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</li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87" title="حزب الرفاه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب الرفاه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifah_Partiyas%C4%B1" title="Rifah Partiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rifah Partiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Партия на благоденствието – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Партия на благоденствието" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refah_Partisi" title="Refah Partisi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Refah Partisi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refah_Partisi" title="Refah Partisi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Refah Partisi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κόμμα Ευημερίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμμα Ευημερίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_del_Bienestar" title="Partido del Bienestar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido del Bienestar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_de_la_prosp%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_(Turquie)" title="Parti de la prospérité (Turquie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti de la prospérité (Turquie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Refah" title="Partai Refah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Refah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_del_Benessere" title="Partito del Benessere – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito del Benessere" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Sejahtera" title="Parti Sejahtera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Sejahtera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welvaartspartij_(Turkije)" title="Welvaartspartij (Turkije) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Welvaartspartij (Turkije)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%89%E5%85%9A_(%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3)" title="福祉党 (トルコ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="福祉党 (トルコ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Партия благоденствия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Партия благоденствия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refah_Partisi" title="Refah Partisi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Refah Partisi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refah_Partisi" title="Refah Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Refah Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E9%BB%A8" title="福利黨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="福利黨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q920212#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Islamist political party in Turkey</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Indian political party, see <a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party_of_India" title="Welfare Party of India">Welfare Party of India</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF2E84; border-bottom:2px solid #FF2E84; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Welfare Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Refah Partisi</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Refah_Partisi_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Refah_Partisi_logo.svg/180px-Refah_Partisi_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Refah_Partisi_logo.svg/270px-Refah_Partisi_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Refah_Partisi_logo.svg/360px-Refah_Partisi_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Ali Türkmen<br />Ahmet Tekdal<br /><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">19 July 1983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Banned</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16 January 1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap" style="nowrap"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li></ul> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D60000; color:white;"> </span> Red (official)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF2E84; color:black;"> </span> Hot pink (customary)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Justice is our goal</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF2E84;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Politics of Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RefahPartisiClock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/RefahPartisiClock.jpg/220px-RefahPartisiClock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/RefahPartisiClock.jpg/330px-RefahPartisiClock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/RefahPartisiClock.jpg/440px-RefahPartisiClock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>A clock displaying the emblem of the Welfare Party. The party slogan translates as "Justice is our goal."</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Welfare Party</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Refah Partisi</i>, RP) was an <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> political party in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. It was founded by Ali Türkmen, Ahmet Tekdal, and <a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> in 1983 as heir to two earlier parties, <a href="/wiki/National_Order_Party" title="National Order Party">National Order Party</a> (MNP) and <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a> (MSP), which were banned from politics. The RP participated in mayoral elections at that time and won in three cities <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a>. Their vote percentage was approximately 5%. </p><p>The Welfare Party participated in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991 elections</a> in a triple alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (MHP) and the <a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1992)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1992)">Reformist Democracy Party</a> (IDP). They gained 16.9% of the vote. They won 62 deputies to parliament, but 19 deputies of MHP (with founding Democratic Movement Party on 25 December 1991 and joining the MÇP on 29 December 1991) and 3 of IDP left the Welfare Party after the election. Their popular vote increased over the years until they became the largest party under <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Turkey">Prime Minister</a> Necmettin Erbakan in 1996. The coalition government of Erbakan was <a href="/wiki/1997_military_memorandum_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 military memorandum (Turkey)">forced out</a> of power by the Turkish military in 1997, due to being suspected of having an <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-Behind_the_Turkish_Military’s_Soft_Coup_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Turkish_Military’s_Soft_Coup-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, the Welfare Party was <a href="/wiki/Ban_(law)" title="Ban (law)">banned</a> from politics by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court of Turkey</a> for violating the <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">separation of religion and state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ban was upheld by the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> (ECtHR) on 13 February 2003. The ECtHR's decision was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> for lack of consistency, as the ECtHR had refused <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey#Freedom_of_association" title="Human rights in Turkey">disbanding of other parties</a> on several occasions, but the ECtHR defended its decision.