol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gürsoy Erol (page does not exist)">Erol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oya_Eronat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oya Eronat (page does not exist)">Eronat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ersoy" title="Mehmet Ersoy">Ersoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Haldun_Ert%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Haldun Ertürk (page does not exist)">Ertürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyit_Eyy%C3%BCpo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyit Eyyüpoğlu (page does not exist)">Eyyüpoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Erdal_Feralan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Erdal Feralan (page does not exist)">Feralan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Filiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Filiz (page does not exist)">Filiz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_M%C3%BCcahit_F%C4%B1nd%C4%B1kl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Mücahit Fındıklı (page does not exist)">Fındıklı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_F%C4%B1rat" title="Salih Fırat">Fırat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Gedikli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Gedikli (page does not exist)">Gedikli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Geldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Geldi (page does not exist)">Geldi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebubekir_Gizligider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebubekir Gizligider (page does not exist)">Gizligider</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulkerim_G%C3%B6k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulkerim Gök (page does not exist)">Gök</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murat_G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murat Göktürk (page does not exist)">Göktürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Vecdi Gönül">Gönül</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azize_Sibel_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azize Sibel Gönül (page does not exist)">Gönül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammer_G%C3%BCler" title="Muammer Güler">Güler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_G%C3%BCll%C3%BCce" title="İdris Güllüce">Güllüce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Kas%C4%B1m_G%C3%BClp%C4%B1nar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Kasım Gülpınar (page does not exist)">Gülpınar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_G%C3%B6khan_G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Gökhan Gülşen (page does not exist)">Gülşen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelin_G%C3%BCnde%C5%9F_Bak%C4%B1r" title="Pelin Gündeş Bakır">Gündeş Bakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Güneş (page does not exist)">Güneş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fato%C5%9F_G%C3%BCrkan" title="Fatoş Gürkan">Gürkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eenol_G%C3%BCr%C5%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şenol Gürşan (page does not exist)">Gürşan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1tk%C4%B1_G%C3%BCven%C3%A7" title="Sıtkı Güvenç">Güvenç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Clker_G%C3%BCzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ülker Güzel (page does not exist)">Güzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Hamarat" title="Mustafa Hamarat">Hamarat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_S%C3%BCleyman_Hamzao%C4%9Fullar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Süleyman Hamzaoğulları (page does not exist)">Hamzaoğulları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuma_%C4%B0%C3%A7ten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuma İçten (page does not exist)">İçten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halide_%C4%B0ncekara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halide İncekara (page does not exist)">İncekara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lknur_%C4%B0nce%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlknur İnceöz (page does not exist)">İnceöz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haluk_%C4%B0pek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haluk İpek (page does not exist)">İpek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fikri_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Fikri Işık">Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faruk_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faruk Işık (page does not exist)">Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fenur_%C4%B0slam" title="Ayşenur İslam">İslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emrullah_%C4%B0%C5%9Fler" title="Emrullah İşler">İşler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C4%B0yimaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet İyimaya (page does not exist)">İyimaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Kabakc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Kabakcı (page does not exist)">Kabakcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Ka%C3%A7ar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Kaçar (page does not exist)">Kaçar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cnal_Kac%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ünal Kacır (page does not exist)">Kacır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Kahveci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Kahveci (page does not exist)">Kahveci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salih_Kapusuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salih Kapusuz (page does not exist)">Kapusuz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harun_Karaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harun Karaca (page does not exist)">Karaca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebahattin_Karakelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebahattin Karakelle (page does not exist)">Karakelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuat_Karaku%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuat Karakuş (page does not exist)">Karakuş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Karal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Karal (page does not exist)">Karal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Karasayar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Karasayar (page does not exist)">Karasayar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%C5%9Far_Karayel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaşar Karayel (page does not exist)">Karayel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Ka%C5%9Fdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Kaşdemir (page does not exist)">Kaşdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durdu_Mehmet_Kastal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durdu Mehmet Kastal (page does not exist)">Kastal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpaslan_Kavakl%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpaslan Kavaklıoğlu (page does not exist)">Kavaklıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vural_Kavuncu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vural Kavuncu (page does not exist)">Kavuncu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erol_Kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erol Kaya (page does not exist)">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burhan_Kayat%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burhan Kayatürk (page does not exist)">Kayatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BClay_Kaynarca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tülay Kaynarca (page does not exist)">Kaynarca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zelkif_Kazdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zelkif Kazdal (page does not exist)">Kazdal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahit_Kiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahit Kiler (page does not exist)">Kiler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Fehmi_Kinay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Fehmi Kinay (page does not exist)">Kinay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunus_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yunus Kılıç (page does not exist)">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akif_%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Akif Çağatay Kılıç">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suat_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Suat Kılıç">Kılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_G%C3%BCltekin_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1n%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Gültekin Kılınç (page does not exist)">Kılınç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0srafil_K%C4%B1%C5%9Fla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsrafil Kışla (page does not exist)">Kışla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feyzullah_K%C4%B1y%C4%B1kl%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feyzullah Kıyıklık (page does not exist)">Kıyıklık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salih_Koca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salih Koca (page does not exist)">Koca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Nejat_Ko%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Nejat Koçer (page does not exist)">Koçer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C4%9Fuz_Ka%C4%9Fan_K%C3%B6ksal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oğuz Kağan Köksal (page does not exist)">Köksal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Korkmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Korkmaz (page does not exist)">Korkmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakk%C4%B1_K%C3%B6yl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkı Köylü (page does not exist)">Köylü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Do%C4%9Fan_Kubat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Doğan Kubat (page does not exist)">Kubat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCkayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Küçükaydın (page does not exist)">Küçükaydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_K%C3%BCl%C3%BCnk" title="Metin Külünk">Külünk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fehmi_K%C3%BCp%C3%A7%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fehmi Küpçü (page does not exist)">Küpçü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Kuzu" title="Burhan Kuzu">Kuzu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_L%C3%B6k_Beyaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mine Lök Beyaz (page does not exist)">Lök Beyaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammet_Bilal_Macit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammet Bilal Macit (page does not exist)">Macit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96nder_Matl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Önder Matlı (page does not exist)">Matlı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Halil_Maz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Halil Mazıcıoğlu (page does not exist)">Mazıcıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesude_Nursuna_Memecan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesude