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class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cherry picking</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Cherry_picking" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Cherry_picking" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=One-sided_argument&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="One-sided argument">One-sided argument</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the logical fallacy. For the harvesting of cherries, see <a href="/wiki/Cherry#Cultivation" title="Cherry">Cherry § Cultivation</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cherry picking (disambiguation)">Cherry picking (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Card stacking" redirects here. For towers built with playing cards, see <a href="/wiki/House_of_cards" title="House of cards">House of cards</a>.</div> <p><b>Cherry picking</b>, <b>suppressing evidence</b>, or the <b>fallacy of incomplete evidence</b> is the act of pointing to individual cases or data that seem to confirm a particular position while ignoring a significant portion of related and similar cases or data that may <a href="/wiki/Contradiction" title="Contradiction">contradict</a> that position. Cherry picking may be committed intentionally or unintentionally.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_warming_hiatus.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Global_warming_hiatus.gif/320px-Global_warming_hiatus.gif" decoding="async" width="320" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Global_warming_hiatus.gif/480px-Global_warming_hiatus.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Global_warming_hiatus.gif 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="370"></a><figcaption>Cherry-picking is often used in <a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">science denial</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">climate change denial</a>. For example, by deliberately cherry picking appropriate time periods, here 1998–2012, an artificial "pause" can be created, even when there is an ongoing warming trend.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same problem could occur with the zoomed-out portion of the graph; if the data from before 1880 went in an unpredicted direction, that would cause another (unintentional) cherry picking fallacy. Furthermore, the temperature average was taken from 1951 to 1980, a relatively short span of time, so perhaps the true average temperature could be far different.</figcaption></figure> <p>The term is based on the perceived process of harvesting fruit, such as <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>. The picker would be expected to select only the ripest and healthiest fruits. An observer who sees only the selected fruit may thus wrongly conclude that most, or even all, of the tree's fruit is in a likewise good condition. This can also give a false impression of the quality of the fruit (since it is only a sample and is not a <a href="/wiki/Representative_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative sample">representative sample</a>). A concept sometimes confused with cherry picking is the idea of gathering only the fruit that is easy to harvest, while ignoring other fruit that is higher up on the tree and thus more difficult to obtain (see <a href="/wiki/Low-hanging_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-hanging fruit">low-hanging fruit</a>). </p><p>Cherry picking has a negative connotation as the practice neglects, overlooks or directly suppresses evidence that could lead to a complete picture. </p><p>Cherry picking can be found in many <a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">logical fallacies</a>. For example, the "fallacy of <a href="/wiki/Anecdotal_evidence" title="Anecdotal evidence">anecdotal evidence</a>" tends to overlook large amounts of data in favor of that known personally, "selective use of evidence" rejects material unfavorable to an argument, while a <a href="/wiki/False_dichotomy" class="mw-redirect" title="False dichotomy">false dichotomy</a> picks only two options when more are available. Some scholars classify cherry-picking as a <a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">fallacy</a> of selective attention, the most common example of which is the <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">confirmation bias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cherry picking can refer to the selection of data or data sets so a study or survey will give desired, predictable results which may be misleading or even completely contrary to reality.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldacre2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldacre2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#In_science"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">In science</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#In_medicine"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">In medicine</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#In_argumentation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">In argumentation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#One-sided_argument"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">One-sided argument</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry_picking&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>A story about the 5th century <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a> atheist philosopher <a href="/wiki/Diagoras_of_Melos" title="Diagoras of Melos">Diagoras of Melos</a> says how, when shown the votive gifts of people who had supposedly escaped death by shipwreck by praying to gods, he pointed out that many people <i>had</i> died at sea in spite of their prayers, yet these cases were not likewise commemorated<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (this is an example of <a href="/wiki/Survivorship_bias" title="Survivorship bias">survivorship bias</a>). <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Michel de Montaigne</a> (1533–1592) in his <a href="/wiki/Essays_(Montaigne)" title="Essays (Montaigne)">essay on prophecies</a> comments on people willing to believe in the validity of supposed seers: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I see some who are mightily given to study and comment upon their almanacs, and produce them to us as an authority when anything has fallen out pat; and, for that matter, it is hardly possible but that these alleged authorities sometimes stumble upon a truth amongst an infinite number of lies. ... I think never the better of them for some such accidental hit. ... [N]obody records their flimflams and false prognostics, forasmuch as they are infinite and common; but if they chop upon one truth, that carries a mighty report, as being rare, incredible, and prodigious.