<sup id="cite_ref-HRWB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turkey's incumbent <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, is a former member of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being banned from politics for a period, he left this Islamist group and founded the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> (AKP). <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a>, was the deputy leader of the Welfare Party until its dissolution </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dissolution">Dissolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Dissolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Welfare Party came into the political sphere at a time when the impoverished public was discontented with the current government.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relying on Islamic rhetoric, they encouraged certain aspects of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia law</a>. Turkey, as a secular state, took issue with their religious narrative. Article 2.1 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">Turkish Constitution</a> states that Turkey is a “democratic, secular, and social state.”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Refah’s theocentric policy and speeches violated this commitment to secularism.  On January 16, 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a> dissolved the Welfare Party because it had become a “center of activities against the principle of secularism.”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Welfare Party then appealed to the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> (ECHR), stating that the Turkish Supreme Court violated Article 11 of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention of Human Rights</a> that protects assembly and association. Refah also complained that its rights protected in Articles 9, 10, 14, 17, and 18 of the Convention and Articles 1 and 3 of Protocol No. 1 had been violated. </p><p>Paragraph 2 of Article 11 states that if free speech rights are limited, and both parties agreed that they had been, it must be “necessary in a democratic society.”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court found that Article 9, which protects freedom of religion, did not protect the Welfare Party from the fact that their policies went directly against the Turkish Constitution. They explained that a political party may campaign for a change in the constitution under two regulations: the campaigning must be done in a democratic and legal manner, and that the change itself must protect fundamental democratic principles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court concluded that the Welfare Party’s political agenda did not uphold these two standards. The Welfare Party’s religious roots were considered to be detrimental to the protection of democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Welfare Party’s ban was the first in a number of party bans in Turkey due to religious circumstances. Turkey’s commitment to progress, unity, and democracy in its early years meant that they often dismantled organizations that threatened any of these three pillars.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, any separatist or generally revolutionary party threatened Turkish politics and was banned in the Constitutional Court and was deemed an <a href="/wiki/List_of_illegal_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of illegal political parties in Turkey">illegal party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkey’s current Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> was originally a member of the Welfare Party, and he used his status as a Islamist leader to garner support for his current party, the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The string of party bans made way for the Justice and Development Party to gain religious and political control.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lost_Trillion_Case">Lost Trillion Case</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lost Trillion Case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lost_Trillion_Case" title="Lost Trillion Case">Lost Trillion Case</a></div> <p>After the closure of the party, the Treasury demanded the return of grants worth around one <a href="/wiki/Trillion_(short_scale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trillion (short scale)">trillion</a> lira, i.e. one million <span style="white-space: nowrap">₺</span> in today's currency (around <span class="nowrap">€</span> 99,796). Party officials stated that the funds were spent on party activities. However, an investigation revealed that the official documents were forged.<sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hdn3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the beginning of 1999, Necmettin Erbakan and 78 party officials stood trial in Ankara for <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzlement</a> charges. The case became known as the "Lost Trillion Case" or the "Missing Trillion Case" (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Kayıp Trilyon Davası</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hdn3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2002, the court sentenced Erbakan to two years and four months in prison. 68 party officials received sentences of up to one year and two months in prison. The sentences were approved by the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)" title="Court of Cassation (Turkey)">Supreme Court of Appeals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kna1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kna1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> upheld the ban as well.<sup id="cite_ref-ti1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ti1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algerian_Civil_War">Algerian Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Algerian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s, both Algeria and Turkey had similar tensions between Islamists and a secular military. The Algerian military's intervention led to the repression of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Front" title="Islamic Salvation Front">FIS</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> in 1992, and the Turkish military forced the resignation of the <a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Erbakan</a> government and banned the Welfare Party.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring to the Civil War, <a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> said "Turkey will not turn into Algeria" in 1992<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 10 May 1997, Welfare Party <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_Province" title="Şanlıurfa Province">Şanlıurfa</a> MP İbrahim Halil Çelik threatened that "If you try to close the <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mam_Hatip_school" title="İmam Hatip school">İmam Hatip schools</a> under the RP government, blood will be spilled. It would be worse than Algeria."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erbakan and his associates developed ties with FIS, and when Erbakan visited the <a href="/wiki/American_Muslim_Council" title="American Muslim Council">American Muslim Council</a> in October 1994, he engaged with FIS representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grand_National_Assembly">Grand National Assembly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grand National Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election date </th> <th>Party leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% of Votes </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1987_Turkish_general_election" title="1987 Turkish general election">1987</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> </td> <td>1,717,425 </td> <td>7.20% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 450</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF2E84; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">4,121,355 </td> <td rowspan="2">16.87% </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">62 / 450</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF2E84; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a>-<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Populist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)">SHP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a> minority </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/1995_Turkish_general_election" title="1995 Turkish general election">1995</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">6,012,450 </td> <td rowspan="5">21.38% </td> <td rowspan="5"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">158 / 550</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF2E84; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a>-<a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a>-<a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">RP-<a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a>-<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democratic Left Party (Turkey)">DSP</a>-<a href="/wiki/Democrat_Turkey_Party" title="Democrat Turkey Party">DTP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democratic Left Party (Turkey)">DSP</a> minority </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_elections">Local elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Local elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election date </th> <th rowspan="2">Party leader </th> <th colspan="2">Provincial council </th> <th rowspan="2"><b>Number of municipalities</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Turkish_local_elections" title="1984 Turkish local elections">1984</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Tekdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Tekdal (page does not exist)">Ahmet Tekdal</a> </td> <td>780.342 </td> <td>4.40% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 1,700</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF2E84; width: 0.9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_Turkish_local_elections" title="1989 Turkish local elections">1989</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> </td> <td>2.170.431 </td> <td>9.80% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">74 / 1,984</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF2E84; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_Turkish_local_elections" title="1994 Turkish local elections">1994</a> </td> <td>5.388.195 </td> <td>19.14% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">329 / 2,695</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF2E84; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">List of Islamic political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Welfare_Party" title="New Welfare Party">New Welfare Party</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_Party&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Behind_the_Turkish_Military’s_Soft_Coup-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Turkish_Military’s_Soft_Coup_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaradjis1997" class="citation journal cs1">Karadjis, Michael (19 October 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/294.html">"Behind the Turkish Military's "Soft Coup"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Green Left Weekly</i>. <b>294</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Left+Weekly&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Turkish+Military%27s+%22Soft+Coup%22&rft.volume=294&rft.date=1997-10-19&rft.aulast=Karadjis&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hartford-hwp.com%2Farchives%2F51%2F294.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelfare+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._Bali2013" class="citation book cs1">N. Bali, Rifat (2013). <i>Antisemitism and Conspiracy Theories in Turkey</i>. Libra. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786054326730" title="Special:BookSources/9786054326730"><bdi>9786054326730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antisemitism+and+Conspiracy+Theories+in+Turkey&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Libra&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9786054326730&rft.aulast=N.+Bali&rft.aufirst=Rifat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelfare+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRWB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRWB_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/07/31/turkey19521.htm">Turkey: Party Case Shows Need for Reform – Ruling Party Narrowly Escapes Court Ban</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>, 31 July 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoe2003" class="citation journal cs1">Moe, Christian (September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080925194912/http://www.icnl.org/KNOWLEDGE/ijnl/vol6iss1/special_5.htm">"Refah Partisi (The Welfare Party) and Others v. Turkey"</a>. <i>International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law</i>. <b>6</b> (1). International Center for Not-for-Profit Law. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1556-5157">1556-5157</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icnl.org/KNOWLEDGE/ijnl/vol6iss1/special_5.htm">the original</a> on 25 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Not-for-Profit+Law&rft.atitle=Refah+Partisi+%28The+Welfare+Party%29+and+Others+v.+Turkey&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2003-09&rft.issn=1556-5157&rft.aulast=Moe&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icnl.org%2FKNOWLEDGE%2Fijnl%2Fvol6iss1%2Fspecial_5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelfare+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-election-felicity-idUSKCN1IU1NB">"Islamist party sees Erdogan support eroding in Turkey election"</a>. Reuters. 29 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamist+party+sees+Erdogan+support+eroding+in+Turkey+election&rft.date=2018-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-election-felicity-idUSKCN1IU1NB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelfare+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Çağatay Cengiz, Fatih (31 August 2020). <i>Turkey: The Pendulum between Military Rule and Civilian Authoritarianism</i>. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 97–129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43556-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43556-8"><bdi>978-90-04-43556-8</bdi></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Turkey_2017">Turkey 1982 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute</a>". <i>www.constituteproject.org</i>. 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Milli_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F_parties" title="Template:Milli Görüş parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Milli_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F_parties" title="Template talk:Milli Görüş parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Milli_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Milli Görüş parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Millî_Görüş_political_parties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a> political parties</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%">Main parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Order_Party" title="National Order Party">National Order Party</a> (1970-1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a> (1972-1981)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welfare Party</a> (1983-1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party</a> (1998-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicity_Party" title="Felicity Party">Felicity Party</a> (2001-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Welfare_Party" title="New Welfare Party">New Welfare Party</a> (2018-)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%">Related parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> (2001-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Party" title="Turkey Party">Turkey Party</a> (2009-2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Voice_Party" title="People's Voice Party">People's Voice