Nursuna Memecan (page does not exist)">Memecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Metiner" title="Mehmet Metiner">Metiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_M%C3%BCezzino%C4%9Flu" title="Mehmet Müezzinoğlu">Müezzinoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Mu%C5%9F" title="Mehmet Muş">Muş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_Nebati" title="Nureddin Nebati">Nebati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Baha_%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCtken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Baha Öğütken (page does not exist)">Öğütken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87i%C4%9Fdem_M%C3%BCnevver_%C3%96kten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çiğdem Münevver Ökten (page does not exist)">Ökten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ali_Okur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ali Okur (page does not exist)">Okur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suat_%C3%96nal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suat Önal (page does not exist)">Önal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulkadir_Emin_%C3%96nen" title="Abdulkadir Emin Önen">Önen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C3%96nt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Öntürk (page does not exist)">Öntürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_%C3%96ren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Ören (page does not exist)">Ören</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen_Orhan" title="Gülşen Orhan">Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiha_%C3%96y%C3%BC%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiha Öyüş (page does not exist)">Öyüş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Faruk_%C3%96z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer Faruk Öz (page does not exist)">Öz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Naf%C4%B1z_%C3%96zak" title="Faruk Nafız Özak">Özak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BCnyamin_%C3%96zbek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bünyamin Özbek (page does not exist)">Özbek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_%C3%96zcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Özcan (page does not exist)">Özcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayram_%C3%96z%C3%A7elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayram Özçelik (page does not exist)">Özçelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel%C3%A7uk_%C3%96zda%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selçuk Özdağ (page does not exist)">Özdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziver_%C3%96zdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziver Özdemir (page does not exist)">Özdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%BCksel_%C3%96zden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yüksel Özden (page does not exist)">Özden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6kcen_%C3%96zdo%C4%9Fan_En%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gökcen Özdoğan Enç (page does not exist)">Özdoğan Enç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_%C3%96zel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Özel (page does not exist)">Özel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerim_%C3%96zkul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerim Özkul (page does not exist)">Özkul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Cemal_%C3%96ztaylan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Cemal Öztaylan (page does not exist)">Öztaylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Öztürk">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevzat_Pakdil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevzat Pakdil (page does not exist)">Pakdil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrettin_Poyraz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahrettin Poyraz (page does not exist)">Poyraz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Mehmet_Ramazano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yıldırım Mehmet Ramazanoğlu (page does not exist)">Ramazanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Safi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Safi (page does not exist)">Safi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sa%C4%9Flam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sağlam (page does not exist)">Sağlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatih_%C5%9Eahin" title="Fatih Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_%C5%9Eahin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Şahin (page does not exist)">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0dris_%C5%9Eahin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İdris Şahin (page does not exist)">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_%C5%9Eahin_(politician,_born_1970)" title="Ali Şahin (politician, born 1970)">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_%C5%9Eahin" title="Mehmet Ali Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C5%9Eahin" title="Mustafa Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%B1fat_Sait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rıfat Sait (page does not exist)">Sait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatma_Salman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatma Salman (page does not exist)">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BClay_Samanc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gülay Samancı (page does not exist)">Samancı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Samani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Samani (page does not exist)">Samani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nurdan_%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nurdan Şanlı (page does not exist)">Şanlı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oktay_Saral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oktay Saral (page does not exist)">Saral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Sar%C4%B1" title="Mehmet Sarı">Sarı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihrimah_Belma_Sat%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihrimah Belma Satır (page does not exist)">Satır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sevim_Sava%C5%9Fer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sevim Savaşer (page does not exist)">Savaşer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lyas_%C5%9Eeker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlyas Şeker (page does not exist)">Şeker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BClay_Selamo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tülay Selamoğlu (page does not exist)">Selamoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Selvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer Selvi (page does not exist)">Selvi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0hsan_%C5%9Eener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İhsan Şener (page does not exist)">Şener</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1n_%C5%9Eeng%C3%BCl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydın Şengül (page does not exist)">Şengül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C5%9Eentop" title="Mustafa Şentop">Şentop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faruk_Septio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faruk Septioğlu (page does not exist)">Septioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Kemal_%C5%9Eerbet%C3%A7io%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Kemal Şerbetçioğlu (page does not exist)">Şerbetçioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyit_Sert%C3%A7elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyit Sertçelik (page does not exist)">Sertçelik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safiye_Seymeno%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safiye Seymenoğlu (page does not exist)">Seymenoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Mehmet Şimşek">Şimşek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ertu%C4%9Frul_Soysal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ertuğrul Soysal (page does not exist)">Soysal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smet_Su&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmet Su (page does not exist)">Su</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Tamer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Tamer (page does not exist)">Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Tanr%C4%B1verdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Tanrıverdi (page does not exist)">Tanrıverdi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Fref_Ta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşref Taş (page does not exist)">Taş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adem_Tatl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adem Tatlı (page does not exist)">Tatlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eamil_Tayyar" title="Şamil Tayyar">Tayyar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Say%C4%B1m_Tekelio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Sayım Tekelioğlu (page does not exist)">Tekelioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ksal_Toptan" title="Köksal Toptan">Toptan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harun_T%C3%BCfekci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harun Tüfekci (page does not exist)">Tüfekci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_Tun%C3%A7" title="Yılmaz Tunç">Tunç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Turan" title="Bülent Turan">Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Turan" title="Ali Turan">Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ay%C5%9Fe_T%C3%BCrkmeno%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayşe Türkmenoğlu (page does not exist)">Türkmenoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hac%C4%B1_Bayram_T%C3%BCrko%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacı Bayram Türkoğlu (page does not exist)">Türkoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilal_U%C3%A7ar" title="Bilal Uçar">Uçar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_U%C3%A7ma" title="İsmet Uçma">Uçma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesrin_Ulema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesrin Ulema (page does not exist)">Ulema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zcan_Ulup%C4%B1nar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Özcan Ulupınar (page does not exist)">Ulupınar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eirin_%C3%9Cnal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şirin Ünal (page does not exist)">Ünal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahir_%C3%9Cnal" title="Mahir Ünal">Ünal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih_Han_%C3%9Cnal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih Han Ünal (page does not exist)">Ünal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_%C3%9Cn%C3%BCvar" title="Necdet Ünüvar">Ünüvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halil_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn" title="Halil Ürün">Ürün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salim_Uslu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salim