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</button> <ul id="toc-Powers_and_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role_of_the_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_the_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Role of the president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_the_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Legislative powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Executive powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Judicial powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appointing_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointing_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Appointing powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointing_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Military powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergency_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Emergency powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers_before_the_18th_Amendment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers_before_the_18th_Amendment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Powers before the 18th Amendment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers_before_the_18th_Amendment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eligibility_and_selection_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility_and_selection_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Eligibility and selection process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility_and_selection_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_and_oath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_and_oath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Election and oath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_and_oath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Line_of_succession_and_removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Line_of_succession_and_removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Line of succession and removal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Line_of_succession_and_removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Early origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_Interventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_Interventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Past Interventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_Interventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Figurehead_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Figurehead_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Figurehead overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Figurehead_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Pakistan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رئيس باكستان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس باكستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_de_Pakist%C3%A1n" title="President de Pakistán – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="President de Pakistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Paquist%C3%A1n" title="Presidente de Paquistán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente de Paquistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Prezidenti" title="Pakistan Prezidenti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pakistan Prezidenti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="পাকিস্তানের রাষ্ট্রপতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাকিস্তানের রাষ্ট্রপতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_del_Pakistan" title="President del Pakistan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="President del Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident_P%C3%A1kist%C3%A1nu" title="Prezident Pákistánu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prezident Pákistánu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A9%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ޕާކިސްތާނުގެ ރައީސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕާކިސްތާނުގެ ރައީސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Πρόεδρος του Πακιστάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόεδρος του Πακιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Pakist%C3%A1n" title="Presidente de Pakistán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente de Pakistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رئیس‌جمهور پاکستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس‌جمهور پاکستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_islamique_du_Pakistan" title="Président de la république islamique du Pakistan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président de la république islamique du Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Paquist%C3%A1n" title="Presidente de Paquistán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Presidente de Paquistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" title="파키스탄의 대통령 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파키스탄의 대통령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="पाकिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पाकिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_presiden_Pakistan" title="Daftar presiden Pakistan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar presiden Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidenti_del_Pakistan" title="Presidenti del Pakistan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidenti del Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="נשיא פקיסטן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיא פקיסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პაკისტანის პრეზიდენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პაკისტანის პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96" title="Пәкістан президенті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пәкістан президенті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პაკისტანიშ პრეზიდენტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პაკისტანიშ პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رئيس باكستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس باكستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Pakistan" title="Presiden Pakistan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Pakistan" title="Daftar Presiden Pakistan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Daftar Presiden Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="पाकिस्तानको राष्ट्रपति – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पाकिस्तानको राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98" title="パキスタンの大統領 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パキスタンの大統領" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_i_Pakistan" title="President i Pakistan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="President i Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਦਾ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਦਾ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صدر پاکستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صدر پاکستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydenci_Pakistanu" title="Prezydenci Pakistanu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydenci Pakistanu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Президент Пакистана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президент Пакистана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="පකිස්තානයේ ජනාධිපතිවරයා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පකිස්තානයේ ජනාධිපතිවරයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="President of Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="پاڪستان جو صدر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پاڪستان جو صدر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سەرۆک کۆماری پاکستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆک کۆماری پاکستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Председник Пакистана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председник Пакистана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik_Pakistana" title="Predsjednik Pakistana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Predsjednik Pakistana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanin_presidentti" title="Pakistanin presidentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pakistanin presidentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Президенти Покистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Президенти Покистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_cumhurba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Pakistan cumhurbaşkanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pakistan cumhurbaşkanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Президент Пакистану – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президент Пакистану" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صدر پاکستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صدر پاکستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_Pakistan" title="Tổng thống Pakistan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng thống Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="巴基斯坦总统 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴基斯坦总统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Pakistan" title="List of heads of state of Pakistan">List of heads of state of Pakistan</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of state of Pakistan</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of Pakistan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">صدرِ پاکستان</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/75px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/113px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/150px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/State_emblem_of_Pakistan" title="State emblem of Pakistan">State emblem of Pakistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="260" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Standard_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Standard of Pakistan">Presidential Standard of Pakistan</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Asif_Ali_Zardari_-_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Asif_Ali_Zardari_-_2009.jpg/220px-Asif_Ali_Zardari_-_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Asif_Ali_Zardari_-_2009.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="439" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a><br /></div>since 10 March 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan#Executive_branch" title="Politics of Pakistan">Head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan#Executive_branch" title="Politics of Pakistan">Executive branch of the Government of Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">Honourable President</a><br />(formal)<br /><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(diplomatic)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Mr President</a> (informal)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aiwan-e-Sadr" title="Aiwan-e-Sadr">Aiwan-e-Sadr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Zone_(Islamabad)" title="Red Zone (Islamabad)">Red Zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>-44040</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aiwan-e-Sadr" title="Aiwan-e-Sadr">Aiwan-e-Sadr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Zone_(Islamabad)" title="Red Zone (Islamabad)">Red Zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>-44040</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College of Pakistan">Electoral College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Five years<br />(Renewable once)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precursor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of Pakistan">Monarch of Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Iskander Mirza</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">23 March 1956<span class="noprint">; 68 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1956-03-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_President_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the President of Pakistan">Line of succession</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman of the Senate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">₨</a>846,550 per month<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.pk">President of Pakistan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics of Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/125px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/188px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/250px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Pakistan" title="Federalism in Pakistan">Federalism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Federal government</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Government of Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sindh" title="Government of Sindh">Sindh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Government of Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Saleem_Haider_Khan" title="Sardar Saleem Haider Khan"> Sardar Saleem Haider</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Governor of Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>)</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kamran_Tessori" title="Kamran Tessori">Kamran Tessori</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Sindh" title="Governor