Party</a> (2010-2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Historical_parties_in_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_parties_in_Turkey" title="Template:Historical parties in Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_parties_in_Turkey" title="Template talk:Historical parties in Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_parties_in_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical parties in Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Historical_parties_in_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of historical parties in Turkey">Historical parties in Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia_Party" title="Anatolia Party">Anatolia Party (ANAPAR)</a> (2014–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Turkey_Party" title="Bright Turkey Party">Bright Turkey Party (ATP)</a> (1998–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Party_(Turkey)" title="Citizen's Party (Turkey)">Citizen's Party</a> (1986-1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democracy Party (Turkey)">Democracy Party (DEP)</a> (1993–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Center_Party_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Center Party (Turkey)">Democratic Center Party (DMP)</a> (1990–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_People%27s_Party" title="Democratic Left People's Party">Democratic Left People's Party (DSHP)</a> (2009–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946%E2%80%931960)" title="Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960)">Democrat Party (DP)</a> (1946–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Turkey,_1970)" title="Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970)">Democratic Party (DP)</a> (1970–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progress_Party" title="Democratic Progress Party">Democratic Progress Party (DGP)</a> (2014–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Society_Party" title="Democratic Society Party">Democratic Society Party (DTP)</a> (2005–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Turkey_Party" title="Democrat Turkey Party">Democrat Turkey Party (DTP)</a> (1997–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Democracy_Party" title="Electronic Democracy Party">Electronic Democracy Party (e-Parti)</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Democracy_Party" title="Equality and Democracy Party">Equality and Democracy Party (EDP)</a> (2010–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Free Democratic Party (Turkey)">Free Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Anatolia_Party" title="Great Anatolia Party">Great Anatolia Party (BAP)</a> (1986–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkey_Party" title="Great Turkey Party">Great Turkey Party (BTP)</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Turkey,_1988)" title="Green Party (Turkey, 1988)">Green Party</a> (1988–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Party_(Turkey)" title="Greens Party (Turkey)">Greens Party (YP)</a> (2008–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice Party (Turkey)">Justice Party (AP)</a> (1961–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(Turkey)" title="Liberal Republican Party (Turkey)">Liberal Republican Party (SCF)</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(Turkey)" title="Liberty Party (Turkey)">Liberty Party (HP)</a> (1955–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party (ANAP)</a> (1983–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1948)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1948)">Nation Party (MP)</a> (1948–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1962)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1962)">Nation Party (MP)</a> (1962–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="National Development Party (Turkey)">National Development Party (MKP)</a> (1945–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Order_Party" title="National Order Party">National Order Party (MNP)</a> (1970–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party (MSP)</a> (1972–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Party_of_Turkey" title="National Women's Party of Turkey">National Women's Party of Turkey (TUKP)</a> (1972–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democracy_Party" title="Nationalist Democracy Party">Nationalist Democracy Party (MDP)</a> (1983–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Turkey)" title="New Party (Turkey)">New Party</a> (2008–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Turkey,_1993)" title="New Party (Turkey, 1993)">New Party (Turkey, 1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Turkey_Party_(1961)" title="New Turkey Party (1961)">New Turkey Party (1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Turkey_Party_(2002)" title="New Turkey Party (2002)">New Turkey Party (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peace Party (Turkey)">Peace Party (BP)</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Democracy_Party" title="Peace and Democracy Party">Peace and Democracy Party (BDP)</a> (2008–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Labor Party">People's Labor Party (HEP)</a> (1990–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Communist_Party_of_Turkey" title="People's Communist Party of Turkey">People's Communist Party of Turkey</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_Party" title="People's Democracy Party">People's Democracy Party (HADEP)</a> (1994–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Voice_Party" title="People's Voice Party">People's Voice Party (HAS)</a> (2010–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Populist Party (Turkey)">Populist Party (HP)</a> (1983–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Republican_Party_(Turkey)" title="Progressive Republican Party (Turkey)">Progressive Republican Party (TCF)</a> (1924–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Nation_Party" title="Republican Nation Party">Republican Nation Party (CMP)</a> (1954–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Turkey)" title="Republican Party (Turkey)">Republican Party (CP)</a> (1972–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Villagers_Nation_Party" title="Republican Villagers Nation Party">Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP)</a> (1958–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Reliance_Party" title="Republican Reliance Party">Republican Reliance Party (CGP)</a> (1967–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic People's Party (Turkey)">Social Democratic People's Party (SHP)</a> (2002–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Populist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)">Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP)</a> (1985–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolution_Party_(Turkey)" title="Socialist Revolution Party (Turkey)">Socialist Revolution Party (SDP)</a> (1975–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_(Turkey)" title="Socialist Unity Party (Turkey)">Socialist Unity Party (SBP)</a> (1991–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SODEP" class="mw-redirect" title="SODEP">Social Democracy Party (SODEP)</a> (1983–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Party" title="Turkey Party">Turkey Party (TP)</a> (2009–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Villagers%27_Party" title="Turkish Villagers' Party">Turkish Villagers' Party (TKP)</a> (1952–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_(Turkey)" title="Unity Party (Turkey)">Unity Party (BP)</a> (1966–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party (FP)</a> (1998–2001)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welfare Party (RP)</a> (1983–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Turkey_(1961)" title="Workers' Party of Turkey (1961)">Workers Party of Turkey (TİP)</a> (1961–87)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920212#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible 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