Uslu (page does not exist)">Uslu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeynep_Arma%C4%9Fan_Uslu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeynep Armağan Uslu (page does not exist)">Uslu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feramuz_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feramuz Üstün (page does not exist)">Üstün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayhan_Sefer_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayhan Sefer Üstün (page does not exist)">Üstün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%9Cz%C3%BClmez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Üzülmez (page does not exist)">Üzülmez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Tevfik_Uzun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Tevfik Uzun (page does not exist)">Uzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sad%C4%B1k_Yakut" title="Sadık Yakut">Yakut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cengiz_Yavilio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cengiz Yavilioğlu (page does not exist)">Yavilioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C4%B0hsan_Yavuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali İhsan Yavuz (page does not exist)">Yavuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayati_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Hayati Yazıcı">Yazıcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Yeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Yeni (page does not exist)">Yeni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lhan_Yerlikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlhan Yerlikaya (page does not exist)">Yerlikaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adem_Ye%C5%9Fildal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adem Yeşildal (page does not exist)">Yeşildal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammed_Murtaza_Yeti%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammed Murtaza Yetiş (page does not exist)">Yetiş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Yi%C4%9Fit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Yiğit (page does not exist)">Yiğit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bedrettin_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bedrettin Yıldırım (page does not exist)">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murat_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murat Yıldırım (politician) (page does not exist)">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Kerim_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Kerim Yıldız (page does not exist)">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taner_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Taner Yıldız">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cevdet Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Adnan Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="İsmet Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Y%C3%BCksel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Yüksel">Yüksel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilek_Y%C3%BCksel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilek Yüksel (page does not exist)">Yüksel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_Yurtta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Yurttaş (page does not exist)">Yurttaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Zeybekci" title="Nihat Zeybekci">Zeybekci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cem_Zorlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cem Zorlu (page does not exist)">Zorlu</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_(T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_%28T%C3%BCrkiye_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Millet_Meclisi%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP – 125)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCrkut_Acar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gürkut Acar (page does not exist)">Acar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veli_A%C4%9Fbaba" title="Veli Ağbaba">Ağbaba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilek_Akag%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilek Akagün (page does not exist)">Akagün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydar_Akar" title="Haydar Akar">Akar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Akg%C3%B6l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Akgöl (page does not exist)">Akgöl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabahat_Akkiray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabahat Akkiray (page does not exist)">Akkiray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ay%C5%9Fe_Nedret_Akova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayşe Nedret Akova (page does not exist)">Akova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdal_Aks%C3%BCnger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdal Aksünger (page does not exist)">Aksünger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_S%C3%BCha_Aldan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ömer Süha Aldan (page does not exist)">Aldan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engin_Altay" title="Engin Altay">Altay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aytu%C4%9F_At%C4%B1c%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aytuğ Atıcı (page does not exist)">Atıcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_Sencer_Ayata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Sencer Ayata (page does not exist)">Ayata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1n_A%C4%9Fan_Ayayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydın Ağan Ayaydın (page does not exist)">Ayaydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Ayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Aydın (page does not exist)">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinan_Ayd%C4%B1n_Ayg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinan Aydın Aygün (page does not exist)">Aygün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_Ayg%C3%BCn" title="Hüseyin Aygün">Aygün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Ali_Balbay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Ali Balbay (page does not exist)">Balbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_L%C3%BCtfi_Baydar" title="Metin Lütfi Baydar">Baydar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Baykal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U%C4%9Fur_Bayraktutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uğur Bayraktutan (page does not exist)">Bayraktutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fe_G%C3%BCls%C3%BCn_Bilgehan" title="Ayşe Gülsün Bilgehan">Bilgehan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arif_Bulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arif Bulut (page does not exist)">Bulut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_%C3%87am&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa Çam (page does not exist)">Çam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Volkan_Canalio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Volkan Canalioğlu (page does not exist)">Canalioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolga_%C3%87andar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolga Çandar (page does not exist)">Çandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zzet_%C3%87etin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İzzet Çetin (page does not exist)">Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhan_Cihaner" title="İlhan Cihaner">Cihaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aytun_%C3%87%C4%B1ray" title="Aytun Çıray">Çıray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ay%C5%9Fe_Eser_Dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayşe Eser Danışoğlu (page does not exist)">Danışoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_De%C4%9Firmendereli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Değirmendereli (page does not exist)">Değirmendereli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nurettin_Demir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nurettin Demir (page does not exist)">Demir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Demir%C3%A7al%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Demirçalı (page does not exist)">Demirçalı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lhan_Demir%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlhan Demiröz (page does not exist)">Demiröz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turgay_Develi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgay Develi (page does not exist)">Develi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turgut_Dibek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgut Dibek (page does not exist)">Dibek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celal_Din%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celal Dinçer (page does not exist)">Dinçer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mevl%C3%BCt_Dudu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mevlüt Dudu (page does not exist)">Dudu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_D%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan Düzgün (page does not exist)">Düzgün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ali_Edibo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ali Ediboğlu (page does not exist)">Ediboğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Ekinci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Ekinci (page does not exist)">Ekinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Oktay_Ek%C5%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Osman Oktay Ekşi">Ekşi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aykan_Erdemir" title="Aykan Erdemir">Erdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aykut_Erdo%C4%9Fdu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aykut Erdoğdu (page does not exist)">Erdoğdu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refik_Ery%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refik Eryılmaz (page does not exist)">Eryılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haluk_Eyido%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haluk Eyidoğan (page does not exist)">Eyidoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamer_Gen%C3%A7" title="Kamer Genç">Genç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levent_G%C3%B6k" title="Levent Gök">Gök</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0sa_G%C3%B6k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsa Gök (page does not exist)">Gök</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haluk_Ahmet_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haluk Ahmet Gümüş (page does not exist)">Gümüş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6khan_G%C3%BCnayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gökhan Günaydın (page does not exist)">Günaydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hur%C5%9Fit_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Hurşit Güneş">Güneş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BClya_G%C3%BCven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hülya Güven (page does not exist)">Güven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Haberal" title="Mehmet Haberal">Haberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Akif_Hamza%C3%A7ebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Akif