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="In_science">In science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry_picking&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In science" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Cherry picking is one of the epistemological characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">denialism</a> and widely used by different science <a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">denialists</a> to seemingly contradict scientific findings. For example, it is used in <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">climate change denial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evolution_denial" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution denial">evolution denial</a> by creationists, denial of the negative health effects of consuming <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco" title="Health effects of tobacco">tobacco products</a> and passive smoking.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Choosing to make selective choices among competing evidence, so as to emphasize those results that support a given position, while ignoring or dismissing any findings that do not support it, is a practice known as "cherry picking" and is a hallmark of poor science or pseudo-science.<sup id="cite_ref-scienceornot_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scienceornot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Richard_Somerville" title="Richard Somerville">Richard Somerville</a>, Testimony before the US House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and Power, March 8, 2011</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Rigorous science looks at all the evidence (rather than cherry picking only favorable evidence), controls for variables as to identify what is actually working, uses blinded observations so as to minimize the effects of bias, and uses internally consistent logic."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Steven_Novella" title="Steven Novella">Steven Novella</a>, "A Skeptic In Oz", April 26, 2011</cite></div></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="In_medicine">In medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry_picking&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In medicine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>In a 2002 study, a review of previous medical data found cherry picking in tests of anti-depression medication: </p> <blockquote><p>[researchers] reviewed 31 antidepressant efficacy trials to identify the primary exclusion criteria used in determining eligibility for participation. Their findings suggest that patients in current antidepressant trials represent only a minority of patients treated in routine clinical practice for depression. Excluding potential clinical trial subjects with certain profiles means that the ability to generalize the results of antidepressant efficacy trials lacks empirical support, according to the authors.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="In_argumentation">In argumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry_picking&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In argumentation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>In argumentation, the practice of "<a href="/wiki/Quote_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Quote mining">quote mining</a>" is a form of cherry picking,<sup id="cite_ref-scienceornot_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scienceornot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the debater selectively picks some quotes supporting a position (or exaggerating an opposing position) while ignoring those that moderate the original quote or put it into a different context. Cherry picking in debates is a large problem as the facts themselves are true but need to be put in context. Because research cannot be done live and is often untimely, cherry-picked facts or quotes usually stick in the public mainstream and, even when corrected, lead to widespread misrepresentation of groups targeted. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="One-sided_argument">One-sided argument</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry_picking&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: One-sided argument" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>A <b>one-sided argument</b> (also known as <b>card stacking</b>, <b>stacking the deck</b>, <b>ignoring the counterevidence</b>, <b>slanting</b>, and <b>suppressed evidence</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-stacking_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stacking-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Informal_fallacy" title="Informal fallacy">informal fallacy</a> that occurs when only the reasons supporting a proposition are supplied, while all reasons opposing it are omitted. </p><p> Philosophy professor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a> has written:</p><blockquote><p>The one-sidedness fallacy does not make an argument invalid. It may not even make the argument unsound. The fallacy consists in persuading readers, and perhaps ourselves, that we have said enough to tilt the scale of evidence and therefore enough to justify a judgment. If we have been one-sided, though, then we haven't yet said enough to justify a judgment. The arguments on the other side may be stronger than our own. We won't know until we examine them. </p><p>So the one-sidedness fallacy doesn't mean that your premises are false or irrelevant, only that they are incomplete. </p><p> […] You might think that one-sidedness is actually desirable when your goal is winning rather than discovering a complex and nuanced truth. If this is true, then it's true of every fallacy. If winning is persuading a decision-maker, then any kind of manipulation or deception that actually works is desirable. But in fact, while winning may sometimes be served by one-sidedness, it is usually better served by two-sidedness. If your argument (say) in court is one-sided, then you are likely to be surprised by a strong counter-argument for which you are unprepared. The lesson is to cultivate two-sidedness in your thinking about any issue. Beware of any job that requires you to truncate your own understanding.<sup id="cite_ref-Suber_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suber-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><b>Card stacking</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> technique that seeks to manipulate audience perception of an issue by emphasizing one side and repressing another.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such emphasis may be achieved through <a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">media bias</a> or the use of <a href="/wiki/One-sided_argument" class="mw-redirect" title="One-sided argument">one-sided</a> testimonials, or by simply <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censoring</a> the voices of critics. The technique is commonly used in persuasive speeches by political candidates to discredit their opponents and to make themselves seem more worthy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term originates from the <a href="/wiki/Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">magician</a>'s gimmick of "<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_poker_terms#cold_deck" title="Glossary of poker terms">stacking the deck</a>", which involves presenting a <a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">deck of cards</a> that appears to have been randomly shuffled but which is, in fact, 'stacked' in a specific order. The magician knows the order and is able to control the outcome of the trick. In poker, cards can be stacked so that certain hands are dealt to certain players.