of Sindh">Sindh</a>)</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Karim_Kundi" title="Faisal Karim Kundi">Faisal Karim Kundi</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK</a>)</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jaffar_Khan_Mandokhail" title="Sheikh Jaffar Khan Mandokhail"> Sheikh Jaffar Khan</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a>)</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mehdi_Shah" title="Syed Mehdi Shah">Syed Mehdi Shah</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>)</sup></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister (Pakistan)">Chief Ministers</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Nawaz" title="Maryam Nawaz">Maryam Nawaz</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>)</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Murad_Ali_Shah" title="Murad Ali Shah">Murad Ali Shah</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Sindh" title="Chief Minister of Sindh">Sindh</a>)</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Amin_Gandapur" title="Ali Amin Gandapur">Ali Amin Gandapur</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK</a>)</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Bugti" title="Sarfraz Bugti">Sarfraz Bugti</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Balochistan" title="Chief Minister of Balochistan">Balochistan</a>)</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gulbar_Khan" title="Gulbar Khan">Gulbar Khan</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Chief Minister of Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>)</sup></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Pakistan" title="List of constituencies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies of Pakistan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_the_Punjab" title="Provincial Assembly of the Punjab">Punjab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Sindh" title="Provincial Assembly of Sindh">Sindh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan" title="Provincial Assembly of Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly" title="Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly">Gilgi-Baltistan</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Government of Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir government</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="President of Azad Kashmir">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mehmood_Chaudhry" title="Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry">Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Anwarul_Haq" title="Chaudhry Anwarul Haq">Chaudhry Anwarul Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Government of Gilgit-Baltistan">Government of Gilgit-Baltistan</a></b> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a></b> </p> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Pakistan" title="Divisions of Pakistan">Divisions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">Districts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tehsils_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tehsils in Pakistan">Tehsil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">UCs</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate (Upper House)</a></b></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_of_Pakistan,_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png/130px-Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png/195px-Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png/260px-Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Yousaf Raza Gillani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Deputy Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Deputy Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Syedaal_Khan_Nasar" title="Syedaal Khan Nasar">Syedaal Khan Nasar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Federation_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House of Federation (Pakistan)">Leader of the House</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Dar" title="Ishaq Dar">Ishaq Dar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition" title="Leader of the Opposition">Opposition leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shibli_Faraz" title="Shibli Faraz">Shibli Faraz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Pakistan)">National Assembly (Lower House)</a></b></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Assembly_of_Pakistan,_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_(2024).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg/130px-National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg/195px-National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg/260px-National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Leader of the House</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz Sharif</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ayaz_Sadiq" title="Ayaz Sadiq">Ayaz Sadiq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a>)</li> <li>Deputy speaker: <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ghulam_Mustafa_Shah_(Pakistani_politician)" title="Syed Ghulam Mustafa Shah (Pakistani politician)">Syed Ghulam Mustafa Shah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party">PPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Pakistan)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)">Leader of the Opposition</a>: <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ayub_Khan" title="Omar Ayub Khan">Omar Ayub Khan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></b> </p> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Previous constitutions:<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1956" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1956">1956</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1962" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1962">1962</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">1973</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annex_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Annex to the Constitution of Pakistan">Annex</a> (written 1949, incorporated 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan">Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">Pakistan Penal Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President of Pakistan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party">PPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Pakistan" title="List of presidents of Pakistan">List of presidents of Pakistan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Shahbaz_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahbaz Sharif">Shahbaz Sharif</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Pakistan" title="List of prime ministers of Pakistan">List of prime ministers of Pakistan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet of Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Secretary (Pakistan)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court of Pakistan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Qazi_Faez_Isa" title="Qazi Faez Isa">Qazi Faez Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan">List of justices</a></li> <li>Judges appointment body: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Judicial Council</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_Pakistan" title="High courts of Pakistan">High courts</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Islamabad_High_Court" title="Islamabad High Court">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_High_Court" title="Lahore High Court">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindh_High_Court" title="Sindh High Court">Sindh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peshawar_High_Court" title="Peshawar High Court">KPK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_High_Court" title="Balochistan High Court">Balochistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Shariat Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Territorial courts</b>: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Supreme Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">AJK supreme court</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="High Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">AJK High court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Appellate_Court_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan supreme court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan_Chief_Court" title="Gilgit-Baltistan Chief Court">Gilgit-Baltistan High Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Special courts</b>: <a href="/wiki/Anti_Terrorism_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Anti Terrorism Court of Pakistan">Anti Terrorism Courts</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Accountability_Bureau" title="National Accountability Bureau">Accountability Courts</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_Pakistan" title="District courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Pakistan" title="Election Commission of Pakistan">Election Commission of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan">Chief Election Commissioner</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Sultan_Raja" title="Sikandar Sultan Raja">Sikandar Sultan Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College of Pakistan">Electoral College</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Territorial election commission</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Election_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu & Kashmir Election Commission">AJK Election Commission</a></li> <li>Chief Election Commissioner of AJK: Abdul Rashid Sulehria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Election Commission Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan Election Commission</a></li> <li>Chief Election Commissioner of Gilgit-Baltistan: Raja Shah Baz Khan</li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Elections</b> </p> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2008 Pakistani presidential election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2013 Pakistani presidential election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2018 Pakistani presidential election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2024 Pakistani presidential election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_election" title="1977 Pakistani general election">1977</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1985_Pakistani_general_election" title="1985 Pakistani general election">1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_election" title="1988 Pakistani general election">1988</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Pakistani_general_election" title="1990 Pakistani general election">1990</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1997_Pakistani_general_election" title="1997 Pakistani general election">1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_election" title="2002 Pakistani general election">2002</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_general_election" title="2013 Pakistani general election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Pakistani_general_election" title="2018 Pakistani general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_general_election" title="2024 Pakistani general election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Provincial elections</b> </p> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/2002_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2002 Punjab provincial election">2002</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2008 Punjab provincial election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2013 Punjab provincial election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2018 Punjab provincial election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2024 Punjab provincial election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Sindh: <a href="/wiki/2002_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2002 Sindh provincial election">2002</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2008 Sindh provincial election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2013 Sindh provincial election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2018 Sindh provincial election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2024 Sindh provincial election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>KPK: <a href="/wiki/2002_North-West_Frontier_Province_provincial_election" title="2002 North-West Frontier Province provincial election">2002</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_North-West_Frontier_Province_provincial_election" title="2008 North-West Frontier Province provincial election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2013 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2018 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2024 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Balochistan: <a href="/wiki/2013_Balochistan_provincial_election" title="2013 Balochistan provincial election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Balochistan_provincial_election" title="2018 Balochistan provincial election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Balochistan_provincial_election" title="2024 Balochistan provincial election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Territorial