Hamzaçebi">Hamzaçebi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nam%C4%B1k_Havut%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namık Havutça (page does not exist)">Havutça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muharrem_%C4%B0nce" title="Muharrem İnce">İnce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Işık (page does not exist)">Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sena_Kaleli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sena Kaleli (page does not exist)">Kaleli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C4%B0hsan_Kalkavan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet İhsan Kalkavan (page does not exist)">Kalkavan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Hilal_Kaplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Hilal Kaplan (page does not exist)">Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Kaptan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Kaptan (page does not exist)">Kaptan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selahattin_Karaahmeto%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selahattin Karaahmetoğlu (page does not exist)">Karaahmetoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atilla_Kart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atilla Kart (page does not exist)">Kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Keskin" class="mw-redirect" title="Adnan Keskin">Keskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Haluk_Ko%C3%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmet Haluk Koç">Koç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C4%B0hsan_K%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali İhsan Köktürk (page does not exist)">Köktürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emre_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Emre Köprülü">Köprülü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Taney_Korut%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Taney Korutürk (page does not exist)">Korutürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tufan_K%C3%B6se&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tufan Köse (page does not exist)">Köse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedef_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedef Küçük (page does not exist)">Küçük</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C5%9Eevki_Kulkulo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Şevki Kulkuloğlu (page does not exist)">Kulkuloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Ku%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Kuşoğlu (page does not exist)">Kuşoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Faruk_Lo%C4%9Fo%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Osman Faruk Loğoğlu">Loğoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Moro%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Moroğlu (page does not exist)">Moroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BCkran_G%C3%BCldal_Mumcu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şükran Güldal Mumcu (page does not exist)">Mumcu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylin_Nazl%C4%B1aka" title="Aylin Nazlıaka">Nazlıaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensar_%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensar Öğüt (page does not exist)">Öğüt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadir_G%C3%B6kmen_%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadir Gökmen Öğüt (page does not exist)">Öğüt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Haydar_%C3%96ner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Haydar Öner (page does not exist)">Öner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melda_Onur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melda Onur (page does not exist)">Onur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umut_Oran" title="Umut Oran">Oran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_%C3%96ren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Ören (page does not exist)">Ören</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C4%9Fuz_Oyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oğuz Oyan (page does not exist)">Oyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakine_%C3%96z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakine Öz (page does not exist)">Öz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durdu_%C3%96zbolat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durdu Özbolat (page does not exist)">Özbolat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanju_%C3%96zcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanju Özcan (page does not exist)">Özcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ecder_%C3%96zdemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malik Ecder Özdemir (page does not exist)">Özdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_%C3%96zel" title="Özgür Özel">Özel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cmit_%C3%96zg%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ümit Özgümüş (page does not exist)">Özgümüş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C3%96zg%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Özgündüz (page does not exist)">Özgündüz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramazan_Kerim_%C3%96zkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramazan Kerim Özkan (page does not exist)">Özkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hsan_%C3%96zkes" title="İhsan Özkes">Özkes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engin_%C3%96zko%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Engin Özkoç (page does not exist)">Özkoç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faik_%C3%96ztrak" class="mw-redirect" title="Faik Öztrak">Öztrak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_R%C4%B1za_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Rıza Öztürk (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eafak_Pavey" title="Şafak Pavey">Pavey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C4%9Fan_%C5%9Eafak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doğan Şafak (page does not exist)">Şafak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1ray_Sapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yıldıray Sapan (page does not exist)">Sapan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCslim_Sar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Müslim Sarı (page does not exist)">Sarı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Sar%C4%B1ba%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Sarıbaş (page does not exist)">Sarıbaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahap_Se%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahap Seçer (page does not exist)">Seçer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C5%9Eeker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Şeker (page does not exist)">Şeker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Serinda%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Serindağ (page does not exist)">Serindağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Nur_Serter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatma Nur Serter">Serter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Serdar_Soydan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Serdar Soydan (page does not exist)">Soydan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Ali_Susam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Ali Susam (page does not exist)">Susam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihlun_Tamayl%C4%B1gil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihlun Tamaylıgil">Tamaylıgil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmut_Tanal" title="Mahmut Tanal">Tanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sezgin_Tanr%C4%B1kulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Sezgin Tanrıkulu">Tanrıkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turhan_Tayan" title="Turhan Tayan">Tayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCrsel_Tekin" title="Gürsel Tekin">Tekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Tezcan" title="Bülent Tezcan">Tezcan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramis_Topal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramis Topal (page does not exist)">Topal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binnaz_Toprak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binnaz Toprak (page does not exist)">Toprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan_Toprak" title="Erdoğan Toprak">Toprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Topta%C5%9F" title="Ahmet Toptaş">Toptaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faik_Tunay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faik Tunay (page does not exist)">Tunay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahmi_A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n_T%C3%BCreli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahmi Aşkın Türeli (page does not exist)">Türeli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%B1za_Mahmut_T%C3%BCrmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rıza Mahmut Türmen (page does not exist)">Türmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammet_R%C4%B1za_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1nkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammet Rıza Yalçınkaya (page does not exist)">Yalçınkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0dris_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İdris Yıldız (page does not exist)">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candan_Y%C3%BCceer" title="Candan Yüceer">Yüceer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaattin_Y%C3%BCksel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaattin Yüksel (page does not exist)">Yüksel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (MHP – 52)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celal_Adan" title="Celal Adan">Adan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erkan_Ak%C3%A7ay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erkan Akçay (page does not exist)">Akçay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meral_Ak%C5%9Fener" title="Meral Akşener">Akşener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engin_Alan" title="Engin Alan">Alan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koray_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Koray Aydın">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Haluk_Ayhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emin Haluk Ayhan (page does not exist)">Ayhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Bahçeli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faruk_Bal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faruk Bal (page does not exist)">Bal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Ba%C5%9Fesgio%C4%9Flu" title="Murat Başesgioğlu">Başesgioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Belen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Belen (page does not exist)">Belen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Duran_Bulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Duran Bulut (page does not exist)">Bulut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smet_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkataman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmet Büyükataman (page does not