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(PDF) Synergistic selection": A Darwinian frame for the evolution of complexity | Eors Szathmary - Academia.edu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="1fqHcfaKpdN3cVH7fj1Fwt4PUyIEu/VgKeBi8fCchS91Qb5VzxN+4m/EebIF32mP4mGeL2yT/1am1TdviR3Ggg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="“Synergistic selection”: A Darwinian frame for the evolution of complexity" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2015" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Theoretical Biology" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Peter A. 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In" /> <title>(PDF) Synergistic selection": A Darwinian frame for the evolution of complexity | Eors Szathmary - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/70386742/Synergistic_selection_A_Darwinian_frame_for_the_evolution_of_complexity" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732406604000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732406604000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Non-Darwinian theories about the emergence and evolution of complexity date back at least to Lamarck, and include those of Herbert Spencer and the \u0026amp;amp;quot;emergent evolution\u0026amp;amp;quot; theorists of the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In recent decades, this approach has mostly been espoused by various practitioners in biophysics and complexity theory. However, there is a Darwinian alternative - in essence, an economic theory of complexity - proposing that synergistic effects of various kinds have played an important causal role in the evolution of complexity, especially in the \u0026amp;amp;quot;major transitions\u0026amp;amp;quot;. This theory is called the \u0026amp;amp;quot;synergism hypothesis\u0026amp;amp;quot;. We posit that otherwise unattainable functional advantages arising from various cooperative phenomena have been favored over time in a dynamic that the late John Maynard Smith characterized and modeled as \u0026amp;amp;quot;synergistic selection\u0026amp;amp;quot;. The term highlights the fact that synergistic \u0026amp;amp;quot;wholes\u0026amp;amp;quot; may beco...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Eors Szathmary"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-02-04","dateModified":"2022-02-04","datePublished":"2015-01-21","headline":"Synergistic selection\": A Darwinian frame for the evolution of complexity","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Symbiosis","Biology","Medicine","Theoretical biology","Mutualism","Emergence","Cooperation","Biological Sciences","Mathematical Sciences","Synergy","Biological evolution","Publications"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal of theoretical biology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/70386742/Synergistic_selection_A_Darwinian_frame_for_the_evolution_of_complexity","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"elte"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":70386742,"created_at":"2022-02-04T01:08:24.868-08:00","from_world_paper_id":194491417,"updated_at":"2023-03-11T15:16:14.966-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Non-Darwinian theories about the emergence and evolution of complexity date back at least to Lamarck, and include those of Herbert Spencer and the \u0026quot;emergent evolution\u0026quot; theorists of the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In recent decades, this approach has mostly been espoused by various practitioners in biophysics and complexity theory. However, there is a Darwinian alternative - in essence, an economic theory of complexity - proposing that synergistic effects of various kinds have played an important causal role in the evolution of complexity, especially in the \u0026quot;major transitions\u0026quot;. This theory is called the \u0026quot;synergism hypothesis\u0026quot;. We posit that otherwise unattainable functional advantages arising from various cooperative phenomena have been favored over time in a dynamic that the late John Maynard Smith characterized and modeled as \u0026quot;synergistic selection\u0026quot;. The term highlights the fact that synergistic \u0026quot;wholes\u0026quot; may beco...","publication_date":"2015,1,21","publication_name":"Journal of theoretical biology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Synergistic selection\": A Darwinian frame for the evolution of complexity","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [8579705]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":80162173,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Synergistic selection": A Darwinian frame for the evolution of complexity”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/80162173/mini_magick20220204-23119-t7l1r7.png?1643965832" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Synergistic selection": A Darwinian frame for the evolution of complexity</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8579705" href="https://elte.academia.edu/EorsSzathmary"><img alt="Profile image of Eors Szathmary" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/8579705/66409340/54760794/s65_eors.szathmary.gif" />Eors Szathmary</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, Journal of theoretical biology</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Non-Darwinian theories about the emergence and evolution of complexity date back at least to Lamarck, and include those of Herbert Spencer and the &quot;emergent evolution&quot; theorists of the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In recent decades, this approach has mostly been espoused by various practitioners in biophysics and complexity theory. However, there is a Darwinian alternative - in essence, an economic theory of complexity - proposing that synergistic effects of various kinds have played an important causal role in the evolution of complexity, especially in the &quot;major transitions&quot;. This theory is called the &quot;synergism hypothesis&quot;. We posit that otherwise unattainable functional advantages arising from various cooperative phenomena have been favored over time in a dynamic that the late John Maynard Smith characterized and modeled as &quot;synergistic selection&quot;. The term highlights the fact that synergistic &quot;wholes&quot; may beco...