elections</b> </p> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Azad Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/1970_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1970 Azad Kashmiri general election">1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1975 Azad Kashmiri general election">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1985_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1985 Azad Kashmiri general election">1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1990 Azad Kashmiri general election">1990</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1991 Azad Kashmiri general election">1991</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1996 Azad Kashmiri general election">1996</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2001 Azad Kashmiri general election">2001</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2006 Azad Kashmiri general election">2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2011 Azad Kashmiri general election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2016 Azad Kashmiri general election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2021 Azad Kashmiri general election">2021</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Gilgit-Baltistan: <a href="/wiki/2009_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2009 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2015 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2020 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2020</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League (N)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">Pakistan Peoples Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Complete list</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Administrative units</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><b>Capital territory</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad</a></li></ul> <p><b>Provinces</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Government of Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Government of Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sindh" title="Government of Sindh">Sindh</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Autonomous region</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><b>Diplomacy</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Pakistan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Pakistan">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Pakistan" title="List of diplomatic missions in Pakistan">in Pakistan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Customs</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_passport" title="Pakistani passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Pakistani_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Pakistan" title="Visa policy of Pakistan">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Regional topics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="India–Pakistan relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_-_Pakistan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China - Pakistan relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan United States relations">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Politics of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Politics of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>president of Pakistan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">صدرِ پاکستان</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Urdu">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn">s̤adr-i Pākistān</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Islamic Republic of Pakistan</a>. The president is the nominal head of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Executive_branch" title="Government of Pakistan">executive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">supreme commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Article_411_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_411-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presidency is a ceremonial position in Pakistan. The president is bound to act on advice of the prime minister and cabinet. <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> is the current president since 10 March 2024. </p><p>The office of president was created upon the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1956" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1956">proclamation of Islamic Republic</a> on 23 March 1956. The then serving <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">governor-general</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-General">Major-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Iskander Mirza</a>, assumed office as the first president. Following the <a href="/wiki/1958_Pakistani_coup_d%27etat" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 Pakistani coup d'etat">1958 <i>coup d'etat</i></a>, the office of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">prime minister</a> was abolished, leaving the Presidency as the most powerful office in the country. This position was further strengthened when the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1962" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1962">1962 Constitution</a> was adopted. It turned Pakistan into a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Republic">Presidential Republic</a>, giving all executive powers to the president. In 1973, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">new Constitution</a> established <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">Parliamentary democracy</a> and reduced the president's role to a ceremonial one. Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Fairplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Fairplay">military takeover in 1977</a> reversed the changes. The <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">8th Amendment</a> turned Pakistan into a <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential republic</a> and in the period between 1985 and 2007, the executive power was shared by the president and prime minister. The <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">18th Amendment</a> in 2010 restored <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Democracy">Parliamentary Democracy</a> in the country, and reduced the presidency to a ceremonial position.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution prohibits the president from directly running the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the executive power is exercised on his behalf by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">prime minister</a> who keeps him informed on all matters of internal and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Pakistan">foreign policy</a>, as well as all legislative proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution however, vests the president with the powers of granting <a href="/wiki/Clemency" class="mw-redirect" title="Clemency">pardons, reprieves</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Civilian_control_of_the_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian control of the military">control</a> over <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">military</a>; however, all appointments at higher commands of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani military">military</a> must be made by the President on a "required and necessary" basis, upon <a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">consultation and approval</a> from the prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The president is indirectly elected by the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(Pakistan)" title="Electoral College (Pakistan)">Electoral College</a> for a five-year term. The Constitution requires the president to be a "<a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> of not less than forty five (45) years of age". The president resides in an estate in <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Aiwan-e-Sadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Aiwan-e-Sadar">Aiwan-e-Sadar</a> (President's House). In his absence, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">chairman of Senate</a> exercises the responsibilities of the post, until the actual president resumes office, or the next office holder is <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">elected</a>. </p><p>There have been a total of <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Pakistan" title="List of presidents of Pakistan">14 presidents</a>. The first president was <a href="/wiki/Iskander_Ali_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Ali Mirza">Iskander Ali Mirza</a> who entered office on 23 March 1956. The current office holder is <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a>, who took charge on 9 March 2024, following his controversial victory in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2024 Pakistani presidential election">2024 elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers_and_authority">Powers and authority</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Powers and authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_the_president">Role of the president</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Role of the president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official residence and principal workplace of the president is <a href="/wiki/Aiwan-e-Sadr" title="Aiwan-e-Sadr">Aiwan-e-Sadr</a>— the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_palace" title="Presidential palace">presidential palace</a> located in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>. The presidency forms the vital institutional organ of state and is part of the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Powers to exercise the authority are limited to the <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">ceremonial figurehead</a>, and required to <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_union_address" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the union address">address</a> the Parliament to give a direction for <a href="/wiki/Policy_studies" title="Policy studies">national policies</a> before being informed of its key decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the president is also a civil <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">chairman joint chiefs</a> being its chief military adviser to maintain the <a href="/wiki/Civilian_control_of_the_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian control of the military">civilian control</a> of the Pakistani military.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a thorough confirmation comes from the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">prime minister</a>, the president confirms the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">judicial appointments</a> in the national <a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Court system of Pakistan">court system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> allows the president to grant <a href="/wiki/Clemency" class="mw-redirect" title="Clemency">pardons, reprieves, and clemency</a> in cases recommended to him by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">executive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Court system of Pakistan">judiciary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There shall be a President of Pakistan who shall be the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State">Head of State</a> and shall represent the "unity of the Republic."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 41</a> in Chapter 1: The President of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>, source<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_cavalry_honor_guard.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Pakistan_cavalry_honor_guard.jpeg/250px-Pakistan_cavalry_honor_guard.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Pakistan_cavalry_honor_guard.jpeg/375px-Pakistan_cavalry_honor_guard.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Pakistan_cavalry_honor_guard.jpeg/500px-Pakistan_cavalry_honor_guard.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption>The Ceremonial guard of honour at the <i>Aiwan-e-Sadr</i>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_powers">Legislative powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>According to Article 50 of the Constitution the Parliament of Pakistan consists of the president and two Houses known as the National Assembly and the Senate.</li></ul> <ul><li>The president shall assent to a bill within ten days after it has been presented to him for assent. if the president fails to do so he shall be deemed to have assented to the bill at the expiration of the period. When the president has assented or is deemed to have assented to a bill, it shall become law and be called Act of Parliament.</li></ul> <ul><li>He can prorogue and summon sessions of Parliament both National Assembly and Senate.</li> <li>The president may address either House or both Houses of Parliament jointly and may for that purpose oblige the attendance of the Members.</li></ul> <ul><li>The president may refer back to Parliament for revision any law or any of its provisions which has come to him for signature after the approval of Parliament.</li></ul> <ul><li>The president has the right to speak in parliament.