exist)">Büyükataman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adnan_%C5%9Eefik_%C3%87irkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adnan Şefik Çirkin (page does not exist)">Çirkin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_%C3%87%C4%B1nar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emin Çınar (page does not exist)">Çınar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesut_Dedeo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesut Dedeoğlu (page does not exist)">Dedeoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhsar_Demirel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhsar Demirel (page does not exist)">Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Re%C5%9Fat_Do%C4%9Fru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reşat Doğru (page does not exist)">Doğru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadir_Durmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadir Durmaz (page does not exist)">Durmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enver_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enver Erdem (page does not exist)">Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_G%C3%BCnal" title="Mehmet Günal">Günal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hala%C3%A7o%C4%9Flu" title="Yusuf Halaçoğlu">Halaçoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Halaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Halaman (page does not exist)">Halaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_Ziya_%C4%B0rbe%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf Ziya İrbeç (page does not exist)">İrbeç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alim_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alim Işık (page does not exist)">Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Kalayc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Kalaycı (page does not exist)">Kalaycı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atila_Kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atila Kaya (page does not exist)">Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCleyman_Nevzat_Korkmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süleyman Nevzat Korkmaz (page does not exist)">Korkmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnir_Kutluata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münir Kutluata (page does not exist)">Kutluata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinan_O%C4%9Fan" title="Sinan Oğan">Oğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmer_Oral" title="Sümer Oral">Oral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C3%96z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Öz (page does not exist)">Öz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necati_%C3%96zensoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necati Özensoy (page does not exist)">Özensoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oktay_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oktay Öztürk (page does not exist)">Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9Eand%C4%B1r" title="Mehmet Şandır">Şandır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahattin_%C5%9Eeker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahattin Şeker (page does not exist)">Şeker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemalettin_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemalettin Şimşek (page does not exist)">Şimşek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Kenan_Tanr%C4%B1kulu" title="Ahmet Kenan Tanrıkulu">Tanrıkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%BChal_Topcu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zühal Topcu (page does not exist)">Topcu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durmu%C5%9Fali_Torlak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durmuşali Torlak (page does not exist)">Torlak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunca_Toskay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunca Toskay (page does not exist)">Toskay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Tu%C4%9Frul_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş">Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BCtf%C3%BC_T%C3%BCrkkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lütfü Türkkan (page does not exist)">Türkkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_H%C3%BCseyin_T%C3%BCrko%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Hüseyin Türkoğlu (page does not exist)">Türkoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Uzun%C4%B1rmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Uzunırmak (page does not exist)">Uzunırmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muharrem_Varl%C4%B1" title="Muharrem Varlı">Varlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktay_Vural" title="Oktay Vural">Vural</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edip_Semih_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edip Semih Yalçın (page does not exist)">Yalçın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zcan_Yeni%C3%A7eri" title="Özcan Yeniçeri">Yeniçeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyfettin_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Seyfettin Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemalettin_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemalettin Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">Peoples' Democratic Party</a> (HDP – 29)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_Akat_Ata" title="Ayla Akat Ata">Akat Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_Aksoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Aksoy (page does not exist)">Aksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Akta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Aktaş (page does not exist)">Aktaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursel_Aydo%C4%9Fan" title="Nursel Aydoğan">Aydoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Ayhan" title="İbrahim Ayhan">Ayhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_Baluken" title="İdris Baluken">Baluken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Binici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Binici (page does not exist)">Binici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BClkiye_Birtane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mülkiye Birtane (page does not exist)">Birtane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervin_Buldan" title="Pervin Buldan">Buldan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esat_Canan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esat Canan (page does not exist)">Canan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demir_%C3%87elik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demir Çelik (page does not exist)">Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Demirta%C5%9F" title="Selahattin Demirtaş">Demirtaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erol_Dora" title="Erol Dora">Dora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazmi_G%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazmi Gür (page does not exist)">Gür</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Irmak" title="Selma Irmak">Irmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasip_Kaplan" title="Hasip Kaplan">Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_K%C3%BCrkc%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ertuğrul Kürkcü">Kürkcü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_S%C3%BCreyya_%C3%96nder" title="Sırrı Süreyya Önder">Önder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faysal_Sar%C4%B1y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Faysal Sarıyıldız">Sarıyıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altan_Tan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altan Tan (page does not exist)">Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aysel_Tu%C4%9Fluk" title="Aysel Tuğluk">Tuğluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebahat_Tuncel" title="Sebahat Tuncel">Tuncel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Levent_T%C3%BCzel" title="Abdullah Levent Tüzel">Tüzel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zdal_%C3%9C%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Özdal Üçer (page does not exist)">Üçer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClser_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Gülser Yıldırım">Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengi_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Bengi Yıldız">Yıldız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyla_Zana" title="Leyla Zana">Zana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCsamettin_Zenderlio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüsamettin Zenderlioğlu (page does not exist)">Zenderlioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adil_Zozani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adil Zozani (page does not exist)">Zozani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birg%C3%BCl_Ayman_G%C3%BCler" title="Birgül Ayman Güler">Ayman Güler</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_Bal" title="İdris Bal">Bal</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0hsan_Barut%C3%A7u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İhsan Barutçu (page does not exist)">Barutçu</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bedii_S%C3%BCheyl_Batum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bedii Süheyl Batum (page does not exist)">Batum</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammed_%C3%87etin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammed Çetin (page does not exist)">Çetin</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_G%C3%BCnay" title="Ertuğrul Günay">Günay</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhan_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbilen" title="İlhan İşbilen">İşbilen</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdal_Kalkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdal Kalkan (page does not exist)">Kalkan</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C3%96ks%C3%BCzkaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Öksüzkaya (page does not exist)">Öksüzkaya</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazmi_Haluk_%C3%96zdalga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazmi Haluk Özdalga (page does not exist)">Özdalga</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakan_%C5%9E%C3%BCk%C3%BCr" title="Hakan Şükür">Şükür</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Kutalm%C4%B1%C5%9F_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Kutalmış Türkeş (page does not exist)">Türkeş</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Hami_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Hami Yıldırım (page does not exist)">Yıldırım</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emine_%C3%9Clker_Tarhan" title="Emine Ülker Tarhan">Tarhan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anatolia_Party" title="Anatolia Party">AnaParti</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emine_Ayna" title="Emine Ayna">Ayna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Regions_Party" title="Democratic Regions Party">DBP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Emrehan_Hal%C4%B1c%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Emrehan Halıcı (page does not exist)">Halıcı</a> (<a href="/wiki/Electronic_Democracy_Party" title="Electronic Democracy