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phenomenon can be applied to any subject and has wide applications. Whenever a broad spectrum of information exists, appearances can be rigged by highlighting some facts and ignoring others. Card stacking can be a tool of advocacy groups or of those groups with specific agendas.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, an enlistment poster might focus upon an impressive picture, with words such as "travel" and "adventure", while placing the words, "enlist for two to four years" at the bottom in a smaller and less noticeable point size.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry_picking&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">Ad hoc</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biased_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Biased sample">Biased sample</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">Confirmation bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_dredging" title="Data dredging">Data dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_effect" title="Hawthorne effect">Hawthorne effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-truth" title="Half-truth">Half-truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumping_to_conclusions" title="Jumping to conclusions">Jumping to conclusions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othello_error" title="Othello error">Othello error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pars_destruens/pars_construens" class="mw-redirect" title="Pars destruens/pars construens">Pars destruens/pars construens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof_by_example" title="Proof by example">Proof by example</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prooftext" title="Prooftext">Prooftext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-experiment" title="Quasi-experiment">Quasi-experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quoting_out_of_context" title="Quoting out of context">Quoting out of context</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selection_bias" title="Selection bias">Selection bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_exposure_theory" title="Selective exposure theory">Selective exposure theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpson%27s_paradox" title="Simpson's paradox">Simpson's paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_pleading" title="Special pleading">Special pleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivorship_bias" title="Survivorship bias">Survivorship bias</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry_picking&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hansson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hansson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sven_Ove_Hansson" title="Sven Ove Hansson">Sven Ove Hansson</a>: <i>Science denial as a form of pseudoscience</i>. <a href="/wiki/Studies_in_History_and_Philosophy_of_Science" title="Studies in History and Philosophy of Science">Studies in History and Philosophy of Science</a>. 63, 2017, pp 39–47, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.shpsa.2017.05.002">10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.05.002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlass" class="citation web cs1">Klass, Gary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325173711/http://www.statlit.org/pdf/2008KlassASA.pdf">"Just Plain Data Analysis: Common Statistical Fallacies in Analyses of Social Indicator Data. Department of Politics and Government, Illinois State University"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>statlit.org. ~2008</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statlit.org/pdf/2008KlassASA.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statlit.org.+~2008&rft.atitle=Just+Plain+Data+Analysis%3A+Common+Statistical+Fallacies+in+Analyses+of+Social+Indicator+Data.+Department+of+Politics+and+Government%2C+Illinois+State+University&rft.aulast=Klass&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statlit.org%2Fpdf%2F2008KlassASA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/fallacy/">"Fallacies | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fallacies+%26%23124%3B+Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Ffallacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldacre2008-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldacre2008_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldacre2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Goldacre" title="Ben Goldacre">Goldacre, Ben</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gv1NQubrGNIC"><i>Bad Science</i></a>. HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 97–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-728319-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-728319-4"><bdi>978-0-00-728319-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bad+Science&rft.pages=97-99&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-00-728319-4&rft.aulast=Goldacre&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGv1NQubrGNIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHecht2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Michael_Hecht" title="Jennifer Michael Hecht">Hecht, Jennifer Michael</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QJb16_AAePkC&pg=PA10">"Whatever Happened to Zeus and Hera?, 600 BCE–1 CE"</a>. <i>Doubt: A History</i>. Harper San Francisco. pp. 9–10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-009795-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-009795-7"><bdi>0-06-009795-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whatever+Happened+to+Zeus+and+Hera%3F%2C+600+BCE%E2%80%931+CE&rft.btitle=Doubt%3A+A+History&rft.pages=9-10&rft.pub=Harper+San+Francisco&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-06-009795-7&rft.aulast=Hecht&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQJb16_AAePkC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichel_de_Montaigne1877" class="citation book cs1">Michel de Montaigne (1877) [First French edition 1580]. 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May 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1068-5308">1068-5308</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brown+University+Psychopharmacology+Update&rft.atitle=Typical+Depression+Patients+Excluded+from+Drug+Trials%3B+exclusion+criteria%3A+is+it+%27cherry+pickin%27%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=2002-05&rft.issn=1068-5308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span> Based on the studies: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosternakZimmermanKeitnerMiller2002" class="citation journal cs1">Posternak, MA; Zimmerman, M; Keitner, GI; Miller, IW (February 2002). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One-Sidedness+-+The+Fallacy+Files&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fallacyfiles.org%2Fonesided.