</li></ul> <ul><li>The president may send a message about a Bill pending in the parliament. The House to which the message is sent shall take into consideration the matter of the message as soon as possible.</li></ul> <ul><li>He can dissolve National Assembly on advice of the prime minister. The president may dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion where, a vote of no-confidence having been passed against the prime minister, no other member of the National Assembly commands the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, as ascertained in a session of the National Assembly summoned for the purpose.</li></ul> <ul><li>He can promulgate ordinances when he is satisfied that Parliament is not in session on advice of the Cabinet or the prime minister.</li></ul> <ul><li>He can summons a joint sitting of the National Assembly and Senate.</li></ul> <ul><li>He also assents the Federal Finance bill passed by Parliament.</li></ul> <ul><li>He also assents constitutional amendment bills passed by Parliament.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_powers">Executive powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Executive powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He is the constitutional and ceremonial head of the state. All executive powers are exercised by the federal government consisting of the prime minister and the federal Cabinet on his behalf. He is bound to act on advice of the prime minister or the Cabinet. He can act in his discretion where constitution allows him to do those things in his discretion.</li> <li>The duties of the <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a> under their oath is to protect, defend and preserve the constitution and the law.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a> shall appoint federal ministers and ministers of the state from amongst the members of Parliament on the advice of the prime minister.</li> <li>President appoints advisers on the advice of the prime minister.</li> <li>He also appoints caretaker prime ministers and caretaker federal Cabinets on advice of caretaker prime ministers.</li> <li>President appoints the governors of provinces on advice of the prime minister.</li> <li>He appoints the chief election commissioner and members of <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Pakistan" title="Election Commission of Pakistan">Election Commission of Pakistan</a> after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of opposition.</li> <li>He can remove the prime minister in his discretion when the prime minister fails a confidence vote from the National Assembly.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">prime minister</a> shall keep the president informed on all matters of internal and foreign policy and on all legislative proposals the federal government intends to bring before Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).</li> <li>He receives credentials of foreign ambassadors and high commissioners.</li> <li>It is also the power of the president to assign rights to ambassadors sent to different countries and to host different heads of state visiting the country.</li> <li>He takes the oaths from the prime minister, federal ministers, ministers of state, and advisers and also from the caretaker prime minister and the caretaker Cabinet.</li> <li>The functions of the cabinet and the prime minister shall be aid and advice the president.</li> <li>The president of Pakistan may cause the issue to be referred to as a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of holding a referendum on advice of prime minister.</li> <li>He has authority to promulgate orders on advice of the prime minister or respective ministries and departments.</li> <li>He also takes oath from <a href="/wiki/Chairmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairmen">chairmen</a> and heads of different organizations like the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Public_Service_Commission" title="Federal Public Service Commission">Federal Public Service Commission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wafaqi_Mohtasib" class="mw-redirect" title="Wafaqi Mohtasib">federal ombudsman</a>.</li> <li>When the president dissolves the National Assembly, he is bound to fix a date, not later than 90 days from the date of such dissolution for the holding of the general elections to the Assembly.</li> <li>When the National Assembly is dissolved for any reason or completes its constitutional term, the president conducts general elections under his supervision.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_powers">Judicial powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judicial powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He can appoint Chief Justice of Supreme Court on recommendations of parliamentary committee consisting of members of National Assembly and Senate.Parliamentary Committee send name of selected Chief Justice to Prime Minister and Prime Minister advises President to appoint that Chief Justice to the Supreme Court of Pakistan.</li> <li>He appoints Chief Justices of High Courts of Provinces and Islamabad High Court.</li> <li>He can also appoint Judges and adhoc Judges of Supreme Court as well as Judges and Additional Judges of High Courts on recommendations of Judicial Commission of Pakistan.</li> <li>He can remove any judge from their position when <b>Supreme Judicial Council</b> recommends President removed that judge after that judge is proven guilty by Supreme Judicial Council.</li> <li>The President determines and approves the salaries of Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.</li> <li>The President of Pakistan may transfer any judge of a High Court from one High Court to another, but no Judge shall be so transferred except with his assent and after discussion by the President with the Chief Justice of Pakistan and the chief Justices of both High courts.</li> <li>The President of Pakistan shall have the power to Grant Pardon, acquittal and relief and to remit, postpone or convert any punishment passed by any court, tribunal or other Authority.</li> <li>He also appoints Chief Justice and Judges of Federal Shariat Court.</li> <li>He can also file reference against any judge of Supreme Court and High Court on advice of cabinet or relevant authority.</li> <li>This is the power of the president to refer any law made by parliament to the Islamic ideology council for review and recommendation.</li> <li>He also takes oath from <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice of Pakistan</a> and Chief Justice of <a href="/wiki/Islamabad_High_Court" title="Islamabad High Court">Islamabad High Court</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointing_powers">Appointing powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Appointing powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He appoints Attorney General on advice of Prime Minister.</li> <li>He appoints Auditor General on advice of Prime Minister.</li> <li>He appoints Controller General of Accounts on advice of Prime Minister.</li> <li>He appoints Advocate General Islamabad on advice of Prime Minister.</li> <li>He also appoints members and chairman of Council of Islamic Ideology, Council of Common Interest, and National Economic Council and National Finance Commission.</li> <li>He appoints Governor of State Bank of Pakistan.</li> <li>He also appoints <a href="/wiki/Wafaqi_Mohtasib" class="mw-redirect" title="Wafaqi Mohtasib">Federal Ombudsman</a>, Federal Insurance Ombudsman, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Tax_Ombudsman_(Pakistan)" title="Federal Tax Ombudsman (Pakistan)">Federal Tax Ombudsman</a>, Banking Mohtasib Pakistan and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ombudsman_Secretariat_for_Protection_Against_Harassment" title="Federal Ombudsman Secretariat for Protection Against Harassment">Federal Ombudsperson for Women and Workplace</a>.</li> <li>As a chancellor of federal public sector universities, he appoints vice chancellors of that universities.</li> <li>He also appoints Chairman and members of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Public_Service_Commission" title="Federal Public Service Commission">Federal Public Service Commission</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_powers">Military powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Military powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He is Supreme Commander of Armed forces of the country.</li> <li>He appoints Chief of Army Staff, Chief of Naval Staff, Chief of Air Staff, and Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee on advice of Prime Minister.</li> <li>The President shall have the power to raise and maintain the Military, naval, and air force of Pakistan and the reserves of such forces.</li> <li>The President shall also have the power to determine their salaries and allowances.</li> <li>The President shall have the power to grant commission to such forces.</li> <li>He can send military troops to other countries and United Nations on advice of Prime Minister.</li> <li>He can declare war and peace settlements on advice of Prime Minister.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergency_powers">Emergency powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Emergency powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 232: Emergency due to war, external or internal disturbance: </p> <ul><li>If the president is satisfied that a grave emergency exists in which the security of Pakistan, or any part therefore, is threatened by warfare or external aggression, or by internal trouble and disturbance, beyond the power of a Provincial Government to control, he may issue a proclamation of Emergency.</li></ul> <p>Article 233: Suspension of Fundamental Rights: </p> <ul><li>After the proclamation of Emergency, the president may suspend Articles 15 to 19 and 24 (fundamental rights) through a separate order and this order too is to be laid before the joint sitting of parliament for approval as soon as possible.</li></ul> <p>Article 234: Emergency due to the breakdown of constitutional machinery: </p> <ul><li>Article 234 of the constitution envisages a situation in which constitutional machinery breaks down in a province, as when no political party or coalition has a clear majority in the province to form a government or the law-and-order situation has deteriorated to an extent that provincial Government cannot, in spite of its majority in the Assembly, function in the province.</li></ul> <p>Article 235: Financial Emergency: </p> <ul><li>Article 235 of the constitution of Pakistan. When the economic life, financial stability or credit of the country is threatened, the president, after consultation with the Governor, may issue a proclamation to extend the authority of federation to the giving of direction to any province to observe such principles of financial propriety as is deemed necessary. Even the salaries may be required to be reduced.</li></ul> <p>President can impose governor rule in any province. He can run provincial government directly. </p><p>He can use emergency powers on advice of Prime Minister and cabinet. </p><p>From 2000 until 2009, the President was the <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Council of Pakistan">National Security Council</a> who had authority and control over the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction">nuclear and strategic arsenals</a>; however, the chairmanship and the powers transferred back to the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">prime minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Assembly_press_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Assembly_press-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the presidential <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">powers have significantly declined</a> with Pakistan's government reversed to a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Powers_before_the_18th_Amendment">Powers before the 18th Amendment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Powers before the 18th Amendment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before 18th Amendment<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the constitution 2010, President was quite powerful. </p><p>He had constitutional authority to choose and appoint Prime Minister in his discretion who got majiorty votes from National Assembly. </p><p>Due to Article 58-2(b) he had authority to dissolve National Assembly in his discretion when Government of Federation cannot be carried according to provisions of Constitution. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">President Zia Ul Haq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ishaq_Khan" title="Ghulam Ishaq Khan">Ghulam Ishaq Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">Farooq Leghari</a> used this constitutional provision to dissolve elected Prime Minister's Government. The President is ceremonial head of state, Prime Minister is head of executive, but this provision made President more powerful than Prime Minister and Prime Minister was made subordinate to President. If there is any misunderstanding or disagreement between President and Prime Minister, President may use these powers to dismiss Prime minister and to dissolve National Assembly. Pakistan's Parliamentary system was changed to Semi Presidential system. </p> <ul><li>He had authority to appoint Governors of Provinces in his discretion.