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":80162173,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/70386742/Synergistic_selection_A_Darwinian_frame_for_the_evolution_of_complexity"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":80162173,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/70386742/Synergistic_selection_A_Darwinian_frame_for_the_evolution_of_complexity"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="80162173" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/70386742/Synergistic_selection_A_Darwinian_frame_for_the_evolution_of_complexity" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="8488872" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8488872/A_Note_on_Why_Natural_Selection_Leads_to_Complexity">A Note on Why Natural Selection Leads to Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="178803" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/BillBenzon">Bill Benzon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs"> Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 1990</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">While science has accepted biological evolution through natural selection, there is no generally agreed explanation for why evolution leads to ever more complex organisms. 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PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/279004/Evolution_of_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="80697863" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80697863/How_evolution_guides_complexity">How evolution guides complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="212979" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/LarryYaeger">Larry Yaeger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">HFSP journal, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Long-standing debates about the role of natural selection in the growth of biological complexity over geological time scales are difficult to resolve from the paleobiological record. Using an evolutionary model-a computational ecosystem subjected to natural selection-we investigate evolutionary trends in an information-theoretic measure of the complexity of the neural dynamics of artificial agents inhabiting the model. Our results suggest that evolution always guides complexity change, just not in a single direction. We also demonstrate that neural complexity correlates well with behavioral adaptation but only when complexity increases are achieved through natural selection (as opposed to increases generated randomly or optimized via a genetic algorithm). We conclude with a suggested research direction that might be able to use the artificial neural data generated in these experiments to determine which aspects of network structure give rise to evolutionarily meaningful neural compl...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How evolution guides complexity","attachmentId":86994446,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80697863/How_evolution_guides_complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80697863/How_evolution_guides_complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="75159972" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75159972/Cooperation_and_Conflict_in_the_Evolution_of_Complexity">Cooperation and Conflict in the Evolution of Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33935606" href="https://universityofarizona.academia.edu/RichardEMichod">Richard E Michod</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The basic problem in an evolutionary transition in complexity is to understand how a group of individuals becomes a new kind of individual, having heritable variation in fitness at the new level of organization. We see the formation of cooperative interactions among lower-level individuals as a necessary step in evolutionary transitions; only cooperation transfers fitness from lower levels (costs to group members) to higher levels (benefits to the group). As cooperation creates a new level of fitness, it creates the opportunity for conflict between the new level and the lower level. Fundamental to the emergence of a new higher-level individual is the mediation of conflict among lower-level individuals in favor of the higher-level unit. We define a conflict mediator as a feature of the cell-group (the emerging multicellular organism) that restricts the opportunity for fitness variation at the lower level (cells) and/or enhances the variation in fitness at the higher level (the cell-g...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cooperation and Conflict in the Evolution of Complexity","attachmentId":83041278,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75159972/Cooperation_and_Conflict_in_the_Evolution_of_Complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75159972/Cooperation_and_Conflict_in_the_Evolution_of_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="33844400" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33844400/Phelps_S_and_Russell_Y_I_2015_Economic_drivers_of_biological_complexity_Adaptive_Behavior_23_315_326">Phelps, S., & Russell, Y. I. (2015). Economic drivers of biological complexity. Adaptive Behavior, 23, 315-326.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="434695" href="https://mdx.academia.edu/YvanRussell">Yvan I Russell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Adaptive Behavior, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The complexity that we observe in nature can often be explained in terms of cooperative behavior. For example, the major transitions of evolution required the emergence of cooperation among the lower-level units of selection, which led to specialization through division-of-labor ultimately resulting in spontaneous order. There are two aspects to address explaining how such cooperation is sustained: how free-riders are prevented from free-riding on the benefits of cooperative tasks and, just as importantly, how those social benefits arise. We review these problems from an economic perspective, and highlight how ideas from economics can help us to better understand how the benefits of social interactions arise, how they are sustained, and how they affect the underlying social dilemmas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phelps, S., \u0026 Russell, Y. I. (2015). Economic drivers of biological complexity. Adaptive Behavior, 23, 315-326.","attachmentId":53825780,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33844400/Phelps_S_and_Russell_Y_I_2015_Economic_drivers_of_biological_complexity_Adaptive_Behavior_23_315_326","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33844400/Phelps_S_and_Russell_Y_I_2015_Economic_drivers_of_biological_complexity_Adaptive_Behavior_23_315_326"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":80162173,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":80162173,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_80162173" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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