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suber-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suber_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Suber" class="citation web cs1">Peter Suber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/inflogic/onesided.htm">"The One-Sidedness Fallacy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+One-Sidedness+Fallacy&rft.au=Peter+Suber&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.earlham.edu%2F~peters%2Fcourses%2Finflogic%2Fonesided.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EzVMAAAAIAAJ&q=%22card+stacking%22"><i>The fine art of propaganda: a study of Father Coughlin's s=Institute for Propaganda Analysis</i></a>. Harcourt Brace and Company. 1939. pp. 95–101<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University Press of America. pp. 317–318. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780819188472" title="Special:BookSources/9780819188472"><bdi>9780819188472</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Prometheus Books. pp. 195–196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879755942" title="Special:BookSources/9780879755942"><bdi>9780879755942</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clear+thinking%3A+a+practical+introduction&rft.pages=195-196&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780879755942&rft.aulast=Ruchlis&rft.aufirst=Hyman&rft.au=Sandra+Oddo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D04JqAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522card%2Bstacking%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1995" class="citation book cs1">James, Walene (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EQHPoGs6CvIC&q=%22card+stacking%22&pg=PA193"><i>Immunization: the reality behind the myth, Volume 3</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 193–194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897893596" title="Special:BookSources/9780897893596"><bdi>9780897893596</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immunization%3A+the+reality+behind+the+myth%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=193-194&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780897893596&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Walene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEQHPoGs6CvIC%26q%3D%2522card%2Bstacking%2522%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShabo2008" class="citation book cs1">Shabo, Magedah (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sDIbJUAZeuwC&q=%22card+stacking%22&pg=PA28"><i>Techniques of Propaganda and Persuasion</i></a>. Prestwick House Inc. pp. 24–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781580498746" title="Special:BookSources/9781580498746"><bdi>9781580498746</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Techniques+of+Propaganda+and+Persuasion&rft.pages=24-29&rft.pub=Prestwick+House+Inc&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781580498746&rft.aulast=Shabo&rft.aufirst=Magedah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsDIbJUAZeuwC%26q%3D%2522card%2Bstacking%2522%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry+picking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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<div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="التقاطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التقاطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="পক্ষপাতদুষ্ট বাছাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পক্ষপাতদুষ্ট বাছাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Чери-пикинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чери-пикинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyzob%C3%A1v%C3%A1n%C3%AD_rozinek" title="Vyzobávání rozinek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vyzobávání rozinek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosinenpicken_(Argumentationstheorie)" title="Rosinenpicken (Argumentationstheorie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rosinenpicken (Argumentationstheorie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valikuline_faktide_esitamine" title="Valikuline faktide esitamine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valikuline faktide esitamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falacia_de_evidencia_incompleta" title="Falacia de evidencia incompleta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Falacia de evidencia incompleta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="گلچین‌کردن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلچین‌کردن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EB%A6%AC_%ED%94%BC%ED%82%B9" title="체리 피킹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체리 피킹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petik_ceri" title="Petik ceri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Petik ceri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A3_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%91%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קטיף דובדבנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטיף דובדבנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="チェリー・ピッキング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェリー・ピッキング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirseb%C3%A6rplukking" title="Kirsebærplukking – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kirsebærplukking" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosinenpicken" title="Rosinenpicken – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Rosinenpicken" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evid%C3%AAncia_suprimida" title="Evidência suprimida – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evidência suprimida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Выборочное представление фактов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Выборочное представление фактов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selektivan_dokaz" title="Selektivan dokaz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Selektivan dokaz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rsb%C3%A4rsplockning" title="Körsbärsplockning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Körsbärsplockning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cherry picking" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="เหตุผลวิบัติโดยหลักฐานไม่สมบูรณ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เหตุผลวิบัติโดยหลักฐานไม่สมบูรณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%B1mb%C4%B1zlama_safsatas%C4%B1" title="Cımbızlama safsatası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cımbızlama safsatası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Помилка вибіркових доказів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Помилка вибіркових доказів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1i_anh_%C4%91%C3%A0o_(l%E1%BB%97i_suy_lu%E1%BA%ADn)" title="Hái anh đào (lỗi suy luận) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hái anh đào (lỗi suy luận)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="單方論證 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="單方論證" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 September 2024, at 19:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a 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