</li> <li>He had authority to appoint Chief of Army Staff, Chief of Air Staff, Chief of Naval Staff and Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff committee in his discretion.</li> <li>He was chairman of National Security Council, so he had authority to take decisions related to national security and defense.</li> <li>He was also Chairman of National Command Authority. He had authority to take decisions related to nuclear weapons and missile technology of country.</li> <li>He had authority to appoint Chief Election Commissioner in his discretion he was not bound to consult with Prime Minister and Leader of Opposition.</li> <li>He had authority to appoint Caretaker Prime Minister and Caretaker cabinet in his discretion after dissolution of National Assembly and consultation was not required for these appointments.</li> <li>He had authority to appoint Judges of Supreme Court and High Court with consultation of Chief Justice of Pakistan he was not bound to appoint judges on recommendations of Judicial Commission of Pakistan.</li> <li>He had authority to refer any matter of public importance to public in form of referendum in his discretion.</li> <li>He had authority to take decisions related to foreign policy of country. President Zia ul Haq and President Musharraf exercised these powers because they were chief of Army Staff and because of 8th amendment and 17th amendment to the constitution and President Asif Ali Zardari also exercised these powers because he was chairman of Peoples Party as well as President during 2008 to 2013.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eligibility_and_selection_process">Eligibility and selection process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Eligibility and selection process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> sets the principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the president.<sup id="cite_ref-Article_412_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A president has to be: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani citizenship">citizen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Article_411_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_411-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a><sup id="cite_ref-Article_412_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At least 45 years of age<sup id="cite_ref-Article_412_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Qualified to be elected as member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a><sup id="cite_ref-Article_412_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Whenever the <i><a href="/wiki/Aiwan-e-Sadr" title="Aiwan-e-Sadr">Aiwan-e-Sadr</a></i> becomes vacant, the selection of president is done by the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(Pakistan)" title="Electoral College (Pakistan)">electoral college</a>, which consists of both houses of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Pakistan)">National Assembly</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">four</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">provincial assemblies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph,_Pakistan_Bureau_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph,_Pakistan_Bureau-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan">chief election commissioner</a> has to conduct elections to the office of the president in a special session.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting system">Voting</a> takes place in secrecy.<sup id="cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News_International,_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each elector casts a different number of votes.<sup id="cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News_International,_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general principle is that the total number of votes cast by members of Parliament equals the total number of votes cast by provincial legislators.<sup id="cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News_International,_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of the provincial legislatures has an equal number of votes to each other, based on the number of members of the smallest legislature, which is the Balochistan Assembly (65 seats).<sup id="cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News_International,_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution further states that election to the office of president will not be held earlier than sixty days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the president in office.<sup id="cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News_International,_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_and_oath">Election and oath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Election and oath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president is <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirectly</a> for a term of five years.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incumbent president is eligible for re-election to that office, but cannot hold that office for more than two consecutive terms.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">chief justice</a>—, an oath or affirmation that the president shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I, (The name of the President-elect), do solemnly swear that I am a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> and believe in the <a href="/wiki/Monotheism_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheism in Islam">Unity, and Oneness</a> of Almighty <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Books of Allah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran"><i>Holy Qur'an</i></a> being the last of them, the <a href="/wiki/Prophet_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet of Islam">Prophethood</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peace_be_upon_him_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace be upon him (Islam)">peace be upon him</a>) <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Prophets" title="Seal of the Prophets">as the last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Judgment">Day of Judgment</a>, and all the requirements and teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Quran">Holy Quran</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i>: </p><p>That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: </p><p>That, as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: </p><p>That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: </p><p>That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: </p><p>That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill- will: </p><p>And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as President of Pakistan, except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as President. </p><p> May Allah Almighty help and guide me (Ameen).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Line_of_succession_and_removal">Line of succession and removal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Line of succession and removal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_President_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the President of Pakistan">Line of succession to the President of Pakistan</a></div> <p>The Constitution discusses the possibility of an acting president.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates in case of vacancy as the constitution does not include a position of vice president: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate of Pakistan</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The president may be removed before the expiry of the term through <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a>. The president can be removed for violation of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. The house initiates the process by leveling the charges against the president.<sup id="cite_ref-Article_473_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_473-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The charges are contained in a notice that has to be signed by either the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Senate">chairman</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">speaker of the National Assembly</a> through a <a href="/wiki/Two-thirds_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-thirds rule">two-thirds</a> majority.<sup id="cite_ref-Article_473_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_473-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The notice is sent up to the president, and 14 days later it is taken up for consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A resolution to impeach the president has to be passed by the <a href="/wiki/Two-thirds_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-thirds rule">two-thirds</a> majority.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">speaker of the National Assembly</a> then summons the joint session not earlier than seven days.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president has the right to defend oneself.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the resolution is passed by the <a href="/wiki/Two-thirds_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-thirds rule">two-thirds</a> majority at the joint session declaring that the president is unfit to hold the office due to incapacity or is guilty of violating the Constitution or of gross misconduct, then the president shall cease to hold office immediately on the passing of the resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No president has been impeached. However, the proceedings have been used in 2008 in <a href="/wiki/Movement_to_impeach_Pervez_Musharraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf">an attempt to impeach</a> former president <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> who tendered the resignation after the proceedings above were used.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_presidents">List of presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Pakistan" title="List of presidents of Pakistan">List of presidents of Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Pakistan" title="List of heads of state of Pakistan">List of heads of state of Pakistan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_background">Political background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Political background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Standard_of_Pakistan_(1956-1967).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Presidential_Standard_of_Pakistan_%281956-1967%29.svg/250px-Presidential_Standard_of_Pakistan_%281956-1967%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Presidential_Standard_of_Pakistan_%281956-1967%29.svg/375px-Presidential_Standard_of_Pakistan_%281956-1967%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Presidential_Standard_of_Pakistan_%281956-1967%29.svg/500px-Presidential_Standard_of_Pakistan_%281956-1967%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Presidential standard (1956–1967)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_origins">Early origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Early origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1947 until 1956, the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">governor-general of Pakistan</a> acted for the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>: King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> (until 1952) and Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (from 1952). With the promulgation of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1956" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1956">first</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">constitution</a>, Pakistan became an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a> in 1956, and the governor-general was replaced with the presidency. The incumbent governor-general, <a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Iskander Mirza</a>, became Pakistan's first president. He reportedly <a href="/wiki/1958_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 Pakistani coup d'état">suspended the</a> first constitution in 1958, and appointed <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Pakistan_Army" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army">Army commander-in-chief</a> General <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(President_of_Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)">Ayub Khan</a> as the first <a href="/wiki/Chief_Martial_Law_Administrator" title="Chief Martial Law Administrator">chief martial law administrator</a>. Khan subsequently dismissed Mirza in order to become the president. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iskander_Mirza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iskander_Mirza.jpg/145px-Iskander_Mirza.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Iskander_Mirza.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Iskander Mirza</a> became the 1st President of Pakistan in 1956</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1962" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1962">second</a> constitution introduced by President Ayub Khan turned the country into a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a> without <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">direct elections</a>. Succumbing to internal and international pressure, however, Khan held a nationwide <a href="/wiki/1965_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="1965 Pakistani presidential election">presidential election</a> in 1965. Khan successfully campaigned against his opponent, <a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Fatima Jinnah</a>, for a second term, but some have alleged that elections were rigged in favour of Ayub Khan. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_standard_of_Pakistan_(1974%E2%80%931998).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Presidential_standard_of_Pakistan_%281974%E2%80%931998%29.svg/200px-Presidential_standard_of_Pakistan_%281974%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Presidential_standard_of_Pakistan_%281974%E2%80%931998%29.svg/300px-Presidential_standard_of_Pakistan_%281974%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Presidential_standard_of_Pakistan_%281974%E2%80%931998%29.svg/400px-Presidential_standard_of_Pakistan_%281974%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Presidential standard (1974–1998)</figcaption></figure> <p>Controversy regarding the <a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">U-2 incident</a> (1960), <a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">privatization</a> (1963), and <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1965" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1965">war</a> with <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (1965), fueled a fierce <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">left-wing</a> opposition movement led by <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">PPP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengali nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a> who, with the support of demonstrators, aimed to further weaken the presidency. Suffering from <a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a> and declining health, Ayub Khan handed over the presidency to army chief General <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_1970" title="Legal Framework Order, 1970">who imposed martial law</a> and announced that national elections would be held in 1970. Eventually, <a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">general elections</a> were held in 1970 which saw the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">PPP</a> gaining a majority of seats in <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a> (current-day Pakistan) and the <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> gaining a majority in <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> (current-day Bangladesh). </p><p>After he was unable to reach a compromise between the PPP and the Awami League, President Yahya Khan invited <a href="/wiki/Nurul_Amin" title="Nurul Amin">Nurul Amin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League" title="Pakistan Muslim League">Pakistan Muslim League</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">prime minister</a>, and also appointed him as the first <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Pakistan" title="Vice President of Pakistan">vice president</a>. The growing instigated violence against <a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> in East Pakistan forced President Yahya Khan to use <a href="/wiki/Operation_Searchlight" title="Operation Searchlight">force</a> in order to maintain <a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">order</a> there, which further escalated <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bengali resistance</a> (1970). <a href="/wiki/Operation_Chengiz_Khan" title="Operation Chengiz Khan">Preemptive strikes</a> against <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> led to another <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1971">war</a> in 1971, which <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Bangladesh" title="Independence of Bangladesh">freed</a> <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> and created <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. </p><p>Taking personal responsibility for the political isolation and devastation of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Dhaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Dhaka">fall</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>, President Yahya Khan stepped down and ceded power to <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a>. President Bhutto created the current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> in 1973, transforming <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a>, and reducing presidential powers to that of a ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_Interventions">Past Interventions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Past Interventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_election" title="1977 Pakistani general election">general elections</a> held in 1977 resulted in an atmosphere of civil unrest instigated by the <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Pakistan" title="Conservatism in Pakistan">right-wing</a> alliance, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Alliance" title="Pakistan National Alliance">Pakistan National Alliance</a>. The events leading to it resulted in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Fair_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Fair Play">military intervention</a> by <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">chief of army staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Joint Chiefs</a> Admiral <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Shariff" title="Mohammad Shariff">Mohammad Shariff</a>. Suspending the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> in 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq took over the presidency in 1978. Zia's <a href="/wiki/Zia_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia regime">presidency</a> oversaw the modern growth of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">far-right ideas</a> in the country. Succumbing to domestic pressure to restore the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a>, President Zia-ul-Haq held a <a href="/wiki/1984_Pakistani_Islamisation_programme_referendum" title="1984 Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum">referendum</a> (1984) and called for <a href="/wiki/1985_Pakistani_general_election" title="1985 Pakistani general election">general elections</a> in 1985. President Zia-ul-Haq appointed <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khan_Junejo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Khan Junejo">Mohammad Junejo</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">prime minister</a> and assumed more <a href="/wiki/Political_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Political power">powers</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">constitutional amendment</a>. After dismissing Prime Minister Junejo, President Zia-ul-Haq announced that new general elections would be held, but President Zia <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Zia-ul-Haq">died in a plane crash</a> in 1988. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_election" title="1988 Pakistani general election">general elections</a> held in 1988 witnessed the victory of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">PPP</a> in 1988 and appointed Senate <a href="/wiki/Chairman_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Senate">chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ishaq_Khan" title="Ghulam Ishaq Khan">Ghulam Ishaq Khan</a> to the presidency. The conflict between Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan arose in two areas regarding the issues of appointments. President Ghulam Ishaq Khan repeatedly intervened in government matters and <a href="/wiki/Corruption_charges_against_Benazir_Bhutto_and_Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari">leveled charges</a> against Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto; thus <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">dismissing</a> Prime Minister Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1990. After holding <a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_election" title="1988 Pakistani general election">general elections</a> in 1990, <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> brought up an ideologically <a href="/wiki/First_Sharif_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sharif ministry">conservative government</a> and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan unsuccessfully tried to dismiss Sharif. After a successful intervention by <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs</a> General <a href="/wiki/Shamim_Alam_Khan" title="Shamim Alam Khan">Shamim Allam</a>, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif tendered resignations in 1993. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">new elections</a> held in 1993, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto established a strong government after appointing loyalist <a href="/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">Farooq Leghari</a> to the presidency. However, the <a href="/wiki/Corruption_charges_against_Benazir_Bhutto_and_Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari">corruption charges</a> and the controversial death of <a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Bhutto" title="Murtaza Bhutto">Murtaza Bhutto</a> in 1996 resulted in President Farooq Leghari <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">dismissing</a> Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. In 1997, President Farooq Leghari could not overcome the heavy mandate bestowed on Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> by the public in <a href="/wiki/1997_Pakistani_general_election" title="1997 Pakistani general election">1997</a>. President Leghari unsuccessfully supported <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Sajjad_Ali_Shah" title="Sajjad Ali Shah">Sajjad Ali Shah</a>— both of them resigned, ending the conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judiciary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Secretariat_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's Secretariat (Pakistan)">Executive</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a>. After appointing <a href="/wiki/Rafiq_Tarar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafiq Tarar">Rafiq Tarar</a>, the Parliament successfully passed <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">constitutional amendment</a> to decisively limit the presidency. After staging a controversial <a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">self coup</a> in 1999, General <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> dismissed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and President Rafiq Tarar in 2001 while assuming more <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">powers to the presidency</a>. In January 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College of Pakistan">Electoral College</a> <a href="/wiki/2004_Pakistani_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Pakistani presidential election">elected</a> Musharraf, and as a result he was, according to the Constitution, "deemed to be elected".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Musharraf's repeated unconstitutional intervention resulted in a standoff with the Judiciary, and declared a <a href="/wiki/2007_Pakistani_martial_law" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Pakistani martial law">state of emergency</a> in 2007, after dismissing the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justices of Supreme Court of Pakistan">senior justices</a> of the Supreme Court. Although Musharraf was <a href="/wiki/2007_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2007 Pakistani presidential election">elected in 2007</a>, the constitutional legality of Musharraf's rule was found dubious. A populist <a href="/wiki/Lawyer%27s_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawyer's movement">constitutional movement</a> eventually resulted in Musharraf's departure. On 22 August 2008, the electoral commission called for presidential nominations to be delivered by 26 August 2008 and for elections to be held on 6 September 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Figurehead_overview">Figurehead overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Figurehead overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistani_President_Arif_Alvi_visits_Maritime_Ministry,_flanked_by_Minister_Ali_Zaidi_and_Federal_Secretary_Rizwan_Ahmed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pakistani_President_Arif_Alvi_visits_Maritime_Ministry%2C_flanked_by_Minister_Ali_Zaidi_and_Federal_Secretary_Rizwan_Ahmed.jpg/220px-Pakistani_President_Arif_Alvi_visits_Maritime_Ministry%2C_flanked_by_Minister_Ali_Zaidi_and_Federal_Secretary_Rizwan_Ahmed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pakistani_President_Arif_Alvi_visits_Maritime_Ministry%2C_flanked_by_Minister_Ali_Zaidi_and_Federal_Secretary_Rizwan_Ahmed.jpg/330px-Pakistani_President_Arif_Alvi_visits_Maritime_Ministry%2C_flanked_by_Minister_Ali_Zaidi_and_Federal_Secretary_Rizwan_Ahmed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pakistani_President_Arif_Alvi_visits_Maritime_Ministry%2C_flanked_by_Minister_Ali_Zaidi_and_Federal_Secretary_Rizwan_Ahmed.jpg/440px-Pakistani_President_Arif_Alvi_visits_Maritime_Ministry%2C_flanked_by_Minister_Ali_Zaidi_and_Federal_Secretary_Rizwan_Ahmed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Arif_Alvi" title="Arif Alvi">Arif Alvi</a> visits Maritime Ministry, flanked by <a href="/wiki/Ali_Haider_Zaidi" title="Ali Haider Zaidi">Ali Zaidi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rizwan_Ahmed_(civil_servant)" title="Rizwan Ahmed (civil servant)">Rizwan Ahmed</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2008 Pakistani presidential election">presidential election</a> held in 2008, <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> lobbied for <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">constitutional amendment</a> to restore the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> as it was in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a> unanimously and with a large majority, passed the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">eighteenth amendment</a> of the constitution. It revoked the presidential powers and changed Pakistan from a semi-presidential system of government to a parliamentary republic, with great hopes of governmental stability in the future. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Secretary_to_the_President_of_Pakistan" title="Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan">Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_transports_of_heads_of_state_and_government#Pakistan" title="Air transports of heads of state and government">Air transports of heads of state and government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_state_car#Pakistan" title="Official state car">Official state car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court">Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_of_the_Pakistan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army">Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafaqi_Mohtasib" class="mw-redirect" title="Wafaqi Mohtasib">Wafaqi Mohtasib (Federal Ombudsman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Pakistan">Foreign Minister of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of Pakistan">Finance Minister of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Interior Minister of Pakistan">Interior Minister of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Pakistan)" title="Minister of Defence (Pakistan)">Minister of Defence (Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Pakistan" title="Vice President of Pakistan">Vice President of Pakistan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_rigging_in_the_2024_Pakistani_general_election" title="Allegations of rigging in the 2024 Pakistani general election">Allegations of rigging in the 2024 Pakistani general election</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGupta2006" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, K. R., ed. (2006). <i>India-Pakistan relations with special reference to Kashmir</i>. New Delhi: Atlantic Publ. and Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8126906723" title="Special:BookSources/8126906723"><bdi>8126906723</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India-Pakistan+relations+with+special+reference+to+Kashmir&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publ.+and+Distributors&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=8126906723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/1721342/1-govt-wants-double-presidents-salary/">"Govt wants to double president's salary"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i>. 29 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Govt+wants+to+double+president%27s+salary&rft.date=2018-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F1721342%2F1-govt-wants-double-presidents-salary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1527760155_906.pdf">"Data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. www.na.gov.pk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data&rft.pub=www.na.gov.pk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.na.gov.pk%2Fuploads%2Fdocuments%2F1527760155_906.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch2.html">Article 243(3)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321055201/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch2.html">Archived</a> 2015-03-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Article_411-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Article_411_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article_411_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 41(1)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-apr-02-la-fg-pakistan-zardari3-2010apr03-story.html">"Pakistan moves to roll back presidential powers"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 2 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Pakistan+moves+to+roll+back+presidential+powers&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2010-apr-02-la-fg-pakistan-zardari3-2010apr03-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 43(1)–43(2)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 46</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch2.html">Article 243(2)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321055201/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch2.html">Archived</a> 2015-03-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch2.html">Article 50</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204191633/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch2.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 46</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch2.html">Article 54</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204191633/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch2.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch2.html">Article 56</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204191633/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch2.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 243(3) in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part7.ch1.html">Article 175A(3)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704064631/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part7.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2014-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part7.ch2.html">Article 177A(1)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528034123/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part7.ch2.html">Archived</a> 2015-05-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2:The Supreme Court of Pakistan of Part VII in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 45</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch4.html">Article 248(1)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140603233302/http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch4.html">Archived</a> 2014-06-03 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> in Chapter 4:General of Part XII: Miscellaneous in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 41</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Assembly_press-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_Assembly_press_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovt._of_Pakistan2010" class="citation news cs1">Govt. of Pakistan (3 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1300934560_193.pdf">"The National Command Authority Act, 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islamabad: National Assembly press. National Assembly press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071051/http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1300934560_193.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+National+Command+Authority+Act%2C+2010&rft.date=2010-03-03&rft.au=Govt.+of+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.na.gov.pk%2Fuploads%2Fdocuments%2F1300934560_193.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: The <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">XVIII Amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/18amendment.html">"Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010"</a>. <i>www.pakistani.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pakistani.org&rft.atitle=Constitution+%28Eighteenth+Amendment%29+Act%2C+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakistani.org%2Fpakistan%2Fconstitution%2Famendments%2F18amendment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Article_412-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Article_412_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article_412_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article_412_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article_412_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 41(2)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph,_Pakistan_Bureau-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph,_Pakistan_Bureau_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrilly2013" class="citation news cs1">Crilly, Rob (10 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/10047665/Pakistan-election-guide-How-does-it-work.html">"Pakistan election guide: How does it work?"</a>. Telegraph, Pakistan Bureau. Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214200122/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/10047665/Pakistan-election-guide-How-does-it-work.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pakistan+election+guide%3A+How+does+it+work%3F&rft.date=2013-05-10&rft.aulast=Crilly&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fpakistan%2F10047665%2FPakistan-election-guide-How-does-it-work.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 41(3)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-News_International,_2013-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-News_International,_2013_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAPP2013" class="citation news cs1">APP, Associate Press of Pakistan (25 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-110976-706-Electoral-College-members-to-elect-12th-President-of-Pakistan#sthash.AXGQ16K3.dpuf">"706 Electoral College members to elect 12th President of Pakistan"</a>. News International, 2013. News International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130802225748/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-110976-706-Electoral-College-members-to-elect-12th-President-of-Pakistan#sthash.AXGQ16K3.dpuf">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=706+Electoral+College+members+to+elect+12th+President+of+Pakistan&rft.date=2013-07-25&rft.aulast=APP&rft.aufirst=Associate+Press+of+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Farticle-110976-706-Electoral-College-members-to-elect-12th-President-of-Pakistan%23sthash.AXGQ16K3.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 44(1)-(2)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 44(2)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/schedules/schedule3.html">Article 42</a> in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 49(1)-(2)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 49(1)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 47(1)-(2)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Article_473-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Article_473_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article_473_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 47(3)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 47(5)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 47(6)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 47(6)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 47(7)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Article 47(8)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204192606/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <a href="/wiki/Movement_to_impeach_Pervez_Musharraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf">Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldman2004" class="citation news cs1">Waldman, Amy (2 January 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/02/international/asia/02STAN.html">"Pakistan Gives Musharraf Confidence Vote as President"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515004758/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/02/international/asia/02STAN.html?ex=1388379600&en=a5ffeee2a4e1367a&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Gives+Musharraf+Confidence+Vote+as+President&rft.date=2004-01-02&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F01%2F02%2Finternational%2Fasia%2F02STAN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021144149/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-22/pakistan/27934814_1_pml-n-asif-ali-zardari-ppp">"Pakistan presidential poll on September 6"</a>. <i>Times of India</i>. 22 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924040217/http://www.radionetherlands.nl/news/international/5930497/Pakistan-to-choose-president-on-6-September">"Pakistan to choose president on 6 September"</a>. <i>Radio Netherlands</i>. 22 August 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionetherlands.nl/news/international/5930497/Pakistan-to-choose-president-on-6-September">the original</a> on 24 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Netherlands&rft.atitle=Pakistan+to+choose+president+on+6+September&rft.date=2008-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionetherlands.nl%2Fnews%2Finternational%2F5930497%2FPakistan-to-choose-president-on-6-September&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090103141203/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Pakistans_presidential_poll_today_Zardari_front-runner/articleshow/3451196.cms">"Pakistan's presidential poll today, Zardari front runner"</a>. <i>Times of India</i>. 