Party">e-Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ercan_Cengiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ercan Cengiz (page does not exist)">Cengiz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Turkey)" title="Centre Party (Turkey)">MEP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0dris_Naim_%C5%9Eahin" title="İdris Naim Şahin">Şahin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nation_and_Justice_Party" title="Nation and Justice Party">MİLAD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership ended prematurely</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferit_Mevl%C3%BCt_Aslano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferit Mevlüt Aslanoğlu (page does not exist)">Aslanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Bozlak" title="Murat Bozlak">Bozlak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harun_%C3%87ak%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harun Çakır (page does not exist)">Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eerafettin_El%C3%A7i" title="Şerafettin Elçi">Elçi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_G%C3%BCrkan" title="Recep Gürkan">Gürkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Siyam_Kesimo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Siyam Kesimoğlu (page does not exist)">Kesimoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCltan_K%C4%B1%C5%9Fanak" title="Gültan Kışanak">Kışanak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaz%C4%B1m_Kurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazım Kurt (page does not exist)">Kurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_Sak%C4%B1k" title="Sırrı Sakık">Sakık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_%C5%9Eahin" title="Fatma Şahin">Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menderes_T%C3%BCrel" title="Menderes Türel">Türel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_T%C3%BCrk" title="Ahmet Türk">Türk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Edip_U%C4%9Fur" title="Ahmet Edip Uğur">Uğur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enver_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enver Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Yılmaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_24th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="Category:Members of the 24th Parliament of Turkey">Category:Members of the 24th Parliament of Turkey</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mayors_of_Istanbul" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayors_of_Istanbul" title="Template:Mayors of Istanbul"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mayors_of_Istanbul" title="Template talk:Mayors of Istanbul"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors_of_Istanbul" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors of Istanbul"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayors_of_Istanbul" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul" title="List of mayors of Istanbul">Mayors of</a> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Province Governors (1924–1960)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haydar_Yulu%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haydar Yuluğ (page does not exist)">Haydar Yuluğ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Erkul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emin Erkul (page does not exist)">Emin Erkul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhittin_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCnda%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhittin Üstündağ (page does not exist)">Muhittin Üstündağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_K%C4%B1rdar" title="Lütfi Kırdar">Lütfi Kırdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Kerim_G%C3%B6kay" title="Fahrettin Kerim Gökay">Fahrettin Kerim Gökay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Had%C4%B1ml%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Hadımlı (page does not exist)">Kemal Hadımlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCmtaz_Tarhan" title="Mümtaz Tarhan">Mümtaz Tarhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethem_Yetkiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethem Yetkiner (page does not exist)">Ethem Yetkiner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Ayg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Aygün (page does not exist)">Kemal Aygün</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military-appointed (1960–1963)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refik_Tulga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refik Tulga (page does not exist)">Refik Tulga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eefik_Erensu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şefik Erensu (page does not exist)">Şefik Erensu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turan_Ertu%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turan Ertuğ (page does not exist)">Turan Ertuğ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadri_%C4%B0lkay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadri İlkay (page does not exist)">Kadri İlkay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamuran_G%C3%B6rg%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamuran Görgün (page does not exist)">Kamuran Görgün</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niyazi_Ak%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niyazi Akı (page does not exist)">Niyazi Akı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_U%C4%9Fur" title="Necdet Uğur">Necdet Uğur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected (1963–1980)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C5%9Fim_%C4%B0%C5%9Fcan" title="Haşim İşcan">Haşim İşcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Ilgaz" title="Faruk Ilgaz">Faruk Ilgaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahri_Atabey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahri Atabey (page does not exist)">Fahri Atabey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_%C4%B0svan" title="Ahmet İsvan">Ahmet İsvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aytekin_Kotil" title="Aytekin Kotil">Aytekin Kotil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military-appointed (1980–1984)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C4%B1_Akansel" title="Hakkı Akansel">Hakkı Akansel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecmel_Kutay" title="Ecmel Kutay">Ecmel Kutay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_T%C4%B1rt%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Tırtıl (page does not exist)">Abdullah Tırtıl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greater Istanbul (1984 to date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedrettin_Dalan" title="Bedrettin Dalan">Bedrettin Dalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_S%C3%B6zen" title="Nurettin Sözen">Nurettin Sözen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_M%C3%BCfit_G%C3%BCrtuna" title="Ali Müfit Gürtuna">Ali Müfit Gürtuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadir_Topba%C5%9F" title="Kadir Topbaş">Kadir Topbaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_Uysal" title="Mevlüt Uysal">Mevlüt Uysal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekrem_%C4%B0mamo%C4%9Flu" title="Ekrem İmamoğlu">Ekrem İmamoğlu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Template talk:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="History of Nagorno-Karabakh">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Azerbaijanis_from_Armenia" title="Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia">Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_movement" title="Karabakh movement">Karabakh movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miatsum" title="Miatsum">Miatsum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Armenians in Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Baku" title="Armenians in Baku">Armenians in Baku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Azerbaijanis in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan">Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_relations" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan relations">Armenia–Azerbaijan relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First war</a> (1988–1994)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ardaql%C4%B1,_Shamkir#Deportation_of_the_Armenian_population" title="Çardaqlı, Shamkir">Çardaqlı clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askeran_clash" title="Askeran clash">Askeran clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumgait_pogrom" title="Sumgait pogrom">Sumgait pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugark_pogrom" title="Gugark pogrom">Gugark pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_Airport_clash" title="Zvartnots Airport clash">Zvartnots Airport clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_violence_in_Shusha_and_Stepanakert" title="1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert">Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovabad_pogrom" title="Kirovabad pogrom">Kirovabad pogrom</a></li> <li>Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku_pogrom" title="Baku pogrom">Baku pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fanis_Ayrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bağanis Ayrum">Bağanis Ayrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Tbilisi%E2%80%93Agdam_bus_bombing" title="1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing">1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ring" title="Operation Ring">Operation Ring</a></li> <li>Voskepar massacre</li> <li>Battle of Togh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown" title="1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown">1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_on_Abolishment_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast">Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Stepanakert" title="Siege of Stepanakert">Siege of Stepanakert</a></li> <li>Operation Dashalty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown" title="1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown">1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gushchular_and_Malibeyli" title="Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli">Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Garadaghly" title="Capture of Garadaghly">Capture of Garadaghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly_massacre" title="Khojaly massacre">Khojaly massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraga_massacre" title="Maraga massacre">Maraga massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(1992)" title="Battle of Shusha (1992)">Capture of Shusha</a></li> <li>Capture of Artsvashen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Goranboy" title="Operation Goranboy">Operation Goranboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardakert_and_Martuni_Offensives" title="Mardakert and Martuni Offensives">Mardakert and Martuni Offensives</a></li> <li>Operation Həsənqaya</li> <li>Battle of Lachin</li> <li>Operation Qazançı</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Azerbaijani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état">1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalbajar" title="Battle of Kalbajar">Battle of Kalbajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aghdam" title="Battle