6 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Pakistans_presidential_poll_today_Zardari_front-runner/articleshow/3451196.cms">the original</a> on 3 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Pakistan%27s+presidential+poll+today%2C+Zardari+front+runner&rft.date=2008-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2FPakistans_presidential_poll_today_Zardari_front-runner%2Farticleshow%2F3451196.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080909060813/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jwCcx11NqhunSNBZD7-my_37q0PA">"Bhutto's widower set to become Pakistan president"</a>. <i>Google News</i>. AFP. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jwCcx11NqhunSNBZD7-my_37q0PA">the original</a> on 9 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+News&rft.atitle=Bhutto%27s+widower+set+to+become+Pakistan+president&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafp.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jwCcx11NqhunSNBZD7-my_37q0PA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707123120/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i9dz2ZxX6MRv5ZOKT4cx4-1O_qTQ">"Zardari wins Pakistan presidential election: officials"</a>. <i>Google News</i>. AFP. 5 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i9dz2ZxX6MRv5ZOKT4cx4-1O_qTQ">the original</a> on 7 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+News&rft.atitle=Zardari+wins+Pakistan+presidential+election%3A+officials&rft.date=2008-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafp.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5i9dz2ZxX6MRv5ZOKT4cx4-1O_qTQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlezMasood2008" class="citation web cs1">Perlez, Jane; Masood, Salman (7 September 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/world/asia/07zardari.html">"Bhutto's Widower Wins Pakistani Presidency"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160722145323/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/world/asia/07zardari.html?hp">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bhutto%27s+Widower+Wins+Pakistani+Presidency&rft.date=2008-09-07&rft.aulast=Perlez&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Masood%2C+Salman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F09%2F07%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F07zardari.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Pakistan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.pk">President of Pakistan: official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Presidents of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Presidents of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidents of Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/150px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/200px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Ali_Mirza" title="Iskandar Ali Mirza">Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Ayub Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazal_Ilahi_Chaudhry" title="Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry">Ilahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ishaq_Khan" title="Ghulam Ishaq Khan">Ghulam Ishaq Khan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wasim_Sajjad" title="Wasim Sajjad">Sajjad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">Leghari</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wasim_Sajjad" title="Wasim Sajjad">Sajjad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafiq_Tarar" title="Muhammad Rafiq Tarar">Tarar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Musharraf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Soomro" title="Muhammad Mian Soomro">Soomro</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Zardari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamnoon_Hussain" title="Mamnoon Hussain">Mamnoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Alvi" title="Arif Alvi">Alvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Zardari</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate acting Presidents</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Pakistan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Pakistan&#124;link=Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Government_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Government of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Government_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Government of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Government_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Government of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_Pakistan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Pakistan&#124;link=Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting Prime Minister of Pakistan">Acting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Pakistan">Deputy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caretaker_Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan">Caretaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State emblem of Pakistan"><img alt="State emblem of Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/68px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/102px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/136px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(Pakistan)" title="Electoral College (Pakistan)">Electoral College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting President of Pakistan">Acting</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" title="Provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Government of Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Government of Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sindh" title="Government of Sindh">Sindh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" title="Provincial governments of Pakistan">Territorial governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gilgit%E2%80%93Baltistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Gilgit–Baltistan">Gilgit–Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Government of Azad Kashmir">Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Metropolitan_Corporation" title="Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation">Islamabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#95;_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Template:Pakistan Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:Pakistan Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#95;_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/20px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/30px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/40px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">Military history of Pakistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commander-in-Chief <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chief Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_committees_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="List of committees of the Senate of Pakistan">Senate Committee on Defence</a></li> <li>National Assembly Committee on Defence</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">Cabinet Committee on National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)"> National Security Council</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Pakistan)" title="Minister of Defence (Pakistan)">Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(Pakistan)" title="Defence Secretary (Pakistan)">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Production_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Defence Production (Pakistan)">Defence Production</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Naval Staff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inter-Services" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inter-Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Public_Relations" title="Inter-Services Public Relations">Public Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter_Services_Selection_Board_(Pakistan)" title="Inter Services Selection Board (Pakistan)">Selection Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">National Command Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces_Nursing_Service" title="Pakistan Armed Forces Nursing Service">Nursing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces_Band" title="Pakistan Armed Forces Band">Armed Forces Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Paramilitary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Pakistan)" title="National Guard (Pakistan)">National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Plans_Division_Force" title="Strategic Plans Division Force">Strategic Plans Division Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces">Women</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ranks_and_insignia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ranks and insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_ranks_and_insignia" title="Pakistan Army ranks and insignia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy_ranks_and_insignia" title="Pakistan Navy ranks and insignia">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines#Commissioned_officers_and_Enlisted_rank" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia" title="Pakistan Air Force ranks and insignia">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Business interests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Pakistani Defence Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority" title="Defence Housing Authority">Defence Housing Authority</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Foundations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Fauji (Joint)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Welfare_Trust" title="Army Welfare Trust">Askari (Army)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahria_Foundation" title="Bahria Foundation">Bahria (Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_Foundation" title="Shaheen Foundation">Shaheen (Air Force)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Criticism of the Pakistan Armed Forces">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment_(Pakistan)" title="The Establishment (Pakistan)">Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(Pakistan)" title="Gang of Four (Pakistan)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Military of Pakistan">Categories</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Army" title="Category:Pakistan Army">Army</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Category:Pakistan Air Force">Air Force</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Navy" title="Category:Pakistan Navy">Navy</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_topics" title="Template talk:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Indo-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Indo-Sassanid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Indo-Hephthalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li> <li>Insurgencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Coal mines in Pakistan">Coal fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Natural gas fields in Pakistan">Gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Oil fields of Pakistan">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">C<sup>2</sup>NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Majlis-e-Shoora</i>)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_2002" title="Legal Framework Order, 2002">LFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">WPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitutional_Order" title="Provisional Constitutional Order">PCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani#Financial_and_economic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics_in_the_world#Contemporary_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society and Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Society of Pakistan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement (Pakistan)">Me Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Dance in Pakistan">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athletics_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Athletics in Pakistan">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Baseball in Pakistan">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Boxing in Pakistan">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Cycle racing in Pakistan">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Golf in Pakistan">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Motorsport in Pakistan">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polo_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Polo in Pakistan">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Rugby union in Pakistan">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swimming_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Swimming in Pakistan">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Tennis in Pakistan">Tennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurdwaras#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">Basic topics</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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