of Aghdam">Battle of Aghdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Summer_Offensives" title="1993 Summer Offensives">1993 Summer Offensives</a></li> <li>Operation Geghamasar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Horadiz" title="Operation Horadiz">Operation Horadiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kalbajar" title="Operation Kalbajar">Operation Kalbajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Baku_Metro_bombings" title="1994 Baku Metro bombings">1994 Baku Metro bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Iranian_Air_Force_C-130_shootdown" title="1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown">1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bagratashen_bombing" title="1994 Bagratashen bombing">1994 Bagratashen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Azerbaijan" title="Refugees in Azerbaijan">Refugees in Azerbaijan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interwar clashes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mardakert_clashes" title="2008 Mardakert clashes">2008 Mardakert clashes</a></li> <li>January 2009 Agdam military incident</li> <li>September 2009 Agdam military incident</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nagorno-Karabakh_clashes" title="2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes">2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Mardakert_clashes" title="2010 Mardakert clashes">2010 Mardakert clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_border_clashes" title="2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes">2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Armenian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown</a></li> <li>2016 Odundağ clashes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a></li> <li>2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_shelling_of_Alxanl%C4%B1" title="2017 shelling of Alxanlı">Shelling of Alxanlı</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a></li> <li>2019 clash near Chinari</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="Incidents during the July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">Incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2020 Azerbaijani protests">Protests in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">Reactions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second war</a> (2020)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Timeline of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Casualties of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="International reactions to the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Allegations of third-party involvement in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Allegations of third-party involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagiz_offensive" title="Madagiz offensive">Madagiz offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aras_Valley_campaign" title="Aras Valley campaign">Aras Valley campaign</a></li> <li>Bombardments (<a href="/wiki/2020_Barda_missile_attacks" title="2020 Barda missile attacks">Barda</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_Ganja_missile_attacks" title="2020 Ganja missile attacks">Ganja</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_Ghazanchetsots_Cathedral_shelling" title="2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling">Ghazanchetsots Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Martuni" title="2020 bombardment of Martuni">Martuni</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Stepanakert" title="2020 bombardment of Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Tartar" title="Bombardment of Tartar">Tartar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hadrut" title="Battle of Hadrut">Battle of Hadrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_offensive" title="Lachin offensive">Lachin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(2020)" title="Battle of Shusha (2020)">Battle of Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_prisoners_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Armenian prisoners of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Treatment of Armenian POWs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-ceasefire events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%27s_construction_in_areas_gained_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Azerbaijan's construction in areas gained in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Armenian_protests" title="2020–2021 Armenian protests">2020–2021 Armenian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh#2020" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Border crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_clashes" title="September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes">September 2022 escalation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuzluq_explosion" title="Susuzluq explosion">Susuzluq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh#2021" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farukh#History" title="Farukh">Farukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Armenian_protests" title="2022 Armenian protests">2022 Armenian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh">Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh">2023 Azerbaijani offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Armenian_protests" title="2023 Armenian protests">Protests in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians" title="Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians">Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkadzor_fuel_depot_explosion" title="Berkadzor fuel depot explosion">Berkadzor fuel depot explosion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh">Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askeran_Province" title="Askeran Province">Askeran Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrut_Province" title="Hadrut Province">Hadrut Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashatagh_Province" title="Kashatagh Province">Kashatagh Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martakert_Province" title="Martakert Province">Martakert Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuni_Province" title="Martuni Province">Martuni Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahumyan_Province" title="Shahumyan Province">Shahumyan Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushi_Province" title="Shushi Province">Shushi Province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian-occupied_territories_surrounding_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh">Armenian-occupied territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghdam_District" title="Aghdam District">Aghdam District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzuli_District" title="Fuzuli District">Fuzuli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabrayil_District" title="Jabrayil District">Jabrayil District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalbajar_District" title="Kalbajar District">Kalbajar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_District" title="Lachin District">Lachin District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_corridor" title="Lachin corridor">Lachin corridor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubadli_District" title="Qubadli District">Qubadli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangilan_District" title="Zangilan District">Zangilan District</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan" title="Levon Ter-Petrosyan">Levon Ter-Petrosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan" title="Serzh Sargsyan">Serzh Sargsyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Nikol Pashinyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Mkrtchyan" title="Artur Mkrtchyan">Artur Mkrtchyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Petrosyan" title="Leonard Petrosyan">Leonard Petrosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Ghukasyan" title="Arkadi Ghukasyan">Arkadi Ghukasyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bako_Sahakyan" title="Bako Sahakyan">Bako Sahakyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arayik_Harutyunyan" title="Arayik Harutyunyan">Arayik Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvel_Shahramanyan" title="Samvel Shahramanyan">Samvel Shahramanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayaz_Mutallibov" title="Ayaz Mutallibov">Ayaz Mutallibov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abulfaz_Elchibey" title="Abulfaz Elchibey">Abulfaz Elchibey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Community_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh">Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayram_Safarov" title="Bayram Safarov">Bayram Safarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Bahmanov" title="Nizami Bahmanov">Nizami Bahmanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tural_Ganjaliyev" title="Tural Ganjaliyev">Tural Ganjaliyev</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan" title="Vazgen Sargsyan">Vazgen Sargsyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgen_Dalibaltayan" title="Gurgen Dalibaltayan">Gurgen Dalibaltayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norat_Ter-Grigoryants" title="Norat Ter-Grigoryants">Norat Ter-Grigoryants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirair_Sefilian" title="Jirair Sefilian">Jirair Sefilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiran_Khachatryan" title="Tiran Khachatryan">Tiran Khachatryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyran_Ohanyan" title="Seyran Ohanyan">Seyran Ohanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samvel_Babayan" title="Samvel Babayan">Samvel Babayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristapor_Ivanyan" title="Kristapor Ivanyan">Kristapor Ivanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkady_Ter-Tadevosyan" title="Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan">Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Melkonian" title="Monte Melkonian">Monte Melkonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Harutyunyan" title="Jalal Harutyunyan">Jalal Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Arzumanyan" title="Mikael Arzumanyan">Mikael Arzumanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isgandar_Hamidov" title="Isgandar Hamidov">Isgandar Hamidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim_Gaziyev" title="Rahim Gaziyev">Rahim Gaziyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Huseynov" title="Surat Huseynov">Surat Huseynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeh_Barshadly" title="Valeh Barshadly">Valeh Barshadly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mais_Barkhudarov" title="Mais Barkhudarov">Mais Barkhudarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_Mirzayev" title="Hikmat Mirzayev">Hikmat Mirzayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_Hasanov" title="Hikmat Hasanov">Hikmat Hasanov</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Polyanichko" title="Viktor Polyanichko">Viktor Polyanichko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Grachev" title="Pavel Grachev">Pavel Grachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shamil_Basayev" title="Shamil Basayev">Shamil Basayev</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar" title="Gulbuddin Hekmatyar">Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_rules" title="Baker rules">Baker rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishkek_Protocol" title="Bishkek Protocol">Bishkek Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Tehran Communiqué">Tehran Communiqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheleznovodsk_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Zheleznovodsk Communiqué">Zheleznovodsk Communiqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group" title="OSCE Minsk Group">OSCE Minsk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Process_(Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_negotiations)" title="Prague Process (Armenian–Azerbaijani negotiations)">Prague Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Principles" title="Madrid Principles">Madrid Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2020 ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li>2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia" title="OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia">OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Capacity_to_Armenia" title="European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia">EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Planning_Assistance_Team_in_Armenia" title="EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia">EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Mission_in_Armenia" title="European Union Mission in Armenia">EUMA Feb 2023–present</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2023 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2023 ceasefire agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Declaration" title="Astrakhan Declaration">Astrakhan Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Declaration" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration">Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Lisbon_Summit_Declaration" title="NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration">NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Resolution 10/37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_Resolution_1416_(2005)" title="Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 1416 (2005)">PACE Resolution 1416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_Resolution_2085_(2016)" title="Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 2085 (2016)">PACE Resolution 2085</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_48/114" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 48/114">UNGA Resolution 48/114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_60/285" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/285">UNGA Resolution 60/285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_62/243" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/243">UNGA Resolution 62/243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">UNSC resolutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_822" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 822">822</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_853" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_874" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 874">874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_884" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 884">884</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Party_leaders_in_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey" title="Template:Party Leaders in Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey" title="Template talk:Party Leaders in Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Party Leaders in Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Party_leaders_in_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_party_leaders_in_Turkey" title="List of party leaders in Turkey">Party leaders in Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talaat_Pasha" title="Talaat Pasha">Talaat Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Karabekir" title="Kâzım Karabekir">Kâzım Karabekir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_Demira%C4%9F" title="Nuri Demirağ">Nuri Demirağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmet_Bayur" title="Hikmet Bayur">Hikmet Bayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Osman Bölükbaşı">Osman Bölükbaşı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekrem_Hayri_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCnda%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ (page does not exist)">Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fevzi_L%C3%BCtfi_Karaosmano%C4%9Flu" title="Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu">Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–80</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekrem_Alican" title="Ekrem Alican">Ekrem Alican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag%C4%B1p_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fpala" title="Ragıp Gümüşpala">Ragıp Gümüşpala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_O%C4%9Fuz_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Oğuz (politician) (page does not exist)">Ahmet Oğuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Aybar" title="Mehmet Ali Aybar">Mehmet Ali Aybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş">Alparslan Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turhan_Feyzio%C4%9Flu" title="Turhan Feyzioğlu">Turhan Feyzioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Balan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Balan (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Timisi" title="Mustafa Timisi">Mustafa Timisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruh_Bozbeyli" title="Ferruh Bozbeyli">Ferruh Bozbeyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behice_Boran" title="Behice Boran">Behice Boran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sat%C4%B1r" title="Kemal Satır">Kemal Satır</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turgut_Sunalp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgut Sunalp (page does not exist)">Turgut Sunalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_Calp" title="Necdet Calp">Necdet Calp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Nusret_Tuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Nusret Tuna (page does not exist)">Ahmet Nusret Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezmi_Kartay" title="Cezmi Kartay">Cezmi Kartay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Avc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yıldırım Avcı (page does not exist)">Yıldırım Avcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Tekdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Tekdal (page does not exist)">Ahmet Tekdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsamettin_Cindoruk" title="Hüsamettin Cindoruk">Hüsamettin Cindoruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n_G%C3%BCven_G%C3%BCrkan" title="Aydın Güven Gürkan">Aydın Güven Gürkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Clk%C3%BC_S%C3%B6ylemezo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ülkü Söylemezoğlu (page does not exist)">Ülkü Söylemezoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah%C5%9Fan_Ecevit" title="Rahşan Ecevit">Rahşan Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Yazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yazar (page does not exist)">Mehmet Yazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_Karababa" title="Necdet Karababa">Necdet Karababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Doğu Perinçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Karayal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Murat Karayalçın">Murat Karayalçın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmet_%C3%87etin" title="Hikmet Çetin">Hikmet Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recai_Kutan" title="Recai Kutan">Recai Kutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altan_%C3%96ymen" title="Altan Öymen">Altan Öymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_T%C3%BCrk" title="Ahmet Türk">Ahmet Türk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Cem_%C4%B0pek%C3%A7i" class="mw-redirect" title="İsmail Cem İpekçi">İsmail Cem İpekçi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Sezer" title="Zeki Sezer">Zeki Sezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Nuri_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk" title="Yaşar Nuri Öztürk">Yaşar Nuri Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masum_T%C3%BCrker" title="Masum Türker">Masum Türker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Soylu" title="Süleyman Soylu">Süleyman Soylu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numan_Kurtulmu%C5%9F" title="Numan Kurtulmuş">Numan Kurtulmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Demirta%C5%9F" title="Selahattin Demirtaş">Selahattin Demirtaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temel_Karamollao%C4%9Flu" title="Temel Karamollaoğlu">Temel Karamollaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meral_Ak%C5%9Fener" title="Meral Akşener">Meral Akşener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatih_Erbakan" title="Fatih Erbakan">Fatih Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muharrem_%C4%B0nce" title="Muharrem İnce">Muharrem İnce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_%C3%96zda%C4%9F" title="Ümit Özdağ">Ümit Özdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_%C3%96zel" title="Özgür Özel">Özgür Özel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/17169497172397591158">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8159999710530112328">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/461852/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtXb4dvhD8xxJtpcJdCwC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128643161">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001030279">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb170704162">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21836360">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/890e107c-25d1-4185-a0ca-cd47667da2e2">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd128643161.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/128643161">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079734529">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan&oldid=1259262191">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan&oldid=1259262191</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1954_births" title="Category:1954 births">1954 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_presidents_of_Turkey" title="Category:21st-century presidents of Turkey">21st-century presidents of Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="Category:21st-century prime ministers of Turkey">21st-century prime ministers of Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Category:Anti-Western sentiment">Anti-Western sentiment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chairmen_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Category:Chairmen of the Organization of Turkic States">Chairmen of the Organization of Turkic States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deniers_of_the_Armenian_genocide" title="Category:Deniers of the Armenian genocide">Deniers of the Armenian genocide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputies_of_Istanbul" title="Category:Deputies of 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